Documents published in 2017 : Scipedia

Evaluation of Stock Management Strategies Reliability at Dependent Demand
V. Lukinskiy, V. Lukinskiy

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 185

Abstract
"jats:p"For efficiently increasing the logistic systems, the core specialists’ attention has to be directed to reducing costs and increasing supply chains reliability. A decent attention to costs reduction has already been paid, so it can be stated that in this way there is a significant progress. But the problem of reliability evaluation is still insufficiently explored, particularly, in such an important sphere as inventory management at the dependent demand."/jats:p" "jats:p"In the article there is a suggested methodical approach that allows calculating the safety stock quantity at the dependent demand in view of supply chains reliability requirements; the variants for different inventory management strategies at the dependent demand are examined; optimal strategy choice algorithm and results of total costs calculation in view of the reliability are given. Document type: Article
Abstract
"jats:p"For efficiently increasing the logistic systems, the core specialists’ attention has to be directed to reducing costs and increasing supply chains reliability. A [...]
- 0
- read
Recommendations for actions concerning supporting ITS developments for VRUs
J. Scholliers, K. Malone, R. Breemen, A. Silla, I. Giannelos, M. Rood, D. Mans, P. Rämä, O. Perez

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 184

Abstract
Introduction: This paper presents some of the work conducted in FP7 VRUITS project to draw a set of general recommendations for actions at the EU level aiming to enhance the deployment of ITS systems directed to improve the safety, mobility and comfort of vulnerable road users. Method: The work started by identifying potential barriers, as well as recommendations to overcome these barriers. After that, similar recommendations were combined and prioritised, which are discussed via a workshop and questionnaire. In addition, a qualitative analysis was used to select thirteen main recommendations, for which a quantitative Benefit Analyses and a Multi-Criteria analysis were conducted. Results: In total, over 200 barriers and recommendations were identified for the 10 selected ITS systems. After several steps 13 main general recommendations were selected and ranked according to priority. Conclusions: 1) A wide range of different type of measures directed to different stakeholders is needed 2) Focus should be on facilitating the implementation of the 13 main recommendations, 3) Benefits of implementation of the recommendations can be in the order of billion(s) of euros, and 4) Main challenges are achieving cooperation between the different stakeholders, the different environments, the long time horizon for implementation and the high implementation costs. © 2017, The Author(s). Document type: Article
Abstract
Introduction: This paper presents some of the work conducted in FP7 VRUITS project to draw a set of general recommendations for actions at the EU level aiming to enhance the [...]
- 0
- read
Information Dynamics in Transportation Systems with Traffic Lights Control
S. Litescu, A. Knoll, V. Viswanathan, H. Aydt

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 183

Abstract
Due to recent advanced communication possibilities between traffic infrastructure, vehicles and drivers, the optimization of traffic lights control can be approached in novel ways. At the same time, this may introduce new unexpected dynamics in transportation systems. The authors' research aims to determine how drivers and traffic lights systems interact and influence each other when they are informed one about another's behaviour. In order to study this, the authors developed an agent based model to simulate transportation systems with static and dynamic traffic lights and drivers using information about the traffic lights behaviour. Experiments reveal that the system's performance improves when a bigger share of drivers receive information for both static and dynamic traffic lights systems. This performance improvement is due to drivers managing to avoid stopping at red light rather them adapting their speed to different distances to the traffic lights systems. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the duration of the fixed phases also influences the performance when drivers use speed recommendations. Moreover, the results show that dynamic traffic lights can produce positive effects for roads with high speed limits and high traffic intensity, while in the rest of the cases static control is better. The findings can be used for building more efficient traffic lights systems. Document type: Article
Abstract
Due to recent advanced communication possibilities between traffic infrastructure, vehicles and drivers, the optimization of traffic lights control can be approached in novel [...]
- 0
- read
Methods for evaluation of mechanical stress condition of materials
P. Chukachev, M. Mihovski, Y. Mirchev

Collection of open articles in transport research (2018). Vol. 2018, 269

Abstract
Primary attention is given to the following methods: method by drilling cylindrical holes (drill method) and integrated ultrasonic method using volume (longitudinal and transverse), surface, and sub-surface waves. Drill method allows determination of residual mechanical stress in small depth of material surfaces, assessing type, size, and orientation of principal stresses. For the first time, parallel studies are carried out of mechanical stress in materials using the electroacoustic effect of volume, surface and sub-surface waves on the one hand, and effective mechanical stresses on the other. The experimental results present electroacoustic coefficients for different types of waves in the material of gas pipeline tube of 243 mm diameter and 14 mm thickness. These are used to evaluate mechanical stresses in pipelines, according to active GOST standards. Document type: Article
Abstract
Primary attention is given to the following methods: method by drilling cylindrical holes (drill method) and integrated ultrasonic method using volume (longitudinal and transverse), [...]
- 0
- read
A Local Spatial Analysis Criterion of Post-Traumatic Brain Injury and Accessibility to Public Transportation
E. Vaz, A. Foster, M. Cusimano

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 182

Abstract
Reported cases of traumatic brain injuries are increasing among the Canadian population. With an annual rate of 187,000 reported cases a year and growing, there is an extrapolated growth of 239,000 cases of traumatic brain injuries occurring annually by 2036. As Ontario intends to be a completely accessible province for those with disabilities by 2025, this paper utilizes GIS to visualize and better understand the relationship between post- TBI residents living in Brampton and their accessibility to public transportation. As Brampton is currently the most expensive city to insure a vehicle because of frequent collisions occurring within the city, creating a more accessible, reliable, and efficient public transportation system can integrate those who have experienced a traumatic brain injury back into society while reducing the required use of a personal vehicle. This will contribute to a safer city, as there are fewer vehicles on the road at risk of being involved in a road accident. There are also further benefits to this, as it will also reduce levels of congestion in the foreseeable future. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Document type: Article
Abstract
Reported cases of traumatic brain injuries are increasing among the Canadian population. With an annual rate of 187,000 reported cases a year and growing, there is an extrapolated [...]
- 0
- read
Automated software for hydraulic simulation of pipeline operation
R. Hurgin

Collection of open articles in transport research (2018). Vol. 2018, 266

Abstract
Design of modern water supply systems of large cities as well as their management via renovation of hydraulic models poses time-consuming tasks to researchers, and coping with this task requires specific approaches. When tackling these tasks, water services companies come across a lot of information about various objects of water infrastructure, the majority of which is located underground. In those cases, modern computer-aided design systems containing various components come to help. These systems help to solve a wide array of problems using existing information regarding pipelines, analysis and optimization of their basic parameters. CAD software is becoming an integral part of water supply systems management in large cities, and its capabilities allow engineering and operating companies to not only collect all the necessary data concerning water supply systems in any given city, but also to conduct research aimed at improving various parameters of these systems, including optimization of their hydraulic properties which directly determine the quality of water. This paper contains the analysis of automated CAD software for hydraulic design and management of city water supply systems in order to provide safe and efficient operation of these water supply systems. Authors select the most suitable software that might be used to provide hydraulic compatibility of old and new sections of water supply ring mains after selective or continuous draw-in renovation and decrease in diameter of distribution networks against the background of water consumption decrease in the cities. Document type: Article
Abstract
Design of modern water supply systems of large cities as well as their management via renovation of hydraulic models poses time-consuming tasks to researchers, and coping [...]
- 0
- read
Simplified Ultrasonic Damage Detection in Fluid-Filled Pipes
M. Golombok, B. Vogelaar, B. Vogelaar

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 181

Abstract
The location and extent of damage in a pipe can be remotely determined from weld and internal damage reflections using a single acoustic emitter/sensor pair. The use of normalised reflections yields single numbers enabling long distance data collection techniques such as wireless hopping. The attenuation is twice as high for opposite inner and outer fluids (whether air and water, or water and air) as compared to identical inner and outer fluids. The absolute recorded signals in the water-filled pipe are attenuated by a factor two compared to the empty pipe. The axial length of detection is reduced by a half. The reduction of "90% in sensors and the longer axial detection ("10\\(\\times \\) current state-of- the-art- technology) means that permanent fixed sensor pairs for whole pipelines are on the horizon of possibility. The greatest advantage is envisioned in submersed pipelines. Document type: Article
Abstract
The location and extent of damage in a pipe can be remotely determined from weld and internal damage reflections using a single acoustic emitter/sensor pair. The use of normalised [...]
- 0
- read
New Training Schemes for The Future Education in Railway Sector
J. Mašek, D. Sitányiová

Collection of open articles in transport research (2018). Vol. 2018, 265

Abstract
Railway transport is a sector that is rapidly developing, changing and being influenced to the maximum extent by the technological development and innovation, among others, thus facing problems in staffing its several domains with appropriate and qualified personnel. This fact, makes the need for changes in training and education of future transport professionals. SKILLFUL project vision is to identify the skills and competences needed by the transport workforce of the future and define the training methods and tools to meet them. Paper focuses on mid-term results of the project, with special focus on railway transport. Document type: Article
Abstract
Railway transport is a sector that is rapidly developing, changing and being influenced to the maximum extent by the technological development and innovation, among others, [...]
- 0
- read
CFD Simulation of Pipeline Transport Properties of Mine Tailings Three-Phase Foam Slurry Backfill
Q. Chen, X. Shi, Y. Gou, J. Zhou, X. Chen

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 180

Abstract
three-dimensional backfill pipeline transport model is developed using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique, which is applied to study the pipeline transport properties of three-phase foam slurry backfill (TFSB). Based on rheological property tests and CFD simulations, the foam phase, pressure, and velocity in the pipeline system are investigated using the CFD mixture method for different bubble volume fractions and bubble diameters. The simulation results indicate that TFSB can maintain a steady state during pipeline transport, experience a markedly reduced pipeline transport resistance, and exhibit better liquidity than conventional cement slurry. Furthermore, as the bubble volume fraction increases, the resistance of the pipeline decreases and the fluidity improves. By contrast, the bubble diameter has little effect on the transport properties of TFSB. The combined results of CFD simulations, slump tests, and strength tests indicate that, when the bubble volume fraction is 15–20 vol %, TFSB can satisfy the necessary strength requirements and exhibit self-flowing transport. The CFD technique provides an intuitive and accurate basis for pipeline transport research and has the potential for wider application in studies of mine backfill. Document type: Article
Abstract
three-dimensional backfill pipeline transport model is developed using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique, which is applied to study the pipeline transport properties [...]
- 0
- read
Investigation of the motion processes of wastewater in sewerage of high-rise buildings
V. Pomogaeva, D. Prokofiev, T. Narezhnaya, L. Metechko

Collection of open articles in transport research (2018). Vol. 2018, 261

Abstract
When designing, constructing and operating sewage pipelines in high-rise buildings, issues of failure-free operation of a network arise. Investigation of the processes of wastewater moving allows identifying problem areas during operation, assessing the possibility of obstructions and breakdowns of plumbing traps on the gravity drainage sections of the pipeline. The article performs the schemes of the water outflow from the floor sewer into the riser, including the places where the riser is bent, of air delivery to the working riser under the change of the direction of drain movement with the dropout line set-up, with the installation of an automatic anti-vacuum valve, with the installation of the ventilation pipeline. Investigations of the process of sewage waste flow in a sewage riser were carried out, in order to select the appropriate structure. The authors consider structure features of some sections of sewerage in high-rise buildings. The exhaustion value in the riser is determined from the rarefactions that occur below the compressed cross-section of the riser and the loss of the air flow pressure coming from the atmosphere into the riser during the deflooding of the liquid. Preventing the formation of obstructions and breakdowns of plumbing traps is an integral part of sewage networks. Document type: Article
Abstract
When designing, constructing and operating sewage pipelines in high-rise buildings, issues of failure-free operation of a network arise. Investigation of the processes of [...]
- 0
- read
A Novel Method for Predicting Vehicle State in Internet of Vehicles
Y. Liu, D. Cheng, Y. Wang, J. Cheng, S. Gao

Collection of open articles in transport research (2018). Vol. 2018, 260

Abstract
In the fields of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and Internet of Vehicles (IoV), predicting the vehicle state is essential, including the ego vehicle’s position, velocity, and acceleration. In ADAS, an early position prediction helps to avoid traffic accidents. In IoV, the vehicle state prediction is essential for the required calculation of the expected reliable communication time between two vehicles. Many approaches have emerged to perform this vehicle state prediction. However, such approaches consider limited information of the ego vehicle and its surroundings, and they may not be very effective in practice because the real situation is highly complex and complicated. Moreover, some of the approaches often lead to a delayed prediction time due to collecting and calculating the substantial history information. By assuming that the driver is a robot driver, which eliminates distinct driving behaviors of different persons when facing the same situation, this paper creates a decision tree as a new quick and reliable method adapted to all road segments, and it proposes a new method to perform the vehicle state prediction based on this decision tree. Document type: Article
Abstract
In the fields of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and Internet of Vehicles (IoV), predicting the vehicle state is essential, including the ego vehicle’s position, [...]
- 0
- read
Using Latent Semantic Analysis to Identify Research Trends in OpenStreetMap
H. Rai, S. Sehra, J. Singh

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 179

Abstract
OpenStreetMap (OSM), based on collaborative mapping, has become a subject of great interest to the academic community, resulting in a considerable body of literature produced by many researchers. In this paper, we use Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) to help identify the emerging research trends in OSM. An extensive corpus of 485 academic abstracts of papers published during the period 2007–2016 was used. Five core research areas and fifty research trends were identified in this study. In addition, potential future research directions have been provided to aid geospatial information scientists, technologists and researchers in undertaking future OSM research. Document type: Article
Abstract
OpenStreetMap (OSM), based on collaborative mapping, has become a subject of great interest to the academic community, resulting in a considerable body of literature produced [...]
- 0
- read
Differential Evaluation of Crew Functional Effectiveness
V. Feofanovs

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 178

Abstract
"jats:p"The aim of this article is the development of the system and methodology of complex control and evaluation of vehicle operators performance during multifunctional simulation. In order to achieve the above-stated aim it is necessary to solve the following principal tasks: to elaborate a theoretical model of differentiated evaluation of vehicle operator training degree according to different kinds of their functional performance; to develop the method of the differential evaluation of crew performance on full-scale aviation simulators with due consideration of the probabilistic approach on the basis of statistical processing of the data of recorded flight information. The offered theoretical model of the differential evaluation of operator performance and the methodology of standards determination developed on its basis represent a new approach to the creation of automated systems for the objective evaluation of the trainees’ qualification degree. The elaborated system of differential evaluation standards ensures a high degree of objectiveness when evaluating the degree of the vehicle operator qualification and makes it possible to carry out a comparative analysis of the operators’ qualification. Document type: Article
Abstract
"jats:p"The aim of this article is the development of the system and methodology of complex control and evaluation of vehicle operators performance during multifunctional [...]
- 0
- read
A Survey on PEV Charging Infrastructure: Impact Assessment and Planning
W. Zhuang, A. Abdalrahman

