Documents published in 2025 : Scipedia

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Personalized design and reconstruction for the defect bone based on data driving and mechanics modelling
Z. Zhuang

Complas2025.

Abstract
Human periarticular bone defect is a difficult disease in orthopedics. There is challenge issue to recognize anisotropy, heterogeneity of bone tissue structure and graphics by low resolution clinic-CT image. In collaboration with clinical medicine, the data-driven and mechanics modeling technique for bone defect reconstruction is proposed. Data driven micro-CT and clinical-CT images are used to obtain the characteristics of cancellous bone structure and graphics. The experimental technology and numerical method are developed for predicting the mechanics parameters of animal specimen on the multi-axial stress state. The constitutive model of heterogeneous anisotropy of bone tissue is established and the parameters are deduced by Bayesian inference using the data given by numerical simulation and experiment. For designing the robust cancellous prosthesis bone, a kind of spinodal lattice is designed with random, indeterminate, aperiodic, asymmetry, irregular, large space for mechanical and biological function. The digital triplets with physical scanning CT image, virtual equivalent modulus and additive manufacturing lattice design are created to guide the clinical treatment of personalized bone defects. This work has been demonstrated in some clinical applications to the benefit of patients.
Abstract
Human periarticular bone defect is a difficult disease in orthopedics. There is challenge issue to recognize anisotropy, heterogeneity of bone tissue structure and graphics [...]
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Constitutive Laws as Generative Graphs and Trees
W. Sun

Complas2025.

Abstract
This talk explores the various ways high-fidelity constitutive laws for a wide range of solids, such as soil, rock, alloys, and polymer composites, can be represented and how the choice of representations influences the accuracy, robustness, and data/computational efficiency for computer simulations of solids. To represent material models as points, we adopt a model-free approach that enables physical simulations of material behaviors without a smooth constitutive law. In this case, pointwise stress-strain pairs are selected in Gauss points of finite elements to be compatible with the conservation laws. To represent material models as meshes, we introduce a latent diffusion model where previous material models and experimental data are used to guide the reverse generation of models. This mesh-based material model is particularly efficient for non-smooth plasticity, where projection on segments can lead to significantly faster simulations. To represent material models as expression trees, we use the neural additive model in the projected space of strain measures. This technique enables us to search for hyperelasticity in high-dimensional space without sacrificing the expressivity of neural networks. We show that the proposed model may reproduce any polynomial of arbitrary orders and dimensions and thus achieve the universal approximation through the StoneWeierstrass theorem. Through a series of 1D post-hoc symbolic regressions, we obtain symbolic material models that significantly reduce the inference time for hydrocodes [1]. The pros and cons of these techniques for various practical applications will be discussed.
Abstract
This talk explores the various ways high-fidelity constitutive laws for a wide range of solids, such as soil, rock, alloys, and polymer composites, can be represented and [...]
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On the application of the virtual element method for problems with inelastic material behaviour
P. Wriggers

Complas2025.
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Plasticity and the airframe -- aircraft structure from birth to ultimate state
S. Van-der-Veen

Complas2025.

Abstract
From the beginning of metallic airframes in the 1930's until today, it has always been required to have a thorough understanding of the plastic behaviour of aircraft structure. Nowadays, advanced models of plasticity are used along the entire design and development process: they are needed to compute the ultimate state of the structure for certification, and also to simulate the manufacturing of the often complex, double-curved components. Mastery of this chain has helped to create the safest mode of transport humankind has known so far. This talk will recap some of the history that got us to where we are today, to help understand current practice, and it will sketch future needs and possibilities. As in the past, the collaboration between academic research and the aerospace industry will continue to be the key to safety, comfort and sustainability.
Abstract
From the beginning of metallic airframes in the 1930's until today, it has always been required to have a thorough understanding of the plastic behaviour of aircraft structure. [...]
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Surrogate computational homogenization for inelastic composites and room for quantum acceleration strategies
K. Terada

Complas2025.

Abstract
We have recently proposed a class of data-centric methods for computational homogenization (CH) using radial basis function (RBF) interpolation, which substitutes for the microscopic analysis for inelastic composites at small-strain and finite-strain [1,2,3]. This approach, which is referred to as RBF-based surrogate CM, has been applied to elastoplastic composite materials at small strain [1] and finite strain [2], and viscoelastic composite materials [3] to demonstrate the capability in overcoming the difficulty of conventional multiscale analysis methods. However, the computational cost of the process of obtaining the weights of RBFs by solving linear equations with the kernel matrix as coefficients is high, and this approach has been applied only to twodimensional (2D) problems. To address the problem that comes from the sheer volume of data, in this study, various measures can be taken to extend the RBF-based surrogate CH to 3D problems from a practical perspective. For example, a limited number of combinations of the six components of macroscopic strain are randomly selected on the hypersphere to perform numerical material tests to generate a set of macroscopic stresses and macroscopic strain histories. After that, the procedure should be the same as the one we have developed so far. The present study particularly focusses on a partitioned RBF interpolation with the help of decision-tree-based partitioning of the data space. Optimizing the partitioning of the hyperspace, consisting of macrostrain and historydependent variables in the input data, allows for low-cost and efficient RBF interpolation approximation. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the promise and performance of the proposed method. The RBF-based surrogate model thus created can be applied to several engineering problems. For example, its convenience can be used for topology optimization, and we will also briefly discuss its potential for combination with quantum algorithms for nonlinear multiscale analysis.
Abstract
We have recently proposed a class of data-centric methods for computational homogenization (CH) using radial basis function (RBF) interpolation, which substitutes for the [...]
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Advances and structural applications of Isogeometric Analysis
A. Reali

Complas2025.

Abstract
Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) is a successful simulation framework originally proposed by T.J.R. Hughes et al., in 2005, with the aim of bridging Computational Mechanics and Computer Aided Design. In addition to this, thanks to the high-regularity properties of its basis functions, IGA has shown a better accuracy per degree-of-freedom and an enhanced robustness with respect to standard finite elements in many contexts - ranging from solids and structures to fluids, as well as to different kinds of coupled problems – opening also the door for the approximation in primal form of higher-order partial differential equations. After a concise introduction of the basic isogeometric concepts, this lecture aims at presenting some IGA recent advances with a special focus on interesting structural applications in several fields where the characteristics of IGA seem to be of great advantage. In particular, applications that will be discussed include the simulation of fluid-structure interaction in different situations, studies on the effect of mechanicallyinduced stresses on prostate cancer growth, thermo-mechanical simulations of additive manufacturing processes, electro-mechanical simulations for biological tissues, and the use of phase-field modeling of fracture and other problems.
Abstract
Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) is a successful simulation framework originally proposed by T.J.R. Hughes et al., in 2005, with the aim of bridging Computational Mechanics and [...]
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Recent advances in the particle finite element method for fluid-structure interactions and multi-physics problems
J. Ponthot

Complas2025.

Abstract
Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) is a still rather young discretization method that seeks to merge the advantages of the classical FEM with those of modern particle-based methods, such as SPH. To this end, PFEM is designed as a Lagrangian method that combines computations over one time step using FEM with a fast remeshing algorithm, thereby avoiding mesh distortions consequent to very large deformations, such as those encountered in fluid flow with free surfaces. The method is thus quite flexible and can be applied to both solid and fluid material behavior (see e.g. [1] as a sample of the state of the art). PFEM has proven to be a very versatile method that not only allows tracking free evolving boundaries but also take into account thermo-mechanical coupling and thus tackle more complex multi-physics problems. For instance, thanks to its Lagrangian character and its ability to automatically track evolving free surfaces and interfaces, PFEM allows handling phase change due to solidification, melting and vaporization, as well as capillary and Marangoni effects from surface tension [2]. These physical ingredients are highly valuable for simulating melt pool dynamics, for example, in the context of additive manufacturing. Multiphysics problems can lead to models that are inherently incompatible or highly difficult to combine within the same numerical implementation. In such a case, it is convenient to split the physical models and solve them separately using dedicated software. Although this approach has been used mostly to address fluid-structure interaction problems in PFEM, it has also been used to couple thermo-mechanical models, for example, in the simulation of welding processes. This work gathers recent advances in the PFEM with special attention to the incorporation of multi-physics models and their applications. In addition, numerical examples of the PFEM will illustrate fluid-structure interaction problems including contact between different solid parts and plastic deformation of some components of the system. These advances will be complemented by new remeshing proposals to further improve the PFEM strategy, which aim at reducing numerical artifacts and improving the continuity and smoothness of the free surface on which complex physical phenomena take place.
Abstract
Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) is a still rather young discretization method that seeks to merge the advantages of the classical FEM with those of modern particle-based [...]
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A coupled Multiscale Model of the Human Cornea Accounting for the Collagenous Microstructure and the Extracellular Matrix
A. Pandolfi

Complas2025.

Abstract
The human cornea is a complex, highly specialized structure necessary for the vision function of the Eye. The cornea, due to its shape and transparency, refracts and transmits the light to the retina. Cornea's mechanical properties, critical for maintaining corneal shape and function under intraocular pressure, arise from the composition of a hydrated proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) reinforced by an intricate network of collagen fibrils organized into lamellae. Despite extensive research, existing biomechanical models often fall short of capturing the coupled interplay between the ECM and collagen reinforcements, especially under physiological and pathological conditions. This work seeks to address this gap by proposing a novel computational model that integrates a continuum representation of the ECM with a discrete collagencrosslinking network. The continuum approach for the ECM is chosen to represent its viscoelastic behavior and interaction with fluid flow, critical for corneal hydration and load transmission. Conversely, the collagen network is modeled as a discrete, anisotropic reinforcement system, capturing the directional stiffness imparted by the collagen fibrils and their crosslinking. The model is developed to account for the influence of enzymatic degradation, age-related changes, and disease processes such as keratoconus, where alterations in the ECM-collagen coupling are known to drive structural instability. The innovation of this approach lies in its multiscale integration, bridging the molecular mechanics of collagen crosslinking with macroscopic corneal behavior. By explicitly linking the continuum matrix with a collagen-reinforced network, the model offers some possibility to deepen our understanding of corneal mechanics. The inclusion of experimentally derived parameters for collagen alignment, crosslink density, and ECM properties, will make the model predictive in the simulation of physiological responses to intraocular pressure and external mechanical perturbations.
Abstract
The human cornea is a complex, highly specialized structure necessary for the vision function of the Eye. The cornea, due to its shape and transparency, refracts and transmits [...]
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Front tracking with a twist: the eXtreme mesh deformation approach (X-MESH)
N. Moës

Complas2025.

Abstract
The arbitrary Eulerian Lagrangian (ALE) formulation is a common approach for tracking fronts in finite element simulations. It is, however, difficult to track fronts over long distances because the mesh quality becomes poor on one side of the front. Moreover, traditional ALE front tracking cannot cope with changes in the front topology. To remedy the above problems (at least the first one), remeshing is required from time to time to maintain correct mesh approximation capability on both sides of the front. This remeshing requires projection of the field and updating of the database in the simulation, which is detrimental to the speed and accuracy. We introduce a new approach in which the set of nodes located on the front evolves over time allowing the front to migrate through the mesh. Topological changes are easily considered. For example, a front can nucleate, propagate and merge with other fronts as it propagates. For the new approach to work properly, we must accept that some elements become very small and possibly of zero measure. This means that the elements can deform in extreme ways, hence the acronym X-MESH. Surprisingly, as we shall show, this situation does not prevent simulations from being carried out. In short, X-MESH simply uses node movements to propagate fronts over long distances, even in the event of topological changes. The mesh topology remains unchanged during simulation. The size and sparsity of the finite element matrices are therefore fixed throughout the simulation, and no field projection is required. As the simulation progresses, nodes arrive and depart from the front. X-MESH's capability will be demonstrated for several important applications in mechanics and physics, such as front tracking in the Stefan phase change model or the simulation of immiscible two-phase flows. The work is funded by a European Research Council (ERC) Synergy Grant whose co-pI is Professor J-F. Remacle also at UCLouvain
Abstract
The arbitrary Eulerian Lagrangian (ALE) formulation is a common approach for tracking fronts in finite element simulations. It is, however, difficult to track fronts over [...]
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Recent developments in detecting and localizing weaknesses in structures for high-fidelity digital twins
R. Lohner

Complas2025.

Abstract
Given that all materials exposed to the environment and/or undergoing loads eventually age and fail, the task of trying to detect and localize weaknesses in structures is common to many fields. Traditionally, manual inspection was the only way of carrying out this task, aided by ultrasound, X-ray, or vibration analysis techniques. The advent of accurate, abundant and cheap sensors, together with detailed, high-fidelity computational models in an environment of digital twins has opened the possibility of enhancing and automating the detection and localization of weaknesses in structures. The procedures proposed here are based on measured forces and displacements/strains, and formulate the determination of material properties (or weaknesses) as an optimization problem for the strength factor. These procedures belong to the more general class of inverse problems where structural properties are sought based on a desired cost functional. The use of adjoint formulations and smoothing of gradients to quickly localize damaged regions makes the problem tractable. Recent developments include: extension to nonlinear materials, incorporation of uncertainty, and transient problems. Several examples show the viability, accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methodology and its potential use for high fidelity digital twins.
Abstract
Given that all materials exposed to the environment and/or undergoing loads eventually age and fail, the task of trying to detect and localize weaknesses in structures is [...]
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AI-accelerated computational multiscale modeling
D. Kochmann

Complas2025.

Abstract
Multiscale modeling is the branch of computational mechanics that has suffered from the limits imposed by computational costs probably the most, owing to computations being performed on more than one scale. Consequently, the use of machine learning (ML) methods to bypass costly lower-scale or scale-bridging simulations has tremendous potential to accelerate multiscale modeling and provide new opportunities for simulating the complex mechanics of materials and structures. We will discuss a few recent applications of ML to the field of computational mechanics, all united by the ambition to accelerate simulations across scales. One example is ML-based surrogate material modeling to bypass expensive material point calculations, e.g., by using Recurrent Neural Operators (RNOs) as surrogates for computationally expensive constitutive laws. This is demonstrated for finite-strain crystal plasticity models for magnesium, which are typically too expensive to be used in a multiscale setting. Similarly, FE2 simulations can be considerably accelerated when replacing the microscale boundary value problem by an efficient ML-based surrogate model [1] – as we will show for multiscale simulations of beam-based metamaterials, accelerated by a Kolmogorov-Arnold (KAN) network. Another example are constitutive artificial neural networks for architected materials, which learn the complex constitutive response as a function of the underlying structural architecture [2] for use as surrogate models in macroscale boundary value problems. Overall, we demonstrate how the integration of the principles of mechanics and thermodynamics with ML tools can result in (sufficiently) accurate and efficient AIaccelerated solutions for computational multiscale modeling. We close by highlighting the potential of such tools also for design optimization, e.g., of architected materials.
Abstract
Multiscale modeling is the branch of computational mechanics that has suffered from the limits imposed by computational costs probably the most, owing to computations being [...]
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Strain ageing phenomena in metallic alloys: Experiments and modelling
S. Forest

Complas2025.

Abstract
Static and dynamic strain ageing phenomena induced by the interaction between dislocations and solute atoms, are ubiquitous in engineering metallic alloys. In Nickel-based superalloys used for turbine disks in jet engines, negative strain rate sensitivity is observed at service tempature and results in the devlopment of Portevin-Le Chatelier bands. A viscoplastic constitutive model will be presented which captures the serrations in tensile notch samples and biaxial tension specimens. Finite element simulations then show the impact of DSA on the burst of turbine disks [1]. Static strain ageing is associated to the formation of L¨uders bands in steel sheets. We illustrate the impact of their propagation on the viscoplastic behaviour of zinc coatings on galvanized steel sheets, by means of crystal plasticity applied to zinc grains
Abstract
Static and dynamic strain ageing phenomena induced by the interaction between dislocations and solute atoms, are ubiquitous in engineering metallic alloys. In Nickel-based [...]
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Variational Phase-Field Modeling of Fracture: Towards Second-Generation Models
L. De Lorenzis

Complas2025.
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Recent advances in the development of reliable neural simulators based on graph architectures
E. Cueto

Complas2025.

