Documents published in 2018 : Scipedia

Flight Management System Pathfinding Algorithm for Automatic Vertical Trajectory Generation
J. Mere, D. Delahaye, T. Miquel, R. Altava

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 350

Abstract
International audience; Air Traffic has evolved over the years with current commercial fleet expected to double in the near future, increasing airspace congestion. Jet fuel prices volatility, market competition and drones integrating the same airspace require a modernization of the Air Transportation System. In this context, Airbus proposes modern avionics and cockpit designs to fulfil these requirements. Flight Management System (FMS), in-service since the early 1980s, is one of these candidate avionic systems to be revisited. During high workload flight phases as descent and approach are, best-in-class FMSs compute a fixed vertical reference trajectory based on a lateral flight plan and applicable procedures. Then, flight guidance is responsible for tactical replanning so that deviations are absorbed. FMS reference profile is constructed through a series of hypotheses, which could be enhanced by taking into account other factors such as aircraft optimal energy repartition, ATC restrictions, surrounding traffic, wind errors and mass biases. This paper proposes and compares two methodologies based on a modified version of A* algorithm that solves the Optimal Control Problem in the vertical plane. Fixed and variable speed aircraft trajectories are compared in order to quantify the benefits with respect to current FMS design. The problem is formulated through a relaxed point-mass model with a real performance database for a modern commercial aircraft. It accounts for flight constraints as well as aircraft dynamics for trajectory generation. Fuel consumption is optimized without excessively penalizing flight time. These trajectories are compared with those generated by Airbus FMS simulator. Results show that, for modern arrival procedures such as those defined for Continuous Descent Operations, aircraft energy management (potential and kinetic) is enhanced, producing continuously idle trajectories that consume up to 30 % less fuel than current operations, as obtained for this particular procedure. In that case, flight time would be stretched by few minutes yielding to 15% extra time, whose trade-off still seems interesting from the airline perspective.
Abstract
International audience; Air Traffic has evolved over the years with current commercial fleet expected to double in the near future, increasing airspace congestion. Jet fuel [...]
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Improving LED luminaries for street lighting to meet road user's needs: The case of Vienna
K. Markvica, G. Richter, G. Lenz

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 349

Abstract
Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology promises a great energy saving potential and is therefore increasingly used for traffic areas or urban spaces, respectively. While many LED luminaires for street lighting meet the current standards, many light experts as well as the general public judge the lightings as glaring and visually uncomfortable. This leaves room for technological improvement which should be based on shortcomings of the currently available street lighting installations. To address them, we concentrate on road user perception and behavioral impact of conventional luminaire and LED lighting. To identify the influence of different lighting conditions in streets on road users, their perception and behavior had to be surveyed before and after refitting to LED technology in a selected test area. Surveys (n = 386) and participant observation (n = 873) were chosen as methods to provide a reliable basis for the construction of improved LED luminaires by an industrial partner.
Abstract
Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology promises a great energy saving potential and is therefore increasingly used for traffic areas or urban spaces, respectively. While many [...]
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Towards a Predictive Model of Driver Acceptance of Active Collision Avoidance Systems
D. Large, V. Banks, C. Harvey, G. Burnett

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 348

Abstract
Drivers’ acceptance of advanced-driver-assistance-systems (ADAS), such as pedestrian alert systems (PAS), is vital if the full benefits are to be realised. However, the adoption and continued use of such technology is not only contingent on the system’s technical competence, but is also dependent upon drivers’ attitudes towards the system, and the impact that it has on their driving behaviour and performance. Understanding and integrating the factors that affect and define acceptance in a driving context is therefore important, but complex. We present an in-depth literature review, enriched by a driving simulator study (both conducted as part of the EU-Horizon2020 PROSPECT project), that together begin to collate these factors and explore their interrelationship. A preliminary, descriptive model of driver acceptance is subsequently presented. Further work will enhance and validate the model, with the aim of creating a predictive model that can be used to inform the design of future in-vehicle technologies.
Abstract
Drivers’ acceptance of advanced-driver-assistance-systems (ADAS), such as pedestrian alert systems (PAS), is vital if the full benefits are to be realised. However, the [...]
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The SELIS approach to delivering a 'Platform for Pan-European Logistics Applications'
I. Fergadioti, P. Katsoulakos, P. Sullivan, Y. Zorgios

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 347

Abstract
The sustainability of the logistics sector is challenged by its energy consumption, pressures on GHG emissions, globalisation, increased competition and consumer behaviour changes. In order to address these challenges, logistics actors have started to implement environmentally friendly collaborative strategies addressing supply chain integration, multimodal transport, consolidation of deliveries and reverse logistics. The implementation of such strategies frequently asserts the need for proactive and reactive coordination based on information sharing between collaborating actors, to optimally match supply and demand for logistics resources. However, adoption of advanced collaborative ICT solutions by the logistics sector is hindered by the number of transport management solutions, which yields a fragmented story, where actors have to contend with multiple tools, relationships, and fragmented views of their logistics business which are difficult, or impossible, to unify into one perspective. Further challenges relate to long established practices, multifaceted regulatory requirements and lack of trust. Also, until now, developments have been driven by the business interests of different stakeholders’ groups, including shippers, freight forwarders, ports and terminals, different mode carriers, and multiple alliances. This creates overlapping or incompatible technology solutions, with a limited potential to contribute to a Pan-European sustainable logistics landscape."br" This paper explores several factors that influence the behaviour of transport and logistics companies in Europe and proposes an innovative “shared intelligence” approach, technology platform and collaborative solution for Pan-European logistics collaboration that is sensitive to supply chain sustainability challenges, yet supportive of existing tooling, systems and augmenting established logistics practices.
Abstract
The sustainability of the logistics sector is challenged by its energy consumption, pressures on GHG emissions, globalisation, increased competition and consumer behaviour [...]
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Evaluation of the Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior by Experiments and Numerical Simulations on Full-Size Pipeline Steels
Y. Madi, C. Soret, A. Lebrun, S. Hjiej, N. Osipov

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 346

Abstract
International audience; The safety of gas transportation pipelines under fatigue loading remains an important issue. The purpose of the present study is to better evaluate the fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior by carrying out analysis/predictions and experiments in full-size pipeline steels. A full characterization was made using several samples of an X42 grade pipeline steel, to characterize the monotonic and the fatigue behavior. Fatigue tests on full-scale pipeline steels under pressure loading were performed. The potential drop (PD) method applied to pressurized pipes makes it possible to monitor and quantify both crack initiation and crack propagation. These tests served as a basis for numerical comparison. Crack propagation of the full-size pipeline steel was simulated by finit element analysis (FEA) using an adaptive re-meshing approach implemented as part of the Z-set/Zebulon software. Simulation allows predicting fatigue crack growth life on pipes using results of tests on specimens as an input.
Abstract
International audience; The safety of gas transportation pipelines under fatigue loading remains an important issue. The purpose of the present study is to better evaluate [...]
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Procurement of Road Maintenance: Between knowledge loss and efficiency gains
A. Hartmann, J. Aijo, J. Roehrich, R. Hess, M. Altamirano, T. Bles

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 345

Abstract
Outsourcing of road maintenance activities to private contractors has become a typical practice across many"br" National Road Agencies (NRA). Although the involvement of the private sector offers efficiency gains, the"br" procurement of road maintenance requires from NRAs the development of a different set of skills and"br" competences and may come with the risk of losing other knowledge that cannot be easily replaced. Thus,"br" understanding the consequences of choosing an appropriate procurement strategy is essential for NRAs to be"br" competent and informed clients. The procurement practices of nine NRAs are investigated to show which"br" maintenance procurement strategies NRAs adopt, how the context can influence the procurement trajectories of"br" NRAs, what the effects are of these strategies on maintenance outcomes, and which skills and competences are"br" needed to follow certain strategies. The paper also discusses the lessons learnt of the investigated NRAs in terms"br" of level of outsourcing and contractual integration of maintenance activities.
Abstract
Outsourcing of road maintenance activities to private contractors has become a typical practice across many"br" National Road Agencies (NRA). Although the involvement of the [...]
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Learning-based network path planning for traffic engineering
Y. Wu, Y. Zuo, L. Cui, G. Min

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 344

Abstract
Recent advances in traffic engineering offer a series of techniques to address the network problems due to the explosive growth of Internet traffic. In traffic engineering, dynamic path planning is essential for prevalent applications, e.g., load balancing, traffic monitoring and firewall. Application-specific methods can indeed improve the network performance but can hardly be extended to general scenarios. Meanwhile, massive data generated in the current Internet has not been fully exploited, which may convey much valuable knowledge and information to facilitate traffic engineering. In this paper, we propose a learning-based network path planning method under forwarding constraints for finer-grained and effective traffic engineering. We form the path planning problem as the problem of inferring a sequence of nodes in a network path and adapt a sequence-to-sequence model to learn implicit forwarding paths based on empirical network traffic data. To boost the model performance, attention mechanism and beam search are adapted to capture the essential sequential features of the nodes in a path and guarantee the path connectivity. To validate the effectiveness of the derived model, we implement it in Mininet emulator environment and leverage the traffic data generated by both a real-world GEANT network topology and a grid network topology to train and evaluate the model. Experiment results exhibit a high testing accuracy and imply the superiority of our proposal.
Abstract
Recent advances in traffic engineering offer a series of techniques to address the network problems due to the explosive growth of Internet traffic. In traffic engineering, [...]
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Robot preformed CFRP rear pressure bulkhead as an example for highly automated manufacturing of large carbon fibre aircraft parts
M. Malecha

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 343

Abstract
We present our approach to an automated solution for high quantity manufacturing of a Rear Pressure Bulkhead from carbon fibre reinforced plastics in one overall process using several robots in a single robotic cell. The process contains sub-processes such as cutting and delivering material, preforming cut-pieces and in-situ non-destructive testing. The focus is set on the sub-process of preforming, where many different plies (structure and reinforcing) are identified, picked-up, draped, transferred and laid-up into the mould. Online sensors as well as subsequent measurements of fibre angles and the exact position of the placed plies provide data for process monitoring and quality assurance documentation. The paper presents the design of the overall process and its possible implementation in factory environment as well as the latest stand of the development. We also discuss the comparison between our solution and the current manual manufacturing process.
Abstract
We present our approach to an automated solution for high quantity manufacturing of a Rear Pressure Bulkhead from carbon fibre reinforced plastics in one overall process using [...]
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Operational Considerations of Passing Zones for Two-lane Highways: Spanish Case Study
J. Bessa, A. García, A. Moreno, S. Washburn, C. Llorca

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 342

Abstract
The U.S. Highway Capacity Manual (HCM 2010) methodology is used in Spain to evaluate traffic operation and quality of service. In two-lane undivided highways, the effect of limiting where drivers could pass slower vehicles, or passing restrictions, is considered through the percentage of no-passing zones. This measure does not account for how passing opportunities are distributed along the road. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect percentage of no-passing zones and average passing zone length on a two-lane highway and, if significant, incorporate them in the analysis methodology,. The TWOPAS microsimulation program was calibrated and validated to the Spanish conditions. Passing restrictions had little effect on average traffic speed (ATS), with differences lower than 6 km/h between a road segment with no passing restrictions and a road segment with a passing restriction on 100% of its length. Conversely, passing restrictions can increase the percent time spent following (PTSF) up to 30%. Increasing the passing zone length beyond 2,000 m does not improve PTSF. The new models could be used to better estimate traffic operation on Spanish two-lane highways. Document type: Article
Abstract
The U.S. Highway Capacity Manual (HCM 2010) methodology is used in Spain to evaluate traffic operation and quality of service. In two-lane undivided highways, the effect of [...]
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Time-controlled neighborhood-driven policy-based network selection algorithm for message dissemination in hybrid vehicular networks
Y. Sevilmis, J. Jiru, K. Roscher, O. Oleinichenko

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 341

Abstract
In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), successful delivery of GeoUnicast and GeoBroadcast packets depends on scenario-specific aspects like vehicle density, distribution of vehicles on the road and type of the environment (e.g., urban, rural). These aspects can significantly influence the reliability of the connection between communication parties making traditional ITS-G5 based ad hoc networks unreliable. The absence of communication partners in range, long transmission distances, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions are just a few examples that could hinder ITS-G5 transmissions. In this paper, we propose a Hybrid Policy-based Network Selection Algorithm that uses LTE to strengthen and complement ITS-G5 under critical conditions in which successful transmission over the ad hoc network is highly unlikely. The main objective is to use as less LTE transmissions as possible whilst maintaining high Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) within defined delay constraints. The results, which are derived from extensive simulation campaigns, show a clear advantage of using the hybrid scheme over solely ITS-G5 or LTE. Document type: Conference object
Abstract
In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), successful delivery of GeoUnicast and GeoBroadcast packets depends on scenario-specific aspects like vehicle density, distribution of [...]
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Strategic Multimodal Assessment of Suburban Transport Infrastructure
M. Smoliner, K. Hofer, S. Walter, M. Fellendorf