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 176

Abstract
Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) represent a huge step forward in a green transportation system, contribute in reduction of greenhouse gas emission, and reduce the dependence on fossil fuel. Integration of PEVs into the electric power system will result in a considerable addition to electricity demand. Due to PEV mobility, this demand has a random distribution in space and time among distribution system nodes. Therefore, short term forecast of PEV charging demand is more challenging than that for conventional loads. Assessment of PEV impacts on the power system is essential to mitigate the impairments from PEV loads. Optimal planning of PEV charging infrastructure will promote the penetration rate of PEVs and minimize the negative impacts of PEVs on the electric power distribution system and transportation road network. Design of charging facilities with integrated distributed energy resources (DER) is considered a solution to alleviate strain on the grid, reduce the integration cost with the distribution network and the charging cost. In this paper, we present a comprehensive literature survey on modelling of PEV charging demand, impact assessment approaches and tools, and charging infrastructure planning. Moreover, an overview on charging facility design with integrated DER is given. Some future research directions are identified. Document type: Article
Abstract
Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) represent a huge step forward in a green transportation system, contribute in reduction of greenhouse gas emission, and reduce the dependence [...]
- 0
- read
A multifunctional battery module design for electric vehicle
L. Zhu, X. Chen, Y. Qiao, Y. Shi, Y. Zhong, F. Hao, D. Noelle, M. Wang, A. Le

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 174

Abstract
Reducing the overall vehicle weight is an efficient, system-level approach to increase the drive range of electric vehicle, for which structural parts in auto-frame may be replaced by battery modules. Such battery modules must be structurally functional, e.g., energy absorbing, while the battery cells are not necessarily loading–carrying. We designed and tested a butterfly-shaped battery module of prismatic cells, which could self-unfold when subjected to a compressive loading. Angle guides and frictionless joints were employed to facilitate the large deformation. Desired resistance to external loading was offered by additional energy absorption elements. The battery-module behavior and the battery-cell performance were controlled separately. Numerical simulation verified the experimental results. Document type: Article
Abstract
Reducing the overall vehicle weight is an efficient, system-level approach to increase the drive range of electric vehicle, for which structural parts in auto-frame may be [...]
- 0
- read
Analytical Modeling Tool for Design of Hydrocarbon Sensitive Optical Fibers
L. Lawand, K. Handawi, N. Vahdati, O. Shiryayev

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 173

Abstract
Pipelines are the main transportation means for oil and gas products across large distances. Due to the severe conditions they operate in, they are regularly inspected using conventional Pipeline Inspection Gages (PIGs) for corrosion damage. The motivation for researching a real-time distributed monitoring solution arose to mitigate costs and provide a proactive indication of potential failures. Fiber optic sensors with polymer claddings provide a means of detecting contact with hydrocarbons. By coating the fibers with a layer of metal similar in composition to that of the parent pipeline, corrosion of this coating may be detected when the polymer cladding underneath is exposed to the surrounding hydrocarbons contained within the pipeline. A Refractive Index (RI) change occurs in the polymer cladding causing a loss in intensity of a traveling light pulse due to a reduction in the fiber’s modal capacity. Intensity losses may be detected using Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) while pinpointing the spatial location of the contact via time delay calculations of the back-scattered pulses. This work presents a theoretical model for the above sensing solution to provide a design tool for the fiber optic cable in the context of hydrocarbon sensing following corrosion of an external metal coating. Results are verified against the experimental data published in the literature. Document type: Article
Abstract
Pipelines are the main transportation means for oil and gas products across large distances. Due to the severe conditions they operate in, they are regularly inspected using [...]
- 0
- read
Method for Determining Volumetric Efficiency and Its Experimental Validation
P. Łagowski, A. Ambrozik, D. Kurczyński

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 172

Abstract
"jats:p"Modern means of transport are basically powered by piston internal combustion engines. Increasingly rigorous demands are placed on IC engines in order to minimise the detrimental impact they have on the natural environment. That stimulates the development of research on piston internal combustion engines. The research involves experimental and theoretical investigations carried out using computer technologies. While being filled, the cylinder is considered to be an open thermodynamic system, in which non-stationary processes occur. To make calculations of thermodynamic parameters of the engine operating cycle, based on the comparison of cycles, it is necessary to know the mean constant value of cylinder pressure throughout this process. Because of the character of in-cylinder pressure pattern and difficulties in pressure experimental determination, in the present paper, a novel method for the determination of this quantity was presented. In the new approach, the iteration method was used. In the method developed for determining the volumetric efficiency, the following equations were employed: the law of conservation of the amount of substance, the first law of thermodynamics for open system, dependences for changes in the cylinder volume vs. the crankshaft rotation angle, and the state equation. The results of calculations performed with this method were validated by means of experimental investigations carried out for a selected engine at the engine test bench. A satisfactory congruence of computational and experimental results as regards determining the volumetric efficiency was obtained. The method for determining the volumetric efficiency presented in the paper can be used to investigate the processes taking place in the cylinder of an IC engine. Document type: Article
Abstract
"jats:p"Modern means of transport are basically powered by piston internal combustion engines. Increasingly rigorous demands are placed on IC engines in order to minimise [...]
- 0
- read
Expanding the Possibilities of AIS Data with Heuristics
B. Asbjornslett, B. Smestad, Ø. Rødseth

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 171

Abstract
utomatic Identification System (AIS) is primarily used as a tracking system for ships, but with the launch of satellites to collect these data, new and previously untested possibilities are emerging. This paper presents the development of heuristics for establishing the specific ship type using information retrieved from AIS data alone. These heuristics expand the possibilities of AIS data, as the specific ship type is vital for several transportation research cases, such as emission analyses of ship traffic and studies on slow steaming. The presented method for developing heuristics can be used for a wider range of vessels. These heuristics may form the basis of large-scale studies on ship traffic using AIS data when it is not feasible or desirable to use commercial ship data registers. The Transnav - International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-NC), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For licence details please see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0 Document type: Article
Abstract
utomatic Identification System (AIS) is primarily used as a tracking system for ships, but with the launch of satellites to collect these data, new and previously untested [...]
- 0
- read
Process analysis transit of municipal waste. Part I - International provisions of law
D. Starkowski, P. Bardziński

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 170

Abstract
"jats:p" One of the crucial reasons of the system changes of waste management in our legal system in Poland was a need to implement solutions and mechanisms that are applied in the European Union. At the European Union law level, a Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives constitutes a basic legal document described in this part of the article. The essential idea of the quoted directive is creating legal measures, promotion of eliminating waste production and treating it as a source instead. Achievement of these assumptions requires providing segregation at source and recycling of the main waste streams above all. It is necessary to encourage this action and support the reuse of products and waste utilization. Indicated international legal instruments are of primary importance for internal rules, which shall be constructed in a way that enables the achievement of goals determined by the EU law. Legal-organizational internal systems associated with the management of waste have undergone substantial changes from 2010. National legal provisions will be presented in the second part of the article. Document type: Article
Abstract
"jats:p" One of the crucial reasons of the system changes of waste management in our legal system in Poland was a need to implement solutions and mechanisms that are applied [...]
- 0
- read
Investigating the effect of weather on punctuality of Norwegian railways: a case study of the Nordland Line
N. Olsson, G. Zakeri

Collection of open articles in transport research (2018). Vol. 2018, 254

Abstract
The overall punctuality of the railway system is of particular importance for customers in order to use trains as a means of public transport. Investigating the drivers of low punctuality of trains is an essential step for improving their punctuality. Severe weather conditions are assumed to be one of the drivers of delays and low punctuality of the transportation system. This paper addresses the extent to which the weather factors such as temperature, snow, precipitation and wind influence the punctuality of trains on the Norwegian railways. The data for the study are collected from the passenger trains on the Nordland Line. The study period is 10 years, from the beginning of 2007 to the end of 2016. Data are analysed on a daily and weekly basis, and correlation and regression analyses are used to perform the statistical analysis. The results show that extreme cold weather during the winters is a crucial influencing factor contributing to delays and low punctuality. We also found that the weather variable that best explains variations in punctuality of passenger trains on this line is snow depth. © The Author(s) 2018 Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Document type: Article
Abstract
The overall punctuality of the railway system is of particular importance for customers in order to use trains as a means of public transport. Investigating the drivers of [...]
- 0
- read
Assessment of the Capacity of Roads Weaving Segments
I. Mahdalova, J. Petru, V. Krivda

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 168

Abstract
"jats:p" Driving style is affected by development of cars and it has influence on the capacity of designed elements of roads and highways. Therefore, based on research, more accurate methods for assessing the capacity of road infrastructure are being developed. This paper presents the results of the research of weaving segments. It is focused on capacity assessment of these sections within the Czech Republic. Attention is focused especially on weaving segments in urban conditions with high traffic volume and on road sections with a speed limit less than 80 km per hour. Research verified the possibility of using these purposes by existing methodology developed for roads with a speed limit up to 80 km per hour. Document type: Article
Abstract
"jats:p" Driving style is affected by development of cars and it has influence on the capacity of designed elements of roads and highways. Therefore, based on research, more [...]
- 0
- read
An EMD–SARIMA-Based Modeling Approach for Air Traffic Forecasting
W. Nai, L. Liu, S. Wang, D. Dong

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 166

Abstract
The ever-increasing air traffic demand in China has brought huge pressure on the planning and management of, and investment in, air terminals as well as airline companies. In this context, accurate and adequate short-term air traffic forecasting is essential for the operations of those entities. In consideration of such a problem, a hybrid air traffic forecasting model based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and seasonal auto regressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) has been proposed in this paper. The model proposed decomposes the original time series into components at first, and models each component with the SARIMA forecasting model, then integrates all the models together to form the final combined forecast result. By using the monthly air cargo and passenger flow data from the years 2006 to 2014 available at the official website of the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC), the effectiveness in forecasting of the model proposed has been demonstrated, and by a horizontal performance comparison between several other widely used forecasting models, the advantage of the proposed model has also been proved. Document type: Article
Abstract
The ever-increasing air traffic demand in China has brought huge pressure on the planning and management of, and investment in, air terminals as well as airline companies. [...]
- 0
- read
Consensus-Based Cooperative Control Based on Pollution Sensing and Traffic Information for Urban Traffic Networks
R. Haber, A. Artuñedo, R. Toro

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 165

Abstract
Nowadays many studies are being conducted to develop solutions for improving the performance of urban traffic networks. One of the main challenges is the necessary cooperation among different entities such as vehicles or infrastructure systems and how to exploit the information available through networks of sensors deployed as infrastructures for smart cities. In this work an algorithm for cooperative control of urban subsystems is proposed to provide a solution for mobility problems in cities. The interconnected traffic lights controller ("i"TLC"/i") network adapts traffic lights cycles, based on traffic and air pollution sensory information, in order to improve the performance of urban traffic networks. The presence of air pollution in cities is not only caused by road traffic but there are other pollution sources that contribute to increase or decrease the pollution level. Due to the distributed and heterogeneous nature of the different components involved, a system of systems engineering approach is applied to design a consensus-based control algorithm. The designed control strategy contains a consensus-based component that uses the information shared in the network for reaching a consensus in the state of "i"TLC"/i" network components. Discrete event systems specification is applied for modelling and simulation. The proposed solution is assessed by simulation studies with very promising results to deal with simultaneous responses to both pollution levels and traffic flows in urban traffic networks. Authors wish to thank the support given by the project IoSENSE: Flexible FE/BE Sensor Pilot Line for the Internet of Everything, funded by the Electronic Component Systems for European Leadership Joint (ECSEL) Undertaking under grant agreement No 692480.This work has been also supported by MINECO (Spain) through the project RTC-2015-3942-4 TCAP: Auto. Moreover, Raúl M. del Toro acknowledges the financial support received from MINECO through grant “Juan de la Cierva-incorporación”, code IJCI-2014-20169. We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI). Document type: Article
Abstract
Nowadays many studies are being conducted to develop solutions for improving the performance of urban traffic networks. One of the main challenges is the necessary cooperation [...]
- 0
- read
Traffic congestion analysis using travel time ratio and degree of saturation on road sections in Palembang, Bandung, Yogyakarta, and Surakarta
I. Imanuel, B. Susilo

Collection of open articles in transport research (2018). Vol. 2018, 250

Abstract
Traffic performance have been measured based on degree of saturation, velocity, travel time, and delays. However, they weren’t enough to measure the traffic fluctuation that happen on normal days. This study aims to develop some modified analysis about traffic congestion based on the degree of saturation (DS) and travel time ratio (TTR). The travel time ratio is defined as a ratio between the travel time at peak hour and the travel time at off-peak hour in a certain road section. Traffic congestion conditions are classified into 4 categories: Peak-hour Congestion, Lengthy Congestion, Momentary Congestion, and Smooth Traffic. Based on survey results on road sections in Palembang, Bandung, Yogyakarta, and Surakarta, it can be concluded that peak-hour congestion occurs when TTR > 1,40 and DS > 0,75, lengthy congestion occurs when TTR < 1,40 and DS > 0,75, momentary congestion occurs when TTR > 1,40 and DS < 0,75, and smooth traffic when TTR < 1,40 and DS < 0,75. Document type: Article
Abstract
Traffic performance have been measured based on degree of saturation, velocity, travel time, and delays. However, they weren’t enough to measure the traffic fluctuation [...]
- 0
- read
Towards Sustainable Urban Transportation in Ghana: Exploring Adults’ Intention to Adopt Cycling to Work Using Theory of Planned Behaviour and Structural Equation Modelling
R. Acheampong

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 164

Abstract
Cycling is considered an environmentally-friendly mode of transport that offers many personal benefits including health, affordability and flexibility of travel. To encourage more people to cycle, especially in contexts where cycle ownership and ridership is considerably low, requires understanding the underlying motivations and barriers to cycling. This study models the behavioural influences of individuals’ (N = 348) intended adoption of cycling to work in the Kumasi metropolis in Ghana, West Africa. It deploys the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to explore the extent to which socio-psychological constructs namely; Attitude, perceived behavioural (PBC) and subjective norm (SN) influence intended adoption of cycling as work travel mode. The influence of participants’ perception of their physical environment as well as their personal characteristics, cycling history and bicycle ownership are also examined. Results of an SEM analysis showed that among the TPB constructs, PBC (i.e. perception of self-confidence, personal control and ease of cycling) had the strongest positive and direct effect on participants’ intention to cycle to work. Negative associations were found between attitude and SN and SN and PBC, suggesting that belief about the prestige of cycling relative to other modes, and approval of society and significant others of cycling, influenced perception of control and confidence as well as attitude with respect to cycling. Also, participants’ perception of their environment including traffic-lights, traffic volume and congestion, as well as bicycle ownership and frequency of use, increased intended adoption of cycling. Finally, being female decreased the likelihood of intended cycling adoption. Cycling promotion interventions could be anchored on people’s already strong perceived control and confidence to cycle while addressing negative perceptions and attitudes towards cycling as a mainstream transport mode. Document type: Article
Abstract
Cycling is considered an environmentally-friendly mode of transport that offers many personal benefits including health, affordability and flexibility of travel. To encourage [...]
- 0
- read
ON A FAIR MANIFOLD FARE RATING ON A LONG TRAFFIC LINE
T. Majer, S. Paluch

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 163

Abstract
The paper studies the possibilities to design a fair manifold tariff on a long traffic line. If a single tariff is used on a long bus or railway line, passengers travelling long distances are favoured at the expense of those travelling short distances. The fairest approach to tariff is setting an individual tariff for every origin–destination relation of line stops that expresses real travel costs. However, sometimes the individual tariff is too complicated and is therefore replaced by double-, triple- or manifold tariff. This paper shows how to design a manifold tariff in order to minimize unfairness to passengers. Document type: Article
Abstract
The paper studies the possibilities to design a fair manifold tariff on a long traffic line. If a single tariff is used on a long bus or railway line, passengers travelling [...]
- 0
- read
Geospatial Analysis of Earthquake Damage Probability of Water Pipelines Due to Multi-Hazard Failure
M. Modiri, M. Nekooie, M. Eskandari, B. Omidvar, A. Alesheikh