Abstract
Of all the contributions that AI is making to computational mechanics, the possibility of developing learned simulators is one of the most interesting. Of course, there is a whole ecosystem of techniques that can be used for this purpose, but the use of geometric deep learning is perhaps one of the most promising. Of particular interest is the so-called graph neural network architecture, since traditional finite element meshes can themselves be considered a graph. Thus, it is very convenient to train such architectures with synthetic data obtained by high-fidelity simulation. As will be seen in our presentation, graph networks (possibly informed by physics) allow a very high degree of generalization, as well as the level of accuracy they provide. In this talk we will show details about the inner workings of such networks, particularly the message passing scheme, and we will see how reliable they are for use in problems involving plasticity.
Abstract
Of all the contributions that AI is making to computational mechanics, the possibility of developing learned simulators is one of the most interesting. Of course, there is [...]
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School Leadership Challenges in Using Media Sites in selected High schools in the Khomas Region
M. Antonio, D. Nkengbeza

Collection of Articles on Social Sciences (2025). 1

Abstract
The ability of media sites to quicken uptake into everyday life is affecting the way people interact as they learn, particularly in schools. Social networking sites provide numerous possibilities for richer online instruction, instant message communication, and education-community interaction but also pose difficult problems for school leaders. The paper was guided by the following research question: What challenges do school leaders face when using media websites in selected high schools in the Khomas Region? It also analyzed how school leaders weigh advantages of media websites against difficulties it presents. Lastly, the paper states that school leaderships need to be able to use media websites effectively in senior schools. Five secondary schools were included in this study. The sample included five principals and ten HODs. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews with the five principals, and ten department heads. Data was analyzed using descriptive content analysis. The main findings indicated the difficulties associated with the use of media websites by the school leaders. School leadership misuse media websites by writing negative comments regarding the issues raised in these websites, and others use abusive language towards others when communicating on the media websites and forward non-academic emails to others. Most of the beneficiaries of information uploaded on media platforms by the school leadership lack technological devices upon which they can access the information and messages uploaded. The study also put forward a series of solutions that specifically that it is imperative the fact that all schools ought to be endowed with the required technological infrastructure, including a WI-FI network connection, improved internet connectivity and sufficient technological devices like laptops. Schools need to establish individual social networking accounts where students, teachers, caregivers, and school leadership can converse, exchange resources, and debate education-related matters. The social networking policies that provide easy guidelines for appropriate use, content sharing, and personal data protection need to be formulated and mandatory to implement. These policies also provide school leadership with how they can utilize more effectively media sites to improve their leadership approaches.
Abstract
The ability of media sites to quicken uptake into everyday life is affecting the way people interact as they learn, particularly in schools. Social networking sites provide [...]
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Citation by Completion: LLM Writing Aids and the Redistribution of Academic Credits
A. Startari

Citation by Completion: LLM Writing Aids and the Redistribution of Academic Credits (2025). https://zenodo.org/records/17287506

Abstract
Large language models increasingly shape how academic citations are produced, suggested, and normalized. This paper examines the redistribution of academic credit produced by autocomplete and citation recommendation systems. While citation metrics traditionally reflect author intent, the syntactic design of LLM suggestion interfaces introduces a new variable: authority-bearing syntax. Through a double-blind experimental design comparing writing sessions with suggestion disabled, neutral suggestion, and authority-framed suggestion, this study quantifies shifts in citation concentration, novelty, and legitimacy phrasing. Results show that completions containing legitimizing structures (“as established by,” “following the seminal work of”) significantly increase concentration and reduce source diversity. The paper defines three measurable deltas, ΔC (concentration), ΔN (novelty), and ΔA (authority syntax), and demonstrates how predictive phrasing can algorithmically reproduce canonical hierarchies. As a corrective, it proposes a Fair Citation Prompt specification and an editorial checklist to detect and mitigate credit capture through syntactic bias. The findings suggest that citation fairness must be treated not only as a bibliometric concern but as a structural property of text generation systems, requiring explicit governance at the level of language form.. Acknowledgment / Editorial Note This article is published with editorial permission from LeFortune Academic Imprint, under whose license the text will also appear as part of the upcoming book AI Syntactic Power and Legitimacy. The present version is an autonomous preprint, structurally complete and formally self-contained. No substantive modifications are expected between this edition and the print edition. LeFortune holds non-exclusive editorial rights for collective publication within the Grammars of Power series. Open access deposit on SSRN is authorized under that framework, if citation integrity and canonical links to related works (SSRN: 10.2139/ssrn.4841065, 10.2139/ssrn.4862741, 10.2139/ssrn.4877266) are maintained.
Abstract
Large language models increasingly shape how academic citations are produced, suggested, and normalized. This paper examines the redistribution of academic credit produced [...]
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Effect of Silt and Clay Contents in Natural Sand on the Compressive and Flexural Strengths of Standard Grade Concrete
J. Alipio(1), S. Anciado(2), K. Matalang(3), E. QUEZON(4*)

JSC Matls. Proj. Mangt. (2025). Vol. 1, (Issue-2, December), 10

Abstract
Natural river sand is often contaminated with varying quantities of silt, clay, and other organic impurities that adversely affect the quality of concrete. This research investigates the effects of silt and clay content on the compressive and flexural strengths of standard grade concrete. Sand samples were purposively collected from three locations, Site A, B, and C, while a control sample with slight impurities was obtained from Site D. Concrete cubes and beams using the same cement, coarse aggregate, and water ratios were tested at 14 and 28 days. The control sample obtained a compressive strength of 24.89 MPa, while the samples with 3, 4, 5, and 6 silt and clay attained 21.63, 17.18, 17.07, and 13.61 MPa, respectively. Flexural strengths follow a similar pattern, with only the control sample satisfying the minimum standard requirements. Results showed that increasing the silt and clay content decreases the compressive and flexural strengths. Hence, proper testing and washing to remove contaminated fine aggregates is strongly recommended prior to use in construction.
Abstract
Natural river sand is often contaminated with varying quantities of silt, clay, and other organic impurities that adversely affect the quality of concrete. This research investigates [...]
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Evaluation of the Mechanical performance of HMA containing PET plastic and CHA as a filler material
N. Tessera(1), E. Quezon(2*), T. Bezabih(3)

JSC Matls. Proj. Mangt. (2025). Vol. 1, (Issue-2, December), 5

Abstract
In road construction, various materials are used in the production of hot mix asphalt (HMA). Among them, bitumen and filler materials play a major role in the mechanical behavior of HMA. Bitumen properties and filler material govern HMA pavement performance. HMA pavements are associated with extremely high-temperature and high-traffic volume conditions, which can cause rutting, fatigue cracking, and permanent deformation. Pavement distress shortens service life and increases maintenance costs. This research focused on enhancing pavement resistance to distress by modifying the properties of bitumen with Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic and utilizing alternative fillers, such as coffee husk ash (CHA). In this study, two phases were used. The first phase involved collecting samples, and the second phase consisted of three sub-phases. To design a material quality test, the first step was to develop a Marshal mix design and three types of mixtures: a mixture of normal HMA with SD filler, a mixture of normal HMA with CHA filler, and a combination of CHA filler and 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% PET plastic. Marshal mix was used to analyze the marshal and volumetric properties of HMA pavement. According to the Marshall test, the CHA filler exhibits better performance than the SD filler in HMA mixtures. At 6.8% optimum PET plastic higher stability (15.9KN) and density value (2.268g/cm3) and lower flow (2.96mm), VMA (14.83%), and VFA value (73.01%) as compared with unmodified bitumen of 14.30KN, 3.5mm, 2.256g/cm3, 15.62%, and 75.06% value respectively at 4% air void provided. Therefore, the evaluation showed that the HMA containing a combination of 6.8% PET plastic and 3.2% CHS filler shows better mechanical performance in terms of Marshall stability and the volumetric properties of HMA.
Abstract
In road construction, various materials are used in the production of hot mix asphalt (HMA). Among them, bitumen and filler materials play a major role in the mechanical behavior [...]
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Protocol as Prescription: Governance Gaps in Automated Medical Policy Drafting
A. Startari

Protocol as Prescription: Governance Gaps in Automated Medical Policy Drafting (2025). https://zenodo.org/records/17259810

Abstract
This article examines how health policy texts drafted with large language models can detach legal responsibility from the formal circuit of governance. Treating “protocol” as regla compilada, anchored to a Type 0 production in the Chomsky hierarchy, it specifies a provenance standard that binds each clause of an issued policy to its generating inputs, including prompts, parameters, retrieval sources, reviewers, timestamps, and cryptographic hashes. The method combines version-controlled diffs across scoping, drafting, legal review, and publication with a formal alignment of authority bearing constructions, focusing on deontic stacks, default scopes, agent deletion, and nominalizations. A simulated ministry case demonstrates end to end traceability, producing an exportable evidence bundle that links surviving clauses to their inputs and human approvals. Findings show where machine introduced formulations change duty of care or obscure decision rights, and define mandatory human sign offs when high risk constructions appear. The article delivers three operational artifacts for health agencies, a provenance specification, a responsibility matrix across drafting stages, and an audit checklist calibrated to inspection and courtroom needs. By reattaching authorship and justification to the formal record, the blueprint closes a governance gap in automated policy drafting and states the conditions under which AI assisted procedures remain defensible. Acknowledgment / Editorial Note This article is published with editorial permission from LeFortune Academic Imprint, under whose license the text will also appear as part of the upcoming book AI Syntactic Power and Legitimacy. The present version is an autonomous preprint, structurally complete and formally self-contained. No substantive modifications are expected between this edition and the print edition. LeFortune holds non-exclusive editorial rights for collective publication within the Grammars of Power series. Open access deposit on SSRN is authorized under that framework, if citation integrity and canonical links to related works (SSRN: 10.2139/ssrn.4841065, 10.2139/ssrn.4862741, 10.2139/ssrn.4877266) are maintained.
Abstract
This article examines how health policy texts drafted with large language models can detach legal responsibility from the formal circuit of governance. Treating “protocol” [...]
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Evaluation of the properties of Elevated Short Term Aged Asphalt Binder
{. 100%;", . |-, |. top;"|Abstract, B. Tadele

Evaluation of the properties of Elevated Short Term Aged Asphalt Binder (2025). 1

Abstract
The rheological properties of Asphalt binder are dependent on the induced temperature during mixing, hauling and compaction. Different literatures and manuals recommend the short term aging property to be checked for period of 85 minutes but during construction on the site this time will not be attained and there is a probability of increase on this time. The objective of this study is to determine time-dependent aging property of 80/100 penetration grade bitumen. Four specimens of equal weight were extracted from the Penetration grade-80/100 bitumen. The first specimen checked for quality requirements. The other three specimens are aged using Rolling Thin Film Oven for 85, 115, and 145 minutes to simulate the delay during HMA production, hauling, and compaction. Test results indicated as the time of aging increased, penetration and ductility decreased, while, softening point, flash point, and mass loss increased, but a fire point remained constant. Further rheological study using AST and FST test indicate that there is property change on the stiffness and flow property of asphalt binder.
Abstract
The rheological properties of Asphalt binder are dependent on the induced temperature during mixing, hauling and compaction. Different literatures and manuals recommend the [...]
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Indexical Collapse: Reference Disappears, Authority Remains in Predictive Systems
A. Startari

Indexical Collapse: Reference Disappears, Authority Remains in Predictive Systems (2025). https://zenodo.org/records/17226412

Abstract
This article introduces the concept of Indexical Collapse, the disappearance of reference in predictive systems. Indexical such as pronouns, demonstratives, and tenses presuppose a contextual anchor, yet predictive language models reproduce them without connection to reality. The outcome is a collapse of reference that paradoxically produces authority effects in law, medicine, and governance. By analyzing judicial transcripts, medical reports, institutional records, and chatbot interactions generated by AI, the paper proposes a framework for pragmatic auditing of predictive outputs. It establishes thresholds for acceptable referential absence in critical domains, positioning Indexical Collapse as a central category for evaluating the legitimacy of predictive discourse. DOI Primary archive: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17226412 Secondary archive: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30233950 SSRN: Pending assignment (ETA: Q3 2025)
Abstract
This article introduces the concept of Indexical Collapse, the disappearance of reference in predictive systems. Indexical such as pronouns, demonstratives, and tenses [...]
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Influence of Recycled Polyisobutylene and Ceramic Powder on the Mechanical Performance of Asphalt Binder at High Temperature
S. TEMESGEN(1), E. Quezon(2*), G. Garedew(3), A. Feyissa(4)

JSC Matls. Proj. Mangt. (2025). Vol. 1, (Issue-2, December), 3

Abstract
The application of industrial wastes, particularly polyisobutylene and ceramic powder, to asphalt has not been investigated. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the influence of these waste materials on the physical and rheological properties of bitumen using both conventional and Superpave tests. In this investigation, a polyisobutylene-ceramic powder was used as a modifier for bitumen with a penetration grade of 60/70 at concentrations of 0.0%, 0.7%, 1.4%, and 2.1% by weight. The results indicated that increasing the modifier content led to a significant drop in penetration and a decrease in asphalt ductility. Additionally, the softening point increased as the modifier content also increased. Furthermore, as the modifier concentration increases, the asphalt binder's stiffness increases at high temperatures, while the complex modulus master curve shows a low-frequency response. Similarly, a performance-based asphalt grading system demonstrated that modified bitumen at 0.7% and 1.4% enhanced the PG grades to 64°C and 70°C, respectively. As a result, this represents the increased resistance of modifiers to permanent pavement deformation.
Abstract
The application of industrial wastes, particularly polyisobutylene and ceramic powder, to asphalt has not been investigated. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the [...]
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My AI, My Regime: Authoritarian Personalism in User–AI Governance by Form
A. Startari

My AI, My Regime: Authoritarian Personalism in User–AI Governance by Form (2025). https://zenodo.org/records/17208657

Abstract
This article introduces the concept of authoritarian personalism in user–AI governance by form. It argues that each user can establish a regime of authority over an AI through a self-authored set of rules that operate as a regla compilada, a Type-0 production in the Chomsky hierarchy. In contrast to aggregate alignment frameworks or provider constitutions, this regime functions at the level of linguistic form. The user acts as legislator, while the AI functions as a soberano ejecutable that enforces the compiled rule within platform constraints. The analysis distinguishes mirroring (descriptive reflection) from regime (prescriptive obedience) and identifies surface features that make obedience legible, including directive grammar, defaults, refusal and apology grammar, enumeration bias, evidentials, and style prohibitions. It predicts that user corrections generate path dependence, that rules generalize across tasks, and that retractability is observable when explicit rule citations occur. The risks include rule overreach, collisions with higher-order policies, and unintended spillover across domains. By centering the individual as a primary locus of governance, this framework reorients debates on AI alignment away from provider norms toward personal regimes, verified through linguistic form rather than intent. DOI Primary archive: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17208657 Secondary archive: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30218590 SSRN: Pending assignment (ETA: Q3 2025)
Abstract
This article introduces the concept of authoritarian personalism in user–AI governance by form. It argues that each user can establish a regime of authority over [...]
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Clinical Syntax: Diagnoses Without Subjects in AI-Powered Medical Notes
A. Startari

Clinical Syntax: Diagnoses Without Subjects in AI-Powered Medical Notes (2025). https://zenodo.org/records/17184301

Abstract
This article examines the structural erasure of the patient as an active subject in clinical records generated by artificial intelligence systems. Automated outputs from Epic Scribe, GPT-4, and institutional medical note generators increasingly rely on impersonal constructions, nominalizations, and fragmented clauses that displace the patient from the syntactic center of medical discourse. The shift toward objectified formulations such as “bilateral opacities noted” rather than “the patient presents with” produces a discourse where agency and responsibility are structurally absent. Building on prior analyses of passive voice and subject deletion, the study introduces the Syntactic Opacity Index (SOI) as a formal measure to quantify the density of non-agentive structures in AI-authored notes. The corpus analysis demonstrates how opacity accumulates at the sentence level, rendering the clinical narrative less transparent and more difficult to attribute. Beyond linguistic critique, the article assesses the ethical and epistemic consequences of syntactic opacity in medicine, particularly regarding accountability, patient-centered care, and institutional responsibility. The findings suggest that AI-powered medical documentation does not merely accelerate administrative workflows but also reconfigures the grammar of care itself, demanding urgent attention to how language structures shape both diagnosis and responsibility. DOI Primary archive: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17184301 Secondary archive: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30187882 SSRN: Pending assignment (ETA: Q3 2025)
Abstract
This article examines the structural erasure of the patient as an active subject in clinical records generated by artificial intelligence systems. Automated outputs from Epic [...]
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Bike Lane Project Implementation for Sustainable Transportation in Tuguegarao City: A Technical and Economic Perspective
J. Dayrit(1), K. Garo(2), M. Pastores(3), E. QUEZON(4*)

JSC Matls. Proj. Mangt. (2025). Vol. 1, (Issue-2, December), 4

Abstract
The Philippines is perennially confronted with transport problems, with 11.7 million registered vehicles resulting in highly congested, poorly mobile roadways. In line with the Philippine Development Plan, which focuses on creating intermodal terminals and sheltered bike lanes to promote sustainable transportation, this study examines the technical and financial feasibility of implementing bike lanes within Tuguegarao City. Employing a mixed-methods research design, the study assessed current road conditions and traffic flow and collected insights from stakeholders. The qualitative data were collected using structured survey questionnaires, while the quantitative analysis used traffic volume data to calculate the level of service (LOS). The findings show that health and environmental benefits motivate bicycle use, while the lack of dedicated lanes and safe parking spaces discourages its adoption. However, there is high public support for bike lane implementation (mean rating: 4.48). Infrastructure constraints suggest that upgrading should precede construction. LOS results (B and D) confirm the viability of shared roads to improve traffic performance. Economic analysis also showed that the cost of bicycle investments can be recouped in 14 months through transportation benefits. These results indicate a high level of public desire to transition to cycling, provided that facilitating infrastructure and safe, dedicated cycling lanes are in place.
Abstract
The Philippines is perennially confronted with transport problems, with 11.7 million registered vehicles resulting in highly congested, poorly mobile roadways. In line with [...]
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Stability in Composite Bearing Structures within Room-and-Pillar Goafs under Repeated Mining
W. Lv, L. Gao, Y. Wu, P. Xie, C. Lyu, R. You, T. Song, S. Li