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 340

Abstract
Railway networks around medium-sized agglomerations in Europe face two major challenges: increasing capacity demands around the cities on the one hand and service cuts and infrastructure backlogs in more remote areas on the other hand. This paper presents an innovative three-stage multidisciplinary, iterative methodology for jointly handling demand, timetable, and infrastructure development. An intermodal transport model allows prediction of future intermodal transport demand taking demographic and structural changes into account. Sensitivity analyses are carried out to find the optimum of passenger frequency, infrastructure measures, and costs by varying travel time, stopping patterns and frequency, but also alternative bus services. This methodology has been applied to three railway networks, yielding infrastructure strategies ranging into the future as far ahead as 2045. Despite structural differences, the UITP goal of PTx2 could be achieved with sets of only moderate, yet targeted infrastructure measures for all three examples.
Abstract
Railway networks around medium-sized agglomerations in Europe face two major challenges: increasing capacity demands around the cities on the one hand and service cuts and [...]
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Intelligent Transport Systems in South East Europe: Towards a Common Strategic Framework for implementation
M. Miltiadou, A. Pavšek, N. Begovic, M. Petrovic, B. Radoš, Ž. Barjaktarević, M. Domoxoudis, E. Liberopoulos, D. Mladenović, U. Marjanović

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 339

Abstract
Intelligent Transport Systems can significantly contribute to a cleaner, safer, more efficient and more sustainable transport system, both for passengers and freight. In the region of the Western Balkans, the development of the Comprehensive and Core Network according to the Trans-European Networks standards, aims at the integration of this Regional Network in the European, the attraction of more international traffic flows and the increase of regional mobility. This development is the target of the regional cooperation that is coordinated by the South-East Europe Transport Observatory and the European Commission, as part of the Connectivity Agenda agreed within the Berlin Process and the relevant summits that followed for Vienna Summit. Deployment of ITS is one of the soft measures identified. In this aspect, the aim of a currently on-going ITS project, elaborated in the framework of Technical Assistance Connectivity financed by the European Commission, is to provide a strategic framework for the ITS (Road ITS, European Railway Traffic Monitoring System, River Information Systems, Vessel Traffic Monitoring Information System, e-freight) and Information Technology system (e–documents, interfaces etc) deployment in the SEE, through targeted action plans for each mode and their interfaces at regional level, but also to provide tailored-made recommendations for each beneficiary within the region, based on the European Union’s relevant legislative framework and international best practices. This paper presents the overall context and content of the ITS project, the methodology used and the current progress, in relation with the foreseen activities, which comprise the users’ needs assessment, the evaluation of legal framework and technical specifications and standards and the impacts assessment for ITS deployment, towards the definition and adoption of a common Regional Strategic Framework as a basis for further concrete actions that should tackle all related aspects (institutional, organizational, legal, technical and financial).
Abstract
Intelligent Transport Systems can significantly contribute to a cleaner, safer, more efficient and more sustainable transport system, both for passengers and freight. In the [...]
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V2X – Beyond the Horizon
O. Brandl

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 338

Abstract
During the last years, Vehicle-to-everything (“V2X”) solutions based on 5.9 GHz technology have paved the way towards the future of connected vehicles both on statutory as well as on a technical level. Consolidating those latest developments in the US and the European market sets the frame for a discussion of future V2X use cases. Some applications may be beyond todays horizon of current communication standardization but they might become highly relevant for enabling automated and autonomous vehicles to safely navigate our roads tomorrow.
Abstract
During the last years, Vehicle-to-everything (“V2X”) solutions based on 5.9 GHz technology have paved the way towards the future of connected vehicles both on statutory [...]
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A neural network-based approach for public transportation prediction with traffic density matrix
V. Scurtu, T. Zaharia, D. Panovski

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 337

Abstract
International audience; In today's modern cities, mobility is of crucial importance, and public transportation is particularly concerned. The main objective is to propose solutions to a given, practical problem, which specifically concerns the bus arrival time at various bus stop stations, by taking to account local traffic conditions. We show that a global prediction approach, under some global macro-parameters (e.g., total number of vehicles or pedestrians) is not feasible. This observation leads us to the introduction of a finer granularity approach, where the traffic conditions are represented in terms of a traffic density matrix. Under this new paradigm, the experimental results obtained with both linear and neural networks (NN) approaches show promising prediction performances. Thus, the NN approach yields 24% more accurate prediction performances than a basic, linear regression
Abstract
International audience; In today's modern cities, mobility is of crucial importance, and public transportation is particularly concerned. The main objective is to propose [...]
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Pipe§Net: The Fifth Mode of Transport for a Sustainable Future
D. Biggi, F. Cotana, C. Durach, V. Gatta, M. Pira, E. Marcucci, B. Nitsche, J. Reipert, H. Treiblmaier

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 336

Abstract
In this paper we introduce Pipe§Net, an innovative solution for the transport of goods via depressurised pipes. This technology is often referred to as the “fifth mode of transport” and constitutes a sustainable alternative to existing transport modes. The goal of Pipe§Net is to relieve congested European transportation networks and to provide a fast, reliable and safe way of transport. The pipes can easily be built alongside existing infrastructure (e.g., road, railway) and allow for the transportation of goods in standardised containers with up to 1,500 km/h. Furthermore, 70% of the energy can be recovered during the braking process which creates an energy-efficient solution. This paper introduces the objectives of Pipe§Net, discusses the concept in some detail and illustrates the expected impacts.
Abstract
In this paper we introduce Pipe§Net, an innovative solution for the transport of goods via depressurised pipes. This technology is often referred to as the “fifth mode [...]
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Leveraging Big Data To Manage Transport Operations
R. Akerkar, M. Hong

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 334

Abstract
This is the poster of LEVERAGING BIG DATA TO MANAGE TRANSPORT OPERATIONS (LeMO) project.
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Ground-level feeding systems
P. Veyrunes, P. Duprat, J. Hourtané

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 333

Abstract
a promoter of sustainable mobility and a pioneer in ground-based feeding solutions for urban rail transport, Alstom extends the use of its APS technology to road transport, accompanying the shift from petrol/diesel-powered vehicles to electrically-powered vehicles. Originally a dynamic feeding solution for catenaryless tramways, APS supplies electricity to vehicles at ground level by means of a segmented conductive rail installed on the road surface. Service proven in 7 tramway networks, the technology has undergone further developments to comply with other applications: the static recharge of autonomous trams and buses, as well as the dynamic feeding of road vehicles. APS is currently being tested for powering trucks on highways, as part of the ERS project included in a programme by the Swedish Energy Agency.
Abstract
a promoter of sustainable mobility and a pioneer in ground-based feeding solutions for urban rail transport, Alstom extends the use of its APS technology to road transport, [...]
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Traffic model for the tramway lines in new city centre of Bratislava
D. Hodáková, S. Cápayová, P. Schlosser, T. Schlosser

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 332

Abstract
The goal of this contribution is to describe the development of the public transport services in the new city centre of Bratislava, Capital of Slovak Republic. The real solution is to realize the set of three tramway lines around the new down town of the Bratislava. A huge development boom from the Danube river bank and on the edge of the Old City, where is risen up a new down town of the city. The territory specified will have around 20 high-rises with different function and there will be more than 17 500 new parking spaces (see Fig. 1). O quarter of the area is built a one third is under construction and all the tall buildings will be finished in 2025. At present, the operation of the territory is at the border of the saturation flows. The article shows a systematic traffic engineering and planning work starting with a set of traffic surveys and results for the next creating of traffic model which will be used not only for the prognosis scenarios of dynamic traffic flows but for changing the modal split for the public transport. There will be a new bus station and begins to reflect on the new tram routes. The results of extensive travel survey and the methodology of traffic modelling for improving the operation of the territory with designing the new tramway lines as a form of sustainable mobility will be shown.
Abstract
The goal of this contribution is to describe the development of the public transport services in the new city centre of Bratislava, Capital of Slovak Republic. The real solution [...]
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Cooperative Systems for Future Automated Road Transport and Traffic Management in Urban Areas
R. Blokpoel, M. Lu

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 331

Abstract
utomated road transport in urban areas will be dependent on adequate connectivity and information exchange between highly automated driving systems in vehicles and the road infrastructure, based on a cooperative or connected ICT infrastructure. The paper especially addresses the challenges of cooperative systems for future road transport and traffic management in urban areas. For this appropriate management regimes for highly automated driving in urban areas will be developed focussing to guide vehicles at signalised intersections and corridors. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems will be enhanced by using cooperative communication. The paper serves as an overview of the status of the MAVEN (Managing Automated Vehicles Enhances Network) project. It introduces the concept, the architecture, and some scenarios that were developed by the project concerning this topic. The implementation of the Local Dynamic Map, which is at the heart of the architecture, will be used to discuss the signal negotiation scenario in more detail. Lastly, road authority views on the topic are also discussed.
Abstract
utomated road transport in urban areas will be dependent on adequate connectivity and information exchange between highly automated driving systems in vehicles and the road [...]
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Automatized testing HIL system for agile product-design environment
M. Krześlak, P. Łuczak, J. Kocerka

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 330

Abstract
The stricter safety requirements in the rail industry – implied by the EN 50128 standard – contribute to an increasing demand for testing rail vehicles and their subsystems, especially vehicle main controllers. Hardware-in-the-Loop method, which is commonly used in automotive and aerospace domains, has proved to be functionally useful. However, such systems would usually exceed the budget of a development project in the railway industry, due to short series manufacturing and multiple vehicle variants. To deal with this problem Tritem Microsystems has designed Virtual-HIL which decreases the overall cost and increases portability of this kind of a system. In this paper, we present both the classic approach and our groundbreaking system, along with a use case from one of our recent projects together with an automated testing framework built on the top of our Virtual HIL.
Abstract
The stricter safety requirements in the rail industry – implied by the EN 50128 standard – contribute to an increasing demand for testing rail vehicles and their subsystems, [...]
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An integrated behavioural model for active transport mode choices
E. Dupont, T. Ceunynck, G. Wijlhuizen

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 329

Abstract
The current paper describes an integrated behavioural model that includes the main factors that can contribute to"br" a modal shift from motorized to active transport modes. It has been built based on an extensive literature review"br" of existing models from different disciplines, such as psychology, public health, urban planning and behavioural"br" economics. The model accounts for factors shaping behavioural intentions, such as attitudes, social norms and"br" perceived behavioural control, based on an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour’. But the model"br" in this paper also acknowledges the role of non-conscious, automatic influences on behaviour, such as habits."br" Habits have been consistently identified as a powerful determinant of modal choice."br" The developed model is part of the ISAAC project (“Stimulating safe walking and cycling within a multimodal"br" transport environment”). It will be one of the key elements of an interactive checklist and guidelines for urban"br" and regional decision makers and practitioners. This will support them in identifying and implementing the most"br" appropriate measures to create a modal shift towards active transport modes.
Abstract
The current paper describes an integrated behavioural model that includes the main factors that can contribute to"br" a modal shift from motorized to active transport modes. [...]
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Traffic simulation tool in service of decision makers
R. Marsetič, D. Šemrov

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 328

Abstract
In recent decades one can observe a huge increase in traffic volume on Slovenian highways, and consequently on the Ljubljana ring, where 4 main highways intersect. High traffic volumes result in traffic congestion and delays on highways, on the Ljubljana ring, and on the main roads towards and in Ljubljana. On the east side of Ljubljana is located BTC – a shopping mall, sports, entertainment and business area, with more than 500 shops. Although being one of the largest shopping and entertainment complexes in Europe, the future development of this area is foreseen. New business and shopping facilities will have a significant impact on the traffic situation. Additional traffic will decrease the level of service on the nearby roads and on the already often congested Ljubljana ring, and therefore measures for the road infrastructure will be needed. To set the optimal solution several possible infrastructure measures should be tested and evaluated, usually with the macroscopic and microscopic simulations. For the problem presented in this paper the macroscopic model was used for the traffic forecast, while the microscopic model was used for the optimization of proposed solutions.
Abstract
In recent decades one can observe a huge increase in traffic volume on Slovenian highways, and consequently on the Ljubljana ring, where 4 main highways intersect. High traffic [...]
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Dynamic Runway Configurations and Flexible Arrival/Departure Tradeoffs in Metroplex Airports
W. Ochieng, K. Han, J. Yin, Y. Ma, Y. Hu, L. Yang

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 327

Abstract
Runway system is central to airport capacity. Its inefficient ultilization has been identified as a major source of airport congestions. This paper analyzes the patterns of demand- capacity imbalance and design a series of flexible strategies for air traffic demand management (ATDM), and then optimize runway configurations in metroplex (i.e. multi-airport system) airports, under a set of tradeoff settings for arrival and departure priorities. An optimization model with 4 imbalance cases, 11 tradeoff scenarios and 2 configuration strategies, are proposed to minimize the flight holding cost and the number of adjusted flights. The proposed evolutionary algorithm can obtain close-to optimal results with a very low computational cost. A case study of the Shanghai metroplex airports shows that, compared with the traditional static strategy, the proposed dynamic strategy can significantly reduce the number of adjusted flights. The proposed framework in this paper can be applied on pre-tactical (i.e. one-day planning) as well as tactical (i.e. 2-h rolling horizon) levels, to keep the balance between high demand and limited capacity through flexible ATDM options.
Abstract
Runway system is central to airport capacity. Its inefficient ultilization has been identified as a major source of airport congestions. This paper analyzes the patterns of [...]
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A network based method to study urban sharing mobility: the case of Milan
M. Lema, A. Robbiani, M. Arnaboldi, S. Vantini