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 162

Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to develop a Geospatial Information System (GIS) model with the ability to assess the seismic damage to pipelines for two well-known hazards, including ground shaking and ground failure simultaneously. The model that is developed and used in this study includes four main parts of database implementation, seismic hazard analysis, vulnerability assessment and seismic damage assessment to determine the pipeline’s damage probability. This model was implemented for main water distribution pipelines of Iran and tested for two different earthquake scenarios. The final damage probability of pipelines was estimated to be about 74% for water distribution pipelines of Mashhad including 40% and 34% for leak and break, respectively. In the next step, the impact of each earthquake input parameter on this model was extracted, and each of the three parameters had a huge impact on changing the results of pipelines’ damage probability. Finally, the dependency of the model in liquefaction susceptibility, landslide susceptibility, vulnerability functions and segment length was checked out and specified that the model is sensitive just to liquefaction susceptibility and vulnerability functions. Document type: Article
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to develop a Geospatial Information System (GIS) model with the ability to assess the seismic damage to pipelines for two well-known hazards, [...]
- 0
- read
Smart Cities: Transport Challenges of the Macedonian Capital City
N. Koltovska, J. Bogdanoska

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 161

Abstract
"jats:p"Smart City as a concept presupposes using new information and communication technologies in order to improve the quality of life within a particular geographic area. There are six different pillars in the frame of this concept and their one purpose is to achieve better efficiency of city operations. Smart mobility and transport are some of them. The efforts of traditional cities to become smart are not easily and quickly achievable. Numerous traffic solutions have already been implemented in different cities all over the world that make the ‘jump’ from traditional city to smart city. This paper provides an overview of the ‘smart’ transport solutions that have been implemented in the city of Skopje as a traditional city, which is on its way to becoming a smart city."/jats:p" "jats:p"The presented smart solutions are related to traffic management and control area and are aimed at alleviating traffic problems. The focus is on non-motorized solutions, e-vehicles, adaptive traffic control systems and public transport solutions. Several aims have been set in this paper – to promote the achievements of the municipality of Skopje aimed at transforming Skopje into a smart city in a transport area; to present its functionality, and to point out the disadvantages related to law regulations and the interconnection of all stakeholders involved. Finally, the idea is to provide a starting point for future research and to recommend future steps in this direction in the city of Skopje. Document type: Article
Abstract
"jats:p"Smart City as a concept presupposes using new information and communication technologies in order to improve the quality of life within a particular geographic area. [...]
- 0
- read
Damage to plastic pipelines and its consequences
B. Przybyła, B. Nienartowicz

Collection of open articles in transport research (2018). Vol. 2018, 239

Abstract
The paper will present the issue of damage to plastic pipelines - especially thermoplastic ones, while also considering the aspect of testing their technical condition using standard diagnostic tools. The results of the strength analysis for the effects of local overheating of the sewage pipe wall - as an effect of inflow of sewage with a high temperature, will also be presented. Document type: Article
Abstract
The paper will present the issue of damage to plastic pipelines - especially thermoplastic ones, while also considering the aspect of testing their technical condition using [...]
- 0
- read
Cost of Capital Estimation for Highway Concessionaires in Chile
N. Riveros, J. Sepúlveda-Rojas, M. Alfaro, C. Vergara-Novoa

Collection of open articles in transport research (2018). Vol. 2018, 236

Abstract
In this paper, we present the cost of capital estimation for highway concessionaires in Chile. We estimated the cost of equity and the cost of debt and determined the capital structure for each one of twenty-four concessionaires that operate highways. We based our estimations on the developments of Sharpe (1964), Modigliani and Miller (1958), and Maquieira (2009), which were also compared with the Brusov et al. (2015) developments. We collected stock prices for different highway concessionaires around the world from Google Finance and Reuters’ websites in order to determine the Beta of equity using a representative company. After that, we estimated the cost of equity considering Hamada (1969) and a Capital Asset Pricing Model. Then, we estimated the cost of capital using the cost of debt and the capital structure of Chile’s highway concessionaires. With all above, we were able to determine the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) for highway concessions which ranges from 5.49 to 6.62%. Document type: Article
Abstract
In this paper, we present the cost of capital estimation for highway concessionaires in Chile. We estimated the cost of equity and the cost of debt and determined the capital [...]
- 0
- read
European cyclists' travel behavior: Differences and similarities between seven European (PASTA) cities
N. Mueller, A. Clark, A. Standaert, I. Avila-Palencia, S. Kahlmeier, D. Rojas-Rueda, E. Anaya-Boig, E. Stigell, T. Götschi, M. Nieuwenhuijsen, A. Castro, C. Brand, U. Eriksson, M. Laeremans, M. Gaupp-Berghausen, J. Orjuela, E. Dons, R. Gerike, E. Raser, L. Panis

Collection of open articles in transport research (2018). Vol. 2018, 235

Abstract
Background The number of trips of the average urban inhabitant per year has grown steadily in recent years – but we are actually moving (our bodies) less. Every day, millions of trips are made by car (where 50% of these are less than 5 km) or other motorised private vehicles as well as with public transport, while only a small percentage of trips are made by active modes, such as cycling and walking. This lack of physical activity causes major health problems for individuals and great economic costs for society as a whole. To reverse these negative impacts the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate physical activity per week (e.g. 30 minutes 5 times per week). Replacing short motorized trips can feasibly increase physical activity in everyday life. Methods PASTA “Physical Activity trough sustainable transport approaches” collected data in a longitudinal web-based survey with a cohort design to study the effects of active mobility on overall physical activity and health. The target population for the survey was the entire adult population in 7 European Cities. In total, more than 12.000 people participated in the survey with half of them filling in valid travel diaries on actual trips on a regular basis. Results Differences in sociodemographics and travel behaviour of cyclists in the seven cities will be shown in the paper. Preliminary results reveal that more than 2.000 participants from the total sample can be identified as regular cyclists (reported in their trip diaries) with an average age of 40 years. Most of them are highly educated and full time employed. In comparison to non-regular cyclists, the share of female is lower; however the share of people who have a driving licence and who have at least sometimes access to a car is higher within the group of cyclists. About 85% of regular cyclists reach at least 30 cycling-minutes per reported day. This indicates that a high share of regular cyclists can reach the WHO´s recommended level only by routine cycling trips. Further the threshold of reaching the minimum recommendation by cycling will be analysed between the cities. Conclusions In this study, we compare cyclists and their travel behaviour in seven European cities. Our first results indicate, that cycling as a mean of transport can help reach the WHO’s physical activity recommendations and including physical activity into daily life without much of extra effort. Document type: Article
Abstract
Background The number of trips of the average urban inhabitant per year has grown steadily in recent years – but we are actually moving (our bodies) less. Every day, millions [...]
- 0
- read
KASTOR – A VEHICLE AND CREW SCHEDULING SYSTEM FOR REGULAR BUS PASSENGER TRANSPORT
T. Majer, S. Paluch

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 159

Abstract
Summary. The challenge in vehicle and crew scheduling is to arrange a given set of bus trips into running boards while minimizing certain objectives and complying with a given set of constraints. This scheduling was solved several tens years ago manually by a dispatcher who used his skill, experience, knowledge of history, and intuition. This attitude worked quite well in small instances but could not be applied in larger ones. Development of computers brought opportunities to build computerized vehicle and crew optimization systems. This paper describes a computer system KASTOR developed for vehicle and crew optimization, which complies with the special requirements of Czech and Slovak bus providers, and is significantly different from those in some west European countries. Document type: Article
Abstract
Summary. The challenge in vehicle and crew scheduling is to arrange a given set of bus trips into running boards while minimizing certain objectives and complying with a given [...]
- 0
- read
Perencanaan Integrasi Transportasi Antarmoda Dalam Pembangunan Bandar Udara (Studi Kasus: Pembangunan Bandar Udara di Kertajati)
D. Kusumawati

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 158

Abstract
Bandar udara merupakan infrastruktur vital di suatu wilayah. Bandar udara akan meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi, selain mendukung konektivitas antar wilayah. Perencanaan integrasi transportasi antarmoda menjadi hal yang perlu diperhatikan oleh perencana bandar udara sejak awal pembangunan bandar udara untuk mempercepat pengoperasian bandar udara serta menghindari adanya permasalahan di kemudian hari. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menginterpretasikan konsep perencanaan integrasi transportasi antarmoda yang dapat diimplementasikan di Indonesia khususnya infrastruktur bandar udara berdasarkan dari pengalaman negara lain. Studi ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yaitu tinjauan pustaka dan analisis perbandingan. Hasil dari studi ini adalah Indonesia dapat belajar dari kesuksesan negara lain seperti Jerman dalam perencanaan integrasi transportasi antarmoda di bandar udara berdasarkan beberapa aspek integrasi seperti organisasi, operasional, fisik, dan motif. Mewujudkan sistem transportasi yang berkesinambungan dari dan ke bandar udara akan menarik permintaan masyarakat yang lebih tinggi untuk menggunakan bandar udara di Kertajati. [Intermodal Transportation Integration Planning in Airport Development (Case Study: Airport Development in Kertajati)] An airport is the vital infrastructure in a region. Airport will increase the economic growth, besides supporting inter-regional connectivity. Intermodal transportation integration planning should be considered by airport planner since the beginning of airport development time in order to fasten airport operation and to avoid problems in the future. The purpose of this study is to interpret intermodal transportation integration planning concept that can be implemented in Indonesia spesifically for airport infrastructure regarding to the experiences from other country. This study uses qualitative method through literature review and comparative analysis. The result of this study is that Indonesia can learn from the successful of other country like Germany in intermodal transportation integration planning in airport based on some integration aspects like organizational, operational, physical, and motives. Realizing seamless transportation system from and to the aiport will attract the higher people demand for using airport in Kertajati. Document type: Article
Abstract
Bandar udara merupakan infrastruktur vital di suatu wilayah. Bandar udara akan meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi, selain mendukung konektivitas antar wilayah. Perencanaan integrasi [...]
- 0
- read
Analysis of the impact of pump system control on pressure gradients during emergency leaks in pipelines
M. Dziubiński, J. Sowiński

Collection of open articles in transport research (2018). Vol. 2018, 232

Abstract
The impact of a pump control system on the recorded pressure values along the pipeline during emergency leaks is discussed in the paper. A comparison was made for the designed experimental installation with a length of 1100 m and a diameter of DN 63 mm. The calculations were made using the Epanet 2 program. Results of the performed calculations prove that apart from a detailed description of hydraulic parameters of the pipeline on the size of emergency leaks from the pipeline, it is also important to properly describe the pump control system. Document type: Article
Abstract
The impact of a pump control system on the recorded pressure values along the pipeline during emergency leaks is discussed in the paper. A comparison was made for the designed [...]
- 0
- read
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF ROAD TRANSPORT IN A PASSENGER CAR USING THE LIFE CYCLE APPROACH
P. Folęga, D. Burchart-Korol

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 157

Abstract
Environmental issues are an increasingly important aspect of management in the transport sector; new methods have been developed for assessment of the environment in the transport sector using the life cycle approach. The paper presents the application of Well to Wheel (WTW) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in the transport sector. The WTW method focuses on energy analysis and greenhouse gas emissions during the life cycle of fuels. WTW is used to support decision-making on the environmental aspects of transport, particularly with regard to fuel life cycle management, but this method omits important stages in the life cycle, particularly the ones regarding important circular economy guidelines such as reduction of natural resource consumption, impact on human health, etc. The LCA method provides a much broader approach to environmental assessment than WTW. LCA takes into consideration environmental impact in the whole life cycle of the vehicle, from the stage of production, through the period of exploitation, and finally its disposal. Document type: Article
Abstract
Environmental issues are an increasingly important aspect of management in the transport sector; new methods have been developed for assessment of the environment in the transport [...]
- 0
- read
Calculation Method for Load Capacity of Urban Rail Transit Station considering Cascading Failure
J. Huang, F. Zhou, M. Xi

Collection of open articles in transport research (2018). Vol. 2018, 227

Abstract
The load capacity of urban rail transit station is of great significance to provide reference in station design and operation management. However, it is difficult to carry out quantitative calculation quickly and accurately due to the complex interaction among passenger behaviors, facility layout, and the limit capacity of single facility. In this paper, the association network of facilities is set up based on the analysis of passenger service chain in station. Then the concept of cascading failure is introduced to the dynamic calculation model of load capacity, which is established on the user-equilibrium allocation model. The solution algorithm is optimized with node attack strategy of complex network to effectively reduce the computational complexity. Finally, a case study of Lujiabang Road Station in Shanghai is carried out and compared with the simulation results of StaPass, verifying the feasibility of this approach. The proposed method can not only search for the bottleneck of capacity, but also help to trace the loading variation of facilities network in different scenarios, providing theoretical supports on passenger flow organization. Document type: Article
Abstract
The load capacity of urban rail transit station is of great significance to provide reference in station design and operation management. However, it is difficult to carry [...]
- 0
- read
Defining Reserve Times for Metro Systems: An Analytical Approach
B. Montella, M. Gallo, L. D’Acierno, M. Botte

Collection of open articles in transport research (2018). Vol. 2018, 226

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide an analytical approach for determining operational parameters for metro systems so as to support the planning and implementation of energy-saving strategies. Indeed, one of the main targets of train operating companies is to identify and implement suitable strategies for reducing energy consumption. For this purpose, researchers and practitioners have developed energy-efficient driving profiles with the aim of optimising train motion. However, as such profiles generally entail an increase in travel times, the operating parameters in the planned timetable need to be appropriately recalibrated. Against this background, this paper develops a suitable methodology for estimating reserve times which represent the main rate of extra time needed to put ecodriving strategies in place. Our proposal is to exploit layover times (i.e., times spent by a train at the terminus waiting for the next trip) for energy-saving purposes, keeping buffer times intact in order to preserve the flexibility and robustness of the timetable in case of delays. In order to show its feasibility, the approach was applied in the case of a real metro context, whose service frequency was duly taken into account. In particular, after stochastic analysis of the parameters involved for calibrating suitable buffer times, different operating schemes were simulated by analysing the relationship between layover times, number of convoys, and feasible headway values. Finally, some operation configurations are analysed in order to quantify the amount of energy that can be saved. Document type: Article
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide an analytical approach for determining operational parameters for metro systems so as to support the planning and implementation of energy-saving [...]
- 0
- read
Collective thinking approach for improving leak detection systems
E. Abdelkader, A. Asaad, S. El-Zahab, T. Zayed

