Documents published in 2018 : Scipedia

Semantic 3D Models from Real World Scene Recordings for Traffic Accident Simulation
L. Mohr, M. Öttl, M. Haberl, M. Rüther, H. Bischof

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 654

Abstract
We propose a novel extension to traffic accident simulation by means of semantic 3D environment information allowing for a broader view by incorporating the entire close-by environment. In this course, the effect of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) can be simulated, as well as the visibility of objects from people’s perspectives. We present an enclosed pipeline generating 3D objects, their extents and relative positions as well as their semantic class from a combination of photogrammetric recordings and LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) scans. By adjusting the desired level of detail, these objects are suitable for both direct integration into the 3D scene reconstruction for use in the accident simulation software PC-Crash, as well as for fine tuning parameters in traffic flow simulations and for convincing visualization and presentation of simulation results, be it in courts or to policy makers in urban planning.
Abstract
We propose a novel extension to traffic accident simulation by means of semantic 3D environment information allowing for a broader view by incorporating the entire close-by [...]
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Logistics Projects in the Czech Republic
T. Belantová, K. Gálová, P. Taraba

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 308

Abstract
Logistics is becoming a fast-growing industry with an endless amount of logistics projects. We find such a definition just with Polish authors. Domestic and other authors do not use the concept of logistics projects, but we find in the specific literature terms such as city logistics project, urban logistics project, or reverse logistics project. These concepts are about projects which focus on logistics in the cities than in the total concept of logistics projects. The paper will deal with the idea of logistics projects regarding business firms in the Czech Republic. The main objective of the paper is defining logistics projects. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Abstract
Logistics is becoming a fast-growing industry with an endless amount of logistics projects. We find such a definition just with Polish authors. Domestic and other authors [...]
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DxNAT — Deep neural networks for explaining non-recurring traffic congestion
J. White, A. Dubey, F. Sun

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 653

Abstract
Non-recurring traffic congestion is caused by temporary disruptions, such as accidents, sports games, adverse weather, etc. We use data related to real-time traffic speed, jam factors (a traffic congestion indicator), and events collected over a year from Nashville, TN to train a multi-layered deep neural network. The traffic dataset contains over 900 million data records. The network is thereafter used to classify the real-time data and identify anomalous operations. Compared with traditional approaches of using statistical or machine learning techniques, our model reaches an accuracy of 98.73 percent when identifying traffic congestion caused by football games. Our approach first encodes the traffic across a region as a scaled image. After that the image data from different timestamps is fused with event- and time-related data. Then a crossover operator is used as a data augmentation method to generate training datasets with more balanced classes. Finally, we use the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to tune the sensitivity of the classifier. We present the analysis of the training time and the inference time separately.
Abstract
Non-recurring traffic congestion is caused by temporary disruptions, such as accidents, sports games, adverse weather, etc. We use data related to real-time traffic speed, [...]
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Parking management as a means of decreasing air pollution in cities
J. Simićević, V. Momčilović, N. Milosavljević

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 652

Abstract
Cruising for parking increases fuel consumption thus additionally polluting the environment: on one hand due to increased travel time, and on the other due to undesirable engine operation mode during parking search as a result of low speeds and frequent stops. Considering that in the recent decades sustainable development, including environmental protection have become important, more and more researchers are dealing with the parking search phenomena aiming to address or mitigate the problem. This paper examines and quantifies possible parking policy contribution to decrease air pollution through reduction in parking search. In order to achieve this goal, three models were used in the paper: first, multinomial logit model that links the parking policy with the demand, i.e. volume and occupancy; then ordinal regression model that links parking occupancy with an average parking search time; and finally, Copert model which determines, based on total search time (obtained by models one and two) and a referent car, the reduction in polluters’ emissions. Results prove significant impact of parking policy (time limit and price levels) on the emission of polluters, which verifies the initial hypotheses. This paper can assist policy makers in a transparent decision-making process on the basis of empirical data and modelling results.
Abstract
Cruising for parking increases fuel consumption thus additionally polluting the environment: on one hand due to increased travel time, and on the other due to undesirable [...]
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Impact of railway track parameters on energy consumption and GHG production of passenger train operation
P. Šulko, J. Grencik, T. Skrúcaný, M. Kendra

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 650

Abstract
Constantly increasing of the people mobility requires ensuring of the sustainable transport operation. One of the priorities in this area is a reduction of the energy consumption and the GHG production by transport. Emission limits are currently applied mainly to the transport vehicles. However, technical characteristics of the transport infrastructure may also affect the energy consumption and the GHG production of the transport operation. The article analyses the impact of the changes in the railway infrastructure parameters on the change in the energy consumption of the train operation and on the GHG production in railway passenger transport. The analysis is based on the simulation in the Dynamics program at the different slope ratios of the railway track. The calculation is made for the diesel traction of the vehicles. The aim of the article is to highlight how designing of the new or reconstructing of the older track lines could affect the energy consumption and GHG production of the future railway transport system.
Abstract
Constantly increasing of the people mobility requires ensuring of the sustainable transport operation. One of the priorities in this area is a reduction of the energy consumption [...]
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The Mobility as a Service Maturity Index: Preparing the Cities for the Mobility as a Service Era
R. Goulding, M. Kamargianni

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 649

Abstract
Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is the use of a “digital interface to source and manage the provision of transport"br" related services” which meet peoples mobility requirements. The implementation of a MaaS based transport"br" system is dependent on a city possessing a number of characteristics. Before planning for MaaS it is important"br" for decision makers to understand how close a city is to fulfilling these characteristics. Therefore, the aim of this"br" study is to develop the ‘MaaS Maturity Index’. This measures a cit’s readiness for MaaS implementation based"br" on characteristics across five dimensions: 1. Transport operators data sharing and openness, 2. Citizen familiarity"br" and willingness, 3. Policy, regulation and legislation, 4. ICT infrastructure, and 5. Transport services and"br" infrastructure. The index has been applied to two metropolitan areas in the UK; London and the West Midlands."br" The results indicate that, as expected, London is slightly more ready for MaaS than the West Midlands, but that"br" both cities have lots of room for improvement. Document type: Conference object
Abstract
Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is the use of a “digital interface to source and manage the provision of transport"br" related services” which meet peoples mobility requirements. [...]
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Quantifying the impact of crisis on bus user satisfaction and perceptions. Evidence from Athens, Greece.
D. Efthymiou, C. Antoniou, Y. Tyrinopoulos

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 648

Abstract
This paper continues the research effort that the authors begun in 2008 on the quality factors that affect adoption"br" of public transportation and retention of its users. The objective of this paper is to explore the impacts of the deep,"br" 7-year economic crisis, on the perceptions of public transport users, with bus as their main transport mode, about"br" service quality. Data from three user-satisfaction surveys that were conducted in Athens in 2008 (pre-crisis), 2013"br" (mid-crisis) and 2017 (deep-crisis) are used for the analysis. Mann Whitney/Wilcoxon test is applied for the"br" distribution comparison of the responses between the pairs of consecutive years (2008-2013 and 2013-2017), in"br" order to measure the change in users’ preferences. Ordered logit models are developed for the user satisfaction and"br" shift to public transportation after the beginning of the crisis."br" The results of the analysis indicate that the satisfaction about quality attributes, such as service frequency,"br" conditions at the stations and information provision, are important contributors of the total satisfaction, verifying"br" the results of Tyrinopoulos and Antoniou (2008) and Efthymiou et al. (2014), but their impact varies over time."br" Despite the general decrease of commuting activities due to increase of unemployment, the shift to public"br" transportation has increased. More specifically, demographic characteristics, such as age, occupation and gender,"br" as well as qualitative factors, such as overall quality of service, service production, transfer quality, ticket services"br" and environmental consciousness, have affected the decision of people to shift to and from public transportation.
Abstract
This paper continues the research effort that the authors begun in 2008 on the quality factors that affect adoption"br" of public transportation and retention of its users. [...]
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A Cloud Manufacturing Application for Additive Manufacturing Methods
V. Haseltalab, U. Yaman

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 303

Abstract
Over the past years, the manufacturing industry has witnessed a great enhancement in the field of Additive Manufacturing that allows forming an inchoate market to produce custom-made products with low unit costs. At the same time, everyone may be a designer as well. However, the required equipment is only accessible for all the people. The Cloud Manufacturing aims to resolve this challenge by connecting the customers to the manufacturers. Therefore, this paper introduces a practical fabrication method for 3D printers which can bring flexibility and benefits to cloud manufacturing scheme. A model of this integration is provided and implemented on two types of 3D printers. Further, by printing sample specimens, the advantages of this approach such as using low memory size for operating each printer and the ability of changing the design during the fabrication process is described in details.
Abstract
Over the past years, the manufacturing industry has witnessed a great enhancement in the field of Additive Manufacturing that allows forming an inchoate market to produce [...]
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Introduction of Battery Electric Buses in European Cities – Economic Comparison of Novel Technological Concepts
F. Meishner, D. Sauer

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 646

Abstract
Nowadays, the conversion of diesel fueled public bus fleets into those powered by electricity is one of the most important tasks for public transport operators. In the frame of European Commission funded projects (“Eliptic” [Commission, 2015], “ZeEUS” [Commission, 2014]), there are at the moment several demonstrations in different European (big) cities. Besides purely demonstrating the general technical functionality, finding Business Cases is also a crucial task, since the operation with the new technology should be at least not significantly more expensive than compared to Diesel, besides having clear societal and environmental benefits."br" Within this context, the presented work focuses on the detailed comparison of two novel technological concepts of electric buses which are currently demonstrated in several European cities in the frame of the “Eliptic”-project:"br" 1) Opportunity-charging of battery electric buses taking energy from local DC tram grid"br" 2) Trolley-Hybrid buses (Buses being fed by overhead catenary and being able to cover parts of their routes by on-board batteries)"br" The investigations are based on already existing and potential future electric bus network and real operation in different cities and are performed in direct cooperation with the respective public transport operators to obtain meaningful results. A technical, economic and ecological presentation and comparison of the different approaches is the main target of the work."br" For this purpose, detailed analyses are performed in order to calculate the Total-Cost of Ownership (TCO). This comprises all relevant technical investment- and running costs over a certain period under consideration. Sine it is representing an important cost-factor of the new system, the battery is particularly considered regarding the expected lifetime in different operation scenarios.
Abstract
Nowadays, the conversion of diesel fueled public bus fleets into those powered by electricity is one of the most important tasks for public transport operators. In the frame [...]
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An integrated dynamic ridesharing dispatch and idle vehicle repositioning strategy on a bimodal transport network
T. Ma, J. Chow, S. Rasulkhani

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 645

Abstract
In bimodal ridesharing, a private on-demand mobility service operator offers to drop off a passenger at a transit"br" station, where the passenger uses the transit network to get to another transit station, and the service operator"br" guarantees picking up the passenger to drop them off at the final destination. Such collaborations with public"br" transport agencies present a huge potential to increase the ridership. However, most existing studies on dynamic"br" dial-a-ride/ridesharing mainly focus on mono-modal cases only. We consider dynamic bimodal ridesharing"br" problems where real-time information is available to anticipate future demand. A new non-myopic vehicle"br" dispatching and routing policy based on queueing-theoretical approach is proposed and integrated with a nonmyopic"br" idle vehicle repositioning strategy to solve the problem. Several experiments are conducted to test the"br" effectiveness of this integrated solution method and measure the benefit of bimodal cooperation. The proposed"br" model and solution algorithm provides useful tools for real-time operating policy design of shared mobility
Abstract
In bimodal ridesharing, a private on-demand mobility service operator offers to drop off a passenger at a transit"br" station, where the passenger uses the transit network [...]
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The AutoMat CVIM - A Scalable Data Model for Automotive Big Data Marketplaces
C. Wietfeld, B. Sliwa, J. Pillmann

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 644

Abstract
In the past years, connectivity has been introduced in automotive production series, enabling vehicles as highly mobile Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and participants. The Horizon 2020 research project AutoMat addressed this scenario by building a vehicle big data marketplace in order to leverage and exploit crowd-sourced sensor data, a so far unexcavated treasure. As part of this project the Common Vehicle Information Model (CVIM) as harmonized data model has been developed. The CVIM allows a common understanding and generic representation, brand-independent throughout the whole data value and processing chain. The demonstrator consists of CVIM vehicle sensor data, which runs through the different components of the whole AutoMat vehicle big data processing pipeline. Finally, at the example of a traffic measurement service the data of a whole vehicle fleet is aggregated and evaluated.
Abstract
In the past years, connectivity has been introduced in automotive production series, enabling vehicles as highly mobile Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and participants. [...]
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Productivity of Railway Stations: Case Study - New Delhi Railway Station
R. Anand, S. Gupta