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 325

Abstract
Urban Mobility is a complex phenomenon with many actors involved that has been changing due to the diffusion of Sharing Mobility. This shifting is affecting individual habits and cities dynamics, which need to be considered by policy makers and operators for better programming services and incentives. This paper aims at improving the way sharing mobility is analyzed and monitored. We propose and test a methodology, based on the theory of networks, aimed at studying sharing mobility dynamics among the districts of a city. The method uses data tracking people’s movements made with shared vehicles, developing a set of geo-localized measures with the potential to be suited to different purposes. Insights coming from this type of analysis, can be used as a support tool for decision-making processes in the mobility field. The methodology is applied to the city of Milan with data coming from BikeMi -Milan’s bike sharing program- and Urbi, a platform that handles real-time data from car sharing providers such as Enjoy, Car2go and Share’nGo.
Abstract
Urban Mobility is a complex phenomenon with many actors involved that has been changing due to the diffusion of Sharing Mobility. This shifting is affecting individual habits [...]
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ECOCHAMPS – City Bus Application
T. Pflanz, G. Esebeck, A. Müller, R. Oswald, J. Peteranderl, W. Musil, R. Hofkirchner, C. Dougal, M. Foster

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 324

Abstract
The ECOCHAMPS project addresses the topic GV-04-2014 Hybrid Light and Heavy Duty Vehicles under"br" Horizon2020. This project is realized, through the activities of a 26-member consortium. The overall objectives"br" are to achieve efficient, compact, low weight, robust and cost effective hybrid powertrains for both passenger"br" cars and commercial vehicles, with increased functionality, improved performance, comfort, safety and"br" emissions levels below Euro 6 or VI. In particular, to achieve 10% powertrain efficiency improvements for the"br" Hybrid Bus Demonstrator and weight plus volume reductions with respect to the best in class vehicles on the"br" market at the time of proposal, whilst having a maximum of a 10% cost premium. At the time of the TRA2018,"br" the project will just be completed. The bus application, a serial hybrid vehicle with Diesel ICE, as being worked"br" on by MAN and partners in Work Package 6, will be presented in this paper.
Abstract
The ECOCHAMPS project addresses the topic GV-04-2014 Hybrid Light and Heavy Duty Vehicles under"br" Horizon2020. This project is realized, through the activities of a 26-member [...]
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A new clustering structure for VANET
L. RIVOIRARD, M. Wahl, P. SONDI, M. Berbineau, D. Gruyer

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 323

Abstract
TRA 2018, 7th Transport Research Arena, Vienne, AUTRICHE, 16-/04/2018 - 19/04/2018; The Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) paradigm offers the opportunity of extending Intelligent Transport System (ITS) by supporting its applications through vehicle-to-vehicle communications, notably in the areas where the infrastructure is inexistent, in failure, or overloaded. However, the complexity induced by ad hoc network management raises many challenges that have to be solved such as the sharing of bandwidth resources, the limitations on the duration of the connections between the vehicles, and the application-specific quality of service (QoS) requirements. Recently, the Chain-Branch-Leaf clustering scheme (CBL) has been proposed for vehicle-to-vehicle ad hoc routing that combines the information of road configuration, vehicle mobility, and link quality in order to build an efficient clustering connecting the entire VANET through a flexible backbone. This work presents a comparative study between the native Multipoint relaying clustering used in the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and CBL scheme. The results show that CBL reduces significantly the routing traffic overhead compared to native OLSR, thus freeing up more bandwidth for ITS applications and reducing the IP delays for peer-to-peer applications.
Abstract
TRA 2018, 7th Transport Research Arena, Vienne, AUTRICHE, 16-/04/2018 - 19/04/2018; The Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) paradigm offers the opportunity of extending Intelligent [...]
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Impact of connected and autonomous vehicles on the capacity of signalized intersections – Microsimulation of an intersection in Munich
T. Niels, M. Erciyas, K. Bogenberger

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 322

Abstract
In recent years, there have been several studies about the impact of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) on"br" the capacity of street networks. However, most studies consider a purely automated traffic on freeways where"br" neither human drivers nor pedestrians or bicyclists are present. With the introduction of CAVs into the urban road"br" environment, the effect of CAVs on inner-city traffic becomes more and more important. This paper focuses on"br" the impact that an increasing share of CAVs with a harmonized driving behaviour will have on the capacity of"br" signalized urban intersections. We do not only consider the scenario with pure automated traffic, but analyse"br" several scenarios with mixed traffic, where an increasing number of CAVs shares the road with human drivers as"br" well as other road users. The effects are assessed by simulating a representative signalized intersection in central"br" Munich, Germany, using real data considering the geometry of the intersection, the signal control and the traffic"br" volume. Our study shows that average waiting times at the intersection can decrease significantly.
Abstract
In recent years, there have been several studies about the impact of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) on"br" the capacity of street networks. However, most studies [...]
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Increasing cycling safety by an adaptively triggered road instrumented warning element in EU project XCYCLE
K. Gimm, S. Knake-Langhorst, M. Bottazzi

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 321

Abstract
In urban traffic, cyclists are often exposed to high risks especially when being in interaction with motorized traffic participants. Objectives of EU funded project XCYCLE (http://www.xcycle-h2020.eu) are to improve and increase cyclists’ safety. Focusing on urban traffic, the project addresses the use case of an intersection with right turning motorized traffic (especially HGV’s) and privileged cyclists going straight on."br" One of the main project activities lies in developing an infrastructural supported cooperative advanced driver assistance system (C-ADAS). Infrastructural detection and computations allow it to send situation and risk related information to the given road users (esp. the motorized traffic participant) using wireless communication standards like ITS-G5. As parts of the cooperative overall system equipped trucks and bicycles will also receive a warning. In this paper, the focus is on the concept, construction and triggering of a visual road instrumentation positively influencing gaze behavior of drivers of non-instrumented vehicles.
Abstract
In urban traffic, cyclists are often exposed to high risks especially when being in interaction with motorized traffic participants. Objectives of EU funded project XCYCLE [...]
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Application of fuzzy cognitive maps to investigate the contributors of maritime collision accidents
B. Maya, R. Kurt, O. Turan

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 320

Abstract
Maritime transport has been striving to reduce ship accidents since its origins, which results in loss of lives or"br" properties and damage for the environment. Hence, a continuous effort to enhance safety is a crucial requirement"br" for the maritime sector, for which several approaches have been tried for the past years. This paper presents the"br" first results of a study which aim is to assess the factors affecting collision accidents in order to enhance safety and"br" resilience. This aim is achieved by using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) method, which consider and evaluates"br" importance of these factor by calculating and assigning individual weights to them. Moreover, FCM appears to be"br" a suitable approach since it can take into account both, fuzzy data and past accidents experiences. Hence, in this"br" paper with the help of FCM, past accidents from the Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB) database"br" regarding collision are analysed to identify the contributors of collision accidents and their FCM weightings. Document type: Conference object
Abstract
Maritime transport has been striving to reduce ship accidents since its origins, which results in loss of lives or"br" properties and damage for the environment. Hence, a [...]
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Designing graceful degradation into complex systems: The interaction between causes of degradation and the association with degradation prevention and recovery
T. Edwards, P. Lee

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 319
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Efficient Measurement on Programmable Switches Using Probabilistic Recirculation
G. Einziger, R. Ben-Basat, O. Rottenstreich, X. Chen

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 318

Abstract
Programmable network switches promise flexibility and high throughput, enabling applications such as load balancing and traffic engineering. Network measurement is a fundamental building block for such applications, including tasks such as the identification of heavy hitters (largest flows) or the detection of traffic changes. However, high-throughput packet processing architectures place certain limitations on the programming model, such as restricted branching, limited capability for memory access, and a limited number of processing stages. These limitations restrict the types of measurement algorithms that can run on programmable switches. In this paper, we focus on the RMT programmable high-throughput switch architecture, and carefully examine its constraints on designing measurement algorithms. We demonstrate our findings while solving the heavy hitter problem. We introduce PRECISION, an algorithm that uses \\emph{Probabilistic Recirculation} to find top flows on a programmable switch. By recirculating a small fraction of packets, PRECISION simplifies the access to stateful memory to conform with RMT limitations and achieves higher accuracy than previous heavy hitter detection algorithms that avoid recirculation. We also analyze the effect of each architectural constraint on the measurement accuracy and provide insights for measurement algorithm designers. Comment: To appear in IEEE ICNP 2018
Abstract
Programmable network switches promise flexibility and high throughput, enabling applications such as load balancing and traffic engineering. Network measurement is a fundamental [...]
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Behavioral learning of aircraft landing sequencing using a society of Probabilistic Finite state Machines
H. Abbass, J. Tang

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 317

Abstract
Traffic Control (ATC) is a complex safety critical environment. A tower controller would be making many decisions in real-time to sequence aircraft. While some optimization tools exist to help the controller in some airports, even in these situations, the real sequence of the aircraft adopted by the controller is significantly different from the one proposed by the optimization algorithm. This is due to the very dynamic nature of the environment. The objective of this paper is to test the hypothesis that one can learn from the sequence adopted by the controller some strategies that can act as heuristics in decision support tools for aircraft sequencing. This aim is tested in this paper by attempting to learn sequences generated from a well-known sequencing method that is being used in the real world. The approach relies on a genetic algorithm (GA) to learn these sequences using a society Probabilistic Finite-state Machines (PFSMs). Each PFSM learns a different sub-space; thus, decomposing the learning problem into a group of agents that need to work together to learn the overall problem. Three sequence metrics (Levenshtein, Hamming and Position distances) are compared as the fitness functions in GA. As the results suggest, it is possible to learn the behavior of the algorithm/heuristic that generated the original sequence from very limited information.
Abstract
Traffic Control (ATC) is a complex safety critical environment. A tower controller would be making many decisions in real-time to sequence aircraft. While some optimization [...]
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Testing of dynamic characteristic and comfort of Indonesia automated people mover from Bandung
B. Budiwantoro, I. Suganda, A. Masyhur

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 315

Abstract
Indonesia automated people mover from Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, is a mass public transport using electric motor as its driving source and using a very clean technology that runs on a special track, so it can effectively reduce the level of traffic congestion in Bandung that are densely populated. Before it can be used by the public, the automated people mover must meet any government regulated testing to ensure the safety aspect of the passengers. One of the regulated tests is dynamic test or comfort test. The government regulation that must be met by the automated people mover is the Regulation of the Minister of Transport No. 175 of 2015. In addition, other standards are also used as a reference for testing and analysis as well as standard operating procedure (SOP). The testing process will be carried out in accordance with the standard operating procedure that have been made and used standardized test equipment on the first prototype of automated people mover in test track at Subang, West Java, Indonesia. The measurement data will be analyzed using MATLAB and compared with the selected standards. The results of the analysis of first prototype show that for ISO 2631 standard, there are no resultant r.m.s acceleration below 0.315 m/s2. According to Sperling’s ride index, riding quality for longitudinal and lateral accelerations is below 2.5 while for vertical acceleration, it is above 2.5. According to the fatigue-decreased proficiency boundaries graph, passengers can feel comfortable at average for 1 hour for longitudinal direction, 16 minutes for lateral direction, and 16 minutes for vertical direction.Indonesia automated people mover from Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, is a mass public transport using electric motor as its driving source and using a very clean technology that runs on a special track, so it can effectively reduce the level of traffic congestion in Bandung that are densely populated. Before it can be used by the public, the automated people mover must meet any government regulated testing to ensure the safety aspect of the passengers. One of the regulated tests is dynamic test or comfort test. The government regulation that must be met by the automated people mover is the Regulation of the Minister of Transport No. 175 of 2015. In addition, other standards are also used as a reference for testing and analysis as well as standard operating procedure (SOP). The testing process will be carried out in accordance with the standard operating procedure that have been made and used standardized test equipment on the first prototype of automated people mover in test track at Subang, West Java, In...
Abstract
Indonesia automated people mover from Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, is a mass public transport using electric motor as its driving source and using a very clean technology [...]
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TRAFFIC OPERATION ON A ROAD NETWORK WITH RECURRENT CONGESTION
L. Kisgyörgy, A. Szele

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 314
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Quantification of the maritime security problem onboard passenger ships
I. Gypa, E. Boulougouris, D. Vassalos