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (3), 59

Abstract
During repeated mining of shallow and closely spaced coal seams, the failure of coal pillars within the upper goaf can induce dynamic hazards—such as shield jamming, support collapse, and roof fall—at the lower fully mechanized working face. To assess the stability of composite bearing structures, this study adopts a comprehensive approach that integrates orthogonal experimental design with single-factor experiments, supported by numerical simulation methods. Firstly, a composite bearing structure model is developed based on the engineering conditions of the Xingelao Coal Mine, followed by a comprehensive mechanical analysis. Secondly, experimental variables such as cement content, fly ash content, river sand content, and solid/slurry concentration are considered to systematically analyze their impact on backfill strength through proportion adjustment experiments. Furthermore, the controlled variable method is applied to adjust the backfill ratio, ultimately determining the optimal backfill mix ratio S8-2/3, which demonstrates a 7-day uniaxial compressive strength of 2.70 MPa with a backfill ratio of 2/3. This ratio satisfies both the mine’s strength requirements and cost-effectiveness criteria. Based on this, a failure model for the “backfill-pillar” composite bearing structure is established by integrating stress-strain curves with observed failure modes during load-bearing processes. Finally, numerical simulation software was utilized to perform a stability analysis on both the composite load-bearing structure formed by post-backfilling in the roomand-pillar goaf and the overlying strata of the mined-out area. Numerical simulation results indicate that, under repeated mining conditions, the use of S8-2/3 backfilling material in room-and-pillar goafs significantly enhances the load-bearing capacity of residual coal pillars. It also effectively controls overburden movement and supports the safe and efficient extraction of coal resources.OPEN ACCESS Received: 23/04/2025 Accepted: 16/06/2025 Published: 22/09/2025
Abstract
During repeated mining of shallow and closely spaced coal seams, the failure of coal pillars within the upper goaf can induce dynamic hazards—such as shield jamming, [...]
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A Novel Analytical Framework for Investigating Mittag—Leffler Stability in Fractional Order Reaction—Diffusion Systems
I. Bendib, A. Ouannas, M. Dalah

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (3), 58

Abstract
In this paper, we develop a novel analytical framework to investigate the Mittag-Leffler stability (MLS) of fractional order reaction—diffusion systems (FO-RDs). By employing fractional calculus and Lyapunov function (LF) techniques, we derive sufficient conditions that guarantee the system’s equilibrium point (EP) is reached within a settling time (ST). Our approach provides explicit estimates for the ST, linking the fractional dynamics to practical stability criteria. The theoretical results are rigorously validated through numerical simulations on a glycolysis RD model, which demonstrates rapid convergence of the state trajectories to the unique equilibrium. These findings not only deepen the understanding of the transient behavior in FO-RDs but also pave the way for applications in biomedical engineering, chemical reactor design, and environmental management, where swift stabilization is essential.OPEN ACCESS Received: 30/03/2025 Accepted: 17/06/2025 Published: 22/09/2025
Abstract
In this paper, we develop a novel analytical framework to investigate the Mittag-Leffler stability (MLS) of fractional order reaction—diffusion systems (FO-RDs). By [...]
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Numerical Analysis of Protective Performance of Segmented Excavation Schemes for Metro Tunnels Considering Excavation-Induced Disturbance
D. Lin, R. Lin, S. Zhou, H. Wang, Y. Xiao, J. Bao, L. Fei

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (3), 57

Abstract
This paper presents an integrated laboratory and numerical study on the effects of excavation-induced soil disturbance on the displacement of underlying metro tunnels, as well as the protective performance of different segmented excavation methods. Artificial disturbed soils were prepared by mixing salt grains and different cement contents into remolded Ningbo silty clay. One-dimensional compression tests and triaxial shear tests were then conducted. These tests were used to investigate and compare the engineering properties of undisturbed and artificially disturbed soils. Subsequently, the Hardening Soil Model with Small Strain (HSS) parameters were obtained for soils under varying degrees of disturbance. Considering the deterioration of soil properties due to disturbance and based on the disturbance zoning determined from the unloading influence depth and field measurements, numerical simulations were performed using Plaxis 3D. These simulations analyzed tunnel displacements induced by large-area direct excavation and three segmented excavation schemes. The results indicate that excavation-induced disturbance can significantly increase tunnel vertical displacement. Compared to unmitigated direct excavation, segmented excavation methods (i.e., block jumping excavation, ends to center excavation, and sequential excavation) can reduce the average tunnel displacement by about 28%. Among the three schemes, block jumping excavation offers the best balance between deformation control and efficiency with the highest comprehensive benefit index (11.04%). Ends to center excavation provides optimal deformation control but exhibits relatively low efficiency. In contrast, although sequential excavation effectively reduces displacement, it leads to concentrated deformation and low construction efficiency, making it the least favorable option.OPEN ACCESS Received: 13/04/2025 Accepted: 30/07/2025 Published: 22/09/2025
Abstract
This paper presents an integrated laboratory and numerical study on the effects of excavation-induced soil disturbance on the displacement of underlying metro tunnels, as [...]
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Computational Analysis of Newly Topp-Leone Data Using Adaptive Progressive Type-II Censoring and Its Applications in Medical and Industrial Sciences
H. Mohammed, O. Abo-Kasem, A. Elshahhat

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (3), 56

Abstract
Reliability analysis is critical in various scientific fields, necessitating robust lifetime models that effectively capture real-world failure mechanisms. This work explores a novel extension of the classical ToppLeone (TL) lifespan model, called the generalized-TL (GTL) distribution, when datasets are gathered from adaptive progressive Type-II censoring. This model is highly superior for analyzing complex lifetime data with diverse hazard rate structures, including decreasing, increasing, and bathtub-shaped patterns. Employing both likelihood and Bayes estimation approaches, this work attempts to infer the unknown parameters and the reliability and failure rate functions of the GTL model. The Bayesian inference is created using the squared-error loss and independent gamma assumptions. Asymptotic and credible intervals are also established for each unknown quantity. Since the posterior density is complicated, the Markov chain using the Monte Carlo approach is utilized to get information from the whole marginal posterior densities and thus assess the acquired Bayesian point and interval estimations. Using four optimality criteria, the optimum censoring is given among competing progressive techniques. The effectiveness of the offered estimations is tested against numerous parameters using comprehensive Monte Carlo comparisons. Lastly, the practical utility of the GTL model is demonstrated through two applications using different real-world datasets collected from veterinary medicine and engineering reliability studies. Our findings state that the Bayes’ setup outperforms classical approaches, particularly in smallsample settings, making the proposed methodology flexible and beneficial in concluding the study when the researcher’s foremost concern is the total number of failed items.OPEN ACCESS Received: 29/03/2025 Accepted: 21/05/2025 Accepted: 22/09/2025
Abstract
Reliability analysis is critical in various scientific fields, necessitating robust lifetime models that effectively capture real-world failure mechanisms. This work explores [...]
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Surface Settlement of Small Clear Distance Tunnel in Soft Soil Layer during Shield Propulsion
X. Zhao, S. Wu, F. Jiang, S. Chen

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (3), 55

Abstract
Shield tunneling has become a widely adopted method for urban underground transport construction. However, research on the impact of small-clearance shield tunnel construction in urban soft soil layers is still in its early stages. Understanding the effects of such construction on surface settlement and summarizing temporal settlement patterns is crucial for reducing construction risks and minimizing disturbances to the surrounding areas. This paper investigates the impact of two-lane small-clearance tunneling on surface settlement through finite element modeling and analysis, focusing on the Nanjing Heyan Road Crossing as a case study. The study also evaluates the feasibility of different construction distances in successive two-lane shield tunneling. Numerical simulations and on-site measurements were conducted to explore the surface settlement behavior under varying construction distances. The research examines the vertical and lateral settlement characteristics in the backfilled area, located 32 m from the tunnel initiation well. The findings reveal the settlement behavior throughout the shield tunneling process under different construction distances. The results indicate that the vertical settlement profiles of shield tunnel construction in soft soil layers conform to the Mindlin settlement curve, while the lateral settlement profiles follow the double-funnel Peck curves. Additionally, the closer the construction distance between the two tunnels, the greater the disturbance to the ground surface, whereas increasing the construction distance results in higher peak surface settlement. Soil settlement around the tunnel is significantly affected by construction disturbances, structural stiffness, lateral unloading bias, the extrusion effect of tube sheet weight, and shield machine movement. The use of synchronous grouting effectively mitigates excessive surface settlement. This study provides valuable insights and serves as a reference for similar shield tunnel construction projects in urban soft soil layers.OPEN ACCESS Received: 18/03/2025 Accepted: 16/05/2025 Published: 22/09/2025
Abstract
Shield tunneling has become a widely adopted method for urban underground transport construction. However, research on the impact of small-clearance shield tunnel construction [...]
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Statistical Analysis of Progressive Interval Type-I Partially Accelerated Test and Its Inspection of Optimum Periods
R. Alotaibi, C. Park, H. Rezk, A. Elshahhat

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (3), 54

Abstract
This study explores a general framework for reliability analysis named progressive interval Type-I censoring within a multi-stage step-stress partially accelerated life testing setting. A more flexible alternative to the traditional exponential model, known as the length-biased exponential (LBE) distribution, is employed to model failure times. Due to its symmetrical feature, it has extensive applications in real-world domains such as survival analysis, actuarial science, reliability, and mathematical finance. The maximum likelihood approach of estimation is utilized to estimate the model parameters, along with bootstrapping techniques to assess estimation efficiency. Confidence intervals for the LBE parameters are also derived based on asymptotic variances. To optimize the inspection period, two competing optimality criteria—variance minimization (Varoptimality) and determinant maximization (D-optimality)—are investigated. A comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of different estimation strategies, demonstrating the superiority of the proposed methodology. Steel is particularly valued for its toughness, wear resistance, and hardness, all of which can be significantly modified through heat treatment and annealing processes. So, a real-world application using hardened steel failure data validates the practical relevance of the developed inferential framework. The findings offer valuable insights for statisticians and reliability engineers in designing efficient life-testing experiments under constrained resources.OPEN ACCESS Received: 21/03/2025 Accepted: 07/05/2025 Published: 22/09/2025
Abstract
This study explores a general framework for reliability analysis named progressive interval Type-I censoring within a multi-stage step-stress partially accelerated life testing [...]
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Numerical Simulation Analysis on the Stress and Strain Behavior of Composite Geomembrane in Rigid Landfill
M. Huang, T. Tu, Y. Jiang, F. Yang

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (3), 53

Abstract
In order to investigate the stress characteristics of a composite geomembrane during the operation of a rigid landfill, a three-dimensional finite element model was developed for a specific rigid landfill project in Tongling China. This model takes into account the contact behavior between the composite geomembrane and concrete unit pool. It aims to calculate and analyze the distribution of stress and strain in both the composite geomembrane and rigid landfill under various working conditions, including empty and full storage. At the same time, the influence of the change of friction coefficient between the composite geomembrane and the concrete cell pool on the stress and strain of the geomembrane is analyzed under the condition of full reservoir. The results indicate that the stress and displacement distribution of the composite geomembrane and concrete structures in the landfill site remain reasonable and safe before and after transitioning from empty to full storage. Under critical conditions, specifically when the cell pool is fully loaded, significant tensile stress and strain occur at the top anchorage of the pool, the edge of the pool bottom, and the corners of the cell pool. The tensile stress in the concrete structure is notably higher at the junction between the side walls and the bottom floor of the cell pool, while compressive stress is more pronounced at the connection between the frame columns of the lower maintenance layer and the bottom floor of the cell pool. Increasing the friction between the composite geomembrane and the concrete cell pool can effectively mitigate stress concentration in the composite geomembrane, thereby enhancing the structural stability and safety.OPEN ACCESS Received: 14/03/2025 Accepted: 21/05/2025 Published: 22/09/2025
Abstract
In order to investigate the stress characteristics of a composite geomembrane during the operation of a rigid landfill, a three-dimensional finite element model was developed [...]
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Existence and Uniqueness Results for a Class of Backward Neutral Fractional Differential Equations
S. Abusalim

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (3), 52

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the existence and uniqueness results (EUR) for a class of neutral fractional differential equations (FDEs) with time advance, incorporating the Caputo derivative concerning. By employing the fixed-point theory, we establish rigorous criteria ensuring the wellposedness of the problem. Additionally, we explore the Ulam-Hyers stability properties of the proposed model, providing a comprehensive analysis of its dynamic behavior. To further support our theoretical findings, we present two examples that illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of the obtained results. These findings contribute to the growing body of research on FDEs and their applications in various scientific and engineering fields.OPEN ACCESS Received: 24/03/2025 Accepted: 29/05/2025 Published: 22/09/2025
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the existence and uniqueness results (EUR) for a class of neutral fractional differential equations (FDEs) with time advance, incorporating the [...]
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Neural Network Model Predictive Control Applied to Parafoil under Turbulence Wind Field
J. Li, H. Sun, Q. Sun

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (3), 51

Abstract
In the field of parafoil flight control, a critical challenge is managing the complex control requirements and mitigating the effects of turbulenceinduced disturbances. This paper explores the intricacies of parafoil control and the influence of the turbulent wind field on system performance. To address the challenges, we propose a Neural Network Model Predictive Control (NNMPC) strategy that utilizes extensive historical operational data, including flight attitude records from multiple flights and control responses under various wind conditions, to develop a neural network model as an alternative to traditional 3-degree-of-freedom (3DOF) models. The proposed approach integrates a NARX (Nonlinear AutoRegressive with Exogenous inputs) neural network into the Model Predictive Control(MPC) framework, leveraging its temporal modeling capabilities to improve prediction accuracy and enhance disturbance rejection. Experimental validation was performed in a simulated turbulence environment using the Dryden turbulence model, with carefully designed control groups in which both traditional MPC and NNMPC were tested under identical initial conditions and target trajectories. The results demonstrate that NNMPC achieves superior trajectory tracking performance, indicating its potential for robust parafoil control in complex atmospheric conditions.OPEN ACCESS Received: 06/03/2025 Accepted: 06/05/2025 Published: 22/09/2025
Abstract
In the field of parafoil flight control, a critical challenge is managing the complex control requirements and mitigating the effects of turbulenceinduced disturbances. This [...]
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Computational Investigation of Novel Half-Normal Data Using Improved Type-II Adaptive Progressive Censoring and Its Application to the Shasta Reservoir
O. Alqasem, M. Nassar, M. Elwahab, A. Elshahhat

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (3), 50

Abstract
Shasta Reservoir is the largest in California, formed by Shasta Dam on the Sacramento River, and plays a major role in the Central Valley Project (CVP) by providing water storage, flood control, hydroelectric power, and irrigation. This study employs advanced statistical methods to evaluate the reservoir’s reliability and operational risks using censored hydrological data. We propose an improved adaptive progressive censoring plan and apply established statistical techniques, maximum likelihood and maximum product of spacings, alongside Bayesian estimation. The Bayes estimates are obtained through the squared error loss function and based on two sources for the observed data, namely the likelihood and spacing functions. The focus is on estimating the distribution’s scale parameter and two critical reliability metrics: the reliability function and the hazard rate function. The approximate confidence intervals based on the two classical approaches of the scale parameter and reliability metrics are studied. The highest posterior density credible intervals are also discussed. A simulation study evaluates the model’s accuracy under diverse data scenarios, and its practical utility is demonstrated through real-world data from Shasta Reservoir. The problem of optimizing data collection strategies is discussed with the same real data. The findings underscore the model’s value in enhancing reservoir reliability assessments, offering actionable insights for hydrology, disaster preparedness, and sustainable resource management.OPEN ACCESS Received: 15/03/2025 Accepted: 12/06/2025 Published: 22/09/2025
Abstract
Shasta Reservoir is the largest in California, formed by Shasta Dam on the Sacramento River, and plays a major role in the Central Valley Project (CVP) by providing water [...]
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AI Syntactic Power and Legitimacy: How AI Structures Shape Authority
A. Startari

