Documents published in 2025 : Scipedia

High-demand industrial applications with thermochemically recycled carbon fiber
S. García-Arrieta, A. Calle, O. Ollo, O. Echeverria Altuna, C. Elizetxea, D. Calderón-Garrido, R. Zamora, M. Llona, R. Gonzalez

Materiales Compuestos (2025). Vol. 09 - Comunicaciones MatComp25 (2025), (Núm. 2 - Reciclaje y Sostenibilidad), 45

Abstract
The use of carbon fiber (CF) has increased in the last decade, shifting from the aeronautical sector to the leisure and automotive sectors. CF production requires high energy consumption and emits large amounts of CO2. This increase in consumption generates a greater amount of CF composite waste, which must be properly managed to give it a second life. Deremco project aims to transfer and increase the TRL of different recycling technologies for composite from the wind and aeronautical sectors. The companies IDEC, BIRZIPLASTIK, and TECNALIA have focused on the recovery of post-production waste from the aeronautical sector to obtain recycled CF (rCF) through a thermochemical process. IDEC proposed the horizontal stabilizer of an aircraft's as a use case. This secondary structure requires a lower level of mechanical properties, so the introduction of rCF has proven feasible. BIRZIPLASTIK proposes developing a thermoplastic formulation with high technical requirements for automotive applications. Two formulations have been developed that meet these requirements, one of which is 100% recycled material. To carry out these success use cases, TECNALIA has worked on optimized the rCF sizing processes and integrating it into the compounding and Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) processes.
Abstract
The use of carbon fiber (CF) has increased in the last decade, shifting from the aeronautical sector to the leisure and automotive sectors. CF production requires high energy [...]
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DOENÇA POLICÍSTICA DO FÍGADO ASSOCIADA A DOENÇA POLICÍSTICA RENAL: RELATO DE CASO NA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA E REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
V. Prado Junco

Collection of Articles on Medicine (2025). 4

Abstract
A Doença Policística do Fígado (DPF) é caracterizada pela formação de múltiplos cistos hepáticos e pode se apresentar de forma isolada ou associada à Doença Renal Policística Autossômica Dominante (DRPAD). A maioria dos casos é assintomática, mas alguns pacientes desenvolvem sintomas compressivos e complicações. Este trabalho descreve um caso clínico de DPF diagnosticado incidentalmente em paciente sintomática e realiza uma revisão crítica da literatura recente, enfatizando aspectos etiológicos, fisiopatológicos e terapêuticos da doença.
Abstract
A Doença Policística do Fígado (DPF) é caracterizada pela formação de múltiplos cistos hepáticos e pode se apresentar [...]
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'''Título:''' Interfaces entre Prática e Formação: Desempenho Profissional e Aquisição de Conhecimento na Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Família e Comunidade - Experiência como tutor. SP - Brasil
V. Prado Junco

Collection of Articles on Medicine (2025). 3
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Composite sustainability for aviation - Problem or solution?
T. Blanco Varela, E. Del Puerto Nevado, R. Ávila Domínguez

Materiales Compuestos (2025). Vol. 09 - Comunicaciones MatComp25 (2025), (Núm. 2 - Reciclaje y Sostenibilidad), 47

Abstract
Composite materials have highly contributed to the reduction of CO2 emissions of last generation aircrafts, due to their lightweight capabilities. However, the environmental burden during composite raw material production, part manufacturing and waste treatment versus aluminium alloys has become a priority during recent years and needs to be addressed asap. This applies to current aircraft but above all to ensure that composites are the best material choice for future more conventional or breakthrough products based on sustainable aviation fuel or liquid hydrogen propulsion.This presentation has the intention to be a general and comprehensive overview of the current situation and opportunities regarding composite sustainability for commercial aeronautical sector, including: Problem understanding: composites are key for more sustainable aviation. As-is situation: raw material and part production, composite scrap treatment. Opportunities to develop more sustainable composites: biosourced composites and mass balance, substance compliance, industrial carbon footprint reduction, recycling technologies and recyclable resins. Some tips and recommendations about how to approach the development of more sustainable composites and what to prioritize from a technical point of view.
Abstract
Composite materials have highly contributed to the reduction of CO2 emissions of last generation aircrafts, due to their lightweight capabilities. However, the environmental [...]
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Numerical Study of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with an Inner Cylindrical Deflector
N. Al-Khawlani, A. Fazlizan, A. Abdalkarem, A. Ibrahim, Z. Harun

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (2), 25

Abstract
Climate change demands innovative renewable energy solutions, with wind energy emerging as a key resource. Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are particularly suited for low-speed, turbulent wind environments due to their ability to capture wind from all directions. However, VAWTs face aerodynamic difficulties, especially at the downwind, where problems like negative torque and decreased efficiency are frequent. This study explores a novel solution for enhancing VAWT performance by incorporating an inner cylindrical deflector aimed at optimizing airflow around the blades. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, the study focuses on a three-bladed H-type VAWT with an airfoil profile of NACA0018 at a turbine diameter of 1 m. The simulations begin by evaluating a bare turbine arrangement, which shows negative torque beginning at an azimuth angle of about 165 degrees onwards. When a cylindrical deflector of different diameters is introduced, the torque coefficient and overall performance are greatly enhanced by a 0.3-meter diameter. The cylindrical deflector’s effectiveness is demonstrated by the 15% increase in power coefficient C pthat results from its inclusion. These results highlight how an inner cylindrical deflector could be a useful addition to VAWTs, resolving significant inefficiencies while preserving a positive angle of attack. This strategy offers a way forward for more effective VAWT designs in renewable energy systems in addition to increasing energy output. To enhance the efficiency of vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) for both urban and rural applications, future research could investigate different configurations and empirically confirm these findings.OPEN ACCESS Received: 21/01/2025 Accepted: 10/03/2025 Published: 20/04/2025
Abstract
Climate change demands innovative renewable energy solutions, with wind energy emerging as a key resource. Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are particularly suited for [...]
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A Fully Coupled Mechano-Chemical Digital Model for Environment-Induced Damage and Damage Propagation
S. Lv, W. He, Y. Miao, W. Zhang, T. Srivatsan

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (2), 24

Abstract
It is vital to enable and establish both comprehension and simulation of environment-induced damage processes for predicting the remaining service life of engineering structures and components, conducting reliability analysis, and designing to enhance the material’s overall resistance to such damage. A fully coupled mechano-chemical peridynamic (PD) model for environment-induced degradation, including corrosion, was developed based on both peridynamic corrosion theory and the mechano-chemical effect theory. When the conditions for phase transition are satisfied, the movement of boundaries occurs autonomously, without requiring any supplementary boundary conditions to be specified within the model. This model effectively simulates degradation arising from the combined and interactive influences of mechano-chemical phenomena. To validate the model, in-situ electrochemical tests and stress corrosion cracking tests were conducted, with the results used to explore the effects of stress and/or load on the kinetics of environment-induced damage in an aluminum alloy. The experimental electrochemical parameter values closely match theoretical predictions, validating the mechano-chemical effects. As stress levels increase, the corrosion potential of aluminum alloy 7050 shifts negatively, corrosion current density increases, and the severity of corrosion worsens. The explicit finite difference method was employed to simulate the damage evolution of a typical stress corrosion crack in the aluminum alloy. This numerical model easily simulates the morphological evolution of corrosion pits with arbitrary shapes under different stress conditions during growth. The numerical predictions closely match the experimental findings. This innovative study demonstrates that the fully coupled mechano-chemical peridynamic corrosion model can accurately capture environment-induced damage and is a valuable tool for investigating the propagation and growth of such damage in aggressive environments.OPEN ACCESS Received: 24/07/2024 Accepted: 15/11/2024 Published: 20/04/2025
Abstract
It is vital to enable and establish both comprehension and simulation of environment-induced damage processes for predicting the remaining service life of engineering structures [...]
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Coupled Magnetothermal Effects in Biomagnetic Fluid Flow over a Stretched Sheet with Copper Nanoparticles
H. Zuberi, N. Zainal

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (2), 23

Abstract
The study of biomagnetic nanofluids has gained significant attention due to their applications in biomedical engineering and thermal management systems, where precise control of heat and fluid flow is crucial. This research investigates the coupled effects of a magnetic dipole, thermal radiation, and copper nanoparticles on biomagnetic nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet to analyze their impact on velocity and temperature distribution. The governing equations are solved numerically using MATLAB’s bvp4c solver over the computational domain [0, 20], and results are validated against benchmark studies to ensure accuracy. Findings reveal that increasing nanoparticle volume fraction enhances thermal conductivity but reduces velocity due to increased viscosity, while stronger ferromagnetic interactions intensify localized heating, significantly altering temperature gradients. Additionally, streamline analysis illustrates the magnetic field’s influence on flow structures, and surface plots provide a comprehensive visualization of heat dissipation within the nanofluid. The study also highlights the role of viscous dissipation and Prandtl number in thermal regulation, offering insights applicable to magnetic hyperthermia treatments, targeted drug delivery, and advanced cooling technologies.OPEN ACCESS Received: 18/02/2025 Accepted: 21/03/2025 Published: 20/04/2025
Abstract
The study of biomagnetic nanofluids has gained significant attention due to their applications in biomedical engineering and thermal management systems, where precise control [...]
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A Sphalt Crack Recognition Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Automatic Threshold C-Means Clustering Algorithm
G. Zheng, Z. Jiang

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (2), 22

Abstract
Cracks are the most significant type of pavement disease, and the precise segmentation of cracks serves as an important decision-making basis for national preventive road maintenance management. In response to the problem of crack segmentation accuracy of existing pavement models under complex backgrounds, a crack recognition algorithm for remote sensing images based on the Fuzzy Automatic Threshold C-Means Clustering Algorithm (FATCM) was designed by incorporating local spatial and gray-level information constraints. The FATCM method can strengthen the inherent effectiveness of the traditional fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm, achieve uniform segmentation through fuzzy membership calculation and iterative process, and effectively eliminate edge ambiguity. The core innovation of FATCM resides in the introduction of the fuzzy local similarity measure, which is predicated upon the pixel spatial attraction model. This novel measure is astutely applied to automatically strike a refined equilibrium. Specifically, it ensures a high degree of insensitivity to noise, a factor of paramount importance in safeguarding the integrity of image data. Simultaneously, it minimizes the manifestation of edge-blurring artifacts, thereby proficiently retaining the minute and crucial details of the image. Multiple types of images in the Crack500 dataset were used in the experiments to evaluate the performance of FATCM. The experimental results show that this method has good detection results and can effectively extract weakly contrasted cracks and small cracks.OPEN ACCESS Received: 24/07/2024 Accepted: 16/12/2024 Published: 20/04/2025
Abstract
Cracks are the most significant type of pavement disease, and the precise segmentation of cracks serves as an important decision-making basis for national preventive road [...]
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A Numerical Study on MHD 3-D Casson-Nanofluid Flow Past an Exponentially Stretching Sheet with Double Cattaneo-Christov Diffusion Effects
M. Gundagani, V. Javvaji, D. Gadipalli, S. Pallerla, Q. Al-Mdallal, S. Bhati

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (2), 21

Abstract
A numerical study of a three-dimensional steady-state flow of a viscous incompressible Casson fluid containing nanofluid particles interacting with a stretching sheet is the primary focus of this work. The equations for concentration and energy include the Cattaneo-Christov double diffusion effects. This work transforms deriving the controlling boundary layer equations into similarity equations using non-linear similarity transformations in three-dimensional analyses. To evaluate this study, the following was done. In the case of the combined Runge-Kutta method and the shooting approach, it is possible to provide an analytical solution for the obtained equations. Moreover, a comparative analysis of the collected data with previously published results under certain circumstances demonstrates a significant concordance between the two sets of findings. The problem is governed by thirteen physical parameters. Figures and tables are used to depict the effects of different characteristics in the following chapters, including temperature, velocity, and concentration profiles, on distinct flow distributions.OPEN ACCESS Received: 08/01/2025 Accepted: 28/03/2025 Published: 20/04/2025
Abstract
A numerical study of a three-dimensional steady-state flow of a viscous incompressible Casson fluid containing nanofluid particles interacting with a stretching sheet is the [...]
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A Human-Computer Collaborative Behavior Measurement Model for Assembly in Constrained Visibility Environments
H. Zhan, Z. Wang, Y. Wang, Q. Lu, M. Zhu

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (2), 20

Abstract
Collision interference detection is an important concern in the manual installation of cable harnesses. Due to the complex and variable layout of cable harness installations, hand assembly movements are prone to collisions, contact, and other forms of interaction with surrounding equipment. Furthermore, cable harnesses often need to be routed along specific paths in visually constrained environments. Currently, there is a lack of modeling in the extraction of hand motion parameters and the data analysis of hand action intent. To address this challenge, we propose a novel human-machine collaboration behavior measurement model. This model not only provides a rapid solution for extracting hand motion parameters but also delivers efficient and natural visual feedback for the behavioral intent reflected by hand motion features. First, we introduce a hand motion parameter extraction mechanism based on a hand kinematics model. Second, we develop a virtual-to-real spatial registration model specifically designed for visually constrained conditions, enabling accurate recognition and 3D calibration of hand action intent. A user study experiment demonstrates that the proposed model outperforms traditional hand behavior measurement models in terms of manual task efficiency, hand motion recognition accuracy, and the naturalness of hand interactions. This improvement is particularly evident in visually constrained environments, effectively addressing challenges in obstacle avoidance and intent inference during spatially constrained assembly tasks.OPEN ACCESS Received: 10/09/2024 Accepted: 08/11/2024 Published: 20/04/2025
Abstract
Collision interference detection is an important concern in the manual installation of cable harnesses. Due to the complex and variable layout of cable harness installations, [...]
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Stability in the Sense of Hyers-Ulam of Proportional Fractional Stochastic Integral Equations
O. Alqasem, R. Fakhfakh

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (2), 19

Abstract
This work investigates the existence, uniqueness, and stability in the sense of Hyers-Ulam for a class of proportional fractional Itô-Doob stochastic integral equations (PFIDSIE). To establish these properties, we employ the Banach fixed point theorem (BFPT) in combination with several fundamental mathematical inequalities that provide insight into the structure of PFIDSIEs. The approach is structured to demonstrate not only the theoretical foundation of the existence and uniqueness of solutions but also the stability of these solutions in the Hyers-Ulam sense, which ensures that approximate solutions remain close to the exact solution under small perturbations. The results contribute to the broader field of fractional stochastic differential equations, particularly in situations where fractional dynamics and stochastic processes intersect. Furthermore, the findings are illustrated through three examples, showcasing the applicability and utility of the developed theory in practical settings.OPEN ACCESS Received: 29/01/2025 Accepted: 14/03/2025 Published: 20/04/2025
Abstract
This work investigates the existence, uniqueness, and stability in the sense of Hyers-Ulam for a class of proportional fractional Itô-Doob stochastic integral equations [...]
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MTNet: Multi-Task Underwater Image Enhancement Method Based on Retinex
Y. Song, X. Deng, H. Shao

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (2), 18

Abstract
Underwater images play a critical role in underwater exploration and related tasks. However, due to light attenuation and other underwater factors, underwater images often suffer from color distortion and low contrast, which to some extent limit the efficiency and safety of underwater exploration. To meticulously address these issues and enhance the accuracy and reliability of underwater exploration, this paper proposes a multi-task underwater image enhancement method based on Retinex theory. This method divides the underwater image enhancement task into several sub-tasks, including image decomposition, color correction, detail reconstruction, and illumination adjustment. Specialized sub-networks— DecomNet, DecolorNet, and DelightNet—are designed to specifically address these problems, thereby alleviating color distortion, enhancing image details, and improving contrast. Experiments conducted on several publicly underwater image datasets indicate that the quality of underwater images is significantly improved after enhancement with the proposed method, compared to other representative underwater image processing techniques. For example, on the real-world dataset Underwater Image Enhancement Benchmark, the MSE, Structural Similarity Index Measure, and Peak signal-to-noise ratio scores achieved were 453.480, 0.901, and 25.145, respectively. This study holds significant implications for underwater exploration, with potential applications in the fields of marine research and underwater archaeology.OPEN ACCESS Received: 03/11/2024 Accepted: 27/12/2024 Published: 20/04/2025
Abstract
Underwater images play a critical role in underwater exploration and related tasks. However, due to light attenuation and other underwater factors, underwater images often [...]
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Study and Optimization of Energy Absorption Characteristics of Windowed Multi-Cell Thin-Walled Conical Tube under the Axial Loading
T. Wei, X. Lin, X. Zhou, C. Kou, S. Zeng