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 155

Abstract
Water mains, especially old pipelines, are consistently threatened by the formation of leaks. Leaks inherit increased direct and indirect costs and impacts on various levels such as the economic field and the environmental level. Recently, financially capable municipalities are testing acoustic early detection systems that utilize wireless noise loggers. Noise loggers would be distributed throughout the water network to detect any anomalies in the network. Loggers provide early detection via recording and analyzing acoustic signals within the network. The city of Montreal adopted one of the leak detection projects in this domain and had reported that the main issue that hinders the installed system is false alarms. False alarms consume municipality resources and funds inefficiently. Therefore, this paper aims to present a novel approach to utilize more than one data analysis and classification technique to ameliorate the leak identification process. In this research, acoustic leak signals were analyzed using Fourier Transform, and the multiple frequency bandwidths were determined. Three models were developed to identify the state of the leak using Naïve Bayes (NB), Deep Learning (DL), and Decision Tree (DT) Algorithms. Each of the developed models has an accuracy ranging between 84% to 89%. An aggregator approach was developed to cultivate the collective approaches developed into one single answer. Through aggregation, the accuracy of leak detection improved from 89% at its best to 100%. The design, implementation approach and results are displayed in this paper. Using this method helps municipalities minimize and alleviate the costs of uncertain leak verifications and efficiently allocate their resources. Document type: Article
Abstract
Water mains, especially old pipelines, are consistently threatened by the formation of leaks. Leaks inherit increased direct and indirect costs and impacts on various levels [...]
- 0
- read
Cooperative vehicles for robust traffic congestion reduction: An analysis based on algorithmic, environmental and agent behavioral factors
A. Desai, S. Loke, P. Desai

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 154

Abstract
Traffic congestion continues to be a persistent problem throughout the world. As vehicle-to-vehicle communication develops, there is an opportunity of using cooperation among close proximity vehicles to tackle the congestion problem. The intuition is that if vehicles could cooperate opportunistically when they come close enough to each other, they could, in effect, spread themselves out among alternative routes so that vehicles do not all jam up on the same roads. Our previous work proposed a decentralized multiagent based vehicular congestion management algorithm entitled Congestion Avoidance and Route Allocation using Virtual Agent Negotiation (CARAVAN), wherein the vehicles acting as intelligent agents perform cooperative route allocation using inter-vehicular communication. This paper focuses on evaluating the practical applicability of this approach by testing its robustness and performance (in terms of travel time reduction), across variations in: (a) environmental parameters such as road network topology and configuration; (b) algorithmic parameters such as vehicle agent preferences and route cost/preference multipliers; and (c) agent-related parameters such as equipped/non-equipped vehicles and compliant/non-compliant agents. Overall, the results demonstrate the adaptability and robustness of the decentralized cooperative vehicles approach to providing global travel time reduction using simple local coordination strategies. Document type: Article
Abstract
Traffic congestion continues to be a persistent problem throughout the world. As vehicle-to-vehicle communication develops, there is an opportunity of using cooperation among [...]
- 0
- read
Low-carbon transport policy in four ASEAN countries: Developments in Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam
D. Liefferink, M. Kappiantari, M. Maarseveen, N. Tuan, S. Bakker, G. Gunthawong, M. Guillen, K. Contreras, M. Zuidgeest

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 153

Abstract
Emerging countries in Southeast Asia are facing considerable challenges in addressing rising motorisation and its negative impact on air quality, traffic, energy security, liveability, and greenhouse gas emissions. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the approach and status of sustainable, low-carbon transport policy in ASEAN countries and identifies differences and similarities. The methodology is based on a taxonomy of policy components as developed by Howlett and Cashore. The data come from comprehensive country studies for Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam and interviews with policymakers. We find that each country has a specific set of goals, objectives and targets that support sustainable transport, and, directly or indirectly, climate change mitigation. In terms of specific mechanisms and calibrations, which we analyse based on the Avoid−Shift−Improve approach, there are notable differences between the countries, for example in terms of fuel economy policy. Even though an initial response to climate change mitigation challenges is visible in these countries’ transport policies, much more effort is required to enable a transition to a transport system compatible with long-term climate change and sustainable development targets. Document type: Article
Abstract
Emerging countries in Southeast Asia are facing considerable challenges in addressing rising motorisation and its negative impact on air quality, traffic, energy security, [...]
- 0
- read
Detecting Different Road Infrastructural Elements Based on the Stochastic Characterization of Speed Patterns
M. Muñoz-Organero, R. Ruiz-Blázquez

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 152

Abstract
The automatic detection of road related information using data from sensors while driving has many potential applications such as traffic congestion detection or automatic routable map generation. This paper focuses on the automatic detection of road elements based on GPS data from on-vehicle systems. A new algorithm is developed that uses the total variation distance instead of the statistical moments to improve the classification accuracy. The algorithm is validated for detecting traffic lights, roundabouts, and street-crossings in a real scenario and the obtained accuracy (0.75) improves the best results using previous approaches based on statistical moments based features (0.71). Each road element to be detected is characterized as a vector of speeds measured when a driver goes through it. We first eliminate the speed samples in congested traffic conditions which are not comparable with clear traffic conditions and would contaminate the dataset. Then, we calculate the probability mass function for the speed (in 1 m/s intervals) at each point. The total variation distance is then used to find the similarity among different points of interest (which can contain a similar road element or a different one). Finally, a k-NN approach is used for assigning a class to each unlabelled element. The research leading to these results has received funding from the “HERMES-Smart Driver” Project TIN2013-46801-C4-2-R (MINECO), funded by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), and the “Analytics Using Sensor Data for Flatcity” Project TIN2016-77158-C4-1-R (MINECO/ERDF, EU) funded by the SpanishAgencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Document type: Article
Abstract
The automatic detection of road related information using data from sensors while driving has many potential applications such as traffic congestion detection or automatic [...]
- 0
- read
A Witricity-Based High-Power Device for Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles
Z. Dai, J. Wang, M. Long, H. Hong

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 151

Abstract
In this paper, a Witricity-based high-power device is proposed for wireless charging of electric vehicles. According to the specific requirements of three-stage charging for electric vehicles, four compensation modes of the Witricity system are analyzed by the Loosely Coupled Theory among transformer coils and the Substitution Theorem in circuit theory. In addition, when combining voltage withstand levels, the current withstand capability, the switching frequency of electronic switching tubes, and the features of the resonant circuit, the series-parallel (SP) compensation mode is selected as the best compensation mode for matching the capacitor of the system. The performances of coils with different ferrite core arrangements are compared by simulations and models. The feasibility of the system is verified theoretically and the system functions are evaluated by the joint simulation of Simplorer and Maxwell. Finally, a Witricity-based high-power device is proposed as designed, and the correctness of theoretical analyses and simulation results are verified. Document type: Article
Abstract
In this paper, a Witricity-based high-power device is proposed for wireless charging of electric vehicles. According to the specific requirements of three-stage charging for [...]
- 0
- read
An Improved Single-Lane Cellular Automaton Model considering Driver’s Radical Feature
B. Ran, B. Ran, M. Yang, X. Qu, L. Li, F. Yang

Collection of open articles in transport research (2018). Vol. 2018, 220

Abstract
Traffic flow models are of vital significance to study the traffic system and reproduce typical traffic phenomena. In the process of establishing traffic flow models, human factors need to be considered particularly to enhance the performance of the models. Accordingly, a series of car-following models and cellular automaton models were proposed based on comprehensive consideration of various driving behaviors. Based on the comfortable driving (CD) model, this paper innovatively proposed an improved cellular automaton model incorporating impaired driver’s radical feature (RF). The impaired driver’s radical feature was added to the model with respect to three aspects, that is, desired speed, car-following behavior, and braking behavior. Empirical data obtained from a highway segment was used to initialize impaired driver’s radical feature distribution and calibrate the proposed model. Then, numerical simulations validated that the proposed improved model can well reproduce the traffic phenomena, as shown by the fundamental diagram and space-time diagram. Also, in low-density state, it can be found that the RF model is superior to the CD model in simulating the speed difference characteristics, where the average speed difference of adjacent vehicles for RF model is more consistent with reality. The result also discussed the potential impact of impaired drivers on rear-end collisions. It should be noted that this study is an early stage work to evaluate the existence of impaired driving behavior. Document type: Article
Abstract
Traffic flow models are of vital significance to study the traffic system and reproduce typical traffic phenomena. In the process of establishing traffic flow models, human [...]
- 0
- read
Mathematical model and regulation of the two interconnected vessels
S. Geraščenko

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 150

Abstract
This article is about practical approach to the problem of cascade level-flow control and temperature regulation. PI-controller designing practices for level-flow cascade control system are explained in this article. Heat exchange model between reservoirs, optimal control of temperature in the reservoir and finding of heater switch-over time are considered as well. Main purpose of such model is to explain temperature regulation method simultaneously with level regulation in the reservoir. Article in English. Dviejų tarpusavyje sujungtų rezervuarų matematinis modelis ir valdymas Santrauka Straipsnyje sprendžiama kaskadinio tėkmės lygio valdymo ir temperatūros reguliavimo tarp dviejų sujungtų rezervuarų problema. Pateikiami PI valdiklio kūrimo metodas skysčio tėkmės lygiui valdyti, šilumos mainų tarp dviejų rezervuarų modelis, temperatūros valdymo šildytuvo veikimo laiko paieškos algoritmai. Pagrindinė darbo idėja – paaiškinti, kaip reguliuoti temperatūrą, tuo pačiu metu reguliuojant skysčio tėkmės lygį. Reikšminiai žodžiai: kaskadinio valdymo sistema, tėkmės lygio ir temperatūros reguliavimas, optimalus valdymas, vamzdynai. Document type: Article
Abstract
This article is about practical approach to the problem of cascade level-flow control and temperature regulation. PI-controller designing practices for level-flow cascade [...]
- 0
- read
Analysis of CO2 transmission pipelines for CO2 enhanced oil recovery networks: gas field X to oil field Y
F. Jatmoko, E. Kusrini

Collection of open articles in transport research (2018). Vol. 2018, 216

Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the CO"jats:sub"2"/jats:sub" transmission pipeline from gas field X to oil field Y by comparing alternative routes, CO"jats:sub"2"/jats:sub" phases, design parameters, equipment used and economic aspects, with the objective of identifying the most efficient transmission system. The 100 MSCFD of CO"jats:sub"2"/jats:sub" that is normally removed from gas field X will be used and transmitted to oil field Y for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). CO"jats:sub"2"/jats:sub" can be transported in three phases - gas, fluid or dense vapour. Because of the corrosive properties of CO"jats:sub"2"/jats:sub" when in contact with water, materials with high corrosion resistance, such stainless steel or reinforced carbon, should be used. Stainless steel is commonly used for the transport of corrosive fluids such as CO"jats:sub"2"/jats:sub" but is expensive, while the least expensive material commonly used is reinforced fibre; however, this material has low strength at high pressure. On the other hand, while carbon steel is known for its high strength and durability it has poor resistance to corrosion. Therefore, the selection of materials for pipeline construction and the design parameters applied will be studied here to determine the best option for CO"jats:sub"2"/jats:sub" transmission. For comparison, two alternative routes, one with existing rights of way (the ROW route) and one all-new route, will be compared with each other. Then, CO"jats:sub"2"/jats:sub" phase transmission will be compared for liquid, gas and dense vapour phases, together with the design parameters applied and required equipment. Pipe diameter will be calculated along with pipe wall thickness and other requirements of parameter design for transmission of CO"jats:sub"2"/jats:sub". Economic analysis will then be performed for each scenario to ascertain the minimum cost while still meeting necessary technical requirements. Capital expenditure (CAPEX), operating expenditure (OPEX) and other variables will be investigated and analyzed using sensitivity testing to determine the influence of each component variation on each CO"jats:sub"2"/jats:sub" transmission pipeline. From the analysis applied to each scenario the optimal pipeline transmission scenarios in terms of design and cost to meet the CO"jats:sub"2"/jats:sub" enhanced oil-recoverynetwork needs for gas field X to oil field Y will be obtained. Document type: Article
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the CO"jats:sub"2"/jats:sub" transmission pipeline from gas field X to oil field Y by comparing alternative routes, CO"jats:sub"2"/jats:sub" [...]
- 0
- read
Investigation of the factors affecting the consistency of short-period traffic counts
S. Kenno, P. Sahu, B. Mehran, S. Sharma

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 148

Abstract
The main intent of this study is to investigate the accuracy of short-duration traffic counts conducted during winter months. The investigation is based on 11-year sample data collected using permanent traffic counters at various locations in Alberta, Canada. Four types of road sites: commuter, regional commuter, rural long-distance, and recreational sites are studied. The sample data constitute six different durations of counts (12-, 24-, 48-, 72-, 96-h, and 1 week) taken during summer and winter months. The coefficient of variation (CV) is used as the relative measure of deviation for counts of different durations to measure the accuracy of short-period traffic counts. The study results indicate that 48-h count seems to be the most cost-effective counting interval during both summer and winter months. It is also found that the lowest values of CV result for counts taken at commuter sites, and the highest values are observed for recreational sites. Frequent changes in temperature and other weather events cause significant variation in traffic volume, which results in an increase in CV values for counts taken during winter months. The application of an adjustment factor to remove the effect of cold and snow from short-period counts is also included in this study. Introduced adjustment factors can reduce the values of CV for all counts taken during winter months. The findings of this study can lead highway agencies to improve the cost-effectiveness of their short-period traffic counting programs. Document type: Article
Abstract
The main intent of this study is to investigate the accuracy of short-duration traffic counts conducted during winter months. The investigation is based on 11-year sample [...]
- 0
- read
Plan for sustainable urban logistics – comparing between Scandinavian and UK practices
J. Andersen, K. Fossheim

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 147

Abstract
Introduction Common practices in current urban logistics planning in Scandinavia and the UK, and the degree to which SUTP (Sustainable Urban Transport Plan), SUMP (Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans) and SULP (Sustainable Urban Logistics Plans) guidelines are used, are examined in this paper. Methods A systematic literature review identifies relevant studies based on predefined inclusion criteria: mobility, freight, urban, plan. Results It is found that urban freight plans are used more frequently in the UK than in the Scandinavian countries. SULPs (freight strategies, action plans or parts of a mobility plan) follow a structure that identifies the current situation and defines the strategic context, vision, targets and objectives using selected policy measures, measures that are dependent on geographical scope. Conclusions Urban freight plans are designed with a sustainability perspective to define visions and policy measures for urban freight. SUTP, SUMP and SULP methodologies are used in existing Scandinavian and UK urban freight plans, especially when a collaborative planning approach is being practiced. The emphasis on urban freight is challenged by the regional perspective. Integrating urban freight in general planning procedures or transport planning is important. Government guidance and sustainable strategies can provide a planning methodology and, therefore, based on national guidelines further European structural standardisation could be beneficial. Identification of freight plans is crucial if the contributions they make are to be determined. Document type: Article
Abstract
Introduction Common practices in current urban logistics planning in Scandinavia and the UK, and the degree to which SUTP (Sustainable Urban Transport Plan), SUMP (Sustainable [...]
- 0
- read
Evaluation of peak water demand factors in puglia (Southern Italy)
G. Balacco, A. Piccinni, A. Carbonara, V. Iacobellis, A. Gioia