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 313

Abstract
Given the large number of recent terror attacks worldwide, there is a growing concern over the security issue in the maritime world. Aim of this paper is to address a scenario pertinent to the maritime security problem using the evacuation simulation software tool EVI. The vessel chosen for this case study is a 13-deck cruise ship. The scenario investigated deals with the evacuation of a large density populated area within the vessel, where an explosive device has been placed and assesses the potential loss of life, according to the distance of the agents relative to the explosion blast. Three different positions of the explosive device are examined in this study and for each position six different cases are examined, in which the effect of prior warning to the explosion is taken into consideration. In the first case, the explosion takes place at the beginning of the simulation (t=0) in order to replicate such a scenario in which those agents within the restaurant are un-alerted to the presence of the explosive device. In the rest of the cases the explosion takes place after warning times of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 minutes respectively in order to assess the sensitivity of the fatality rate and evacuation to prior warning time. Document type: Conference object
Abstract
Given the large number of recent terror attacks worldwide, there is a growing concern over the security issue in the maritime world. Aim of this paper is to address a scenario [...]
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Are railways ready for technologically capable societies?
S. Morretto, A. Moniz, R. Macário, D. Robinson

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 312

Abstract
There is an observed exponential technological capability of society resulting from digitalisation. BlablaCarsharing"br" in a short time impacted SNCF high-speed trains service. Are railways ready to embed new societal actors"br" in their value chain? Our study reveals that despite this industry strategic intents it lacks formal practices allowing"br" reciprocal knowledge exchanges to occur throughout the technology development process. Therefore, missing the"br" opportunity to add value from society. This way, by recurring to constructive technology assessment theory, we"br" propose a set of measures to be considered by the sector collectively under the scope of Shift2Rail. They center in"br" ensuring that reciprocal knowledge exchanges occur. Initially in shared future visions and later within"br" technological research projects. Through curated events, safeguarding a minimal risk for the industry, paying"br" attention to tailoring knowledge exchanges to the respective technology readiness level and relying on a thirdparty"br" orchestration provided by technology assessment practitioners.
Abstract
There is an observed exponential technological capability of society resulting from digitalisation. BlablaCarsharing"br" in a short time impacted SNCF high-speed trains service. [...]
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Ensuring consistency between cycle-accurate and instruction set simulators
F. Jebali, D. Potop-Butucaru

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 311

Abstract
International audience; The xMAS micro-architecture modeling language has been introduced by Intel to facilitate the formal representation and analysis of on-chip interconnect fabrics. In this paper, we introduce xMAStime, a new domain-specific language inspired by xMAS. xMAStime allows the modeling of full micro-architectures comprising certain classes of CPU pipelines, caches, and RAM. Given an in-order pipeline model in xMAStime, we automatically generate both a Cycle-Accurate, Bit-Accurate (CABA) hardware simulator and a timed instruction set simulator where time is accounted with safe upper bounds, as in the pipeline analysis step of Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) analysis. The approach relies on the theory of endochronous systems, which allows us to ensure functional equivalence and timing consistency between the two generated simulators, using a delay-insensitivity argument. xMAStime is implemented over Lucid Synchrone-a dataflow synchronous language featuring a higher order type system and type inference, which facilitate the definition of our DSL. We use the new DSL to model and synthesize simulation code for a full-fledged MIPS32-based architecture.
Abstract
International audience; The xMAS micro-architecture modeling language has been introduced by Intel to facilitate the formal representation and analysis of on-chip interconnect [...]
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Developing the CIPTEC toolbox for the promotion of Public Transport Innovation
S. Gini, G. Ambrosino, E. Genitsaris, D. Nalmpantis, B. Masson, A. Naniopoulos

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 310

Abstract
Public Transport players must become more innovative in order to provide high level of service that can better satisfy the needs of existing passengers and attract new customers at the lowest cost. Knowledge, recommendations and guidance provided in the form of a toolbox could be very beneficial for them. The aim of this paper is to (i) briefly provide a review of past and on-going initiatives such as toolboxes and toolkits that support Public Transport, highlighting this way the need for a Toolbox that will support the promotion and implementation of innovation, (ii) outline the objectives, the target audience and the structure of the Public Transport Innovation Toolbox developed in the frame of the H2020 CIPTEC project, (iii) describe the design process used for the Toolbox development, in particular related to the on-line version, and (iv) specify the main functionalities and use case scenarios supported by the on-line Toolbox. The CIPTEC Toolbox aims to comprise an online reference point for anyone interested in adopting, implementing and managing innovation in the Public Transport sector.
Abstract
Public Transport players must become more innovative in order to provide high level of service that can better satisfy the needs of existing passengers and attract new customers [...]
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Holistic characterisation of cylindrical lithium ion cells by thermal ramp experiments and simulation of failure scenarios
M. Lammer, A. Königseder, P. Gluschitz, V. Hacker, A. Golubkov, C. Essl, R. Planteu, B. Rasch, N. Köster, F. Pichler, A. Thaler, S. Seger

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 309

Abstract
method for characterising the over-temperature behaviour of lithium ion cells has been established. Single cells of the 18650 format are submitted to a heating ramp and their respective thermal behaviour, i.e. occurring exothermic and endothermic effects, is recorded. The events of gas release are monitored by ex-situ analysis using gas chromatography. The thermal response is evaluated by comparison of the trigger temperatures for degradative effects and by calculation of the respective energy. Approx. 30 kJ of heat and 6000 cm³ of gas containing more than 70% of H2 and CO have been detected. Experimental data is used to establish a 2D model, taking in account the rotational symmetry of the cylindrical cells. The simulation framework then is used for prediction of the thermal response at various heating rates. Evaluation of the safety relevant factors from experiment and simulation allows for the postulation of safety characteristics regarding different types of cell.
Abstract
method for characterising the over-temperature behaviour of lithium ion cells has been established. Single cells of the 18650 format are submitted to a heating ramp and their [...]
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TOWARDS UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF MAPATHONS – REFLECTING ON YOUTHMAPPERS EXPERIENCES
S. Coetzee, M. Minghini, P. Solis, V. Rautenbach, C. Green

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 308

Abstract
YouthMappers is a global network of student chapters actively engaged in collaborative mapping efforts, such as OpenStreetMap mapathons. Many questions have been raised about the impact of mapathons on open map data and on the participating mappers. For example, how can the social gathering and event format encourage productivity and quality, while also contributing to community building? Because YouthMappers chapters regularly host mapathons, there are frequent opportunities to investigate the impact of mapathons. In this paper, three universities involved in the YouthMappers network, located in Europe, North America and Africa, describe how mapathons are conducted at their respective universities. Incorporating mapathons into the curriculum encourages students to contribute much-needed open geospatial data for humanitarian projects. At the same time, students get practical experience in data capturing with open source tools and awareness is raised of humanitarian challenges in other parts of the world, thus nurturing socially engaged citizens for the future. The experiences at the three universities are diverse and richly contextual to the specific character of the campus and its students. These differences underscore the challenge of a common means to formally assess the impact of such events in general. Based on this exploratory research, three themes for assessing the impact of mapathons are proposed: the volume and quality of open geographic data produced during mapathons; the social and personal growth of the students attending the mapathons; and the changes in university programs and curricula introduced as a result of the mapathons.
Abstract
YouthMappers is a global network of student chapters actively engaged in collaborative mapping efforts, such as OpenStreetMap mapathons. Many questions have been raised about [...]
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Improving heavy vehicle safety and road transport efficiency: a Performance-Based Standards approach in South Africa
P. Nordengen, C. Saxe, R. Berman, A. Steenkamp, J. Deiss

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 306

Abstract
part of a performance-based standards (PBS) research programme for heavy vehicles in South Africa, a need"br" was identified to design and operate a number of PBS demonstration vehicles in a pilot project. The purpose of"br" the project is to gain practical experience in the PBS approach and to quantify and evaluate the potential"br" infrastructure preservation, safety and productivity benefits for road freight transport. To date, 450 permits for"br" PBS demonstration vehicles (including 200 car-carriers) have been issued. The pilot project reached the minimum"br" target of 100 million PBS vehicle kilometres in June 2017. The project has shown significant improvements with"br" a reduction in the crash rate of 39% compared with the baseline fleet. Significant financial savings have also been"br" recorded with a weighted average reduction in trips of 28% and an average reduction of 12.2% in fuel consumption"br" and CO2 emissions. The project has thus far shown the possibility to improve heavy vehicle safety and decrease"br" road freight transport costs by several percentage points. This paper provides an overview of the PBS pilot project"br" including measured benefits based on the monitoring data.
Abstract
part of a performance-based standards (PBS) research programme for heavy vehicles in South Africa, a need"br" was identified to design and operate a number of PBS demonstration [...]
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Awareness and behaviour of road tunnel users: what headway has been made since the 2000s?
J. Putzola, M. Escoffier, M. Potier, E. Marano, A. Bacelar

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 304

Abstract
The safety of a road tunnel depends not only on its design and operation, but also on the users’ knowledge of the"br" tunnel. Therefore, in France, the Centre for Tunnel Studies (CETU) conducted in 2004 a qualitative survey focused"br" on tunnel users’ knowledge of the tunnel and its equipment. Following this survey, several actions were"br" implemented and in order to measure their impact, a similar survey was conducted in 2015. It highlighted an"br" improved knowledge of existing safety equipment especially of the blue marker lights on side walls designed to"br" help drivers maintain an appropriate safety distance."br" In order to check this knowledge of the blue marker lights, CETU designed a regulatory road sign and tested its"br" installation at the entrance to the Foix tunnel in the Occitanie region. At the end of 2016, approximately 600 users"br" were questioned on their understanding of the road sign in a survey, which was conducted via Internet and via a"br" questionnaire hand-delivered to participants’ homes.
Abstract
The safety of a road tunnel depends not only on its design and operation, but also on the users’ knowledge of the"br" tunnel. Therefore, in France, the Centre for Tunnel [...]
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Ethical issues in road safety policy-making
W. Berghe

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 302

Abstract
Road safety policy-making often requires a balanced consideration of different societal viewpoints and the possibly differing interests of a range of stakeholders. This paper discusses the main ethical perspectives that are at play in policy making in road safety. First, it is shown that ethical considerations are a vital part of road safety policy. Subsequently, five important ethical principles are identified that are key to road safety and that are applicable both to the individual level as to the policy level. These key ethical principles are: avoiding harm (which is the core value); individual freedom; assuming responsibility; fairness and equity; and respect for privacy. It is shown how each of these ethical principles are related to (possible) measures and regulation in road safety. Examples are given which illustrate that policy choices are often related to conflicts between these principles, or even to conflicts within a single principle. It is also shown how the ethical principles and examples can be related to classical ethical theories and schools of thought such as utilitarianism, deontologism, libertarianism and egalitarianism.
Abstract
Road safety policy-making often requires a balanced consideration of different societal viewpoints and the possibly differing interests of a range of stakeholders. This paper [...]
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2-wheel personal rapid transit: Self-driving vehicles for maximum sustainability
H. Buschbacher

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 301

Abstract
The topic of this paper is a concept for socially and ecologically sustainable passenger transportation in rural and suburban areas, based on the idea of driverless cabin motorcycles running on an own, segregated guideway network. It describes the functioning principle, characteristics of vehicles and route network and possible effects on cross-modal competition and intermodal travel chains. Finally, estimations upon costs and resource consumption as well as regulatory aspects are discussed.
Abstract
The topic of this paper is a concept for socially and ecologically sustainable passenger transportation in rural and suburban areas, based on the idea of driverless cabin [...]
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Features of the definition of objects of protection for objects such as "road transport infrastructure"
A. Mikhailov

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 300
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Backpropagating through Structured Argmax using a SPIGOT
H. Peng, S. Thomson, N. Smith

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 299

Abstract
We introduce the structured projection of intermediate gradients optimization technique (SPIGOT), a new method for backpropagating through neural networks that include hard-decision structured predictions (e.g., parsing) in intermediate layers. SPIGOT requires no marginal inference, unlike structured attention networks (Kim et al., 2017) and some reinforcement learning-inspired solutions (Yogatama et al., 2017). Like so-called straight-through estimators (Hinton, 2012), SPIGOT defines gradient-like quantities associated with intermediate nondifferentiable operations, allowing backpropagation before and after them; SPIGOT's proxy aims to ensure that, after a parameter update, the intermediate structure will remain well-formed. We experiment on two structured NLP pipelines: syntactic-then-semantic dependency parsing, and semantic parsing followed by sentiment classification. We show that training with SPIGOT leads to a larger improvement on the downstream task than a modularly-trained pipeline, the straight-through estimator, and structured attention, reaching a new state of the art on semantic dependency parsing. Comment: ACL 2018
Abstract
We introduce the structured projection of intermediate gradients optimization technique (SPIGOT), a new method for backpropagating through neural networks that include hard-decision [...]
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Evaluation of the performance of rubber-modified bitumen
J. Kraft, A. Blasl, F. Wellner