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (2), 17

Abstract
Conical tubes have attracted significant attention due to their more stable deformation mode and lower initial peak load compared to non-conical tubes under axial load. Firstly, based on LS-DYNA software and a multiobjective optimization algorithm, simulations of the conical tube structure under axial load were conducted to determine the optimal dimensions of the conical tube. Then, based on the optimal unicellular conical tube structure, the energy absorption characteristics of the windowed multicell conical tube structures with horizontal and vertical partitions and square holes were designed, and a predictive expression for the mean load was proposed based on the simulation data. Finally, the results show that the optimal dimensions of the mono-cell conical tube are ϕ= 10° and t = 1.29 mm, while the optimal dimensions of the windowed multi-cell conical tube structure are four transverse split panels (v= 4), four vertical split panels (n= 4), and four holes (k = 4). Compared to the unicellular conical tube, the energy absorption efficiency of the windowed multi-cell conical tube has increased by 70.06%, while the initial peak load has decreased by 23.60%. Furthermore, both simulation and experimental results show that the predictive expression for the mean load of the windowed multicell conical tube exhibits good universality and reliability. The research results provide a new design concept for thin-walled conical tube energy absorption boxes.OPEN ACCESS Received: 24/07/2024 Accepted: 09/12/2024 Published: 20/04/2025
Abstract
Conical tubes have attracted significant attention due to their more stable deformation mode and lower initial peak load compared to non-conical tubes under axial load. Firstly, [...]
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Efficient Analytic Technique for Fractional Fourth-Order Cubic Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation
A. Hagag, Z. Alqahtani, A. Arafa

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (2), 16

Abstract
This paper presents an advanced analytical solution for the fractional fourth-order dispersive cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (DNLS), a model significant for engineering applications in optical fiber systems, quantum mechanics, and plasma physics. This work leverages the qhomotopy analysis transform method (q-HATM) to address the challenges in modeling complex, nonlinear wave propagation in engineering and physics applications involving fractional dynamics. By providing highly accurate, convergent solutions, this method allows engineers and scientists to model memory effects and higher-order dispersions more effectively in systems like optical waveguides and plasma waves. The demonstrated accuracy and convergence of q-HATM establish it as a practical tool for researchers aiming to solve complex wave propagation problems, advancing both theoretical understanding and real-world engineering solutions in nonlinear optics, quantum fields, and other areas requiring precise modeling of wave interactions.OPEN ACCESS Received: 25/10/2024 Accepted: 05/03/2025 Published: 20/04/2025
Abstract
This paper presents an advanced analytical solution for the fractional fourth-order dispersive cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (DNLS), a model significant for engineering [...]
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PCB Defect Detection Algorithm Combining Cascaded-Wise Residual and Dynamic Sparse Attention
W. FAN, J. Peng, S. Lan

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (2), 15

Abstract
Detecting defects is crucial to ensuring the quality of printed circuit board (PCB) products. Due to the diminutive nature of surface defects on PCBs, current detection algorithms struggle to extract small defect features accurately, leading to a propensity for missed detections. To tackle these challenges, we propose a PCB defect detection algorithm that builds upon the YOLOv7 algorithm with enhancements. Firstly, we integrate the proposed CREC module into the backbone network to enhance the capture of local features about minor defects. Secondly, we propose the integration of a multi-scale feature fusion module, SPPB, within the head network to selectively activate channels or positions related to minor defects in the feature map, thereby enhancing the accuracy of local feature extraction for minor defects. Subsequently, the algorithm is endowed with higher efficiency in learning small defect features with the help of a new loss function, MPNWD. Finally, a small target detection layer P2 is added to enrich the contextual information in order to facilitate the algorithm to understand the relationship between small defects and their surrounding regions. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the enhanced YOLOv7 algorithm in testing the PCB_DATASET defect dataset, achieving a detection accuracy (mAP) of 99.3%, surpassing YOLOv7 by 5.4%, and outperforming other algorithms in terms of detection accuracy.OPEN ACCESS Received: 24/07/2024 Accepted: 19/11/2024 Published: 20/04/2025
Abstract
Detecting defects is crucial to ensuring the quality of printed circuit board (PCB) products. Due to the diminutive nature of surface defects on PCBs, current detection algorithms [...]
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Building a Conversational AI Medium to Enhance Psychotherapy Training with Virtual Patients
M. Petrizzo

J. of Dawn. R. (2025). Vol. 7, 3

Abstract
Psychotherapists in training lack a standardized and formalized method of patient interaction for proper development of empathy, communication, and experience. Currently, training involves residents practicing with each other, where one acts as the patient and one as the psychotherapist, or with simulated patients -actors who replicate patient scenarios. Both methods have shortcomings in availability, reliability, and the accuracy in replicating real scenarios. This project attempted to create virtual patients by utilizing online patient transcripts through the fine-tuning of three modern Artificial Intelligence models, ChatGPT-4o, LlaMa-3.1v-405B, and Gemini 1.5 Pro; as well as their miniature versions where applicable. A website interface was created to interact with the fine-tuned models for evaluation. The accuracy of the models was determined using cosine similarities to measure semantic relation between data and model outputs, ranging from 93.3% to 83.11% , with ChatGPT-4o Mini achieving the highest accuracy. These findings highlight the potential for virtual patients to serve as a more accessible, reliable, and effective training method for residents. Further evaluation and continual refinement remain necessary to address current limitations.
Abstract
Psychotherapists in training lack a standardized and formalized method of patient interaction for proper development of empathy, communication, and experience. Currently, [...]
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Increasing Profitability in Wind Turbine Blade Recycling: A Pyrolysis-Based Approach with Thermal Treatment of Volatiles
A. Lopez-Urionabarrenechea, P. Arbulo, G. Insunza, A. Serras-Malillos, E. Acha, B. Perez-Martinez, B. Caballero

Materiales Compuestos (2025). Vol. 09 - Comunicaciones MatComp25 (2025), (Núm. 2 - Reciclaje y Sostenibilidad), 53

Abstract
Pyrolysis is a technically suitable process for recovering fibres from reinforced plastic waste that may also contain other types of materials (wood, foam, lacquer, etc.), such as wind turbine blades at the end of their useful life. The economic profitability of the pyrolysis recycling process depends mainly on the value of the recovered fibres, since pyrolysis liquids currently have no industrial application (and are therefore hazardous waste) and the gases are usually used to partially supply the energy requirements of the process, which is endothermic. Given that the wind turbine blades currently being retired are mainly made of glass fibres, which have low economic value, the profitability of the pyrolysis recycling process for this type of blade is a critical issue. This paper presents an analysis of the increase in the profitability of a wind turbine blade pyrolysis process that includes a treatment stage to improve the properties of the liquid and gaseous products. To this end, the investment required for this treatment (additional process units) has been defined and the energy costs and liquid waste management costs have been quantified in scenarios with and without treatment, including in the latter case the income from the sale of hydrogen. With this information and the amortisation expense, the incremental income statements derived from carrying out the treatment have been prepared, obtaining the net cash flows (NCF). The NCF has been used to calculate the net present value (NPV) of the investment project, as this is the best criterion from a financial point of view for evaluating a project. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed taking into account deviations in the investment to be made, income and costs. The results show that the cost of managing liquid waste is the parameter with the greatest influence on profitability, meaning that implementing the treatment increases the profitability of the recycling process.
Abstract
Pyrolysis is a technically suitable process for recovering fibres from reinforced plastic waste that may also contain other types of materials (wood, foam, lacquer, etc.), [...]
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Process monitoring of aeronautical-graded materials using fiber optics sensors during liquid resin infusion: study on scalability methods
C. Builes, M. Román Rodríguez, T. González, A. Núñez, R. Lombera

Materiales Compuestos (2025). Vol. 09 - Comunicaciones MatComp25 (2025), (Núm. 1 - Fabricación y Aplicaciones Industriales), 41

Abstract
The main objective of the FLASH-COMP project is to develop an advanced and efficient quality control solution, operator oriented, capable of detecting defects early and accurately during the manufacturing process. This facilitates the implementation of in-situ corrective actions, aiming to achieve a zero-defect Liquid Resin Infusion (LRI) manufacturing process while significantly, reducing waste generation in composite material production. FLASH-COMP seeks to introduce new diagnostic methods that enable real-time process monitoring, providing relevant information during the process without compromising performance or the quality of the final component. Two embedded fiber optic sensor technologies are used: Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) and Distributed All Grating (AGF), which are combined to collect process data during the preforming and resin infusion stages. Both technologies are integrated into a complex-geometry component to monitor different critical areas simultaneously. These technologies generate valuable process data, requiring an optimal strategy of sensor positioning, that can adapt to abrupt geometric changes without compromising sensor integrity or component quality. Both sensor technologies provide relevant information related to vacuum level and leaks, temperature, resin impregnation and part curing. This type of sensor requires prior training of the operator for its correct handling and analysis of the data generated. New strategies for manipulating sensors are proposed to facilitate their manipulation on an industrial scale.
Abstract
The main objective of the FLASH-COMP project is to develop an advanced and efficient quality control solution, operator oriented, capable of detecting defects early and accurately [...]
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Environmental sustainability assessment of a recyclable wind turbine blade: Preliminary results
A. Gamarra, P. ATANCE, Y. LECHÓN, R. CARNICERO, I. CRUZ, M. López-Manchado, R. Verdejo, J. Costa, J. FARJAS, D. TRIAS.

Materiales Compuestos (2025). Vol. 09 - Comunicaciones MatComp25 (2025), (Núm. 2 - Reciclaje y Sostenibilidad), 51

Abstract
Recycling wind turbine blades is a key element in ensuring the sustainability of the energy transition. Conventional wind turbine blades made of epoxy-based composite plastics cannot be recycled and are mostly disposed of in landfills. This paper presents the environmental sustainability assessment of a blade manufactured with a new recyclable liquid thermoplastic resin. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology was applied to calculate the environmental footprint, including 16 impact categories, enabling a comparison between the environmental impact of a conventional blade and one based on the new recyclable resin. The results from the resin production stage showed that the innovative resin had a higher environmental impact than epoxy. For example, in the climate change category, the emissions were 7.89 kg CO₂ eq./kg compared to 3.99 kg CO₂ eq./kg. However, it is necessary to evaluate the full life cycle of the blade, including use phase, recycling process, resin recovery, and the manufacturing of new blades. The results of the full life cycle assessment of a blade manufactured with the recovered innovative material will be presented. The life cycle approach is essential for assessing novel material applications to support the sustainable deployment of renewable energy technologies, including circularity criteria.
Abstract
Recycling wind turbine blades is a key element in ensuring the sustainability of the energy transition. Conventional wind turbine blades made of epoxy-based composite plastics [...]
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Development of smart technology for monitoring the manufacturing process of composite parts in the aerospace industry
M. Garaigordobil, F. Vallejo, E. Cereza, P. Olaskoaga, A. Uriarte, R. Garcia-Etxabe, A. Zhukov, V. Zhukova

Materiales Compuestos (2025). Vol. 09 - Comunicaciones MatComp25 (2025), (Núm. 1 - Fabricación y Aplicaciones Industriales), 37

Abstract
In recent years, the aerospace industry has seen significant advancements thanks to the incorporation of composite materials, which enable the design of lighter structures with excellent mechanical properties. However, the manufacturing process of these composites remains difficult to monitor and still lacks proper standardization. This has led to the need for the development of intelligent control technologies that can be implemented to efficiently oversee the production cycle. In this work, a detailed analysis of the various stages involved in the infusion-based manufacturing process of composite parts has been carried out, identifying weaknesses and defects that may arise during production. The technology developed aims to implement a wireless monitoring system using ferromagnetic microwires embedded in structural composite components, with the goal of improving process control and reducing potential errors. Although the knowledge gained from this project is focused on a specific manufacturing process, the results obtained could be extrapolated to other sectors operating under similar conditions. In this way, the quality and added value of the parts produced with this technology are enhanced, ensuring compliance with the stringent demands of the market.
Abstract
In recent years, the aerospace industry has seen significant advancements thanks to the incorporation of composite materials, which enable the design of lighter structures [...]
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Advanced thermal control of VARI process with self-heating mold
M. Escolano, I. Conde, M. Lizaranzu, J. Rodríguez, J. Orús, F. Martín-de-la-Escalera, M. Laspalas

Materiales Compuestos (2025). Vol. 09 - Comunicaciones MatComp25 (2025), (Núm. 1 - Fabricación y Aplicaciones Industriales), 40

Abstract
Manufacturing liquid composites with thermoset resins requires precise temperature control throughout the process. In the specific case of vacuum infusion (VARI) in a self-heating mold, one side of the part is in contact with the mold, which is the one that incorporates the heating elements (resistors), while the other side is in contact with the consumables (peelable, bleeder, mesh, vacuum bag), which imposes a substantially different thermal condition that can create thermal gradients. In order to achieve the greatest possible thermal uniformity, not only throughout the length of the part, but also throughout its thickness, additional external heating elements are usually incorporated. In the present work, the thermal control of an infusion process of a leading edge section of a horizontal stabilizer of an aircraft is developed. This control has been developed using the MPC (Model Predictive Control) method, which allows applying the necessary power to the heat sources independently to control the temperature at the measurement points, based on predictions obtained from a reduced-order thermal model (MOR). This reduced representation has been generated using the POD (Proper Orthogonal Decomposition) technique from the thermal matrices obtained from a finite element simulation (FEM) model of the prototype mold, previously adjusted and validated. In order to detect and compensate for the nonlinear behaviors present in the system, mainly due to convection, a perturbation estimator using a Kalman filter is implemented. In addition, the reduced-order model allows a thermal representation of the complete system to be obtained, which facilitates the implementation of virtual sensors in a way that controls not only the temperature at the measurement points, but also at points of the part that would not be possible to monitor with physical sensors, helping to maintain a homogeneous temperature distribution in the material during the manufacturing process. The control scheme has been experimentally validated on the prototype mold, obtaining precise monitoring of the temperature profile and complying with the manufacturing standards of the part.
Abstract
Manufacturing liquid composites with thermoset resins requires precise temperature control throughout the process. In the specific case of vacuum infusion (VARI) in a self-heating [...]
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Investigation of Electrolytes for Enhancing Hardness of MAO Coatings on 6061 Aluminum Alloy and the Correlation between Hardness and Corrosion Resistance: Statistical review
. m.abudari, . l.shehadeh

Collection of Engineering (2025). 1

Abstract
Aluminum 6061 alloy is the most frequently used aluminum alloy in automobile, aircraft, and aerospace industries. However, poor wear and corrosion resistances, considerably affecting their scaled-up applications. Microarc oxidation (MAO) is ecofriendly, straightforward, efficient, and rapid technique for improving the surface characteristics of aluminum alloys and proves to be a highly effective surface treatment technique to enhance the corrosion and wear resistances of aluminum alloys. This article describes progresses realized in recent years for understanding the effects of electrolyte type, electrolyte composition, and additives on the morphology and properties of MAO coating film, and on the hardness of MAO coatings .Usually, applying an electrolyte system and introducing some additives in appropriate concentrations can improve the quality of the MAO coatings and their hardness, whereas some additives have negative effects on the hardness which is related to the corrosive behavior of aluminum. This review article showed that the microhardness values of the MAO coatings which was prepared in Na2AlO2 electrolyte was greater than the one which was prepared in Na2SiO3 electrolyte with percentage 62 %. As well as found that coatings generated by using pulsed-bipolar mode power source in MAO gives superior characteristics and investigated that provide additives to electrolyte not always enhance hardness and corrosion resistance. The review also highlights that higher hardness often correlates with improved corrosion resistance.
Abstract
Aluminum 6061 alloy is the most frequently used aluminum alloy in automobile, aircraft, and aerospace industries. However, poor wear and corrosion resistances, considerably [...]
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Comparative life cycle assesment (LCA) of a boat hatch made of glass fibre and flax fibre reinforced composites
A. Lopez-Arraiza, G. MARTÍNEZb

Materiales Compuestos (2025). Vol. 09 - Comunicaciones MatComp25 (2025), (Núm. 2 - Reciclaje y Sostenibilidad), 44