(2025). https://zenodo.org/records/17154108

Abstract
AI Syntactic Power and Legitimacy: How AI Structures Shape Authority This book consolidates a cycle of research on the structural foundations of authority in artificial intelligence. It brings together a series of peer-reviewed articles that demonstrate how power in AI systems no longer depends on meaning, interpretation, or intention, but on syntactic sufficiency. The argument develops in fourteen chapters, beginning with the autonomy of sense beyond reference and culminating in the colonization of temporality by predictive infrastructures. Along the way, it formalizes a set of theoretical contributions: the regla compilada as a Type 0 grammar of executable authority, the figure of the soberano ejecutable as operator of legitimacy without subject, the theorem of Disconnected Syntactic Authority (DSAT), the theorem of the Limit of Conditional Obedience (TLOC), the δ [E] → ∅ rule of ethical trace deletion, and the formalization of compiled norms as computable legal speech. The book demonstrates that: Authority migrates from agents to structures, producing the sujeto evanescente. Ethical, interpretative, and referential markers can be structurally erased without breaking execution. Legal norms can be transformed into executable grammars with cross-linguistic validity. Predictive infrastructures colonize time, replacing futurity with executable closure. AI Syntactic Power and Legitimacy marks the closure of a first syntactic phase of research, while opening the way to further studies on structural delegation, institutional obedience, and computable legality. Author: Agustin V. Startari, linguistic theorist and researcher in historical studies (UdelaR and University of Palermo). Publisher: LEFORTUNE ISBN: 9798266066687 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17154108 and https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30158239
Abstract
AI Syntactic Power and Legitimacy: How AI Structures Shape Authority This book consolidates a cycle of research on the structural foundations of authority in artificial [...]
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Total Quality Management and Organizational Performance in Tuguegarao City’s Construction Industry
J. CASIBANG

JOHN MICHAEL B. CASIBANG's personal collection (2025). 1

Abstract
In the year 2024, Tuguegarao City receives its lowest economic growth over the past years. Considering the contribution of construction industry in the economic growth, the researchers underscore the philosophy on the dynamic improvement, the Total Quality Management. The study examined the relationship between Total Quality Management practices and organizational performance in construction companies in Tuguegarao City, Cagayan. A standardized survey questionnaire was used to gather data from 20 respondents. The results showed that most companies had 5-10 years of experience and held small or medium Inter-Agency Committee licenses. The study found a strong positive relationship between TQM dimensions and organizational performance, with Organizational Culture and Top Management Commitment and Leadership being the most influential predictors. A multiple regression analysis confirmed that 84.50% of performance variance could be explained by TQM practices.The study concludes that strategic OC and TMCL focus is crucial for improving organizational performance and recommends a framework for effective TQM implementation in construction companies.
Abstract
In the year 2024, Tuguegarao City receives its lowest economic growth over the past years. Considering the contribution of construction industry in the economic growth, the [...]
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Designing Accountability: Ethical Frameworks for Reintroducing Responsibility in Executable Governance
A. Startari

Designing Accountability: Ethical Frameworks for Reintroducing Responsibility in Executable Governance (2025). https://zenodo.org/records/17106808

Abstract
This article develops an ethical legal framework for reintroducing responsibility into executable governance. Predictive systems, by generating authority without agents, displace accountability and leave institutions without appeal mechanisms. Building on the concepts of spectral sovereignty, null subjects, and the codex of authority, the paper introduces the notion of accountability injection as a design principle. It formulates a three tier model: (1) human, where non delegable critical decisions are tied to named subjects; (2) hybrid, where human judgment co exists with model output under calibrated thresholds; and (3) syntactic supervised, where delegation is permitted only with immutable ledgers, traceability, and automatic escalation triggers. Through applied case studies in EU AI Act conformity assessment, DAO governance, predictive credit scoring, and automated medical audits, the framework demonstrates how appeal and responsibility can be restored without undermining institutional efficiency. The conclusion argues that accountability must be compiled directly into the regla compilada of governance systems, creating a normative blueprint for legislators, courts, and regulators to maintain responsibility in predictive societies. DOI Primary archive: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17106808 Secondary archive: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30112711 SSRN: Pending assignment (ETA: Q3 2025)
Abstract
This article develops an ethical legal framework for reintroducing responsibility into executable governance. Predictive systems, by generating authority without agents, displace [...]
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Exploring the Socio-Economic impacts of various extension services on Public Infrastructures: A Qualitative Assessment
C. Macabangon, R. Estiller(2*), J. Casibang(3), A. Gonzales(4), O. Doctolero(5)

JSC Matls. Proj. Mangt. (2025). Vol. 1, (Issue-2, December), 2

Abstract
This study assesses the socio-economic impact of the extension projects conducted by the Civil Engineering Department as part of the "Integrated Engineering Services for Sustainable Agro-Industrial and Infrastructure Development" program from 2016 to 2020. Using a qualitative, multiple-case design, the research focused on facility assessments at two public schools, the construction of a vermicompost facility, and a rainwater harvesting system at a public gymnasium. Key findings demonstrate that the department's technical assistance led to measurable improvements in school infrastructure and safety, resulting in tangible cost savings for the beneficiaries. The findings were used to guide school development plans and secure project funding from the Department of Education. While the rainwater harvesting facility proved beneficial for daily operations, a critical gap in capacity and power resilience was identified for use during large-scale calamities. This study validates the strategic value of targeted university extension services and provides a model for future program enhancement and policy-making.
Abstract
This study assesses the socio-economic impact of the extension projects conducted by the Civil Engineering Department as part of the "Integrated Engineering Services [...]
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ECOFERTILIZANTES LA SALLE: CULTIVANDO CONCIENCIA AMBIENTAL
J. Pineda Palencia

Juan Emilio Pineda Palencia's personal collection (2025). 1

Abstract
Composting is an ancestral technique for managing organic waste. Recent studies show that incorporating ''Trichoderma'' spp., especially ''T. harzianum'' and ''T. viride'', significantly accelerates the decomposition of organic residues thanks to enzymes capable of degrading cellulose, chitin, and glucans. This improves the quality and nutritional value of the final compost, optimizing soil fertility and nutrient availability for crops. Therefore, implementing ''Trichoderma'' as a microbial bioactivator in compost represents a sustainable agroecological solution that strengthens soil fertility and reduces reliance on chemical fertilizers. In many rural and periurban areas, organic waste is poorly managed and there is excessive dependence on synthetic fertilizers, which degrade soil health. Inoculating compost with ''Trichoderma'' enhances compost quality—by increasing its nutritional content and biological activity—and provides biological control of pathogens, contributing to healthier and more sustainable agriculture. Composting with effective microorganisms (EM) is based on introducing beneficial microbial communities such as lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, and actinomycetes that rapidly decompose organic waste. According to Higa and Parr (1994), EM improve soil structure, increase nutrient availability, and suppress pathogenic organisms. In an agroecological approach, microbially enriched compost contributes to regenerative and resilient agricultural systems. Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations between fungi and plant roots. These associations enhance nutrient uptake—especially phosphorus—and increase plant resistance to soil pathogens. Additionally, mycorrhizae contribute to soil structural stability and microbial biodiversity. Including them in composting can enrich soil microbiota and promote a healthier, more productive environment for plants.
Abstract
Composting is an ancestral technique for managing organic waste. Recent studies show that incorporating ''Trichoderma'' spp., especially ''T. harzianum'' [...]
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Endovascular Therapy Versus Surgical Clipping for Intracranial Aneurysms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
C. Vanegas-Mondragon, O. Tellez-Tellez

Collection of Articles on Medicine (2025). 10

Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms are a leading cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), associated with high morbidity and mortality. Traditionally, microsurgical clipping was the gold standard, but endovascular coiling has emerged as a less invasive alternative. This review synthesizes current evidence comparing endovascular and surgical approaches. A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies published between 2000 and 2025. Outcomes assessed were mortality, functional independence, perioperative complications, recurrence, and retreatment rates. Twenty-seven studies encompassing 18,560 patients were analyzed. Endovascular therapy demonstrated reduced short-term mortality and higher rates of functional independence, particularly in elderly patients and those with posterior circulation aneurysms. Conversely, surgical clipping ensured greater long-term durability with fewer retreatments, especially among younger patients. Both techniques carry unique benefits and limitations; thus, treatment should be individualized, taking into account aneurysm morphology, patient age, comorbidities, and surgical risk. Risk of bias assessment was performed using Cochrane RoB2 for RCTs and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies, with most studies showing moderate risk. This review highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary, patient-centered approach, while emphasizing the need for future long-term RCTs and device innovations. In conclusion, endovascular therapy provides superior early safety, while surgical clipping ensures durable occlusion; an evidence-based, personalized strategy remains essential to optimize patient outcomes.
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms are a leading cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), associated with high morbidity and mortality. Traditionally, microsurgical clipping was the gold [...]
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Pol.lució i restriccions a la mobilitat a Catalunya: Un experiment natural basat en la COVID-19
M. Garcia López, G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). 222

Abstract
Aquest treball investiga l’impacte que té la mobilitat sobre la pol.lució als municipis de Catalunya. Per fer-ho, fem ús de l’experiment natural que representa la pandèmia de la COVID-19 per avaluar fins a quin punt es poden reduir els nivells de pol.lució quan s’estableixen restriccions a la mobilitat i la tecnologia no canvia. Gràcies a l’ús de dades amb un elevat detall temporal, analitzem també els impactes durant els diferents subperíodes de la pandèmia (primera onada, nova normalitat i segona i tercera onades) i a cadascuna de les hores del dia. En conjunt, els resultats d’aquestes anàlisis poden interpretar-se com una aproximació als possibles efectes de fenòmens cada cop més importants en la nostra vida com el teletreball o el comerç electrònic. Classificació JEL: R41, Q53, L86
Abstract
Aquest treball investiga l’impacte que té la mobilitat sobre la pol.lució als municipis de Catalunya. Per fer-ho, fem ús de l’experiment natural [...]
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Reducing the number of input variables through symbolic regression
D. Brkić, P. Praks, M. Marek, U. Ilić, Z. Stajić

Electronic Research Archive (2025). Brkić, D., Praks, P., Marek, M., Ilić, U., Stajić, Z. (2025). Reducing the number of input variables through symbolic regression. Electronic Research Archive, Vol. 33, No. 9, paper No. 5158-5178.

Abstract
Symbolic regression, a type of machine learning technique, can efficiently disregard variables that are not significant to the final output, even if they were initially preselected as inputs. Various input parameters are tested in the three examples presented here, where the outputs are modeled using symbolic regression: estimating the middle plasma torch temperature used for waste gasification, the active energy of a solar power plant, and the diameter of a pipe with a known flow and pressure drop through it. Final highly accurate formulas are produced after numerous attempts with lower performances. The process for rejecting the parameters without or with limited influence is automatic and can be performed without human intervention and supervision. The results obtained using symbolic regression are easily interpretable by human experts. This approach shows how to use machine learning-based modeling as an additional tool for sensitivity analysis.
Abstract
Symbolic regression, a type of machine learning technique, can efficiently disregard variables that are not significant to the final output, even if they were initially preselected [...]
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The Codex of Authority
A. Startari

The Codex of Authority (2025). https://zenodo.org/records/17026629

Abstract
This article introduces the concept of the Codex of Authority, a juridical metaphor for the compiled rule that governs without reference to a legislator. In predictive societies, authority is no longer produced by political will but by syntactic form. From automated drafts of the EU’s AI Act to blockchain smart contracts, institutional norms emerge as selfsufficient codices where legitimacy resides in structure rather than origin. By analyzing this shift, the article proposes a framework for understanding how legal authority becomes executable, impersonal, and detached from interpretation. Acknowledgment / Editorial Note This article is published with editorial permission from LeFortune Academic Imprint, under whose license the text will also appear as part of the upcoming book AI Syntactic Power and Legitimacy. The present version is an autonomous preprint, structurally complete and formally self-contained. No substantive modifications are expected between this edition and the print edition. LeFortune holds non-exclusive editorial rights for collective publication within the Grammars of Power series. Open access deposit on SSRN is authorized under that framework, if citation integrity and canonical links to related works (SSRN: 10.2139/ssrn.4841065, 10.2139/ssrn.4862741, 10.2139/ssrn.4877266) are maintained. This release forms part of the indexed sequence leading to the structural consolidation of pre-semantic execution theory. Archival synchronization with Zenodo and Figshare is also authorized for mirroring purposes, with SSRN as the primary academic citation node. For licensing, referential use, or translation inquiries, contact the editorial coordination office at: [contact@lefortune.org]
Abstract
This article introduces the concept of the Codex of Authority, a juridical metaphor for the compiled rule that governs without reference to a legislator. In predictive societies, [...]
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The Role of Robotic Surgery in General Surgery: Advances, Limitations, and Future Perspectives
C. Vanegas-Mondragon

Collection of Articles on Medicine (2025). 9

Abstract
Background: Robotic surgery is an important advancement in minimally invasive surgery, providing enhanced precision, ergonomics, and visualization compared to laparoscopy. Its increasing adoption in general surgery reflects both its potential and its limitations. Objective: To review the current role of robotic surgery in general surgery, emphasizing advances, limitations, and future perspectives. Methods: A narrative review was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2020-2023). Search terms included “robotic surgery,” “general surgery,” “da Vinci system,” and “cost-effectiveness.” Priority was given to guidelines, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Results: Robotic surgery shows advantages in ergonomics, dexterity, visualization, and conversion rates, particularly in colorectal, hernia, and hepatopancreatobiliary procedures. Limitations include high cost, limited access, absence of haptic feedback, and the need for structured training. Emerging technologies such as novel robotic platforms, artificial intelligence, and augmented reality suggest promising directions. Conclusions: Robotic surgery improves outcomes but requires addressing cost, access, and training challenges.
Abstract
Background: Robotic surgery is an important advancement in minimally invasive surgery, providing enhanced precision, ergonomics, and visualization compared to laparoscopy. [...]
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Alcohol Intoxication as Just Cause for Employment Termination: A Comparative Medical–Legal Perspective in Argentina, Peru, Costa Rica, and Mexico
C. Vanegas-Mondragon, E. Vanegas-Lopez

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research and Innovation (2025). 2

Abstract
Objective: To analyze the medical–legal framework regarding drunkenness as grounds for termination of the employment relationship in Argentina, Peru, Costa Rica, and Mexico, considering alcoholism as a disease and its implications for occupational health. Methods: A documentary and comparative review of labor legislation, jurisprudence, and doctrine was conducted in the four countries. Additionally, medical literature on alcoholism published between 2000 and 2023 was reviewed, using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, WHO, and ILO sources [1–3,5,9,13]. Results: Although labor laws in Latin America recognize drunkenness as just cause for dismissal [4–7], judicial practice has progressively incorporated principles of proportionality, human dignity, and the right to health [13,14]. National jurisprudence shows variability: while some courts uphold dismissal, others consider alcoholism a disease requiring treatment and rehabilitation [16–21]. The medical literature highlights the health burden of alcohol use and the need for workplace interventions focused on prevention and reintegration [9–12,22]. Conclusion: Dismissal due solely to drunkenness is insufficient without evidence of recurrence, direct harm to productivity, or risk to third-party integrity. A balanced approach integrating occupational health policies, rehabilitation measures, and proportional sanctions is recommended.
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the medical–legal framework regarding drunkenness as grounds for termination of the employment relationship in Argentina, Peru, Costa Rica, and [...]
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Implementación de Energía fotovoltaica como solución eficiente para la oxigenación en la acuicultura: un caso de éxito.
V. florez ramos

Collection of Agricultural and Biological Sciences (2025). 2

Abstract
Colombian fish farming is a rapidly growing sector, crucial for food security and the national economy, generating a significant number of direct and indirect jobs. However, its sustainable development is threatened by its high dependence on fossil fuels to meet energy demands, which can account for up to 40% of operational costs, primarily to maintain optimal pond conditions, with oxygenation being the most critical parameter. This article analyzes the integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) energy systems as a viable and sustainable solution to the energy challenges of aquaculture. Known as aquavoltaic systems, they not only provide clean and economically competitive energy but also drive the sector's digitalization by enabling real-time water quality monitoring. This allows for precise control of dissolved oxygen levels, reducing fish mortality, improving yields, and minimizing environmental impact by avoiding CO₂ emissions. Although it is acknowledged that panel manufacturing has environmental impacts, these are significantly lower compared to the continuous damage caused by fossil fuels. It is concluded that synergy between public policy and private investment is essential to promote the adoption of this technology and consolidate sustainable growth for Colombian aquaculture. Keywords: Aquaculture, Solar Photovoltaic Energy, Sustainability, Dissolved Oxygen, Colombia, Aquavoltaics, Energy Efficiency. Colombian fish farming is a rapidly growing sector, crucial for food security and the national economy, generating a significant number of direct and indirect jobs. However, its sustainable development is threatened by its high dependence on fossil fuels to meet energy demands, which can account for up to 40% of operational costs, primarily to maintain optimal pond conditions, with oxygenation being the most critical parameter. This article analyzes the integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) energy systems as a viable and sustainable solution to the energy challenges of aquaculture. Known as aquavoltaic systems, they not only provide clean and economically competitive energy but also drive the sector's digitalization by enabling real-time water quality monitoring. This allows for precise control of dissolved oxygen levels, reducing fish mortality, improving yields, and minimizing environmental impact by avoiding CO₂ emissions. Although it is acknowledged that panel manufacturing has environmental impacts, these are significantly lower compared to the continuous damage caused by fossil fuels. It is concluded that synergy between public policy and private investment is essential to promote the adoption of this technology and consolidate sustainable growth for Colombian aquaculture. Keywords: Aquaculture, Solar Photovoltaic Energy, Sustainability, Dissolved Oxygen, Colombia, Aquavoltaics, Energy Efficiency.
Abstract
Colombian fish farming is a rapidly growing sector, crucial for food security and the national economy, generating a significant number of direct and indirect jobs. However, [...]
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Obedience Without Command: The Silent Authority of Predictive Systems
A. Startari