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 146

Abstract
In the design of a water supply network, the use of traditional formulas of the peak factor may lead to over-dimensioning the network pipelines, especially in small towns. This discrepancy is probably due to changes in human habits as a consequence of a general improvement of living conditions. Starting from these considerations, and given the availability of a wide random sample data, an analysis of the water demand for several towns in Puglia was carried out, leading to the definition of a relationship between the above mentioned peak factor and the number of inhabitants, based on a stochastic approach. An interesting outcome of this study is that the design of water supply network is possible without considering the use of monthly and weekly peak factors, since the current water demands appear not specifically sensitive to these variations; moreover, the magnitude of the peak factor, as shown by measured data, is considerably lower compared to literature values, especially for small towns. Document type: Article
Abstract
In the design of a water supply network, the use of traditional formulas of the peak factor may lead to over-dimensioning the network pipelines, especially in small towns. [...]
- 0
- read
Partial Stray Inductance Modeling and Measuring of Asymmetrical Parallel Branches on the Bus-Bar of Electric Vehicles
C. Geng, J. Zhang, H. Hu, F. He

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 145

Abstract
In order to increase the power rating of electric vehicles, insulated gate bipolar translator (IGBT) modules with multiple power terminals are usually adopted. The transient current sharing of the same polarity power terminals is related to the stray inductance in the branches of the bus-bar. Based on the laminated bus-bar of a three-phase inverter in the electric vehicles that consists of asymmetrical parallel branches, this paper investigates the transient current imbalance sharing caused by the asymmetrical stray inductance in the parallel branches of the bus-bar from the view of energy storing and releasing of stray inductance for the first time. Besides, the partial self-inductance and mutual-inductance model of the parallel branches is set up. Finally, a high-precision partial stray inductance measurement method is proposed, and the accuracy of the partial stray inductance model for asymmetrical parallel branches is verified by experimental tests. Document type: Article
Abstract
In order to increase the power rating of electric vehicles, insulated gate bipolar translator (IGBT) modules with multiple power terminals are usually adopted. The transient [...]
- 0
- read
Open data in power grid modelling: New approaches towards transparent grid models
D. Kleinhans, M. Scharf, M. Scharf, C. Matke, U. Müller, W. Medjroubi

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 143

Abstract
In order to analyse the mid- and long-term impacts of energy related policies, different modelling approaches can be derived. However, the results of even the best energy system model will highly depend on the underlying input data. First, in this contribution the importance and availability issues of grid data in the context of energy system modelling are highlighted. Second, this paper focuses on power grid modelling based on open and publicly available data from OpenStreetMap using open source software tools. Two recent approaches developed to build electrical transmission network models using openly available data sources are presented and discussed. The proposed methods provide transparent assumptions, simplifications and documentation of grid modelling. This results in the ability of scientists and other stakeholders to validate, discuss or reproduce the results of energy system models. Thus the new open approaches offer a unique opportunity to increase transparency, comparability and reproducibility of results in energy system modelling. Document type: Article
Abstract
In order to analyse the mid- and long-term impacts of energy related policies, different modelling approaches can be derived. However, the results of even the best energy [...]
- 0
- read
SOLVING TRANSPORT LOGISTICS PROBLEMS IN A VIRTUAL ENTERPRISE THROUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE METHODS
V. Pavlenko, O. Morozova, O. Voropai, T. Pavlenko, A. Kuznetsova

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 142

Abstract
The paper offers a solution to the problem of material flow allocation within a virtual enterprise by using artificial intelligence methods. The research is based on the use of fuzzy relations when planning for optimal transportation modes to deliver components for manufactured products. The Fuzzy Logic Toolbox is used to determine the optimal route for transportation of components for manufactured products. The methods offered have been exemplified in the present research. The authors have built a simulation model for component transportation and delivery for manufactured products using the Simulink graphical environment for building models. Document type: Article
Abstract
The paper offers a solution to the problem of material flow allocation within a virtual enterprise by using artificial intelligence methods. The research is based on the use [...]
- 0
- read
Task-Oriented and Relationship-Building Communications between Air Traffic Controllers and Pilots
J. Lee, I. Kang, S. Han

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 140

Abstract
By questioning the lopsided attention on task-oriented factors in air traffic controller-pilot communication, the current study places an equal weighting on both task-oriented and relationship-building communications, and investigates how each type of communication influences sustainable performance in airline operation team. Results show that both task-oriented and relationship-building communications in terms of sustainability of team process predicted greater communication satisfaction at work. Also, both task interdependence and shared leadership influenced both types of air traffic controller-pilot communication. However, only relationship-building communication had a direct influence on perceived work performance whereas task-oriented communication had not. Along with task-oriented factors, this study raises the relationship-oriented factors as important resources for the sustainable team performance in airline industry. Document type: Article
Abstract
By questioning the lopsided attention on task-oriented factors in air traffic controller-pilot communication, the current study places an equal weighting on both task-oriented [...]
- 0
- read
The BICS — Advanced Method of the Electronic Ship Reporting for the RIS Centre
A. Lisaj, J. Uriasz, A. Smacki

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 138

Abstract
"jats:p"The article presents principles of transmission and processing of the data in electronic reporting of river ships used in inland navigation. The new standard of electronic reporting of ships was shown — system Barge Information and Communication System (BICS). Results and analysis of surveys of real duplex transmission of data in BICS system for purpose of RIS Centre were presented. Document type: Article
Abstract
"jats:p"The article presents principles of transmission and processing of the data in electronic reporting of river ships used in inland navigation. The new standard of electronic [...]
- 0
- read
Evaluation of Driver Compliance to Displayed Variable Advisory Speed Limit Systems: Comparison between Germany and the U.S.
M. Margreiter, G. Riggins, R. Bertini, W. Ackaah

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 137

Abstract
Variable Speed Limit (VSL) and Variable Advisory Speed (VAS) systems are applications of a growing field of active traffic management systems (ATM). This technology aims to improve safety while reducing congestion and emissions. VSL is common on German freeways, harmonizing traffic flow during congestion and weather events. Portland, Oregon installed a VAS system (advisory meaning it is not automatically enforced) on an eleven km (7 mile) segment of heavily congested urban freeway. The Portland region maintains archived, high-resolution data of both VAS sign messages and speed detection loop feedback, permitting reconstruction of traffic and sign data. This work analyses over 30 days of archived data from the Portland site in order to study driver compliance to the VAS signs. The focus is to suggest methods and parameters to score system performance. Such an analysis could benefit new rollouts of VAS corridors by providing system performance feedback and shed light on options for improving system performance. Document type: Article
Abstract
Variable Speed Limit (VSL) and Variable Advisory Speed (VAS) systems are applications of a growing field of active traffic management systems (ATM). This technology aims to [...]
- 0
- read
Research on Taxi Driver Strategy Game Evolution with Carpooling Detour
R. He, W. Zhang, M. Gao, C. Ma

Collection of open articles in transport research (2018). Vol. 2018, 204

Abstract
For the problem of taxi carpooling detour, this paper studies driver strategy choice with carpooling detour. The model of taxi driver strategy evolution with carpooling detour is built based on prospect theory and evolution game theory. Driver stable strategies are analyzed under the conditions of complaint mechanism and absence of mechanism, respectively. The results show that passenger’s complaint mechanism can effectively decrease the phenomenon of driver refusing passengers with carpooling detour. When probability of passenger complaint reaches a certain level, the stable strategy of driver is to take carpooling detour passengers. Meanwhile, limiting detour distance and easing traffic congestion can decrease the possibility of refusing passengers. These conclusions have a certain guiding significance to formulating taxi policy. Document type: Article
Abstract
For the problem of taxi carpooling detour, this paper studies driver strategy choice with carpooling detour. The model of taxi driver strategy evolution with carpooling detour [...]
- 0
- read
On the Dynamic Response Prediction at the Full-Scale Test of Aircraft Component
V. Pavelko, A. Nevskij

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 136

Abstract
"jats:p"Several general effects of boundary conditions and their adequate description at structural dynamic computational simulation constitute the main subject of the discussion. First, an analytical model of elastically supported beam was considered to evaluate the effects of support compliance to the basic dynamic characteristics. Second, a more complex model of a body with elastic support was simulated. Some general properties of structure dynamics were analysed. Document type: Article
Abstract
"jats:p"Several general effects of boundary conditions and their adequate description at structural dynamic computational simulation constitute the main subject of the discussion. [...]
- 0
- read
Performance of Commercially Available Supercapacitors
D. Fabris, M. Yassine

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 135

Abstract
High energy density storage device exhibiting a reliable lifecycle is needed in the 21st century. Hence, energy storage research is critical for reducing energy consumption. Supercapacitors exhibit such characteristics via interfacial ion electrosorption and fast redox reactions. They are a feasible solution for transportation applications, among others, due to their superb characteristics. In this paper, we provide a background on supercapacitors, review public data on commercially available supercapacitors for performance characteristics, and finally summarize their performance in terms of energy density, equivalent series resistance, and device time consistency. Document type: Article
Abstract
High energy density storage device exhibiting a reliable lifecycle is needed in the 21st century. Hence, energy storage research is critical for reducing energy consumption. [...]
- 0
- read
Global and Local Path Planning Study in a ROS-Based Research Platform for Autonomous Vehicles
A. Hussein, D. Martin, P. Marin-Plaza, A. Escalera

Collection of open articles in transport research (2018). Vol. 2018, 200

Abstract
The aim of this work is to integrate and analyze the performance of a path planning method based on Time Elastic Bands (TEB) in real research platform based on Ackermann model. Moreover, it will be proved that all modules related to the navigation can coexist and work together to achieve the goal point without any collision. The study is done by analyzing the trajectory generated from global and local planners. The software prototyping tool is Robot Operating System (ROS) from Open Source Robotics Foundation and the research platform is the iCab (Intelligent Campus Automobile) from University Carlos III. This work has been validated from a test inside the campus where the iCab has performed the navigation between the starting point and the goal point without any collision. During the experiment, we proved the low sensitivity of the TEB method to variations of the vehicle model configuration and constraints. Document type: Article
Abstract
The aim of this work is to integrate and analyze the performance of a path planning method based on Time Elastic Bands (TEB) in real research platform based on Ackermann model. [...]
- 0
- read
DEFINITION OF PUBLIC SERVICE OBLIGATION POTENTIAL IN THE NEW EU MEMBER STATES
M. Hromádka

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 134

Abstract
Summary. This paper deals with public service obligation, a form of state aid that applies to air services. The paper first provides general information on the European legislation applying to this form of state aid, and elaborates the legal framework and general principles. The second part is dedicated to a comparison of a similar subsidizing programme in the USA and Australia. An examination of current imposed public serviceobligation routes in Europe is provided in the following section. The coefficients defining the number of imposed PSO routes per various geo-economic variables have been defined. Document type: Article
Abstract
Summary. This paper deals with public service obligation, a form of state aid that applies to air services. The paper first provides general information on the European legislation [...]
- 0
- read
Survey on Ranging Sensors and Cooperative Techniques for Relative Positioning of Vehicles
F. Müller

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 133

Abstract
Future driver assistance systems will rely on accurate, reliable and continuous knowledge on the position of other road participants, including pedestrians, bicycles and other vehicles. The usual approach to tackle this requirement is to use on-board ranging sensors inside the vehicle. Radar, laser scanners or vision-based systems are able to detect objects in their line-of-sight. In contrast to these non-cooperative ranging sensors, cooperative approaches follow a strategy in which other road participants actively support the estimation of the relative position. The limitations of on-board ranging sensors regarding their detection range and angle of view and the facility of blockage can be approached by using a cooperative approach based on vehicle-to-vehicle communication. The fusion of both, cooperative and non-cooperative strategies, seems to offer the largest benefits regarding accuracy, availability and robustness. This survey offers the reader a comprehensive review on different techniques for vehicle relative positioning. The reader will learn the important performance indicators when it comes to relative positioning of vehicles, the different technologies that are both commercially available and currently under research, their expected performance and their intrinsic limitations. Moreover, the latest research in the area of vision-based systems for vehicle detection, as well as the latest work on GNSS-based vehicle localization and vehicular communication for relative positioning of vehicles, are reviewed. The survey also includes the research work on the fusion of cooperative and non-cooperative approaches to increase the reliability and the availability. Document type: Article
Abstract
Future driver assistance systems will rely on accurate, reliable and continuous knowledge on the position of other road participants, including pedestrians, bicycles and other [...]
- 0
- read
Real-time distributed economic model predictive control for complete vehicle energy management
J. Kessels, S. Weiland, C. Romijn, T. Donkers

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 132

Abstract
In this paper, a real-time distributed economic model predictive control approach for complete vehicle energy management (CVEM) is presented using a receding control horizon in combination with a dual decomposition. The dual decomposition allows the CVEM optimization problem to be solved by solving several smaller optimization problems. The receding horizon control problem is formulated with variable sample intervals, allowing for large prediction horizons with only a limited number of decision variables and constraints in the optimization problem. Furthermore, a novel on/off control concept for the control of the refrigerated semi-trailer, the air supply system and the climate control system is introduced. Simulation results on a low-fidelity vehicle model show that close to optimal fuel reduction performance can be achieved. The fuel reduction for the on/off controlled subsystems strongly depends on the number of switches allowed. By allowing up to 15-times more switches, a fuel reduction of 1.3% can be achieved. The approach is also validated on a high-fidelity vehicle model, for which the road slope is predicted by an e-horizon sensor, leading to a prediction of the propulsion power and engine speed. The prediction algorithm is demonstrated with measured ADASIS information on a public road around Eindhoven, which shows that accurate prediction of the propulsion power and engine speed is feasible when the vehicle follows the most probable path. A fuel reduction of up to 0.63% is achieved for the high-fidelity vehicle model. Document type: Article
Abstract
In this paper, a real-time distributed economic model predictive control approach for complete vehicle energy management (CVEM) is presented using a receding control horizon [...]
- 0
- read
Review on applications of electric vehicles in the countryside
R. Magalhães, L. Júnior, M. Assunção, E. Silva, J. Santos, R. Magalhães, D. Ferreira

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 130

Abstract
BSTRACT: This paper presents the main applications of electric vehicles in rural areas, pointing out the trends and challenges for the future. Technological conditions and difficulties faced by the industry for a wide dissemination of this technology are discussed. The paper described the main researches with proposals to overcome the problems of implementing electric tractors, as supply and electricity storage. Technical and economic comparisons between conventional internal combustion tractors and electric tractors are also presented and discussed. The paper showed the existence of barriers to the implementation of electric vehicles in rural areas, as well as the need for batteries technological evolution, which have high costs and for that reason they are very heavy for these purposes, but there are already systems that can be applied to minimize dependence of fossil fuels in this sector and increase the use of sustainable energy. RESUMO: Este artigo apresenta as principais aplicações de veículos elétricos no meio rural, apontanto as tendências e mudanças futuras. O trabalho discute também as condições tecnológicas e dificuldades enfrentadas pelo setor industrial para a inserção do veículo elétrico no mercado. São apresentados os principais pesquisadores da área com propostas para superar os problemas da implementação dos tratores elétricos, tais como abastecimento e armazenamento de energia elétrica. As comparações técnicas e econômicas entre tratores convencionais, a combustão interna, e tratores elétricos são apresentadas e discutidas. A revisão mostra a existência de barreiras para a implantação dos veículos elétricos no meio rural, como a necessidade de evolução tecnológica das baterias, que apresentam alto custo e ainda são pesadas para este propósito, mas mostra também que já existem sistemas que podem minimizar a dependência de compubstíveis fóceis do setor e aumentar o uso de energia sustentável. Document type: Article
Abstract
BSTRACT: This paper presents the main applications of electric vehicles in rural areas, pointing out the trends and challenges for the future. Technological conditions and [...]
- 0
- read
TIRE WEAR MODELING
R. Ivanov