Abstract
The widespread use of glass fibre-reinforced composites in the marine industry is primarily attributed to their low cost, favourable mechanical properties, and high resistance to marine corrosion. However, their limited recyclability poses significant environmental concerns at end-of-life (EoL). Consequently, more sustainable alternatives such as biocomposites reinforced with natural fibres are being explored. This study presents a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the fore hatch of a small boat, currently manufactured by hand lay-up using glass fibre reinforced polyester glass fibre (GFRP), and a proposed alternative with flax fabric reinforced bio-epoxy (FFRB) produced by vacuum infusion. Initially, FFRB laminates were manufactured and mechanically characterised through three-point bending tests. Based on ISO 12215-5:2019 for small craft construction, the required laminate thicknesses for the FFRB hatch were determined, achieving a 14% weight reduction compared to the GFRP counterpart. Subsequently, a cradle-to-grave LCA was performed using OpenLCA software and the Ecoinvent v3.9.1 database. Results revealed that the FFRB hatch offers lower environmental impacts in fossil fuel depletion (ΔADP = –16%) and human toxicity (ΔHTP = –54%). However, terrestrial ecotoxicity (ΔTETP = +238%) increased due to pesticide and fertiliser use in flax cultivation. In conclusion, FFRB represents an environmentally sustainable alternative for marine component manufacturing, although further research is required to enhance its end-of-life performance.
Abstract
The widespread use of glass fibre-reinforced composites in the marine industry is primarily attributed to their low cost, favourable mechanical properties, and high resistance [...]
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Impact-Fatigue of Self-Reinforced Polyethylene Terephthalate
J. Aurrekoetxea, M. Baskaran, L. Aretxabaleta

Materiales Compuestos (2025). Vol. 09 - Comunicaciones MatComp25 (2025), (Núm. 2 - Reciclaje y Sostenibilidad), 52

Abstract
The objective of this work was to characterise the impact-fatigue behaviour of self-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (srPET). The impact characterisation results, covering the range of incident energies from subcritical to perforation, show that the main deformation mechanism is plastic deformation followed by tensile fracture of the PET fibres, and that the energy penetration threshold for a 1.1 mm thick specimen is 13.9 J. In single-impact scenarios, srPET has a specific penetration threshold of 3.24 J/g, which is worse than self-reinforced polypropylene (srPP). However, if the environmental goal is to reduce waste volume, srPET is a better option since PET has a recycling fraction of 18.2%, compared to 2.7% for PP. Additionally, srPET guarantees a lifespan of 100 impacts for incident energies up to 60% of its penetration threshold, while srPP cannot exceed 40%. Finally, the fatigue life loss of srPET is also more gradual, a key aspect from the structural integrity point of view.
Abstract
The objective of this work was to characterise the impact-fatigue behaviour of self-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (srPET). The impact characterisation results, covering [...]
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Eco-design in Automotive through 'Material Matrix Assessment': Use Case in the Salient Project
R. Ledo, A. Tielas, V. Ventosinos, M. Moldes, D. García

Materiales Compuestos (2025). Vol. 09 - Comunicaciones MatComp25 (2025), (Núm. 2 - Reciclaje y Sostenibilidad), 50

Abstract
Eco-design in the automotive sector integrates environmental considerations into the product development process to minimize impact throughout the vehicle’s entire life cycle. This approach addresses aspects such as resource efficiency, emission reduction, and end-of-life options (recycling, reuse, etc.). In recent years, eco-design has gained relevance due to increasing regulations and growing user awareness of sustainability. However, its implementation is often based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), a complex and demanding method during early design phases, as it requires detailed data to deliver reliable comparative results. This can delay the development time of new components—a critical parameter in the automotive industry. To overcome this limitation, CTAG has developed its own methodology, the Material Matrix Assessment, which enables rapid preliminary analysis of multiple designs without requiring detailed specifications. This qualitative methodology can identify designs with the highest environmental potential using key metrics selected by a multidisciplinary team. Each category is scored and weighted according to its relevance, resulting in an overall score for each design concept. The Material Matrix Assessment was successfully applied in the European SALIENT project, using a front-end structure as a use case. In addition to facilitating the selection of the design with the lowest environmental footprint from the earliest stages of development, the methodology also enabled a system weight reduction of over 40%.
Abstract
Eco-design in the automotive sector integrates environmental considerations into the product development process to minimize impact throughout the vehicle’s entire life [...]
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Integración de estructuras en material compuesto termoplástico mediante soldadura por inducción
J. Ávila, L. Moreno, D. Cuadrillero, I. Martín

Materiales Compuestos (2025). Vol. 09 - Comunicaciones MatComp25 (2025), (Núm. 1 - Fabricación y Aplicaciones Industriales), 36

Abstract
Los materiales compuestos termoplásticos (TPCs) están transformando la industria aeroespacial gracias a su alta tenacidad, capacidad de reprocesamiento y reciclabilidad, alineándose con los objetivos de sostenibilidad y reducción de peso estructural para minimizar las emisiones de carbono. No obstante, las técnicas de unión convencionales, como remaches y adhesivos, presentan limitaciones significativas, como la pérdida de integridad estructural debido a perforaciones, el aumento de peso y procesos largos y costosos. La soldadura de TPCs es un proceso de unión para eliminar las superficies diferenciadas de las piezas a soldar mediante una nueva consolidación del material. El entrelazamiento de las cadenas poliméricas resultante en la zona soldada posibilita la transferencia de cargas a través de la interfaz. Esta técnica permite obtener uniones ligeras, sin necesidad de elementos adicionales, y con propiedades mecánicas comparables al material base. FIDAMC trabaja sobre un método de soldadura por inducción para material compuesto termoplástico, bajo el cual han sido fabricadas probetas a partir de paneles planos. Las probetas simulan el pie de un larguerillo soldado a un revestimiento como resultado de la puesta a punto del proceso. Las probetas han sido ensayadas obteniendo propiedades mecánicas por encima del 90% respecto del valor de referencia Este trabajo ha estado apoyado por un modelo numérico creado en COMSOL Multiphysics para modelar y simular la interacción entre los campos electromagnéticos y la distribución térmica a lo largo del material durante el proceso de soldadura.
Abstract
Los materiales compuestos termoplásticos (TPCs) están transformando la industria aeroespacial gracias a su alta tenacidad, capacidad de reprocesamiento y reciclabilidad, [...]
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Hybridisation of thermoplastic composite forging and continuous fibre additive manufacturing for automotive industry
U. Olaziregi Cuevas, M. Baskaran, I. Harismendy, A. Calle, J. Badiola, A. Arrillaga, A. Esnaola

Materiales Compuestos (2025). Vol. 09 - Comunicaciones MatComp25 (2025), (Núm. 1 - Fabricación y Aplicaciones Industriales), 43

Abstract
Thermoplastic composites are becoming increasingly important in the automotive industry due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, recyclability and cost-effectiveness. Within these composites, continuous fibre-reinforced composites offer superior mechanical properties than discontinuous fibre-reinforced composites, but their design flexibility is limited. In contrast, discontinuous fibre composites allow more complex geometries. A promising approach to overcome these limitations and improve composite components is hybrid manufacturing, which integrates multiple manufacturing techniques. In this work, we have studied the feasibility of combining the additive manufacturing of composites with continuous glass fibre (cAM) and the forging of thermoplastic materials reinforced with discontinuous fibre (GMT). A topologically optimised cAM reinforcement has been inserted into forged GMT omega profiles. The results of microscopic analysis have confirmed that there is adequate compaction between the hybridised materials. Furthermore, the results of numerical simulations replicating a three-point bending test have demonstrated the potential of cAM as a local reinforcement in forged components, as the specific stiffness of the hybrid beams was increased by up to 42%. This hybridisation technique represents a significant advancement towards the development of innovative solutions in thermoplastic composite processes, with the potential to produce lighter, stronger components adapted to complex geometries.
Abstract
Thermoplastic composites are becoming increasingly important in the automotive industry due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, recyclability and cost-effectiveness. Within [...]
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Investigation of Load Sharing Factor of the Fixed-Setting Face-Milled Curvilinear Cylindrical Gear by Finite Element Method
X. Zhang, Y. Dong, B. Gan

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (1), 13

Abstract
The fixed-setting face-milled curvilinear cylindrical gear (FSC gear) is a type of parallel-axis gear characterized by a circular arc-shape tooth in the longitudinal direction, with contact impressions on the tooth surface that can be adjusted through the manufacturing process. The finite element method is employed to investigate the effects of various gear parameters on the load-sharing factor (LSF) of FSC-gears. Initially, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to enhance the accuracy of the finite element model for FSC gear drives. Secondly, the accuracy of the finite element model was validated by the Hertzian contact theory. Furthermore, the correctness of the finite element method for determining the LSF was validated based on American Gear Manufacturers Association standards (AGMA). In this study, the effects of assembly errors, tooth modification, driving torque, cutter radius, and contact pattern size on LSF are investigated by numerical examples. The results show that the precise LSF can be determined without intentionally increasing the element density of the subsurface of the tooth surface. Compared with the AGMA standard, the finite element method offers advantages in calculating the LSF of any non-standard gear. The influence of the milling cutter radius and the tooth surface contact pattern size on the LSF can be neglected.OPEN ACCESS Received: 11/08/2024 Accepted: 21/11/2024 Published: 07/04/2025
Abstract
The fixed-setting face-milled curvilinear cylindrical gear (FSC gear) is a type of parallel-axis gear characterized by a circular arc-shape tooth in the longitudinal direction, [...]
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Optimal Control Strategies for COVID-19 Epidemic Management: A Mathematical Modeling Approach Using the SEIQR Framework
R. Ramalingam, A. Gnanaprakasam, S. Boulaaras

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (1), 12

Abstract
T he COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the development of robust mathematical models to understand and mitigate its impact. This study presentsacompartmentalmodel for the IndianpandemicCOVID-19 dynamics, incorporating key compartments such as susceptible, exposed, infected, quarantined, and recovered populations. The positivity and boundednessofsolutionsarerigorously analyzed to ensure that the model remains biologically meaningful over time. A detailed exploration of the basic reproduction number R0 is conducted using the next-generation matrix approach, identifying it as a pivotal threshold parameter dictating disease dynamics. Theequilibriaof thesystem, includingthe Disease-Free Equilibrium (DFE) and the Endemic Equilibrium (EE), are derived and analyzed for their stability properties. The local stability of the DFE is established for R0 < 1, while conditions for the existence and stability of the EE are explored for R0 > 1. Additionally, the study employs Lyapunov functions to assess the global stability of equilibria, ensuring the robustness of the proposed model under varying initial conditions. T he Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle is utilized to derive optimal con trol strategies, focusing on minimizing the number of infections and optimizing interventions such as vaccination, treatment, and quarantine measures like wearing a face mask and hand washing. Numerical simula tions validate the theoretical findings, providing critical insights into the effectiveness of various control measures. This comprehensive framework contributes to the mathematical understanding of COVID-19 dynamics and offers valuable guidance for public health decision-making.
Abstract
T he COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the development of robust mathematical models to understand and mitigate its impact. This study presentsacompartmentalmodel for [...]
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The Influence of Specific Heat Ratio on the Flow Characteristics of Over-Expanded Single Expansion Ramp Nozzles
Z. Wang, T. Yu, Y. Guo, R. Liu, Y. Yu

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (1), 11

Abstract
The flow field in the over-expanded single expansion ramp nozzle (SERN) demonstrates pronounced flow separation, intricate interactions involving intersecting and reflecting shocks, and mutual interference between shocks and boundary layers. Discrepancies arising from cold flow experiments vs. actual operational conditions introduce a notable influence of the specific heat ratio (γ ) on shock angles and shock/boundary layer interactions, thereby impacting the entire flow field. In this study, the differences between the cold flow conditions inside the nozzle and the actual operating conditions are found through numerical simulations, and the effects of γ on the shock structure and the shock/boundary layer interactions in an over-expanded SERN are investigated. Results indicated that cold flow experiments inadequately represented the authentic flow dynamics within the nozzle. Under varying nozzle pressure ratios (NPR) and γ conditions, the two-dimensional (2D) flow field structure of the over-expanded SERN exhibited diverse configurations of separated shock structures, encompassing Mach reflections, regular reflections, and triangular shock waves. Furthermore, alterations in γ influenced the movement of separation and reattachment points, induced pressure variations, and potentially triggered a transition in flow separation patterns. The changes in NPR and γ also modified the position and scale of the separation region, with an augmented NPR intensifying this effect. Moreover, the smaller values of γ were likely to lead to flow separation, separation pattern transitions, and changes in the structure of the separated shock waves. Compared with the 2D case, the three-dimensional outcomes indicated that the separated shock structure on the symmetry plane remained consistent, whereas that away from the symmetry plane contracted inward. The interaction patterns of the separated shocks on the ramp and flap also changed.OPEN ACCESS Received: 23/07/2024 Accepted: 07/11/2024 Published: 07/04/2025
Abstract
The flow field in the over-expanded single expansion ramp nozzle (SERN) demonstrates pronounced flow separation, intricate interactions involving intersecting and reflecting [...]
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Effectiveness Heat Transfer of CombinedConvectionFlowAg-TiO2-GOWater Casson Ternary Hybrid Nanofluids in Magneto-Hydrodynamic Medium
M. Alotaibi, M. Shqair, M. Swalmeh, A. Hagag

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (1), 10

Abstract
The chief target of this existing study is to demonstrate and discuss the problem behaviors of ternary hybrid nanofluid (HNF) flow across a vertical sheet. The boundary layer through a Casson medium and magneto-hydrodynamics effects were considered. Besides that, the constant wall temperature boundary conditions were also subjected to the present problem. The non-dimensional dominant equations for the considered problem are studied numerically, and the Keller box method (KBM) is meticulously chosen because of its suitability and accuracy. The outcome linear system of equations was programmed via MATLAB command software. The impact of magnetic, Casson ternary (HNFs), and mixed convection coefficients on the interested physical quantities in this study were obtained as results on the type figures and tables. These work outcomes agree with earlier work outcomes. The outcome linear system of equations was programmed via MATLAB command software. The effects of magnetic, Casson, nanoparticle (NPs) volume fraction, and mixed convection parameters on Nusselt number (Nu), local skin friction, temperature profiles, and velocity profiles were obtained as results from the type figures and tables. As an important result, the parameters enhanced the heat transfer, velocity, and friction when adding (NPs), so the ternary (HNFs) studied in the present study became an efficient fluid. These current work outcomes are in excellent agreement with earlier work outcomes.OPEN ACCESS Received: 10/10/2024 Accepted: 07/01/2025 Published: 07/04/2025
Abstract
The chief target of this existing study is to demonstrate and discuss the problem behaviors of ternary hybrid nanofluid (HNF) flow across a vertical sheet. The boundary layer [...]
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Effects of Fan Installation on Ventilation in Indoor Sports Halls: A Numerical Simulation Study
Y. Xiao, X. Wu

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (1), 9

Abstract
In this study, numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the changes in air circulation after the installation of fans in a large indoor sports hall. It was found that optimizing the arrangement of fans and the settings for doors and windows can significantly enhance air convection, improve the distribution of airflow, and increase the thermal comfort of athletes. The combination of natural ventilation systems with mechanical fans can further improve air quality and energy efficiency. These findings can provide practical recommendations for the design of sports halls, which are crucial for improving athletes’ performance and comfort, as well as enhancing the experience of spectators and other users. The analysis results indicate that in Model 2, the average wind speed of Scheme 7 is 1.6% higher than that of Scheme 5, 11.5% higher than that of Scheme 6, and 34.3% higher than that of Scheme 8. Therefore, Schemes 7 and 5 are identified as the optimal solutions for Model 2. When comparing the optimal solutions of both models, it was found that the average wind speed of Scheme 7 is 1.6% higher than that of Scheme 5, and 12% higher than that of Scheme 1, making Scheme 7 the overall optimal solution.OPEN ACCESS Received: 17/07/2024 Accepted: 31/10/2024 Published: 07/04/2025
Abstract
In this study, numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the changes in air circulation after the installation of fans in a large indoor sports hall. It was found [...]
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An Application for Pair Sum Modulo Labeling in Cryptography
P. Amudha, J. Jayapriya