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 298

Abstract
The paper discusses the effect of the amount and particle size of rubber on the properties of rubber-modified"br" bitumen. Therefore, rubber-modified bitumen with rubber contents of 10, 15 and 20 % and a variation of the"br" particle size from small (0.4 mm) to middle (0.8 mm) and up to big (1.0 mm) were prepared in laboratory by using"br" a paving bitumen 50/70 as reference bitumen. Additionally, a polymer-modified bitumen (PmB 25/55-55), which"br" is commonly used in asphalt wearing and binder courses, was involved in the investigations to verify the"br" modification states. Different laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the influence of the selected rubber"br" particles. At first, the impact of the rubber modifications on conventional bitumen tests are presented. Furthermore,"br" DSR tests were conducted to determine performance related bitumen properties. DSR results have also been used"br" to determine the rutting susceptibility. In addition, the binders were rated to their fatigue damage resistance by"br" applying repeated load cycles using the DSR test device as well. Following, the paper gives recommendations in"br" terms of the use of rubber-modified binders for asphalt pavements.
Abstract
The paper discusses the effect of the amount and particle size of rubber on the properties of rubber-modified"br" bitumen. Therefore, rubber-modified bitumen with rubber contents [...]
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The RINGO project, identifying research infrastructure needs and gaps to foster innovation in aeronautical research in Europe
S. Brautmeier, E. Stumpf, R. Paassen, R. Bur, M. Streichfuss, R. Suikat

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 297

Abstract
This paper presents the RINGO (“Research Infrastructures – Needs, Gaps and Overlap”) project, a Coordination"br" and Support Action funded by the European Commission under H2020, and its approach for the identification"br" and assessment of needs, gaps and overlaps for strategic aviation research infrastructures in Europe. The"br" identification of research infrastructure needs to work towards the goals laid out in Flightpath 2050 produced by"br" the Advisory Council for Aviation Research and innovation in Europe (ACARE) will be performed by expert"br" interviews based on the Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA), which serves as a roadmap for"br" aeronautical research for the next decades. The creation of a catalogue of existing research infrastructure is based"br" on available inventories and an additional search for specific needs dependent on interview outcomes. The"br" following synthesis and matching of needed and existing infrastructures will yield information about gaps and"br" overlaps. Initial results of expert interviews and first identified, existing research infrastructures are presented.
Abstract
This paper presents the RINGO (“Research Infrastructures – Needs, Gaps and Overlap”) project, a Coordination"br" and Support Action funded by the European Commission [...]
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PREMiUM – Understanding network-level measurement and management of road equipment
A. Wright, E. Benbow, R. Spielhofer, C. Geem, A. Weninger-Vyucudil, C. Carey, L. Sjögren, T. Casey

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 296

Abstract
The PREMiUM project aims to deliver improvements in the ability to manage road equipment at the network level, focusing on road markings, road signs, vehicle restraint systems and noise barriers. The key condition characteristics a road administration should include in their asset management strategy to manage the risks of loss of performance have been established. Following this, the views of users were sought on the characteristics that should be measured at the network level to manage the risks of loss of performance, and the alternative technologies available to obtain this data identified. The project has proposed survey regimes that could be implemented, subject to suitable development, to provide the key condition data that would assist in understanding and managing these assets. It has then considered the parameters that such a network level monitoring regime would provide, and proposed a set of condition indicators that could be utilised to quantify the condition of each of the assets, and how these could be used to assist in targeting maintenance planning.
Abstract
The PREMiUM project aims to deliver improvements in the ability to manage road equipment at the network level, focusing on road markings, road signs, vehicle restraint systems [...]
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One solution for measurement of wheel-rail contact forces
M. Bižić, D. Petrović, M. Tomić, Z. Djinović

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 295

Abstract
This paper presents one solution for measurement of wheel-rail contact forces by using instrumented wheelset developed at the Faculty of Mechanical and Civil Engineering in Kraljevo, Serbia. In addition to measurement of wheel-rail contact forces which is necessary for assessment of safety against derailment in accordance to the standards UIC 518 and EN 14363, the developed solution enables measurement of location of wheel-rail contact point. The optimal ways for solution of key problems in development of instrumented wheelsets are proposed. Identification of parameters to be measured is based on the method of blind signal separation (BSS) using independent component analysis (ICA). The developed solution is validated by experimental testing of prototype of instrumented wheelset on specially designed test stand. It was concluded that developed solution enables reliable testing of safety against derailment of railway vehicles, while measurement error of derailment coefficient is less than 10%, that corresponding to the latest world solutions.
Abstract
This paper presents one solution for measurement of wheel-rail contact forces by using instrumented wheelset developed at the Faculty of Mechanical and Civil Engineering in [...]
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Does competition in the housing market cause transport poverty? Interrelations of residential location choice and mobility
L. Sterzer

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 294

Abstract
Introduction This contribution examines the impact of the housing market on daily mobility and is based on the assumption that, in a supply-dominated housing market, as availability and affordability decline, many people must compromise, particularly on accessibility-related decision criteria when searching for a residential location. This applies even more to households with low financial flexibility, which can neither bear the high cost of housing in accessible inner-city neighborhoods nor afford the higher cost of mobility in less well-connected suburban areas. Methods These interrelations are examined in a current study in more detail by means of problem-centered qualitative interviews highlighting the situation of low-income households, using the Munich Metropolitan Region as an example. This paper gives an overview of interrelations and presents selected results of the study. Results Low-income households do not change their residential location unless it is really necessary. If they do move, they are nearly unable to optimize their location in order to have better access to destinations. Whereas they are able to change some destinations, there are also some immutable destinations, which lead to an increase in effort spent on transport. Conclusions All in all the insights presented confirm the suggested assumptions. They show the very limited residential choices low-income households have, but leave room for further evaluations on possible implications. Document type: Article
Abstract
Introduction This contribution examines the impact of the housing market on daily mobility and is based on the assumption that, in a supply-dominated housing market, as availability [...]
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Novice drivers' eye movement patterns in potentially hazardous pedestrian events: Differences between novice drivers with high and low hazard perception skills
L. Ābele, S. Haustein, M. Møller

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 293

Abstract
This study examines drivers’ fixation sequences and compares them to the responsiveness measured in a driving simulator. The assessment is based on a comparison of driving simulator based hazard detection skills with eye movement patterns. Sixty-three 18-24-year-old male drivers’ response to a pedestrian potentially crossing the street was examined and used as indicator of hazard perception skills (HPS). Drivers’ eye movements were examined to gain information about differences in scanning patterns between drivers with high and low HPS. Drivers with high HPS, fixated on the pedestrian continuously and had more multiple fixations on the standing pedestrian than drivers with low HPS. Moreover, more drivers that did not respond to the hazard did not fixate on the speedometer and if they did so, then mostly only once. The results show that novice drivers with high HPS differ in their eye movement patterns from drivers with low HPS. Moreover, drivers with low HPS pose an even higher risk as they consider their speed less often than drivers with high HPS.
Abstract
This study examines drivers’ fixation sequences and compares them to the responsiveness measured in a driving simulator. The assessment is based on a comparison of driving [...]
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Empowering International, Intersectoral and Interdisciplinary Dimensions in Higher Education: The STEPS and EECPS Master Courses Experience
F. Capponi, P. Arboleya, C. Agreira, J. Garcia, M. Perdigao, C. Gonzalez-Moran, G. Donato, P. Pereirinha, A. Williams, A. Castellazzi, P. Garcia, J. Garcia

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 147

Abstract
IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) (2019. Hanoi, Vietnam) This work has been partially supported by: the EACEA, Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency from the European Commission, under Erasmus + Programme, Grant No. 574442-EPP-1-2016-1-ESEPPKA1-JMD-MOB, EMJMD STEPS; the Government of the Principality of Asturias, Spain, under Grant No. FC-GRUPIN-IDI/2018/000241; and by FCT Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under Project UID/MULTI/00308/2019. Document type: Conference object
Abstract
IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) (2019. Hanoi, Vietnam) This work has been partially supported by: the EACEA, Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive [...]
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Comparison of real driving emissions and chassis dynamometer tests on emissions of two fuels in three Euro 6 diesel cars
R. Williams, H. Hamje, J. Andersson, P. Ziman

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 292

Abstract
Real driving emissions (RDE) from passenger cars has come under close scrutiny in recent times due to a perceived divergence between stated certification performance and measured on-road performance. This has been most pointed in the case of NOx emissions from diesel cars. To build understanding of the emissions performance of latest available diesel passenger cars, Concawe has conducted a study of the chassis dynamometer (CD) and RDE performance of three vehicles. As well as Diesel Particulate Filters, (DPFs) two of the vehicles featured high and low pressure Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and aqueous urea-dosed Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) after-treatment, whilst the third used high pressure EGR and was fitted with a Lean NOx Trap (LNT). For each vehicle, triplicate tests were conducted over RDE, WLTC, NEDC and US06 cycles. The data generated provides insights into the on-road emissions performance of latest diesel passenger cars and how this compares to regulated emissions limits and results from CD tests run under comparable conditions. The study also examines fuel effects over RDE cycles in these modern vehicles.
Abstract
Real driving emissions (RDE) from passenger cars has come under close scrutiny in recent times due to a perceived divergence between stated certification performance and measured [...]
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Impact of Heavier and Longer Vehicles on the Performance of Asphalt Pavements
S. Erlingsson, A. Ahmed, M. Rahman

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 291

Abstract
Longer and heavier vehicles (LHVs) have been permitted to operate in Sweden. Since 1996 and as of the beginning"br" of 2015, the maximum gross vehicle weight of 60 tonnes and a length of up to 25.25 m have been permitted. The"br" Swedish Transport Administration has decided to further increase the maximum gross vehicle weight to 74 tonnes."br" The axle load limits are on the other hand not increased. This will therefore increase the number of multiple axle"br" groups (i.e. tandem and tridem axle groups) per heavy vehicle. Studies are under way to evaluate the impact of the"br" proposed LHVs on the existing transport infrastructure. Repeated load triaxial tests and indirect tensile fatigue"br" tests have been conducted on selected conventional asphalt mixtures to investigate and quantify the impact of"br" single, tandem and tridem axle configurations on permanent deformation and fatigue performances of conventional"br" asphalt pavements. In addition, fatigue tests for selected LHV scenarios were conducted. This paper presents the"br" results of the laboratory tests and simulations conducted. The test results have clearly demonstrated the impact of"br" the different axle configurations on the rutting and fatigue performances of the mixture. Furthermore, such results"br" can explain the significance of axle configuration on the rutting and fatigue performances of asphalt pavements.
Abstract
Longer and heavier vehicles (LHVs) have been permitted to operate in Sweden. Since 1996 and as of the beginning"br" of 2015, the maximum gross vehicle weight of 60 tonnes [...]
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The SaveMyBike Project: ITS Technologies and Rewarding Policies to Improve Sustainable Mobility in Cities
M. Petri, A. Pratelli, A. Farina, A. Buffi, V. Franchina, P. Nepa, S. Giannecchini, C. Iasio

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 290

Abstract
Private car mobility registers a high accident rate and, in addition, in 2014 in the EU-28, around 70% of the overall"br" CO2 emissions from transport were generated by road mode. As a result, a modal shift of at least a part of passenger"br" transport in urban areas, from private car to sustainable transport systems is desirable. Several policies have been"br" adopted in the EU in this direction. The SaveMyBike project regards the development of a rewarding system for"br" sustainable mobility based on an open source platform able to monitor systematically trips in the city, starting to"br" integrate the platform with a service to incentive private bike use by means of UHF-RFID systems, creating secure"br" areas for bike parking and finding stolen bicycles. The real testing application to the Livorno case study from the"br" beginning of 2018. Then, SaveMyBike project introduces four innovations: it’s, for the first time, an open source"br" rewarding platform, called GOOD_GO linked to an anti-theft system for private bikes, it is applied to a whole city"br" and it introduces a ‘financially hot system’ for municipalities able to find financial resource from bike services.
Abstract
Private car mobility registers a high accident rate and, in addition, in 2014 in the EU-28, around 70% of the overall"br" CO2 emissions from transport were generated by road [...]
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Torque control strategy for an axial flux switched reluctance machine
A. Egea, J. Poza, G. Ugalde

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 289

Abstract
This paper reflects the work done to design a torque control strategy for an axial flux switched reluctance machine. The general electrical model is first presented but as the switched reluctance machine behaves nonlinearly1 a (three-dimensional) finite element method characterization is performed, so the nonlinearity may be considered. Once the machine is characterized in FEM a Simulink model is developed where a torque control strategy is proposed. Then, both the machine and the control are experimentally tested. The control setting, and the obtained real performance results are also presented in this document. Finally, the most outstanding conclusions about the control strategy are captured. Main difficulties encountered during the implementation of the control strategy are also collected. Document type: Conference object
Abstract
This paper reflects the work done to design a torque control strategy for an axial flux switched reluctance machine. The general electrical model is first presented but as [...]
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Improvement of crash behavior in a light urban electric vehicle
J. Romo, D. Horwatitsch, J. Pérez, K. Lipp

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 288

Abstract
Urban-EV applies innovative manufacturing technologies and materials to produce a 2-seat urban electric"br" vehicle with enhanced range: 150km. Attending to weight and power targets, the vehicle is classified as L7e,"br" heavy quadricycle. The aim of the project is to design and test urban electric vehicles with crash behavior similar"br" to conventional vehicles. The crash configurations considered for the design include both the ones in the"br" Regulation and also the ones done by Euro NCAP. For achieving this target new materials and processes and"br" also innovative joining processes have been optimized. The result is a very light multi-material structure that"br" includes innovative solutions for energy absorption based on the use of low cost structural thermoplastic"br" components. The paper includes the description of the structure optimization process and also of the restrain"br" system that presents specific characteristics to be adapted to this kind of vehicles.
Abstract
Urban-EV applies innovative manufacturing technologies and materials to produce a 2-seat urban electric"br" vehicle with enhanced range: 150km. Attending to weight and power [...]
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A Cognitive IoT Monitoring and Support System for Elderly Care
H. R., B. T., R. D., M. N., M. E., M. B., M. G., C. P., S. R., C. R., N. S.

