Documents published in 2018 : Scipedia

ATLAS – Establishing the mapping requirements for fully autonomous navigation
P. Morgan, H. Viner, M. Wright

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 437

Abstract
developments in fully autonomous vehicles move forward, one issue to be considered is the mapping"br" requirements necessary for such vehicles to navigate their way around the road network at any time and between"br" any point of origin and destination. On-board navigation systems already deal with determining the initial route,"br" so that the challenge becomes that of being able to determine the vehicle position at all times, especially in"br" circumstances where GNSS is unavailable. The ATLAS project (supported by Innovate UK) has considered this"br" issue with regards to mapping types, data requirements and technology demands/protocols. Through the"br" development of a cloud-based data service concept, and simulation of the data transmission conditions in"br" different scenarios, ATLAS has demonstrated that achieving fully autonomous navigation will be challenging"br" with current communications technology. However, V2I technologies could help to achieve autonomous"br" navigation in the short term as well as delivering additional operational benefits to road owners.
Abstract
developments in fully autonomous vehicles move forward, one issue to be considered is the mapping"br" requirements necessary for such vehicles to navigate their way around [...]
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QoSVisor: QoS Framework for SDN
R. Al-Haddad, E. Velazquez, A. Winckles

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 436

Abstract
The increasing demand for network services and quality across wide selections of digital applications in the internet era has caused growing congestion and raised questions about how to deal with prioritizing data in ways tailored to particular uses of applications and managing peak congestion times. Software Defined Network (SDN) in particular Slicing Strategy, seems the best solution due to its new constitution intelligently implemented through the SDN OpenFlow protocol. However, Slicing Strategies specifically “FlowVisor” are limited in certain mechanisms such as Traffic Engineering (TE), which make it a requirement to find new ways to deliver Quality of Service (QoS) for different applications. In this paper, QoSVisor presented as an SDN extension action QoS Slicer based as an enhancement to the standard FlowVisor operation slicing tools to ensure the QoS for each Slice-based class of application.
Abstract
The increasing demand for network services and quality across wide selections of digital applications in the internet era has caused growing congestion and raised questions [...]
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Integration of an Automated Valet Parking Service into an Internet of Things Platform
J. Belz, W. Stürzl, P. Lutz, A. Sohr, M. Maier, F. Andert, M. Mliller, L. Tcheumadjeu, R. Kaul, Q. Tang

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 435

Abstract
This paper presents an architecture for Automated Valet Parking (AVP) connected to cloud-based IoT services and mobile user interfaces. The goal is to enable AVP services for automatic vehicles. From the user perspective, automatic car drop-off and pick-up are activated via smart phone application, and the user will be able to continuously monitor the vehicle status together with additional services as cleaning or recharge during the parking phase. Further, the IoT platform allows the integration of live services that will interact with automatic driving and parking. As an example, the presented AVP setup includes the operation of service drones to automatically guide a vehicle to the best parking spot. The demonstration in this paper comprises a parking car and a micro aerial vehicle (MAV) connected in real-time through the IoT platform as well as the smart phone application where the car is controlled and supervised.
Abstract
This paper presents an architecture for Automated Valet Parking (AVP) connected to cloud-based IoT services and mobile user interfaces. The goal is to enable AVP services [...]
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Improvements to motor fuel taxation in Russia as impetus for sustainable development of cities
E. Iadrennikova

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 434

Abstract
The article considers the role of the transportation system in the sustainable development of cities. The article pays special attention to the development dynamics of road transport in Russia and of the emissions of air pollutants by motor vehicles. The role and significance of fuel taxes in the system of government revenue are investigated. The author analyzes the existing system of fuel taxes in the Russian Federation and concludes that the mechanism of taxing motor fuel is based on consumption and does not take into account the adverse impact on the environment and the energy content of fuels. The author provides arguments for changing the mechanism of calculating the rate of the excise tax on motor fuel so that it factors in its energy efficiency and carbon dioxide emissions. A conclusion is drawn that the introduction of the proposed adjustments would produce a substantial fiscal impact on government revenues and would make it possible to eliminate the existing distortions for two competing sources of energy (petrol versus diesel fuel); would encourage the use and development of public transport and help reduce the emissions of air pollutants. The objective of the study is to work out proposals for improving fuel taxation that would also contribute to the sustainable development of cities. © 2018 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved. The work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, contract No. 17-22-21001.
Abstract
The article considers the role of the transportation system in the sustainable development of cities. The article pays special attention to the development dynamics of road [...]
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The effects of longer trucks on freight transport demand in Germany
J. Bühne, R. Burg, M. Irzik

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 433

Abstract
In 2012 the German Federal Government started a five-year field trial with longer trucks. One scientific project"br" focused on empirical data of the logistic and transport processes as well as the modelling of future mileage and"br" market shares of longer trucks. Based on predefined scenarios, potential areas of application and accessible"br" routes for longer trucks were determined using a likelihood approach with particular attention to the different"br" definitions of a longer truck suitable road network. In a second step empirical data covering logistic"br" characteristics collected from participating carriers and forwarders were integrated into a sophisticated transport"br" model in order to estimate transport demand effects and emissions of air pollutants as well as greenhouse gases"br" stemming from longer trucks in normal business operations. The analyses of the traffic demand modelling for the"br" scenarios shows for the reference years 2014 and 2030 that due to logistical constraints and requirements"br" (generally) only a small part of all German heavy good vehicle trips (about 3.0 to 3.2 %) and even a smaller part"br" of all rail and inland waterway transport performance (1.8 and 2.9 %) can be considered as potentially shiftable"br" to longer trucks.
Abstract
In 2012 the German Federal Government started a five-year field trial with longer trucks. One scientific project"br" focused on empirical data of the logistic and transport [...]
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Vertical Workflows: Service Orchestration across Cloud & Edge Resources
M. Shaikh, A. Anjum, M. Ali, O. Rana, L. Bittencourt

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 432

Abstract
Currently devices used for data capture often differ from those that are used to subsequently carry out analysis on such data. Many Internet of Things (IoT) applications today involve data capture from sensors that are close to the phenomenon being measured, with such data subsequently being transmitted to Cloud data centers for analysis and storage. Increasing availability of storage and processing devices closer to the data capture device, perhaps over a one-hop network connection or even directly connected to the IoT device itself, requires more efficient allocation of processing across such edge devices and data centers. We refer to these as "vertical workflows" – i.e. workflows which are enacted across resources that can vary in: (i) type and behaviour; (ii) processing and storage capacity; (iii) latency and security profiles. Understanding how a workflow pipeline can be enacted across these resource types is outlined, motivated through two scenarios. The overall objective considered is the completion of the workflow within some deadline constraint, but with flexibility on where data processing is carried out.
Abstract
Currently devices used for data capture often differ from those that are used to subsequently carry out analysis on such data. Many Internet of Things (IoT) applications today [...]
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Problem of trespassing railway property as an accompanying effect of suburbanization
I. Dostál, M. Havlíček, P. Skládaná, F. Nantl, P. Skládaný, P. Tučka, J. Perůtka

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 431

Abstract
Railway trespassing is very common, though risky and illegal behavior in the Czech Republic. Number of victims of train-person crashes is about 200 fatalities every year. We can find several types of risk localities where unauthorised access to the railway tracks occurs, with various motivations, users, layout, risk rate, and intensity of trespassing. Field research revealed, in addition to other facts, that localities with very high intensity of trespassing are often situated at local connections between origins and destinations of everyday trips (housing, factories, schools, offices, services, shops, recreation, and sport facilities). This aspect was further explored in the context of land use development. This paper illustrates how risk trespassing sites are formed in the areas affected by suburbanization, either due to imperfections in master plans, or by improper implementation of the master plan in practice.
Abstract
Railway trespassing is very common, though risky and illegal behavior in the Czech Republic. Number of victims of train-person crashes is about 200 fatalities every year. [...]
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ECOCHAMPS - Project Targets, their Tracking and the Evaluation of the Demonstrator Vehicles
G. Nitzsche, S. Edwards, E. White, M. Gennaro, A. Tansini, T. Grigoratos, E. Avaritsioti

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 430

Abstract
The ECOCHAMPS project addresses the topic GV-04-2014 Hybrid Light and Heavy Duty Vehicles under the Horizon2020 programme (GA #653468) and is realized by a 26-member consortium. The overall objectives are to achieve efficient, compact, lightweight, robust and cost effective hybrid powertrains for both passenger cars and commercial vehicles, with increased functionality, improved performance, comfort and emissions levels below Euro 6/VI. In particular, an expected impact of 20% powertrain efficiency improvements and weight plus volume reductions with respect to the best-in-class vehicles on the market in the reference year 2013 is set, whilst having a maximum 10% cost premium. This paper presents the targets and the tracking of the developments of the OEMs and the approach for the final evaluation of the five demonstrator vehicles built by Q1-2018. Moreover the paper also looks towards the development of current and future CO2 declaration methods for hybrid heavy duty commercial vehicles, supporting the deployment of next generation propulsion technologies for decarbonising freight transport.
Abstract
The ECOCHAMPS project addresses the topic GV-04-2014 Hybrid Light and Heavy Duty Vehicles under the Horizon2020 programme (GA #653468) and is realized by a 26-member consortium. [...]
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Auxetic lightweight composite panels – enhanced mechanical properties and vibration damping in transportation structures
V. Carneiro, J. Meireles

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 429

Abstract
uxetic materials and structures are characterized by possessing an overall negative Poisson’s ratio and, thus, are able to expand/contract in tension/compression. This behaviour does not contradict the imposed thermodynamic limits on isotropic solid bodies by the classical theory of elasticity that defines the allowable values of Poisson’s ratio as being confined between -1 and 0.5. In practical terms, due to this counterintuitive deformation behaviour these materials are expected to possess high relative shear and fracture resistance, elevated relative hardness and superior vibration damping. The referred characteristics may be extremely advantageous in transportation structures, given that they may allow the design of components with reduced weight, enhanced riding comfort by mitigation of on board vibrations and the increase of the life span of mechanical components by the mitigation of vibration induced mechanical fatigue. Due to the apparent lack of isotropic auxetics in natural states, many researchers have devoted their efforts to the design and manufacture of artificial structures that mimic such behaviour, such as chiral, rotating geometry and reentrant models. In this study, a novel class of Reinforced Honeycomb and Auxetic Reentrant Auxetic Lattices are presented, being used to show the advantages of negative Poisson’s ratio materials in the form of lightweight composite panels. It is shown that the presence of negative Poisson’s ratio enhances the static, impact and dynamic mechanical behavior and, therefore, may be an interesting evolution on new materials for the transposition industry.
Abstract
uxetic materials and structures are characterized by possessing an overall negative Poisson’s ratio and, thus, are able to expand/contract in tension/compression. This behaviour [...]
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Towards Interactive Curation & Automatic Tuning of ML Pipelines
C. Cousins, Z. Shang, E. Zgraggen, R. Zeleznik, T. Kraska, E. Upfal, B. Buratti, Y. Chung, C. Binnig

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 428

Abstract
Democratizing Data Science requires a fundamental rethinking of the way data analytics and model discovery is done. Available tools for analyzing massive data sets and curating machine learning models are limited in a number of fundamental ways. First, existing tools require well-trained data scientists to select the appropriate techniques to build models and to evaluate their outcomes. Second, existing tools require heavy data preparation steps and are often too slow to give interactive feedback to domain experts in the model building process, severely limiting the possible interactions. Third, current tools do not provide adequate analysis of statistical risk factors in the model development. In this work, we present the first iteration of QuIC-M (pronounced quick-m), an interactive human-in-the-loop data exploration and model building suite. The goal is to enable domain experts to build the machine learning pipelines an order of magnitude faster than machine learning experts while having model qualities comparable to expert solutions.
Abstract
Democratizing Data Science requires a fundamental rethinking of the way data analytics and model discovery is done. Available tools for analyzing massive data sets and curating [...]
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GUIDELINES FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN TRANSPORT IN SELECTED AREAS OF THE CITY OF TSHWANE, SOUTH AFRICA
C. Zyl, B. Duri

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 427
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The Results of the General Traffic Measurements Analysis on the Example of ÅodÅº Voivodeship (in Poland)
E. Macioszek, G. Sierpiński, D. Lach, M. Staniek

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 426
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FPGA implementation of a memory-efficient Hough Parameter Space for the detection of lines
D. Northcote, L. Crockett, P. Murray

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 425

Abstract
The Line Hough Transform (LHT) is a robust and accurate line detection algorithm, useful for applications such as lane detection in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems. For real-time implementation, the LHT is demanding in terms of computation and memory, and hence Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are often deployed. However, many small FPGAs are incapable of implementing the LHT due to the large memory requirement of the Hough Parameter Space (HPS). This paper presents a memory-efficient architecture of the LHT named the Angular Regions — Line Hough Transform (AR-LHT). We present a suitable FPGA implementation of the AR-LHT and provide a performance and resource analysis after targeting a Xilinx xc7z010-1 device. Results demonstrate that, for an image of 1024×1024 pixels, approximately 48% less memory is used than the Standard LHT. The FPGA architecture is capable of processing a single image in 9.03ms.
Abstract
The Line Hough Transform (LHT) is a robust and accurate line detection algorithm, useful for applications such as lane detection in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems. For [...]
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Landmine Detection From Gpr Data Using Convolutional Neural Networks
S. Tubaro, P. Bestagini, S. Lameri, F. Lombardi, M. Lualdi

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 424

Abstract
The presence of buried landmines is a serious threat in many areas around the World. Despite various techniques have been proposed in the literature to detect and recognize buried objects, automatic and easy to use systems providing accurate performance are still under research. Given the incredible results achieved by deep learning in many detection tasks, in this paper we propose a pipeline for buried landmine detection based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) applied to ground-penetrating radar (GPR) images. The proposed algorithm is capable of recognizing whether a B-scan profile obtained from GPR acquisitions contains traces of buried mines. Validation of the presented system is carried out on real GPR acquisitions, albeit system training can be performed simply relying on synthetically generated data. Results show that it is possible to reach 95% of detection accuracy without training in real acquisition of landmine profiles. Document type: Conference object
Abstract
The presence of buried landmines is a serious threat in many areas around the World. Despite various techniques have been proposed in the literature to detect and recognize [...]
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The Application of Human Mental Models for Engineering to Improve Acceptance and Performance of Driving Automation
P. Moertl, P. Wimmer, M. Rudigier, W. Rom, D. Watzenig