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (1), 8

Abstract
In the dynamic realmof cybersecurity, it is important to create a strong cryptographic technique to protect sensitive data against advanced threats. This paper introduces an innovative encryption and decryp tion technique leveraging graph theory and matrix algebra, especially through the use of pair sum modulo (PSM) labeling of graphs, adjacency matrices, and self-invertible matrices. The PSM labeling for a simple undirected graph G(VG, EG)with |VG| = p and |EG| = q, is an 1-1 map FG:VG → {±1,±2,...,±p}, and there is an induced edge labeling bijective function gG:EG → {0,1,2,...,(q − 1)} such that gG (uv) = [FG(u)+FG(v)](mod q) is distinct for each edge uv. A graph that satisfies PSM labeling is known as a PSM graph. Building on recent developments in graph labeling and matrix applications in cryp tography, our method enhances security. It improves resistance to brute force attacks by utilizing a large key space. Additionally, it leverages the complexity of matrix inversion to make cryptanalysis more difficult. The amalgamation of these mathematical groundworks reinforces the entropy and resistance to bit-flipping, thereby stimulating the ciphertext against statistical and cryptanalytic threats. We utilize the core principles of PSM labeling andalgorithmicencryptionmethods,asdefinedinpriorresearch, to develop an innovative cryptographic algorithm. The sustainability of the proposed method is verified through a thorough evaluation of its encryption efficacy, computational complexity, and a comparative study with existing cryptographic techniques. This work not only contributes to a new approach to the cryptographic domain but also opens avenues for further research into the integration of advanced mathematical structures in encryption algorithms.
Abstract
In the dynamic realmof cybersecurity, it is important to create a strong cryptographic technique to protect sensitive data against advanced threats. This paper introduces [...]
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Research on Master Production Schedule Optimization of Fast-Moving Consumer Goods Companies Based on the APO-NSAGA Algorithm
F. Ning, Y. Jin, P. Zhang, X. Yang

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (1), 7

Abstract
This study addresses several issues related to the Master Production Schedule (MPS) in companies, such as over-reliance on manual scheduling by planners, failure to consider the overall perspective of the company, lack of consideration for the impact of seasonal demand fluctuations on the MPS, overlooking potential losses due to stockouts and the resulting loss of market share, inability to adjust the MPS in a timely manner to respond to complex and rapidly changing market demands, and the suboptimal outcomes of the manually compiled production plans. To address these problems, an MPS model is established with the goals of optimizing equipment utilization balance, production costs, inventory costs, and delay costs while comprehensively considering the annual product demand. Subsequently, the artificial protozoan optimization nondominated sorting adaptive genetic algorithm (APO-NSAGA) is developed based on the artificial protozoan optimization (APO) and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). In this algorithm, autotrophic, heterotrophic, and dormancy behaviors are used to enhance the local search capability and guide the algorithm’s evolutionary process. A self-adaptive crossover and mutation operator, which adjusts according to the number of iterations, is designed to allow the algorithm to converge faster in the early stages of operation and better preserve population diversity and high-fitness individuals in the later stages, thus improving algorithm performance. Finally, through simulation examples, an analysis is conducted on the monthly production volume of the company’s three major product categories, as well as the monthly production, available sales, and demand quantities, end-of-month inventory, stock-to-sales ratio, and inventory turnover rate of five typical products. The results demonstrate that the MPS obtained using the proposed model and algorithm achieves comprehensive optimization.OPEN ACCESS Received: 22/07/2024 Accepted: 01/11/2024 Published: 07/04/2025
Abstract
This study addresses several issues related to the Master Production Schedule (MPS) in companies, such as over-reliance on manual scheduling by planners, failure to consider [...]
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Matrix Algorithms Based on Jacobi and Romanovski-Jacobi Polynomials for Solving the FitzHugh-Nagumo Nonlinear Equation
R. Hafez, S. Boulaaras, H. Khalifa

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (1), 6

Abstract
The present paper develops and makes efficient, a new, state-of-theart numerical technique for solving the FitzHugh-Nagumo Nonlinear Equation (FH-NNE) with initial and boundary conditions, which represents perhaps the simplest mathematical model for discussing biological systems, including nerve signals and cardiac behavior. Which consists of operational matrices and spectral techniques based on Jacobi and Romanovski-Jacobi polynomials. It is ensured that the nonlinear system is modeled so accurately that it can be effectively solved to ensure the best accuracy combined with computational economy. Comparing the results with the respective numerical results, it is seen that the proposed techniques outdo the standard ones as respects accuracy and efficiency of computation.OPEN ACCESS Received: 11/01/2025 Accepted: 25/02/2025 Published: 07/04/2025
Abstract
The present paper develops and makes efficient, a new, state-of-theart numerical technique for solving the FitzHugh-Nagumo Nonlinear Equation (FH-NNE) with initial and boundary [...]
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Boundary Element Analysis of a Semi-Infinite Anisotropic Plane Containing Inclusions/Holes
Y. Shiah, C. Ko

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (1), 5

Abstract
In this article, the fundamental solutions with Lekhnitskii-like formulations are implemented in the boundary element method (BEM) to calculate the Two-dimensional elastostatic field in a semi-infinite anisotropic plane containing inclusions/holes. In addition to the source point in the semi-infinite plane, four pseudo-sources are superposed to provide traction-free conditions on the plane surface. To avoid mesh modeling at infinity, the fundamental solutions are modified so that the displacements/stresses at the far field automatically vanish. For modeling problems in civil engineering, loading on the plane surface can be specified as part of the boundary condition. When embedded holes are present in the halfplane, loading on the holes can also be applied. Using the sub-region technique, the elastic field in the half-plane containing inclusions can also be investigated. Studies of a few examples indicate that the proposed BEM is a very efficient and versatile methodology to investigate many practical problems, especially in civil engineering.OPEN ACCESS Received: 11/10/2024 Accepted: 10/01/2025 Published: 07/04/2025
Abstract
In this article, the fundamental solutions with Lekhnitskii-like formulations are implemented in the boundary element method (BEM) to calculate the Two-dimensional elastostatic [...]
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HDAug: Optimizing Medical Image Segmentation through Hyperparameter-Driven Brightness and Contrast Augmentation for Deep Learning Models
Y. Yang, H. Shao, X. Deng, Y. Jiang

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (1), 4

Abstract
Traditional data augmentation methods, which employ static hyperparameters, often lead to model overfitting. To address this limitation, a novel hyperparameter-driven data augmentation approach (HDAug) is introduced in this study. Training images that simulate a plethora of lighting and exposure conditions are synthesized by HDAug through the stochastic sampling of augmentation hyperparameters, within predefined ranges. Additionally, HDAug does not rely on prior knowledge of specific datasets, endowing it with superior generalization capabilities. The Dice coefficient was utilized as the primary evaluation metric. Experimental results demonstrate that HDAug achieves significant performance improvements in two challenging cross-modality medical image segmentation datasets, with average Dice coefficients of 86.77%, 88.08%, and 84.11%, respectively. The superiority of HDAug lies in its ability to substantially enhance model robustness across diverse imaging conditions while circumventing the overfitting issues inherent in conventional methods. Furthermore, HDAug is computationally efficient and is integrated into existing medical image segmentation workflows.OPEN ACCESS Received: 30/08/2024 Accepted: 22/10/2024 Published: 07/04/2025
Abstract
Traditional data augmentation methods, which employ static hyperparameters, often lead to model overfitting. To address this limitation, a novel hyperparameter-driven data [...]
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Approximate Solutions for Fractional Gas Dynamics and Convection-Diffusion Equations via the Temimi-Ansari Method
A. Almuneef, A. Hagag

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (1), 3

Abstract
In this paper, a new analytical iterative method is used to obtain the fractional analytical solutions of the nonlinear gas dynamics and convectiondiffusion equations. The paper’s novelty appears in its specific application of the Caputo fractional operator to conventional equations while achieving highly accurate solutions. Numerical outcomes for various cases of the equations are represented via tables and graphs. The convergence analysis for the present approach was completed. The methodology is very capable of reducing the size of the analytical steps and is convenient and efficient for solving nonlinear fractional equations. The Temimi-Ansari method’s applicability across different types of fractional differential equations indicates its potential as a powerful tool in solving nonlinear fractional models in diverse scientific and technical fields.OPEN ACCESS Received: 19/07/2024 Accepted: 11/11/2024 Published: 07/04/2025
Abstract
In this paper, a new analytical iterative method is used to obtain the fractional analytical solutions of the nonlinear gas dynamics and convectiondiffusion equations. The [...]
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Improved Modal Parameter Identification of Spillway Radial Gate under Discharge Excitation based on COV-SSI
Y. Lu, Y. Liu*, Z. Cao, D. Zhang, C. Neng

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (1), 2

Abstract
This paper aims to improve the accuracy of modal parameter identification for Spillway Radial Gate (SRG) under discharge excitation. An Improved Covariance-driven Stochastic Subspace Identification (COVISSI) method, enhanced by Singular Entropy Increment (SEI) and Potential-based Hierarchical Agglomerative (PHA) clustering, is proposed. This method is designed to effectively eliminate false poles in the identification process. The performance of COV-ISSI is compared against the original stochastic subspace identification method, demonstrating its superior capability in accurately identifying modal parameters. Additionally, both the Additional Mass Method (AMM) and Direct Coupling Method (DCM) are employed to model the fluid-structure interaction system of the SRG. The derived vibration frequencies are compared with those obtained from COV-ISSI and an improved peak-picking method. Results show that the DCM closely aligns with COV-ISSI, with a relative error within 3%, while AMM results show significant deviation from the DCM. The proposed COV-ISSI method provides a reliable and automatic approach for identifying the operating frequencies of SRG structures, offering significant improvements over traditional methods.OPEN ACCESS Received: 24/07/2024 Accepted: 27/09/2024 Published: 07/04/2025
Abstract
This paper aims to improve the accuracy of modal parameter identification for Spillway Radial Gate (SRG) under discharge excitation. An Improved Covariance-driven Stochastic [...]
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Study on the Deformation Law of Foundation Pit with Shared Ground Connecting Walls
Z. XU, X. Shao, J. He, Y. Chen, L. Wang

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (1), 1

Abstract
This study comprehensively investigates the mechanical behavior and deformation patterns of adjacent foundation pits sharing a common ground connecting wall. Utilizing a combination of detailed field measurements and finite element modeling, the study simulates the excavation process to analyze the mutual interactions between two adjacent pits of equal depth. Results indicate that the excavation of a subsequent pit influences both surface settlement and the horizontal displacement of the retaining structure of the first-excavated pit. Specifically, the surface settlement outside the first-excavated pit increased by 0.08% H
Abstract
This study comprehensively investigates the mechanical behavior and deformation patterns of adjacent foundation pits sharing a common ground connecting wall. Utilizing a combination [...]
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Is the correlation between social media and narcissism stronger within GenZ or Millennials?
M. Tian

Collection of Articles on Psychology (2025). 1

Abstract
This study examines the relationship between social media usage and narcissism among Generation Z and Millennials. By utilizing the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), we sought to determine whether there is a generational difference in narcissistic tendencies as influenced by social media. The results indicated no statistically significant difference between the narcissism scores of the two generations, challenging Twenge’s (2009) assertion that younger generations exhibit higher levels of narcissism. Both generations had an average score of 16/24 on the NPI test, which leans toward narcissistic tendencies. However, this study identified several limitations that may have influenced the findings, including the homogeneity of the sample population and the limitations of the NPI as a measurement tool.
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between social media usage and narcissism among Generation Z and Millennials. By utilizing the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), [...]
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A Fractional Semi-Analytical Iterative Method for the Approximate Treatment of Fisher’s Equations_prueba_latex
J. Sánchez Pinedo, A. Almuneef

(Select a year).

Abstract
This study presents a novel fractional semi-analytical iterative approach for solving nonlinear fractional Fisher’s equations using the Caputo fractional operator. The primary objective is to provide a method that yields exact solutions to nonlinear fractional equations without requiring assumptions about nonlinear terms. By applying the Temimi-Ansari Method (TAM) with fractional calculus, this approach offers a robust solution to the time-fractional nonlinear Fisher’s equation, a model relevant in fields such as population dynamics, tumor growth, and gene propagation. In this work, tables and graphical illustrations show that the proposed method minimizes computational complexity and delivers significant accuracy across multiple cases of Fisher’s equations. The findings indicate that TAM with fractional order derivatives provides accurate, efficient approximations with reduced computational workload, showcasing the technique’s potential for addressing a wide range of nonlinear fractional differential equations.OPEN ACCESS Received: 19/07/2024 Accepted: 01/11/2024
Abstract
This study presents a novel fractional semi-analytical iterative approach for solving nonlinear fractional Fisher’s equations using the Caputo fractional operator. The [...]
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Advanced Equilibrium Analysis of Spherical Masonry Domes: An Integral Formulation
A. Calvi

Alessandro Calvi's personal collection (2025). 13

Abstract
The equilibrium of spherical domes is a fundamental topic in structural engineering, particularly for masonry structures, where the material’s inability to resist tension influences the force distribution. This study proposes an integral formulation for the equilibrium of a spherical dome, incorporating normal stresses and shear stresses, explicitly considering their spatial variations. The formulation extends classical membrane and bending theories by integrating the effects of stress gradients and torsional moments, providing a more detailed understanding of force equilibrium. The proposed approach aligns with and extends the concept of thrust surfaces, as discussed by Sajtos et al. (2020), introducing a framework that accommodates general force distributions and possible cracking patterns. The results suggest that the inclusion of moment equilibrium considerations leads to a more precise determination of the structural safety of cracked domes. This study contributes to the ongoing research on the stability and failure mechanisms of domes by offering a more comprehensive analytical framework.
Abstract
The equilibrium of spherical domes is a fundamental topic in structural engineering, particularly for masonry structures, where the material’s inability to resist tension [...]
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Invasive Lionfish in Atlantic Reef Ecosystems: A Bibliometric Review of Contemporary Research and the Vulnerability of Certain Prey Species.
H. Kwak

J. of Dawn. R. (2025). Vol. 7, 6

Abstract
Invasive lionfish (''Pterois volitans'' and ''Pterois miles'') have become a significant threat to Atlantic marine ecosystems, outcompeting native species through rapid reproduction and predation. This bibliometric study of contemporary research examines the growing research interest in lionfish since their introduction to the Atlantic in the late 20th century through an analysis of academic publications from 1980 to 2020 comparing lionfish studies with research on seven different Atlantic grouper species (Epinephelinae), which served as controls due to their shared ecological trophic level. While lionfish-focused research has steadily increased, statistical analysis (paired t-tests) showed no significant difference in publication rates compared to grouper studies. Additionally, an analysis of five observational studies on lionfish stomach contents revealed a preference for small, schooling, pelagic fish, such as grunts (Haemulidae), particularly those active during twilight hours. Lionfish consume prey at alarming rates in Atlantic reef ecosystems, uhindered by the biotic factors of native predators or parasites. Their diet overlaps with native mesopredators, including the economically valuable groupers, further threatening these species by depleting juvenile populations and monopolizing resources.The findings highlight lionfish as a growing ecological and economic concern for Atlantic marine ecosystems. Their unprecedented proliferation underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to mitigate their impact on biodiversity and support the resilience of native marine communities.
Abstract
Invasive lionfish (''Pterois volitans'' and ''Pterois miles'') have become a significant threat to Atlantic marine ecosystems, outcompeting [...]
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Design of a small sustainable wind blade
R. Carnicero, D. Trias

Materiales Compuestos (2025). Vol. 09 - Comunicaciones MatComp25 (2025), (Núm. 2 - Reciclaje y Sostenibilidad), 49

Abstract
The European Union is committed to becoming the first carbon-neutral continent by 2050. To this end, member countries have outlined a long-term strategy to achieve this goal. Among the cross-cutting elements that will make this possible is the Circular Economy. In this context, the aim is to reduce raw materials by extending the useful life of products, reusing them, recycling materials, etc. In the wind energy sector, between 80 and 90% of wind turbines are currently recycled. Wind turbine blades, manufactured mainly from composites, are difficult to recycle in terms of economic efficiency. Even so, several technical solutions currently exist at varying levels of technological maturity. The work presented is the design of a sustainable wind turbine blade, replacing the epoxy-type thermosetting resins used until now with a thermoplastic resin with similar mechanical properties, with the advantage that the composites produced are easily recyclable. This new liquid thermoplastic resin, AKELITE, patented by the CSIC group, is capable of producing sustainable and 100% circular composite materials. A 3D CAD model was created from a series of cross-sections of the blade. This model describes the blade's aerodynamic surface, so that in the finite element design phase (ANSYS Workbench), the laminate is defined from the outside in. The laminate design prioritizes longitudinal stiffness, ensuring the presence of layers in all traditional layers (0°, 90°, and ±45°), maintaining symmetry, and progressively reducing thickness from root to tip. The blade was subsequently manufactured and finally tested. The blade is currently being recycled for subsequent life cycle analysis. This work is part of a project under the call for "Projects aimed at the ecological transition and the digital transition" with the participation of three research groups: CIEMAT, the University of Girona, and the CSIC.
Abstract
The European Union is committed to becoming the first carbon-neutral continent by 2050. To this end, member countries have outlined a long-term strategy to achieve this goal. [...]
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Top 5 Must-Try Dishes at a Japenese Restaurant in Dubai
T. Dubai

(Select a year).