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 643

Abstract
Railway stations, an important component of urban transport infrastructure, remains a lot to be desired in developing countries resulting in their poor productivity. Very little research has been carried out in the field of critically analyzing the causative factors of poor performance of stations in India. Delhi, the national capital of India, has six major railway station terminals besides 29 smaller stations cumulatively handling 1.195 million passengers per day. The present paper is an attempt to assess the performance of the largest railway station of Delhi i.e. New Delhi Railway Station (NDLS), with daily passenger footfall of 0.5 million, as the case study and evolve alternate strategies to improve its productivity. The study reveals that the track-side peripheral areas are most critical in terms of level of service (LOS). The study estimated the utilization levels of all platforms over 24 hours period. Two alternate strategies were proposed and evaluated, namely “staggering of train schedule” & “crowd management” scenarios which result in 8% & 47% improvement in the performance level respectively.
Abstract
Railway stations, an important component of urban transport infrastructure, remains a lot to be desired in developing countries resulting in their poor productivity. Very [...]
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Vulnerability Of Charging Infrastructure, A Novel Approach For Improving Charging Station Deployment
M. Glombek, J. Helmus, M. Lees, R. van den Hoed, R. Quax

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 642

Abstract
Since the first uptake of electric vehicles, policy makers are questioning how to rollout public charging infrastructure in an efficient manner, such that user convenience balances with costs of investment. In some metropolitan areas, the first phase of rollout has been passed, meaning an optimized deployment of future charging stations for electric vehicles (EVs) becomes important to improve the charging infrastructure and ensure customer satisfaction and sufficient service provision. Complex system literature shows that network vulnerability is an important metric, yet, charging infrastructure has not yet been a subject of these simulation models so far. This research, based on real-world data, provides a novel approach for improving the roll-out strategy of municipalities, by treating the charge infrastructure as a complex network of charging stations and defining vulnerability in respect to the availability of its surrounding charging stations within relevant walking distance.
Abstract
Since the first uptake of electric vehicles, policy makers are questioning how to rollout public charging infrastructure in an efficient manner, such that user convenience [...]
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Compilation of a geo-hazard map for slope instabilities and landslides along the German railway infrastructure
A. Knobloch, E. Kallmeier, M. Forbriger, C. Herrmann, E. Roll, J. Kirsten, C. Brendel, S. Hänsel

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 641

Abstract
In Germany and Europe infrastructure managers are already undertaking massive efforts to reduce the risks and effects of mass movements on railway infrastructure. Supporting these efforts and adding the future perspective, we present the results of ongoing project developing a nationwide landslide susceptibility map along the German railway network."br" Mechanisms and parameter-interactions that trigger mass movements are complex and related to local conditions regarding, e.g. geology, topography, land use, and climate. In a first step, open source geodata sets, e.g. digital elevation models, geological maps, and digital landscape models were combined within two parallel approaches (i) geotechnical knowledge based, and (ii) artificial neural network (ANN), compared to each other and verified with documented landslide events. To access the future landslide geo-hazard potential along railways under the influence of climate change, the most promising landslide susceptibility map will be enhanced by integrating climate scenario data. Additionally, the resolution of the input datasets will be improved, systematically."br" The results obtained within this project will be integrated into the risk assessment tool that will be developed parallel within the BMVI Network of Experts and finally provide decision support to users across the railway sector.
Abstract
In Germany and Europe infrastructure managers are already undertaking massive efforts to reduce the risks and effects of mass movements on railway infrastructure. Supporting [...]
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Traffic safety culture in three countries – example of a new conceptual analysis
S. Kaiser, C. Schlembach, V. Makris, T. Vlk, R. Bauer, E. Janku, G. Furian

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 640

Abstract
In the course of the project ‘TraSaCu’, which received funding from EU’s Horizon 2020 MSC-RISE programme, various aspects of applying the construct of safety culture to road safety have been scrutinized. One aim was to sound out the potential of using an analytic framework derived from aviation safety to assess and compare traffic safety cultures in three countries. Four dimensions – political concern, social control, realistic and adequate information as well as situational awareness and perception – were used to describe and compare Albania, Austria and the state of Virginia (USA). Quantitative data (historic, societal, road safety indicators etc.) was complemented with qualitative data from interviews with local practitioners, researchers as well as governmental and administrative authorities involved in road safety. As the case of Albania, with its short history of motorization, shows, this approach is especially suitable to contrast cultures with very different levels of safety. Furthermore, qualitative analysis demonstrates the importance of considerations beyond mere numbers to address road safety.
Abstract
In the course of the project ‘TraSaCu’, which received funding from EU’s Horizon 2020 MSC-RISE programme, various aspects of applying the construct of safety culture [...]
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Automatic Grammar Augmentation for Robust Voice Command Recognition
Y. Yang, C. Lott, A. Lalitha, J. Lee

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 639

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel pipeline for automatic grammar augmentation that provides a significant improvement in the voice command recognition accuracy for systems with small footprint acoustic model (AM). The improvement is achieved by augmenting the user-defined voice command set, also called grammar set, with alternate grammar expressions. For a given grammar set, a set of potential grammar expressions (candidate set) for augmentation is constructed from an AM-specific statistical pronunciation dictionary that captures the consistent patterns and errors in the decoding of AM induced by variations in pronunciation, pitch, tempo, accent, ambiguous spellings, and noise conditions. Using this candidate set, greedy optimization based and cross-entropy-method (CEM) based algorithms are considered to search for an augmented grammar set with improved recognition accuracy utilizing a command-specific dataset. Our experiments show that the proposed pipeline along with algorithms considered in this paper significantly reduce the mis-detection and mis-classification rate without increasing the false-alarm rate. Experiments also demonstrate the consistent superior performance of CEM method over greedy-based algorithms.
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel pipeline for automatic grammar augmentation that provides a significant improvement in the voice command recognition accuracy for systems with [...]
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Weather Classification: A new multi-class dataset, data augmentation approach and comprehensive evaluations of Convolutional Neural Networks
K. McDonald-Maier, J. Guerra, Z. Khanam, S. Ehsan, R. Stolkin

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 638

Abstract
Weather conditions often disrupt the proper functioning of transportation systems. Present systems either deploy an array of sensors or use an in-vehicle camera to predict weather conditions. These solutions have resulted in incremental cost and limited scope. To ensure smooth operation of all transportation services in all-weather conditions, a reliable detection system is necessary to classify weather in wild. The challenges involved in solving this problem is that weather conditions are diverse in nature and there is an absence of discriminate features among various weather conditions. The existing works to solve this problem have been scene specific and have targeted classification of two categories of weather. In this paper, we have created a new open source dataset consisting of images depicting three classes of weather i.e rain, snow and fog called RFS Dataset. A novel algorithm has also been proposed which has used super pixel delimiting masks as a form of data augmentation, leading to reasonable results with respect to ten Convolutional Neural Network architectures.
Abstract
Weather conditions often disrupt the proper functioning of transportation systems. Present systems either deploy an array of sensors or use an in-vehicle camera to predict [...]
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Development of weather application for enhancing sea safety and rescue operations
S. Kolios, C. Stylios

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 637

Abstract
mong many issues which affect the marine-related daily activities, the weather conditions are considered one of the most important. In this study, all the tools and the methods were used to develop a modern weather application which is able to support the quality of vessel services in the sea safety and rescue operations, is presented. The weather application can operate using as basic data source continuous measurements from a mobile meteorological station on a pilot vessel. The meteorological station records automatically all the measurements of its sensors while appropriate modules in the internal structure of the system analyze the initial information and provide final outputs. In the framework of the LINCOLN Project where new concepts of added-value specialized vessels and relative automated services, are developed and promoted, this application is intended to provide accurate and on-site information about weather conditions.
Abstract
mong many issues which affect the marine-related daily activities, the weather conditions are considered one of the most important. In this study, all the tools and the methods [...]
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Practical remote survey applications for improved geotechnical asset management on England's strategic road network
O. Pritchard, Á. Bhreasail, G. Campbell, S. Carluccio, M. Willis, J. Codd

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 636

Abstract
Highways England operates, maintains and improves England’s strategic road network (SRN). The SRN is supported by 50,000 geotechnical assets comprising embankments, cuttings and natural slopes. Delays and congestion on the SRN have significant economic impacts. Therefore, well maintained geotechnical assets, through proactive monitoring, are key to a safe, serviceable and smooth running network. Geotechnical asset condition, assessed through visual inspection, is costly, time consuming and can impact on safety. This paper assesses the application of remote survey techniques for monitoring geotechnical assets on the SRN using several pilot studies. Techniques investigated include LiDAR, InSAR, hyperspectral imaging and aerial photography. Combinations of techniques show promise for geotechnical asset management, with some being limited in their potential application. Conclusions presented will provide Highways England and others understanding of which remote survey techniques provide greatest practicality, benefit and cost effectiveness for day-to-day management of geotechnical assets and ultimately ensure a more resilient and safer road network.
Abstract
Highways England operates, maintains and improves England’s strategic road network (SRN). The SRN is supported by 50,000 geotechnical assets comprising embankments, cuttings [...]
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Life-Cycle Assessment based optimization model for asphalt pavements
J. Ćirilović, G. Mladenović, C. Queiroz

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 635

Abstract
This paper describes the application of an integrated pavement management optimization model that includes both Life-cycle assessment and Life Cycle Cost Analysis, on a road network. The objective of this paper is to find an optimal maintenance plan at the network level that minimizes the total cost to society, which is the sum of: (i) the environmental impact cost during the entire pavement life-cycle; (ii) agency costs (i.e. cost of pavement maintenance and improvement works); and (iii) user costs (or vehicle operating cost, VOC). The model explores the relative significance of each phase of a pavement Life-cycle assessment on the overall environmental footprint of a road, namely: (i) production of materials, (ii) transportation, (iii) placement and maintenance activities, (iv) usage, and (v) the end-of-life. The paper also shows how change in components such as traffic or unit price of CO2 may have an impact on the overall results.
Abstract
This paper describes the application of an integrated pavement management optimization model that includes both Life-cycle assessment and Life Cycle Cost Analysis, on a road [...]
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Using the Product Impact Tool for Prospective Thinking
T. Raub, S. Dorrestijn, W. Eggink

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 634

Abstract
The ever rising role of products and technologies in humans’ lives is increasing the call for ways to understand and investigate their influences, in the form of prospective analytical methods. This paper proposes one such method, based upon the Product Impact Tool. This Tool was developed to combine both philosophy of technology and design for usability perspectives. Its effects offer potential for prospective and reflective purposes, and can be used to investigate and structure ideas about the impacts of both current and future technologies. The proposed method offers an addition to existing tools within the field of prospective analysis. This added value is demonstrated through a case study of a concept for future personal transport. Through this case study, it is shown that the proposed method can help uncover information that remained hidden by conventional approaches, by inducing a critical investigation of the subject from multiple perspectives. Such information will aid analysts and strategists in their work, leading to more effective, desirable, and responsible technologies being developed and implemented.
Abstract
The ever rising role of products and technologies in humans’ lives is increasing the call for ways to understand and investigate their influences, in the form of prospective [...]
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Cooperation across transport modes to develop common research objectives for the reduction of energy consumption and carbon emissions
S. Reeves, M. Lamb, E. Arsenio, E. Zofka

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 633

Abstract
Greater cooperation across transport modes in research and development activities has the potential to develop systems thinking, optimise use of resources and improve services for customers. This paper presents the findings of a Horizon 2020 project called Users, Safety, Security and Energy in Transport Infrastructure (USE-iT) which aimed to encourage greater cross-modal collaboration, through the identification of common challenges and development of a cross-modal research roadmap to address these. USE-iT and its sister project FOX identified more than 300 technologies, processes and systems that could benefit from a cross-modal approach. The involvement of industry was an integral part of this process, and a key objective of the project was to bring together stakeholders from all modes to facilitate knowledge transfer and develop a network for future cooperation. The paper focuses on research supporting the reduction of energy consumption and carbon emissions across transport modes, which was one of four topic areas addressed by USE-iT.
Abstract
Greater cooperation across transport modes in research and development activities has the potential to develop systems thinking, optimise use of resources and improve services [...]
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Can bus users' preferences bolster low emission bus schemes? Lessons from Europe's largest hydrogen bus fleet
L. Loria, V. Watson, T. Kiso, E. Phimister