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 423

Abstract
The vision of advanced information technologies to provide intelligent driving assistance and automation is currently being reconciled with humans operating these technologies in complex, real-time environments where sometimes unpredicted situations need to be mastered under time pressure. Could automation technologies be designed such that humans can collaborate with them more quickly and effectively to solve the Unpredicted? We investigate the utility of computational Human Mental Models for Engineering (HMMEs) toward developing automation systems that are more similar to human behavior. We validate and compare an HMME with a control model for a basic steering task and compare them both with driving data from 16 human drivers in a driving simulator. We report on the observed characteristics of the HMME to support multi-tasking, graceful degradation, and multi-sensory driver state integration.
Abstract
The vision of advanced information technologies to provide intelligent driving assistance and automation is currently being reconciled with humans operating these technologies [...]
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Building near-real-time processing pipelines with the spark-MPI platform
P. O'Leary, N. Malitsky, M. Cowan, K. Dam, S. Jourdain, A. Chaudhary, M. Hanwell

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 422

Abstract
dvances in detectors and computational technologies provide new opportunities for applied research and the fundamental sciences. Concurrently, dramatic increases in the three Vs (Volume, Velocity, and Variety) of experimental data and the scale of computational tasks produced the demand for new real-time processing systems at experimental facilities. Recently, this demand was addressed by the Spark-MPI approach connecting the Spark data-intensive platform with the MPI high-performance framework. In contrast with existing data management and analytics systems, Spark introduced a new middleware based on resilient distributed datasets (RDDs), which decoupled various data sources from high-level processing algorithms. The RDD middleware significantly advanced the scope of data-intensive applications, spreading from SQL queries to machine learning to graph processing. Spark-MPI further extended the Spark ecosystem with the MPI applications using the Process Management Interface. The paper explores this integrated platform within the context of online ptychographic and tomographic reconstruction pipelines. Comment: New York Scientific Data Summit, August 6-9, 2017
Abstract
dvances in detectors and computational technologies provide new opportunities for applied research and the fundamental sciences. Concurrently, dramatic increases in the three [...]
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Long-Term Mobile Traffic Forecasting Using Deep Spatio-Temporal Neural Networks
C. Zhang, P. Patras

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 421

Abstract
Forecasting with high accuracy the volume of data traffic that mobile users will consume is becoming increasingly important for precision traffic engineering, demand-aware network resource allocation, as well as public transportation. Measurements collection in dense urban deployments is however complex and expensive, and the post-processing required to make predictions is highly non-trivial, given the intricate spatio-temporal variability of mobile traffic due to user mobility. To overcome these challenges, in this paper we harness the exceptional feature extraction abilities of deep learning and propose a Spatio-Temporal neural Network (STN) architecture purposely designed for precise network-wide mobile traffic forecasting. We present a mechanism that fine tunes the STN and enables its operation with only limited ground truth observations. We then introduce a Double STN technique (D-STN), which uniquely combines the STN predictions with historical statistics, thereby making faithful long-term mobile traffic projections. Experiments we conduct with real-world mobile traffic data sets, collected over 60 days in both urban and rural areas, demonstrate that the proposed (D-)STN schemes perform up to 10-hour long predictions with remarkable accuracy, irrespective of the time of day when they are triggered. Specifically, our solutions achieve up to 61% smaller prediction errors as compared to widely used forecasting approaches, while operating with up to 600 times shorter measurement intervals.
Abstract
Forecasting with high accuracy the volume of data traffic that mobile users will consume is becoming increasingly important for precision traffic engineering, demand-aware [...]
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DeLICM: Scalar Dependence Removal at Zero Memory Cost
M. Kruse, T. Grosser

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 420

Abstract
International audience; Increasing data movement costs motivate the integration of polyhedral loop optimizers in the standard flow (-O3) of production compilers. While polyhedral optimizers have been shown to be effective when applied as source-to-source transformation, the single static assignment form used in modern compiler mid-ends makes such optimizers less effective. Scalar dependencies (dependencies carried over a single memory location) are the main obstacle preventing effective optimization. We present DeLICM, a set of transformations which, backed by a polyhedral value analysis, eliminate problematic scalar dependences by 1) relocating scalar memory references to unused array locations and by 2) forwarding computations that otherwise cause scalar dependences. Our experiments show that DeLICM effectively eliminates dependencies introduced by compiler-internal canonicalization passes, human programmers, optimizing code generators, or inlining – without the need for any additional memory allocation. As a result, polyhedral loop optimizations can be better integrated into compiler pass pipelines which is essential for metaprogramming optimization.
Abstract
International audience; Increasing data movement costs motivate the integration of polyhedral loop optimizers in the standard flow (-O3) of production compilers. While polyhedral [...]
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Concept study of a hybrid-electric refrigerated vehicle with electrically operated cooling system for urban freight transport
H. Lacher, D. Dvorak, D. Simic, T. Bäuml

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 418

Abstract
In the pursuit of higher energy efficiency, reduced usage of fossil fuels and lower emissions a refrigerated vehicle"br" based on hybrid electric technology for the delivery of goods in urban areas was developed. The electrically"br" operated cooling system is powered by the traction battery of the hybrid electric vehicle. Independent of the"br" vehicle’s operating mode the energy generation for the cooling system always works at highest efficiency of the"br" internal combustion engine due to the operating strategy of the hybrid system. This contribution describes the two"br" main tasks to successfully realize the hybrid-electric refrigerated vehicle: the development of a simulation model"br" and the buildup of a concept vehicle. The design and optimization was conducted by a multiphysical simulation"br" of the entire vehicle including all relevant vehicle- and cooling components. The function of the hybrid electric"br" refrigerated vehicle and the operational strategy were validated by several tests and also during a demonstration"br" phase by a company.
Abstract
In the pursuit of higher energy efficiency, reduced usage of fossil fuels and lower emissions a refrigerated vehicle"br" based on hybrid electric technology for the delivery [...]
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Application of microsimulation in analysis of the traffic load of the bridge
D. Varevac, I. Otković

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 417

Abstract
For the last decade, the EU countries has been working intensively on creation developmental and sustainable transport strategies at the national and international level, which requires, besides analysing economical and ecological implications, implications on traffic-regulations, and also the analyzing the impact of different transport strategies on transport infrastructure. It is realistic to expect that in the near future, both the carrying capacity of road vehicles and the density of traffic will increase. This fact imposes to the traffic infrastructure increasing demands in terms of capacity and bearing capacity. Particularly critical points of the transport infrastructure are bridges, especially those built several decades ago because they are designed according to different traffic requirements and applicable standards at the time. Having in mind the fact that traffic is stochastic, and that experimentation on the real systems is not justified by safety and functional criteria, application of traffic microsimulation modeling is a logical choice. In this paper, the possibility of using microsimulation of traffic in the analysis of the traffic load of the selected bridge is examined through the generation of various potentially critical traffic scenarios within the existing but also for the future assumed traffic load. This paper does not include an analysis of accidental traffic situations or scenarios where sudden braking of the vehicle occurs, as well as traffic accidents and vehicle collision with another vehicle or bridge elements. The application of this method is shown in the example of the road bridge "Dr. Franjo Tuđman "across the river Drava in Osijek, built in 1995.
Abstract
For the last decade, the EU countries has been working intensively on creation developmental and sustainable transport strategies at the national and international level, [...]
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Vehicle Demonstration of Performance and Economy of a Comprehensive B/C class Diesel Engine and Aftertreatment System Approach for Emissions beyond Euro 6
O. Herwig, B. Ludwig, W. Martin, M. Gande, M. Philippe, G. Jeremy, H. Valerie, L. Thomas

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 416

Abstract
Engines for A/B/C class vehicles place high emphasis on economic viability. Thus, many innovations focus on"br" optimum system integration of cost effective technologies, which are individually optimized and controlled within"br" the interrelations of engine, exhaust gas aftertreatment system and vehicle. The European project REWARD"br" conducted such a comprehensive approach with a 1.6 liter diesel engine for a small SUV class vehicle. The core"br" of this development is a new combustion concept which is combined with a specifically tailored aftertreatment"br" system. The goal is the demonstration of an increased fuel economy and a reduction of emissions significantly"br" below the Euro 6 limits under real driving conditions. These targets are demonstrated with a vehicle emphasizing"br" that the improvements refer exclusively to the new engine and aftertreatment system development."br" The approach focuses on conventional combustion parameters such as the optimum design matching of new"br" combustion bowls with advanced fuel injectors, injection characteristics and a reduced in-cylinder charge motion"br" (swirl). Outside of these core features further parameters refer to high-pressure/ low-pressure EGR and the"br" charging system. The target is to minimize engine-out emissions and to provide specific exhaust characteristics"br" which are optimum matched to particular aftertreatment system concepts."br" Various aftertreatment concepts have been systematically evaluated in view of their performance, reliability and"br" economy. Initially, NOx reduction with a single NOx Storage Catalyst (NSC) was considered. However, even if"br" combined with the low engine-out NOx solution, this initial approach requires excessive NSC purging at elevated"br" exhaust temperatures, which severely deteriorates the fuel economy. Thus, NSC has been completely omitted and"br" replaced by Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) with economically “active” urea dosing. Due to a sophisticated"br" temperature management system low temperature operation can be bridged by a diesel Cold Start Concept"br" (dCSCTM) catalyst. The paper describes the comprehensive approach and presents some projected results.
Abstract
Engines for A/B/C class vehicles place high emphasis on economic viability. Thus, many innovations focus on"br" optimum system integration of cost effective technologies, [...]
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Use of GPS tracks and multi-agent simulation MATSim to support incident management of public transport operators in Vienna.
G. Kriebernegg, J. Aspäck, C. Schlager

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 415

Abstract
The understanding of incident management is of great importance for public transport operators to provide high"br" quality public transport services. The quality of service depends on the capability of operators to cope with"br" unexpected disruptions as well as handling possible aftereffects. Therefore, quick-reacting incident management"br" is vital for public transport operators to gain the trust of each passenger. This paper presents a concept and its"br" evaluation for supporting incident management of public transport operators by use of agent-based simulation. In"br" cooperation with Wiener Linien, a prototype is in development to automatically integrate GPS data from public"br" transport users in MATSim (Multi-Agent Transport Simulation). The challenge of this project is the development"br" of an extract-transform-load (ETL) process ensuring seamless data processing in MATSim as well as generating"br" a concept for transfer and illustration of the output. Finally, a large incident is simulated and compared to real-life.
Abstract
The understanding of incident management is of great importance for public transport operators to provide high"br" quality public transport services. The quality of service [...]
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Smart technology solutions for the NeTIRail-INFRA case study lines: Axle box acceleration and ultra-low cost smartphones
A. Nunez, T. Popa, L. Anghel, J. Hendriks, J. Moraal, L. Buretea, J. Paragreen, B. Miron, D. Gheorghe, M. Campean, R. Dollevoet, Z. Li

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 414

Abstract
In this paper, we present preliminary results on the development of smart technology solutions for lower density"br" railway lines. The goal is to reach a cost effective inspection and asset management to minimize maintenance"br" interventions time/cost without dedicated inspection vehicles. The proposed methods include axle box"br" acceleration measurements and ultra-low cost smartphones. The collected data will be further used to increase"br" knowledge of the condition of the railway track and to estimate the comfort of passengers. In order to make use"br" of the data, the data is interpreted and converted from monitoring information into management information."br" Feasibility and preliminary studies were conducted in the railway lines of Romania. The results presented in this"br" paper were obtained in the framework of the H2020 project NeTIRail-INFRA, Work Package 4: Monitoring and"br" Smart Technology.
Abstract
In this paper, we present preliminary results on the development of smart technology solutions for lower density"br" railway lines. The goal is to reach a cost effective inspection [...]
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Recommendations on regulatory framework and standardisation proposals based on COMPANION project
M. Tobar, M. Pillado, C. Luján, A. Lladó

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 413

Abstract
Two of the obstacles for the deployment of heavy-duty vehicle platooning on public roads is given by the absence of EU legislation and common standards. This study includes a presentation to the most influential groups involved in discussing autonomous driving and their work, which has had an important role inside the European FP7 funded project COMPANION. Then, an analysis is performed on the current state of EU and local regulations related to platooning, and some recommendations are given to deal with the new necessities that have been detected and created along the COMPANION project duration. Finally, the paper presents standardisation proposals based on the analysis along the project. For platooning to become a reality, there is still much work to be done. The differences between the different standards developing organizations reveal a need for standardisation, and future regulation is under discussion and will be influenced by the technical evolution of vehicles, the acceptance by other road users, and the implication of manufacturers and authorities.
Abstract
Two of the obstacles for the deployment of heavy-duty vehicle platooning on public roads is given by the absence of EU legislation and common standards. This study includes [...]
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Unravelling travel flow dynamics: A multi-level analysis of public transport demand and passenger reliability
P. Muñoz, O. Cats, J. Krasemann, C. Rydergren, R. Scarinci, M. Laumanns

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 412

Abstract
Smart cities and communities rely on efficient, reliable and robust transport systems. Managing urban public transport systems is becoming increasingly challenging with a pronounced shift towards multiple actors operating in a multi-modal multi-level networks. This calls for the development of an integrated passenger-focused management approach which takes advantage of multiple data sources and state-of-the-art scheduling support. The TRANS-FORM project is developing, implementing and testing a data driven decision making tool that will support smart planning and proactive and adaptive operations. The tool will integrate new concepts and methods of behavioral modelling, passenger flow forecasting and network state predictions into real-time operations. In this study we present the first step in this direction which consists of an empirical analysis of passenger flows to infer travel patterns and service reliability properties. Data mining and transport flow analysis are used to investigate network dynamics at different scales.
Abstract
Smart cities and communities rely on efficient, reliable and robust transport systems. Managing urban public transport systems is becoming increasingly challenging with a [...]
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SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT NETWORK FOR THE URBAN REHABILITATION OF AN OLD TOWN IN SOUTHERN ITALY
G. Galiano, G. Forestieri

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 411
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World-Wide Air Traffic: Route-based versus Direct
A. Kuenz

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 410
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Safety Separation Assessment Based on GBAS Landing System
B. Liang, Z. Shen, X. Li

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 409
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Comparison of First-Come First-Served and Optimization Based Scheduling Algorithms for Integrated Departure and Arrival Management
D. Jeon, H. Lee, Y. Eun, B. Park, Y. Jung, H. Lee, Z. Zhu, H. Lee

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 408
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Calibrating Route Choice Sets for an Urban Public Transport Network using Smart Card Data
S. Shelat, H. Lint, O. Cats, N. Oort