Abstract
Craving Japenese food in Dubai? See the top 5 must-try dishes, from spicy curries to classic Pad Thai, & indulge in an unforgettable dining experience. Read now
Abstract
Craving Japenese food in Dubai? See the top 5 must-try dishes, from spicy curries to classic Pad Thai, & indulge in an unforgettable dining experience. Read now [...]
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Vectors de creixement de l’ecosistema tecnològic de Barcelona i Catalunya
M. Martí, G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). 220
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Pay for Assignment: Get Professional Help for Academic Success
I. environment, S. multiple, M. Seow

Pay for Assignment: Get Professional Help for Academic Success (Select a year).

Abstract
In today’s fast-paced academic environment, students often struggle to keep up with multiple assignments, tight deadlines, and complex coursework. With increasing academic pressure, it becomes challenging to maintain high-quality work while balancing other responsibilities. Many students seek professional assistance to ensure their assignments meet the required standards. If you are overwhelmed with coursework, you can pay for assignment services to get expert help and achieve better grades. When you pay for assignment, you are investing in high-quality, well-researched, and plagiarism-free academic content. One of the most trusted platforms for assignment assistance is MyAssignmentHelp, which offers expert guidance in various subjects, including finance, engineering, law, and humanities. By choosing MyAssignmentHelp, students gain access to experienced professionals who provide well-structured and thoroughly researched assignments tailored to their specific requirements. Whether you need help with essays, research papers, case studies, or dissertations, this platform ensures top-notch academic support to help you excel in your studies. Why Choose Professional Assignment Help? Expert Guidance – Professional writers have in-depth subject knowledge and expertise to craft high-quality assignments that meet university standards. Time Management – Delegating assignments to experts allows students to focus on other essential tasks, such as exam preparation and extracurricular activities. Plagiarism-Free Content – Authenticity is a top priority, and professional services ensure 100% original and well-referenced content. Timely Submission – Meeting deadlines is crucial, and assignment help services guarantee timely delivery to help students avoid late submission penalties. Customized Solutions – Each assignment is tailored to meet the unique requirements of students, ensuring personalized academic support. How to Choose the Right Assignment Help Service Before you pay for assignment, it’s essential to choose a reliable service provider. Consider the following factors: Reputation and Reviews – Check student reviews and testimonials to ensure credibility. Qualified Writers – Look for platforms with experienced subject-matter experts. Affordable Pricing – Compare pricing structures to find budget-friendly options without compromising quality. Customer Support – A reliable service should offer 24/7 customer support to address your queries and concerns. Conclusion Academic success requires dedication, hard work, and access to the right resources. If you are struggling with complex assignments, paying for professional assistance can significantly ease your burden. MyAssignmentHelp offers expert guidance and high-quality content to help students achieve their academic goals. Whether you need help with a single assignment or ongoing academic support, professional assignment services provide the necessary assistance to excel in your studies. Don’t let academic stress hold you back—get expert help today!
Abstract
In today’s fast-paced academic environment, students often struggle to keep up with multiple assignments, tight deadlines, and complex coursework. With increasing academic [...]
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AUTOMATED MANUFACTURING OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES FOR HYDROGEN STORAGE
P. Shimpi, D. Ion-Ebrasu, M. Pedrera, I. Coto, B. Gomes, P. rodriguez

Materiales Compuestos (2025). Vol. 09 - Comunicaciones MatComp25 (2025), (Núm. 1 - Fabricación y Aplicaciones Industriales), 38

Abstract
The research work is focused on developing thermoplastic composites by automated tape laying process (ATL) having acceptable gas permeability levels to store hydrogen H2 in linerless composite material tanks at cryogenic temperatures. Carbon fibre (CF) with polyamide 11 (PA11) matrix was used to manufacture composites using automated tape laying process. The manufactured composites treated in autoclave and tested for hydrogen permeability at room temperature. The results show that autoclave cured CF/PA11 composites meet the set permeability requirements for composite hydrogen storage vessel designed for pressure of 6 bar.
Abstract
The research work is focused on developing thermoplastic composites by automated tape laying process (ATL) having acceptable gas permeability levels to store hydrogen H2 in [...]
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Barcelona, potencial hub global de la innovació: Diagnòstic i Oportunitats Estratègiques de l’Economia del Coneixement a la Regió Metropolitana (RMB)
R. Gras, G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). Vol. El sistema de ciència i innovació i el repte de la transformació digital, 219

Abstract
La regió metropolitana de Barcelona s’enfronta al repte de bastir un ecosistema de l’economia del coneixement que li permeti superar definitivament el desenvolupisme, transicionar amb èxit envers la quarta revolució industrial, potenciar els sectors econòmics d’alt valor afegit, i generat prosperitat distribuïda i oportunitats professionals de qualitat per els ciutadans. El present article duu a terme un diagnòstic general de l’estat de l’economia del coneixement la RMB a la llum de la Ciència de les Ciutats, vehiculada per la teoria de xarxes i la ciència de la complexitat. El diagnòstic econòmic territorial s’ha elaborat emprant metodologies avançades de l’equip d’Aretian Urban Analytics and Design amb seu al Harvard Innovation Lab, a la ciutat de Boston. Mitjançant l’avaluació de la Regió Metropolitana de Barcelona (7 comarques, 160 municipis), cerquem identificar estratègies que optimitzin el disseny urbà, fomentin la resiliència econòmica, enforteixin els ecosistemes de recerca i innovació, proporcionin condicions favorables al floreixement de les startups catalanes i configurin xarxes de l’economia del coneixement que permetin realitzar els efectes multiplicadors de la innovació, doblar els salaris promitjos en vint anys, reduir a menys de la meitat l’atur, i consolidar ecosistemes favorables al floreixement de talent en dotze àmbits de coneixement estratègicament identificats. A través d'una anàlisi interdisciplinària i basada en dades, les propostes pretenen posicionar Barcelona com a líder global en l’economia del coneixement, mercès al foment de la prosperitat impulsant les indústries de serveis i productes sofisticades, d’alt valor afegit, orientades a l'exportació i a la creació de prosperitat. L’article proposa línies mestres per orientar processos d'especialització intel·ligent en funció de les capacitats actuals i el know-how col·lectiu. L’estratègia proposada suggereix (1) augmentar el nombre de llocs de treball intensius en coneixement de 125.000 a 200.000, elevant la intensitat d'innovació del 15% al 20% entre el 2025 i el 2040 i concentrar els centres de progrés del coneixement en ubicacions estratègiques, permetent doblar salaris i reduir a la meitat l’atur; (2) augmentar el nombre d'indústries innovadores de 92 fins aproximadament 170, establint així cadenes de valor més llargues i economies de gamma; (3) reforçar les tres fases de la innovació (recerca, transferència de tecnologia i producció avançada) per augmentar la intensitat, el rendiment i l'impacte de la innovació; augmentar els ingressos/empleat de 149.179 € fins a aproximadament 200.000 € i els ingressos per resident de 77.818 € fins a 110.000 € l'any 2040 impulsant la continuïtat en les set fases de la innovació; (4) concebre una xarxa de districtes d'innovació (singularment, Barcelona-Besòs, Esplugues-Pedralbes-Bonanova, Badalona i les Tres Xemeneies) que presentin una intensitat d'innovació superior al 50%; impulsant la recerca aplicada de frontera, centres d'innovació, incubadores de startups, així com la transferència de coneixement amb la indústria; (5) definir una visió per alinear els aproximadament 2,400 camps de recerca aplicada de totes les universitats i centres de recerca amb els 12 principals camps de coneixement arrelats a la RMB, per densificar l'intercanvi i l'avanç de coneixement i realitzar els efectes multiplicadors de la innovació, augmentant el nombre d’startups innovadores de 279 a 750, així com el nombre d'empreses d’alt valor afegit, generant prosperitat distribuïda a llarg termini.
Abstract
La regió metropolitana de Barcelona s’enfronta al repte de bastir un ecosistema de l’economia del coneixement que li permeti superar definitivament el desenvolupisme, [...]
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The Transformation of Essay Writing: A Modern Academic Revolution
D. miller

Steve Austin's personal collection (2025). 2

Abstract
The Changing Landscape of Academic Writing Introduction Essay writing has significantly evolved over the years, shifting from traditional methods to digital solutions that enhance efficiency and academic performance. Today’s students face increasing academic challenges, requiring them to find innovative ways to manage their workload. Many now consider paying for a research paper to ensure high-quality, well-researched content while focusing on other priorities. This shift towards professional writing assistance reflects a broader transformation in the academic world, where students embrace expert support to excel in their studies. The Rise of Professional Writing Services How "Write My Paper" Became an Essential Service The demand for professional essay writing services has grown rapidly, providing students with access to skilled writers who can deliver well-structured and plagiarism-free content. The ability to write my paper on demand has become a game-changer for those struggling with tight deadlines and complex assignments. Benefits of Using Expert Writing Services Time Efficiency: Reduces the stress of juggling multiple academic tasks. Quality Assurance: Ensures well-researched, original content. Expert Assistance: Access to skilled professionals with subject expertise. Academic Success: Helps maintain high grades without unnecessary pressure. Students who opt for paying for a research paper benefit from structured, thoroughly researched essays that meet academic standards. This evolution in academic support services has helped countless students improve their writing skills while achieving academic excellence. How Professional Writing Support Enhances Learning The Role of Writing Services in Academic Growth Many students initially hesitate to seek help but later realize the advantages of expert guidance. By using professionally written papers as references, they gain deeper insights into their subjects and improve their own writing skills. Key Advantages of Professional Assistance: Better Understanding of Academic Structure: Well-organized essays serve as learning tools. Meeting Formatting Standards: Proper citations and structure enhance academic credibility. Access to Research Expertise: High-quality resources and references improve content quality. Conclusion: Elevate Your Academic Success with StudyProfy StudyProfy – A Trusted Name in Essay Writing For students seeking a reliable academic partner, StudyProfy offers premium writing assistance tailored to individual needs. Whether you need help to write my paper from scratch or require expert guidance, StudyProfy delivers quality, plagiarism-free content on time. Why Choose StudyProfy? Professional Writers with subject-specific expertise Timely Delivery for urgent assignments Plagiarism-Free Work meeting academic standards As education evolves, embracing expert writing services like StudyProfy ensures that students receive the necessary support to succeed academically while maintaining a strong learning foundation.
Abstract
The Changing Landscape of Academic Writing Introduction Essay writing has significantly evolved over the years, shifting from traditional methods to digital solutions [...]
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Discretización por elementos finitos del problema termo-difusivo-mecánico con grandes deformaciones_prueba_latex
S. content, A. Ortiz-Toranzo, I. Romero

(2024).

Abstract
En algunos problemas relevantes de la ingeniería, el campo mecánico está fuertemente acoplado con el de temperatura y el de transporte de masa. La solución de estos problemas es compleja sobre todo cuando las deformaciones son grandes. Por ello, a menudo se acude a aproximaciones numéricas que pueden encontrar todos los campos involucrados en el problema acoplado, sus efectos y sus interacciones. En este artículo se describe una discretización por el método de los elementos finitos del problema acoplado de difusión, temperatura y deformación incluyendo el rango no lineal de deformaciones. La formulación tiene en cuenta todos los acoplamientos posibles entre los tres campos de estudio y se proporcionan todos los detalles necesarios para su completa implementación llenando un hueco de la literatura de estos métodos. Asimismo, el artículo describe la fundamentación termodinámica de los problemas acoplados termo-difusivo-mecánicos, insistiendo en la derivación de las ecuaciones de balance y restricciones que siguen de la segunda ley de la termodinámica. Los resultados del artículo serán de interés para investigadores que necesiten implementar las ecuaciones de problemas acoplados en códigos de elementos finitos y, en particular, para aplicaciones en el modelado de baterías, del comportamiento de metales bajo los efectos del hidrógeno, de geles, etc.
Abstract
En algunos problemas relevantes de la ingeniería, el campo mecánico está fuertemente acoplado con el de temperatura y el de transporte de masa. La solución [...]
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Discretización por elementos finitos del problema termo-difusivo-mecánico con grandes deformaciones_prueba_latex
A. Ortiz-Toranzo, I. Romero, S. content

(2024).

Abstract
En algunos problemas relevantes de la ingeniería, el campo mecánico está fuertemente acoplado con el de temperatura y el de transporte de masa. La solución de estos problemas es compleja sobre todo cuando las deformaciones son grandes. Por ello, a menudo se acude a aproximaciones numéricas que pueden encontrar todos los campos involucrados en el problema acoplado, sus efectos y sus interacciones. En este artículo se describe una discretización por el método de los elementos finitos del problema acoplado de difusión, temperatura y deformación incluyendo el rango no lineal de deformaciones. La formulación tiene en cuenta todos los acoplamientos posibles entre los tres campos de estudio y se proporcionan todos los detalles necesarios para su completa implementación llenando un hueco de la literatura de estos métodos. Asimismo, el artículo describe la fundamentación termodinámica de los problemas acoplados termo-difusivo-mecánicos, insistiendo en la derivación de las ecuaciones de balance y restricciones que siguen de la segunda ley de la termodinámica. Los resultados del artículo serán de interés para investigadores que necesiten implementar las ecuaciones de problemas acoplados en códigos de elementos finitos y, en particular, para aplicaciones en el modelado de baterías, del comportamiento de metales bajo los efectos del hidrógeno, de geles, etc.
Abstract
En algunos problemas relevantes de la ingeniería, el campo mecánico está fuertemente acoplado con el de temperatura y el de transporte de masa. La solución [...]
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Eddy Current Modeling and Simulations for the Characterization of Low Thickness Multilayer Materials_prueba_latex
S. Bennoud, J. Sánchez Pinedo, E. Sari

(Select a year).

Abstract
Measuring and determining the parameters and characteristics of multilayer structures have become an important subject for several recent studies. This importance is due to industry needs and structural health requirements. The eddy current inspection is considered an important practical tool that ensures the safety and efficiency of multilayer structures and responds to the above necessities. The diversity of multilayer structure characteristics is one of the principal problems that must be solved. These physical and electromagnetic parameters are not always available or provided by the suppliers. Another problem that arises in the development of different models related to these structures is the difficulty of obtaining a satisfactory diagnosis. This difficulty returns to the complexity of geometry, the presence of small dimensions and sizes, and the existence of various parameters. In this context, it is necessary to achieve a strategy for the development of software and hardware tools concerning the characterization of multilayer structures. These tools must be applied to surmount the above problems and improve the technical advantages of the eddy current inspection. The principal objective of this work is to investigate the efficacy of the eddy current method applied to aeronautical materials, particularly low thickness multilayer structures. The modeling was performed using the finite element method. A software program was developed to investigate changes in the coil impedance. Results are initially validated and compared against the analytical and computational results given for simple cases. They are very similar, and they present a good agreement for both situations. The error is 5% for the calculus of the induction magnetic B. It also varies from 0.17% to 5.32% for impedance responses that enable the application of the developed code to carry out simulations for complex geometries. For various values of parameters and a wide range of applications, the parameters and properties of the problem can easily be introduced into the code. This permits the analysis and calculation of changes in impedance versus the effect of any variation in parameters. The developed approach is sufficiently general. It can simulate various potential cases of defects in low thickness multilayer structures due to its adequate design. It can generate interpretable results for differentOPEN ACCESS Received: 14/07/2024 Accepted: 02/10/2024
Abstract
Measuring and determining the parameters and characteristics of multilayer structures have become an important subject for several recent studies. This importance is due to [...]
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Top Reasons Why Nursing Students in Australia Choose Professional Assignment Help
I. conclusion, N. reasons, F. better, S. Austin

(Select a year).