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 632

Abstract
In the United Kingdom city buses are the most common form of public transport within urban areas. Most buses are powered using diesel fuel, the combustion of which contributes to climate change and the deterioration of air quality in town centres. Low Emission Buses (LEBs) can help mitigate this. Moreover their introduction is costly and funding is limited. The majority of existing LEB schemes are isolated pilot projects consisting of small fleets (less than 5 buses) whose long-term viability is uncertain. At present little is known about bus users’ preferences for emission reduction to justify the introduction or expansion of LEB schemes. This study uses a Discrete Choice Experiment set around the Aberdeen Hydrogen Bus Project – Europe’s largest hydrogen bus fleet – to estimate a probabilistic model that determines what type of bus service a particular bus user prefers. Findings provide evidence that LEB experience results in a higher value for the environmental performance of the bus, compared to bus users who regularly use diesel buses only. Results show LEB schemes can be partly funded by the user, either through increased fares or deviating resources from certain characteristics of the bus service that consumers are willing to forego in exchange for a less emitting bus. Results also provide evidence that justify the use of pilot LEB schemes are an efficient stepping stone to widespread introduction, as increased exposure to LEBs results in higher valuations for emission reduction amongst bus users. Some implementation strategies are presented.
Abstract
In the United Kingdom city buses are the most common form of public transport within urban areas. Most buses are powered using diesel fuel, the combustion of which contributes [...]
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Improving Traffic Conditions Around Pedestrian Zone Using Microsimulation Software – Case Study: Town of Ruma
V. Bogdanović, N. Ruškić, N. Garunović, B. Ivanović, V. Basarić

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 631

Abstract
Microsimulation software packages in the field of traffic and transportation have considerably facilitated designing traffic arteries and traffic objects and the analysis of the conditions for traffic in the existing road network. These software packages have been especially useful in urban conditions where the road network is complex and heterogeneous. Besides, the feature of a traffic flow in the street network is changed over time due to the change of the purpose of the existing surfaces, their design, building commercial structures or other attractive facilities, etc. However, the most important feature of microsimulation software packages is in the case of interventions on the street network and the change in traffic mode. Typical analysis procedures in these situations cannot process different variations simply or take into consideration all relevant influences on the conditions for traffic taking place in changed conditions. This paper represents the application of the microsimulation software Trafficware Synchro applied to the town of Ruma and a way for improving traffic conditions in the urban network, in case of closing one traffic artery in the town. Furthermore, apart from the existing conditions, traffic conditions in the planning period of 20 years have been forecasted.
Abstract
Microsimulation software packages in the field of traffic and transportation have considerably facilitated designing traffic arteries and traffic objects and the analysis [...]
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Reviewing and assessing existing innovations with high potential for higher public transport use, with special focus on Mobility as a Service
O. Cazemier, H. Stevens, T. Geier

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 630

Abstract
To attract more travelers in Public Transport, the European project Collective Innovation for Public Transport in"br" European Cities (CIPTEC) makes a contribution to a more marketing oriented PT-sector, that involves many intraand"br" intersectoral partnerships and uses innovativeness. CIPTEC identifies, among other things, potential"br" innovations that can be introduced in PT. One of the most potential innovations that came forward is Mobility as"br" a Service. This paper describes the CIPTEC project, gives an in-depth consideration of MaaS and describes a"br" practical application of MaaS in the Netherlands.
Abstract
To attract more travelers in Public Transport, the European project Collective Innovation for Public Transport in"br" European Cities (CIPTEC) makes a contribution to a more [...]
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Weather Impact on Airport Performance
M. Schultz, L. Delgado, R. Schmitz, S. Lorenz

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 628

Abstract
Weather events have a significant impact on airport performance and cause delayed operations if the airport capacity is constrained. We provide quantification of the individual airport performance with regards to an aggregated weather-performance metric. Specific weather phenomena are categorized by the air traffic management airport performance weather algorithm, which aims to quantify weather conditions at airports based on aviation routine meteorological reports. Our results are computed from a data set of 20.5 million European flights of 2013 and local weather data. A methodology is presented to evaluate the impact of weather events on the airport performance and to select the appropriate threshold for significant weather conditions. To provide an efficient method to capture the impact of weather, we modelled departing and arrival delays with probability distributions, which depend on airport size and meteorological impacts. These derived airport performance scores could be used in comprehensive air traffic network simulations to evaluate the network impact caused by weather induced local performance deterioration. Document type: Article
Abstract
Weather events have a significant impact on airport performance and cause delayed operations if the airport capacity is constrained. We provide quantification of the individual [...]
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Ajouter et réutiliser du contenu (Wikidata @ OpenStreetMap) : l'exemple de la rue Tamanian
B. Prieur

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 627

Abstract
International audience
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Combining Terrier with Apache Spark to Create Agile Experimental Information Retrieval Pipelines
C. Macdonald

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 626

Abstract
Experimentation using IR systems has traditionally been a procedural and laborious process. Queries must be run on an index, with any parameters of the retrieval models suitably tuned. With the advent of learning-to-rank, such experimental processes (including the appropriate folding of queries to achieve cross-fold validation) have resulted in complicated experimental designs and hence scripting. At the same time, machine learning platforms such as Scikit Learn and Apache Spark have pioneered the notion of an experimental pipeline , which naturally allows a supervised classification experiment to be expressed a series of stages, which can be learned or transformed. In this demonstration, we detail Terrier-Spark, a recent adaptation to the Terrier Information Retrieval platform which permits it to be used within the experimental pipelines of Spark. We argue that this (1) provides an agile experimental platform for information retrieval, comparable to that enjoyed by other branches of data science; (2) aids research reproducibility in information retrieval by facilitating easily-distributable notebooks containing conducted experiments; and (3) facilitates the teaching of information retrieval experiments in educational environments.
Abstract
Experimentation using IR systems has traditionally been a procedural and laborious process. Queries must be run on an index, with any parameters of the retrieval models suitably [...]
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Travel time predictions: should one model speeds or travel times?
M. Tulic, D. Bauer

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 625

Abstract
Purpose Travel time predictions are of importance for individual trip planning as well as for logistics applications. Since travel time and travel speed have a one-one correspondence, the modeller has the choice to model travel times directly or model the corresponding travel speeds and infer the associated time from the speed predictions. A priori it is not clear which of these is the superior approach. In this paper we investigate the implications of the choice of the methodology for the accuracy of the travel time predictions. Methods For a selection of links, travel time prediction models, both in a direct way as well as indirectly via the implied link travel speeds, are obtained. The respective predictions are compared on a validation data set with respect to their accuracy as measured by mean error, root mean square error, mean percentage error as well as mean absolute percentage error. Additionally, the accuracy of route travel time predictions is evaluated based on the raw GPS data from the floating taxis. Results The empirical results overwhelmingly make the case for using direct modelling if the goal of prediction is to obtain a RMSE-optimal prediction. If the MAPE is to be minimized, however, the indirect method provides the better results. Conclusion Thus the goal of the prediction determines the better method of modelling: if one is interested in minimizing the RMSE, then, for the data investigated in this paper, the direct method should be selected. However, if one is interested in obtaining a small MAPE, the indirect method achieves better results. Document type: Article
Abstract
Purpose Travel time predictions are of importance for individual trip planning as well as for logistics applications. Since travel time and travel speed have a one-one correspondence, [...]
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Text/Conference Paper
K. Villela, A. Hess, M. Koch, R. Falcão, E. Groen, J. Dörr, C. Valero, A. Ebert

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 297

Abstract
Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) are moving into the focus of road safety solutions, be it Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) deployed in cars or enhanced guidance systems in smart cities. We concentrate on bicyclists and study means for assessing the impact of such safety solutions on the bicyclists’ behavior. We just recently developed the Virtual Cycling Environment (VCE), which allows a bicyclist to ride in a virtual reality environment while sitting on a real bike connected with a simulated environment. In this paper, we present a method for measuring the cyclists’ visual attention. This is a fundamental requirement for advanced studies of VRU safety systems including their performance as well as acceptance. In a small empirical study, we assess the feasibility of our approach for conducting psychological experiments in a human-in-the-loop setup.
Abstract
Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) are moving into the focus of road safety solutions, be it Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) deployed in cars or enhanced guidance systems [...]
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Impact of the Megatrend Digitalization on Maritime Logistics – Analysis of Opportunities and Threats
C. Jahn, K. Brümmerstedt, R. Fiedler, K. Renken

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 624

Abstract
The environment of maritime logistics actors in general and seaports in particular is very dynamic. Major megatrends challenging maritime logistics actors include e.g. globalization and changing trade patterns and production systems, demographic change, or the overall demand for more sustainability. However, no trend affects complete industries more than the technological progress driven by the megatrend digitalization. This paper analyzes the challenges arising from changing framework conditions that force maritime logistics actors like seaports and inland ports to change their mindset towards a maritime logistics ecosystem thinking and to digitally interconnect with other maritime logistics actors. It elaborates the opportunities and threats arising from the megatrend digitalization that affect maritime logistics actors in general and seaports in particular. Finally, the paper brings maritime logistics in general and ports in particular into the context of the current scientific discussion on digitalization and Industrie 4.0. It transfers the Industrie 4.0 concept to the maritime sector, resulting in a Port 4.0.
Abstract
The environment of maritime logistics actors in general and seaports in particular is very dynamic. Major megatrends challenging maritime logistics actors include e.g. globalization [...]
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Mobile Multi-functional Urban Logistics-Platforms with Electric Drive Train
A. Eichberger, S. Wrighton, H. Kraus, M. Hofstetter, M. Ackerl, R. Tiefengruber, G. Peneder, M. Schadler, N. Hafner, G. Kronawetter, A. Rauch, R. Hubauer

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 623

Abstract
Unconsolidated freight transport creates increasing problems in cities due to the use of public space and its negative environmental impact. The research project MULE analyzes if mobile multi-functional urban logistics platforms with electric propulsion in combination with a flexible two-stage city logistics concept can lift urban freight transport to a new level by using electric, (partially) autonomous utility vehicles that increase the efficiency of goods transport. To investigate its feasibility, the concept is modelled on vehicle level to investigate the electric drive-train as well as on logistics level. The feasibility of the holistic implementation of the MULE concept is realistic with regard to the concept’s cost economy and simultaneously has a high ecological potential. The cost saving potential is the result of combining automated loading concepts, a two-stage (multi-stage) city logistics system as well as vehicles with tailored electric drive trains using intermediate charging.
Abstract
Unconsolidated freight transport creates increasing problems in cities due to the use of public space and its negative environmental impact. The research project MULE analyzes [...]
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Road Users Characteristics And Their Willingness-to-Pay For Road Safety Improvement
M. Haddak

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 622

Abstract
The road risk perception varies between socio-economic and family environment, educational level and mobility experience. A good knowledge of the risk perception according to each social environment is essential for a better adapted and a better targeted prevention. One of the approaches used to understand this risk perception is the willingness to pay method. Moreover, much of the literature focused on estimating WTP for a reduction in the risk of fatal accident and on the calculation of the value or price of the risk, collectively named "the value of a statistical life”. In contrast, the present paper is interested in the valuation of more or less serious non-fatal injuries caused by traffic accidents. To do so, contingent valuation was conducted on the adult population (aged 18 years and older) of a French administrative Département (Rhône) during the year 2013. A telephone survey was conducted in 2013 with a sample of 2,216 inhabitants, randomly selected from the Rhône population. This study was based on the stated preference method. Respondents were asked their WTP to avoid diverse consequences of a road accident."br" Participants should consider contributing financially to the implementation of a local project to improve the safety of road users in the Rhône Département. To test the relationship between WTP and injury severity, three road safety projects were independently presented. Each was characterized by the types of injury against which it offered protection. For each project, respondents were asked whether they were willing to pay for the project to be implemented, if so, the maximum amount of money they were willing to pay each year. If not, zero WTP was assigned, and follow-up questions tried to identify the reasons for this choice; this allowed “genuine zero values”, consistent with an economic decision, to be distinguished from protest responses. A Tobit and a type-II Tobit model were estimated to identify factors for WTP. The results highlighted the significant and positive influence of injury severity on WTP. Experience of road traffic accidents seemed to play an important role, positively influencing valuation of non-fatal injury. The young people seemed to be more willing to invest in improving their road safety. As predicted by economic theory, the study confirms the positive relationship between WTP and income level. In this survey, we have taken into account all the determinants that affect willingness to pay, according to the literature: categories of road users, age groups and gender, family and social environments, (urban, peri-urban, rural), reasons for travel (professional or personal), experience of road traffic injury, etc. This suggests that these results can be transposed to any French or even European context.
Abstract
The road risk perception varies between socio-economic and family environment, educational level and mobility experience. A good knowledge of the risk perception according [...]
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Silicon and polyanionic chemistries and architectures of Li-ion cell for high energy battery
W. Porcher, J. Ducros, C. Haon, G. Claude, M. Montaru, T. Zhang, N. Ehteshami, E. Paillard, D. Eskenazi, M. Oyarbide, I. Meatza, G. Mulder, K. Trad, S. Kosch, D. Carvalho, A. Passerini