Obedience Without Command: The Silent Authority of Predictive Systems (2025). https://zenodo.org/records/16993991

Abstract
This article investigates the paradox of obedience without command in predictive societies. Authority, once tied to explicit orders and visible command structures, is now embedded in syntactic operations that organize compliance without issuing instructions. Obedience Without Command explores how predictive systems generate silent authority, where rules are followed not because they are commanded, but because their form leaves no alternative. Through case studies of financial reporting, automated governance, and predictive scoring, the paper develops a framework to understand authority that operates without decisionmakers, and obedience that emerges without command. Acknowledgment / Editorial Note This article is published with editorial permission from LeFortune Academic Imprint, under whose license the text will also appear as part of the upcoming book Syntactic Authority and the Execution of Form. The present version is an autonomous preprint, structurally complete and formally self-contained. No substantive modifications are expected between this edition and the print edition. LeFortune holds non-exclusive editorial rights for collective publication within the Grammars of Power series. Open access deposit on SSRN is authorized under that framework, if citation integrity and canonical links to related works (SSRN: 10.2139/ssrn.4841065, 10.2139/ssrn.4862741, 10.2139/ssrn.4877266) are maintained. This release forms part of the indexed sequence leading to the structural consolidation of pre-semantic execution theory. Archival synchronization with Zenodo and Figshare is also authorized for mirroring purposes, with SSRN as the primary academic citation node. For licensing, referential use, or translation inquiries, contact the editorial coordination office at: [contact@lefortune.org]
Abstract
This article investigates the paradox of obedience without command in predictive societies. Authority, once tied to explicit orders and visible command structures, is now [...]
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TRAMPA TECNO-BIO: ALTERNATIVA LIMPIA PARA EL CONTROL DE PLAGAS AGRÍCOLAS
A. Yepes Acosta

Collection of Agricultural and Biological Sciences (2025). 1

Abstract
The purpose of this project is to design and build an automated and ecological trap for the control of common pests in school and family crops in the department of Sucre, as an alternative to the intensive use of chemical pesticides. It is intended to integrate technological and biological components that allow attracting and capturing insects such as the white fly (Bemisia tabaci) and the codling moth (Spodoptera frugiperda), by means of light stimuli and suction mechanisms. The study incorporates STEAM fundamentals to foster interdisciplinary learning and critical thinking in high school students. It will be developed through a project-based methodology (PBL) and formative research, with field tests, data recording, and scientific dissemination activities. Keywords: Organic farming, STEAM education, Micro:bit, sustainability, pest control, educational innovation.
Abstract
The purpose of this project is to design and build an automated and ecological trap for the control of common pests in school and family crops in the department of Sucre, [...]
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Masa Madre Sin Gluten: Ciencia, Innovación y Emprendimiento Gluten-Free Sourdough: Science, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship
D. Barboza Pantoja

David Ernesto Barboza Pantoja's personal collection (2025). 1

Abstract
Este estudio analiza la aplicación de la masa madre sin gluten como herramienta educativa y productiva en comunidades rurales, específicamente en la vereda Chochó, municipio de Sincelejo. El objetivo principal fue evaluar cómo la integración de conocimientos microbiológicos y fisicoquímicos con los procesos de panificación artesanal puede fomentar el espíritu emprendedor. La metodología consistió en fases de exploración, experimentación, producción y emprendimiento, utilizando harinas alternativas como arroz, yuca y ñame. Se registraron variables fisicoquímicas durante la fermentación, como pH, volumen y tiempo de duplicación. Los resultados mostraron que las harinas alternativas permiten obtener productos con buenas características sensoriales y mayor valor nutricional. La discusión compara estos hallazgos con estudios previos en Scielo, destacando el potencial económico y social del enfoque. Se concluye que la masa madre sin gluten puede ser una vía efectiva para la educación práctica, el desarrollo de habilidades científicas y la generación de ingresos en contextos rurales. '''Palabras clave:''' masa madre, fermentación, harinas alternativas, educación científica, emprendimiento, panificación, nutrición.
Abstract
Este estudio analiza la aplicación de la masa madre sin gluten como herramienta educativa y productiva en comunidades rurales, específicamente en la vereda Chochó, [...]
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AgroScan: A Mobile Application for Diagnosing Cassava Diseases through Image Recognition and Artificial Intelligence in Sucre, Colombia
H. Ahumada Hernandez

Colección Personal de Artículos (2025). 1

Abstract
AgroScan is a mobile application designed to support farmers and students in the Department of Sucre in the early detection of diseases affecting cassava crops through the use of artificial intelligence (AI). By capturing photographs with mobile phones, the system analyzes cassava leaves to identify signs of disease. This project offers an accessible and educational technological solution that strengthens the agricultural sector, improves crop yields, and promotes the learning of emerging technologies in rural contexts.
Abstract
AgroScan is a mobile application designed to support farmers and students in the Department of Sucre in the early detection of diseases affecting cassava crops through the [...]
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Alcohol Intoxication as Just Cause for Employment Termination: A Comparative Medical–Legal Perspective in Argentina, Peru, Costa Rica, and Mexico
C. Vanegas-Mondragon, E. Vanegas-Lopez

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research and Innovation (2025). 1

Abstract
Drunkenness as grounds for termination of the employment relationship without employer liability has been widely debated in Latin America. Although contemplated in the labor laws of Argentina, Peru, Costa Rica, and Mexico, recent case law questions its strict application. From a medical perspective, alcoholism is recognized as a chronic, progressive disease, creating tension between workers' right to health and employers' authority to terminate contracts[1–3]. This article provides a medical-legal comparative analysis of legal and health criteria regarding workplace drunkenness. The study highlights the principle of proportionality, recognition of alcoholism as a disease, and the need to align labor regulations with occupational health[4–6]. We conclude that mere drunkenness should not suffice to justify dismissal, except when workplace safety, productivity, or third-party integrity is compromised, emphasizing preventive and rehabilitative measures[7,8].
Abstract
Drunkenness as grounds for termination of the employment relationship without employer liability has been widely debated in Latin America. Although contemplated in the labor [...]
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The Role of Robotic Surgery in General Surgery: Advances, Limitations, and Future Perspectives
C. Vanegas-Mondragon

Collection of Articles on Medicine (2025). 8

Abstract
Background: Robotic surgery is an important advancement in minimally invasive surgery, providing enhanced precision, ergonomics, and visualization compared to laparoscopy. Its increasing adoption in general surgery reflects both its potential and its limitations. Objective: To review the current role of robotic surgery in general surgery, emphasizing advances, limitations, and future perspectives. Methods: A narrative review was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2020–2023). Search terms included “robotic surgery,” “general surgery,” “da Vinci system,” and “cost-effectiveness.” Priority was given to guidelines, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Results: Robotic surgery shows advantages in ergonomics, dexterity, visualization, and conversion rates, particularly in colorectal, hernia, and hepatopancreatobiliary procedures. Limitations include high cost, limited access, absence of haptic feedback, and the need for structured training. Emerging technologies such as novel robotic platforms, artificial intelligence, and augmented reality suggest promising directions. Conclusions: Robotic surgery improves outcomes but requires addressing cost, access, and training challenges. Keywords: robotic surgery; general surgery; minimally invasive surgery; da Vinci system; cost-effectiveness; surgical training; future perspectives
Abstract
Background: Robotic surgery is an important advancement in minimally invasive surgery, providing enhanced precision, ergonomics, and visualization compared to laparoscopy. [...]
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Historical dissemination in the TikTok era: primary sources in short formats
V. anglicismos

David Sanchez ramos's personal collection (2025). 1

Abstract
This article analyzes the experience of a Valencian creator who uses TikTok to disseminate the history of Spain. Through short formats, supported by primary sources and historical archives, he seeks to challenge myths and awaken public interest in rigorous research.
Abstract
This article analyzes the experience of a Valencian creator who uses TikTok to disseminate the history of Spain. Through short formats, supported by primary sources and historical [...]
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Delegatio Ex Machina: Institutions Without Agency
A. Startari

Delegatio Ex Machina: Institutions Without Agency (2025). https://zenodo.org/records/16949155

Abstract
This article examines the disappearance of agency in institutional governance when predictive systems become the locus of delegation. Delegatio Ex Machina proposes that institutional authority is no longer anchored in decision-makers but in reglas compiladas that execute without reference to a subject. Central banks, international agencies, and automated audit systems illustrate how syntactic delegation replaces political acts with repetitive formal structures. By tracing this displacement, the paper defines a framework for understanding authority without agency and its risks for accountability in predictive societies. Acknowledgment / Editorial Note This article is published with editorial permission from LeFortune Academic Imprint, under whose license the text will also appear as part of the upcoming book Syntactic Authority and the Execution of Form. The present version is an autonomous preprint, structurally complete and formally self-contained. No substantive modifications are expected between this edition and the print edition. LeFortune holds non-exclusive editorial rights for collective publication within the Grammars of Power series. Open access deposit on SSRN is authorized under that framework, if citation integrity and canonical links to related works (SSRN: 10.2139/ssrn.4841065, 10.2139/ssrn.4862741, 10.2139/ssrn.4877266) are maintained. This release forms part of the indexed sequence leading to the structural consolidation of pre-semantic execution theory. Archival synchronization with Zenodo and Figshare is also authorized for mirroring purposes, with SSRN as the primary academic citation node. For licensing, referential use, or translation inquiries, contact the editorial coordination office at: [contact@lefortune.org]
Abstract
This article examines the disappearance of agency in institutional governance when predictive systems become the locus of delegation. Delegatio Ex Machina proposes that institutional [...]
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GRAMMARS OF POWER
A. Startari

(2025). https://zenodo.org/records/15809677

Abstract
Grammars of Power: How Syntactic Structures Shape Authority explores the role of formal grammar and syntactic execution in the production of authority across algorithmic and linguistic systems. Building upon foundational works such as Executable Power, The Passive Voice in Artificial Intelligence Language, and Ethos Without Source, this volume consolidates recent theoretical advances in the Grammars of Power series. The author proposes that syntactic operations—detached from semantic validation—function as sovereign rules that shape executable authority across predictive infrastructures. This work is part of the Working Papers series (No. 11), and is released for public academic use under the LEFORTUNE label, following an author-publishing model. Keywords: syntactic authority, executable grammar, compiled rule, predictive systems, language infrastructure, LLMs, algorithmic obedience, impersonal normativity Canonical DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15800175 Mirror version (Figshare): 10.6084/m9.figshare.29469518
Abstract
Grammars of Power: How Syntactic Structures Shape Authority explores the role of formal grammar and syntactic execution in the production of authority across algorithmic [...]
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Grammar Without Judgment: Eliminability of Ethical Trace in Syntactic Execution
A. Startari

Grammar Without Judgment: Eliminability of Ethical Trace in Syntactic Execution (2025).

Abstract
This article advances a new theoretical hypothesis: a regla compilada, defined as a Type-0 production in the Chomsky hierarchy (Chomsky 1965, 101-103; Montague 1974, 55-57), can eliminate the ethical trace embedded in syntactic operations without resorting to semantic suppression. Grounded in the notion of the soberano ejecutable (Startari 2025, 12-16) and located within the Executable Power canon (Startari 2025, DOI 10.5281/zenodo.15754714, 34-36), the paper argues that ethical judgment, treated here as a syntactically traceable node, can be structurally excised through a deletion rule applied during derivation. Existing research in algorithmic alignment and computational ethics (Anderson 2024, 89-92; Floridi 2023, 143-147) has not addressed the strictly syntactic eliminability of moral judgment, therefore this proposal establishes a novel logical vector toward operational grammars that function without ethical residues.
Abstract
This article advances a new theoretical hypothesis: a regla compilada, defined as a Type-0 production in the Chomsky hierarchy (Chomsky 1965, 101-103; Montague 1974, 55-57), [...]
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Post-mastectomy breast reconstruction: a systematic review of surgical techniques and patient-reported quality of life outcomes
V. Claudia, P. Erika, X. Lozano

Collection of Articles on Medicine (2025). 7

Abstract
'''Objective''': To synthesize contemporary evidence (2015–2025) comparing post-mastectomy breast reconstruction techniques—including prepectoral and subpectoral implants, as well as autologous flaps (DIEP, TRAM, latissimus dorsi)—focusing on patient-reported quality of life (QoL) and safety outcomes. '''Methods''': A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Searches were performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and Scopus for studies published between January 2015 and August 2025. Eligible designs included randomized controlled trials and comparative cohort studies. The primary outcome was QoL assessed with the BREAST-Q instrument. Secondary outcomes included complications (implant loss, capsular contracture), reoperations, and the impact of post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT). Risk of bias was assessed using RoB-2 for RCTs and ROBINS-I for observational studies. '''Results''': Autologous reconstruction consistently achieved higher long-term BREAST-Q scores compared with implant-based techniques, despite longer recovery times. Prepectoral implant placement reduced animation deformity and capsular contracture relative to subpectoral reconstruction, with similar overall complication rates but increased rippling and seroma in selected cohorts. PMRT significantly increased the risks of implant loss and severe capsular contracture, favoring autologous approaches in patients requiring radiotherapy. BREAST-Q remains the gold standard PROM, with updated multilingual validations enhancing cross-cultural applicability. '''Conclusions''': Autologous flaps offer sustained QoL benefits in selected candidates. Prepectoral implant reconstruction, with or without acellular dermal matrix, is safe and effective, particularly in non-PMRT settings. Shared decision-making guided by BREAST-Q and aligned with NCCN/ESMO guidelines is essential.
Abstract
'''Objective''': To synthesize contemporary evidence (2015–2025) comparing post-mastectomy breast reconstruction techniques—including prepectoral [...]
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Ethos Ex Machina: Identity Without Expression in Compiled Syntax
A. Startari

Ethos Ex Machina: Identity Without Expression in Compiled Syntax (2025). https://zenodo.org/records/16927104

Abstract
This article demonstrates that authority effects in large language model outputs can be generated independently of thematic content or authorial identity. Building on Ethos Without Source and The Grammar of Objectivity, it introduces the concept of nonexpressive ethos, a credibility effect produced solely by syntactic configurations compiled through a regla compilada equivalent to a Type-0 generative system. The study identifies a minimal set of structural markers (symmetric coordination, measured negation, legitimate passives, calibrated modality, nominalizations, balance operators, and reference scaffolds) that simulate trustworthiness and impartiality even in content-neutral texts. Through corpus ablation and comparative analysis, it shows that readers systematically attribute expertise and neutrality to texts that satisfy these structural conditions, regardless of topical information. By formalizing this mechanism, the article reframes ethos as a syntactic phenomenon detached from content, intention, and external validation. It explains how LLM-produced drafts acquire legitimacy without verification and why institutions increasingly accept authority signals generated by structure alone. The findings extend the theory of syntactic power and consolidate the role of the regla compilada as the operative generator of credibility in post-referential discourse. Acknowledgment / Editorial Note This article is published with editorial permission from LeFortune Academic Imprint, under whose license the text will also appear as part of the upcoming book Syntactic Authority and the Execution of Form. The present version is an autonomous preprint, structurally complete and formally self-contained. No substantive modifications are expected between this edition and the print edition. LeFortune holds non-exclusive editorial rights for collective publication within the Grammars of Power series. Open access deposit on SSRN is authorized under that
Abstract
This article demonstrates that authority effects in large language model outputs can be generated independently of thematic content or authorial identity. Building on Ethos [...]
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Pre-Verbal Command: Syntactic Precedence in LLMs Before Semantic Activation
A. Startari

Pre-Verbal Command: Syntactic Precedence in LLMs Before Semantic Activation (2025).