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 129

Abstract
Summary. On the basis of a known relationship, an enhanced model for specific tire wear per kilometer has been developed. It is appropriate for practical use - for evaluation of the influence of different factors. Two types of experiments have been carried out with a testing device - one without sideslip, but with a known longitudinal slip, and the other one with the same longitudinal slip but also with a known sideslip. As a result, the coefficients of the proportion of the developed model have been evaluated. After the model validation, an analytical investigation concerning the influence of tire pressure, sideslip and longitudinal slip on the tire wear has been carried out. The results are presented graphically. Document type: Article
Abstract
Summary. On the basis of a known relationship, an enhanced model for specific tire wear per kilometer has been developed. It is appropriate for practical use - for evaluation [...]
- 0
- read
Indication of the Destruction Stage of Epoxy PES-Filled Composite Using the Connected Parameter of Acoustic Emission Rate and the Spectral Characteristics of AE Signals
S. Bratarčuks

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 128

Abstract
"jats:p"The methods of non-destructive testing have an important role in the problem of maintenance of transport and transport infrastructure. They make possible the early detection of internal defects in engineering structures and elements of vehicle design. The samples of composite materials used in the construction of transport infrastructure elements and transport vehicles have been tested. This paper shows the features of AE, which may allow more efficient and accurate analysis of the state of composite objects. The relation of the intensity and frequency characteristics of signals has been revealed. This work discusses the possibility of unambiguous identification of the stage of composite object destruction on the basis of these parameters. Document type: Article
Abstract
"jats:p"The methods of non-destructive testing have an important role in the problem of maintenance of transport and transport infrastructure. They make possible the early [...]
- 0
- read
The study for installing noise barrier on highway route no.9
P. Singhatiraj, C. Jiradecha

Collection of open articles in transport research (2018). Vol. 2018, 191

Abstract
Highway Route No. 9 is a Bangkok bypass motorway that aims to alleviate traffic congestion in greater Bangkok areas. Presently, it is found a rapid expansion of new communities residing along both side of Highway No. 9. To lessen the noise level, Department of Highways installed the noise barrier on the sensitive locations. However, people from communities living on both sides of highway still demand some additional noise pollution improvement. To improve the efficiency of using noise barriers and to promote environmental and social quality for the people on the sensitive communities along the highway route, the Department of Highways, therefore, designs a new technique for installing noise barrier on the sensitive areas, i.e. education institutions, temple, residential area. In addition, the mathematic model is applied to 12 selected locations of sensitive areas for monitoring the effectiveness of the new installation technique. The mathematic model is used for predict the future noise level after installation of noise barrier in year 2037. The results confirm that the appropriate height and width of noise barrier can improve the comfortable of the people on the sensitive area. Document type: Article
Abstract
Highway Route No. 9 is a Bangkok bypass motorway that aims to alleviate traffic congestion in greater Bangkok areas. Presently, it is found a rapid expansion of new communities [...]
- 0
- read
Group Gap Acceptance: A New Method to Analyze Driver Behavior and Estimate the Critical Gap at Multilane Roundabouts
K. Shaaban, H. Hamad

Collection of open articles in transport research (2018). Vol. 2018, 188

Abstract
The operations of multilane roundabouts, especially three-lane roundabouts, are unique and more complicated than any other type of roundabouts. This study aims to analyze driver behavior and estimate the critical gap at three-lane roundabouts. Video data were collected at two roundabouts. The analysis identified a pattern of group gap acceptance, where vehicles entering the roundabout from different lanes moved in groups during the same gap. In this case, the decision of vehicles entering from outside lanes greatly depended on the gap acceptance decision of vehicles in the inside lane. Analysis showed that the vast majority of the vehicles accept the gap in groups and the critical gap was estimated accordingly. The study provides a new explanation for the operation at multilane roundabouts. The use of this simple method is recommended when estimating critical gaps for multilane roundabouts. 2018 Khaled Shaaban and Hassan Hamad. This publication was made possible by the Qatar Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation) through an NPRP award [NPRP 4-1170-2-456]. Scopu Document type: Article
Abstract
The operations of multilane roundabouts, especially three-lane roundabouts, are unique and more complicated than any other type of roundabouts. This study aims to analyze [...]
- 0
- read
Ecozanja: una nueva solución de zanja basada en la reutilización de material excavado y una capa de hormigón expansivo
P. Pujadas, S. Cavalaro, A. Aguado, A. Blanco, C. Fernández

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 123

Abstract
Installing utility pipelines generates a significant amount of trench arisings, which are usually transported to landfills instead of being reused as backfill material. This practice generates CO2 emissions and wastes raw materials. This paper presents a more sustainable solution, an eco-trench, which is based on re-using trench arisings as backfill and adding a top layer of expansive concrete to improve the eco-trench’s structural performance. The technical feasibility of the eco-trench was evaluated through a finite element model, which identified the degree of expansion in concrete required to avoid failure or subside the stresses caused by traffic. The potential expansion of concrete was measured under confined conditions in the laboratory by means of a novel test developed for this purpose. The results showed that adding calcium oxide generates the required internal stress. The results were then confirmed in a pilot experience. Las zanjas para instalaciones de servicios generan un elevado volumen de materiales de excavación que son transportados a vertederos en lugar de ser reaprovechados como relleno. Esto conlleva un mayor consumo de materias primas y emisiones de CO2 asociadas al transporte. Este estudio presenta una solución más sostenible, denominada ecozanja, basada en la reutilización de los materiales de excavación como relleno de la zanja con una capa superficial de hormigón expansivo. Su aplicabilidad se evalúa mediante un modelo de elementos finitos que permite determinar el grado de expansión necesario en el hormigón para garantizar la resistencia de las tensiones debidas al tráfico de vehículos sobre la zanja. La expansividad del hormigón se evaluó mediante un ensayo desarrollado específicamente para tal objetivo. Los resultados indican que la adición de óxido de calcio genera las tensiones internas necesarias. Asimismo, la propuesta se validó mediante una experiencia piloto en obra. Document type: Article
Abstract
Installing utility pipelines generates a significant amount of trench arisings, which are usually transported to landfills instead of being reused as backfill material. This [...]
- 0
- read
Assessment of Single European Sky Implementation in the Functional Airspace Block Central Europe
Z. Rezo, T. Mihetec, A. Vidović

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 122

Abstract
Implementation of Air Traffic Management (ATM) MasterPlan-defined projects represents a prerequisite for thesuccessful implementation of the Single European Sky initiativedefined by the European Commission in 2004. Theimplementation of ATM-related projects is currently under the responsibility of the Single European Sky Research Programme Deployment Manager. While the definition of projects is being performed at the European Network level, theimplementation is performed through sub-regional grouping of Air Navigation Service Providers in a form of Functional Airspace Blocks. This paper analyses the level of implementation of ATM-related projects in the Functional Airspace Block Central Europe and their relation to other Functional Airspace Blocks defined in Europe. From this paper it is obvious that even though the planning of Single European Sky projects is based on the collaborative implementation of Functional Airspace Block level, the real implementation is fragmented and based on national levels. Document type: Article
Abstract
Implementation of Air Traffic Management (ATM) MasterPlan-defined projects represents a prerequisite for thesuccessful implementation of the Single European Sky initiativedefined [...]
- 0
- read
A CPN/B method transformation framework for railway safety rules formal validation
E. Koursi, S. Collart-Dutilleul, R. Ben-Ayed, Z. Boudi, T. Nolasco, M. Haloua

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 121

Abstract
This paper presents a 'CPN/B method' based process for railway systems safety analysis. Achieving interoperability through the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS/ETCS) is facing difficulties in railway safety assessment due to the interaction of national and European operating specifications. These specifications have been modeled using several formalisms, which makes it is extremely hard to preserve all requirements when switching between different formalisms. However, this problem, crucial for efficient progress in railway safety research, has received very little attention in the literature. In this respect, the purpose of this contribution is to provide a methodology to demonstrate safety in railway systems by converting CPN models, widely used in modeling, into B abstract machines. It aims at enabling a stronger combination of formal design techniques and analysis tools able to cope with the real complexity of systems and automatically prove that safety properties are unambiguous, consistent and not contradictory, considering an industrial railway context. Document type: Article
Abstract
This paper presents a 'CPN/B method' based process for railway systems safety analysis. Achieving interoperability through the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS/ETCS) [...]
- 0
- read
Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering Schemes for Energy-Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks
T. Taleb, M. Kaddour

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 120

Abstract
"jats:p" Extending the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) while delivering the expected level of service remains a hot research topic. Clustering has been identified in the literature as one of the primary means to save communication energy. In this paper, we argue that hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) provides a suitable foundation for designing highly energy efficient communication protocols for WSNs. To this end, we study a new mechanism for selecting cluster heads (CHs) based both on the physical location of the sensors and their residual energy. Furthermore, we study different patterns of communications between the CHs and the base station depending on the possible transmission ranges and the ability of the sensors to act as traffic relays. Simulation results show that our proposed clustering and communication schemes outperform well-knows existing approaches by comfortable margins. In particular, networks lifetime is increased by more than 60% compared to LEACH and HEED, and by more than 30% compared to K-means clustering. Document type: Article
Abstract
"jats:p" Extending the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) while delivering the expected level of service remains a hot research topic. Clustering has been identified [...]
- 0
- read
Traffic state estimation using floating car data
A. Knoll, W. Cai, A. Sunderrajan, V. Viswanathan

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 118

Abstract
There is an increasing availability of floating car data both historic, in the form of trajectory datasets and real-time, in the form of continuous data streams. This paves the way for several advanced traffic management services such as current traffic state estimation, congestion and incident detection and prediction of the short-term evolution of traffic flow. In this paper, we present an analysis of using probe vehicles for reconstructing traffic state. We employ detailed agent-based microscopic simulations of a real world expressway to estimate the state from floating car data. The probe penetration required for accurate traffic state estimation is also determined. Document type: Article
Abstract
There is an increasing availability of floating car data both historic, in the form of trajectory datasets and real-time, in the form of continuous data streams. This paves [...]
- 0
- read
Road Traffic Congestion Management Based on a Search-Allocation Approach
J. Raiyn

Collection of open articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 117

Abstract
"jats:p"This paper introduces a new scheme for road traffic management in smart cities, aimed at reducing road traffic congestion. The scheme is based on a combination of searching, updating, and allocation techniques (SUA). An SUA approach is proposed to reduce the processing time for forecasting the conditions of all road sections in real-time, which is typically considerable and complex. It searches for the shortest route based on historical observations, then computes travel time forecasts based on vehicular location in real-time. Using updated information, which includes travel time forecasts and accident forecasts, the vehicle is allocated the appropriate section. The novelty of the SUA scheme lies in its updating of vehicles in every time to reduce traffic congestion. Furthermore, the SUA approach supports autonomy and management by self-regulation, which recommends its use in smart cities that support internet of things (IoT) technologies. Document type: Article
Abstract
"jats:p"This paper introduces a new scheme for road traffic management in smart cities, aimed at reducing road traffic congestion. The scheme is based on a combination of [...]
- 0
- read
Review of hybrid laminar flow control systems
O. Seibel, O. Bertram, K. Krishnan

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 75

Abstract
The aeronautic community always strived for fuel efficient aircraft and presently, the need for ecofriendly aircraft is even more, especially with the tremendous growth of air traffic and growing environmental concerns. Some of the important drivers for such interests include high fuel prices, less emissions requirements, need for more environment friendly aircraft to lessen the global warming effects. Hybrid laminar flow control (HLFC) technology is promising and offers possibility to achieve these goals. This technology was researched for decades for its application in transport aircraft, and it has achieved a new level of maturity towards integration and safety and maintenance aspects. This paper aims to give an overview of HLFC systems research and associated flight tests in the past years both in the US and in Europe. The review makes it possible to distinguish between the successful approaches and the less successful or outdated approaches in HLFC research. Furthermore, the technology status shall try to produce first estimations regarding the mass, power consumption and performance of HLFC systems as well as estimations regarding maintenance requirements and possible subsystem definitions.
Abstract
The aeronautic community always strived for fuel efficient aircraft and presently, the need for ecofriendly aircraft is even more, especially with the tremendous growth of [...]
- 0
- read
Policy developments for the reduction of climate change impacts by the transportation sector
F. Ülengin, M. Işık, Ş. Önsel Ekici, Ö. Özaydın, Ö. Kabak, İ. Topçu

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2018). Vol. 2018, 53

Abstract
Ekici, Şule Önsel (Dogus Author) -- Özaydın, Özay (Dogus Author) The transportation sector is one of the most significant sources of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. In order to mitigate climate change, it is important to apply effective and immediate policies to reduce the transportation sector's emissions. This study aims to: (1) define the dimensions of the transportation sector, such as its environmental, economic, social, and political elements, and (2) investigate how they relate to climate change, in order to assess potential mitigation scenarios and policies that could reduce the sector's contribution to climate change. First, sector-related variables were specified using expert opinions and a literature survey. Relationships between the variables and the associated intensity values were then identified using document coding, as well as by gathering expert opinions through a workshop. A fuzzy cognitive map analysis was then conducted to investigate the relationships between the variables and the resulting impacts by the transportation sector on climate change. A scenario analysis was also conducted in order to identify the most effective policies in reducing the impacts of transportation on climate change, at both the local and global levels. For the scenario analysis at the global level, projections by the International Energy Agency were analyzed through the model. The local policy suggestions developed by Turkish authorities were also evaluated using scenario analysis.
Abstract
Ekici, Şule Önsel (Dogus Author) -- Özaydın, Özay (Dogus Author) The transportation sector is one of the most significant sources of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. [...]
- 0
- read
Exploring the suitability of electric vehicles in the United States
M. Noori, O. Tatari, M. Chester, N. Onat, Y. Zhao, M. Kucukvar

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 74

Abstract
This study explores suitability of battery electric vehicles in the United States by considering their potential market share and operations costs as well as the state-specific variations in electricity generation profiles, given current government policies and the social acceptability of the technology. A performance assessment is developed to compare each state and identify major policy efforts that are needed to increase the environmental and economic competitiveness of electric vehicles. A novel multi-criteria decision-support framework, integrating Life Cycle Assessment, Data Envelopment Analysis, and Agent Based Modeling, is developed. To this end, the environmental and economic impacts of battery electric vehicles are calculated based on three scenarios: an average electricity generation mix, a marginal electricity generation mix, and a solely renewable energy mix with 100% solar. The states are classified, each requiring different policy strategies, in accordance with their performance scores. The results provide important insights for advancing transportation policies and a novel framework for multi-criteria decision-making in the future analyses.
Abstract
This study explores suitability of battery electric vehicles in the United States by considering their potential market share and operations costs as well as the state-specific [...]
- 1
- read
Air connectivity in remote regions: A comprehensive review of existing transport policies worldwide
X. Fageda, T. Serebrisky, A. Suárez-Alemán, R. Fioravanti