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 200

Abstract
Identifying the set of alternatives from which travellers choose their routes is a crucial step in estimation and application of route choice models. These models are necessary for the prediction of network flows that are vital for the planning of public transport networks. However, choice set identification is typically difficult because while selected routes are observed, those considered are not. Approaches proposed in literature are not completely satisfactory, either lacking transferability across networks (observation-driven methods) or requiring strong assumptions regarding traveller behaviour (uncalibrated choice set generation methodologies (CSGM)). Therefore, this study proposes a constrained enumeration CSGM that applies the non-compensatory decision model, elimination-by-Aspects, for choice set formation. Subjective assumptions of traveller preferences are avoided by calibrating the decision model using observed route choice behaviour from smart card data, which is becoming increasingly available in public transport systems around the world. The calibration procedure also returns two key insights regarding choice set formation behaviour: (i) the ranking of different attributes by their importance, and (ii) the acceptable detours for each attribute. To demonstrate the methodology and investigate choice set formation behaviour, the tram and bus networks of The Hague, Netherlands are used as a case study.
Abstract
Identifying the set of alternatives from which travellers choose their routes is a crucial step in estimation and application of route choice models. These models are necessary [...]
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Being ready for the next Uber: can local government reinvent itself?
T. Cohen

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 407

Abstract
The history of Uber’s interaction with local and national governments is surveyed to provide a case study for the wider issue of the governance of private-sector involvement, technological innovation and disruption in the mobility sector. Uber’s tenacious and highly competitive approach to building markets is identified as a significant challenge to authorities and the limited power they have over Uber (beyond simply refusing access) is acknowledged. Uber’s entry into the delivery of statutory services is identified as a particularly striking development. The case of Uber provides useful insights concerning technological innovation and disruption, but more important is the company’s business model. The analysis enables some findings concerning how authorities can prepare for the “next” Uber: these include working on preparedness (by conducting futures work, for example); on standing arrangements (such as insisting on an open data model); and on responding to the entry of a challenging provider or service, through the use of experimental legislation. Document type: Article
Abstract
The history of Uber’s interaction with local and national governments is surveyed to provide a case study for the wider issue of the governance of private-sector involvement, [...]
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Integration of an Active Suspension System for Better Driving Dynamics and Enhanced Small Overlap Crash Performance
O. Deisser, M. Schaeffer, M. Muenster

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 406

Abstract
Deflection of the crash opponent is a well-known method to improve general crash behavior, as seen with safety fences on motorways. Within the DLR’s Next Generation Car (NGC) project this behavior was applied to the suspension functions of the Urban Modular Vehicle (UMV), a small, fully battery-electric car for four passengers to cover the needs of the inner city inhabitants. To achieve this, a patent pending concept was developed, in which independent wheel actuators turn the car’s front wheels to act as a deflection shield. In addition to the steering actuator, the safety of the UMV is also increased through a second actuator for each wheel controlling the camber angle. Because of the holistic approach of the suspension concept, it weighs less than the suspension of a reference car, but with enhanced driving dynamics through wheel independent toe-in and camber actuators.
Abstract
Deflection of the crash opponent is a well-known method to improve general crash behavior, as seen with safety fences on motorways. Within the DLR’s Next Generation Car [...]
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Influence of permanent deformations of substructure on ballasted and ballastless tracks performance
A. Ramos, A. Correia, R. Calçada, P. Costa

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 404

Abstract
The long-term performance of the railway track is an important factor to be taken into account in the design in order to prevent excessive maintenance costs. Therefore, the prediction and control of the permanent deformation of the substructure are key aspects in the analysis and design of railway track structures. In this paper, the influence of permanent deformations of the substructure on ballasted and ballastless tracks is studied through the numerical modelling. It is intended to study the phenomenology involved, namely, the stress path and its influence in the permanent deformation and long-term behaviour. The numerical model is based on the 2.5D formulation, supported by the FEM-PML (Perfect Matched Layers). The evolution of the stress level (and the stress path in particularly) induced by the train is one of the most important factors involved in the permanent deformation laws. Two loading conditions are analysed related to the passage of two trains with different axle loads, geometry and speed: a conventional passenger train (Alfa Pendular) and a freight train.
Abstract
The long-term performance of the railway track is an important factor to be taken into account in the design in order to prevent excessive maintenance costs. Therefore, the [...]
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Atomlayer
H. Yang, H. Li, X. Cao, L. Song, X. Qiao

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 403

Abstract
hough ReRAM-based convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerators have been widely studied, state-of-the-art solutions suffer from either incapability of training (e.g., ISSAC [1]) or inefficiency of inference (e.g., PipeLayer [2]) due to the pipeline design. In this work, we propose AtomLayer---a universal ReRAM-based accelerator to support both efficient CNN training and inference. AtomLayer uses the atomic layer computation which processes only one network layer each time to eliminate the pipeline related issues such as long latency, pipeline bubbles and large on-chip buffer overhead. For further optimization, we use a unique filter mapping and a data reuse system to minimize the cost of layer switching and DRAM access. Our experimental results show that AtomLayer can achieve higher power efficiency than ISSAC in inference (1.1×) and PipeLayer in training (1.6×), respectively, meanwhile reducing the footprint by 15×.
Abstract
hough ReRAM-based convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerators have been widely studied, state-of-the-art solutions suffer from either incapability of training (e.g., ISSAC [...]
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Innovation Milieus for Mobility – Analysis of Innovation Lab Approaches for the Establishment of Urban Mobility Labs in Austria
G. Breitfuss, M. Berger, L. Doerrzapf

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 402

Abstract
The initiative „Urban Mobility Labs“ (UML), promoted by the Austrian Ministry of Transport, Innovation and Technology, was initiated to support the setup of innovative and experimental environments for research, testing, implementation and transfer of mobility solutions. This should happen by incorporating the scientific community, citizens and stakeholders in politics and administration as well as other groups. The emerging structural frame shall enhance the efficiency and effectivity of the innovation process. This paper gives insights and in-depth analysis of the approaches and experiences gained in the eight UML exploratory projects. These projects were analysed, systematized and enriched with further considerations. Furthermore, knowledge growth about user-centred innovation environments was documented during the exploratory phase.
Abstract
The initiative „Urban Mobility Labs“ (UML), promoted by the Austrian Ministry of Transport, Innovation and Technology, was initiated to support the setup of innovative [...]
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ICT platforms in support of future railway systems
M. ANASTASOPOULOS, A. TZANAKAKI, D. SIMEONIDOU, M. IORDACHE, O. LANGLOIS, J. PHEULPIN

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 401

Abstract
The predicted growth of transport, especially in European railway infrastructures, is expected to introduce a dramatic increase in freight and passenger services by the end of 2050. To support sustainable development of these infrastructures, novel data-driven Information and Communication (ICT) solutions are required. These will enable monitoring, analysis and exploitation of energy and asset information for the entire railway system including power grid, stations, rolling stock and infrastructure. To address these challenges, we propose a dynamically reconfigurable advanced communication platform enabling connectivity between a variety of monitoring devices and computational resources through a heterogeneous network infrastructure. The connectivity, coordination and collaboration required is provided, on an on-demand basis in accordance to the"br/"cloud computing paradigm. The benefits of this platform in the end-to-end service delay and power consumption are quantified over the 5G Bristol is Open network topology. Document type: Contribution for newspaper or weekly magazine
Abstract
The predicted growth of transport, especially in European railway infrastructures, is expected to introduce a dramatic increase in freight and passenger services by the end [...]
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Improvement of Rural Mobility in European Regions Affected by Demographic Change
D. Sitanyiova, S. Masarovicova, S. Golinski, C. Repetto, F. Misso, H. Luketic

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 400

Abstract
Paper presents some of the specific mid-term results of RUMOBIL project. RUMOBIL is project funded by INTERREG CENTRAL EUROPE program. The main objective of RUMOBIL is to improve public transport in rural areas by better connecting them to the national and European transport networks. Project supports transnational cooperation between eight public authorities from Germany, Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Croatia and Italy, and their transport entities. These are confronted with a similar challenge to respond to pressures on regional public transport systems caused by demographic change in peripheral areas. Working together provide them with a platform to exchange knowledge, to generate learning through launching pilot applications of state-of-the art tools and solutions, and to revise their transport policies to better suit changing mobility needs. Quicker and more comfortable access by public transport positively contributes to the quality of life in rural areas and supports business activities there. To that aim, a set of evidence-based policy recommendations will be elaborated at the end of the project to improve the capacities of local and regional decision-makers responsible for the design and coordination of public passenger transport in Central European regions affected by demographic change. These recommendations will be presented in the form of the RUMOBIL Model which provides insights in already proven good practices and novel solutions. Main outputs of RUMOBIL project are pilot actions, the elaboration of a RUMOBIL strategy, and policy-decisions to implement this strategy in the eight partner regions through an improvement of their transport plans. Pilot actions allow testing a number of innovative applications during a period 2017-2018 how sparsely populated peripheral areas can be better linked to a primary, secondary or tertiary transport node (access to European and national passenger transport networks).
Abstract
Paper presents some of the specific mid-term results of RUMOBIL project. RUMOBIL is project funded by INTERREG CENTRAL EUROPE program. The main objective of RUMOBIL is to [...]
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Can light engineering measures make a difference? An overview of the effect of delineation and signage on road safety
A. Ziakopoulos, G. Botteghi, G. Macaluso, A. Theofilatos, E. Papadimitriou, G. Yannis, K. Diamandouros, K. Arampidou

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 399

Abstract
The objective of this study is the examination of several light engineering measures with the explicit purpose of"br" assessing their impact on road safety. Examined categories include delineation and road markings, which can be"br" longitudinal for road segments and transversal for junctions, and installation and maintenance of traffic signs,"br" investigated both in functioning workzones and otherwise. This analysis was carried out within the SafetyCube"br" project. Existing studies were selected and analysed in a set taxonomy consisting of 5 measures: signage"br" installation and improvement for workzones, road markings implementation, installation of chevron signs,"br" edgeline rumble strips and lastly traffic sign installation and traffic sign maintenance. A clearly defined"br" methodology was developed including rigorous literature search, analysis of studies in terms of design, methods"br" and limitations and synthesis of findings and meta-analyses, when feasible. The results of the present study offer"br" valuable insights that were previously undefined can be generalized for other cases with the essential caution due"br" to study particularities.
Abstract
The objective of this study is the examination of several light engineering measures with the explicit purpose of"br" assessing their impact on road safety. Examined categories [...]
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Experience with serious road traffic accidents in Finland and Lithuania
H. Peltola, K. Ratkevičiūtė, V. Jasiūniene, L. Jateikienė, N. Airaksinen

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 398

Abstract
Our main objective is to describe the experience in Finland and Lithuania regarding serious road traffic accidents. In Finland, serious road traffic injuries have been defined using MAIS3+ criteria for accidents since 2014, but in Lithuania serious injuries are not officially recorded. Comparing the experience of the two countries enhanced the information on serious road traffic injuries included in safety data. In the future, the use of MAIS3+ criteria is suggested for Lithuania as well."br" In addition to the comparison between countries, we analyse the poor reporting of serious injuries and consequent bias, as well as the parts of the body that suffer the most severe injuries."br" Finally, we present an in-depth study comparing casualties among pedestrians and bicyclists with casualty-car drivers and explain the results.
Abstract
Our main objective is to describe the experience in Finland and Lithuania regarding serious road traffic accidents. In Finland, serious road traffic injuries have been defined [...]
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Inverting Versus Non-Inverting Dynamic Logic for Two-Phase Latch-free Nanopipelines
M. Avedillo, M. Jimenez, J. Núñez, H. Quintero

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 397

Abstract
Very fine grained latch-free pipelines are successfully used in critical parts of high performance systems. These approaches are based in Domino logic and multi-phase clock schemes. Reducing the number of logic levels per clock phase and the number of phases to the minimum is a potential way to push the limits of speed. However the implementation of such architectures with just one logic level per clock phase and two clock phases is a challenge which requires extremely full-custom design and exhibits robustness concerns. In this paper we show that the non-inverting feature of Domino plays a critical role in these difficulties. We analyze and compare the performance of two-phase gate-level pipelines implemented with Domino and with ILP, an inverting dynamic gate we have proposed. Our experiments confirm that ILP pipelines are much more robust and could simplify design. Peer Reviewed
Abstract
Very fine grained latch-free pipelines are successfully used in critical parts of high performance systems. These approaches are based in Domino logic and multi-phase clock [...]
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CORE case study: Key Performance Indicators for assessing a satellite navigation-based solution for tracking & tracing the transport of dangerous goods
A. Fazio, K. Diamandouros, D. Bettinelli, L. Domanico

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 396

Abstract
CORE is a research project co-funded by the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme. CORE"br" analyses the aspects related to the use of advanced technologies for the freight transport and the logistics, to"br" enhance the visibility and improve the security. The project implements various pilot demonstrations to prove and"br" make concrete verifications in real use cases and along European and intercontinental logistic chains. One of the"br" CORE’s pilot demonstrations concerns a solution integrating GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems)"br" technologies for tracking & tracing the intermodal transport of chemicals and gas throughout road-rail paths across"br" Europe. The developed solution is operated in real business cases/operations and evaluated through KPIs (Key"br" Performance Indicators). In this paper, first an overview of the role of GNSS technology for tracking & tracing"br" the transport of dangerous goods is given, then the CORE solution and demonstration, and the KPIs for the relevant"br" evaluation and assessment, are presented.
Abstract
CORE is a research project co-funded by the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme. CORE"br" analyses the aspects related to the use of advanced technologies [...]
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A major pilot study on LNG Heavy Duty Trucks: New business case for enhanced sustainability in freight transport corridors for manufacturers and retailers
C. Clement, T. Silvana, R. Mark, N. Leonidas, V. Jan-Joris

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 395

Abstract
This study demonstrates the novel perspective of the project called Connect2LNG, under the Connecting Europe"br" Facility instrument of the European Commission. The project addresses the development of a European LNG"br" fuelled freight market from the viewpoint of the so-called ‘Logistics Problem Owners’ and is operated by a"br" multi-national EU consortium coordinated by Unilever Europe Business Center B.V., with the participation of"br" transport and logistics operators, truck manufacturers and the LNG fuel distribution stakeholders. By agreeing on"br" long-term freight volumes and operation routes, transporters can develop a real commercial business case for"br" LNG trucks. This win-win approach will lead to the development of a new business case based on idea that"br" sustainability-targets of manufacturers – in addition to cost – can be a decisive factor in future negotiations"br" between manufactures and transporters. This paper describes the concept, its application, the developments of 5"br" new C-LNG stations, and the pilot with dozens of LNG trucks daily monitored used to evaluate the challenging"br" assumption. Moreover human factor is also examined with some preliminary results provided.
Abstract
This study demonstrates the novel perspective of the project called Connect2LNG, under the Connecting Europe"br" Facility instrument of the European Commission. The project [...]
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Design of a fuel-efficient two-stroke Diesel engine for medium size passenger cars: assessment of the best suited scavenging architecture, stroke-to-bore ratio and air-loop layout
F. RAMPANARIVO, P. RAHIR, J. GALPIN, G. PAOLA, P. BRYNYCH, J. MACEK, K. THEIN, R. NOVELLA, J. CALVO