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 621

Abstract
The development of highly efficient batteries is a critical need in automotive industry in order to enable the future success of Electric Vehicles (EV). Active material with higher insertion potential in association with a compliant electrolyte is a way to increase Li-ion cell energy density and so EV autonomy. Moreover, green process like aqueous process for positive electrode manufacturing allows significant reduction of battery cost. This work in the framework of the European SPICY project presents results obtained on polyanionic chemistry in association with sulfolane or adiponitrile electrolyte solvent and water soluble binder stable at high voltage. Results at cell level are also presented with 17 Ah cells having same components but different formats. Models for electrochemical and thermal behavior at the levels of particles, electrodes and cells are finally presented and allow identification of the optimized cell design in terms of loading and porosity.
Abstract
The development of highly efficient batteries is a critical need in automotive industry in order to enable the future success of Electric Vehicles (EV). Active material with [...]
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Addressing the travel-related and organizational challenges to provide seamless, multi-modal, door-to-door journeys
R. Kleine, O. Cazemier, B. Hendriks

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 620

Abstract
Multi-modal mobility contributes, among other things, to accessibility and sustainability. New developments in"br" technology, sustainability and public transportation provide opportunities to take multi-modal mobility to the next"br" level. To do so however, one faces both travel-related and organizational challenges. The travel-related challenges"br" relate to providing what is necessary to create an attractive, pleasant and seamless journey from A to B for the"br" traveller, using different modes of transportation. The organizational challenges are more difficult to solve as the"br" organization of multi-modal mobility is generally spread across different organizations and departments with"br" different interests and resources. Two Dutch regions have faced both kinds of challenges and now serve as"br" examples in the field of multi-modal mobility. This paper will focus on how the challenges have been addressed"br" in these two cases to draw lessons for others who want to seize the opportunities that multi-modal mobility has to"br" offer.
Abstract
Multi-modal mobility contributes, among other things, to accessibility and sustainability. New developments in"br" technology, sustainability and public transportation provide [...]
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Channel Characterization Tool (CCT): Distributed Network Performance Evaluation Framework for the Feasibility Study of Public IP Networks in Railway
S. Yang, S. Arrizabalaga, I. Adin, J. Añorga, J. Goya, Z. Liu, J. Mendizabal

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 619

Abstract
Global System for Mobile Communications – Railway (GSM-R) is one of the most used radio technologies in railway network for transmitting control information. However, nowadays IP-based technology is quite up-to-date and mature. Since there are many approaches for providing support to IP mobility and adaptable communications, it is important first to measure and understand the performance of IP networks in current railway routes. This paper provides the details of a framework entitled Channel Characterization Tool (CCT), a distributed network performance evaluation framework for the feasibility study of public IP networks in railway network. This paper describes the architecture of CCT, and some results obtained in field testing, as the first step in the validation of the framework. Finally, future research lines and conclusions are drawn.
Abstract
Global System for Mobile Communications – Railway (GSM-R) is one of the most used radio technologies in railway network for transmitting control information. However, nowadays [...]
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Quantification of Accident Probabilities for a Risk Observatory
C. Wang, S. Metge, F. Holzapfel

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 618

Abstract
Risk Observatory for the total aviation system is being developed in the scope of project 4 of the Future Sky Safety program. The goal of the risk observatory is to collect data from all involved domains in order to compute and monitor the operational risks as well as to derive risk mitigation or reduction measures to improve the safety level throughout the system. The focus of this present work is the Physical Model, which contributes to the buildup of the Risk Observatory. The Physical Models use the relationships of contributing and influencing factors with respect to the aircraft’s flight dynamics in order to simulate the flight operations from the operator’s point of view. The goal of the approach is to quantify the occurrence probability of runway excursions in order to use this as a safety performance indicator. Connections to other models used by other domains are shown as well as the contribution of the Physical Models to the Risk Observatory.
Abstract
Risk Observatory for the total aviation system is being developed in the scope of project 4 of the Future Sky Safety program. The goal of the risk observatory is to collect [...]
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DLHub: Model and Data Serving for Science
B. Blaiszik, K. Chard, L. Ward, M. Franklin, S. Tuecke, R. Chard, A. Woodard, Z. Li, I. Foster, Y. Babuji

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 617

Abstract
While the Machine Learning (ML) landscape is evolving rapidly, there has been a relative lag in the development of the "learning systems" needed to enable broad adoption. Furthermore, few such systems are designed to support the specialized requirements of scientific ML. Here we present the Data and Learning Hub for science (DLHub), a multi-tenant system that provides both model repository and serving capabilities with a focus on science applications. DLHub addresses two significant shortcomings in current systems. First, its selfservice model repository allows users to share, publish, verify, reproduce, and reuse models, and addresses concerns related to model reproducibility by packaging and distributing models and all constituent components. Second, it implements scalable and low-latency serving capabilities that can leverage parallel and distributed computing resources to democratize access to published models through a simple web interface. Unlike other model serving frameworks, DLHub can store and serve any Python 3-compatible model or processing function, plus multiple-function pipelines. We show that relative to other model serving systems including TensorFlow Serving, SageMaker, and Clipper, DLHub provides greater capabilities, comparable performance without memoization and batching, and significantly better performance when the latter two techniques can be employed. We also describe early uses of DLHub for scientific applications. Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, conference paper
Abstract
While the Machine Learning (ML) landscape is evolving rapidly, there has been a relative lag in the development of the "learning systems" needed to enable broad adoption. [...]
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Internalisation of external costs of transport in Flanders
E. Delhaye, G. De Ceuster, F. Vanhove, S. Maerivoet

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 616

Abstract
In this study we calculate the private costs, marginal external costs, and degree of internalization for all modes in"br" Flanders for the period 2000-2014, with an outlook towards 2016. The private costs are the costs for the user."br" For road transport these include the vehicle purchase costs, insurances, maintenance, fuel costs, etc. For transport"br" services (bus, train, plane) this is the ticket price. Marginal external costs are the costs the user does not take into"br" account when deciding to make a trip. They are called marginal as we focus on the additional effect of that one"br" trip. We considered congestion, environment (air pollution and greenhouse gasses), noise, safety, infrastructure"br" wear & tear and health."br" The internalization of external costs determines the extent to which the user does take into account part of these"br" external costs via taxes and levies. In the case of full internalization, the user pays for all the costs he causes via"br" taxes and levies. Today, in most cases, the user does not pay the full costs he causes."br" Based on our calculations we assessed the evolution of the degree of internalization over time. Is Flanders"br" heading towards the “polluter pays principle”? Which steps are needed to evolve to a better pricing? We found"br" that over the years the level of internalisation is mainly driven by changes in external costs rather than by a"br" targeted adjustment of taxes. Recent changes in taxation such as the changes in the car registration tax, the yearly"br" road tax and the km charge for trucks did lead to an increase in internalisation, but we are still far from full"br" internalisation. Moreover, it would be better to differentiate taxes not only on environmental performance but"br" also on time and place. The levels of internalisation are also very different – not only between modes but also"br" within the road mode.
Abstract
In this study we calculate the private costs, marginal external costs, and degree of internalization for all modes in"br" Flanders for the period 2000-2014, with an outlook [...]
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Hydrogen Production and Storage by Oxidation and Reduction of Iron-based Oxygen Carriers
S. Bock, R. Zacharias, R. Schauperl, J. Rechberger, F. Hofen, G. Voitic, U. Strohmeyer, V. Hacker

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 615

Abstract
The fixed-bed chemical-looping hydrogen (CLH) process offers the possibility of decentralised small-scale hydrogen production and storage from local available renewable hydrocarbon sources like biogas. The detailed process simulation indicated the ability of converting a broad range of different bio-based feedstocks into hydrogen."br" Experiments for hydrogen production in a lab-scale reactor showed the ability to release high-pressurized hydrogen with up to 50 bar from the fixed-bed production system without an additional gas compression step. Hydrogen with a purity up to 99.999% was produced in the performed lab-scale experiments to meet the stringent requirements for FCEVs. Detailed process simulations for combined loading and unloading of the oxygen carrier with a typical biogas feedstock are presented. The thermodynamic analyses revealed a high influence of the reformer synthesis gas composition and also of the internal recirculation on the overall process efficiency."br" The previously loaded oxygen carrier is appropriate as process-integrated storage solution to cover fluctuating demands during the day i.e. for use in fuel stations. A long-term storage and distribution is possible due to the easy handling and the very high volumetric storage capacity compared to conventional tube trailer transportation.
Abstract
The fixed-bed chemical-looping hydrogen (CLH) process offers the possibility of decentralised small-scale hydrogen production and storage from local available renewable hydrocarbon [...]
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A Smart-Home IoT Infrastructure for the Support of Independent Living of Older Adults
N. Kaklanis, S. Stavrotheodoros, D. Tzovaras, K. Votis

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 614

Abstract
Part 4: HEALTHIOT; International audience; Although the healthcare sector has been hugely benefited from the advantages made in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) domain in the recent years, the emerging technology breakthrough of the Internet-of-Things (IoT), in which all devices and services are collaborating while reducing human intervention, promises new solutions that will enable users to have a more home-centric healthcare, and a sustainable active and healthy ageing. This paper is proposing a smart-home IoT infrastructure for the support and extension of the independent living of older adults in their living environments that responds also to real needs of caregivers and public authorities. The proposed infrastructure seamlessly utilizes health and monitoring devices for the provision of a safe environment for an elderly, the mitigation of frailty and the preservation of quality of life and autonomy. It also provides a mechanism for easy setup and testing of the installed equipment and a decision support system that offers advanced data analytics and visual analytics mechanisms to the formal and informal caregivers of the elderly for the efficient monitoring of their health and activity status. Document type: Conference object
Abstract
Part 4: HEALTHIOT; International audience; Although the healthcare sector has been hugely benefited from the advantages made in the Information and Communication Technology [...]
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A Comparative Evaluation of the Safety Performance of Median Barriers on Non-urban Roads in Israel
V. Gitelman, E. Doveh, S. Hakkert

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 613

Abstract
This study compared the safety of road sections with various median barriers, namely: Step-shaped in-situ barriers, pre-cast concrete barriers and steel guardrails, as new barrier types (that satisfy the requirements of EN 1317 in Europe), and old NJ-shaped in-situ barriers. The study included 558 km of non-urban Israeli roads. Negative-binomial regression models were fitted for predicting crashes, and differences in crash expectancy were evaluated for various barrier types, while controlling for other road and traffic characteristics. On dual-carriageway roads, sections with Step-barriers showed a better safety level relative to those with NJ-barriers and, sometimes, to other barrier types. On motorways, the safety level of sections with Step-barriers was better or similar to that with NJ-barriers, with no difference compared to the pre-cast barriers, while sections with steel guardrails had a better safety level, particularly at traffic volumes over 40,000 vehicles. The economic evaluation showed benefits for replacing the old NJ-barrier by a Step-barrier, on dual-carriageway roads, and by steel barriers, on motorways.
Abstract
This study compared the safety of road sections with various median barriers, namely: Step-shaped in-situ barriers, pre-cast concrete barriers and steel guardrails, as new [...]
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The daily odyssey of the delivery workers in pedestrianized zones
J. Gómez Sánchez, M. Fuente Aragón, L. Ros McDonnell

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 294

Abstract
International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Industrial Management (13th. 2019. Gijón)
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Analysis of selected types of advertisement influencing the driver’s attention in real road traffic
V. Svozilova, O. Vallová, I. Stáňa, K. Bucsuházy, M. Semela

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 612

Abstract
One of the probable causes of road accidents may be a high density of information which may cause the driver to miss a fact significant for dealing with an individual road traffic situation. In particular failure or distraction of the driver's attention often leads to a late recognition of the risk or insufficient information processing. The primary task of advertisement is to attract attention of consumers. Advertisements near the road undoubtedly belong to substantial distractors. In 2017, a change in the legal regulation was made in the Czech Republic. Placement of advertising facilities has been directly prohibited in the protection zone of motorways and first-class roads. Existing advertising facilities must be removed from the vicinity of these roads. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that the advertising equipment will be moved to the vicinity of the local roads, especially in the urban areas. In-depth analysis of the security risks associated with the installation of advertisement at the border of the road transport zone is an important potential for implementing new corrective actions to reduce the incidence of driver interference. The aim of this article is to present the results of the analysis of the impact of advertisement on the driver's attention in real road traffic. For the analysis of the selected types of advertisement equipment (small advertising equipment, billboards, bigboards and megaboards) the eyetracking methods have been used. Most of currently realized studies have analysed the influence of advertising device under simulated conditions. Therefore, this measurement has been realized in real traffic. Measurement has been carried out with 30 drivers, on 3 different routes in the city. Achieved results illustrate the negative impact of advertisement on the driver’s visual attention that has been observed and confirmed.
Abstract
One of the probable causes of road accidents may be a high density of information which may cause the driver to miss a fact significant for dealing with an individual road [...]
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Road infrastructure support levels for automated driving
A. Carreras, X. Daura, J. Erhart, S. Ruehrup