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2018). Vol. 2018, 51

Abstract
consensus exists in the literature on the strong link between air connectivity and economic growth and development. The need for connecting people and markets is part of national policies in different territories. The existence of remote areas, that is, those that under strict market criteria would not be transport supplied due to lack of commercial profitability, has led to the development of different public policies aimed to support air connectivity in regions where commercial airline operations are not viable. This paper provides a mapping of existing policies applied worldwide to provide air connectivity to remote areas, and critically reviews policies promoting air connectivity, including: 1) route-based policies; 2) passenger-based policies; 3) airline-based policies; and 4) airport-based policies. This effort is the first to compile and critically analyze all the existing alternatives to provide air connectivity in remote areas and to report on experiences worldwide. Moreover, we develop a novel taxonomy of existing public policies when it comes to providing air connectivity to remote areas. After reviewing different policy options and instruments applied globally, the paper ends with a policy discussion.
Abstract
consensus exists in the literature on the strong link between air connectivity and economic growth and development. The need for connecting people and markets is part of national [...]
- 0
- read
Analysis of the impact of bilateral and transit quotas on Turkey's international trade by road transport : an integrated maximum flow and gravity model approach
P. Palut, Ö. Kabak, B. Ülengin, Ö. Özaydın, F. Ülengin, B. Çekyay

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 72

Abstract
Çekyay, Bora (Dogus Author) -- Palut, Peral Toktaş (Dogus Author) -- Özaydın, Özay (Dogus Author) We explore whether bilateral and transit quotas applied by EU countries on Turkey have a negative impact on Turkey's international trade by road transport. Therefore, Turkey's exports by road transport to selected European countries are analyzed in a panel-data framework for the period 2005–2014. We estimate the aggregate effect of different quota types on trade between Turkey and European countries by using an approach that integrates the max-flow and gravity models. In the gravity model, for each country, a single value representing the aggregate restricting effect of different quota types is needed. The single values are obtained by solving multiple max-flow problems, where constraining effects of different quota types are modeled as arc capacities. The results of the gravity model suggest a loss in Turkish exports by road transport because of the quotas imposed by other countries. Most of the negative impact results from bilateral quotas rather than from transit quotas, whose effect is rather marginal.
Abstract
Çekyay, Bora (Dogus Author) -- Palut, Peral Toktaş (Dogus Author) -- Özaydın, Özay (Dogus Author) We explore whether bilateral and transit quotas applied by EU countries [...]
- 0
- read
Economics of electric vehicles for city logistics
T. Rooijen, H. Quak

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2018). Vol. 2018, 48

Abstract
Within the FREVUE project 80 fully electric freight vehicles have been deployed. It showed that city logistics operations can be performed by electric freight vehicles, but that at the moment the high vehicle purchasing costs are still a barrier for large scale utilisation of electric freight vehicles for logistics operations. Only for small EFVs (lighter than 3.5 tons) a short term feasible business case is possible. For the larger vans and rigid trucks, a feasible business case is not yet possible from an operator’s perspective, often not even with subsidies. Copyright © 2018 Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, Inc. All rights reserved
Abstract
Within the FREVUE project 80 fully electric freight vehicles have been deployed. It showed that city logistics operations can be performed by electric freight vehicles, but [...]
- 0
- read
From the testing to the deployment of self-driving cars: Legal challenges to policymakers on the road ahead
N. Vellinga

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 71

Abstract
Self-driving cars and self-driving technology are tested on public roads in several countries on a large scale. With this development not only technical, but also legal questions arise. This article will give a brief overview of the legal developments in multiple jurisdictions – California (USA), United Kingdom, and the Netherlands – and will highlight several legal questions regarding the testing and deployment of self-driving cars. Policymakers are confronted with the question how the testing of self-driving cars can be regulated. The discussed jurisdictions all choose a different approach. Different legal instruments – binding regulation, non-binding regulation, granting exemptions – are used to regulate the testing of self-driving cars. Are these instruments suitable for the objectives the jurisdictions want to achieve? As technology matures, self-driving cars will at some point become available to the general public. Regarding this post-testing phase, two pressing problems arise: how to deal with the absence of a human driver and how does this affect liability and insurance? The Vienna Convention on Road Traffic 1968 and the Geneva Convention on Road Traffic 1949, as well as national traffic laws, are based on the notion that only a human can drive a car. To what extent a different interpretation of the term ‘driver’ in traffic laws and international Conventions can accommodate the deployment of self-driving cars without a human driver present will be discussed in this article. When the self-driving car becomes reality, current liability regimes can fall short. Liability for car accidents might shift from the driver or owner to the manufacturer of the car. This could have a negative effect on the development of self-driving cars. In this context, it will also be discussed to what extent insurance can affect this development.
Abstract
Self-driving cars and self-driving technology are tested on public roads in several countries on a large scale. With this development not only technical, but also legal questions [...]
- 0
- read
Leakage detection and localization on water transportation pipelines: a multi-label classification approach
A. Zengin, R. Kara, S. Zavrak, F. Kayaalp

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 69

Abstract
Zavrak/0000-0001-6950-8927; Kara, Resul/0000-0001-8902-6837; Kayaalp, Fatih/0000-0002-8752-3335 WOS: 000426865100007 One of the main problems of water transportation pipelines is leak which can cause water resources loss, possible human injuries, and damages to the environment. There are many studies in the literature focusing on detection and localization of leaks in the water pipeline systems. In this study, we have designed a wireless sensor network-based real-time monitoring system to detect and locate the leaks on multiple positions on water pipelines by using pressure data. At first, the pressure data are collected from wireless pressure sensor nodes. After that, unlike from the previous works in the literature, both the detection and localization of leakages are carried out by using multi-label learning methods. We have used three multi-label classification methods which are RAkELd, BRkNN, and BR with SVM. After the evaluation and comparison of the methods with each other, we observe that the RAkELd method performs best on almost all measures with the accuracy ratio of 98%. As a result, multi-label classification methods can be used on the detection and localization of the leaks in the pipeline systems successfully.
Abstract
Zavrak/0000-0001-6950-8927; Kara, Resul/0000-0001-8902-6837; Kayaalp, Fatih/0000-0002-8752-3335 WOS: 000426865100007 One of the main problems of water transportation pipelines [...]
- 0
- read
Longitudinal Jerk Estimation of Driver Intentions for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems
A. Bisoffi, M. Lio, F. Biral, L. Zaccarian

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 67

Abstract
International audience; This work aims at estimating the longitudinal jerk of the vehicle as it is acted by a human driver, in the context of preventive safety. A reliable estimate is needed to infer the current driver intention in an advanced driving assistance system developed by the authors. The derived intention-oriented model for the longitudinal dynamics is embedded into an enhanced Kalman filter that provides the user with a knob to trade off between responsiveness of the estimate and noise rejection. The scheme is fit for on-line usage, relies on signals commonly available on the CAN bus of modern vehicles, and requires a very limited number of parameters. Its effectiveness is validated on experimental data, and compared with alternative approaches.
Abstract
International audience; This work aims at estimating the longitudinal jerk of the vehicle as it is acted by a human driver, in the context of preventive safety. A reliable [...]
- 1
- read
The Safety of Transnational Imported Second-Hand Cars: A Case Study on Vehicle-to-Vehicle Crashes in Romania
S. Ciobanu, A. Coșciug, J. Benedek

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 66

Abstract
Certain features of imported second-hand cars (e.g., age, degree of wear and tear, technical design) can increase their likelihood for traffic crashes. Three official datasets which cover an eight year period (2008–2015) are used to test the connection between importation of second-hand cars and different types of traffic crashes. The traffic crashes database was provided by the Traffic Department of the General Inspectorate of Romanian Police (GIRPTD). The car registration database was provided by Driving-License and Vehicles-Registration Direction (DLVRD). Right-hand driving (RHD) cars database was provided by the Romanian Automotive Registry (RAR). A spatio-temporal visualization of data was performed using Geographic Information System (GIS) while for the statistical analysis we use regression models and Pearson-Correlation-coefficient. The analysis suggests that a significant part of the variation in the volume of traffic accidents can be explained by the volume of imported second-hand cars at the county level. Moreover, an even stronger direct relation exists between the number of imported second-hand cars and Severe Traffic Accidents but also in the case of RHD imported second-hand cars. The overall impact of imported second-hand cars on the traffic safety in Romania is significant but small in comparison to other types of car registration. Study results belong to the category of empirical evidence production which can improve the quality of existing traffic regulations focused both on organizing and ensuring traffic safety, and on the policy of sustainable transport infrastructure development. Document type: Article
Abstract
Certain features of imported second-hand cars (e.g., age, degree of wear and tear, technical design) can increase their likelihood for traffic crashes. Three official datasets [...]
- 0
- read
Environmental sustainability in the service industry of transportation and logistics service providers: Systematic literature review and research directions
P. Centobelli, R. Cerchione, E. Esposito

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 65

Abstract
This paper provides a systematic review on the subject of environmental sustainability in the service industry of logistics service providers (LSPs) to analyse the advances of the literature on the topic and pick out appropriate research questions to investigate. The literature review has been performed using two academic databases and spans the years 1960–2014. The paper shows that despite the increasing number of papers on the subject, several areas of research are still being neglected. In particular, the paper highlights six main literature gaps concerning the classification of green initiatives, the impact of green initiatives on LSP performance, the evaluation of sustainability performance, the factors influencing the adoption of environmental sustainability initiatives, the customer perspective in the sustainable supply chain, and the information and communication technologies supporting green initiatives. Starting from these six gaps, eight research questions have been identified. These research questions represent possible emerging areas of investigation on the topic.
Abstract
This paper provides a systematic review on the subject of environmental sustainability in the service industry of logistics service providers (LSPs) to analyse the advances [...]
- 0
- read
Intermodal connectivity in Europe, an empirical exploration
K. Donselaar, J. Bozuwa, D. Figueroa, P. Langen

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 63

Abstract
In this paper we analyse the intermodal connectivity in Europe. The empirical analysis is to our knowledge the first empirical analysis of intermodal connections, and is based on a comprehensive database of intermodal connections in Europe. The paper focuses on rail and barge services, as they are the backbone of intermodal freight transport chains. The empirical analysis reveals that rail and barge are complementary, in the sense that the number of overlapping origin-destination pairs is limited and barge connections are across relatively short distances, while rail generally is used for larger transport distances. In addition the lowest transport distances of rail and barge services are relatively low. Services over short distances are feasible, especially between ports and for mountain crossings. For port-to- hinterland services, various services cover distances below 100 km. This paper provides a first indication (albeit no conclusive evidence) that a higher competition intensity between rail operators in a port may lower the distance of the shortest rail service. The analysis also reveals service frequencies are on average very substantial: around four services per week. These frequencies diminish with the distance of the service. These insights are valuable for companies involved in developing new services and provide a basis for further research.
Abstract
In this paper we analyse the intermodal connectivity in Europe. The empirical analysis is to our knowledge the first empirical analysis of intermodal connections, and is based [...]
- 0
- read
The economic implications of natural gas infrastructure investment
A. Hutagalung, D. Hartono, J. Lovett, M. Arentsen

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 62

Abstract
Since 2001, the Indonesian government has issued natural gas master plans annually holding the planned gas infrastructure developments in order to motivate private parties who are not motivated due to the lack of the gas infrastructure increase. Since 2002, there were only three segments of gas pipelines that have been tendered (IEA, 2008) which are Gresik-Semarang and Bontang-Semarang (Kalimantan to Java Pipeline) in 2005, and Cirebon-Semarang in 2006 that have no supply anymore. The current transmission and distribution lines of 3,762.32 km and 4,554.54 km, respectively, are very small compared to developed countries in a similar gas resource position as Indonesia. The paper views the role of natural gas infrastructure for economic growth and energy security in Indonesia. The economic impacts of natural gas infrastructure are analyzed through the Computable General Equilibrium model. The results show that all financing scenarios have positive impacts on the various macro-economic indicators as well as on sectorial output and employment.
Abstract
Since 2001, the Indonesian government has issued natural gas master plans annually holding the planned gas infrastructure developments in order to motivate private parties [...]
- 0
- read
A headway to improve PTW rider safety within the EU through three types of ITS
P. Rämä, J. Scholliers, L. Leden, M. van Noort, A. Morris, G. Hancox, B. Bell, D. Daniel, A. Silla

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2018). Vol. 2018, 40
- 0
- read
Black-Box Calibration for ADCs With Hard Nonlinear Errors Using a Novel INL-Based Additive Code: A Pipeline ADC Case Study
A. Rueda, A. Gines, E. Peralias

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 60

Abstract
This paper presents a digital nonlinearity calibration technique for ADCs with strong input-output discontinuities between adjacent codes, such as pipeline, algorithmic, and SAR ADCs with redundancy. In this kind of converter, the ADC transfer function often involves multivalued regions, where conventional integral-nonlinearity (INL)-based calibration methods tend to miscalibrate, negatively affecting the ADC's performance. As a solution to this problem, this paper proposes a novel INL-based calibration which incorporates information from the ADC's internal signals to provide a robust estimation of static nonlinear errors for multivalued ADCs. The method is fully generalizable and can be applied to any existing design as long as there is access to internal digital signals. In pipeline or subranging ADCs, this implies access to partial subcodes before digital correction; for algorithmic or SAR ADCs, conversion bit/bits per cycle are used. As a proof-of-concept demonstrator, the experimental results for a 1.2 V 23 mW 130 nm-CMOS pipeline ADC with a SINAD of 58.4 dBc (in nominal conditions without calibration) is considered. In a stressed situation with 0.95 V of supply, the ADC has SINAD values of 47.8 dBc and 56.1 dBc, respectively, before and after calibration (total power consumption, including the calibration logic, being 15.4 mW). Peer reviewed
Abstract
This paper presents a digital nonlinearity calibration technique for ADCs with strong input-output discontinuities between adjacent codes, such as pipeline, algorithmic, and [...]
- 0
- read
Three layers of energy law for examining CO2 transport for carbon-capture and storage
T. Mikunda, F. Neele, D. Hanstock, L. Downes, D. Schumann, C. Eickhoff, R. Heffron, M. Bysveen, E. Brakstad

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2018). Vol. 2018, 38

Abstract
This research is a legal analysis concerning four scenarios for cross-border carbon dioxide (CO2) transport that could increase the deployment of carbon-capture and storage (CCS) deployment in Europe. The legal analysis categorizes the law into three levels-international, national and local-and considers the four scenarios in light of these three levels of energy law. Upon reviewing the four scenarios, it is clear that the Rotterdam Nucleus (referred to as the 'Pilot Case') is the leading scenario and as a result it is explored in more detail. The potential Pilot Case is based on the development of Rotterdam (in the Netherlands) as a southern North Sea hub. Under this Rotterdam Nucleus scenario, captured CO2 will be transported through the Port of Rotterdam to depleted gas fields offshore the Netherlands. CO2 will also be transported through further links using CCS infrastructure to facilitate the processing of undeveloped gas fields offshore UK. The Pilot case contemplates further expansion opportunities, increasing the capture clusters through additional pipelines, expanding to further gas fields and using the port of Rotterdam for CO2 shipping-hence the analysis of the other scenarios may be invaluable in the future development of CO2 networks in the EU. Finally, and an original contribution of this article is that it employs the three lawyers of energy law theoretical framework to an energy problem that was examined by an interdisciplinary research team. Furthermore, this research was developed further through two key industry stakeholder meetings with CCS experts in the EU. © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the AIPN. All rights reserved.
Abstract
This research is a legal analysis concerning four scenarios for cross-border carbon dioxide (CO2) transport that could increase the deployment of carbon-capture and storage [...]
- 0
- read
The underlying drivers and future development of air cargo
H. Meersman, E. Onghena, F. Kupfer, E. Voorde