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 394

Abstract
The European REWARD project (REal World Advanced technologies foR Diesel engines) funded by the European Union within the Horizon 2020 framework aims to develop a new generation of Diesel engines complying with stricter post Euro 6 legislation under real driving conditions, and with lower fuel consumptions. Among the different technologies investigated, a fuel-efficient two-stroke Diesel engine suited for B- and C- class vehicles is designed and experimentally evaluated."br" Two-stroke engines offer high power densities resulting from doubling the combustion frequency compared with four-stroke engines. Despite this attractive advantage, the combustion occurring each revolution involves a very short time for the gas exchange processes and thus, a quasi-overlapping of the exhaust of burnt gases and the intake of fresh gases. This process is called scavenging and has to be properly optimized as it directly affects the overall efficiency of the engine.
Abstract
The European REWARD project (REal World Advanced technologies foR Diesel engines) funded by the European Union within the Horizon 2020 framework aims to develop a new generation [...]
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Multiagent Reinforcement Learning Methods to Resolve Demand Capacity Balance Problems
. Unknown, C. Spatharis, T. Kravaris, G. Vouros, K. Blekas, G. Chalkiadakis, J. Garcia, E. Fernandez

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 393

Abstract
Summarization: In this article, we explore the computation of joint policies for autonomous agents to resolve congestions problems in the air traffic management (ATM) domain. Agents, representing flights, have limited information about others’ payoffs and preferences, and need to coordinate to achieve their tasks while adhering to operational constraints. We formalize the problem as a multiagent Markov decision process (MDP) towards deciding flight delays to resolve demand and capacity balance (DCB) problems in ATM. To this end, we present multiagent reinforcement learning methods that allow agents to interact and form own policies in coordination with others. Experimental study on real-world cases, confirms the effectiveness of our approach in resolving the demand-capacity balance problem. Παρουσιάστηκε στο: 10th Hellenic Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Abstract
Summarization: In this article, we explore the computation of joint policies for autonomous agents to resolve congestions problems in the air traffic management (ATM) domain. [...]
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Boundary Conditions and Incentives Influencing EV Market Success and Consequences for EV Policy Makers
I. Faye, H. Weken, R. Kroon

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 392

Abstract
This paper first presents an overview of the comparative analysis carried out to investigate both the variations and impacts of financial incentives in selected regions of interest, as well as the importance of the stability of such incentives on the uptake of Electric Vehicles. It has been possible to evaluate a threshold approach to analyse the price elasticity of incentives, comparing the EV uptake with the purchase price and TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) premium for a EV compared to an ICE vehicle (Internal Combustion Engine). Additionally an example of the incentive chronology for Norway uncovers societal impacts and interactions of incentives on purchasing behaviour in this region. An initial comparative analysis of the effect of publicly available charging infrastructure comparing Norway with Germany underline observations that public charging infrastructure is a prerequisite but not actually a market driver. Finally, the paper gives an overview of the relevant market and policy frameworks that include comparisons and assessments of financial, infrastructure and regional, local conditions.
Abstract
This paper first presents an overview of the comparative analysis carried out to investigate both the variations and impacts of financial incentives in selected regions of [...]
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Development of an architecture framework for Intelligent Transport Systems
H. Albrecht, H. Drees, J. Lachenmaier, K. Pfähler, L. Rittershaus, W. Scholtes

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 391

Abstract
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) are considered to be the answer to current challenges in road traffic, such as increasing congestion and energy consumption. With the increasing deployment of ITS and new possibilities of digitalisation, the connection and interworking of ITS and ITS services in the form of ITS value chains and networks have become more and more attractive or even indispensable. However, the interoperability of systems and services and the smooth cooperation and collaboration of involved organisations and actors are not an obvious matter. ITS architecture addresses the issue of interoperability in particular, incentivises the deployment of ITS even further and provides organisational, functional and technical guidance."br" This report describes the outline and the status of a German research project with the objective of developing a National ITS Architecture Framework which aims to support ITS activities in Germany. The framework is not based on existing ITS architectures since it is expected to provide a wider view than any ITS architecture before. A common strategy and vision of all involved actors are the core of the approach. They are the foundation of the business architecture which describes the functional decomposition of the system and the relationships between organisations. Strategy and business architecture also represent the top layers of the so called ITS architecture pyramid and distinguish the presented ITS architecture framework from others. The TOGAF Architecture Development Method has been used and tailored to the needs of ITS architecture since it excellently integrates the core aspects and provides a step-by-step guidance for the complete process of developing an ITS architecture.
Abstract
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) are considered to be the answer to current challenges in road traffic, such as increasing congestion and energy consumption. With the increasing [...]
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First steps towards a modelling toolbox suitable for evaluating resilience of German inland waterways in context of climate change
A. Kikillus, R. Patzwahl, M. Brunel, N. Huber

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 390

Abstract
modelling approach to study climate change impact and adaptation strategies on German inland waterways is presented. In the German federal research program “Network of Experts” a modelling chain that consists of an ensemble of global and regional climate and hydrological models is used to generate hydrological data for a range of climate scenarios. This data serves as input in a novel approach to interlink river engineering related models. As shown for the case study Lower Rhine in Germany, nested one-dimensional, long-term morphodynamic numerical modelling on a large spatial and temporal scale and two-dimensional hydrodynamic-numerical modelling on a more detailed level will be carried out. The River Navigation Assessment Tool (RiNA) connects and weighs model outputs and limitless further information for conducting an integrated waterway assessment. It allows an efficient use of modelling resources and could serve as a decision-making tool for the German Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration to cope with the impacts of climate change.
Abstract
modelling approach to study climate change impact and adaptation strategies on German inland waterways is presented. In the German federal research program “Network of Experts” [...]
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A novel ventilation control strategy with piston effect for optimal management in a subway station
A. Bernardinis, M. Sabah, L. Galaï-Dol

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 389

Abstract
In this paper, we develop a novel approach for electrical daily management of subway station ventilation applied"br" to a microgrid. Piston effect caused by the train air pressure is modelled. It is integrated into the control strategy"br" in order to improve the motor speed’s dynamic characteristics. The air flow control is emulated on a laboratory"br" experimental test bench."br" The main purpose of the paper is the speed control of the ventilation by considering different external data (Air"br" quality, temperature…) and without reducing the equipment lifetime. For achieving it, two control strategies are"br" necessary: High-level control and Low-level control."br" The high-level control is an airflow input control considering external data, this input is converted into rotational"br" speed according to the fan characteristics. The motor speed is controlled in function of this input."br" The low-level control takes back the high level-control in order to improve the motor dynamics for high"br" frequency."br" A piston effect, due to the forced-air flow inside a tunnel or shaft caused by moving trains, disturbs the"br" ventilation control. The piston effect is seen like a resistive torque by the system and is taken into account in the"br" high-level control strategy. The air flow control dynamic is reproduced on a laboratory test bench at reduced"br" scale.
Abstract
In this paper, we develop a novel approach for electrical daily management of subway station ventilation applied"br" to a microgrid. Piston effect caused by the train air [...]
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Smartphones & co – extent and consequences of distraction in traffic
M. Pilgerstorfer, S. Agbontaen

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 388

Abstract
To investigate distraction on the roads in detail and identify measures to counteract the underestimated danger it poses, the Austrian Road Safety Board (KFV) has studied this issue at length. In addition to literature research, accidents and accident causes have been analysed. Survey have likewise been conducted with road users (motorists, cyclists and pedestrians) and augmented by observation activities in real road settings. A driving simulator study was used to investigate the driving behaviour and eye movements of car drivers when distracted at the wheel. The findings confirm the danger posed by distraction. In the observation study, 29% of pedestrians and 8% of cyclists were visibly distracted. Distraction could likewise be assumed for 50% of the car drivers observed. In the driving simulator study, reading and typing on a mobile phone in particular led to a clearly slower reaction to critical incidents and an increased risk of accident. In addition to making corresponding proposals, KFV also implements measures to raise awareness.
Abstract
To investigate distraction on the roads in detail and identify measures to counteract the underestimated danger it poses, the Austrian Road Safety Board (KFV) has studied [...]
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Aviation made by Fraunhofer IML. Innovations & Digitization in Logistics - AR: Presentation held at IATA Aviation Virtual and Augmented Reality Summit, AVARS 2019, 7.-9. September 2019, Crans Montana, CH
H. Sieke

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 193
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Deployment of industrial agents in a smart parking system
L. Sakurada, J. Barbosa, P. Leitão

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 190

Abstract
In recent years, the intense urbanization, and consequently the traffic congestion, has been a major concern of large cities. In this context, the development of smart parkings is a suitable solution to deal with this problem. However, the complexity and requirements imposed by such large-scale systems are an obstacle to its easy implementation. In this sense, it is fundamental to adopt emergent ICT and Artificial Intelligence technologies that are capable to address the imposed requirements. Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) is a suitable approach to face this challenge by providing modularity, flexibility, reconfigurability and fast response to condition change based on its decentralized nature. The use of such agent-based solutions to control physical assets, create novel systems entitled Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) where the interconnection between the cyber and the physical parts is a crucial issue. This paper focuses the interface between the software agents of a smart parking system with the physical control devices of the parking spots. For this purpose, different interface practices were implemented and tested, considering different interaction schemes and technologies. These alternative interface practices were analyzed taking into consideration the response time, scalability and re-usability parameters. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Abstract
In recent years, the intense urbanization, and consequently the traffic congestion, has been a major concern of large cities. In this context, the development of smart parkings [...]
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A Review of Aspects, Issues, Contributions and Challenges of Life Cycle Emissions
M. Kapetanović, N. Oort, A. Nunez, R. Goverde

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 189

Abstract
This paper presents a review of research and models regarding sustainability of railway passenger services. In order to take into account all relevant aspects in terms of environmental impacts of a railway passenger service, a holistic system perspective is required, that includes a whole life cycle assessment. A life cycle approach is important since comparison of for instance only the exhaust emissions of an electric vehicle with a petrol vehicle is misleading, due to neglecting the emissions of for instance electrical energy production process. Thus, all stages in energy carrier, vehicle and infrastructure life cycles are to be considered. Existing models are analyzed, as well as possible developments, focusing on diesel and electrical traction as the most common traction options in use, and on GHG emissions, especially on CO2, which takes the greatest part in all emissions. Issues and challenges in improving the environmental impact of railway passenger services are addressed. Additionally, several areas are indicated where environmental aspects could be included in future assessment models. The main challenge is answering how the existing partial assessments can be brought together and, together with filling the identified gaps, allow to conduct a comprehensive LCA which will produce real-world emissions estimations. Results of this paper will be used as an input in developing a framework for quantifying and improving overall environmental impacts of a railway passenger service.
Abstract
This paper presents a review of research and models regarding sustainability of railway passenger services. In order to take into account all relevant aspects in terms of [...]
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Multi-objective analysis of ridesharing in automated mobility-on-demand
M. Cap, J. Alonso-Mora

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 386

Abstract
Self-driving technology is expected to enable the realization of large-scale mobility-on-demand systems that employ massive ridesharing. The technology is being celebrated as a potential cure for urban congestion and others negative externalities of individual automobile transportation. In this paper, we quantify the potential of ridesharing with a fleet of autonomous vehicles by considering all possible trade-offs between the quality of service and operation cost of the system that can be achieved by sharing rides. We formulate a multi-objective fleet routing problem and present a solution technique that can compute Pareto-optimal fleet operation plans that achieve different trade- offs between the two objectives. Given a set of requests and a set of vehicles, our method can recover a trade-off curve that quantifies the potential of ridesharing with given fleet. We provide a formal optimality proof and demonstrate that the proposed method is scalable and able to compute such trade-off curves for instances with hundreds of vehicles and requests optimally. Such an analytical tool helps with systematic design of shared mobility system, in particular, it can be used to make principled decisions about the required fleet size.
Abstract
Self-driving technology is expected to enable the realization of large-scale mobility-on-demand systems that employ massive ridesharing. The technology is being celebrated [...]
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Analysis of Driving Behaviour Characteristics Based on Smartphone Data
E. Papadimitriou, D. Tselentis, G. Yannis

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 385

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to detect and analyze risky driving behaviour characteristics on the basis of smartphone data, with focus on key risk indicators, namely the number of harsh driving events and the use of mobile phone while driving. Driving behaviour analytics data from a naturalistic driving experiment are exploited in this research recorded by smartphone devices. The driving indicators that are collected include distance travelled, speed, accelerations, brakings, turnings, cornerings, and related ‘events’ in the form of harsh maneuvers (e.g. harsh acceleration, braking, etc.), as well as mobile phone use. One hundred drivers participated in the designed experiment during a 4-months timeframe and a large database of 18,850 trips was built. The results of this research reveal that distraction originating from smartphone usage has a serious impact on the number of harsh events that occur per kilometer and subsequently on the relative crash risk. Furthermore, mobile phone use while driving may be accurately “detected” by smartphone sensors data in more than 70% of cases.
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to detect and analyze risky driving behaviour characteristics on the basis of smartphone data, with focus on key risk indicators, namely the [...]
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Which factors influence non-motorized mobility and mode choice? A practical application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour.
A. Eichhorn, E. Aigner-Breuss, E. Braun

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 384

Abstract
Motivity and health are key prerequisites for safe, independent and injury-free mobility and, subsequently, basic conditions for well-being and social participation in advanced years. To address the importance of active mobility with increasing age, the project “Pimp your Skills”, funded by the Austrian Road Safety Fund, was carried out (Eichhorn et al., 2016). The project aimed at identifying factors relating to mobility behaviour as well as the underlying motives behind such behaviour by means of a population survey. The theory of planned behaviour was used to explain non-motorised mobility behaviour for the target group, namely the current elderly (65+ years of age) as well as the future elderly (50+ years of age). The determining factors for walking and cycling were examined, and regression analyses carried out. The results show that meaningful relationships between behavioural beliefs, perceived skills, habits and subjective norms could be established for cycling and walking behaviour.
Abstract
Motivity and health are key prerequisites for safe, independent and injury-free mobility and, subsequently, basic conditions for well-being and social participation in advanced [...]
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A local/global approach for predicting welding distortions in automotive chassis design
C. Renzi, D. Panari, F. Leali