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 611

Abstract
This paper is a joint work of ASFINAG and ABERTIS AUTOPISTAS, two European road operators that already maintain a digital infrastructure on which many aspects of AD support can be built on. It presents, to the best of our knowledge, the first attempt to define a classification scheme to harmonize the capabilities of the infrastructure to support AD. It is based on the idea of gradual steps towards full digitalization of the infrastructure and the information that can be delivered to AVs in order to support driving and effectively performing traffic management tasks for the coming highway automation.
Abstract
This paper is a joint work of ASFINAG and ABERTIS AUTOPISTAS, two European road operators that already maintain a digital infrastructure on which many aspects of AD support [...]
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Possibilities and barriers in ride-sharing in work commuting – a case study in Sweden
A. Brenden, M. Hesselgren, D. Bauer

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 610

Abstract
To understand possibilities and barriers for ride-sharing in work commuting, 451 persons living in the same suburban area and working at the same site were invited to join a ride-sharing program and use a mobile application. Two quantitative web surveys and 16 in-depth interviews have been performed. The results have been analysed using social practice theories as an analytical lens. The participants understood the benefits with the ride-sharing practice, but out of the 451 invited participants, only 8 downloaded the required mobile application for the ride-sharing program. Different to previous results in the literature, trust and security were not seen as issues in this case. Instead the expected loss of flexibility was seen as the main barrier. The participants found a meaning in “being a green commuter” and understood that ride-sharing could contribute to decrease challenges of congestion, environmental impact, and overfull parking places. However, they rated their own current flexibility and convenience in commuting higher than the expected benefits from ride-sharing.
Abstract
To understand possibilities and barriers for ride-sharing in work commuting, 451 persons living in the same suburban area and working at the same site were invited to join [...]
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The role of Bangladeshi seaports in connecting 21st century maritime silk road and silk road economic belt to implement OBOR ( One Belt, One Road) initiative of China
R. SAHA

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 609

Abstract
The strategic place of Bangladesh in the proposed 21st century maritime Silk Road will attract the international traders where port transport service may offer to the neighbor countries for establishing industry also reducing shipping cost significantly. The objective of the OBOR initiative that proposed by China is to address the common needs of transport access for all and launch a new global transport networks by the combination of surface and water transportation system. In the aim of connecting two transport modes of OBOR, intermodal freight transportation system has a role to join two nodes of two modes to cover the line from Bangladesh to China and bid maritime logistics to the adjacent industry and offer for setting new industry to follow the easy access of seaports in Bangladesh. In this connection, Bangladesh has opportunity to draw lines from its seaports to China economy road by direct road haulage, road and rail, water and road combination to facilitate the port transport service. To follow the intermodal freight transportation system, it is possible to connect with India, Nepal, Bhutan, China and Myanmar where Bangladesh can do transport business with them and able to develop the area of those countries that are landlocked especially seven sisters of India and south-west part of China and southern part of Myanmar predictably. Recent initiative of India, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh’s motor vehicles agreement (BBIN) is indicating cargo movement among the four South Asian neighbors for a common transport policy to develop the region where OBOR will play a vital role to connect all countries of the South Asia especially cost effective maritime access through Bangladeshi seaports. This paper tried to find out the secure access to and from the Bangladeshi seaports by all means of transport as per OBOR initiative of China by following two-fold research methodology qualitative and quantitative.
Abstract
The strategic place of Bangladesh in the proposed 21st century maritime Silk Road will attract the international traders where port transport service may offer to the neighbor [...]
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Effectiveness of Rumble Strips Positioned at Different Lateral Distances to the Edge Line to Avoid Run-Off-Road Accidents
E. Tomasch, H. Hoschopf, W. Sinz, B. Strnad

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 608

Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that the share of single vehicle run-off-road accidents caused by inattention, distraction and drowsiness ranges between 20% up to 60%. One measure to avoid these accidents is the installation of rumble strips at or close to the edge line of the hard shoulder. Even though one percent of vehicles drive on the hard shoulder and thus pass the edge line without the drivers being inattentive, distracted or drowsy. Hence the installation of rumble strips would result in unnecessary noise pollution to the people living close to the road."br" This study shows at which position to the edge line rumble strips could be installed at the hard shoulder to avoid unnecessary noise pollution and still potentially reduce run-off-road accidents. The analysis of real accidents showed an effectiveness reducing run-off-road accidents with rumble strips of approximately 41% if rumble strips are positioned directly on the edge line. The effectiveness of rumble strips is not influenced much by varying the distance of up to 0.5 m to the edge line. Still approximately 37% of run-off-road accidents might be avoided.
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that the share of single vehicle run-off-road accidents caused by inattention, distraction and drowsiness ranges between 20% up to 60%. [...]
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Reproducible Data Analysis Pipelines for Precision Medicine
B. Fjukstad, V. Dumeaux, M. Hallett, L. Bongo

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 607

Abstract
Precision medicine brings the promise of more precise diagnosis and individualized therapeutic strategies from analyzing a cancer’s genomic signature. Technologies such as high-throughput sequencing enable cheaper data collection at higher speed, but rely on modern data analysis platforms to extract knowledge from these high dimensional datasets. Since this is a rapidly advancing field, new diagnoses and therapies often require tailoring of the analysis. These pipelines are therefore developed iteratively, continuously modifying analysis parameters before arriving at the final results. To enable reproducible results it is important to record all these modifications and decisions made during the analysis process."/jats:p""jats:p"We built a system, "jats:monospace"walrus"/jats:monospace", to support reproducible analyses for iteratively developed analysis pipelines. The approach is based on our experiences developing and using deep analysis pipelines to provide insights and recommendations for treatment in an actual breast cancer case. We designed "jats:monospace"walrus"/jats:monospace" for the single servers or small compute clusters typically available for novel treatments in the clinical setting. "jats:monospace"walrus"/jats:monospace" leverages software containers to provide reproducible execution environments, and integrates with modern version control systems to capture provenance of data and pipeline parameters."/jats:p""jats:p"We have used "jats:monospace"walrus"/jats:monospace" to analyze a patient’s primary tumor and adjacent normal tissue, including subsequent metastatic lesions. Although we have used "jats:monospace"walrus"/jats:monospace" for specialized analyses of whole-exome sequencing datasets, it is a general data analysis tool that can be applied in a variety of scientific disciplines. We have open sourced "jats:monospace"walrus"/jats:monospace" along with example data analysis pipelines at "jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://github.com/uit-bdps/walrus""github.com/uit-bdps/walrus."/jats:ext-link
Abstract
Precision medicine brings the promise of more precise diagnosis and individualized therapeutic strategies from analyzing a cancer’s genomic signature. Technologies such [...]
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Fault Injection Framework for Time Triggered Ethernet
O. Daniel, F. Jia-Jiann, O. Roman

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 606

Abstract
Time-Triggered Ethernet (TTEthernet) is increasingly being deployed in avionics, space applications and other safety-critical systems. The main reasons are its real-time determinism, support for mixed-criticality and certification. Due to the application in these safety-critical systems, TTEthernet was equipped with various fault-tolerance capabilities such as anti-masquerading and a guardian functionality. Consequently a challenge for this kind of system is the realistic and effective validation that can evaluate multiple implementations from different vendors including the protocol itself using Fault Injection (FI). This paper presents an FI framework for TTEthernet using an FPGA which is connected to the network under test and injects faults according to a cut-through paradigm. The proposed solution improves previous FI systems, since it addresses time-aware networks and has the capability to target individual traffic classes such as Rate Constrained (RC) and Time Triggered (TT) frames. This provides better controllability, including the ability of the framework to target TTEthernet synchronisation mechanism.
Abstract
Time-Triggered Ethernet (TTEthernet) is increasingly being deployed in avionics, space applications and other safety-critical systems. The main reasons are its real-time determinism, [...]
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Innovative Railway Traction System
M. Falco, G. Desportes, M. Piton

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 605

Abstract
This article describes the future Alstom railway traction systems developed as part of “Shift2rail”. This"br" innovative system is based on silicon carbide (SiC) high power density converters, high efficiency transformers,"br" increased speed motors to improve the whole traction system efficiency. SiC semiconductors (MOSFET) have"br" lower losses than silicon IGBT and will operate at higher junction temperature (175°C). The reduction of the"br" power converters’ losses (-50% total losses) enables the cooling system to be simplified and compacted."br" Globally, we expect important achievements in terms of train energy consumption (-10% at train level), mass"br" and volume reduction, positive impact regarding the reliability (elimination of cooling pumps and fans), better"br" availability and noise reduction, in order to design innovative, environmentally friendly, economy efficient rail"br" solutions.
Abstract
This article describes the future Alstom railway traction systems developed as part of “Shift2rail”. This"br" innovative system is based on silicon carbide (SiC) high [...]
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Human-Machine Interaction Assessment by Neurophysiological Measures: A Study on Professional Air Traffic Controllers
A. Florio, P. Aricò, S. Pozzi, C. Hurter, A. Ferreira, J. Imbert, E. Pavone, V. Betti, M. Marucci, M. Reynal, A. Telea, N. Sciaraffa, F. Babiloni, G. Borghini, G. Flumeri, M. Terenzi

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 604

Abstract
International audience; This study aims at investigating the possibility to employ neurophysiological measures to assess the human - machine interaction effectiveness . Such a measure can be used to compare new technologies or solutions, with the final purpose to enhance operator’s experience and increase safety. I n the present work, two different interaction modalities (Normal and Augmented) related to Air Traffic Management field have been compared , by involving 10 professional air traffic controllers in a control tower simulated environment . Experimental task consisted in locating aircrafts in different airspace positions by using the sense of hearing. In one modality (i.e. “Normal”), all the sound sources (aircraft s ) had the same amplification factor . I n the “Augmented” modality , the amplification factor of the sound sources located al ong the participant head sagittal axis was increased, while the intensity of sound sources located outside this axis decreased . In other words, when the user oriented his head toward the aircraft position, the related sound was amplified. Performance data , subjective questionnaires (i.e. NASA - TLX) and neurophysiological measures (i.e. EEG - based) related to the experienced workload have been collected. Results showed higher significant performance achieved by the users during the “Augmented” modality with respect to the “Normal” one, supported by a significant decreasing in experienced workload, evaluated by using EEG - based index. In addition, Performance and EEG - based workload index showed a significant negative correlation. On the contrary , subjective workload analysis did not show any significant trend. This result is a demonstration of the higher effectiveness of neurophysiological measures with respect to subjective ones for Human - Computer Interaction assessment.
Abstract
International audience; This study aims at investigating the possibility to employ neurophysiological measures to assess the human - machine interaction effectiveness . Such [...]
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The concept of using the mobile robot for telemechanical wires installation in pipelines
W. Kaczmarek, P. Prusaczyk, J. Panasiuk, M. Siwek, S. Borys

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 603
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The use of waste glass in asphalt concrete
O. Ogundipe, E. Nnochiri

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 602

Abstract
The study investigates the use of waste glass as filler in asphalt concrete. Waste glass constitutes a significant proportion of the waste generated in both developed and developing countries. Successful utilization of the waste glass in asphalt will reduce/solve the problem faced by environmental agencies at ensuring safe disposal of the non-biodegradable waste and may improve the asphalt properties. In the study, waste glass in form of filler was introduced into the asphalt mix at 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18% and 20% of the total mix. The asphalt concrete samples with and without waste glass as filler were subjected to Marshall test to determine the stability, flow, air voids, void in mix aggregate and void filled with bitumen. The Marshall test results show that the stability increases with increasing glass filler up to 18%, although the values were lower than that of asphalt concrete without waste glass. This implies improved resistance to fatigue for higher waste glass content. Also, the flow increases with increasing glass filler, which implies the resistance to permanent deformation did not improve. Also, other properties were found to give mixed results.
Abstract
The study investigates the use of waste glass as filler in asphalt concrete. Waste glass constitutes a significant proportion of the waste generated in both developed and [...]
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Looking for a new approach to categorize urban streets - insights and recommendations from a comparative analysis of innovative approaches in Europe
M. Mailer, G. Telepak

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 601

Abstract
Categorization of the road network is a foundation of transport planning and traffic engineering, however, the paradigm shift towards “Planning for People” is often not reflected in technical standards. New approaches are needed to unlock efficiencies in the planning and design of urban streets. This paper looks at the state of the art and compares implemented innovative approaches from several European cities."br" No individual case could be identified, which incorporates all envisionable dimensions of urban street categorization. In-depth analysis did reveal several best practices which were deemed highly transferable and allowed compiling of recommendations.
Abstract
Categorization of the road network is a foundation of transport planning and traffic engineering, however, the paradigm shift towards “Planning for People” is often not [...]
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Introducing the circular economy in road infrastructure development. Challenges and dilemmas in designing circular roads.
W. Leendertse, J. Hendriksen, S. Kerkhofs