Abstract
Nursing students in Australia face a demanding and rigorous academic schedule that often includes a mix of theoretical learning, clinical practice, and extensive assignments. With the pressure to excel in all aspects of their studies, many nursing students seek professional assistance to ensure they maintain high academic standards. In this blog, we'll explore the top reasons why nursing students in Australia turn to professional assignment help and how it can make a significant difference in their educational journey. 1. Time Management and Workload One of the primary reasons nursing students opt for professional nursing assignment help Australia is the overwhelming workload. Nursing courses typically require students to juggle multiple tasks at once, including lectures, clinical rotations, and assignments. Given that assignments often have strict deadlines, managing them alongside other academic responsibilities can become stressful. By outsourcing some of their assignment tasks to professionals, students can save valuable time, allowing them to focus on other critical areas such as practical training or exam preparation. 2. Expert Guidance and Quality Content Nursing assignments require a high level of expertise, as they often involve complex medical and scientific topics. Many students may struggle to understand or apply advanced concepts effectively. Professional assignment help services employ qualified experts with a deep understanding of nursing subjects. These experts ensure that the content provided is not only accurate but also adheres to the academic standards expected by Australian universities. This guidance is invaluable, especially for students who may not have a solid grasp of certain topics or those looking to improve their grades. 3. Customized Assistance for Diverse Topics Nursing is a broad field, covering various specializations such as pediatrics, geriatric nursing, mental health, and more. Each specialization has its own set of unique requirements when it comes to assignments. Professional nursing assignment help Australia providers offer customized support for a wide range of nursing topics, ensuring that each assignment meets the specific needs of the student. Whether it's a case study, research paper, or a practical report, these services can help nursing students tackle diverse subjects with ease. 4. Improved Grades and Academic Success The ultimate goal for most nursing students is to succeed academically and graduate with honors. By using professional assignment help, students can enhance the quality of their assignments, which can lead to better grades. Assignment experts can provide valuable insights, ensuring that students meet all the requirements of the task and present their ideas clearly and concisely. Additionally, they can assist with
Abstract
Nursing students in Australia face a demanding and rigorous academic schedule that often includes a mix of theoretical learning, clinical practice, and extensive assignments. [...]
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Adjoint-based optimization of open loop control of a microfluidic acoustic flow
J. Lorente Macías, M. Juniper

Javier Lorente Macías's personal collection (2025). 3

Abstract
Drop-on-demand inkjet printing is one of the most widespread applications of microfluidics. Within the printhead, ink continuously flows through multiple microchannels. Each microchannel contains a piezo-electric actuator on the top face and a nozzle on the opposite face. When the actuator pulses, a droplet is forced through the nozzle. Acoustic oscillations then reverberate within the microchannel until they are damped by viscous and thermal dissipation. If a droplet is ejected before the reverberations from the previous droplet have been sufficiently damped, its size is affected by the reverberations, which spoils the image being printed. In this study, we design open loop control of the actuator to eliminate these reverberations. First, we derive the governing equations of the thermoviscous acoustic flow by linearising the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. Then we derive the associated adjoint problem to obtain the gradient of the objective function (the acoustic energy after a given time) with respect to the actuator deformation. Finally we formulate an optimisation problem to find the actuator waveform that minimises the reverberations within a given time.
Abstract
Drop-on-demand inkjet printing is one of the most widespread applications of microfluidics. Within the printhead, ink continuously flows through multiple microchannels. Each [...]
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Adjoint-based optimization of the control boundaries of a microfluidic acoustic flow
J. Lorente Macías

Javier Lorente Macías's personal collection (2025). 2

Abstract
In this study, we find the optimal control boundary (i.e., actuator velocity) that cancels the acoustic reverberations inside drop-on-demand inkjet printheads at a specific time. We formulate an optimiza tion problem to minimize the total energy of the oscillating flow at a given time (i.e., the acoustic energy inside the microchannel and the surface energy of the droplet). We use the adjoint method to compute the gradient of the cost function with respect to the control boundary, and a gradient-based optimization algorithm to converge to the optimal solution. This methodology has been successfully applied to two generic inkjet printhead mechanisms: thin-film and bulk types. In both cases, the actu ator first reduces the surface energy of the system by extracting fluid from the nozzle. In this process, acoustic waves also propagate through the channel and reverberate at the ends, which increases the acoustic energy of the system. The actuator then sends additional acoustic waves that cancel these reverberations. Both mechanisms have been able to reduce the total energy of the system by a factor of over 100 in comparison with the uncontrolled cases.
Abstract
In this study, we find the optimal control boundary (i.e., actuator velocity) that cancels the acoustic reverberations inside drop-on-demand inkjet printheads at a specific [...]
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Bayesian inference of the model parameters of a microfluidic acoustic flow
J. Lorente Macías, M. Juniper

ECCOMAS
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The Effects of White Mulberry on Alcohol-Induced Withdrawal in Planaria
A. Tin, E. Chen, U. Khan

J. of Dawn. R. (2025). Vol. 7, 5

Abstract
Ethanol, commonly known as drinking alcohol, is a psychoactive drug that gives the stimulative effect of alcoholic intoxication. Addiction to ethanol is difficult to overcome due to the withdrawal symptoms present after discontinuing exposure. Planaria, scientifically, Dugesia dorotocephala, is a species of flatworm, commonly used as a model organism for humans; planaria show withdrawal symptoms such as low dopamine levels and changes in movement from addictive drugs, making them a suitable organism to test the effectiveness of white mulberry on withdrawal. Given that previous studies show that white mulberries can revert the movements of planarians after addictive substances, it is hypothesized that white mulberries can help planarians recover from alcohol withdrawal. This study investigates how white mulberry extract may affect the behavior and locomotion of ethanol-withdrawn planarians. Planaria were put in a 1% ethanol solution for 60 minutes and given either post or pretreated with 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% mulberry in beef for 15 minutes. A vehicle group that received no ethanol exposure or mulberry treatment was also observed. After the treatment, the number of gridlines crossed, head bops, and C-shapes were counted for 20 minutes, followed by a Conditional Preference Test (CPT) for 10 minutes. It was observed that the 6% and 9% white mulberry pre-treatments were able to completely reverse the ethanol’s impacts on light preference and motility slightly. The post-treatment on the other hand was shown to worsen ethanol’s impact, significantly decreasing motility from the control.
Abstract
Ethanol, commonly known as drinking alcohol, is a psychoactive drug that gives the stimulative effect of alcoholic intoxication. Addiction to ethanol is difficult to overcome [...]
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Statistical and Probabilistic Parameters Used as Reference for Hydrological-Energy Studies
A. Calvi

(Select a year).

Abstract
Hydropower plant future production estimation is based on hydrological-hydraulic data. The present metholodogy validates the median as the reference parameter to be used for a better interpretation of statistical series, because it is a centered value where duration curves and their complementary curves intersect. Then, it is not affected by extreme events, providing a well representation of the whole dataset.
Abstract
Hydropower plant future production estimation is based on hydrological-hydraulic data. The present metholodogy validates the median as the reference parameter to be used for [...]
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CARACTERIZACIÓN DE CÉLULAS MADRE DEL CORDÓN UMBILICAL EN EL ESTADO DE CHIHUAHUA
D. Elizabeth, C. Ramirez

Collection of Articles on Medicine (2025). 2

Abstract
El presente estudio tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, con muestreo no probabilístico por cuotas, cuyo objetivo fue identificar el grado de conocimiento que tienen las gestantes del estado de Chihuahua respecto a los beneficios de las células madre del cordón umbilical, así como su disposición. respecto a la donación y con ganas de recibir más información. La muestra estuvo constituida por 123 mujeres embarazadas aleatorias, en cualquier trimestre del embarazo, a cualquier edad, siempre que estuvieran disponibles. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante la realización de encuestas presenciales o telefónicas. Como resultado, la mayoría de las gestantes participantes tenían cero conocimiento sobre el cordón umbilical, las células madre, sus beneficios y utilidad. Sin embargo, la mayoría presentó una actitud positiva respecto a la donación del cordón umbilical y con ganas de recibir más información. En conclusión, se observa la necesidad de realizar más investigaciones dentro del estado de Chihuahua, con el fin de normalizar la utilidad de las células madre del cordón umbilical y que la población tenga conocimiento sobre su afectación, y esté dentro de sus opciones de tratamiento en cualquier patología.
Abstract
El presente estudio tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, con muestreo no probabilístico por cuotas, cuyo objetivo fue identificar el grado de conocimiento que tienen las gestantes [...]
- 23
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Jocs de resiliència econòmica en un món geopolíticament fragmentat (Full paper)
J. Lladós-Masllorens, G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). Vol. L’economia catalana dins el nou marc geoestratègic global, 45
- 21
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Geomechanical Challenges and Engineering Solutions for Tunnel Stability in the Himalayas: A Case Study Approach
A. Calvi

Alessandro Calvi's personal collection (2025). 7

Abstract
The Himalayan region, characterized by complex geological formations and high tectonic activity, presents significant challenges for tunnel construction. This paper examines geomechanical issues such as tunnel squeezing, stress-induced instability, and rock bursting, with a focus on hydropower and railway tunnel projects in Nepal and India. Case studies, including the Chameliya Hydroelectric Project, Parbati II Hydroelectric Project, Nilgirikhola Hydroelectric Project, and railway tunnels in the Garhwal Himalaya, highlight the impact of weak, schistose rock masses and extreme overburden pressures. Various engineering methodologies, including empirical, semianalytical, analytical, and numerical modeling approaches, are discussed to assess stress states and deformation behavior. The study underscores the need for adaptive excavation techniques, such as the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) and rock mass classification systems, to ensure tunnel stability. By integrating probabilistic analysis and advanced support systems, this research contributes to optimizing underground construction strategies in geologically challenging terrains.
Abstract
The Himalayan region, characterized by complex geological formations and high tectonic activity, presents significant challenges for tunnel construction. This paper examines [...]
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Tunnel Collapse: Case Studies and Key Failure Mechanisms
A. Calvi

Alessandro Calvi's personal collection (2025). 2

Abstract
Tunnel collapse is a critical issue in geotechnical engineering, affecting the safety, functionality, and economic viability of underground structures. This study examines the primary failure mechanisms of tunnels, including roof instability, shear failure of sidewalls, base heave, wedge failure, and progressive collapse, with a particular focus on hydropower tunnels. The role of principal stress directions and stress redistribution in failure processes is analyzed, highlighting the effects of excavation-induced unloading, in situ stress concentration, and external influences such as groundwater infiltration and seismic activity. Special attention is given to hydropower tunnels, where transient hydrostatic pressure variations, mineralogical degradation, and high in situ stresses increase the likelihood of collapse. The study integrates limit analysis and fracture mechanics to model tunnel failure mechanisms, emphasizing how plastic deformation and crack propagation contribute to instability. Numerical simulations and real-world case studies illustrate the interaction between stress conditions and structural response. The findings suggest that tunnel stability is rarely governed by a single factor but rather by a combination of geological, structural, and environmental influences that evolve over time. Future research should focus on the development of real-time monitoring systems using artificial
Abstract
Tunnel collapse is a critical issue in geotechnical engineering, affecting the safety, functionality, and economic viability of underground structures. This study examines [...]
- 128
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Perquè Harvard estudia la política de clústers de Catalunya?
J. Martí Estévez, G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). Vol. La musculatura del sistema empresarial català, 200
- 1
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Generalitzar la Formació Professional DUAL: Punt de trobada entre empreses que necessiten professionals i persones que necessiten una feina de qualitat
M. Carrión, G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). Vol. El futur del treball i les relacions laborals a Catalunya, 24
- 2
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Professional Presentation - Alessandro Calvi
A. Calvi

Alessandro Calvi's personal collection (2025). 1
- 6
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THOUGHT LEADERSHIP IN HYDROPOWER & DAMS: A CASE STUDY
A. Calvi

Thought Leadership in Hydropower & Dams: A Case Study (2025). ResearchGate

Abstract
The presented paper is aimed to the analysis of a case study in the hydroelectric sector, evaluating the achievement of “Thought Leadership”.
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La Innovació en Teràpies Avançades a Catalunya: Reptes i Oportunitats en un Ecosistema Capdavanter
A. Peiró, A. Vila, U. Perpiña, J. Canals, G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). Vol. El sistema de ciència i innovació i el repte de la transformació digital, 61
- 89
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La intensitat inversora de Catalunya a l'estranger: tendències i perspectives de futur
X. Mendoza, G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). Vol. L’economia catalana dins el nou marc geoestratègic global, 62

Abstract
L’economia catalana ha continuat avançant en la seva internacionalització en la darrera dècada. Les empreses catalanes amb filials a l’estranger han augmentat la diversificació geogràfica de les seves inversions internacionals més enllà de les seves “destinacions naturals”, la Unió Europea i Llatinoamèrica. L’objectiu de l’estudi és esbrinar si l’esforç inversor de les empreses catalanes s’està produint en les economies (països i regions) amb un major potencial de creixement a nivell mundial. Prenent com a grup de referència el conjunt dels països de la Unió Europea, s’ha calculat l’índex d’intensitat inversora de Catalunya per a 151 països i 9 regions mundials per als anys 2019 i 2022. A partir de l’anàlisi de 55 països que presentaven una baixa intensitat inversora l’any 2022, es formula una proposta sobre aquelles destinacions (països i regions) que, pel seu potencial de futur, seria recomanable una intensificació de les inversions directes de les empreses catalanes.
Abstract
L’economia catalana ha continuat avançant en la seva internacionalització en la darrera dècada. Les empreses catalanes amb filials a l’estranger [...]
- 75
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Data A New Emerging Type of Intangibles --How Can Accounting Standards Face this Challenge?
E. Wu, G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). Vol. La contribució dels professionals de l’economia, 115

Abstract
In the digital economy era, the role of data resources in corporate development is increasingly prominent. The accounting treatment of corporate data resources is an urgent issue to be studied. Based on the economic value creation characteristics of corporate data resources in the digital economy, we propose that qualified corporate data resources could be classified into internal-used data assets, tradable data assets and strategic value data resources. We propose recognising the first two types of data assets in the financial statements using the conditional recognition method, and a mixed measurement model could be adopted in the subsequent measurement period. We propose to enhance the disclosure of strategic value data resources. More granular information about this type of data resource can be disclosed in a separate narrative report. The reporting entity is encouraged to disclose more information about the characteristics of data assets, the value-creation path of data assets, and risks related to data assets. Moreover, it is essential to build support mechanisms to facilitate the accounting treatment of corporate data assets, such as data assets cost input ledger booking system, data asset external evaluation services, data asset audit service and data trusteeship services. Our study intends to establish a coherent set of data asset accounting standards and is helpful for IASB to revise its intangible assets accounting standards (IAS 38).
Abstract
In the digital economy era, the role of data resources in corporate development is increasingly prominent. The accounting treatment of corporate data resources is an urgent [...]
- 54
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Neuroprotective Proficiency: Evaluating Sinapic Acid and Levodopa Impact on Dopaminergic Homeostasis and Behavioral Metrics in a Drosophila Model of Parkinson’s
C. Chen, A. Chen, A. Huenger

J. of Dawn. R. (2025). Vol. 7, 4

Abstract
The prevalence of Parkinson's Disease (PD) has doubled in the last 25 years, making it the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the US. Central to PD pathology is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra pars compacta. Levodopa, a primary therapeutic agent, aids in dopamine production to alleviate symptoms of PD. However, it has side effects due to premature conversion of L-dopa into dopamine before passing the blood-brain barrier. Compounds such as sinapic acid, characterized by their methoxy and hydroxyl groups, possess antioxidant properties that can mitigate oxidative stress damaging mitochondrial DNA. This study aimed to mitigate parkinsonism effects from ɑ-synuclein mutation using sinapic acid (10, 20, 30 µM), levodopa 30µM, and sinapic acid 30µM + levodopa 30µM, assessing its impact on lifespan, dopamine concentration, movement speed, and memory, comparing it with Levodopa. 30125, 8848, and 8146 strained drosophila were crossed to obtain Mutant ɑ-synuclein Drosophila expressing GFP in dopaminergic neurons. Drosophila (wild and PD) were exposed to treatments, with assessments at 5 and 35 days old. Two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey/Scheffe analyses revealed that all 30µM treatment groups significantly reduced PD symptoms of PD strain drosophila (p<0.05). Sinapic acid 30µM + Levodopa 30µM exhibited the best results, attributed to sinapic acid's antioxidant abilities. It had a 43.7% increase in movement speed, a 56% increase in lifespan, and a 62.5% increase in memory. Long-term Levodopa showed increased detrimental effects due to its adverse impacts during consumption. Limitations included the absence of various chemicals (carbidopa and paraquat), suggesting the need for future studies with these chemicals and other model organisms (rats and C.elegans).
Abstract
The prevalence of Parkinson's Disease (PD) has doubled in the last 25 years, making it the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the US. Central to PD pathology [...]
- 150
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Emotional implications in decision making in the Family Business: importance of the analysis of succession in the company's leadership.
C. Ruiz-Viñals, G. Congrés2025, F. Alvarez-Gomez