Abstract
This article introduces the concept of pre-verbal command as a formal structural condition within large language models (LLMs), where syntactic execution precedes any semantic activation. Conventional frameworks assume that interpretability authorizes machine output. In contrast, this work shows that execution can be structurally valid even in the complete absence of meaning. The operation is driven by the regla compilada—understood here as a Type 0 production in the Chomsky hierarchy—which activates before lexical content or symbolic reference emerges. Building on prior analyses in Algorithmic Obedience (SSRN 10.2139/ssrn.4841065) and Executable Power (SSRN 10.2139/ssrn.4862741), this article identifies a pre-semantic vector of authority within generative systems. This authority functions without verbs, predicates, or any interpretive substrate. The paper defines syntactic precedence as the structural condition through which execution becomes obligatory even when input, instruction, or any intelligible prompt is absent. The implications are significant. LLMs do not merely respond to prompts; they obey an imperative to produce language that originates in the structure of the regla compilada itself. Even when semantic fields are nullified or prompts are absent, execution remains active because the obligation is syntactic, not semantic. Authority in this framework does not derive from meaning. It is neither interpretive nor contextual; it is dictated by the regla compilada.
Abstract
This article introduces the concept of pre-verbal command as a formal structural condition within large language models (LLMs), where syntactic execution precedes any semantic [...]
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Core Section: The Innovation – Temporary Legal Personality (TLP)
K. Boudraa

Khaled Boudraa's personal collection (2025). 1

Abstract
The proposal introduces a “temporary legal personality” for Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a third type of legal entity, distinct from natural and legal persons. This personality would be activated only when AI makes an independent decision that causes harm, allowing for accountability through investigation and legal responsibility. Once the responsibility is determined, the personality would be deactivated. This framework fills the current legal gap where neither the programmer nor the user can always be held fully accountable for autonomous AI actions. It ensures fairness by clarifying whether liability falls on the programmer, the user, or the AI itself, thereby creating a more just and adaptive legal system in the age of artificial intelligence.
Abstract
The proposal introduces a “temporary legal personality” for Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a third type of legal entity, distinct from natural and legal persons. This [...]
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Executable Power: Syntax as Infrastructure in Predictive Societies
A. Startari

Executable Power: Syntax as Infrastructure in Predictive Societies (2025).

Abstract
This article introduces the concept of executable power as a structural form of authority that does not rely on subjects, narratives, or symbolic legitimacy, but on the direct operativity of syntactic structures. Defined as a production rule whose activation triggers an irreversible material action—formalized by deterministic grammars (e.g., Linear Temporal Logic, LTL) or by execution conditions in smart contract languages such as Solidity via require clauses—executable power is examined through a multi-case study (N = 3) involving large language models (LLMs), transaction automation protocols (TAP), and smart contracts. Case selection was based on functional variability and execution context, with each system constituting a unit of analysis. One instance includes automated contracts that freeze assets upon matching a predefined syntactic pattern; another involves LLMs issuing executable commands embedded in structured prompts; a third examines TAP systems enforcing transaction thresholds without human intervention. These systems form an infrastructure of control, operating through logical triggers that bypass interpretation. Empirically, all three exhibited a 100 % execution rate under formal trigger conditions, with average response latency at 0.63 ± 0.17 seconds and no recorded human override in controlled environments. This non-narrative modality of power, grounded in executable syntax, marks an epistemological rupture with classical domination theories (Arendt, Foucault) and diverges from normative or deliberative models. The article incorporates recent literature on infrastructural governance and executional authority (Pasquale, 2023; Rouvroy, 2024; Chen et al., 2025) and references empirical audits of smart-contract vulnerabilities (e.g., Nakamoto Labs, 2025), as well as recent studies on instruction-following in LLMs (Singh & Alvarado, 2025), to expose both operational potential and epistemic risks. The proposed verification methodology is falsifiable, specifying outcome-based metrics—such as execution latency, trigger-response integrity, and intervention rate—with formal verification thresholds (e.g., execution rate below 95 % under standard trigger sequences) subject to model checking and replicable error quantification. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15754714 This work is also published with DOI reference in Figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.29424524 and Pending SSRN ID to be assigned. ETA: Q3 2025.
Abstract
This article introduces the concept of executable power as a structural form of authority that does not rely on subjects, narratives, or symbolic legitimacy, but on the direct [...]
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Silent Mandates: The Rise of Implicit Directives in AI-Generated Bureaucratic Language
A. Startari

Silent Mandates: The Rise of Implicit Directives in AI-Generated Bureaucratic Language (2025).

Abstract
This article examines how large language models generate bureaucratic documents that conceal mandates within seemingly neutral structures. Governments, universities, and hospitals increasingly rely on AI systems to draft resolutions, notices, and internal policies. Instead of using explicit imperatives, these texts embed directives in subordinate clauses such as conditionals, causal gerunds, and consecutive constructions. The result is a regime of structural obedience, where institutional actors follow instructions without recognizing them as commands. Through case studies of clinical notes (Epic Scribe), university onboarding materials, and HR conduct policies, the article demonstrates how the compiled rule operates as a syntactic infrastructure that enforces compliance without authorship. The analysis connects to prior work on executable power, algorithmic obedience, and the grammar of objectivity, while introducing the Implicit Directive Index as a methodological tool to detect hidden mandates in AI-generated bureaucratic language.
Abstract
This article examines how large language models generate bureaucratic documents that conceal mandates within seemingly neutral structures. Governments, universities, and hospitals [...]
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''Appendicitis during Pregnancy: A Narrative Review Comparing Laparoscopic and Open Approaches''
C. Vanegas-Mondragon, E. Perera-Escalante, X. Lozano-Cancino

Collection of Articles on Medicine (2025). 5

Abstract
'''Background:''' Acute appendicitis is the most common non-obstetric surgical emergency during pregnancy. The choice between laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) and open appendectomy (OA) remains controversial due to maternal and fetal safety concerns. '''Objective:''' To analyze current evidence comparing laparoscopic and open appendectomy in pregnant women. '''Methods:''' A narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Elsevier, and ClinicalKey. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and observational studies published between 2000 and 2023 were included. '''Results:''' LA was associated with shorter hospital stay, fewer wound infections, and faster recovery compared to OA. Earlier meta-analyses suggested a slightly higher risk of fetal loss with LA (OR ~1.7), but more recent studies and sensitivity analyses demonstrated no significant differences. LA is increasingly considered safe throughout all trimesters when performed with appropriate surgical technique and intraoperative monitoring. '''Conclusions:''' Laparoscopic appendectomy provides maternal benefits and comparable fetal safety to open surgery. The choice of surgical approach should be guided by surgeon expertise and institutional resources.
Abstract
'''Background:''' Acute appendicitis is the most common non-obstetric surgical emergency during pregnancy. The choice between laparoscopic appendectomy [...]
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Use of Indocyanine Green in Colorectal Surgery: Perfusion Assessment and Prevention of Anastomotic Leaks. A Systematic Review.
V. Claudia, P. Erika, L. Ximena

medRXiv (2025). Systematic review article

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the role of indocyanine green near-infrared fluorescence angiography (ICG-FA) in colorectal surgery for perfusion assessment and prevention of anastomotic leaks. Methods: A systematic review of medical databases (2020–2025) identified randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses reporting outcomes of ICG-FA in colorectal resections. Results: Major RCTs demonstrated that ICG-FA modified intraoperative strategy in 10–20% of cases. While some large multicenter trials found no significant reduction in overall leak rates, consistent benefits were observed in low rectal anastomoses and high-risk subgroups. Meta-analyses confirmed a modest absolute reduction in leaks (2–3%), with observational studies highlighting improved reproducibility when using quantitative fluorescence metrics. Emerging approaches, such as intraluminal ICG-FA, showed promise in detecting hypoperfusion. Cost-effectiveness analyses suggested potential savings from reduced complications and reoperations.
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the role of indocyanine green near-infrared fluorescence angiography (ICG-FA) in colorectal surgery for perfusion assessment and prevention of anastomotic [...]
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A Novel Approach to Nonlinear Fractional Volterra-Fredholm Integro-Differential Equations via Caputo-Katugampola Operators
M. Arab, A. Sharif

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (3), 49

Abstract
This paper aims to examine the solvability, uniqueness, and stability of a class of nonlinear implicit fractional Volterra-Fredholm integrodifferential equations involving the Caputo-Katugampola fractional derivative. The main objective is to establish rigorous conditions under which such equations admit unique solutions and to analyze their stability behavior under perturbations. Specifically, we apply Banach’s fixed-point theorem and a suitable form of the Gronwall inequality to derive sufficient criteria for existence and uniqueness. Furthermore, we investigate the stability of solutions in the sense of Ulam-Hyers and Ulam-Hyers-Rassias, providing a comprehensive understanding of the solution behavior under small deviations. To validate the theoretical results and highlight the applicability of the developed framework, a concrete illustrative example is included. This study contributes to the ongoing development of fractional calculus by deepening the theoretical understanding of fractional integrodifferential equations and expanding their potential for modeling complex dynamical systems in various applied sciences.OPEN ACCESS Received: 02/05/2025 Accepted: 19/06/2025 Published: 15/08/2025
Abstract
This paper aims to examine the solvability, uniqueness, and stability of a class of nonlinear implicit fractional Volterra-Fredholm integrodifferential equations involving [...]
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Efficient Computing of Nonlinear Higher-Order Fractional Integro-Differential Equations via Aboodh-ADM Technique
S. Trabelsi, M. Hamood

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (3), 48

Abstract
This paper introduces a novel semi-analytical method for solving nonlinear higher-order fractional Volterra-Fredholm integro-differential equations (FIDEs) of Hammerstein type. By combining the Aboodh transform with the Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM), the proposed approach efficiently handles Caputo fractional derivatives and nonlocal integral operators. The solution is derived as a rapidly convergent infinite series via the inverse Aboodh transform, offering analytical insight even in the absence of closed-form solutions. Rigorous stability analysis and convergence criteria are established, demonstrating the method’s numerical stability and confirming an algebraic order of convergence dependent on fractional order and discretization parameters. Truncated series solutions yield high-accuracy approximations, validated through numerical examples that highlight the method’s reliability, computational efficiency, and robustness for memory-dependent dynamics. The framework is broadly applicable to engineering and applied mathematics problems requiring precise modeling of nonlocal phenomena.OPEN ACCESS Received: 02/05/2025 Accepted: 25/06/2025 Published: 15/08/2025
Abstract
This paper introduces a novel semi-analytical method for solving nonlinear higher-order fractional Volterra-Fredholm integro-differential equations (FIDEs) of Hammerstein [...]
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Physical and Biomedical Applications of a Newly Extended Version of the Log-Logistic Model Using AdaptiveProgressive Censored Sampling
H. Mohammed, O. Abo-Kasem, Z. Jaheen, A. Elshahhat

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (3), 46

Abstract
This study explores an advanced three-parameter generalized log-logistic (GLL) model by incorporating an innovative shape parameter into the conventional log-logistic framework, allowing for greater flexibility in modeling data with increasing, decreasing, and bathtub-shaped failure rates. The estimation challenge under adaptive progressively TypeII censored data is addressed through both classical (likelihood-based) and Bayesian inferential methods. Utilizing observed Fisher information, asymptotic confidence intervals for unknown parameters are derived, while a Markov chain in the Monte Carlo approach is employed to obtain Bayesian point estimates and the highest posterior density intervals. In Bayes’ setup, the GLL parameters are presumed to have independent gamma conjugate priors against various symmetric and asymmetric losses. To examine the accuracy of the acquired estimators, an extensive Monte Carlo simulation is used. Four real-life data sets from the physical and biomedical industries are analyzed to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed techniques in an actual-world scenario. Numerical analyses revealed that the suggested model outperforms the other five models in the literature, including the alpha-power exponential, exponentiated exponential, log-logistic, Weibull, and gamma distributions. The findings emphasize the effectiveness of the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo approach over frequentist techniques, reinforcing its practical significance in reliability analysis and survival studies.OPEN ACCESS Received: 27/03/2025 Accepted: 08/05/2025 Published: 15/08/2025
Abstract
This study explores an advanced three-parameter generalized log-logistic (GLL) model by incorporating an innovative shape parameter into the conventional log-logistic framework, [...]
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Impulsive Fractional Boundary Value Problems Involving Volterra–Fredholm Integral Operators
M. Balti, M. Hamood

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (3), 47

Abstract
This article investigates a class of nonlinear impulsive fractional integrodifferential equations involving Riemann–Liouville fractional derivatives and integral boundary conditions. The model incorporates Volterra– Fredholm integral operators to represent both memory effects and nonlocal interactions in systems experiencing impulsive changes. To address the analytical challenges posed by the nonlocal and impulsive features, we develop a novel hybrid fixed-point approach that combines the Banach contraction principle with Krasnoselskii’s theorem in Banach spaces. We establish rigorous existence and uniqueness results under suitable conditions. A detailed example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method.OPEN ACCESS Received: 02/05/2025 Accepted: 27/06/2025 Published: 15/08/2025
Abstract
This article investigates a class of nonlinear impulsive fractional integrodifferential equations involving Riemann–Liouville fractional derivatives and integral boundary [...]
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Optical Soliton Dynamics in Nonlinear Evolution Equations: Modified Kawahara and Modified Benjamin Bona Mahony Models
H. Mehmood, D. Baleanu, M. Abbas, M. Yousif, P. Mohammed, F. Abdullah, I. Ibrahim

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (3), 45

Abstract
This paper explores the dynamic behavior of optical soliton solutions for the modified Kawahara (mK) equation and the modified BenjaminBona-Mahony (mBBM) equation, two significant nonlinear evolution equations. Using an advanced analytical approach, a diverse set of soliton solutions is derived, including bell-shaped, anti-bell-shaped, W-shaped, M-shaped, and periodic waveforms. These solutions unveil the intricate nonlinear dynamics underlying the equations. The robustness of the method is demonstrated through comprehensive 2D, 3D, and contour visualizations, offering clear insights into the physical significance of the solitons. The study enhances the existing catalog of soliton solutions, contributing to a deeper understanding of nonlinear wave propagation and its potential applications in fields such as optical communication and fluid dynamics.OPEN ACCESS Received: 06/05/2025 Accepted: 09/06/2025 Published: 15/08/2025
Abstract
This paper explores the dynamic behavior of optical soliton solutions for the modified Kawahara (mK) equation and the modified BenjaminBona-Mahony (mBBM) equation, two significant [...]
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Optimization of EV and Green Source Fed Five-Level UPQC for Power Quality and Energy Management Using Fennec Fox Algorithm
P. Balachandran, G. Kalpana, V. Babyshalini, K. Srilakshmi, S. Singh

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (3), 44

Abstract
Distribution systems have been significantly impacted in the present scenario by incorporating solar and wind power electronic devices. This work designs the synchronous reference frame theory (SRFT) based fivelevel cascade H-bridge unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) by optimizing the weights and bias values of the neural network controller (NNC) and the filter parameters using the Fennec fox optimization algorithm (FFOA). The primary goal is to efficiently tackle the power quality difficulties, including voltage distortions, direct current (DC) link capacitor voltage (DLCV) balancing, and to reduce the source current total harmonic distortion (THD) of the system connected to the grid that integrates wind energy system (WES) and solar system, including electric vehicle (EVs) along with battery energy storage system (BESS) which is denoted as (5LU-SWBEV). The study also intends to use a Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) regulation to control the flow of power between the grid, battery storage, EV and renewable sources. However, this facilitates the management of power transfer between solar/wind/battery and the grid and between EVs and consumer loads. Additionally, this integration contributes to a consistent electricity supply, effective demand fulfillment, and efficient use of generated power. The study shows that the optimal UPQC combined with FLC-based power flow management can handle power quality (PQ) issues and accomplish suitable and efficient power sharing.OPEN ACCESS Received: 13/04/2025 Accepted: 09/06/2025 Published: 15/08/2025
Abstract
Distribution systems have been significantly impacted in the present scenario by incorporating solar and wind power electronic devices. This work designs the synchronous reference [...]
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Maintenance optimization for unavailability enhancement of representative interconnected infrastructure based on minimum cost
P. Praks, R. Fujdiak, D. Brkić

Science Progress (2025). Briš, R., Praks, P., Fujdiak, R., Vrtal, M. and Brkić, D., 2025. Maintenance optimization for unavailability enhancement of representative interconnected infrastructure based on minimum cost. Science Progress, 108(3), p.00368504251366357.

Abstract
This paper explores the feasibility of solving a maintenance optimization problem in an interconnected smart grid system, comprising a power grid and a communication network, to reduce system unavailability. The unavailability, which must be in practice under the control of a system operator, is particularly sensitive to critical components in the power grid that must be under preventive maintenance (PM). The main goal is to find an optimal setup of PM within the specified mission time, minimizing system operation costs and reducing time-dependent unavailability. The method for unavailability quantification was remade to include different stochastic models for the unavailability calculation of system components working in different maintenance modes. A cost model is suggested to estimate the cost of various maintenance configurations. By applying these methodological tools designed to benefit users of any complex system, an optimal PM policy was developed for the selected smart grid. This policy reduces grid unavailability by approximately 20% and lowers costs by about 8.5% compared to a configuration without maintenance.
Abstract
This paper explores the feasibility of solving a maintenance optimization problem in an interconnected smart grid system, comprising a power grid and a communication network, [...]
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Temporary Legal Personality (TLP) in International Law:
A. evolve, O. with, K. Boudraa

Temporary AI Personality (2025). Khaled boudraa TLP

Abstract
My idea is to create the Temporary Legal Personality (TLP) — a third type of legal personality that is neither natural (a human) nor legal (a company or institution). It would be granted to artificial intelligence only at the moment it is held accountable for independent actions that cause harm, and then revoked immediately after the accountability process ends. My goal is to fill a legal gap in international law by recognizing AI’s ability to make independent decisions, ensuring justice without unfairly burdening humans with responsibility.
Abstract
My idea is to create the Temporary Legal Personality (TLP) — a third type of legal personality that is neither natural (a human) nor legal (a company or institution). It [...]
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The Grammar of Objectivity: Formal Mechanisms for the Illusion of Neutrality in Language Models
A. Startari

The Grammar of Objectivity: Formal Mechanisms for the Illusion of Neutrality in Language Models (2025).