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 383

Abstract
Hybridised road vehicles constitute a major enabler to reach future CO2 targets and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in general, and play an important role in ensuring better air quality in urban areas and energy savings. Anyway, batteries and electric components represent a major load for a vehicle, so that lightweight design is a major target for automotive engineers. Lightweight materials, such as aluminium, are more and more adopted in chassis design even if the assembly process represents a challenge from a technological point of view, especially due to the distortions caused by the welding process. Thermal-Elastic-Plastic (TEP) FEA simulations, which are capable to provide acceptable results, require high computational efforts, for simulating complex geometries. To overcome this problem, in this paper, the local-global approach has been adopted. A top class car automotive aluminum chassis has been chosen as a case study. As a novel contribution, a sensitivity analysis has been added, in order to include tolerances in future FEA models.
Abstract
Hybridised road vehicles constitute a major enabler to reach future CO2 targets and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in general, and play an important role in ensuring better [...]
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Network-wide assessment of 4D trajectory adjustments using an agent-based model
S. Piero Mazzarisi

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 188

Abstract
This paper presents results from the SESAR ER3 Domino project. It focuses on an ECAC-wide assessment of two 4D-adjustment mechanisms, implemented separately and conjointly. These reflect flight behaviour en-route and at-gate, optimising given (cost) objective functions. New metrics designed to capture network effects are used to analyse the results of a microscopic, agent-based model. The results show that some implementations of the mechanisms allow the protection of the network from ‘domino’ effects. Airlines focusing on costs may trigger additional side-effects on passengers, displaying, in some instances, clear trade-offs between passenger- and flight-centric metrics.
Abstract
This paper presents results from the SESAR ER3 Domino project. It focuses on an ECAC-wide assessment of two 4D-adjustment mechanisms, implemented separately and conjointly. [...]
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Analytically designed - agreed by construction contract: asphalt pavements in the area of conflict between theory and reality
S. Lipke

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 382

Abstract
In recent years, new construction contract (functional and concession) forms were developed in German. For these"br" types of contracts, but also for variant solutions under conventional tenders the possibility exists to abstain from a"br" standardized structure design according to the RStO (guideline) and instead make an individual design. Therefore"br" the guidelines for the analytical design of the construction of traffic areas with asphalt pavement have been"br" developed and announced. By using the method of analytical design the layer thicknesses of the asphalt construction"br" is primarily defined in dependence of the material properties of the used asphalts. To determine the required sizing"br" relevant asphalt properties, these are essentially fatigue and stiffness, additional material investigations are"br" necessary. The effort for these investigations significantly exceeds the effort for a initial type testing. When using a"br" standardized construction for asphalt pavements, it is sufficient to settle in the contractual settlement compositional"br" features and void content and compaction of the final layer and to check out during construction."br" Prior to the contractual agreements two key questions must be answered: First, how the material properties change"br" in phase of initial testing in the laboratory, the production of the asphaltmixes and the effects of construction"br" (asphalt-paver, rollers). This question was investigated in research-projects in which parallel to the classical contract"br" management the required investigations have been made. The previous evaluations provide clues as to what asphalt"br" properties do not change much, or where relatively safe can be inferred from the results of the initial type testing of"br" the expected outcome of the built-layer and in which properties of this connection is not as stringent."br" The second question concerns the nature and extent of tests, which are necessary to check out the construction work."br" The procedure according to the ZTV-Asphalt (guideline) requires a test check each 6.000 m² produced surface. Due"br" to the large number of cores to be removed and to be tested (about 15 per section) this procedure is not practicable"br" and would already result to a variety of weaknesses in the new construction. In order to find a workable and"br" mutually acceptable solution, possible solutions are considered in various research-projects. One of these"br" possibilities to check out the performed construction work shall be presented in the paper and the results are"br" discussed. The defined test grid in the ZTV-Asphalt (site-specific assessment criteria) will be maintained. However"br" the full extent of testing to determine the design relevant properties of asphalt was not carried out for each field of"br" test grid. Rather a reasonable allocation of the required number of asphalt tests to be carried out was made on"br" several sections (and at one point the entire scope of investigation was carried out). In combination of all test results"br" so there can be an assessment of the construction work in relation to the underlying design. This represents a"br" reduction of investigation costs, labor and time effort but also less damage to the asphalt layers newly produced"br" while maintaining the same quality analyzes of the obtained results.
Abstract
In recent years, new construction contract (functional and concession) forms were developed in German. For these"br" types of contracts, but also for variant solutions under [...]
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HIPE: HMC Instruction Predication Extension Applied on Database Processing
M. Alves, E. Almeida, P. Santos, L. Carro, D. Tome

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 381

Abstract
The recent Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC) is a smart memory which includes functional units inside one logic layer of the 3D stacked memory design. In order to execute instructions inside the Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC), the processor needs to send instructions to be executed near data, keeping most of the pipeline complexity inside the processor. Thus, control-flow and data-flow dependencies are all managed inside the processor, in such way that only update instructions are supported by the HMC. In order to solve data-flow dependencies inside the memory, previous work proposed HMC Instruction Vector Extensions (HIVE), which embeds a high number of functional units with a interlock register bank. In this work we propose HMC Instruction Prediction Extensions (HIPE), that supports predicated execution inside the memory, in order to transform control-flow dependencies into data-flow dependencies. Our mechanism focus on removing the high latency iteration between the processor and the smart memory during the execution of branches that depends on data processed inside the memory. In this paper we evaluate a balanced design of HIVE comparing to x86 and HMC executions. After we show the HIPE mechanism results when executing a database workload, which is a strong candidate to use smart memories. We show interesting trade-offs of performance when comparing our mechanism to previous work.
Abstract
The recent Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC) is a smart memory which includes functional units inside one logic layer of the 3D stacked memory design. In order to execute instructions [...]
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Impact assessment of an intelligent central tire inflation system for passenger cars
S. D'Ambrosio, E. Mameli, R. Vitolo

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 379

Abstract
Tire inflation pressure affects vehicle energetic balance, as well as road safety. These issues are particularly critical due to the low attention paid by the drivers to tire maintenance. Tire pressure monitoring systems are used to alert the drivers in case of low pressure, but higher benefits could be obtained through a completely autonomous on-board system capable of setting the optimal tire pressure according to current working conditions and of automatically inflate or deflate tires. Basing on computer simulations on fuel economy of a reference mid-size diesel passenger car, and referring to statistical data on vehicle use, the potentialities of such a device is evaluated on an annual mission. The results are then extended to the whole European fleet to provide an estimation of the potential benefits that could be obtained through massive adoption of this solution. The impact is evaluated through an economical evaluation of: fuel savings, reduction of social cost of carbon emissions, increase of tire life and reduction of costs related to crashes produced by improper tire pressure.
Abstract
Tire inflation pressure affects vehicle energetic balance, as well as road safety. These issues are particularly critical due to the low attention paid by the drivers to tire [...]
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An Empirical Analysis of External Marginal Costs for Passengers and Freight Transport: The Paris Case Study
F. Combes, N. Coulombel, M. Koning

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 378

Abstract
This paper provides a first appraisal of welfare losses caused by urban road freight in the Paris region, including congestion and the main environmental impacts. To do so, we calibrate an aggregate supply-demand model of passenger and freight road transport. Demand is represented by two independent functions, which in practice aggregate OD matrices generated by the freight model FRETURB and by the 4-step model MODUS regarding passenger travel. Supply functions are co-dependent and account for congestion within a multiclass framework, based in practice on the road assignment module of MODUS. We find that the current (un-tolled) situation leads to substantial welfare losses (2M€ per hour). Trucks account for 18% of these losses, though representing only 4% of total traffic. Indeed, the marginal social cost of heavy vehicles is significantly larger than for light vehicles (4.81€/vkm vs. 1.54€/vkm). Still, under reasonable assumptions we find that traffic mitigation efforts should focus more on light vehicles than on heavy vehicles in the Paris region in order to improve social welfare.
Abstract
This paper provides a first appraisal of welfare losses caused by urban road freight in the Paris region, including congestion and the main environmental impacts. To do so, [...]
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Subjective Safety and Risk Perception: Results from the European Survey on Road Users' Safety Attitudes (ESRA)
G. Furian, S. Kaiser, C. Brandstätter

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 376

Abstract
The first ESRA (European Survey of Road users’ safety Attitudes) survey – a joint initiative of research organisations and road safety institutes in 20 European countries – was conducted online in 2015/2016 using representative samples of at least n=1,000 of the national adult populations in these countries. The survey aimed at collecting comparable data on road users’ opinions, attitudes and behaviour with respect to road traffic risks. This paper puts its focus on the main results of the 2015/2016 ESRA survey concerning subjective safety and risk perception in traffic. For both topics, general perception of road safety issues, the feeling of (un)safety regarding different transport modes, risk perception of causes for accidents, confrontation with risky behaviours of other road users and self-reported involvement in road crashes were analysed at an European level. The association between road fatalities and subjective concern as well as between (un)safe feeling in different transport modes and fatality rates was covered in a further analysis.
Abstract
The first ESRA (European Survey of Road users’ safety Attitudes) survey – a joint initiative of research organisations and road safety institutes in 20 European countries [...]
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Maritime Education in EU: Strengths and Challenges
E. Boulougouris, L. Chrysinas, G. Vavourakis, P. Mizythras

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 375

Abstract
In a global competitive world, the education progress from school to University and the continuous professional training is the key to enhance productivity, employability and social stability. Continuous education is a key issue for the evolution of human being, not only in the professional sector of life but also in the personal life, enhancing important elements of the character and personality for each individual. Furthermore, new technologies, regulations and policies in maritime industry reveal the necessity for additional educational schemes that will cover the market needs. Considering the growing challenges of port, shipping and logistics, TrainMoS II and On The MoS Way Network (OTMW-N) European projects aimed to the development of students and professionals skills and laid the foundations for a cross-European maritime educational system. TrainMoS II was the evolution of the TrainMoS project, improving the tools developed during the first phase and covering a whole new range of technical and operational topics, including alternative fuels and technologies, logistic issues (including Single Window Directive 65/2010), damage control (incl. IMO ‘Safe Return to Port’ concept) and evacuation/crisis management operations. TrainMoS II focused on the provision of professional training and vocational education activities to undergraduates and professionals who belong to different sectors in the multimodal transport chain. Individual Modules were open to attendance from students to require a Continuous Professional Development (CPD) certification. At the same time, OTMW-N covered the training needs in the use of alternative fuels in marine industry, such as LNG. OTMW-N was also offering professional training and vocational education through a series of activities in which students obtain the opportunity to enhance their academic background and to implement it in simulation programmes. The present paper presents the results and the contribution of these projects to the maritime community. Stakeholder needs from different sectors of maritime industry are examined and the outcomes of the aforementioned projects are presented and discussed. Document type: Conference object
Abstract
In a global competitive world, the education progress from school to University and the continuous professional training is the key to enhance productivity, employability [...]
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Business Insights of Innovative Logistics Services – discussing Models, Strategy and Markets
I. Stamos, L. Konstantinopoulou

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 374

Abstract
Within this paper, we present and discuss the viability of potential business model for innovative logistics services, as developed within the EC funded AEOLIX project. To overcome the fragmentation and lack of connectivity of ICT-based information systems for logistics decision making, AEOLIX aims to establish a cloud-based collaborative logistics ecosystem for configuring and managing (logistics-related) information pipelines. Its overarching business model, that of a platform, as opposed to the conventional linear flow pipe models, is presented herein, along with the ways it will create value by facilitating exchanges between two or more users and thus allows users to both produce and consume values. The basic structure of the AEOLIX business model is presented, with its users, value unit, filter and core interaction dimensions explicitly described. The paper also positions its efforts in regard to similar endeavours and discusses the pros and cons of an exchange or a platform business model for logistics services before mapping out potential users and innovative approaches to engage them. The paper concludes with insights on the business success factors of logistics platforms and their monetization and economics potential in the short future.
Abstract
Within this paper, we present and discuss the viability of potential business model for innovative logistics services, as developed within the EC funded AEOLIX project. To [...]
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Are You Clear About " Well Clear " ?
G. Manfredi, Y. Jestin

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 373

Abstract
International audience; Regulations from the ICAO use the term Well Clear without defining it. Now, this definition is needed to design air traffic Detect And Avoid systems. A definition is currently discussed at the ICAO level, with work on the associated Remain Well Clear (RWC) function underway at standardisation bodies level (RTCA, EUROCAE). But many members of the communities impacted by these works are not well aware of their state. To adress this lack of awareness, this paper provides three contributions. First, it derives from ICAO texts the components of a RWC function: boundaries, alerts and guidances. These are linked to essential elements required to define the Well Clear term: a start and end, the actors involved, and the expected actions. Second, it summarizes the current regulatory efforts in RTCA, EUROCAE and ICAO regarding the Well Clear and Remain Well Clear notions. Third, it proposes discussion topics to move forward. From a DAA perspective, the notion of Well Clear is key to unlock RPAS full integration, i.e. operation in all classes of airspaces. Though existing works make good progress, the ressources engaged on this topic seem insufficient when compared with the complexity and importance of the task at hand.
Abstract
International audience; Regulations from the ICAO use the term Well Clear without defining it. Now, this definition is needed to design air traffic Detect And Avoid systems. [...]
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Evaluation and comparative analysis of road transport emissions evolution in different European countries: The case studies of Portugal, Romania, Spain, and Sweden.
P. Tafidis, E. Macedo, J. Teixeira, M. Coelho, J. Bandeira

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 371

Abstract
Road transport is one of the most important contributing sectors of Europe’s total emissions. The target of European Union (EU) road transport policy is to promote a more efficient and environmentally friendly mobility. In order to achieve its strategic goals, several measures were introduced to encourage implementation of more environmentally friendly technical engine standards. National car fleet composition can have significant impacts on emissions and energy consumption. This study aims to provide a comparative analysis of the contribution of road fleet composition in emissions and show the evolution of emissions costs on national economies for four European countries. Annual emissions of each country were estimated using official data and emission costs for various pollutants were calculated based on most updated values of damage costs. Results show a significant technological change in vehicles’ engines can contribute to reduce the environmental impacts of transport.
Abstract
Road transport is one of the most important contributing sectors of Europe’s total emissions. The target of European Union (EU) road transport policy is to promote a more [...]
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European Competitiveness in Commercial Hybrid and Automotive Powertrains (ECOCHAMPS): A Modular System and Standardization Framework (MSF) and the Development of MSF-conform Components
G. Arts, S. Edwards, W. Dorp, S. Beyersdorfer, N. Bois