4rceec (2025). Vol. La musculatura del sistema empresarial català, 91

Abstract
Decision making processes in Family firms cannot be understood only attending rational processes and maturity models. Socio-emotional factors influence the DMP of all kind of enterprises, but in the case of family business they play a crucial role. Socioemotional wealth of family members and agents that surround them must be taken into account. This is specially truth in the moments of leadership change in the family companies. Aspects such as family values, control of the company, employment of family members, need of belonging, preservation of social capital, family heritage conservation, family lifestyle, among others are the basis that serve to make decisions. In this work we want to see how the Socio-emotional approach to DMP in family firms can complement the rational approach to DMP based in maturity models.
Abstract
Decision making processes in Family firms cannot be understood only attending rational processes and maturity models. Socio-emotional factors influence the DMP of all kind [...]
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Les migracions de reemplaçament a Catalunya: una mirada crítica (Full paper)
A. Blanes Llorens, A. Domingo, G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). Vol. Determinants del context macroeconòmic, 79
- 13
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L'experiència de BonArea, un desenvolupament industrial al mon rural
. bonArea, G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). Vol. El futur del treball i les relacions laborals a Catalunya, 49
- 10
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Understanding the Growing Need for Economics Assignment Writing Services Across the Globe
L. Johnson

Teaching Practice (2025). 1

Abstract
The demand for professional academic assistance is rising, with economics assignment writing services becoming increasingly popular among students worldwide. As the pressures of higher education intensify, many students are exploring options like "Can I pay someone to do my assignment?" to ensure they meet academic requirements while managing other responsibilities. This article delves into why economics assignment help is sought after in different countries and examines the factors fueling this trend. Why Economics Stands Out as a Challenging Subject Economics is a vital field that examines how resources are allocated, markets function, and policies shape societies. Students are required to tackle a variety of complex topics such as microeconomics, macroeconomics, game theory, and econometrics. The subject’s reliance on mathematical models and theoretical frameworks often overwhelms students, making professional guidance a valuable resource. Furthermore, economics’s interdisciplinary nature—incorporating statistics, mathematics, and social sciences—requires a diverse skill set. Many students find themselves struggling to master these areas simultaneously, driving the demand for expert support. Why Students Turn to Online Economics Assignment Help Several factors contribute to students opting for professional help. Below are some of the primary reasons: Academic Pressure: Students face immense pressure to perform well in a competitive academic environment. Many find themselves wondering, "Can I pay someone to do my assignment?" to alleviate stress and focus on other priorities. Complexity of Topics: Economics assignments often require detailed analysis, critical thinking, and real-world data interpretation. This complexity can deter students from completing tasks independently, leading them to seek professional help. Language Challenges: International students, particularly those studying in English-speaking countries, often face language barriers that make it difficult to articulate their ideas effectively. Online help serves as a lifeline for these students. Time Management Issues: Juggling academic work, part-time jobs, and extracurricular activities leaves many students short on time. Professional writing services provide a convenient solution, ensuring assignments are completed on time without compromising quality. Technological Accessibility: The proliferation of digital platforms has made it easier for students to connect with experts. A quick online search for "Can I pay someone to do my assignment?" yields numerous results, highlighting the accessibility of such services. Country-Specific Insights into Demand The popularity of economics assignment help varies depending on the educational environment and student demographics in each country. Here are some notable trends: Australia: As a hub for international education, Australia sees a significant demand for academic help. Students pursuing economics degrees often face challenges with time management and high academic expectations. International students, in particular, turn to professional services to navigate language barriers and cultural adjustments. United States: With its diverse student population and rigorous academic standards, the U.S. is a leading market for assignment assistance. Economics students frequently seek help to cope with demanding coursework and maintain competitive GPAs. United Kingdom: Known for its emphasis on critical analysis and research, the U.K. poses unique challenges for economics students. International students, forming a large part of the academic community, often require external support to meet high standards. India: The demand for assignment help in India is growing, especially among students aiming for careers in management and finance. Economics is increasingly recognized as a crucial discipline, prompting many to seek professional guidance to excel. Canada: Canada’s focus on practical applications and critical thinking makes economics assignments particularly challenging. Multicultural classrooms further contribute to the need for expert help as students adjust to varying academic expectations. Middle East: The rise in higher education opportunities in countries like the UAE and Saudi Arabia has led to an increased demand for professional assignment services. Many students enrolled in international programs rely on such assistance to meet global academic standards. Advantages of Seeking Professional Assignment Help Students struggling with their coursework often find online economics assignment writing help to be a game-changer. Here’s why: Expert Assistance: Access to qualified professionals ensures assignments are accurate, well-researched, and comprehensive. Time Savings: Delegating assignments allows students to focus on other academic or personal responsibilities. Enhanced Learning: Reviewing expert-crafted assignments helps students grasp complex concepts more effectively. Better Grades: High-quality submissions significantly improve academic performance. Personalization: Services are tailored to meet individual guidelines and requirements, ensuring assignments align with academic standards. Balancing Help with Integrity While services like economics assignment help offer undeniable benefits, students should use them responsibly. Asking, "Can I pay someone to do my assignment?" should not equate to bypassing the learning process entirely. Instead, these services should be seen as tools for enhancement, enabling students to improve their understanding and skills. Conclusion The growing demand for economics assignment writing services highlights the challenges students face in modern education. Whether grappling with complex topics or juggling multiple commitments, many turn to professional help to stay on track. Countries like Australia, the U.S., and the U.K. have particularly high demand, reflecting their diverse and rigorous academic environments. As students continue to ask, "Can I pay someone to do my assignment?", the key lies in using these services ethically and effectively to foster both academic success and personal growth.
Abstract
The demand for professional academic assistance is rising, with economics assignment writing services becoming increasingly popular among students worldwide. As the pressures [...]
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Comprehensive approach, basic-clinical-psychosocial, for respiratory diseases (SARS-CoV-2 model)
N. Arbeláez-Alvarez, S. Cañón-Buitrago, P. Uribe-Echeverry, J. Carmona-Hernandez

Collection of Articles on Medicine (2025). 1

Abstract
Clinical manifestations in patients affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 have been reported and its management has been suggested and followed by different international protocols. Due to the nature of the pandemic, the World Health Organization was active from the beginning of the epidemiological event and the different national entities throughout the world shared success stories in relation to treatment. Considering diagnostic and treatment tools, not only for this viral manifestation in the world, it is advisable to make a comprehensive evaluation of the challenge faced by health administration entities. The study and management of the medical event from different fields of knowledge offers a greater number of possibilities in the health management system, which can lead to a more efficient treatment of the disease. This review is highlights the importance of the analysis of SARS-CoV-2, focused on clinical, molecular and psychosocial aspects. With the search equations developed in different databases and search engines, more than 1,450 documents were found that had common characteristics. With the use of delimitation tools, 47 documents were analyzed and reported, highlighting the importance of a multidimensional analysis of an epidemiological event.
Abstract
Clinical manifestations in patients affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 have been reported and its management has been suggested and followed by different [...]
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Los economistas en los casos de defensa de la competencia
A. Petitbó, G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). Vol. La contribució dels professionals de l’economia, 218
- 14
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Apunts sobre l’Estat del benestar
A. Castells, G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). Vol. Sostenibilitat de les polítiques públiques, 146
- 0
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Com afrontar el repte de la nova legislació CSDDD (Diligència Deguda) i la seva aplicació en la cadena de subministrament de les organitzacions _ Full Paper
X. Carbonell, B. Bayo, G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). Vol. Sostenibilitat mediambiental, 124
- 0
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Entre l’artesania i la innovació
G. Bombardó, G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). Vol. Sostenibilitat mediambiental, 87
- 18
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Que podem aprendre del llarg camí de la transició energètica? On estem? Com seguir? - Full paper
J. López Ortega, G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). Vol. Sostenibilitat mediambiental, 190

Abstract
The energy transition is at a crucial point. Is it time to redefine the consensuses reached in the past? Can long-term agreements avoid conflicts in the short term? It seems, as we have reached the second decade of the 21st century, that the cartographic models that guided the energy transition have become obsolete. The author proposes to approach an analysis based more on observation than on preconceived doctrines and models. We are in a confusing moment. It can be stated that “no one can reverse the energy transition” or that this is the last opportunity to “drive the energy transition” threatened by a clash between renewable energies and energy monopolies. We live in a moment of strong frustration. An energetic and passionate narrative style pours out on us. Duels between egos and moments of confusion appear. The energy transition is entangled with the geopolitics that are stopping it. New challenges and old fantasies appear. Suddenly nuclear energy, gas, renewable fuels, hydrogen enter the political agenda.
Abstract
The energy transition is at a crucial point. Is it time to redefine the consensuses reached in the past? Can long-term agreements avoid conflicts in the short term? It seems, [...]
- 84
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Logística sostenible en un mercat digital
P. Roca, G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). Vol. La musculatura del sistema empresarial català, 217
- 4
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Fire Hazards Caused by Equipment Used in Offshore Oil and Gas Operations: Prescriptive vs. Goal-Oriented Legislation
D. Brkić

Fire (2025). Brkić, D. Fire Hazards Caused by Equipment Used in Offshore Oil and Gas Operations: Prescriptive vs. Goal-Oriented Legislation. Fire 2025, 8, 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire8010029

Abstract
Тhis article offers a concise overview of the best practices for safety in offshore oil and gas operations, focusing on the risks associated with various types of equipment, particularly on the risk of fire. It identifies specific machinery and systems that could pose hazards, assesses their potential impact on safety, and explores conditions that may lead to accidents. Some of the largest accidents were analyzed for their associations with fire hazards and specific equipment. Two primary regulatory approaches to offshore safety are examined: the prescriptive approach in the United States (US) and the goal-oriented approach in Europe. The prescriptive approach mandates strict compliance with specific regulations, while in the goal-oriented approach a failure to adhere to recognized best practices can result in legal accountability for negligence, especially concerning human life and environmental protection. This article also reviews achievements in safety through the efforts of regulatory authorities, industry collaborations, technical standards, and risk assessments, with particular attention given to the status of Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODUs). Contrary to common belief, the most frequent types of accidents are not those involving a fire/explosion caused by the failure of the Blowout Preventer (BOP) after a well problem has already started. Following analysis, it can be concluded that the most frequent type of accident typically occurs without fire and is due to material fatigue. This can result in the collapse of the facility, capsizing of the platform, and loss of buoyancy of mobile units, particularly in bad weather or during towing operations. It cannot be concluded that accidents can be more efficiently prevented under a specific type of safety regime, whether prescriptive or goal-oriented.
Abstract
Тhis article offers a concise overview of the best practices for safety in offshore oil and gas operations, focusing on the risks associated with various types of equipment, [...]
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Serbian energy sector in the global political landscape amid the Russia‑Ukraine war: a focus on perspectives of integration into the European Union
D. Brkić

Discover Energy (2024). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43937-024-00056-2

Abstract
This article consists of two main parts, both in relation to Serbia’s accession to the European Union EU in relation to its energy sector: (1) Political and policy issues, and (2) Energy production, consumption and pricing. Each is heavily influenced by the Russia-Ukraine War. Political issues are primarily related to Kosovo, which unilaterally declared independence from Serbia. Regarding supply, Serbia’s energy sector is affected unevenly: while electricity production remains self-sufficient, shortages in oil and gas necessitate imports. Natural gas imports, primarily from Russia, now bypass Ukraine, aided by the new Turk Stream pipeline via Black Sea and also new EU-funded interconnector with Bulgaria. Newly introduced EU sanctions restrict Russian crude oil imports especially via maritime routes, but Russian influence still dominates domestic refineries and hydrocarbon extraction. Serbia’s heavy reliance on environmentally unfriendly lignite conflicts with EU renewable goals, but on the other hand protests against small hydropower projects for capturing rivers in pipes are frequent nowadays. Recent issues in the largest thermal power plant led to costly temporary imports. Despite challenges, Serbia navigates a complex energy landscape, balancing geopolitical realities with domestic and EU objectives while addressing environmental concerns, energy security and its national interest.
Abstract
This article consists of two main parts, both in relation to Serbia’s accession to the European Union EU in relation to its energy sector: (1) Political and policy issues, [...]
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A microstructure-integrated acoustoplastic constitutive model for ultrasonic-assisted machining of Ti6Al4V alloy
H. Bakhshan, E. Oñate, J. Puigbó

CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology (2025). Vol. 57, 14-31

Abstract
The ultrasonic-assisted machining (UAM) technology, compared to conventional machining (CM), has been proven to be an effective method for machining the difficult-to-cut Ti6Al4V alloy (TC4). In the UAM process, the evolution mechanism of microstructure and hardness directly influences the material behavior and consequently, mechanical response, which remains unrevealed from a computational perspective. To address this, in this study, we present a developed modeling technique that combines the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) with incremental homogeneous field distributions in a coupled manner to effectively predict the macro and micro response of the material in both CM and UAM processes. First, the evolution of microstructural parameters, including immobile dislocation density (IDD) and mobile dislocation density (MDD), dynamic recrystallization (DRx) grain size, and hardness, is incrementally developed and incorporated into the PFEM using internal state variables. The Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) model and Hall–Petch equation are employed for predicting grain size and hardness, respectively. Second, A microstructure-integrated acoustoplastic constitutive model is developed based on a modified Johnson–Cook (JC) model and average grain size (AGS) predictions dependent on ultrasonic vibration (UV) parameters. The proposed model is embedded into the PFEM to conduct a thermo-mechanical analysis capable of capturing the TC4 response, particularly in terms of serrated chip formation during CM and UAM processes. The model’s validity is checked through comparison with available experimental results in terms of chip shapes. Lastly, the predicted AGS and hardness in serrated chips and machined surface are compared with experimental data, showing good agreement. This suggests that the proposed acoustoplastic constitutive model, coupled with microstructure and UV parameters, can reliably analyze the CM and UAM processes of the TC4.
Abstract
The ultrasonic-assisted machining (UAM) technology, compared to conventional machining (CM), has been proven to be an effective method for machining the difficult-to-cut Ti6Al4V [...]
- 38
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Effects of environmental regulations on air transport demand
J. Asensio, X. Fageda, A. Matas, J. Perdiguero

4rceec (2025). Vol. Infraestructures i gestió sostenible del territori, 108

Abstract
One of the challenges facing aviation is the reduction of its environmental impact, which necessarily involves an increase in fares. In this context, the article estimates what price increases would be necessary to achieve different objectives for changing the number of passengers. Based on the estimation of a demand model, and under different scenarios, the study shows that the price increase necessary to achieve zero or negative growth in the number of passengers on flights from Barcelona and Madrid to the United States would have to be high, between 3 and 5 percentage points more each year compared to a scenario of no action. This discussion is relevant in the current debate on the advisability of expanding Barcelona airport. The evaluation of the expansion should take into account that the traffic growth of recent years cannot be expected to the extent that environmental concerns will become even more relevant.
Abstract
One of the challenges facing aviation is the reduction of its environmental impact, which necessarily involves an increase in fares. In this context, the article estimates [...]
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The Uneven Tide of Globalization: Economic Growth, Unequal Distribution and the Rise of Populism
J. Minoves-Triquell, G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). Vol. L’economia catalana dins el nou marc geoestratègic global, 166
- 12
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Enhancing Robotic Interaction: A Fractional-Order Impedance Control Strategy to Mitigate Overshooting and Improve Tracking in Dynamic Environments
H. Cao

Papers Repository of the International Centre for Numerical Methods in Engineering (CIMNE) (2025). 1