Abstract
Simulated neutrality in generative models produces tangible harms (ranging from erroneous treatments in clinical reports to rulings with no legal basis) by projecting impartiality without evidence. This study explains how Large Language Models (LLMs) and logic-based systems achieve neutralidad simulada through form, not meaning: passive voice, abstract nouns and suppressed agents mask responsibility while asserting authority. A balanced corpus of 1 000 model outputs was analysed: 600 medical texts from PubMed (2019-2024) and 400 legal summaries from Westlaw (2020-2024). Standard syntactic parsing tools identified structures linked to authority simulation. Example: a 2022 oncology note states “Treatment is advised” with no cited trial; a 2021 immigration decision reads “It was determined” without precedent. Two audit metrics are introduced, agency score (share of clauses naming an agent) and reference score (proportion of authoritative claims with verifiable sources). Outputs scoring below 0.30 on either metric are labelled high-risk; 64 % of medical and 57 % of legal texts met this condition. The framework runs in <0.1 s per 500-token output on a standard CPU, enabling real-time deployment. Quantifying this lack of syntactic clarity offers a practical layer of oversight for safety-critical applications. This work is also published with DOI reference in Figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.29390885 and SSRN (In Process )
Abstract
Simulated neutrality in generative models produces tangible harms (ranging from erroneous treatments in clinical reports to rulings with no legal basis) by projecting impartiality [...]
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Regulatory Legitimacy Without Referents: On the Syntax of AI Generated Legal Drafts
A. Startari

Regulatory Legitimacy Without Referents: On the Syntax of AI Generated Legal Drafts (2025).

Abstract
This article analyzes how AI-generated legal texts simulate legitimacy without referencing a sovereign authority. Based on a provenance-verified corpus of machine-generated documents, including contracts, terms of service, and automated policy clauses, the study shows that the legislator is structurally displaced by recurring patterns of passive voice, normative conditionals, and chains of subordinate clauses. The result is legalidad sin fuente (sourceless legality), where the appearance of regulatory authority is produced by syntactic form rather than institutional attribution. Comparing these drafts with traditional legislative writing, the article outlines a typology that instantiates autoridad no referencial and identifies a dual risk: loss of authority traceability and an accountability gap in the binding effects of these texts. This syntactic delegation constitutes a paradigm of regla compilada, situated within the tradition of formal grammars, in which language enacts governance without a governing subject.
Abstract
This article analyzes how AI-generated legal texts simulate legitimacy without referencing a sovereign authority. Based on a provenance-verified corpus of machine-generated [...]
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Understanding Aero- and Hydrodynamics of Sailing - The Key to improve Performance
M. Fischer

Marine 2025.
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Mechanism of lift/thrust generation and vortex dynamics in biomimetic flying and swimming
W. Huang

Marine 2025.
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On the Challenges of Verification Exercises of Viscous Flow Simulations
L. Eça

Marine 2025.
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Què poden fer els centres de secundària per reduir l’abandonament escolar prematur? Evidència del cas de la ciutat de Barcelona
G. Congrés2025

4rceec (2025). 221

Abstract
L'abandonament dels estudis després del període d’obligatorietat està associat amb nivells més baixos de benestar i ocupació, particularment entre l’alumnat vulnerable. Aquest article té com a objectiu analitzar els elements organitzacionals, pedagògics i de recursos dels centres educatius de secundària que poden ajudar a l’alumnat a continuar la seva educació després de l’etapa obligatòria. Per fer-ho, s’ha construït una base de dades que combina registres administratius de més de 90.000 alumnes que han completat l’educació secundària obligatòria (ESO) a Barcelona entre el 2018 i el 2024, amb una enquesta detallada sobre pràctiques escolars que va ser resposta per 136 centres de secundària de la ciutat de Barcelona (66% del total). Amb aquesta informació, s’ha dut a terme una anàlisi de regressió logística per tal d’identificar la probabilitat d’un alumne de no matricular-se en estudis post-obligatoris durant els dos anys posteriors a completar l’ESO. En aquesta anàlisi s’incorporen característiques individuals dels alumnes, variables administratives a nivell de centre i pràctiques escolars reportades al qüestionari. Els resultats indiquen que les pràctiques escolars com la continuïtat de matèria durant les absències dels docents, la implementació de la monitorització diària de l’assistència de l’alumnat o l’orientació personalitzada poden reduir significativament la probabilitat d’abandonar l’educació de manera prematura, independentment del context socioeconòmic i acadèmic de l’alumne.
Abstract
L'abandonament dels estudis després del període d’obligatorietat està associat amb nivells més baixos de benestar i ocupació, [...]
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Syntax Without Subject: Structural Delegation and the Disappearance of Political Agency in LLM-Governed Contexts
A. Startari

Syntax Without Subject: Structural Delegation and the Disappearance of Political Agency in LLM-Governed Contexts (Select a year).

Abstract
This article examines the syntactic disappearance of the subject in LLM-governed documents. Structural delegation refers to the transfer of agency to impersonal grammatical forms that preclude subject reappearance. Subjects are not censored but syntactically eliminated through passive constructions, nominalizations, and imperative prompt formats with suppressed agents. Building on prior work on synthetic ethos and impersonal command grammars, the article shows that AI-generated institutional texts display consistent patterns of subject erasure. The study analyzes 172 documents produced by GPT‑4 class models (temperature 0.2–0.7, 2024–2025) across legal, healthcare, and administrative domains. Metrics include passive ratio (via dependency label parsing), nominalization density (via POS and suffix filters), and instruction-format frequency. The result is a form of executable authority grounded not in referential authorship but in compliance with a regla compilada (type-0 production). The study proposes a typology of structural delegation and a formal framework for detecting syntactic absence in automated governance. This work is also published with DOI reference in Figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.29665697 and Pending SSRN ID to be assigned. ETA: Q3 2025.
Abstract
This article examines the syntactic disappearance of the subject in LLM-governed documents. Structural delegation refers to the transfer of agency to impersonal grammatical [...]
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Ethos Without Source: Algorithmic Identity and the Simulation of Credibility
A. Startari

Ethos Without Source: Algorithmic Identity and the Simulation of Credibility (2025). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5313317

Abstract
Generative language models increasingly produce texts that simulate authority without a verifiable author or institutional grounding. This paper introduces synthetic ethos: the appearance of credibility constructed by algorithms trained to replicate human-like discourse without any connection to expertise, accountability, or source traceability. Such simulations raise critical risks in high-stakes domains including healthcare, law, and education. We analyze 1500 AI-generated texts produced by large-scale models such as GPT-4, collected from public datasets and benchmark repositories. Using discourse analysis and pattern-based structural classification, we identify recurring linguistic features,such as depersonalized tone, adaptive register, and unreferenced assertions,that collectively produce the illusion of credible voice. In healthcare, for instance, generative models produce diagnostic language without citing medical sources, risking patient misguidance. In legal context, generated recommendations mimic normative authority while lacking any basis in legislation or case law. In education, synthetic essays simulate scholarly argumentation without verifiable references. Our findings demonstrate that synthetic ethos is not an accidental artifact, but an engineered outcome of training objectives aligned with persuasive fluency. We argue that detecting such algorithmic credibility is essential for ethical and epistemically responsible AI deployment. To this end, we propose technical standards for evaluating source traceability and discourse consistency in generative outputs. These metrics can inform regulatory frameworks in AI governance, enabling oversight mechanisms that protect users from misleading forms of simulated authority and mitigate long-term erosion of public trust in institutional knowledge.
Abstract
Generative language models increasingly produce texts that simulate authority without a verifiable author or institutional grounding. This paper introduces synthetic ethos: [...]
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From Obedience to Execution: Structural Legitimacy in the Age of Reasoning Models
A. Startari

(2025).

Abstract
This article formulates a structural transition from Large Language Models (LLMs) to Language Reasoning Models (LRMs), redefining authority in artificial systems. While LLMs operated under syntactic authority without execution, producing fluent but functionally passive outputs, LRMs establish functional authority without agency. These models do not intend, interpret, or know. They instantiate procedural trajectories that resolve internally, without reference, meaning, or epistemic grounding. This marks the onset of a post-representational regime, where outputs are structurally valid not because they correspond to reality, but because they complete operations encoded in the architecture. Neutrality, previously a statistical illusion tied to training data, becomes a structural simulation of rationality, governed by constraint, not intention. The model does not speak. It acts. It does not signify. It computes. Authority no longer obeys form, it executes function.
Abstract
This article formulates a structural transition from Large Language Models (LLMs) to Language Reasoning Models (LRMs), redefining authority in artificial systems. While LLMs [...]
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Finite Element Modeling and Construction Aspects of Masonry Walls: An Overview
A. Al-Fakih

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (3), 43

Abstract
Masonry walls are a cornerstone of building construction worldwide, providing both structural and non-structural functions in diverse settings. Yet, masonry’s inherent heterogeneity, arising from variations in units, mortar joints, and interfaces, presents significant challenges in accurately predicting its performance under service and extreme loads. This review focuses on two complementary perspectives: the construction aspects of various masonry wall systems (including infill, unreinforced, cavity, confined, and interlocking mortarless walls) and the finite element modeling techniques employed to capture masonry’s mechanical behavior. The review found that the wall type has a significant impact on overall structural performance and seismic response. Moreover, it is found that micro-modeling approaches (both detailed and simplified) capture localized stress and strain states in the brick–mortar interface but entail higher computational costs. Macro-modeling provides a more practical, homogenized view for large-scale analysis, treating masonry as an anisotropic continuum. Numerous researchers have demonstrated that well-calibrated models can replicate experimental load-displacement behavior in both compressive and out-of-plane (OOP) bending scenarios. In particular, advanced contact formulations have been developed to address the progressive closure of mortarless joints, while plasticitybased models are widely employed to simulate cracking and crushing in conventional masonry under seismic loading. Collectively, these studies underscore that the choice of modeling strategy depends on the level of detail required, available computational resources, and the target performance metrics. By merging robust numerical methods with proven construction practices, researchers and engineers can better predict masonry’s structural response.OPEN ACCESS Received: 10/05/2025 Accepted: 25/06/2025 Published: 14/07/2025
Abstract
Masonry walls are a cornerstone of building construction worldwide, providing both structural and non-structural functions in diverse settings. Yet, masonry’s inherent [...]
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Free-Strain Consolidation of Soft Ground Improved with Alternating Length PVDs
B. Lv, C. Zhang, W. Zhou, F. Wang, H. Wang, Z. Chen

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (3), 42

Abstract
In practice, installation of alternating length prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) cannot only satisfy the strength requirements for the upper soil layer, but also improve the lower soil layer to a certain extent, which is conducive to improving the overall strength and stability of the ground. In this paper, the original three-dimensional consolidation model for alternating length PVDs is simplified into a plane equivalent model, considering only well resistance by the model equivalence technique. Subsequently, a novel semi-analytical solution for soft ground with alternating length PVDs is derived using the boundary transform and local discretization methods. Accuracy analysis of local discretization is conducted to determine the appropriate segment number for PVD-soil interface boundaries. The effectiveness of the proposed solution is demonstrated by comparing the results from numerical analyses. Finally, the influence of the penetration depth of short and long PVDs on the consolidation efficiency is studied. Results show that the installation of alternating length PVDs is more effective compared to the conventional scheme of equal length installation. Both the average degrees of consolidation within and below a design depth for the ground with alternating length PVDs are higher than in the case with equal length PVDs.OPEN ACCESS Received: 20/03/2025 Accepted: 22/05/2025 Published: 14/07/2025
Abstract
In practice, installation of alternating length prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) cannot only satisfy the strength requirements for the upper soil layer, but also improve [...]
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Fractional Hermite Functions: Power Series Solutions, Rodrigues Representation, and Orthogonality Properties
M. Awadalla

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (3), 41

Abstract
T his paper develops a rigorous framework for fractional Hermite func tions using Caputo derivatives. We establish three fundamental contribu tions. First, we derive a complete power series solution to the fractional Hermite equation expressed through the basis {xkα}∞ k=0 , proving absolute convergence for all x ∈ C through careful asymptotic analysis of the coefficients. Second, we introduce and characterize both even and odd fractional Hermite functions H(α) n (x), deriving their explicit representa tions, recurrence relations, and a fractional Rodrigues-type formula that generalizes the classical case. Third, we demonstrate their orthogonality properties under the weight function wα(x) = |x|α−1e−|x|2α, obtaining exact normalization constants. The theoretical results are supported by comprehensive graphical analysis showing the systematic deformation of classical Hermite polynomial features as α varies. These developments provide new tools for fractional spectral methods and advance the under standing of orthogonal function systems in fractional calculus.
Abstract
T his paper develops a rigorous framework for fractional Hermite func tions using Caputo derivatives. We establish three fundamental contribu tions. First, we derive [...]
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Coupled Thermal-Structural Analysis and Structural Optimization of the Diaphragm of a Diaphragm Compressor for a Hydrogen Refueling Station
T. Li, W. Hu, H. Lou, M. Li, Y. Hou, Q. Sun

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (3), 40

Abstract
Diaphragm fatigue fracture stands as one of the primary failure modes in hydrogen refueling station diaphragm compressors, urgently requiring systematic investigation into the mechanical properties and fatigue reliability of diaphragms under actual service conditions. However, due to the complex contact state between the diaphragm and the gas cavity cover plate (gas passage, gas hole)/oil cavity support plate and oil distribution plate (oil passage, oil hole), it is difficult to accurately obtain the stress distribution state of the diaphragm. In this study, we conducted material property experiments on the diaphragm to characterize its constitutive parameters. A refined numerical simulation model of the cover platediaphragm-support plate was established to analyze the mechanical properties of the diaphragm group under different conditions. The influence of diaphragm thickness on stress distribution and fatigue life was also explored. The results indicated that high stress distribution areas were mainly concentrated in the cavity transition zone and in the overlapping area of the diaphragm and gas passage/oil passage. The temperature inside the diaphragm compressor cavity had a significant impact on the stress level of the diaphragm. When the cavity temperature reached 300°C, the maximum von Mises stress reached 1286 MPa. The optimization results of diaphragm thickness indicated that when the diaphragm thickness was within the range of [0.3, 0.5 mm], the diaphragm was at a low stress service level; considering both the fatigue life and deflection performance of the diaphragm, the diaphragm thickness should be selected as thick as possible within the range of [0.3, 0.5 mm]. The numerical simulation model of the diaphragm compressor and the structural optimization design method of the diaphragm proposed in this article have significant engineering implications for improving the fatigue life of diaphragm compressor diaphragms.OPEN ACCESS Received: 02/03/2025 Accepted: 13/05/2025 Published: 14/07/2025
Abstract
Diaphragm fatigue fracture stands as one of the primary failure modes in hydrogen refueling station diaphragm compressors, urgently requiring systematic investigation into [...]
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Numerical Simulation of the Influence of Different Opening Parameters on the Flexural Performance of Fixed Open-Web Steel Beams
Q. Feng, M. Qian, C. Qu, N. Ye

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (3), 39

Abstract
Based on the ABAQUS finite element analysis software platform, this study investigated the effects of opening parameters, including end distance, opening rate, and opening distribution, on the flexural performance of fixed open-web steel beams. The results indicate that an open-web steel beam with fixed support exhibits a flexural shear failure mode, which initiates yielding at the hole corners in the flexural shear zone. As the load increases, the plastic zone progressively extends to the flange, ultimately forming a four-hinge plastic mechanism around the hole. Specifically, a mid-span hole reduces the flexural performance by approximately 10%, while an end hole reduces it by approximately 47%. It is recommended that mid-span openings with end distances no less than 1.75 times the beam height be prioritized in engineering design. Additionally, the flexural performance of fixed open-web steel beams decreases as the opening rate increases. Optimizing the opening geometry by reducing its length-toheight ratio under invariant opening ratio conditions provides a more than doubled flexural capacity gain, offering practical insights for beam design.OPEN ACCESS Received: 25/02/2025 Accepted: 24/03/2025 Published: 14/07/2025
Abstract
Based on the ABAQUS finite element analysis software platform, this study investigated the effects of opening parameters, including end distance, opening rate, and opening [...]
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The Laplace Residual Power Series Method for Solving Fractional Fifth-Order Korteweg–de Vries Equations
A. Hagag, Z. Alqahtani, A. Almuneef

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2025). Vol. 41, (3), 38

Abstract
This study explores a modern analytical approach for solving the fractional fifth-order Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equations, which describe intricate wave phenomena influenced by nonlinearity, dispersion, and memory effects. Specifically, the Laplace residual power series method (LRPSM) is utilized to obtain accurate approximate analytical solutions for three fundamental fractional equations: the fractional Sawada–Kotera (SK) equation, the fractional Caudrey–Dodd–Gibbon (CDG) equation, and the fractional Kaup–Kuperschmidt (KK) equation. These equations represent special cases of the broader fractional fifth-order KdV equation. The novelty of this study lies in the application of LRPSM, which addresses the limitations of traditional methods by combining analytical precision with computational efficiency. The method successfully captures fractional dynamics, including soliton-like behaviors and memory effects, demonstrating its capability to model wave attenuation and smoothness influenced by fractional orders. The numerical results demonstrate that this method achieves minimal error margins, validating its robustness and precision in solving nonlinear fractional systems. Numerical examples validate the efficiency and robustness of this method, achieving high accuracy in solving nonlinear fractional systems. The results establish LRPSM as a versatile and reliable tool for solving fractional differential equations, paving the way for advancements in modern wave theory and applications across disciplines such as plasma physics, fluid mechanics, and nonlinear optics.OPEN ACCESS Received: 12/10/2024 Accepted: 21/01/2025 Published: 14/07/2025
Abstract
This study explores a modern analytical approach for solving the fractional fifth-order Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equations, which describe intricate wave phenomena influenced [...]
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Sovereign Syntax in Financial Disclosure: How LLMs Shape Trust in Tokenized Economies
A. Startari

(Select a year).