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 143

Abstract
Ubiquitous computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) are enabling the possibility to provide remote health-care services through networks of environmental and personalized sensors. We present an e-health system, which collects real-life sensor data through motion, door and pressure sensors installed at elderly households. Daily activity and health status are extracted from raw sensor signals. We present different ways to detect abnormal behaviors, based on which personalized health-care services can be provided. Such systems minimize user input and interaction, thus could offer a long-term practical service.
Abstract
Ubiquitous computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) are enabling the possibility to provide remote health-care services through networks of environmental and personalized [...]
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Short-Term and Long-Term Solutions for Secure Verification of Aircraft- Reported ADS-B Location in Air Traffic Networks
N. Manuel, D. Li

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 287
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Fe3: An Evaluation Tool for Low-Altitude Air Traffic Operations
Z. Zhu, A. Ishihara, M. Xue, J. Silva, J. Rios

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 286
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HIDDEN DANGEROUS GOODS CONTAINING LITHIUM BATTERIES SHIPMENT BY AIR FREIGHT
M. Rifni, L. Agustin, N. Septiara

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 285

Abstract
Lithium batteries recently become recommended power sources due to its advantages which have high specific energy, high capacity, long cycle, etc. The development of lithium batteries pushes the development and production of electonic equipments to the next step. As the effect, the demand for electronic equipment shipments rises. Besides creating opportunities, lithium batteries also pose threats due to its capability of posing hazards which endanger flight safety. In air transport history, there are many accidents occured due to lithium batteries carriages. One of the factors that induces lithium battery deficiency is mishandling due to inaccurate information about the goods. A lot of goods that may contain lithium battery such as electronic equipment, medical equipment, machinery parts, etc. often declared as general cargo by the shipper. To prevent and minimize accident caused by hidden dangerous goods, air carrier staffs are demanded to comprehend informations related to dangerous goods. This paper explains a glimpse of information about hidden dangerous goods containing lithium batteries shipment by air freight. Keywords : Lithium batteries, air cargo, hidden, dangerous goods, safety.
Abstract
Lithium batteries recently become recommended power sources due to its advantages which have high specific energy, high capacity, long cycle, etc. The development of lithium [...]
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The waterway Danube as smart transport infrastructure of the future
M. Hoffmann, A. Haberl, T. Hartl, M. Simoner, H. Hasenbichler

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 284

Abstract
Providing efficient and environmentally friendly multi-modal transport infrastructures is the key to economic"br" growth, competitiveness, and sustainability. Developing technologies and services for an increased availability"br" and accessibility of inland waterways is a way of strengthening this mode of transport as a competitive alternative"br" to road and rail. In Austria viadonau is taking this approach a few steps further, aiming to establish the waterway"br" Danube as a smart transport infrastructure of the future. The paper will provide an overview on recent"br" achievements and ongoing developments allowing for a seamless cyclic process in the field of waterway"br" infrastructure management. With semi-automatic analysis and measure planning, viadonau's Waterway Asset"br" Management System (WAMS) enables the implementation of pro-active maintenance strategies, including an"br" ongoing assessment and optimization of planned maintenance and construction activities. In addition, the"br" developed services compute all actual information which is needed for an efficient management and navigation.
Abstract
Providing efficient and environmentally friendly multi-modal transport infrastructures is the key to economic"br" growth, competitiveness, and sustainability. Developing technologies [...]
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SciPipe: A workflow library for agile development of complex and dynamic bioinformatics pipelines
S. Lampa, M. Dahlö, J. Alvarsson, O. Spjuth

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 283

Abstract
Background"/jats:title""jats:p"The complex nature of biological data has driven the development of specialized software tools. Scientific workflow management systems simplify the assembly of such tools into pipelines, assist with job automation and aid reproducibility of analyses. Many contemporary workflow tools are specialized and not designed for highly complex workflows, such as with nested loops, dynamic scheduling and parametriza-tion, which is common in e.g. machine learning."/jats:p""/jats:sec""jats:sec""jats:title"Findings"/jats:title""jats:p"SciPipe is a workflow programming library implemented in the programming language Go, for managing complex and dynamic pipelines in bioinformatics, cheminformatics and other fields. SciPipe helps in particular with workflow constructs common in machine learning, such as extensive branching, parameter sweeps and dynamic scheduling and parametrization of downstream tasks. SciPipe builds on Flow-based programming principles to support agile development of workflows based on a library of self-contained, reusable components. It supports running subsets of workflows for improved iterative development, and provides a data-centric audit logging feature that saves a full audit trace for every output file of a workflow, which can be converted to other formats such as HTML, TeX and PDF on-demand. The utility of SciPipe is demonstrated with a machine learning pipeline, a genomics, and a transcriptomics pipeline."/jats:p""/jats:sec""jats:sec""jats:title"Conclusions"/jats:title""jats:p"SciPipe provides a solution for agile development of complex and dynamic pipelines, espe-cially in machine leaning, through a flexible programming API suitable for scientists used to programming or scripting."/jats:p""/jats:sec Document type: Article
Abstract
Background"/jats:title""jats:p"The complex nature of biological data has driven the development of specialized software tools. Scientific workflow management systems simplify [...]
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Ecosystems in Winter Road Maintenance and C-ITS
A. Aapaoja

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 282
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Trafisafe - Parental feedback for novice drivers
M. Gatscha, S. Mynttinen, C. Grand

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 281

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of parental feedback on novice driver behavior in the first 6"br" months of driving, aided by telematic data. A sample of 74 pairs of male novice drivers and their parents was"br" randomly allocated to an intervention group (IG) or a control group (CG). Parents of the IG received weekly email"br" safety reports, allowing parents to provide feedback about their kids´ solo driving. Questionnaires for both novice"br" drivers and parents were used to analyze acceptance. Results indicate that parental feedback aided by telematic"br" data seem to have beneficial effects on teen driving as risky driving events were lower in the IG once feedback"br" was established, statistically different from the 3rd usage month onwards. Questionnaire results also suggest"br" positive influence on IG individual driving style and showed a good acceptance of the provided tools among users."br" Authors recommend telematic-aided parental feedback to reduce young driver risk directly after licensing.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of parental feedback on novice driver behavior in the first 6"br" months of driving, aided by telematic data. A sample [...]
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Fluid Model Transformation in Pipelines for Fault Diagnosis Analysis
J. Villanueva, M. Verde

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 280
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Study on the Improvement of Traffic Congestion by Community Open
J. Zhang, Y. Wei, Q. Zhu

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 279
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Local Event Forecasting and Synthesis Using Unpaired Deep Graph Translations
L. Zhao, X. Guo, Y. Gao

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 278

Abstract
Local rare event forecasting and synthesis on networks are highly useful for emergence management. For example, synthesizing traffic congestion and disease diffusion over the road network and disease-contact network respectively of specific geo-locations is highly important for transportation planning and disease outbreaks intervention. This task requires to learn how the events of congestion or disease "translate" the graph patterns from source mode (e.g., without event) to target mode (e.g., with event) based on historical data for some locations. Then it needs to apply such "translation" upon a source-mode graph pattern in a new location's network, in order to estimate and foresee what it will look like in target-mode in this location. Such task is called graph translation, which is an analogy and generalization to image and text translation. Similar to the situations in image and text translation, paired training data, which consists of pairs of source-mode graph and its corresponding target-mode, will usually not be available. In this work, we propose an approach for learn the translation of graphs from source-mode to target-mode such that the generated target-mode is indistinguishable from the distribution of the real target-mode using an adversarial loss. Because there is no paired training data, we also learn an inverse translation from target-mode to source-mode and couple these two translation mappings through cycle consistency loss. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world application data demonstrate that the proposed approaches is capable of generating graphs close to real target graphs. Case studies on the synthesized networks have also been illustrated and analyzed to show the reasonableness of the generated target-mode graphs.
Abstract
Local rare event forecasting and synthesis on networks are highly useful for emergence management. For example, synthesizing traffic congestion and disease diffusion over [...]
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Towards Intelligent Mobility: The Mobility Intelligent Cooperative Systems (MOBICS) Platform
A. Osório, L. Moura, R. Costa, P. Borges

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 277

Abstract
Intelligent Mobility (IM) is a growing development area challenging an integrated management and operations of"br" diversity (heterogeneous) of both cyber-physical and informatics (systems) infrastructures. The approach that has"br" been taken by A-to-Be, powered by Brisa in the SCOOP@F Part 2 project on developing cooperative systems"br" assuring the interoperability among different road operators and across borders, based on vehicle to"br" vehicle/infrastructure (V2X) communications, is presented and discussed. The project is challenging making"br" transparent the specificities of the involved stakeholders for drivers from Portugal, Spain, France, and Austria to"br" freely travel multi-concessions and multi-country road infrastructures under a continuous offering of a suite of"br" mobility services. This requires, beyond a proper operation of the On-Board Units (OBU), an efficient coordination"br" among the participating road operators’ infrastructure (stakeholders). Collaborative models where stakeholders"br" with different technologies, processes, and organizational culture are invited to participate is also discussed.
Abstract
Intelligent Mobility (IM) is a growing development area challenging an integrated management and operations of"br" diversity (heterogeneous) of both cyber-physical and informatics [...]
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On low-latency-capable topologies, and their impact on the design of intra-domain routing
N. Gvozdiev, B. Karp, S. Vissicchio, M. Handley

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 276

Abstract
n ISP's customers increasingly demand delivery of their traffic without congestion and with low latency. The ISP's topology, routing, and traffic engineering, often over multiple paths, together determine congestion and latency within its backbone. We first consider how to measure a topology's capacity to route traffic without congestion and with low latency. We introduce low-latency path diversity (LLPD), a metric that captures a topology's flexibility to accommodate traffic on alternative low-latency paths. We explore to what extent 116 real backbone topologies can, regardless of routing system, keep latency low when demand exceeds the shortest path's capacity. We find, perhaps surprisingly, that topologies with good LLPD are precisely those where routing schemes struggle to achieve low latency without congestion. We examine why these schemes perform poorly, and offer an existence proof that a practical routing scheme can achieve a topology's potential for congestion-free, low-delay routing. Finally we examine implications for the design of backbone topologies amenable to achieving high capacity and low delay.
Abstract
n ISP's customers increasingly demand delivery of their traffic without congestion and with low latency. The ISP's topology, routing, and traffic engineering, often over multiple [...]
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Computer Vision-Based Dynamic Monitoring of Multimodal Traffic in Streets
I. Goodman, P. Thege, T. Pham

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 275

Abstract
Inadequate pedestrian and cycling infrastructure in city streets puts non-motorists across the globe at fatal risk."br" One reason for the severity of these public health and safety problems is a lack of accurate, representative data on"br" the usage of urban streets across transit modes. Unfortunately, attempts to fill this gap in understanding have been"br" limited over time by the prohibitively low reliability or high cost of current methods. Computer vision (CV)"br" systems offer a scalable and accurate platform with which to monitor traffic that overcome the sampling biases"br" imposed by most traffic measurement solutions. One such system is Numina, a standalone sensor and data platform"br" that leverages computer vision and machine learning to count and map the travel paths of street users in real time."br" Numina can concurrently detect and track travellers representing any mode of traffic and performs the majority of"br" image processing onboard each device itself, resulting in anonymized traffic data that is protective of personal"br" privacy. Using Numina and similar CV systems to enable an iterative approach to urban planning can mitigate"br" some of the risks and costs associated with legacy traffic data collection methods.
Abstract
Inadequate pedestrian and cycling infrastructure in city streets puts non-motorists across the globe at fatal risk."br" One reason for the severity of these public health [...]
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INFRALERT. Improving Linear Transport Infrastructure Efficiency by Automated Learning and Optimised Predictive Maintenance Techniques
N. Jiménez-Redondo, Á. Cordón, U. Kandler, A. Simroth, A. Reyes, F. Morales, J. Odelius, S. Famurewa, J. Morgado, E. Duarte, D. Iorio, M. Fruttero, A. Juszt