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 370

Abstract
The objective of the ECOCHAMPS project is to develop efficient, compact, low weight, robust and cost effective hybrid powertrains for both passenger cars and commercial vehicles. The targeted improvements are an increased functionality, improved performance, comfort, safety and emissions levels below Euro 6 or VI. In total five demonstrator vehicles will be built, which contain components that are newly developed within the project. A key topic in ECOCHAMPS is the Modular System and Standardization Framework (MSF), a pre-standard framework. Whilst for light duty vehicles (hybrid passenger cars) there are existing standards for drivetrain components and electrically driven auxiliaries, no such similar standards exist for heavy duty vehicles. This paper focuses on the MSF approach, the development of MSF-conform drivetrain components and auxiliaries, the results from the component integration into the demonstrator vehicles and the outlook for the final demonstrator vehicle assessment.
Abstract
The objective of the ECOCHAMPS project is to develop efficient, compact, low weight, robust and cost effective hybrid powertrains for both passenger cars and commercial vehicles. [...]
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Internet Acceleration with LISP Traffic Engineering and Multipath TCP
C. Phung, S. Secci, M. Coudron

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 369

Abstract
International audience; —We present different design options to implement Augmented Multipath Transmission Control Protocol (A-MPTCP) communications via a Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol (LISP) Traffic Engineering (TE) overlay network. MPTCP allows a TCP connection using multiple subflows to maximize resource usage. LISP is a routing and addressing architecture that provides new semantics for IP communications, by separating the device identity (endpoint identifier) from its location (routing locator) using two different numbering spaces. Our proposition is to adopt a LISP overlay network with traffic engineering capabilities to steer MPTCP subflows across wide-area Internet networks. The resulting augmentation consists of a subflow forwarding that can reach edge bottleneck capacity and surround inter-domain transit bottlenecks and inefficient paths. It can be particularly useful for cases where, even if endpoints are single-homed, inter-domain path diversity can be grasped by the LISP-TE network overlay. We specify the different modes at which this augmentation can take place, from stateless and light modes with very limited management in the network, to stateful and advanced modes implementable by a network provider desiring a higher control on the network. Based on extensive experimentation on the worldwide LISP testbed, we show that the achievable gains up 25% in throughput, while identifying required further improvements.
Abstract
International audience; —We present different design options to implement Augmented Multipath Transmission Control Protocol (A-MPTCP) communications via a Locator/Identifier [...]
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AUTOCITS – Regulation study for interoperability in the adoption of autonomous driving in European urban nodes
R. Castiñeira, M. Gil, J. Naranjo, F. Jiménez, P. Serra, A. Valejo, C. Premebida, A. Asvadi, M. Abualhoul, F. Nashashibi

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 368

Abstract
International audience; The technological advances of autonomous and connected road vehicles have been shown an accelerating pace in the recent years. On the other hand, the regulations for autonomous, or driverless, road vehicles across Europe still deserve much attention and discussion. In this paper, we introduce the AUTOCITS project which has the main goals of conducting studies on the regulations for the adoption of autonomous cars in Europe, and also to carry out C-ITS Pilots in Madrid, Paris and Lisbon. AUTOCITS aims to contribute, directly or indirectly, to European related policy and reference documents on vehicle automation, regulations, connected and automated driving, and related road infrastructure issues due to the trend towards higher levels of connectivity and automation, where information provided via C-ITS can be truly catalyst for connected and autonomous driving. The project will specially focus on the communication links performance and connectivity between automated vehicles using C-ITS applications connectivity and automation ;, in particular, applications increase surrounding environment awareness in relation to infrastructure and ensure both road and driver safety requirements issues and using the regulation framework. AUTOCITS is an innovation project (CEF Program) that aims to facilitate the deployment of autonomous vehicles in urban nodes by developing intelligent transport services based on cooperative systems (C-ITS) that will enable vehicles, users and infrastructures to communicate, exchange, and share information. Document type: Conference object
Abstract
International audience; The technological advances of autonomous and connected road vehicles have been shown an accelerating pace in the recent years. On the other hand, the [...]
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Effects of Future Connected Autonomous Vehicles on Freeway Congestion using Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping
H. Janzen, H. Kutgun, V. Pont

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 367

Abstract
Continuing population growth and urbanization are projected to add 2.5 billion people to the world's urban population by 2050 [1]. It is evident that this will increase traffic congestion especially in the urban areas, which will bring economic, safety, environmental and quality of life challenges. There are various organizations looking for possible solutions to reduce the impact of future congestion by long term planning [2], most of these studies don't take into account emergence of disruptive technologies. The concept of vehicles with autonomous driving and online connectivity capabilities, namely, connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) is an emerging technology [3] which may contribute to the solution of this problem through adoption. This paper aims to shed light on effect of different levels of CAV adoption on congestion through scenario planning with fuzzy cognitive mapping. Different future scenarios on CAV adoption based on research and development being done on CAV technology [3] are run through a fuzzy cognitive model of congestion developed through detailed literature review. Results indicate CAV adoption provides an opportunity for reducing congestion. Therefore suggesting, investing in CAV enabling upgrades of existing roads, and giving incentives for CAV adoption, is a viable option for city planners' and local governments' project portfolios to reduce congestion.
Abstract
Continuing population growth and urbanization are projected to add 2.5 billion people to the world's urban population by 2050 [1]. It is evident that this will increase traffic [...]
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Characterizing Deep-Learning I/O Workloads in TensorFlow
P. Herman, S. Narasimhamurthy, S. Markidis, S. Chien, L. Santos, C. Sishtla, E. Laure

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 366

Abstract
The performance of Deep-Learning (DL) computing frameworks rely on the performance of data ingestion and checkpointing. In fact, during the training, a considerable high number of relatively small files are first loaded and pre-processed on CPUs and then moved to accelerator for computation. In addition, checkpointing and restart operations are carried out to allow DL computing frameworks to restart quickly from a checkpoint. Because of this, I/O affects the performance of DL applications. In this work, we characterize the I/O performance and scaling of TensorFlow, an open-source programming framework developed by Google and specifically designed for solving DL problems. To measure TensorFlow I/O performance, we first design a micro-benchmark to measure TensorFlow reads, and then use a TensorFlow mini-application based on AlexNet to measure the performance cost of I/O and checkpointing in TensorFlow. To improve the checkpointing performance, we design and implement a burst buffer. We find that increasing the number of threads increases TensorFlow bandwidth by a maximum of 2.3x and 7.8x on our benchmark environments. The use of the tensorFlow prefetcher results in a complete overlap of computation on accelerator and input pipeline on CPU eliminating the effective cost of I/O on the overall performance. The use of a burst buffer to checkpoint to a fast small capacity storage and copy asynchronously the checkpoints to a slower large capacity storage resulted in a performance improvement of 2.6x with respect to checkpointing directly to slower storage on our benchmark environment. Comment: Accepted for publication at pdsw-DISCS 2018
Abstract
The performance of Deep-Learning (DL) computing frameworks rely on the performance of data ingestion and checkpointing. In fact, during the training, a considerable high number [...]
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Design of Signal Timing Plan for Urban Signalized Networks including Left Turn Prohibition
Q. Tang, Q. Tang, B. Friedrich

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 365

Abstract
Urban road networks may benefit from left turn prohibition at signalized intersections regarding capacity, for particular traffic demand patterns. The objective of this paper is to propose a method for minimizing the total travel time by prohibiting left turns at intersections. With the flows obtained from the stochastic user equilibrium model, we were able to derive the stage generation, stage sequence, cycle length, and the green durations using a stage-based method which can handle the case that stages are sharing movements. The final output is a list of the prohibited left turns in the network and a new signal timing plan for every intersection. The optimal list of prohibited left turns was found using a genetic algorithm, and a combination of several algorithms was employed for the signal timing plan. The results show that left turn prohibition may lead to travel time reduction. Therefore, when designing a signal timing plan, left turn prohibition should be considered on a par with other left turn treatment options. Document type: Article
Abstract
Urban road networks may benefit from left turn prohibition at signalized intersections regarding capacity, for particular traffic demand patterns. The objective of this paper [...]
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Inconsistent Results of Roundabout Implementation: A Case Study in Louisiana, USA
X. Sun, Y. He, A. Rahman

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 364

Abstract
Because of its historically good performance in many European countries, roundabout has been promoted in the United States since 1990’s. Generally roundabout provides an opportunity to improve traffic flow efficiency and reduce traffic conflicts when designed and located appropriately. Louisiana currently has 25 roundabouts in operation and more than couple of hundreds of roundabouts in design and planning stage. Although the advantages of roundabout have been documented in the U.S., the safety benefits may vary significantly due to uniqueness of each location’s conditions and detailed design selections."br" A study conducted in Louisiana has revealed some interesting results on the safety benefits of roundabout applications from 15 locations. Minimum six years of crash information for each location were used in the analyses including not only the crash database, but also the original crash reports. Through reading the original crash reports, the research team obtained many interesting information from the narratives and collision diagram of original crash report, which proved to be very beneficial in identifying design issues and human factors relating to crash occurrences and consequences (severity)."br" The combined analysis (before-and-after and reviewing crash report) generally demonstrated that the level of success of a roundabout depends on the design details and local driving behavior. With inconsistent results in changes of total crashes before and after roundabout implementation, the analyses show that all roundabout intersections experienced a reduction in severe crashes, but increase in single-vehicle running-off-roadway crashes. The changes in total crashes varied by type of previous traffic control and design details. The significant increase of non-collision crashes (single vehicle crashes) at all roundabout intersections during the first three years of operation may result from unfamiliarity with roundabout operation, distracted drivers, large vehicles with difficulties negotiating curvature and application policy, i.e., lack of intersection lighting at rural areas. By and large, it is clear that the safety effectiveness of roundabout varied with location and design details. In order to optimize roundabout benefit at a particular location, designers must pay close attention to location geometric layout, surrounding environment, and land use. Failure to recognize the unique characteristics at each individual location may lead to unintended results.
Abstract
Because of its historically good performance in many European countries, roundabout has been promoted in the United States since 1990’s. Generally roundabout provides an [...]
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Asynchronous Convergence of Policy-Rich Distributed Bellman-Ford Routing Protocols
A. Gurney, T. Griffin, M. Daggitt

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 363

Abstract
We present new results in the theory of asynchronous convergence for the Distributed Bellman-Ford (DBF) family of routing protocols which includes distance-vector protocols (e.g. RIP) and path-vector protocols (e.g. BGP). We take the \\emph{strictly increasing} conditions of Sobrinho and make three main new contributions. First, we show that the conditions are sufficient to guarantee that the protocols will converge to a \\emph{unique} solution, preventing the possibility of BGP wedgies. Second, we decouple the computation from the asynchronous context in which it occurs, allowing us to reason about a more relaxed model of asynchronous computation in which routing messages can be lost, reordered, and duplicated. Third, our theory and results have been fully formalised in the Agda theorem prover and the resulting library is publicly available for others to use and extend. This is in line with the increasing emphasis on formal verification of software for critical infrastructure.
Abstract
We present new results in the theory of asynchronous convergence for the Distributed Bellman-Ford (DBF) family of routing protocols which includes distance-vector protocols [...]
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Estimating costs and benefits of C-ITS deployment in Austria, England and the Netherlands using the Cobra+ tool
K. Malone, F. Ognissanto, P. Nitsche, A. Soekroella, J. Hopkin

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 362

Abstract
Cooperative systems which rely on vehicle-to-infrastructure communications are designed to tackle important road"br" transport issues, such as safety and pollution. Since the associated monetary commitment is substantial, a clear"br" understanding of the appropriate business models and likely costs, impacts and benefits is necessary before"br" investment decisions can be made. A tool for estimating the costs and benefits, from both business and the societal"br" point of view, was developed in the COBRA+ project, to assist National Road Authorities (NRA) during their"br" decision processes. This paper illustrates the application of the tool to use cases in Austria, England and the"br" Netherlands. The study identifies some of the key aspects to focus on in order to achieve a beneficial balance"br" between costs and positive impacts. Findings reveal that the costs are likely to be higher than the monetised benefits"br" over the time period investigated (to 2030). The financial role of the NRA (or their Road Operator) is particularly"br" influential for the business case.
Abstract
Cooperative systems which rely on vehicle-to-infrastructure communications are designed to tackle important road"br" transport issues, such as safety and pollution. Since [...]
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SnO2 anode materials for high capacity Li-ion cells
D. Versaci, S. Vankova, N. Penazzi, S. Bodoardo, G. Ganas, G. Kastrinaki, D. Zarvalis, A. Konstandopoulos

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 361

Abstract
Tin-based materials, especially tin oxide, have been widely investigated as potential graphite substitutes anodes"br" of Li-ion batteries. In comparison to graphite anode, the SnO2 anodes shows high theoretical capacity of 1494"br" mAhg-1 in a voltage range of 0-2 V, furthermore it is also inexpensive, exhibits low toxicity and is"br" environmentally friendly. Unfortunately, during the lithiation process (i.e. conversion and alloying reaction), tin"br" dioxide suffers of a drastic volumetric expansion, that induces surface cracking accompanied by an electrical"br" contact loss with the current collector and subsequent capacity fading. It’s well known that reducing the particle"br" size of SnO2, the surface will be increased and consequently the volume expansion during lithium"br" insertion/extraction will be reduced. For these reasons, we synthesized SnO2 particles by an aerosol method and"br" we compare the results with commercial SnO2 particles and their mixtures with different carbon sources."br" All the materials were morphological and electrochemical characterized in order to investigate the influence of"br" crystal structure, particle size, morphology and surface area on cell cyclability. Cyclic voltammetry and"br" galvanostatic discharge/charge cycling have been used to test the electrochemical behavior of SnO2 anodes.
Abstract
Tin-based materials, especially tin oxide, have been widely investigated as potential graphite substitutes anodes"br" of Li-ion batteries. In comparison to graphite anode, [...]
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Content Authentication for Neural Imaging Pipelines: End-to-end Optimization of Photo Provenance in Complex Distribution Channels
N. Memon, P. Korus

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 360

Abstract
Forensic analysis of digital photo provenance relies on intrinsic traces left in the photograph at the time of its acquisition. Such analysis becomes unreliable after heavy post-processing, such as down-sampling and re-compression applied upon distribution in the Web. This paper explores end-to-end optimization of the entire image acquisition and distribution workflow to facilitate reliable forensic analysis at the end of the distribution channel. We demonstrate that neural imaging pipelines can be trained to replace the internals of digital cameras, and jointly optimized for high-fidelity photo development and reliable provenance analysis. In our experiments, the proposed approach increased image manipulation detection accuracy from 45% to over 90%. The findings encourage further research towards building more reliable imaging pipelines with explicit provenance-guaranteeing properties. Comment: Camera ready + supplement, CVPR'19
Abstract
Forensic analysis of digital photo provenance relies on intrinsic traces left in the photograph at the time of its acquisition. Such analysis becomes unreliable after heavy [...]
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Smart-Rail - Smart Supply Chain Oriented Rail Freight Service
M. Chen, M. Milenkovic, M. Prosen, J. Meijeren, S. Val