Abstract
This research investigates the difficulties associated with transient overshooting, sluggish tracking responses, and inadequate steady-state accuracy that occur during the dynamic interactions between robotic systems and their physical environments. To tackle these challenges, a fractional-order impedance control strategy for robotic systems is proposed. An initial evaluation of existing integer-order impedance control methods indicates that these approaches depend on modifications to the update rate and adjustments to the elasticity parameter to suit various tasks. In light of these constraints, this study presents a more adaptable fractional-order impedance control framework. By utilizing the intrinsic characteristics of fractional-order impedance, the gain coefficients are designed to enable the mapping of fractional-order impedance to integer-order impedance, thereby improving computational efficiency and practical applicability. Additionally, certain beneficial aspects of high integer-order impedance control are incorporated into the fractional-order impedance to enhance overall performance, with clearly defined boundaries for dynamic adjustments. Simulation results indicate that the proposed fractional-order impedance significantly diminishes the peak contact force overshoot during contact and effectively reduces the system's unstable oscillatory behaviours. This approach is particularly advantageous for applications in which robots must function and interact within dynamic and uncertain environments.
Abstract
This research investigates the difficulties associated with transient overshooting, sluggish tracking responses, and inadequate steady-state accuracy that occur during the [...]
- 27
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La indefugible reforma de l’estat del benestar
J. Gual, G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). Vol. Sostenibilitat de les polítiques públiques, 57
- 12
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Gestors, fons d'inversió, capital privat i institucional com a clau del desenvolupament econòmic i social del segle XXI.
J. Franch Bellmunt

4rceec (2025). Vol. La musculatura del sistema empresarial català, 27

Abstract
En una economia global amb una circulació de capital cada vegada més fluida, un món occidental amb uns fluxos d'ingressos més estables que creixents i una despesa pública creixent, ens porten a l'única confluència possible que és la col·laboració publicoprivada. La col·laboració publicoprivada en un mercat de capitals extremadament permeable i cada vegada més professionalitzat, amb gestors de capital com a garants de l'eficiència inversora, ens donen l'oportunitat de treballar de forma constructiva i a través dels valors compartits cap a una col·laboració eficient i alineada amb l'economia productiva des de la consciència social. A tall de context socioeconòmic, hi ha dos fets al món occidental que són innegables; una despesa pública creixent i uns ingressos públics clarament estancats. La maduració dels últims cent anys a les nostres economies, la desindustrialització, la falta d’economies d’escala territorials, tant en la governació com en la productivitat han fet que mercats en una fase més incipient de la seva corba de desenvolupament econòmic i social, es beneficiessin d’anys de creixement econòmic sostingut en benefici de les seves economies. Els seus baixos costos de producció, escassa regulació i perquè negar-ho, la immediatesa i curt-placisme de les nostres economies a l’hora de deslocalitzar la producció per davant de la inversió en tecnologia per al manteniment de la producció local han contribuït a aquesta realitat. La maduresa de les nostres economies, també ha vingut acompanyada d’un creixent augment de la despesa, que rau de base en la inèrcia del creixement sostingut que ens ha acompanyat durant molts anys. Aquest creixement sostingut ha anat acompanyat de millores socials que han anat empenyent el nostre preuat estat del benestar, de forma consistent i escalada sense pensar en la productivitat i la proporcionalitat d’acord amb el creixement de les mateixes economies. D’alguna manera, els cicles politicodemocràtics de quatre anys ens han dut de forma subtil a l’infantilisme del creixement de despesa perpetu que ens ha portat fins al dia d'avui. El conflicte entre ingressos i despeses no té una solució fàcil en origen, al venir impulsat per les anteriors dinàmiques, dependents de múltiples factors difícilment dins el nostre control i d’abast regional, però influenciats per un entorn global. Aquesta casuística ens porta només cap a l’única obertura possible, que són les aplicacions creatives basades en casos d’èxit àmpliament provats. Contextualitzant les solucions creatives; a diferència de principis del segle passat, vivim en un món globalitzat, on no només les persones tenen llibertat de moviment sinó que tenim un mercat de capitals extremadament permeable i desestacionalitzat. Aquest capital circula ràpidament entre regions i sectors a alta velocitat en funció de l’atractiu de les diverses oportunitats i realitats. Això fa que aquest capital es torni més exigent, i obligui tant als teixits empresarials com als ens públics a ser més competitius en la lluita regional i fins i tot global per atreure la inversió estrangera a les seves respectives regions d’interès. Aquesta flexibilitat i permeabilitat, però, pot generar inestabilitat financera, de manera que canvis reguladors que afectin la competitivitat de les inversions en origen o a l’estranger, combinats amb l’alta elasticitat del capital tinguin un impacte directe sobre les corresponents economies. Independentment del seu origen, el capital a escala global és gestionat per gestors professionalitzats, que tenen l’objectiu de garantir l’eficiència inversora dels recursos d’acord amb uns principis que solen ser generalment comuns i guiats per una gestió activa i alineada. No només enfocats purament en la rendibilitat financera, sinó que també enfocats a determinades bones pràctiques en la governança corporativa o la sostenibilitat. Aquest joc de principis i bones pràctiques inversores solen venir marcades per la comunitat inversora en l'àmbit internacional, l'opinió pública i organitzacions supranacionals, d’acord amb les agendes públiques que marquen els acords comuns. Alguns exemples d’aquests principis i bones pràctiques podrien ser per exemple l’aproximació a la sostenibilitat, en un grau o un altre, les energies renovables, el reciclatge o la igualtat. El sector públic és bàsic per acompanyar al capital privat a l’hora de marcar i definir les línies d’actuació o tendències comunes que delimiten el terreny de joc. Aquest terreny de joc, és el terreny de joc que estableix les normes i els límits del bé comú en favor de tota la societat. Ara, si aquest terreny de joc no és transparent, canvia amb massa freqüència, no està equilibrat, senzillament no és competitiu, o és massa restrictiu, es corre, per altra banda, el risc que la flexibilitat i permeabilitat portin el capital a altres destins més atractius. Per aquest motiu una de les grans solucions plantejables en aquest entorn seria el PPP, la col·laboració publicoprivada. La col·laboració publicoprivada, en un entorn regulador just, estable i transparent, fa que tant el públic com el privat puguin compartir riscos i costos, garantint el finançament per a projectes estratègics a llarg termini, desestacionalitzant l’efecte de la política, les prioritats del moment i balls del pressupost públic cap al món privat. La col·laboració publicoprivada és molt vàlida tant per a projectes d’infraestructures comunes, projectes d’innovació tecnològica o per exemple educatius, cobrint tot l’espectre que a priori podria finançar el sector públic sense la necessitat del sector privat. Aquesta conjunció entre el públic i el privat per defecte, sempre que el terreny de joc sigui coherent, porta a una major eficiència en l’assignació de recursos, per la necessitat i capacitat del privat a la consecució de resultats, juntament amb una menor rigidesa en les estructures d’execució i unes millors escales retributives lligades a la consecució de l’objectiu comú. Tot això, com ja hauríem anticipat anteriorment, és impossible sense un marc de condicions sòlid basat en; marcs regulatius clars que protegeixin tant el capital privat com l’interès públic general, marc de transparència que garanteixi les assignacions i tots els escenaris per altra vegada protegir els interessos d’ambdues parts, una component d’innovació financera que sigui prou creativa per barrejar el capital tant públic com privat amb incomptables combinacions en funció de la necessitat i finalment la creació i sosteniment d’un marc mental, basat en l’important pilar de l’educació que reforci aquest camp tant al món públic com i privat, així com preparant als professionals per al sosteniment futur del model. Arran de l'últim punt, l’educació, és de vital importància treballar de forma conjunta en un marc compartit de valors que incentivin l’economia productiva però a la vegada la consciència social. Aquest equilibri és bàsic per a una correcta atracció del capital a l'hora de finançar el projectes, a la vegada que no perdem de vista el nostre preuat model de societat, fent-nos tots guardians del nostre model social, ja sigui des del cantó privat com el públic. Sense l’equilibri anterior, la col·laboració publicoprivada estaria condemnada al fracàs. Els gestors privats, de la mateixa manera que els gestors públics, tenen la mateixa i igual responsabilitat de trobar-se per respectar l’equilibri social i el model de societat. Però correspon al sector públic, un esforç major a l'hora de definir el model educatiu i de formació que a poc a poc serveixi de guia per al sector privat, sense caure en l’error de l’excés per falta de coneixement o exposició al sector o a la gestió privada. Ara com ara, des del sector privat, la clara percepció és que el sector públic ha agafat una dimensió difícilment gestionable des de l’eficiència privada; amb un marc regulador extremadament complex que limita l’execució pública. Els cossos de personal estan clarament desincentivats pel seu entorn regulador a la productivitat del sector privat i amb clares dificultats per entendre-s'hi, no per manca d’interès, sinó per falta d’exposició i experiència. Alhora, els lideratges del sector públic, a diferència de tot el conjunt de l’execució, estan mal pagats, el que fa que es desincentivi el salt d’individus del sector privat, això sí, deixant de banda les rigideses del sistema a l'hora de permetre reformes rellevants, tenint en compte que l’anterior tingués fàcil solució. Amb aquesta reflexió concloure que la col·laboració publicoprivada és bàsica per a l’èxit de les economies occidentals al segle XXI per la necessitat de capital privat i l’eficiència que això comporta, però el gran repte rau en la gran dimensió del sector públic i les seves estructures. Com hem comentat anteriorment, aquestes estructures en si mateixes tenen poc marge de canvi, ja que el seu capital humà és difícil que estigui en la disposició correcta pel seu perfil professional, representats pel llegat que els precedeix. Aquests canvis tan necessaris, que necessita l’ens públic per afavorir la permeabilitat del privat i l’eficiència entenent-los com a traumàtics, són necessaris de cara a tenir una Europa competitiva, eficient i alineada amb els reptes de model productiu que té en el futur pròxim, i alhora mantenir un model social equilibrat consistent amb el llegat dels últims cent anys.
Abstract
En una economia global amb una circulació de capital cada vegada més fluida, un món occidental amb uns fluxos d'ingressos més estables que [...]
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Una visió polifacètica i crítica a la gestió integral de l’aigua a Catalunya en condicions d’estrès climàtic
X. Sanchez-Vila, G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). Vol. Infraestructures i gestió sostenible del territori, 155
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Societats hipotètiques per valorar béns públics
A. Arenas, C. Boix, G. Congrés2025, . adsera@princeton.edu

4rceec (2025). Vol. Determinants del context macroeconòmic, 177

Abstract
En aquest article explorem com els ciutadans valoren la provisió de béns públics, com la sanitat pública i les eleccions democr`atiques, mitjan¸cant experiments de tipus conjoint. La metodologia permet superar les limitacions de les enquestes tradicionals i captar prefer`encies de manera indirecta i a partir de disjuntives. Els resultats mostren que els participants tenen una forta prefer`encia per aquests béns públics, sovint estant disposats a sacrificar increments substancials en els seus ingressos individuals per garantir la seva provisió. Aquests resultats contribueixen a la comprensió de les bases del suport ciutad`a a institucions essencials com la sanitat pública i la democr`acia, i obren noves vies per analitzar com es poden promoure polítiques que responguin millor a les prioritats col·lectives.
Abstract
En aquest article explorem com els ciutadans valoren la provisió de béns públics, com la sanitat pública i les eleccions democr`atiques, mitjan¸cant [...]
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Fueling Futures: The Impact of Career-Focused Academies on High School Motivation
M. Melika

J. of Dawn. R. (2025). Vol. 7, 2

Abstract
This study rigorously examines the effects of career-oriented programs on public high school students’ academic motivation, a crucial factor in educational achievement and persistence. Employing a mixed-methods approach with a sample of 61 students from diverse backgrounds, this research assesses the roles of elective courses geared toward career pathways and their intersections with supportive school environments and extracurricular involvement. Findings reveal that when students engage in elective programs aligned with their career aspirations, they display significantly higher motivation, increased engagement, and a deeper investment in learning processes. Further, these programs cultivate autonomy, foster a sense of community, and allow students to draw relevant connections between academic activities and real-world applications. By emphasizing the value of interest-based, student-centered learning experiences, this study contributes to the discourse on career and technical education and advocates for the inclusion of career-oriented academies as a means to bolster motivation and positively influence educational outcomes in public high schools.
Abstract
This study rigorously examines the effects of career-oriented programs on public high school students’ academic motivation, a crucial factor in educational achievement [...]
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PROBLEMES GLOBALS DEMANEN ESFORÇOS GLOBALS - Full paper
J. O.Grimalt, G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). Vol. Sostenibilitat mediambiental, 195
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Financiación de proyectos audiovisuales mediante la tecnología DLT - Full Paper
J. Matinero Tor, G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). Vol. Finances per una transició sostenible, 20
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Empreses, institucions, geopolítica.
M. Callejon, V. Ortún

4rceec (2025). Vol. La musculatura del sistema empresarial català, 90

Abstract
L’objectiu d’aquesta comunicació és doble: (1) connectar la dimensió empresarial amb la eficiència del conjunt del sistema empresarial; i (2) relacionar la política industrial que s'intenta obrir pas a escala europea amb la capacitat competitiva del conjunt d'empreses grans i petites. La situació de Catalunya i Espanya es presenta en termes comparatius internacionals. S'observa que la distribució de freqüències de dimensions empresarials, des de les microempreses i solo-emprenedors fins les empreses molt grans i multinacionals, influeix significativament en la eficiència econòmica d'un país. D'altre banda, s'argumenta que la absència d'una política industrial racional estratègica (Callejón, 1987) a la Unió Europea (UE) i països membres, i la manca de mesures orientades a incentivar dimensions òptimes de les empreses en mercats globals, no ha ajudat a impulsar la eficiència productiva de la UE front Estats Units (EUA) i Xina, malgrat la raonable posició socioeconòmica europea fins quasi l'inici del segle actual. Entenem que l'objectiu de la política industrial es tractar de configurar una estructura productiva internacionalment competitiva; tan directament com mitjançant la constitució d'un conjunt de institucions i regulacions que influeixin en les decisions empresarials en la mateixa direcció. De forma molt sintètica el text que segueix incorpora els apartats següents: introducció, empreses grans i petites, productivitat, innovació, formació educativa, inversió, política industrial i oportunitats. Paraules clau: empreses, microempreses, productivitat, política industrial.
Abstract
L’objectiu d’aquesta comunicació és doble: (1) connectar la dimensió empresarial amb la eficiència del conjunt del sistema empresarial; [...]
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Actitudes contrastadas ante el riesgo de inversión de hombres y mujeres
A. Carreras-Candi, P. Vila, G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). Vol. Finances per una transició sostenible, 4

Abstract
La Encuesta EFPA España: Mujeres y Finanzas revela que las mujeres tienden a elegir inversiones con menor riesgo que los hombres. Los resultados de este estudio, basado en los datos recopilados de más de 1.000 asesores financieros certificados de EFPA España, destacan un cambio significativo en la participación femenina en las decisiones financieras. Las mujeres no solo se involucran cada vez más en la gestión financiera familiar, sino que también muestran un creciente interés por el asesoramiento financiero. Este comportamiento refleja su tendencia a pensar a largo plazo, mantener mayor liquidez en sus carteras y mostrar mayor interés por inversiones socialmente responsables que los hombres. Este análisis revela datos claves sobre cómo las mujeres están tomando un rol más activo y reflexivo en la gestión financiera familiar y personal, y quiere responder cuestiones como: ¿De qué manera ha cambiado el comportamiento de inversión de las mujeres en los últimos años? ¿Qué papel juegan las mujeres en las decisiones financieras familiares? ¿Están las mujeres más interesadas en las inversiones socialmente responsables y sostenibles? ¿Cómo varía la preocupación por el ahorro para la jubilación entre mujeres y hombres? ¿Qué tipo de asesoramiento financiero buscan las mujeres y cómo valoran el papel de los asesores en sus decisiones de inversión?
Abstract
La Encuesta EFPA España: Mujeres y Finanzas revela que las mujeres tienden a elegir inversiones con menor riesgo que los hombres. Los resultados de este estudio, basado [...]
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Impacte de la Intel·ligència Artificial a la professió d'economista -Full Paper
R. Trias, G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). Vol. La contribució dels professionals de l’economia, 32
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Evolució de la desigualtat i de la classe mitjana a Catalunya i Espanya
O. Aspachs, J. Mestres Domenech, G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). Vol. Sostenibilitat de les polítiques públiques, 215
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