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 274

Abstract
The on-going H2020 project INFRALERT aims to increase rail and road infrastructure capacity in the current"br" framework of increased transportation demand by developing and deploying solutions to optimise maintenance"br" interventions planning. INFRALERT develops an ICT platform - the expert-based Infrastructure Management"br" System eIMS - which follows a modular approach including several expert-based toolkits. This paper presents"br" the architecture of the eIMS as well as the functionalities, methodologies and exemplary results of the toolkits"br" for i) nowcasting and forecasting of asset condition, ii) alert generation, iii) RAMS & LCC analysis and iv)"br" decision support. The applicability and effectiveness of the eIMS and its toolkits will be demonstrated in two"br" real-world pilot scenarios, which are described in the paper: a meshed road network in Portugal under the"br" jurisdiction of Infraestruturas de Portugal (IP) and a freight railway line in Northern Europe managed by"br" Trafikverket.
Abstract
The on-going H2020 project INFRALERT aims to increase rail and road infrastructure capacity in the current"br" framework of increased transportation demand by developing and [...]
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All for one and one for all: towards a one-stop-shop, all inclusive mobility future!
E. Bekiaris, M. Gkemou

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 273

Abstract
To provide personalised and multimodal urban, interurban and cross-border mobility services through an all inclusive one stop shop by promoting the replacement of private ownership by private use through an all in one single payment and Mobility Token mobile app.
Abstract
To provide personalised and multimodal urban, interurban and cross-border mobility services through an all inclusive one stop shop by promoting the replacement of private [...]
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Driving dynamic investigations for the estimation of possible braking energy recovery of passenger cars in Germany
C. Piasecki

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 272

Abstract
Road traffic represents an important source of air quality problems, particularly in urban areas. Hence,"br" innovative drive solutions as the electrification of the vehicle drive train are of emerging importance as electricand"br" hybrid vehicles offer the possibility of local emission-free driving."br" The recoverable braking energy profit depends crucially on the number and the characteristics of the braking"br" process which are characterized predominately by the driving behavior and the prevailing traffic situation. Only"br" such braking phases lead to high energy recovery, in which the deceleration process is attributable to the electric"br" machine. Based on a traffic situation- / braking phase analysis, it is estimated which traffic situations are"br" particularly suitable for possible energy recuperation and what share they have to total road traffic in Germany."br" For this purpose, passenger cars traffic data from the transport emission model TREMOD is analyzed and"br" evaluated in terms of relevant dynamic parameters related to braking operations.
Abstract
Road traffic represents an important source of air quality problems, particularly in urban areas. Hence,"br" innovative drive solutions as the electrification of the vehicle [...]
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Mobility patterns and impact on the grid
J. Montoya Cardona, S. Bellekom

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 271
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Traffic pollution: A search for solutions for a city like Nairobi
F. Pope, M. Tight, F. Rajé

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 270

Abstract
Congestion and traffic-related pollution are typically the largest contributors to air pollution in cities. Rapid urbanization in developing countries has caused large-scale proliferation in motor vehicle use making cities increasingly congested and, subsequently, polluted. There is a growing awareness that the air quality status quo in East African cities is unacceptable. This paper uses the case of Nairobi, Kenya to discuss current traffic pollution challenges and how they may be addressed. The paper begins with an overview of urbanization and pollution effects. It goes on to look at the specific case of Nairobi as it searches for solutions to the negative impacts of pollution through a lens which sees resolution of congestion effects as key to amelioration of traffic-related air pollution. It suggests that a combination of infrastructure, policy, regulatory and softer measures may provide the most effective way to address traffic congestion and, thus, traffic pollution. In addition, the paper highlights the need for further research into the lived experience of negotiating daily life in Nairobi, as well as further exploration of the social, economic and environmental feasibility of potential solutions for the city. While Nairobi is used as the case study city, the lessons learned are generalized for cities in the East African region, which often share similar traits of congestion and traffic related pollution.
Abstract
Congestion and traffic-related pollution are typically the largest contributors to air pollution in cities. Rapid urbanization in developing countries has caused large-scale [...]
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ADAPTIVE TRAFFIC LIGHT CYCLE TIME CONTROLLER USING MICROCONTROLLERS AND CROWDSOURCE DATA OF GOOGLE APIs FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
D. Bhattacharya, S. Mishra, A. Gupta, V. Singh

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 269

Abstract
Mishra, S., Bhattacharya, D., Gupta, A., & Singh, V. R. (2018). Adaptive traffic light cycle time controller using microcontrollers and crwodsource data of Google APIs for developing countries. In 3rd International Conference on Smart Data and Smart Cities (4/W7 ed., Vol. 4, pp. 83-90). (ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences). DOI: 10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-4-W7-83-2018 Controlling of traffic signals optimally helps in avoiding traffic jams as vehicle volume density changes on temporally short and spatially small scales. Nowadays, due to embedded system development with the rising standards of computational technology, condense electronics boards as well as software packages, system can be developed for controlling cycle time in real time. At present, the traffic control systems in India lack intelligence and act as an open-loop control system, with no feedback or sensing network, due to the high costs involved. This paper aims to improve the traffic control system by integrating different technologies to provide intelligent feedback to the existing network with congestion status adapting to the changing traffic density patterns. The system presented in this paper aims to sense real-time traffic congestion around the traffic light using Google API crowdsource data and hence avoids infrastructure cost of sensors. Subsequently, it manipulates the signal timing by triggering and conveying information to the timer control system. Generic information processing and communication hardware system designed in this paper has been tested and found to be functional for a pilot run in real time. Both simulation and hardware trials show the transmission of required information with an average time delay of 1.2 seconds that is comparatively very small considering cycle time. publishersversion published Document type: Article
Abstract
Mishra, S., Bhattacharya, D., Gupta, A., & Singh, V. R. (2018). Adaptive traffic light cycle time controller using microcontrollers and crwodsource data of Google APIs for [...]
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Providing Intermodal Route Alternatives
M. Prandtstetter, C. Seragiotto, M. Straub, B. Magoutas, E. Bothos, L. Bradesko

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 268

Abstract
Within this paper, we present a novel routing algorithm capable of providing not only truly intermodal routes but also coming up with route alternatives. These route alternatives feature different route and mode choices while still optimizing the same objective function (e.g. travel time). We therefore, provide a first presentation of the next generation routing service, which are fundamental for the introduction of Mobility-as-a-Service in the passenger sector or synchromodality in the freight transportation sector. We finally provide a showcase of motorhome routing where the full potential of the presented routing algorithm is shown.
Abstract
Within this paper, we present a novel routing algorithm capable of providing not only truly intermodal routes but also coming up with route alternatives. These route alternatives [...]
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Digital solutions for environmental performance and efficient navigation using on-board monitoring and river modelling
B. Friedhoff, D. Abma, P. Mensch, R. Verbeek, A. Schulz, A. Lutz

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 267

Abstract
The PROMINENT project co-funded under the H2020 program aims to develop innovations in inland waterway transport. It focusses on several areas: a) the introduction of technologies to improve energy efficiency and to reduce pollutant emissions, b) certification and (on-board) monitoring and c) professional qualification."br" This publication focusses on the possibilities of digital solutions and on-board monitoring in order to evaluate the operational performance of vessels and to develop tools for the skipper for energy-efficient navigation. An on-board monitoring measures speed and location, fuel consumption, power distribution, NOx and CO2 emissions. This data is continuously sent to a central database for the evaluation and benchmarking. It can also be used to optimize the efficiency of the ship driveline. The digital solution for efficient navigation combines on-board monitoring with the information from river models in order to provide the skipper with up to date information on sailing speed, arrival time and fuel consumption on each trip.
Abstract
The PROMINENT project co-funded under the H2020 program aims to develop innovations in inland waterway transport. It focusses on several areas: a) the introduction of technologies [...]
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Mixture Kalman filter based highway congestion mode and vehicle density estimator and its application
X. Sun, R. Horowitz, L. Munoz

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 266

Abstract
We present our latest results on developing and implementing a traffic congestion mode and vehicle density estimator for a segment of Interstate 210 in Southern California. Using a mixture Kalman filtering (MKF) algorithm on the switching-mode traffic model, the estimator is able to provide estimated vehicle densities at unmeasured locations, as well as the congestion statuses (free-flow or congested), which are not directly observed. The program runs efficiently, thus making it possible to carry out estimation in real time.
Abstract
We present our latest results on developing and implementing a traffic congestion mode and vehicle density estimator for a segment of Interstate 210 in Southern California. [...]
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Education and business. Formation of the human resources potential of road transport sector
I. Girgina, I. Kashapova, A. Konyshtarova

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 265
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FR8RAIL: Development of functional requirements for sustainable and attractive European rail freight
J. Mendizabal, I. Adin, J. Goya, J. Bergstrand, A. Ekmark

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 264

Abstract
The modal share of intra-EU rail freight transport is less than 20% of the freight transport sector. The current rail"br" freight situation is not only due to the existence of legal barriers restricting competition (including the track access"br" regime, taxation, etc.), but also due to limitations of operational and technical nature, which impact the overall"br" capacity and performance of the sector."br" In order to overcome these issues, Shift2Rail set a specific Innovation Programme 5 (IP5) focused on Technologies"br" for Sustainable & Attractive European Rail Freight. In this context, the FR8RAIL project, is working on the"br" “Development of Functional Requirements for Sustainable and Attractive European Rail”."br" To overcome these limitations, a holistic approach involving several technical areas, that form the backbone of the"br" project approach. The outcomes of FR8RAIL will positively contribute to and support the Shift2Rail goals to"br" strengthen the role of the freight rail transport.
Abstract
The modal share of intra-EU rail freight transport is less than 20% of the freight transport sector. The current rail"br" freight situation is not only due to the existence [...]
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Information or integration? Supporting multimodal travelling through mobility apps
T. Duong, P. Ruoff, M. Buffat

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 263

Abstract
Digital tools like journey planners and mobile ticketing apps are adopted by more and more users and seen as"br" key enablers to making multimodal travel choices easier. This paper looks at success factors for establishing a"br" highly integrated mobility app. By analysing and comparing levels of integration across different axes for"br" mobility apps as well as geographical coverage and user adoption figures, we identify common types and"br" evolution paths. The findings suggest that vertically integrated apps tend to be limited to one mode and in terms"br" of geographic coverage. Widely used apps often integrate travel information with other functions and have wider"br" coverage, but show low vertical integration levels. If increased multimodal travel behaviour is linked to using"br" mobility apps, then a strategy pursuing wide user adoption may be more successful than building strongly"br" integrated platforms in the first place. This has implications for public and private initiatives looking to build"br" their own app or sharing their data and cooperating with others.
Abstract
Digital tools like journey planners and mobile ticketing apps are adopted by more and more users and seen as"br" key enablers to making multimodal travel choices easier. This [...]
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Assessment of ACC and CACC systems using SUMO
K. Porfyri, E. Mintsis, E. Mitsakis

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 262

Abstract
Emerging developments in the field of automotive technologies, such as Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) systems, are expected to enhance traffic efficiency and safety on highways and urban roads. For this reason, substantial effort has been made by researchers to model and simulate these automation systems over the last few years. This study aims to integrate a recently developed car-following model for ACC and CACC equipped vehicles in the microscopic traffic simulation tool SUMO; the implemented ACC/CACC simulation models originate from empirical ones, ensuring the collision-free property in the full-speed-range operation. Simulation experiments for different penetration rates of cooperative automated vehicles, desired time-gap settings and network topologies are conducted to test the validity of the proposed approach and to assess the impact of ACC and CACC equipped vehicles on traffic flow characteristics.
Abstract
Emerging developments in the field of automotive technologies, such as Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) systems, are expected to [...]
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Austrian 2nd phase road safety track training seems to increase risk competence among novice drivers
M. Gatscha

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 261

Abstract
Obligatory Austrian 2nd phase education module of safety track training was analysed in order to examine potential"br" safety benefits for novice car drivers. Earlier findings showed that the safety benefits of the 2nd phase education"br" courses are contradictory. Furthermore, the goal and the content of the 2nd phase education have changed from"br" simple slippery track practices to preventive risk competence education over the last decades. Austrian 2nd phase"br" safety training was evaluated by gathering self-reported conclusions and safety-relevant assessments directly after"br" training and up to 12 months subsequent to the safety course as well as directly observed emergency braking"br" behaviour skill on track training day. Results show beneficial development regarding safety views and risk"br" competence, especially emergency braking skill improved substantially during safety training.
Abstract
Obligatory Austrian 2nd phase education module of safety track training was analysed in order to examine potential"br" safety benefits for novice car drivers. Earlier findings [...]
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Training & Education on standardization of transport chains emission accounting
S. Val, B. Royo, I. Stamos, R. Ilie

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 260

Abstract
The knowledge and capacity gap for the many SMEs (Small Medium Enterprises) that are involved in the logistics sector is significant. Even the largest logistics service providers subcontract a significant proportion of their transport to specialist carriers and acknowledge that they struggle to get reliable, company-specific data back in a format that can be used to fulfil carbon account requests from their customers. This paper -as part of the LEARN (Logistics, emissions and reduction network) European project- covers the needs of training and education as this is considered the least-developed area in the sector that currently represents a big challenge."br" The papers shows the requirements identified from stakeholders via surveys in emissions accounting, reporting and verifying together with methodology guidelines developed in the field. The paper will provide the path to produce a proper material, and how to be assembled, re-oriented and adapted towards the end users, with the aim of increasing the knowledge base in the field and to strengthen the network of industries willing to use a common standard framework for emissions accounting.
Abstract
The knowledge and capacity gap for the many SMEs (Small Medium Enterprises) that are involved in the logistics sector is significant. Even the largest logistics service providers [...]
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Airports: Spanish initiative for "Airport Improvement Research on Processes & Operations of Runway, TMA and Surface"
J. Murgoitio, F. Navarro, I. Etxebarria, J. Pérez, R. Lattarulo