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 359

Abstract
Smart-Rail has targeted the alignment of rail freight services performance with the requirements of the “new” rail freight market that should be attracted in order to achieve a modal-shift. In general terms this implies that in order to be able to compete with the road options, a reduction of logistical costs should be achieved and not only a reduction of the price paid for the rail services. A significant share of the rail related logistical costs for the user can be reduced by improvement of reliability, lead time, flexibility and visibility. Smart-Rail has focussend on:"br" • Contribution to a mental shift of the rail sector toward a client oriented and supply chain focus."br" • Developing supply chain oriented business models for cooperation of different stakeholders."br" • Development of a methodology and architecture for exchange of data/information between stakeholder."br" • Establishment of three operational Continuous Improvement Tracks (CIT’s) with the purpose to identify the practical barriers and improve and test the innovative measures in a real life situation."br" The H2020 project Smart-Rail is a lighthouse projects of Shift2Rail running between May 2015 and April 2018.
Abstract
Smart-Rail has targeted the alignment of rail freight services performance with the requirements of the “new” rail freight market that should be attracted in order to [...]
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Development of Innovative Methods to Optimize the Surface Properties of Asphalt Pavements
T. Blumenfeld, D. Rott

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 358

Abstract
The surface characteristics of asphalt pavements are currently measured indirectly by multiple parameters and"br" characteristics, such as skid resistance, evenness and brightness. Safety is one of the main criteria, when"br" designing asphalt pavements and is represented by the performance measure friction. To improve the friction"br" most asphalt surfaces are gritted with a chipping material directly after the paving process. One of the main, still"br" unsolved problems is an insufficient embedding of the chipping material into the surface to avoid significant"br" material loss. With an early integration of chipping material during the paving process, a better bond between the"br" chippings and the asphalt could be achieved."br" This paper shall give an overview to the various interactions between surface texture and surface properties, as"br" well as specific recommendations to produce high skid resistance and durable asphalt surfaces.
Abstract
The surface characteristics of asphalt pavements are currently measured indirectly by multiple parameters and"br" characteristics, such as skid resistance, evenness and brightness. [...]
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A techno-economic assessment for optimizing methanol production for maritime transport in Sweden
D. Conti, F. Harahap, S. Silveira, A. Santasalo-Aarnio

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 173

Abstract
The maritime transport sector is currently highly dependent on oil-based fuels. International regulations enforce tight limits regarding NOx emissions from the exhaust gases and maximum sulphur content in the fuel, enhancing the sector interest towards the development of cleaner alternative fuels. A transition to biomass-based liquid fuels is of interest as a common solution for reducing pollutant emissions and for CO2 emissions mitigation. In this paper, a case study on Sweden analyses the potential of methanol production, using gasification of woody residues from sawmills to cover domestic and international maritime energy demand. Methanol seems to be a promising alternative to heavy and light fossil oils as maritime fuel, and sawmills residues are an abundant resource in Sweden. The study considers the entire methanol production chain, starting by assessing the availability of sawmill by-products and ending with the energy demand of final users, identified as the Swedish ports. The analysis considers two scenarios until year 2035, assuming different share of energy demand covered by methanol. When considering the production and use of biofuels, the cost for transportation of the feedstock and the final product have a great impact on the final cost. An optimization model is used to locate the methanol production plants, so to minimize the cost of the production chain. Four possible plant sizes are considered, 100, 200, 300 and 400 MW of biomass fuel thermal input. The production plant is modelled to determine the material and energy streams involved in the process and to obtain the cost and efficiency of producing methanol at the synthesis plant. The results include the final methanol cost and an estimation of the CO2 emissions reduction potential from replacing oil fuels with methanol for the assumed scenarios. "p"QC 20200616
Abstract
The maritime transport sector is currently highly dependent on oil-based fuels. International regulations enforce tight limits regarding NOx emissions from the exhaust gases [...]
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Real-time Pallet Localization with 3D Camera Technology for Forklifts in Logistic Environments
B. Molter, J. Fottner

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 357

Abstract
This paper presents a novel approach for detection and localization of standardized euro pallets, which are orientated up to 90° in relation to the sensor plane. There is no a priori information about the pallets pose needed. We use a time-of-flight camera. Our algorithm is based on finding surfaces in the point cloud, which represent the three wooden blocks of a euro pallet. Different kinds of geometrical checks set up our detection pipeline, where no artificial markers on the pallets are needed. Since we perform the detection while driving a forklift, the algorithm must process the point cloud within a set time limit. The detection and localization result in the pallets position and orientation in relation to the camera coordinate system. This information can be provided to higher-level systems, like advanced driver assistance systems. The results show that the localization of pallets is possible in the scenario considered.
Abstract
This paper presents a novel approach for detection and localization of standardized euro pallets, which are orientated up to 90° in relation to the sensor plane. There is [...]
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HARNESSING MOBILITY DATA IN CITIES: A CASE STUDY FROM THE BERGEN REGION
D. Ahlers, R. Akerkar, J. Krogstie, A. Opdahl, B. Tessem, W. Zhang

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 356

Abstract
Smart cities attempt to use big data, machine learning, and other topical information and communication techniques (ICTs) to improve energy-consumption, mobility, waste management, and other crucial city functions. Many international research projects have been reported but, so far, few of them have addressed mobility in Norwegian cities specifically. This paper reports on a pre-study that focusses on mobility-related data sources in the Bergen region and discusses the needs and opportunities they present. We have identified central actors and the data they own, discussed opportunities and challenges with central stakeholders, developed a taxonomy of data types, and reviewed available ontologies for data integration. We are currently exploring a big-data architecture for harvesting, integrating, and making open mobility data more ready for use through a single-entry point. Paper presented at NOKOBIT 2018. Published by Bibsys Open Journal Systems.
Abstract
Smart cities attempt to use big data, machine learning, and other topical information and communication techniques (ICTs) to improve energy-consumption, mobility, waste management, [...]
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RAGTIME Risk based approaches for Asset inteGrity multimodal Transport Infrastructure
M. Zalbide, D. García-Sánchez, J. Aurtenetxe, J. Izkara, C. Fuggini, F. Gennaro, M. Perez, C. Pani

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 355

Abstract
The EU co-funded R&D project RAGTIME “Risk based approaches for Asset inteGrity multimodal Transport Infrastructure” aims at setting the basis for an efficient and innovative asset management (AM) across Evaluation/Planning, Procurement/Decision, Design/Project, Construction, Operation & Maintenance phases of Transport Infrastructure (TI). This paper discusses the RAGTIME approach to TIAM, which aims to establish a common framework for governance, management and finance in order to ensure the best possible return from limited investment funds. In line with this main goal, RAGTIME will lead to lay out a whole system planning software platform, based on standard multiscale data models, able to facilitate a holistic management throughout the entire lifecycle of the infrastructure, providing an integrated view of risk based approach, implementing risk based concepts, models and operative methods in order to optimize Return Of Investments (ROI), and guarantying at the same time the same or higher Level Of Service (LOS) through the whole lifecycle of the TI.
Abstract
The EU co-funded R&D project RAGTIME “Risk based approaches for Asset inteGrity multimodal Transport Infrastructure” aims at setting the basis for an efficient and innovative [...]
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Glass fiber modified asphalt pavements
C. Weise

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 354

Abstract
Glass fibers were used to investigate the impact of loose fiber reinforcement on the performance characteristics of"br" asphalt mixtures. For the laboratory tests on asphalt mixes a fiber content of 0.5 mass.-% was chosen. This paper"br" presents selected results of fatigue, stiffness (both cyclic indirect tensile tests) and rutting / plastic deformation"br" tests (cyclic uniaxial compression test) on different asphalt mixes. An asphalt base course mix AC 22 T S, an"br" asphalt binder course mix AC 16 B S and an asphalt concrete AC 8 D S were chosen to determine the effect of"br" glass fiber reinforcement. Furthermore, the fiber length was varied for the AC 16 B S. The content of reclaimed"br" asphalt (RA) was varied for the AC 22 T S. Depending on the mix design the bitumen content was increased up"br" to 0.3 mass.-%.
Abstract
Glass fibers were used to investigate the impact of loose fiber reinforcement on the performance characteristics of"br" asphalt mixtures. For the laboratory tests on asphalt [...]
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Nonlinearity Compensation based Tilting Controller for Electric Narrow Tilting Vehicles
J. Marco, Y. Ren, D. Greenwood, C. Hessar, T. Dinh

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 353

Abstract
Considering the traffic congestion and low energy\\ud consumption, small electric four-wheeled narrow tilting vehicles\\ud (NTV) are expected to be the new generation of city cars. In order\\ud to maintain lateral stability, the NTVs should have to lean into\\ud corners like two-wheeled vehicles. This is a challenge to keep a\\ud NTV stable during turning at different speeds. This paper aims\\ud to design a nonlinearity compensation based tilting controller\\ud for the direct tilting mechanism based NTVs. The controller\\ud adaptively compensates the nonlinearities of NTV roll dynamics\\ud in different vehicle speeds without the accurate vehicle models\\ud and, consequently, improve its robustness to rider’s behaviour. By\\ud utilising the proposed nonlinear tilting control system, both new\\ud riders and experienced riders can drive the NTVs easily with\\ud improved tilting stability. Simulations have been conducted to\\ud validate the applicability and robustness of the proposed control\\ud approach.
Abstract
Considering the traffic congestion and low energy\\ud consumption, small electric four-wheeled narrow tilting vehicles\\ud (NTV) are expected to be the new generation of city [...]
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Development Tool Chain for Connected and Automated Driving Functions
D. Raudszus, A. Zlocki, L. Eckstein

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 352

Abstract
The ongoing standardization of vehicle-to-x (V2X) communication via ITS-G5 as well as the high market penetration of cellular communication in vehicles provides potentials to increase safety, efficiency and comfort of road transport. First advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) that utilize information provided via V2X are already available in production vehicles. In the first instance these systems inform or warn the driver but do not intervene in the vehicle control. On the other side, concepts for connected highly automated functions have been developed in research projects, which however demand high integrity of the information used as well as valid test and sign-off methods. As vehicle functions are increasingly connected with infrastructure elements, these interconnections need to be implemented in the development tool chain. For this reason a holistic development tool chain is being developed at RWTH Aachen University bringing together simulation, test track and field operational tests while taking communication and infrastructure components involved into account."br" At Aldenhoven Testing Center the CERM test environment that has been built up by a consortium of RWTH Aachen University institutes already provides the necessary infrastructure for testing and assessing automated and connected driving functions. The test set-up includes an urban intersection with dummy buildings, connected traffic lights, a reference sensor system and a communication environment comprising ITS-G5 and LTE communication. All components are interconnected by means of a network infrastructure and a software framework based on robot operating system (ROS) that allows to flexibly integrating new functions that use existing sensors and actuators. This integrated test environment extends the physical elements (roads, buildings etc.) by an informational layer."br" The paper gives an overview of the components of the development tool chain and provides detailed information about ongoing work and future research activities related to the controlled field test environment CERM and the test field Düsseldorf, which is co-funded by the German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure in the research project KoMoD. This includes the requirements to the test environment with regards to design of track elements as well as to IT infrastructure. Also, use cases and connected and automated driving functions that interact with this test environment are presented and discussed. Finally, the paper closes with an outlook on future activities and research needs.
Abstract
The ongoing standardization of vehicle-to-x (V2X) communication via ITS-G5 as well as the high market penetration of cellular communication in vehicles provides potentials [...]
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Energy intensity of railway and road passenger transport and its breaking point according to vehicle capacity usage
M. Kendra, T. Skrúcaný, F. Synák, M. Škorupa, J. Grenčík

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 351

Abstract
The priority of EU transport strategy is to decrease the negative environmental impacts of all transport modes. This paper evaluates the energy intensity of passenger car as a representative of road transport and a diesel train unit as vehicle of railway transport. Authors use a software simulation of fuel consumption to simulate influence of railway vehicle capacity usage on its fuel consumption. Measurements of fuel consumption in real operation conditions are used to correct results of this simulation. Only fuel consumption measurements in real conditions are used in examination of capacity usage influence in passenger cars. Results from this real measurement are also compared to the producer declared value of fuel consumption and they give intervals of their deviation from measured values. This study is done for a transport situation of regional importance in a valley where the road and railway infrastructure is leaded parallel. Evaluation of results gives a comparison of unit fuel consumption showing which transport mode is friendlier to environment according to the capacity usage.
Abstract
The priority of EU transport strategy is to decrease the negative environmental impacts of all transport modes. This paper evaluates the energy intensity of passenger car [...]
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Flight Management System Pathfinding Algorithm for Automatic Vertical Trajectory Generation
J. Mere, D. Delahaye, T. Miquel, R. Altava

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 350

Abstract
International audience; Air Traffic has evolved over the years with current commercial fleet expected to double in the near future, increasing airspace congestion. Jet fuel prices volatility, market competition and drones integrating the same airspace require a modernization of the Air Transportation System. In this context, Airbus proposes modern avionics and cockpit designs to fulfil these requirements. Flight Management System (FMS), in-service since the early 1980s, is one of these candidate avionic systems to be revisited. During high workload flight phases as descent and approach are, best-in-class FMSs compute a fixed vertical reference trajectory based on a lateral flight plan and applicable procedures. Then, flight guidance is responsible for tactical replanning so that deviations are absorbed. FMS reference profile is constructed through a series of hypotheses, which could be enhanced by taking into account other factors such as aircraft optimal energy repartition, ATC restrictions, surrounding traffic, wind errors and mass biases. This paper proposes and compares two methodologies based on a modified version of A* algorithm that solves the Optimal Control Problem in the vertical plane. Fixed and variable speed aircraft trajectories are compared in order to quantify the benefits with respect to current FMS design. The problem is formulated through a relaxed point-mass model with a real performance database for a modern commercial aircraft. It accounts for flight constraints as well as aircraft dynamics for trajectory generation. Fuel consumption is optimized without excessively penalizing flight time. These trajectories are compared with those generated by Airbus FMS simulator. Results show that, for modern arrival procedures such as those defined for Continuous Descent Operations, aircraft energy management (potential and kinetic) is enhanced, producing continuously idle trajectories that consume up to 30 % less fuel than current operations, as obtained for this particular procedure. In that case, flight time would be stretched by few minutes yielding to 15% extra time, whose trade-off still seems interesting from the airline perspective.
Abstract
International audience; Air Traffic has evolved over the years with current commercial fleet expected to double in the near future, increasing airspace congestion. Jet fuel [...]
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Improving LED luminaries for street lighting to meet road user's needs: The case of Vienna
K. Markvica, G. Richter, G. Lenz