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 56

Abstract
Air cargo plays a crucial role in the air transport chain and in the globalized economy. As for other modes of transport, the demand for air cargo is a derived demand. Previous studies showed that the main determinants of air cargo demand are merchandise trade and the share of manufactures in merchandise trade. This paper aims to fill a gap in the existing literature by additionally taking the influence of air freight yields and oil prices into account when modelling the global air cargo development. Furthermore, it provides an insight into the future development of air cargo. Forecasts until 2023 are made based on a number of scenarios for the main determinants of air cargo demand. Moreover, an insight is provided into the current air cargo market, including traffic levels and different types-of actors and traffic flows. The results are useful not only for academics but also for industry stakeholders for which air cargo is an important contributor to profit and/or cash levels. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Abstract
Air cargo plays a crucial role in the air transport chain and in the globalized economy. As for other modes of transport, the demand for air cargo is a derived demand. Previous [...]
- 0
- read
Optimal patrol scheduling of hazardous pipelines using game theory
N. Khakzad, A. Rezazadeh, A. Rezazadeh, G. Reniers, G. Reniers, V. Cozzani, L. Zhang

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 55

Abstract
An approach based on game theory is proposed to schedule security patrolling for a pipeline system. The method proposes numbers of patrolling paths according to the risk of security incidents on the pipeline system, in order to allow the patrolling team to covering high-risk segments more than low-risk segments. Patrolling of the pipeline system was modeled mathematically, based on time and distance discretization. The overall approach also examines the presence of security countermeasures on a pipeline system, and their effects on the patrolling schedule. The application of the method is explained by an illustrative case study.
Abstract
An approach based on game theory is proposed to schedule security patrolling for a pipeline system. The method proposes numbers of patrolling paths according to the risk of [...]
- 0
- read
ViraPipe: Scalable Parallel Pipeline for Viral Metagenome Analysis from Next Generation Sequencing Reads
Z. Bzhalava, J. Dillner, D. Bzhalava, K. Heljanko, K. Heljanko, A. Maarala, A. Maarala

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 54

Abstract
Motivation Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology enables identification of microbial genomes from massive amount of human microbiomes more rapidly and cheaper than ever before. However, the traditional sequential genome analysis algorithms, tools, and platforms are inefficient for performing large-scale metagenomic studies on ever-growing sample data volumes. Currently, there is an urgent need for scalable analysis pipelines that enable harnessing all the power of parallel computation in computing clusters and in cloud computing environments. We propose ViraPipe, a scalable metagenome analysis pipeline that is able to analyze thousands of human microbiomes in parallel in tolerable time. The pipeline is tuned for analyzing viral metagenomes and the software is applicable for other metagenomic analyses as well. ViraPipe integrates parallel BWA-MEM read aligner, MegaHit De novo assembler, and BLAST and HMMER3 sequence search tools. We show the scalability of ViraPipe by running experiments on mining virus related genomes from NGS datasets in a distributed Spark computing cluster. Results ViraPipe analyses 768 human samples in 210 minutes on a Spark computing cluster comprising 23 nodes and 1288 cores in total. The speedup of ViraPipe executed on 23 nodes was 11x compared to the sequential analysis pipeline executed on a single node. The whole process includes parallel decompression, read interleaving, BWA-MEM read alignment, filtering and normalizing of non-human reads, De novo contigs assembling, and searching of sequences with BLAST and HMMER3 tools. Contact ilari.maarala@aalto.fi. Availability and implementation https://github.com/NGSeq/ViraPipe.
Abstract
Motivation Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology enables identification of microbial genomes from massive amount of human microbiomes more rapidly and cheaper than ever [...]
- 0
- read
Study on the combined influence of battery models and sizing strategy for hybrid and battery-based electric vehicles
R. Araujo, J. Barreras, R. Castro, E. Schaltz, C. Pinto

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 53

Abstract
This paper presents a study of the combined influence of battery models and sizing strategy for hybrid and battery-based electric vehicles. In particular, the aim is to find the number of battery (and supercapacitor) cells to propel a light vehicle to run two different standard driving cycles. Three equivalent circuit models are considered to simulate the battery electrical performance: linear static, non-linear static and non-linear with first-order dynamics. When dimensioning a battery-based vehicle, less complex models may lead to a solution with more battery cells and higher costs. Despite the same tendency, when a hybrid vehicle is taken into account, the influence of the battery models is dependent on the sizing strategy. In this work, two sizing strategies are evaluated: dynamic programming and filter-based. For the latter, the complexity of the battery model has a clear influence on the result of the sizing problem. On the other hand, a modest influence is observed when a dynamic programming strategy is followed.
Abstract
This paper presents a study of the combined influence of battery models and sizing strategy for hybrid and battery-based electric vehicles. In particular, the aim is to find [...]
- 2
- read
A framework for demand bidding to achieve demand response objectives by EVs charging and heating loads
F. Malik, M. Humayun, L. Lehtonen, M. Matti

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 52

Abstract
Energy markets which are based on fixed day-ahead energy prices could face bottlenecks due to the simultaneous activation of flexible loads in the system and hence causing power imbalances and possibly also causing congestion in the distribution network. In order to mitigate these problems a suitable scheme is required to reschedule the flexible loads based on incentives for the end users for changing their demand from their day-ahead optimized demand pattern. This paper proposes a three-layer architecture of intelligent agents for scheduling of flexible loads which implies a demand bidding strategy. A real case study is considered from Nordpool spot prices for four different seasons of the year to show case the rationality of the study. Two flexible loads, Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Storage Space Heating (SSH) are considered in this scenario, while other loads are assumed non-flexible. Analysis of energy cost based on flexibility indices of loads is studied, which shows that flexibility of loads not only supports the power network capacity in congestion situation but it also benefits the consumers with cost effective use of energy. From aggregator’s perspective, the system resources are utilized optimally hence reducing the need for running extra generators and the spikes at the cheap price hours are mitigated. From the results, it is noted that the proposed bidding scheme has benefited the households up to 60% of the energy cost saving by participating in the demand response. The number of times each household wins a bid depends on the flexibility of loads and in this particular simulation scenario most of the households are able to win the bids 2 times in a day.
Abstract
Energy markets which are based on fixed day-ahead energy prices could face bottlenecks due to the simultaneous activation of flexible loads in the system and hence causing [...]
- 0
- read
Automatic generation of pipelines into a 3D industrial process model
S. Sierla, T. Karhela, V. Vyatkin, V. Valeriy

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 51

Abstract
Simulation has become an established technique to support the design of complex, mechatronic or cyber-physical systems. Ideally, simulations should already be performed at an early design phase before high-cost design commitments are made, and the recent advances in the digitalization of design information open possibilities for automatic generation of simulation models. However, high-fidelity simulation model building depends on accurate data. In particular, firstprinciples models are desirable source information for simulations, but such models generally are not available at an early design stage. This paper investigates the automatic generation of first-principles 3D models for piping intensive systems based on design information that is available at an early design stage, namely Piping & Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID). An algorithm is presented for the generation of such 3D models based on machine-readable P&ID information. The main focus of the algorithm is the automatic generation of feasible pipelines into the 3D models, so that the model has sufficient information which can be exploited in further work to automatically generate high fidelity first-principles thermohydraulic simulations.
Abstract
Simulation has become an established technique to support the design of complex, mechatronic or cyber-physical systems. Ideally, simulations should already be performed at [...]
- 0
- read
Optimisation of electric vehicles within a dynamic inductive charging infrastructure
T. Pham, S. Wilkins

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 50

Abstract
The strong interaction between electric vehicles and the charging infrastructure presents new challenges towards system-level optimization. Moreover choices between the power level, duration, and frequency of charging events can have direct impact both on energy efficiency, as well as the overall lifetime of vehicles. This paper presents a preliminary study into the optimization scheme for such systems, with the focus on an electric bus application. The results illustrate an energy saving when comparing the EMS and baseline strategy of ~ 1.6%improvement measured in kWh/km, alongside a potential cycle life prolongation factor improvement of the EMS compared to the baseline is 1.5 in average.
Abstract
The strong interaction between electric vehicles and the charging infrastructure presents new challenges towards system-level optimization. Moreover choices between the power [...]
- 0
- read
Total volume evaluation of high-power density non-isolated DC–DC converters with integrated magnetics for electric vehicles
J. Imaoka, C. Cortes, W. Martinez, W. Martinez, K. Umetani, M. Yamamoto

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 49

Abstract
© The Institution of Engineering and Technology. One of the main problems in electric vehicles is the volume of their electrical systems because their bulky components carry additional mass and high cost to the total system. On this topic, interleaving-phases and magnetic coupling techniques have been reported as effective methods for increasing the power density of the DC-DC converters that work between the storage unit and the motor inverter. In that sense, a volume assessment of these topologies would provide a better understanding of the problems to be faced when an electric power train is designed. In this paper, a volume modelling methodology is introduced with the purpose of comparing four different DC-DC converters: Single-Phase Boost, Two-Phase Interleaved with non-coupled inductors, Loosely Coupled Inductor (LCI), and Integrated Winding Coupled Inductor (IWCI). The analysis considers the volume of magnetic components, power devices (conventional and next-generation), cooling devices and capacitors. The methodology can be used as a part of an optimization procedure to minimize the volume of DC-DC converters. Conclusively, LCI and IWCI were found effective to miniaturize power converters with a power density of 8.4 W/cc and 9.66 W/cc, respectively. Moreover, a maximum efficiency of 98.04% and 97.61% was obtained for a 1kW LCI and IWCI prototypes, respectively. ispartof: IET POWER ELECTRONICS vol:10 issue:14 pages:2010-2020 status: published
Abstract
© The Institution of Engineering and Technology. One of the main problems in electric vehicles is the volume of their electrical systems because their bulky components carry [...]
- 0
- read
Effect of Multitasking on Simulator Sickness and Performance in 3D Aerodrome Control Training
B. Açıkel, Y. Akbulut, U. Turhan

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 47

Abstract
WOS: 000424708100003 Background. Air traffic controllers need to use their cognitive resources to cope with multiple tasks while monitoring air traffic. They are trained through advanced 3D simulators; however, they might demonstrate simulator sickness symptoms during this training. The relationship between multitasking and simulator sickness and the influence of different tasks on these variables can be investigated to inform further training practices for an efficient traffic monitoring. Purpose. The purpose of this quasi-experimental research was to explore the influence of different working positions and multitasking scenarios on simulator sickness and performance in 3D Aerodrome Control Training. Method. Thirteen undergraduate students from a civil aviation school participated in a time-series experimental design. Nausea, disorientation and oculomotor disturbances were measured before and after conducting different multitasking scenarios in an aerodrome control simulator. A 20-item simulation performance scale was also used. Performance differences and the relationship between simulator sickness and performance were addressed through parametric tests. Results. Findings revealed that tower-ground positions created higher levels of nausea. Performance scores varied in different scenarios. Simulator sickness was higher in females. Total sickness correlated negatively with performance in all scenarios. Conclusion. Certain tasks have different influences on both simulator sickness and performance. Concurrent multitasking seems to trigger simulator sickness further. The degree of simulator adaptation, test anxiety and physiological measures of the process should be considered in further research.
Abstract
WOS: 000424708100003 Background. Air traffic controllers need to use their cognitive resources to cope with multiple tasks while monitoring air traffic. They are trained [...]
- 0
- read
Analysis, control and design of speed control of electric vehicles delayed model:multi-objective fuzzy fractional-order PI λD μ PIλDμ controller
F. Blaabjerg, M. Shasadeghi, M. Khooban, M. Khooban, T. Niknam

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 46

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to suggest an optimal multi-objective fuzzy fractional-order PIλDμPIλDμ controller (MOFFOPID) for the speed control of EV systems with time-delay. It is presumed that while the EV is in movement, the armature winding resistance of the direct current (DC) motor varies with time due to temperature changes and this makes it impossible to develop an accurate dynamic model for an EV system. Consequently, in order to have a fast and accurate tracking of the set-point, besides a smooth control signal, a new multi-objective stochastic optimisation is used for the online adjustment of the parameters of MOFFOPID controller. Moreover, a comparison is made between the results of the current study and those of some of the most recent studies on the same topic, which have used online multi-objective PI and online multi-objective fuzzy PI, to assess the efficiency of the suggested controller. Finally, the experimental results based on a TMS320F28335 DSP are implemented on a DC motor to verify the effectiveness of the proposed MOFFOPID controller in controlling the speed of the DC motor which has non-linear features. The results of the simulation confirm the desirable performance of suggested controller.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to suggest an optimal multi-objective fuzzy fractional-order PIλDμPIλDμ controller (MOFFOPID) for the speed control of EV systems with time-delay. [...]
- 0
- read
Multi-agent transactive energy management system considering high levels of renewable energy source and electric vehicles
H. Liang, B. Choi, P. Divshali

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 44

Abstract
The future smart grids (SGs) consist of considerable amount of renewable energy sources (RESs), electrical vehicles (EVs), and energy storage systems (ESSs). The uncertainties associated with EVs and uncontrollable nature of RESs have magnified voltage stability challenges and the importance of an effective energy management system (EMS) in SGs as a practical solution. This study presents a multi-agent transactive energy management system (TEMS) to control demand and supply in the presence of high levels of RESs and EVs, and maximises profit of each participant in addition to satisfying voltage regulation constraints. For this purpose, a real-time pricing is considered based on Cournot oligopoly competition model for demand and merit order effect for production to compensate RESs' fluctuations in real time by an indirect control method. Simulations are conducted in the modified IEEE 37-bus test system with 1141 customers, 670 EVs, two solar plants, four wind turbines, and one ESS. The results show that the proposed multi-agent TEMS can indirectly control EVs, elastic loads, and ESSs to balance the RESs oscillation, minimise customers cost, and regulate voltage in a real-time manner. "p"QC 20171204
Abstract
The future smart grids (SGs) consist of considerable amount of renewable energy sources (RESs), electrical vehicles (EVs), and energy storage systems (ESSs). The uncertainties [...]
- 0
- read
Simulating crowd evacuation with socio-cultural, cognitive, and emotional elements
T. Bosse, M. Robinson, M. Minkov, C. Wal, D. Formolo

Collection of closed articles in transport research (2017). Vol. 2017, 42

Abstract
In this research, the effects of culture, cognitions, and emotions on crisis management and prevention are analysed. An agent-based crowd evacuation simulation model was created, named IMPACT, to study the evacuation process from a transport hub. To extend previous research, various socio-cultural, cognitive, and emotional factors were modelled, including: language, gender, familiarity with the environment, emotional contagion, prosocial behaviour, falls, group decision making, and compliance. The IMPACT model was validated against data from an evacuation drill using the existing EXODUS evacuation model. Results show that on all measures, the IMPACT model is within or close to the prescribed boundaries, thereby establishing its validity. Structured simulations with the validated model revealed important findings, including: the effect of doors as bottlenecks, social contagion speeding up evacuation time, falling behaviour not affecting evacuation time significantly, and travelling in groups being more beneficial for evacuation time than travelling alone. This research has important practical applications for crowd management professionals, including transport hub operators, first responders, and risk assessors.
Abstract
In this research, the effects of culture, cognitions, and emotions on crisis management and prevention are analysed. An agent-based crowd evacuation simulation model was created, [...]
- 0
- read