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 259

Abstract
IRPORTS (Airport Improvement Research on Processes & Operations of Runway, TMA & Surface) is a"br" research and development initiative aimed at developing technologies and capabilities to enable the"br" implementation of TBO (Trajectory-Based Operations) and PBO (Performance-Based Operations) in the airport"br" context, considering operations and processes affecting both aircraft and ground vehicles. AIRPORTS is a"br" multidisciplinary and integrated effort that tackles highly complex scientific and technological challenges with"br" important repercussions for the global air transportation system. The project tackles the development of"br" technology solutions that contribute to modernize and improve the air transportation system from a"br" multidisciplinary perspective, considering both air and ground operations. The project embraces a holistic"br" approach, considering both analysis and experimentation and culminating in proofs of concept and integrated use"br" case scenarios that demonstrate advanced technology solutions that enhance airport operations.
Abstract
IRPORTS (Airport Improvement Research on Processes & Operations of Runway, TMA & Surface) is a"br" research and development initiative aimed at developing technologies and [...]
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Leakage Detection in Pipelines Using Decision Tree and Multi-Support Vector Machine
X. Xu, J. Zhang, M. Yu, Z. Chen, X. Du

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 258
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Fiber optic monitoring of pipelines in permafrost context
P. Clément, R. Gabet, Y. Jaouen, V. Lanticq

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 257

Abstract
We propose the most suitable setup to have complete integrity monitoring of buried pipelines in permafrost using optical fiber sensing. Choice of best optical fiber cables and their best location near the pipe are discussed.
Abstract
We propose the most suitable setup to have complete integrity monitoring of buried pipelines in permafrost using optical fiber sensing. Choice of best optical fiber cables [...]
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DigiTrans: Exploring the new Austrian test region for automated driving in transport logistics
K. Schwieger, I. Erdelean, P. Nitsche, P. Saleh, M. Reinthaler, P. Fröhlich, M. Neubauer, A. Pell

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 256

Abstract
In Europe, several test sites have recently been opened to validate automated driving functions. However, there"br" are limited initiatives for freight transport and logistics compared to passenger transport. The aim of this paper is"br" to demonstrate how a test region for automated transport logistics can be built up in Austria. A profound feasibility"br" study was conducted to investigate organisational, technical and economic requirements for a successful"br" implementation and operation of the test region. A stakeholder consultation process was set up to collect specific"br" needs of various target groups, including interviews, focus groups and workshops. Overall, the results of the"br" feasibility study show that automated driving in the area of transport logistics is a highly important topic, which is"br" supported by industry and shows profitable potential. Based on the study results, future work will comprise the"br" planning, implementation and operation of the actual test region within a time frame of at least five years.
Abstract
In Europe, several test sites have recently been opened to validate automated driving functions. However, there"br" are limited initiatives for freight transport and logistics [...]
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Motion Trajectories of Over-Height Vehicles for Warning Drivers
B. Nguyen, I. Brilakis

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 255

Abstract
Collision of over-height vehicles with low bridges and tunnels occur with high frequency in the UK as many structures were built at a time when there was less moving traffic on the roadway. These older bridges are now considered at risk of vehicular strikes due to its low clearance height (less than 16 feet 6 inches or 5.03 metres). While previous methods have used vision-based systems to address the over-height warning problem, such methods are sensitive to wind. In this paper, we proposed an extension of the work done to minimise false detections due to wind by using a constraint-based method to track motion trajectories to improve the overall performance of the system. The dataset consists of 102 over-height vehicles recorded at 25 fps. The paper compares feature detectors to optimally track vehicle trajectories and analyses its motion to accurately classify positive detections. The final validation yields a performance of 94.5% recall and 91.1% precision. Career Integration Grants (CIG) - Marie Curie Action
Abstract
Collision of over-height vehicles with low bridges and tunnels occur with high frequency in the UK as many structures were built at a time when there was less moving traffic [...]
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Compliance with Monitoring Requests, Biomechanical Readiness, and Take-Over Performance: Video Analysis from a Simulator Study
B. Zhang, Z. Lu, R. Happee, J. de Winter, M. Martens

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 132

Abstract
In the context of automated driving, a monitoring request (MR) is a means to prepare drivers for a take-over event. However, driver compliance may be an issue because not all MRs require a take-over. In this study, we investigated how drivers’ compliance with MRs was associated with previously experienced scenarios. The compliance level was measured based on drivers’ eye, hand, and foot preparatory behaviours retrieved from manual video observation. Although drivers showed good overall compliance by looking up to the road in response to MRs in all cases, hand and foot preparatory behaviour appeared to deteriorate after experiencing an MR without a critical event, and increased after a take-over event. Results further showed a positive association between preparatory behaviour and take-over performance.
Abstract
In the context of automated driving, a monitoring request (MR) is a means to prepare drivers for a take-over event. However, driver compliance may be an issue because not [...]
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Scube—Concept and Implementation of a Self-balancing, Autonomous Mobility Device for Personal Transport
J. Lim, L. Sim, M. Wittmann, F. Römer, W. Ten, A. Ongel, M. Kloppel, Y. Lu, B. Hatam, Y. Hong, T. Herrmann, V. Medovy, M. Lienkamp, L. Merkle, H. Ng

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 254

Abstract
Public transportation (PT) systems suffer from disutility compared to private transportation due to the inability to provide passengers with a door-to-door service, referred to as the first/last mile problem. Personal mobility devices (PMDs) are thought to improve PT service quality by closing this first/last mile gap. However, current PMDs are generally driven manually by the rider and require a learning phase for safe vehicle operation. Additionally, most PMDs require a standing riding position and are not easily accessible to elderly people or persons with disabilities. In this paper, the concept of an autonomously operating mobility device is introduced. The visionary concept is designed as an on-demand transportation service which transports people for short to medium distances and increases the accessibility to public transport. The device is envisioned to be operated as a larger fleet and does not belong to an individual person. The vehicle features an electric powertrain and a one-axle self-balancing design with a small footprint. It provides one seat for a passenger and a tilt mechanism that is designed to improve the ride comfort and safety at horizontal curves. An affordable 3D-camera system is used for autonomous localization and navigation. For the evaluation and demonstration of the concept, a functional prototype is implemented. Document type: Article
Abstract
Public transportation (PT) systems suffer from disutility compared to private transportation due to the inability to provide passengers with a door-to-door service, referred [...]
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REFINET: A new era for the sustainable development of Transport infrastructures networks in Europe
A. ZARLI, M. SEGARRA, C. FUGGINI, T. GOGER, J. ISOIRD

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 253

Abstract
The main objective or the REFINET Coordination and Support Action has been about identifying research and innovation needs and supporting the mass-market deployment of existing innovative technologies, such as materials, components, systems and processes to support the modernisation of the European Transport Infrastructure using a multimodal approach to support investment decisions. To achieve its objectives, REFINET has in particular developed solutions enabling infrastructures decision-makers (e.g. Public Bodies, Ministries, the European Commission, Infrastructure Managers and Operators, etc.) to carry out an integrated evaluation, selection of projects and programs and monitoring them. This paper introduces to the main outcomes of REFINET, in particular the REFINET multi-modal transport infrastructure model, vision and Strategic Implementation Plan for research and innovation priorities. The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of the European Commission under the H2020 programme, and are grateful to the REFINET Consortium partners, namely Fundación TECNALIA, D'Appolonia S.p.A., FEHRL, UIC, Fundación Plataforma Tecnológica Española de Construccion, DRAGADOS SA, CSTB and Ove Arup & Partners International Limited.
Abstract
The main objective or the REFINET Coordination and Support Action has been about identifying research and innovation needs and supporting the mass-market deployment of existing [...]
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Electric vehicles in commercial fleets: Potentials and challenges from the user perspective in Germany
V. Kolarova, U. Kugler, D. Calliari

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 252

Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) have been discussed as a promising alternative to conventional cars and as a potential solution for mitigating environmental problems caused by road transport. This study analyzes the potential of the commercial use of EVs and the factors influencing user acceptance in commercial fleets. Empirical data on the daily use of EVs was collected by conducting online surveys, interviews, and workshops with the users. This paper summarizes the insights on potential advances and challenges related to the use of the vehicles in commercial fleets from a user perspective. The results suggest that EVs meet the mobility needs of different commercial users, bringing reputational and environmental related benefits for the companies. Main challenges for the deployment of EVs are related rather to the periphery of the EVs (e.g., infrastructure, market characteristics, and lack of experts in related service sectors as well as psychological barriers). Finally, policy and management recommendations in different fields drawn from a synthesis of the data collected within the study are introduced in this paper.
Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) have been discussed as a promising alternative to conventional cars and as a potential solution for mitigating environmental problems caused by road [...]
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Genetic Algorithm to optimize the strategies for bridge repair works
L. Bodnar, A. Kanin, S. Stepanov

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 251

Abstract
n approach to solve the problem of reducing the operating costs and increasing the residual life of highway bridges is showed in this article. The main goal of this study is to optimize a lifecycle model of highway bridge’s elements using a special type of genetic algorithm (GA). GA allows managing the residual life of highway bridges. The goal is achieved by performing the following tasks: developing a degradation model of bridge elements; developing a model for the definition of bridge performance measures costs at the network level; optimizing the lifecycle of the bridge’s elements using GA. A special high-speed GA was developed and designed for working with the Ukrainian Bridge Management System (AEBMS). The developed GA differs from the traditional GA. For example, the GA takes into account the peculiarities of the allowable sequence of various repair works depending on the degree of the bridge’s degradation and the steps which were taken during the previous years.
Abstract
n approach to solve the problem of reducing the operating costs and increasing the residual life of highway bridges is showed in this article. The main goal of this study [...]
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Trajectory Modeling and Prediction with Waypoint Information Using a Conditionally Markov Sequence
X. Li, R. Rezaie

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 250

Abstract
Information about the waypoints of a moving object, e.g., an airliner in an air traffic control (ATC) problem, should be considered in trajectory modeling and prediction. Due to the ATC regulations, trajectory design criteria, and restricted motion capability of airliners there are long-range dependencies in trajectories of airliners. Waypoint information can be used for modeling such dependencies in trajectories. This paper proposes a conditionally Markov (CM) sequence for modeling trajectories passing by waypoints. A dynamic model governing the proposed sequence is obtained. Filtering and trajectory prediction formulations are presented. The use of the proposed sequence for modeling trajectories with waypoints is justified. Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1811.08021
Abstract
Information about the waypoints of a moving object, e.g., an airliner in an air traffic control (ATC) problem, should be considered in trajectory modeling and prediction. [...]
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Self-Refining Deep Symmetry Enhanced Network for Rain Removal
Q. Sun, H. Ye, W. Shi, M. Liu, X. Li, H. Liu

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 249

Abstract
Rain removal aims to remove the rain streaks on rain images. The state-of-the-art methods are mostly based on Convolutional Neural Network~(CNN). However, as CNN is not equivariant to object rotation, these methods are unsuitable for dealing with the tilted rain streaks. To tackle this problem, we propose Deep Symmetry Enhanced Network~(DSEN) that is able to explicitly extract the rotation equivariant features from rain images. In addition, we design a self-refining mechanism to remove the accumulated rain streaks in a coarse-to-fine manner. This mechanism reuses DSEN with a novel information link which passes the gradient flow to the higher stages. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world rain images show that our self-refining DSEN yields the top performance. Comment: Accepted by ICIP 19. Corresponding author: Hanrong Ye
Abstract
Rain removal aims to remove the rain streaks on rain images. The state-of-the-art methods are mostly based on Convolutional Neural Network~(CNN). However, as CNN is not equivariant [...]
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Modeling Cyclists Traffic Volume – Can Bicycle Planning benefit from Smartphone based Data?
S. Lißner, A. Francke, T. Becker

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 248

Abstract
Good transportation planning requires reliable data. Nowadays many smartphone users record their routes and submit these GPS tracks to servers of smartphone application operators. These aggregate tracks are the base for a bunch of tools to close the gap in bicycle planning and evaluation. However, there is only few information about the app users. Therefore the question is if it is possible to derive predictions from the app data that are valid compared to field data. An analysis of field data collections in Dresden with a dataset collected by the smartphone app Strava with an overall of 3,200 cyclists and 70,500 rides was undertaken. The comparison focused on traffic volumes, speed and origin-destination matrices. Overall, the predicted values based on the Strava app sample were comparable to the permanent counting devices, especially in areas with higher traffic flow. Strava app data is with some limitations applicable for bicycle planning. Recommendations for the future use of Strava and similar data sources for bicycle planning and transportation research will be discussed.
Abstract
Good transportation planning requires reliable data. Nowadays many smartphone users record their routes and submit these GPS tracks to servers of smartphone application operators. [...]
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