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 349

Abstract
Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology promises a great energy saving potential and is therefore increasingly used for traffic areas or urban spaces, respectively. While many LED luminaires for street lighting meet the current standards, many light experts as well as the general public judge the lightings as glaring and visually uncomfortable. This leaves room for technological improvement which should be based on shortcomings of the currently available street lighting installations. To address them, we concentrate on road user perception and behavioral impact of conventional luminaire and LED lighting. To identify the influence of different lighting conditions in streets on road users, their perception and behavior had to be surveyed before and after refitting to LED technology in a selected test area. Surveys (n = 386) and participant observation (n = 873) were chosen as methods to provide a reliable basis for the construction of improved LED luminaires by an industrial partner.
Abstract
Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology promises a great energy saving potential and is therefore increasingly used for traffic areas or urban spaces, respectively. While many [...]
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Towards a Predictive Model of Driver Acceptance of Active Collision Avoidance Systems
D. Large, V. Banks, C. Harvey, G. Burnett

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 348

Abstract
Drivers’ acceptance of advanced-driver-assistance-systems (ADAS), such as pedestrian alert systems (PAS), is vital if the full benefits are to be realised. However, the adoption and continued use of such technology is not only contingent on the system’s technical competence, but is also dependent upon drivers’ attitudes towards the system, and the impact that it has on their driving behaviour and performance. Understanding and integrating the factors that affect and define acceptance in a driving context is therefore important, but complex. We present an in-depth literature review, enriched by a driving simulator study (both conducted as part of the EU-Horizon2020 PROSPECT project), that together begin to collate these factors and explore their interrelationship. A preliminary, descriptive model of driver acceptance is subsequently presented. Further work will enhance and validate the model, with the aim of creating a predictive model that can be used to inform the design of future in-vehicle technologies.
Abstract
Drivers’ acceptance of advanced-driver-assistance-systems (ADAS), such as pedestrian alert systems (PAS), is vital if the full benefits are to be realised. However, the [...]
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The SELIS approach to delivering a 'Platform for Pan-European Logistics Applications'
I. Fergadioti, P. Katsoulakos, P. Sullivan, Y. Zorgios

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 347

Abstract
The sustainability of the logistics sector is challenged by its energy consumption, pressures on GHG emissions, globalisation, increased competition and consumer behaviour changes. In order to address these challenges, logistics actors have started to implement environmentally friendly collaborative strategies addressing supply chain integration, multimodal transport, consolidation of deliveries and reverse logistics. The implementation of such strategies frequently asserts the need for proactive and reactive coordination based on information sharing between collaborating actors, to optimally match supply and demand for logistics resources. However, adoption of advanced collaborative ICT solutions by the logistics sector is hindered by the number of transport management solutions, which yields a fragmented story, where actors have to contend with multiple tools, relationships, and fragmented views of their logistics business which are difficult, or impossible, to unify into one perspective. Further challenges relate to long established practices, multifaceted regulatory requirements and lack of trust. Also, until now, developments have been driven by the business interests of different stakeholders’ groups, including shippers, freight forwarders, ports and terminals, different mode carriers, and multiple alliances. This creates overlapping or incompatible technology solutions, with a limited potential to contribute to a Pan-European sustainable logistics landscape."br" This paper explores several factors that influence the behaviour of transport and logistics companies in Europe and proposes an innovative “shared intelligence” approach, technology platform and collaborative solution for Pan-European logistics collaboration that is sensitive to supply chain sustainability challenges, yet supportive of existing tooling, systems and augmenting established logistics practices.
Abstract
The sustainability of the logistics sector is challenged by its energy consumption, pressures on GHG emissions, globalisation, increased competition and consumer behaviour [...]
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Evaluation of the Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior by Experiments and Numerical Simulations on Full-Size Pipeline Steels
Y. Madi, C. Soret, A. Lebrun, S. Hjiej, N. Osipov

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 346

Abstract
International audience; The safety of gas transportation pipelines under fatigue loading remains an important issue. The purpose of the present study is to better evaluate the fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior by carrying out analysis/predictions and experiments in full-size pipeline steels. A full characterization was made using several samples of an X42 grade pipeline steel, to characterize the monotonic and the fatigue behavior. Fatigue tests on full-scale pipeline steels under pressure loading were performed. The potential drop (PD) method applied to pressurized pipes makes it possible to monitor and quantify both crack initiation and crack propagation. These tests served as a basis for numerical comparison. Crack propagation of the full-size pipeline steel was simulated by finit element analysis (FEA) using an adaptive re-meshing approach implemented as part of the Z-set/Zebulon software. Simulation allows predicting fatigue crack growth life on pipes using results of tests on specimens as an input.
Abstract
International audience; The safety of gas transportation pipelines under fatigue loading remains an important issue. The purpose of the present study is to better evaluate [...]
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Procurement of Road Maintenance: Between knowledge loss and efficiency gains
A. Hartmann, J. Aijo, J. Roehrich, R. Hess, M. Altamirano, T. Bles

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 345

Abstract
Outsourcing of road maintenance activities to private contractors has become a typical practice across many"br" National Road Agencies (NRA). Although the involvement of the private sector offers efficiency gains, the"br" procurement of road maintenance requires from NRAs the development of a different set of skills and"br" competences and may come with the risk of losing other knowledge that cannot be easily replaced. Thus,"br" understanding the consequences of choosing an appropriate procurement strategy is essential for NRAs to be"br" competent and informed clients. The procurement practices of nine NRAs are investigated to show which"br" maintenance procurement strategies NRAs adopt, how the context can influence the procurement trajectories of"br" NRAs, what the effects are of these strategies on maintenance outcomes, and which skills and competences are"br" needed to follow certain strategies. The paper also discusses the lessons learnt of the investigated NRAs in terms"br" of level of outsourcing and contractual integration of maintenance activities.
Abstract
Outsourcing of road maintenance activities to private contractors has become a typical practice across many"br" National Road Agencies (NRA). Although the involvement of the [...]
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Learning-based network path planning for traffic engineering
Y. Wu, Y. Zuo, L. Cui, G. Min

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 344

Abstract
Recent advances in traffic engineering offer a series of techniques to address the network problems due to the explosive growth of Internet traffic. In traffic engineering, dynamic path planning is essential for prevalent applications, e.g., load balancing, traffic monitoring and firewall. Application-specific methods can indeed improve the network performance but can hardly be extended to general scenarios. Meanwhile, massive data generated in the current Internet has not been fully exploited, which may convey much valuable knowledge and information to facilitate traffic engineering. In this paper, we propose a learning-based network path planning method under forwarding constraints for finer-grained and effective traffic engineering. We form the path planning problem as the problem of inferring a sequence of nodes in a network path and adapt a sequence-to-sequence model to learn implicit forwarding paths based on empirical network traffic data. To boost the model performance, attention mechanism and beam search are adapted to capture the essential sequential features of the nodes in a path and guarantee the path connectivity. To validate the effectiveness of the derived model, we implement it in Mininet emulator environment and leverage the traffic data generated by both a real-world GEANT network topology and a grid network topology to train and evaluate the model. Experiment results exhibit a high testing accuracy and imply the superiority of our proposal.
Abstract
Recent advances in traffic engineering offer a series of techniques to address the network problems due to the explosive growth of Internet traffic. In traffic engineering, [...]
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Robot preformed CFRP rear pressure bulkhead as an example for highly automated manufacturing of large carbon fibre aircraft parts
M. Malecha

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 343

Abstract
We present our approach to an automated solution for high quantity manufacturing of a Rear Pressure Bulkhead from carbon fibre reinforced plastics in one overall process using several robots in a single robotic cell. The process contains sub-processes such as cutting and delivering material, preforming cut-pieces and in-situ non-destructive testing. The focus is set on the sub-process of preforming, where many different plies (structure and reinforcing) are identified, picked-up, draped, transferred and laid-up into the mould. Online sensors as well as subsequent measurements of fibre angles and the exact position of the placed plies provide data for process monitoring and quality assurance documentation. The paper presents the design of the overall process and its possible implementation in factory environment as well as the latest stand of the development. We also discuss the comparison between our solution and the current manual manufacturing process.
Abstract
We present our approach to an automated solution for high quantity manufacturing of a Rear Pressure Bulkhead from carbon fibre reinforced plastics in one overall process using [...]
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Operational Considerations of Passing Zones for Two-lane Highways: Spanish Case Study
J. Bessa, A. García, A. Moreno, S. Washburn, C. Llorca

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 342

Abstract
The U.S. Highway Capacity Manual (HCM 2010) methodology is used in Spain to evaluate traffic operation and quality of service. In two-lane undivided highways, the effect of limiting where drivers could pass slower vehicles, or passing restrictions, is considered through the percentage of no-passing zones. This measure does not account for how passing opportunities are distributed along the road. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect percentage of no-passing zones and average passing zone length on a two-lane highway and, if significant, incorporate them in the analysis methodology,. The TWOPAS microsimulation program was calibrated and validated to the Spanish conditions. Passing restrictions had little effect on average traffic speed (ATS), with differences lower than 6 km/h between a road segment with no passing restrictions and a road segment with a passing restriction on 100% of its length. Conversely, passing restrictions can increase the percent time spent following (PTSF) up to 30%. Increasing the passing zone length beyond 2,000 m does not improve PTSF. The new models could be used to better estimate traffic operation on Spanish two-lane highways. Document type: Article
Abstract
The U.S. Highway Capacity Manual (HCM 2010) methodology is used in Spain to evaluate traffic operation and quality of service. In two-lane undivided highways, the effect of [...]
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Time-controlled neighborhood-driven policy-based network selection algorithm for message dissemination in hybrid vehicular networks
Y. Sevilmis, J. Jiru, K. Roscher, O. Oleinichenko

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 341

Abstract
In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), successful delivery of GeoUnicast and GeoBroadcast packets depends on scenario-specific aspects like vehicle density, distribution of vehicles on the road and type of the environment (e.g., urban, rural). These aspects can significantly influence the reliability of the connection between communication parties making traditional ITS-G5 based ad hoc networks unreliable. The absence of communication partners in range, long transmission distances, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions are just a few examples that could hinder ITS-G5 transmissions. In this paper, we propose a Hybrid Policy-based Network Selection Algorithm that uses LTE to strengthen and complement ITS-G5 under critical conditions in which successful transmission over the ad hoc network is highly unlikely. The main objective is to use as less LTE transmissions as possible whilst maintaining high Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) within defined delay constraints. The results, which are derived from extensive simulation campaigns, show a clear advantage of using the hybrid scheme over solely ITS-G5 or LTE. Document type: Conference object
Abstract
In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), successful delivery of GeoUnicast and GeoBroadcast packets depends on scenario-specific aspects like vehicle density, distribution of [...]
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Strategic Multimodal Assessment of Suburban Transport Infrastructure
M. Smoliner, K. Hofer, S. Walter, M. Fellendorf

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 340

Abstract
Railway networks around medium-sized agglomerations in Europe face two major challenges: increasing capacity demands around the cities on the one hand and service cuts and infrastructure backlogs in more remote areas on the other hand. This paper presents an innovative three-stage multidisciplinary, iterative methodology for jointly handling demand, timetable, and infrastructure development. An intermodal transport model allows prediction of future intermodal transport demand taking demographic and structural changes into account. Sensitivity analyses are carried out to find the optimum of passenger frequency, infrastructure measures, and costs by varying travel time, stopping patterns and frequency, but also alternative bus services. This methodology has been applied to three railway networks, yielding infrastructure strategies ranging into the future as far ahead as 2045. Despite structural differences, the UITP goal of PTx2 could be achieved with sets of only moderate, yet targeted infrastructure measures for all three examples.
Abstract
Railway networks around medium-sized agglomerations in Europe face two major challenges: increasing capacity demands around the cities on the one hand and service cuts and [...]
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Intelligent Transport Systems in South East Europe: Towards a Common Strategic Framework for implementation
M. Miltiadou, A. Pavšek, N. Begovic, M. Petrovic, B. Radoš, Ž. Barjaktarević, M. Domoxoudis, E. Liberopoulos, D. Mladenović, U. Marjanović

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 339

Abstract
Intelligent Transport Systems can significantly contribute to a cleaner, safer, more efficient and more sustainable transport system, both for passengers and freight. In the region of the Western Balkans, the development of the Comprehensive and Core Network according to the Trans-European Networks standards, aims at the integration of this Regional Network in the European, the attraction of more international traffic flows and the increase of regional mobility. This development is the target of the regional cooperation that is coordinated by the South-East Europe Transport Observatory and the European Commission, as part of the Connectivity Agenda agreed within the Berlin Process and the relevant summits that followed for Vienna Summit. Deployment of ITS is one of the soft measures identified. In this aspect, the aim of a currently on-going ITS project, elaborated in the framework of Technical Assistance Connectivity financed by the European Commission, is to provide a strategic framework for the ITS (Road ITS, European Railway Traffic Monitoring System, River Information Systems, Vessel Traffic Monitoring Information System, e-freight) and Information Technology system (e–documents, interfaces etc) deployment in the SEE, through targeted action plans for each mode and their interfaces at regional level, but also to provide tailored-made recommendations for each beneficiary within the region, based on the European Union’s relevant legislative framework and international best practices. This paper presents the overall context and content of the ITS project, the methodology used and the current progress, in relation with the foreseen activities, which comprise the users’ needs assessment, the evaluation of legal framework and technical specifications and standards and the impacts assessment for ITS deployment, towards the definition and adoption of a common Regional Strategic Framework as a basis for further concrete actions that should tackle all related aspects (institutional, organizational, legal, technical and financial).
Abstract
Intelligent Transport Systems can significantly contribute to a cleaner, safer, more efficient and more sustainable transport system, both for passengers and freight. In the [...]
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V2X – Beyond the Horizon
O. Brandl

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 338

Abstract
During the last years, Vehicle-to-everything (“V2X”) solutions based on 5.9 GHz technology have paved the way towards the future of connected vehicles both on statutory as well as on a technical level. Consolidating those latest developments in the US and the European market sets the frame for a discussion of future V2X use cases. Some applications may be beyond todays horizon of current communication standardization but they might become highly relevant for enabling automated and autonomous vehicles to safely navigate our roads tomorrow.
Abstract
During the last years, Vehicle-to-everything (“V2X”) solutions based on 5.9 GHz technology have paved the way towards the future of connected vehicles both on statutory [...]
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