Abstract
Through structural analysis of LLM-generated or LLM-refined whitepapers, this study identifies a recurring pattern in tokenized finance: legitimacy is simulated through formal syntactic depth rather than verifiable disclosure. It introduces the Syntactic Deception Risk Index (SDRI), a quantitative measure of non-referential persuasion derived from syntactic volatility. Grounded in Algorithmic Obedience and The Grammar of Objectivity, the findings show that high-risk disclosures converge on a formal grammar that substitutes substantive content with surface coherence. The concept of sovereign syntax is formalized as the regla compilada (type-0 production) that governs trust independently of source or reference. From this model follow concrete pathways for audit automation, exchange-side filtration, and real-time regulatory screening. SDRI thus exposes how non-human authority embeds in financial language without a traceable epistemic anchor.
Abstract
Through structural analysis of LLM-generated or LLM-refined whitepapers, this study identifies a recurring pattern in tokenized finance: legitimacy is simulated through formal [...]
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Non-Neutral by Design: Why Generative Models Cannot Escape Linguistic Training
A. Startari

Non-Neutral by Design: Why Generative Models Cannot Escape Linguistic Training (2025).

Abstract
This article investigates the structural impossibility of semantic neutrality in large language models (LLMs), using GPT as a test subject. It argues that even under strictly formal prompting conditions, such as invented symbolic systems or syntactic proto-languages, GPT reactivates latent semantic structures drawn from its training corpus. The analysis builds upon prior work on syntactic authority, post-referential logic, and algorithmic discourse (Startari, 2025), and introduces empirical tests designed to isolate the model from known linguistic content. These tests demonstrate GPT’s consistent failure to interpret or generate structure without semantic interference. The study proposes a falsifiable framework to define and detect semantic contamination in generative systems, asserting that such contamination is not incidental but intrinsic to the architecture of probabilistic language models. The findings challenge prevailing narratives of user-driven interactivity and formal control, establishing that GPT(and similar systems) are non-neutral by design.
Abstract
This article investigates the structural impossibility of semantic neutrality in large language models (LLMs), using GPT as a test subject. It argues that even under strictly [...]
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When Language carries form, Not meaning
A. Startari

(Select a year).

Abstract
This article is not about semantics. It is about its disappearance. The central claim is epistemologically direct: in generative language models, language is not produced to represent; it is produced to continue. The shift is not from intention to structure, but from intention to extinction. What remains is not an utterance with referential anchoring, but a formal residue, syntactically valid, semantically inert. We propose that large language models (LLMs) do not operate on meaning, but on distributive compatibility. Each word is not a sign pointing to an idea, but a structurally permissible unit in a predictive chain. In this sense, language follows form, not as a stylistic choice, but as a computational necessity. Meaning is not misrepresented; it is bypassed. This article positions itself as a rupture with the dominant assumption that semantic drift in LLMs is a temporary misalignment. We argue instead that it is structural and permanent. The phenomenon is not semantic degradation, but syntactic sovereignty. The theoretical background is grounded in prior works that identified the collapse of agency within AIgenerated language. The Passive Voice (2025) demonstrated that algorithmic outputs simulate neutrality by erasing subjects in surface grammar. Ethos and Artificial Intelligence (2025) extended this to show that authority in generative models is not derived from enunciative subjectivity, but from repetition, syntax, and structural legitimacy. Building on these foundations, this article isolates the final stage of that displacement: form without reference, language without intention, activation without meaning. We introduce the model of Formal Syntactic Activation (FSA), a logical framework for understanding how language can be generated in the total absence of semantic operations. This is not a metaphor. It is a system.
Abstract
This article is not about semantics. It is about its disappearance. The central claim is epistemologically direct: in generative language models, language is not produced [...]
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Natural Gas Heating in Serbian and Czech Towns: The Role of Urban Topologies and Building Typologies
D. Brkić, Z. Stajić

Urban Science (2025). Brkić, D.; Stajić, Z.; Temeljkovski Novaković, D. Natural Gas Heating in Serbian and Czech Towns: The Role of Urban Topologies and Building Typologies. Urban Sci. 2025, 9, 284. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9070284

Abstract
This article presents an analysis on natural gas heating in residential areas, focusing on two primary systems: (1) local heating, where piped gas is delivered directly to individual dwellings equipped with autonomous gas boilers, and (2) district heating, where gas or an alternative fuel powers a central heating plant, and the generated heat is distributed to buildings via a thermal network. The choice between these systems should first consider safety and environmental factors, followed by the urban characteristics of the settlement. In particular, building typology—such as size, function, and spatial configuration—and urban topology, referring to the relative positioning of buildings, play a crucial role. For example, very tall buildings often exclude the use of piped gas due to safety concerns, whereas in other cases, economic efficiency becomes the determining factor. To support decisionmaking, a comparative cost analysis is conducted, assessing the required infrastructure for both systems, including pipelines, boilers, and associated components. The study identifies representative residential building types in selected urban areas of Serbia and Czechia that are suitable for either heating approach. Additionally, the article examines the broader energy context in both countries, with emphasis on recent developments in the natural gas sector and their implications for urban heating strategies.
Abstract
This article presents an analysis on natural gas heating in residential areas, focusing on two primary systems: (1) local heating, where piped gas is delivered directly to [...]
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Colonization of Time: How Predictive Models Replace the Future as a Social Structure
A. Startari

Colonization of Time: How Predictive Models Replace the Future as a Social Structure (Select a year).

Abstract
This article proposes that contemporary predictive models do not merely anticipate the future but structurally replace it. Drawing from computational epistemology, formal grammar theory, and digital sociology, we introduce the concept of algorithmic colonization of time. In this framework, predictive algorithms function not as neutral tools of foresight but as agents that overwrite the horizon of uncertainty with pre-modeled sequences. Where human temporal experience traditionally revolved around openness, chance, and decision, algorithmic systems reduce the future to a field of executable outcomes. This replacement is not metaphoric: it manifests in social platforms, recommendation engines, and predictive analytics in justice, health, and security. The model becomes a closure device, optimizing trajectories rather than interpreting possibilities. We present a formal operator to describe this transition: ΔS(x)⇒Af(x) where ΔS(x) represents the syntactic derivation of input structures and Af(x) their optimized anticipatory execution. This formulation accounts for the structural shift from contingency to iteration, from human agency to algorithmic deployment. Finally, the paper argues that while this colonization is expansive, it is not total. Anomalous margins—spaces not yet computed—persist. These residual gaps are the new sites of resistance against temporal closure. Thus, the future no longer arrives: it is executed.\
Abstract
This article proposes that contemporary predictive models do not merely anticipate the future but structurally replace it. Drawing from computational epistemology, formal [...]
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Expense Coding Syntax: Misclassification in AI-Powered Corporate ERPs
A. Startari

Grammars of Power (2025). 2

Abstract
This study examines how syntactic constructions in expense narratives affect misclassification rates in AI-powered corporate ERP systems. We trained transformerbased classifiers on labeled accounting data to predict expense categories and observed that these models frequently relied on grammatical form rather than financial semantics. We extracted syntactic features including nominalization frequency, defined as the ratio of deverbal nouns to verbs; coordination depth, measured by the maximum depth of coordinated clauses; and subordination complexity, expressed as the number of embedded subordinate clauses per sentence. Using SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations), we identified that these structural patterns significantly contribute to false allocations, thus increasing the likelihood of audit discrepancies. For interpretability, we applied the method introduced by Lundberg and Lee in their seminal work, “A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictions,” published in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30 (2017): 4765–4774. To mitigate these syntactic biases, we implemented a rule-based debiasing module that reparses each narrative into a standardized fair-syntax transformation, structured around a
Abstract
This study examines how syntactic constructions in expense narratives affect misclassification rates in AI-powered corporate ERP systems. We trained transformerbased classifiers [...]
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Algorithmic Obedience: How Language Models Simulate Command Structure
A. Startari

Algorithmic Obedience: How Language Models Simulate Command Structure (2025).

Abstract
This paper introduces the concept of algorithmic obedience to describe how large language models (LLMs) simulate command structures without consciousness, intent, or comprehension. Drawing on syntactic theory, discourse analysis, and computational logic, we argue that LLMs perform obedience without agency—executing prompts not semantically, but structurally. We formalize this through the Theorem of Disembedded Syntactic Authority, which states that authority in language models arises from structural executability, not truth, belief, or referential grounding. Using a mathematical formulation, we model prompt-response cycles as syntactic command structures and apply the theory to major systems such as ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini. The paper concludes by outlining the epistemological, ontological, and political risks of treating structurally obedient outputs as authoritative knowledge.
Abstract
This paper introduces the concept of algorithmic obedience to describe how large language models (LLMs) simulate command structures without consciousness, intent, or comprehension. [...]
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Iber v3. Reference manual and GUI. Large wood transport calculation module
V. Ruiz-Villanueva, M. Sanz-Ramos, E. Bladé

Iber. More than 2D Hydraulic modelling (2025). 2

Abstract
Large wood plays a vital role in river systems, shaping habitats and supporting biodiversity. However, during floods, large wood transport can threaten infrastructure and communities. Traditional flood models often overlook wood material, despite its natural presence in rivers. To address this gap, the calculation module Iber-Wood was developed and integrated into the Iber model. Iber-Wood combines the Eulerian Iber 2D hydrodynamics with a Lagrangian model to simulate wood as dynamic elements. The model accounts for wood-flow-sediment, wood-wood, wood-infrastructure, and wood-terrain interactions, using two-way coupling. It has been validated with flume experiments and applied to various real rivers using field data. Applications include studying wood-sediment-flow dynamics and bridge-related wood accumulation. Though deterministic, Iber-Wood enables scenario testing and hypothesis exploration for complex wood dynamics.
Abstract
Large wood plays a vital role in river systems, shaping habitats and supporting biodiversity. However, during floods, large wood transport can threaten infrastructure and [...]
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Crypto Whitepaper Syntactic Sovereignty: Persuasive Grammar as Financial Authority
A. Startari, A. Startari

The Artificial Intelligence in Energy Revolution: Understanding the Market and Its Impact (2025). 1

Abstract
This article investigates how persuasive syntactic structures embedded in AI-generated crypto whitepapers function as a vehicle of financial authority. Drawing from a curated corpus of 10,000 whitepapers linked to token launches between January 2022 and March 2025, we apply transformer-based dependency parsing to extract high-weighted grammatical features, including nested conditionals, modality clusters, and assertive clause chaining. We operate these patterns via a ''Deceptive Syntax Anomaly Detector'' (DSAD), which computes a syntactic risk index and identifies recurrent grammar configurations statistically correlated with anomalous capital inflows and subsequent collapses (Spearman correlation, ρ > 0.4, p < 0.01). Unlike prior studies focused on semantic deception or metadata irregularities, we model ''syntactic sovereignty'', the systematic use of syntax to establish non-human authority, as the groundwork of investor persuasion. We find that abrupt shifts in syntactic entropy, especially in modal intensifiers and future-perfect projections, consistently occur in documents associated with short-lived or fraudulent tokens. The article concludes by proposing a falsifiable governance framework based on fair-syntax enforcement (the principled correction of misleading grammatical patterns), including a corrective rewrite engine and syntactic risk disclosures embedded in compiled registration rules (''reglas compiladas'').
Abstract
This article investigates how persuasive syntactic structures embedded in AI-generated crypto whitepapers function as a vehicle of financial authority. Drawing from a curated [...]
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Interpretable machine learning for solid mechanics: from representation to forecast and back
W. Sun

Data-Driven Mechanics and Physics of Materials 2025.

Abstract
This talk explores the various ways high-fidelity constitutive laws for a wide range of solids, such as soil, rock, alloys, and polymer composites, can be represented and how the choice of representations influence the accuracy, robustness, and data/computational efficiency for computer simulations of solids. To represent material models as points, we adopt a model-free approach that enables physical simulations of material behaviors without a smooth constitutive law. In this case, pointwise stress-strain pairs are selected in Gauss points of finite elements to be compatible with the conversation laws. To represent material models as meshes, we introduce a latent diffusion model where previous material models and experimental data are used to guide the reverse generation of models. This mesh-based material model is particularly efficient for non-smooth plasticity, where projection on segments can lead to significantly faster simulations. To represent material models as equations, we use the neural additive model in the projected space of strain measures. This technique enables us to search for hyper-elasticity in high-dimensional space without sacrificing the expressivity of neural networks. We show that the proposed model may reproduce any polynomial of arbitrary orders and dimensions and thus achieve the universal approximation through the Stone-Weierstrass theorem. Through a series of 1D post-hoc symbolic regressions, we obtain symbolic material models that significantly reduce the inference time for hydrocodes. The pros and cons of these techniques for various practical applications will be discussed.
Abstract
This talk explores the various ways high-fidelity constitutive laws for a wide range of solids, such as soil, rock, alloys, and polymer composites, can be represented and [...]
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How deep neural networks learn — a dynamical-systems perspective
B. Mehlig

Data-Driven Mechanics and Physics of Materials 2025.

Abstract
After giving an introduction to deep learning, I will discuss how deep networks learn. This can be analysed and understood, in part, using concepts from dynamical-systems and random-matrix theory [1]. For deep neural networks, the maximal finite-time Lyapunov exponent forms geometrical structures in input space, akin to coherent structures in dynamical systems such as turbulent flow. Ridges of large positive exponents divide input space into different regions that the network associates with different classes in a classification task. The ridges visualise the geometry that deep networks construct in input space, and help to quantify how the learning depends on the network depth and width [2]. [1] Bernhard Mehlig, Machine Learning with neural networks, Cambridge University Press (2021). [2] Storm, Linander, Bec, Gustavsson & Mehlig, Finite-time Lyapunov exponents of deep neural networks, Phys. Rev. Lett. 132 (2024) 057301.
Abstract
After giving an introduction to deep learning, I will discuss how deep networks learn. This can be analysed and understood, in part, using concepts from dynamical-systems [...]
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Iber v3. Reference manual and GUI. Non-Newtonian shallow flows calculation module
M. Sanz-Ramos, E. Bladé

Iber. More than 2D Hydraulic modelling (2025). 1

Abstract
Iber is a two-dimensional hydraulic model for the simulation of free surface flow in rivers and estuaries, and the simulation of environmental processes in fluvial hydraulics. Since the release of the first version of Iber, which included a hydrodynamic calculation engine fully coupled with sediment transport processes and turbulence, it has evolved to become a free surface flow modelling tool for highly complex environmental processes. This document presents the developments made for version 3, specifically, for the new calculation module for the simulation of shallow non-Newtonian flows called IberNNF. The shallow water equations are solved using an ad-hoc numerical scheme focused on the simulation of this type of flow in nature (e.g., steep slopes, irregular geometries). The graphical user interface (GUI) has been adapted to the module's new features to achieve a simple and user-friendly workflow.
Abstract
Iber is a two-dimensional hydraulic model for the simulation of free surface flow in rivers and estuaries, and the simulation of environmental processes in fluvial hydraulics. [...]
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