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 600

Abstract
The throwaway culture has for years been the hallmark of our economic system. We produce, use and throw"br" away what is left as waste. A circular economy assumes that materials are part of a closed system of subsequent"br" loops, where the output of one loop is the input of the next loop. Ideally, resources are used over and over again"br" without becoming waste. Currently, there is a growing political and societal pressure to reduce the use of basic"br" materials and to prevent creating waste. For example, Dutch government decided in 2016 that the whole Dutch"br" economy - including road construction - should be circular in 2050! The road construction industry is infamous"br" for its’ major use of energy resources and materials. Road constructions are usually constructed for a 50 to 100"br" years’ lifetime and are then supposed to be written off as waste. Under the above mentioned political and societal"br" pressure also the road infrastructure sector is strongly challenged to become circular. But, how to design and"br" realize a circular road for multiple lifecycles? The paper will discuss this question by mirroring theory about"br" circular design to the first circular designed highway viaduct in The Netherlands. The aim is to understand"br" circular design in highway development and to explore general design principles.
Abstract
The throwaway culture has for years been the hallmark of our economic system. We produce, use and throw"br" away what is left as waste. A circular economy assumes that materials [...]
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Positive Drive, a gamified tracking campaign to uncover human mobility behavior in an urban business district
M. Kracheel, P. Egmond, G. Tavernier

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 599

Abstract
The majority of commuting trips of employees working in Luxembourg are made by car. Cross-border workers coming from France, Belgium or Germany work in 40% of the available jobs in the country and heavily rely on individual motorized modes for their home-to work journey. As major employers have a partial responsibility in the home-to-work trip of their employees, measures to mitigate the negative externalities of these trips have to be implemented together with them. In a specific campaign in partnership with seven major employers of a Luxembourgish developing business district, the Cloche d’Or, we are aiming at tackling local mobility problems. In April 2017, IMS - Inspiring More Sustainability - and LuxMobility have gathered the major employers in the Cloche d’Or area representing 7800 workers to participate in a gamified mobility campaign with the application “Positive Drive”, an online survey and a series of focus groups. In this practitioners’ paper, we explain how we set up our campaign and we present selected findings as well as concrete recommendations for the companies.
Abstract
The majority of commuting trips of employees working in Luxembourg are made by car. Cross-border workers coming from France, Belgium or Germany work in 40% of the available [...]
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DATEX II profiling and validation
B. Neuhäuser, W. Kernstock, K. Zwick, M. Zangl

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 598

Abstract
This paper deals with DATEX II profiling and validation aspects in the context of data modelling requirements coming from the European Commission’s Delegated Regulations."br" Since the DATEX II traffic data exchange standard has been established in many EU Member States, interoperability in terms of traffic data exchange even on an international level (between different European road operators) becomes more relevant in terms of enabling real-time based road management operations."br" Even though DATEX II is an open, commonly available standard for traffic data exchange, interoperability between two or more DATEX II systems can only be achieved having data elements commonly specified. With this respect, analyses of already existing DATEX II deployments have shown that there is a special need for harmonizing especially DATEX II generated data content profiles in order to ease bilateral traffic information exchange. Already when deploying DATEX II based traffic services, interoperability issues have to be considered from the very beginning, allowing smooth running traffic data exchange procedures. Therefore DATEX II profiling support is required in order to provide a harmonised exchange complying with different traffic data domains covering the Delegated Regulations as well."br" In detail a dictionary (middleware specification) providing a matching between Priority Action c (safety related), e (truck parking related) and b (real-time related) data categories and DATEX II data elements was elaborated within the CROCODILE project (co-financed by the Connecting Europe Facility) providing a minimum set of DATEX II elements to be used for harmonised profile generation. In order to allow DATEX II developers to check individually generated DATEX II profiles against a commonly defined minimum set of data (also referred to as ‘profile’), an online based DATEX II reference and validation tool was developed. The tool itself provides validation and parsing rules to be used for obtaining a high-quality compliance check. In other words, the testing tool (also referred to as DATEX II Test Center) provides a simple and harmonised procedure for validating individually generated DATEX II profiles against provided Delegated Regulation based traffic data domains and thus allowing basic profile consistency checks for harmonised data exchange."br" Based on the DATEX II Test center, DATEX II users and developers are able to check anonymously and voluntarily DATEX II profiles against predefined set of data elements to be commonly used. Thus a simple self-assessment is provided by the tooling.
Abstract
This paper deals with DATEX II profiling and validation aspects in the context of data modelling requirements coming from the European Commission’s Delegated Regulations."br" [...]
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Research on the Relationship between Air Transport Capacity Upgrading and Economic Growth from the Perspective of Externality -- Take Guizhou Province for Example
W. Bai, Z. Lv

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 597
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Integral Failure Analysis of Pipelines in Flood Defenses
T. Schweckendiek, H. Schelfhout, H. Kruse, A. Meer

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 282

Abstract
The presence of pipelines in flood defenses presents a challenge for assessing the probability of flooding. To prevent costly structural measures compensating for the possible negative effects of pipeline failure, we developed a framework for an integral failure analysis of pipeline and dike failure. The assessment framework is based on an event tree with several scenarios or paths resulting in failure of the flood defense and subsequent flooding of the hinterland. The event tree allows us to combine the probability and consequences of pipeline failure with the failure mechanisms of the flood defense and the possibility of detecting and repairing the damage before a flood or other hydraulic loading. The framework has proven to be effective in preventing costly structural measures for a pipeline in the crest of a dike in Amsterdam.
Abstract
The presence of pipelines in flood defenses presents a challenge for assessing the probability of flooding. To prevent costly structural measures compensating for the possible [...]
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What evolutions and technological solutions are necessary for sustainable land transport systems
B. Chiara

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 281

Abstract
Starting with a glimpse of how mobility and traffic have been evolving in Europe in recent decades, and also with a comparison of motionless communications, the paper considers what mobility and logistics require today, in terms of general trends. In order to try to answer to this question properly, the constraints on transport systems in this first half of the twenty-first century are examined, as far as sustainability is concerned. From such a comprehensive perspective, it is possible to infer solutions for mobility and logistics within urban contexts and for extra-urban transport systems. The conclusions summarise the technological evolutions that can be expected according to the premises, which are therefore compliant with the current and expected environmental constraints and goals. Document type: Article
Abstract
Starting with a glimpse of how mobility and traffic have been evolving in Europe in recent decades, and also with a comparison of motionless communications, the paper considers [...]
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A Speed Planner Approach Based On Bézier Curves Using Vehicle Dynamic Constrains and Passengers Comfort
R. Lattarulo, J. Matute, J. Pérez, E. Martí, M. Marcano

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 596

Abstract
This paper presents a speed profile generation approach for longitudinal control of automated vehicles, based on quintic Bézier curves. The described method aims to increase comfort level of passengers based on the ISO2631-1 specification, while taking into account vehicle dynamics and traffic rules to keep high safety levels. The algorithm has been tested in an in-house tool for high accuracy vehicle dynamics simulations, called Dynacar. The considered scenario is a closed circuit inside Tecnalia facilities. The resulting profile has better properties (for example, rate of change) than a raw input based on traffic speed limits. When used as reference for the speed controller, it improves both comfort and safety. This work is partly supported by the H2020 project UnCoVerCPS with grant number 643921, and the H2020 Project STEVE with proposal identification number 769944.
Abstract
This paper presents a speed profile generation approach for longitudinal control of automated vehicles, based on quintic Bézier curves. The described method aims to increase [...]
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ComfRide: A smartphone based system for comfortable public transport recommendation
N. Ganguly, S. Ghosh, R. Verma, B. Mitra, M. Saketh, S. Chakraborty

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 595

Abstract
Passenger comfort is a major factor influencing a commuter's decision to avail public transport. Existing studies suggest that factors like overcrowding, jerkiness, traffic congestion etc. correlate well to passenger's (dis)comfort. An online survey conducted with more than 300 participants from 12 different countries reveals that different personalized and context dependent factors influence passenger comfort during a travel by public transport. Leveraging on these findings, we identify correlations between comfort level and these dynamic parameters, and implement a smartphone based application, ComfRide, which recommends the most comfortable route based on user's preference honoring her travel time constraint. We use a 'Dynamic Input/Output Automata' based composition model to capture both the wide varieties of comfort choices from the commuters and the impact of environment on the comfort parameters. Evaluation of ComfRide, involving 50 participants over 28 routes in a state capital of India, reveals that recommended routes have on average 30% better comfort level than Google map recommended routes, when a commuter gives priority to specific comfort parameters of her choice.
Abstract
Passenger comfort is a major factor influencing a commuter's decision to avail public transport. Existing studies suggest that factors like overcrowding, jerkiness, traffic [...]
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Longitudinal Model Predictive Control with comfortable speed planner
J. Matute, A. Zubizarreta, M. Marcano, J. Pérez

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 594

Abstract
Guaranteeing simplicity and safety is a real challenge of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), being these aspects necessary for the development of decision and control stages in highly automated vehicles. Considering that a human-centered design is generally pursued, exploring comfort boundaries in passenger vehicles has a significant importance. This work aims to implement a simple Model Predictive Control (MPC) for longitudinal maneuvers, considering a bare speed planner based on the curvature of a predefined geometrical path. The speed profiles are constrained with a maximum value at any time, in such way that total accelerations are lower than specified constraint limits. A double proportional with curvature bias control was employed as a simple algorithm for lateral maneuvers. The tests were performed within a realistic simulation environment with a virtual vehicle model based on a multi-body formulation. The results of this investigation permits to determine the capabilities of simplified control algorithms in real scenarios, and comprehend how to improve them to be more efficient. Authors want to acknowledge their organization. This project has received funding from the Electronic Component Systems for European Leadership Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No 737469 (AutoDrive Project). This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and Germany, Austria, Spain, Italy, Latvia, Belgium, Netherlands, Sweden, Finland, Lithuania, Czech Republic, Romania, Norway. This work was developed at Tecnalia Research & Innovation facilities supporting this research.
Abstract
Guaranteeing simplicity and safety is a real challenge of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), being these aspects necessary for the development of decision and control [...]
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Business case for electric road
H. Sundelin, M. Linder, A. Mellquist, M. Gustavsson, C. Börjesson, S. Pettersson

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 593

Abstract
Electrified roads have the potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from the transport sector. Where long-distance heavy traffic is concerned, there is actually no cheaper alternative which is equally energy-efficient, has such low carbon dioxide emissions and for which the energy supply is assured in Sweden and the rest of Europe. Many questions nevertheless remain."br" In this preliminary study we have focussed on the business ecosystem likely to be built up alongside an electrified road. This has been done by means of interviewing interested parties and a thorough review of previous publications. On the basis of this background information, a computation model has been developed to be able to analyse the influence of various parameters. The stretch of 120 kilometre long road between Gävle and Borlänge has been used as a case study but an attempt to find other applicable stretches has also been undertaken. The model has a solid footing with the parties involved in the project and with people who have good insight into financial computations previously undertaken in relation to electrified roads."br" The computation model that has been developed is primarily thought of as a model for overall surpluses or deficits for all stakeholders in the business ecosystem. It is not, therefore, a complete socio-economic model, which would include considerably more consequences for society at large, such as the influence on local and national businesses, increased employment and so forth. The model has been developed on the assumption that all prices and values are given for a point in time when the solution is in an ’early commercialisation phase’."br" In comparison with diesel routes, it generally applies for electrified roads that every kilometre of road and every vehicle adds extra costs and that every kilometre driven creates savings. Thus for an electrified road system to be profitable, the stretch of electrified road must comprise a significant percentage of the overall distance driven by a truck. Nor must the stretch of road be too short, for then too much time is spent loading/unloading and too few kilometres (where the savings occur) are driven. Following familiarisation with various scenarios, a coherent, highly qualitative judgment, based on the electrified road computation model, would suggest that the suitable characteristics for such roads would be:"br"  A distance of at least twenty kilometres"br"  Annual average daily traffic (AADT) for electrified road trucks should be around two times as many as the number of electrified kilometres"br"  The electrified stretch should comprise 60% percent or more of the trucks’ overall distance driven each year."br" For the case of Gävle-Borlänge (120 km), it appears that the stretch will be able to pay for itself, for example, when 190 electrified trucks complete the stretch an average of 4 times per day throughout the year (back and forth twice a day 365 days a year), amounting to 92% of the vehicles’ overall distance being driven on electrified road.
Abstract
Electrified roads have the potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from the transport sector. Where long-distance heavy traffic is concerned, there is actually no cheaper [...]
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A Preparedness System for Natural Hazards Management on Norwegian Roads
M. Frekhaug, L. Kristensen, T. Humstad

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 592

Abstract
In Norway, in both mountainous and coastal areas, roads are exposed to natural hazards such as snow avalanches, landslides and floods. Each year 1500-3000 landslides and snow avalanches are registered on public roads. Over the years, The Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA) has developed a preparedness system for natural hazard management, based on close cooperation with other governmental agencies and an open data policy. This paper aims at presenting how the NPRA manages its road network in the context of natural hazards, with an emphasis on communication between contractors and the NPRA through the ELRAPP application, which allows contractors to assess and report natural hazards. The application has contributed to an increase in both the contractors’ and the NPRA’s awareness on natural hazards in general, and snow avalanches in particular. More awareness and knowledge on landslides and other natural hazards is called for.
Abstract
In Norway, in both mountainous and coastal areas, roads are exposed to natural hazards such as snow avalanches, landslides and floods. Each year 1500-3000 landslides and snow [...]
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Reducing noise pollution of urban areas: new advances for railway vehicles
A. A.Bistagnino

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 591

Abstract
In the framework of the Shift2Rail initiative, Alstom has worked on the development of advanced prediction"br" methodologies for the noise emissions of traction chain elements of rolling stock vehicles. The two main noise"br" generation mechanisms treated here are aeroacoustic noise due to cooling fans and noise of electromagnetic"br" origin; the main source of interest is the traction motor but other sources can be treated with the methodologies"br" here developed. This paper presents the current status of these investigations, the expected noise reduction and"br" the impact this could have at train level. The special case of urban vehicles is discussed more in detail as these"br" improvements are of particular relevance for urban areas and their citizens.
Abstract
In the framework of the Shift2Rail initiative, Alstom has worked on the development of advanced prediction"br" methodologies for the noise emissions of traction chain elements [...]
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Integrated, sustainable planning of urban logistics - a joint system of objectives
T. Assmann, F. Behrendt

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 273

Abstract
Urban logistics is increasingly facing the need to transform its system design in urban areas. Not just the global megatrends of urbanization and global warming, but also severe local challenges of each city like high levels of congestion and a critical air pollution are forcing municipalities and logistics service providers (LSP) to reconfigure layout, means of transport, nodes and the service design [1] of the logistics systems within a city. Nevertheless LSPs are playing a dominant role in this respect, municipalities and corresponding stakeholders are highly influencing this planning by centralized urban planning and decentralized stakeholder individual actions, shaping the urban form in which logistics takes places and is determined by.
Abstract
Urban logistics is increasingly facing the need to transform its system design in urban areas. Not just the global megatrends of urbanization and global warming, but also [...]
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Reconfigurable asynchronous pipelines: From formal models to silicon
A. Gennaro, D. Sokolov, A. Mokhov

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 590

Abstract
Dataflow pipelines are widely used in the design of high-throughput computation systems. Real-life applications often require dynamically reconfigurable pipelines to differently process data items or adjust to the current operating mode. Reconfigurable synchronous pipelines are known since 1980s and are well supported by formal models and tools. Reconfigurable asynchronous pipelines on the other hand, have neither a formal behavioural model, nor mature EDA support, making them unattractive to industry. This paper presents a model and an open-source tool for the design and verification of reconfigurable asynchronous pipelines, and validates this approach in silicon.
Abstract
Dataflow pipelines are widely used in the design of high-throughput computation systems. Real-life applications often require dynamically reconfigurable pipelines to differently [...]
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Machine learning techniques for modeling ships performance in waves
G. Luka, M. Dino, M. Luka, G. Izvor

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 589

Abstract
This paper presents a design of a system for monitoring and recording the influence of a running sea on a vessel"br" in motion. Our approach is based on machine learning techniques that relate measured wave parameters (encounter"br" angle, wave height and wave amplitude) with measured motion characteristics of the vessel. High quality GRIB"br" data for wave measurements are available for some regions (e.g. North Sea and Adriatic) and we use those for"br" generating training sets. We store this correlation in a neural net and use this information in conjunction with the"br" targeted performance indicator (RMS of linear acceleration, RMS of roll or pitch angle, fuel consumption) to create"br" historical directed performance charts for the vessel in consideration. We use this information for rational route"br" planning and optimization. We report on the conclusions of experiments.
Abstract
This paper presents a design of a system for monitoring and recording the influence of a running sea on a vessel"br" in motion. Our approach is based on machine learning techniques [...]
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Design and management of a LNG distribution network for sea traffic in the Mediterranean Area
A. Febbraro, D. Giglio, C. Ridella

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 588

Abstract
In order to reduce the dependence on oil and mitigating the environmental impact in the transport sector, European Union establishes minimum requirements for the construction of infrastructures for alternative fuels, which include, among others, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). By 31 December 2025, ports should be equipped with a suitable number of LNG supply points, in order to allow the navigation of LNG-powered ships in both inland waterways and sea. In this scenario, the problems of designing and managing the infrastructure for LNG distribution, consisting of coastal and inland supply points, are of primary importance. In the paper, the problem of designing an infrastructure for LNG distribution in the Mediterranean Area is taken into consideration, and the specific problem of assigning and managing such local resources as bunker-ships, tank trucks and trains (that can be moved to/from and between the supply points to increase the capacity to satisfy the LNG demand), is dealt with and formalized as a mathematical programming problem.
Abstract
In order to reduce the dependence on oil and mitigating the environmental impact in the transport sector, European Union establishes minimum requirements for the construction [...]
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Impact of innovative technologies on highway operators: Tolling Organizations' perspective
M. Azmat, S. Kummer, L. Moura, F. Gennaro, R. Moser

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 587

Abstract
Highways play a vivacious role in a country’s economic growth, by facilitating movement of both goods and"br" people from one place to another. Over a short period of time, innovation in automobile and information"br" technology has seen an unprecedented growth and this exploratory research highlights the impact of advent of"br" innovative technologies like Autonomous and Connected Vehicles, Internet of Things applications and Big Data"br" analytics on highway operators, as reflected in the opinions of organizations around the world (highway operators,"br" toll agencies, suppliers, consultants and associations). The opinions were collected on a Likert scale type online"br" survey, which was later tested for its empirical significance with non-parametric Binomial and Wilcoxon signed"br" rank tests, supported by descriptive analysis. The research results clearly indicate that these technologies and"br" products are not far from realization and while on one hand they would facilitate highway operations on the other"br" hand they may pose some serious challenges for operators.
Abstract
Highways play a vivacious role in a country’s economic growth, by facilitating movement of both goods and"br" people from one place to another. Over a short period of time, [...]
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Framing policy on low emissions vehicles in terms of economic gains : might the most straightforward gain be delivered by supply chain activity to support refuelling?
M. Smith, P. Dodds, O. Alabi, J. Irvine, K. Turner

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 586

Abstract
The work reported here is a result of the EPSRC Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Hub research programme (Grant ref. EP/J016454/1). A core theme of the UK Government's new Industrial Strategy is exploiting opportunities for domestic supply chain development. This extends to a special ‘Automotive Sector Deal’ that focuses on the shift to low emissions vehicles (LEVs). Here attention is on electric vehicle and battery production and innovation. In this paper, we argue that a more straightforward gain in terms of framing policy around potential economic benefits may be made through supply chain activity to support refuelling of battery/hydrogen vehicles. We set this in the context of LEV refuelling supply chains potentially replicating the strength of domestic upstream linkages observed in the UK electricity and/or gas industries. We use input-output multiplier analysis to deconstruct and assess the structure of these supply chains relative to that of more import-intensive petrol and diesel supply. A crucial multiplier result is that for every £1million of spending on electricity (or gas), 8 full-time equivalent jobs are supported throughout the UK. This compares to less than 3 in the case of petrol/diesel supply. Moreover, the importance of service industries becomes apparent, with 67% of indirect and induced supply chain employment to support electricity generation being located in services industries. The comparable figure for GDP is 42%. Publisher PDF Peer reviewed Document type: Article
Abstract
The work reported here is a result of the EPSRC Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Hub research programme (Grant ref. EP/J016454/1). A core theme of the UK Government's new Industrial [...]
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A Social Equity Analysis of Swedish and Scottish National Transport Policy
T. Rye, A. Wretstrand

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 585

Abstract
The topic of social equity in transport planning has been dealt with in particular by authors such as Martens (2012) and Martens and Golob (2012) using a social justice based approach. However, such an approach, whilst valuable and analytically rigorous (based as it is on accessibility modelling), does not consider a wide range of possible other social impacts of transport, as set out in a framework first put forward by Geurs et al (2009). This paper uses Geurs’ analytical framework to consider two empirical case studies: the National Transport Strategy for Scotland, adopted in January 2016, together with associated national level spending plans; and Sweden’s 2014-2025 National Transport Plan. The paper will first summarise the contents of each document before analysing them in relation to the categories of social impact that Geurs (2009) identify, and assessing how in relation to each category of impact various social groups will benefit or disbenefit. This analysis will then indicate the degree to which the two national plans/strategies are working towards, or away from, social equity in their distributional impacts.
Abstract
The topic of social equity in transport planning has been dealt with in particular by authors such as Martens (2012) and Martens and Golob (2012) using a social justice based [...]
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Costs related to serious road injuries
A. Schoeters, W. Wijnen, L. Carnis, W. Weijermars, R. Elvik, H. Johannsen, W. Berghe, S. Reed, S. Daniels

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 584

Abstract
Costs related to serious injuries constitute an important input variable to assess the cost-efficiency of road safety measures, which is one of the objectives of the H2020 EU project SafetyCube. A survey collecting crash costs in European countries showed considerable variation in the costs related to serious injuries. The applied methodology to estimate human costs appeared to have a large influence. Other potential explanations are the applied definition, the registration procedure of crashes with serious injuries and the cost components that are included. Detailed analyses of medical costs and production loss showed the importance of assessing medical costs on the long term and taking into account the variation of these costs for different subgroups of traffic victims. To estimate monetary values for human costs, most countries use the Willingness To Pay method. While having a sound theoretical background, this method is rather limited in the specification of injuries. The use of Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) gives the possibility to provide values for a larger diversity of injury types.
Abstract
Costs related to serious injuries constitute an important input variable to assess the cost-efficiency of road safety measures, which is one of the objectives of the H2020 [...]
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Defect Based Risk Assessment Model for Prioritizing Inspection of Sewer Pipelines
M. Elmasry, A. Hawari, T. Zayed

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 583

Abstract
In presence of financial constraints and dire need for inspecting deteriorated sewer pipelines, inspection prioritization tools are required. This paper presents a defect based risk assessment model for prioritizing inspection of sewer pipelines. Different defects that could be present in sewer pipelines are used to build a deterioration model that employs dynamic Bayesian belief network from which the probability of a pipeline to be in a certain condition state with respect to age can be determined. The consequence of failure for sewer pipelines are studied from a cost benefit analysis point of view, where the costs resulting from sewer pipelines failure are studied, and the benefits from avoiding such failures are analyzed. Sugeno-fuzzy inference system is used to integrate both the probability and consequence of failure. It is expected that the resulting risk map would help key personnel in municipalities to identify sewer pipelines that require immediate interventions and would assist in better planning for inspection programs especially in cases of limited funds. - 2018 American Society of Civil Engineers. Utility Engineering and Surveying Institute (UESI) of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Scopu
Abstract
In presence of financial constraints and dire need for inspecting deteriorated sewer pipelines, inspection prioritization tools are required. This paper presents a defect [...]
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New ways for roadway design – Using driving simulation to restructure the Finkenwerder Ring in the Port of Hamburg aiming at enhanced traffic safety and reliability
D. Muehlbacher, S. Engelhardt, Y. Forster, J. Rademacher

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 582

Abstract
The „Finkenwerder Ring“ is an important traffic junction in the Port of Hamburg – however, a lot of accidents per year impair traffic safety and reliability. The current traffic management, the signage, and the high number of lanes might be causal for the many crashes. Therefore, a requirements analysis was conducted to investigate the current traffic situation of the Finkenwerder Ring. Based on these results possible countermeasures were identified and subsequently implemented in a reproduction of the Finkenwerder Ring in a driving simulation. Four variations of the Finkenwerder Ring were realized which differ in signage and roadway geometry and were evaluated in a driving simulator study with N=30 participants. Even a small implementation like a modification of signage is able to have positive effects on drivers’ evaluations. However, a quite expensive and complex solution (the separation of traffic streams via an additional traffic light) shows the largest effect. These results show the benefit of driving simulation as a tool for roadway design.
Abstract
The „Finkenwerder Ring“ is an important traffic junction in the Port of Hamburg – however, a lot of accidents per year impair traffic safety and reliability. The current [...]
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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SYMMETRIC KEY CIPHERS IN LINEAR AND GRID BASED SENSOR NETWORKS
D. Jinwala, K. Shah

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 581

Abstract
The linear and grid based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are formed by applications where objects being monitored are either placed in linear or grid based form. E.g. monitoring oil, water or gas pipelines; perimeter surveillance; monitoring traffic level of city streets, goods warehouse monitoring. The security of data is a critical issue for all such applications and as the devices used for the monitoring purpose have several resource constraints (bandwidth, storage capacity, battery life); it is significant to have a lightweight security solution. Therefore, we consider symmetric key based solutions proposed in the literature as asymmetric based solutions require more computation, energy and storage of keys. We analyse the symmetric ciphers with respect to the performance parameters: RAM, ROM consumption and number of CPU cycles. We perform this simulation analysis in Contiki Cooja by considering an example scenario on two different motes namely: Sky and Z1. The aim of this analysis is to come up with the best suited symmetric key based cipher for the linear and grid based WSN. Comment: Cryptography and Information Security (CRIS-2018)
Abstract
The linear and grid based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are formed by applications where objects being monitored are either placed in linear or grid based form. E.g. monitoring [...]
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Advances and applications in low-power phased array X-band weather radars
E. Luke, S. Frasier, A. Sneddon, P. Kollias, D. McLaughlin, M. Oue

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 579

Abstract
Low-cost, low-power X-band phased array radar (LPAR) is an enabling technology for future deployment of distributed short-range radar networks. Such networks offer the potential for superior and lower altitude surveillance of atmospheric and airborne events compared with today's larger, long range national radar networks. Two dimensionally steered (phase-phase steering, without motors or other moving parts) phased array radars are complex systems comprising multiple subsystems including several thousand transmit/receive (T/R) channels, beam steering computers, thermal management. Owing to this complexity and the associated cost, phased array technology has not historically been used in weather and air traffic control radars. Competition for the frequency spectrum traditionally reserved for long-range radars is motivating the search for new approaches to national air surveillance; this has motivated R&D investment in two-dimensional X-band LPAR over the past decade, to the point where prototype systems are now emerging in several application settings including, for the first time, the university research setting. Two-dimensional high-speed (inertia-less) beam steering combined with dual polarization, programmable/adaptive waveforms, and the ability to combine multiple radars into networks is leading to new atmospheric science research opportunities related to hazardous storm forecasting and response, understanding cloud physics, water resource management, monitoring the movement and dispersal of hazardous plumes, and other areas.
Abstract
Low-cost, low-power X-band phased array radar (LPAR) is an enabling technology for future deployment of distributed short-range radar networks. Such networks offer the potential [...]
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Turnaround succeeded! Analysis of impacts of sustainable transport policies in Vienna and four other European capital cities
R. Gerike, C. Halpern, R. KLEMENTSCHITZ, O. Roider, R. Wittwer

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 577

Abstract
Some of the economic advanced European cities appear to have decoupled the correlation between economic growth a car ownership and car use. The research project CREATE funded by the European Commission is aimed at identifying the reasons and framework conditions for this turnaround by analyzing historic data of five European capital cities (Vienna, London, Paris, Copenhagen, Berlin). Each of these cities implemented different strategies to achieve a more sustainable transport network influencing the mobility behavior, in particular, car use. The City of Vienna, for example, changed their transport policies from a more car-oriented transport masterplans in the past to a push-and-pull strategy by improving the public transport supply, mainly based on the extension of the underground network, and at the same time implementing pedestrian areas and parking restrictions in the city, which are still enlarged continuously. The mode share of car use (driver and passenger) decreases from 40 % early in the 1990’ies to 27 % in 2014. However, the ambiguous goal of the current city development plan is to reach a share of car use of 20 % in 2025. However, despite these core elements of transport policies a lot of supporting transport measures and other framework conditions need to be considered. This paper presents the analysis of cause and effects in the City of Vienna and a cross-comparison among all five European cities analyzed in the CREATE project.
Abstract
Some of the economic advanced European cities appear to have decoupled the correlation between economic growth a car ownership and car use. The research project CREATE funded [...]
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Diffractors: a fascinating alternative to noise screens?
L. Goubert

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 576

Abstract
recent invention by the University of Twente in the Netherlands – diffractors – might be an interesting alternative for noise screens for shielding certain areas from traffic noise. Diffractors basically consist of a series of slits in the ground or mounted on a low shield which are parallel to the road. The sound waves passing over the slits cause standing sound waves in them with a maximum amplitude on the edge, where they interact with the sound wave passing over, causing the sound energy to bend upwards. As each slit resonates at a particular frequency, a series of slits is foreseen with varying depths, each resonating at a different frequency, in order to deal with the broad band traffic noise. Numerical simulations by the inventors and measurements ordered by them look very promising and suggest that a device of about 0,5 m high and 1 m wide would have the same effect as a 4 m high noise screen. An independent team has been formed by the Belgian Road Research Centre and the Flemish Agency for Traffic and Roads which has done “Controlled Pass By” measurements with a car and a lorry at a prototype installation (diffractors on a low screen) along a secondary road in Losser near Enschede in the East of the Netherlands. One measured at different distances from the road. This contribution summarizes the findings of these measurements and gives an answer if diffractors are a valid alternative for noise screens or not.
Abstract
recent invention by the University of Twente in the Netherlands – diffractors – might be an interesting alternative for noise screens for shielding certain areas from [...]
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Evaluation of Energy Cost Index for an Electric Vehicle Motor Over a Particular Drive Cycle with Recycled Magnet Concept
Z. Li, A. Garcia, J. Mipo, A. Kedous-Lebouc, P. Rasmussen, A. Jha, P. Upadhayay

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 575

Abstract
International audience; Nowadays, in automotive applications, theelectric vehicle motors generally utilize permanent magnetmotors due to their various advantages like high torque density,high efficiency, compactness and ease of control. In this paperemphasis is given to the evaluation of energy cost index for anEV motor over a particular drive cycle during motorsoperational lifetime. Performance evaluation over the entiredrive cycle, instead of at rated conditions, provides a better ideaof the efficiency and energy consumption of an electric motor.Therefore, energy cost evaluation for the urban part of NewEuropean Driving Cycle i.e. ECE-15 is selected in this study andthe energy cost index is evaluated for an EV motor for virginand recycled magnets utilized in the machine. The comparisonshows that utilizing recycled magnets can provide economicaladvantage over using virgin magnets albeit under certainassumptions. Document type: Conference object
Abstract
International audience; Nowadays, in automotive applications, theelectric vehicle motors generally utilize permanent magnetmotors due to their various advantages like high [...]
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Towards an integrated European platform for monitoring and analysing transport research and innovation (TRIMIS)
A. Tsakalidis, K. Gkoumas, F. Pekar, M. Grosso, G. Haq, L. Marelli

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 574

Abstract
The European Commission has outlined future transport research and innovation (R&I) priorities to decarbonise the European transport sector in its Strategic Transport Research and Innovation Agenda (STRIA) that includes seven roadmaps in seven priority areas that cut across transport modes. In order to support the implementation of STRIA, a Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS) has been developed. This paper reviews the features and added value of TRIMIS as an integrated analytical support tool and platform that monitors transport R&I and provides feedback to policy and decision makers. TRIMIS is an open-access information and knowledge management system, and includes a database of transport projects and programmes, as well as an inventory of transport technologies and innovations. It goes beyond previously available tools by providing a holistic assessment of emerging technologies and R&I capacities in the transport sector in all seven priority areas, and by developing analytical tools on the European transport sector.
Abstract
The European Commission has outlined future transport research and innovation (R&I) priorities to decarbonise the European transport sector in its Strategic Transport Research [...]
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Senskin deformable silicone-elastomer sensors for structural health monitoring: assessment of strain sensitivity and correction for thermal expansion
F. He, J. Wang, D. Rychkov, M. Schulze, W. Wirges, R. Gerhard

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 573

Abstract
Within the framework of SENSKIN EU project (grant No. 635844), we have developed a soft capacitive sensor using silicone dielectric elastomer for Structural health monitoring (SHM). This sensor has a thin layer of stretchable silicone dielectric film and soft silicone electrodes as the active layer, which transduces strain signal into the easy-monitored capacitance change. The sensor output is measured as a ration of the sensor’s capacitance to the known value of the reference capacitor. The capacitive output of the sensor showed a linear response upon stretching in the strain range of 4.5 % to 5.5% with a pre-strain of 5.0 %. The sensor output increased by 0.01 when the strain was increased by 1.0 %. The sensor was exposed to a temperature change from -35 oC to 55 oC (the supposed working temperature range) with a ramping of 0.2 oC/min and, as a result, it showed a linear temperature dependence behavior with a slope of -0.001 sensor output per oC. Therefore, with the help of the embedded Platinum-1000 temperature sensor, the thermal expansion effect on the capacitive output can be excluded from the actual strain-induced capacitance change. These results provide practical reference to the application of the silicon-elastomer sensor for the SHM systems.
Abstract
Within the framework of SENSKIN EU project (grant No. 635844), we have developed a soft capacitive sensor using silicone dielectric elastomer for Structural health monitoring [...]
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Travel Demand Estimation for Cable Car Transport in the Urban Areas Shown for the Moderate-sized City of Graz, Austria
K. Hofer, M. Haberl, M. Fellendorf, G. Huber, K. Fallast

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 572

Abstract
This paper aims to determine the potential demand for a cable car as an integrated part of public transport (PuT) as shown by the example of the City of Graz. Graz is a moderate-sized city with high population growth. PuT-systems (trams and buses) in the city area are already reaching capacity limits but the transport infrastructure, especially in the city centre, can hardly be extended. Although the transport capacity of cable car systems cannot compete with an underground system, it could represent a cost efficient and effective alternative for dealing with the PuT capacity restrictions in the historic city centre. The results of coordinated mobility surveys present the reactions of potential user groups concerning an additional hypothetical transport system, respectively a cable car. The results extend the data base for the demand modelling of the mobility behaviour within a multimodal transport model. A nested logit approach was used to integrate the cable car into the demand model. The modelled passenger trips confirm a satisfactory demand potential for a cable car within the multimodal transport system of Graz.
Abstract
This paper aims to determine the potential demand for a cable car as an integrated part of public transport (PuT) as shown by the example of the City of Graz. Graz is a moderate-sized [...]
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Modelling and Controller Design for Self-adjusting Railway Track Switch System
S. Dutta, T. Harrison, M. Sarmiento-Carnevali, C. Ward, R. Dixon

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 571

Abstract
Rail vehicles are directed along different routes through track switch systems. These switches are subjected to"br" high loads and vibrations which may introduce misalignment in the switch layout. The objective of the current"br" project is to develop a simulation model of a ‘self-adjusting’ switch. The switch should be able to detect the"br" existence of any misalignment (within a predefined range) between the stock rails and switch rails and will be"br" able to re-align itself. The first phase of the project is to model a working track switch system, High Performance"br" Switch System (HPSS), which is in operation in the UK. The multi-body simulation software Simpack is used to"br" model the switch panel and Simulink is used for modelling the actuator mechanism of HPSS. A co-simulation"br" environment is created in Simulink to construct the complete model of the switch system. The model has been"br" validated with the data available from the working switches. The second phase of the project will be to create"br" misalignment in the switch layout and develop a control strategy which will be able to adjust the misalignment.
Abstract
Rail vehicles are directed along different routes through track switch systems. These switches are subjected to"br" high loads and vibrations which may introduce misalignment [...]
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New certification system for enhanced fire safety of vehicles
O. Willstrand, P. Karlsson, M. Rosengren, J. Brandt

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 568

Abstract
RISE has initiated and developed a certification scheme for the vehicle industry that will enable manufacturers, operators and service centres (workshops) to certify their fire risk mitigation process. The fire risk management required in the certification is a key safety element, used to identify and evaluate fire hazards. For best results, it is important that manufacturers, operators and service centres are equally dedicated to solve the fire problem. Vehicle fire investigations reveal that design, production, operation and maintenance can all be responsible, however, most important is to ensure that information and experiences from fire incidents and identified fire hazards are linked to relevant personnel, practices, manuals, and quality procedures. The certification cannot guarantee the elimination of vehicle fires, but can ensure that manufacturers, operators and service centres will operate at the front line of vehicle fire safety engineering.
Abstract
RISE has initiated and developed a certification scheme for the vehicle industry that will enable manufacturers, operators and service centres (workshops) to certify their [...]
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Contact Pressure Measurement of a Small-Scale Wheel Tracking Device for Different Surface Types
D. Casey, J. Grenfell, G. Airey, P. Millar, D. Woodward

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 567

Abstract
In pavement engineering design, the pressure under a tyre is assumed to be a circular vertical contact pressure for analytical design methods. The true contact pressure and area is very difficult to predict due to the complexity of the system. A normal test that is undertaken to understand an asphalt’s performance for near surface rutting is the small-scale wheel tracker. The contact pressure and area of the tyre for different loads and surface types is not known. This is an area that needs to be addressed to better understand the contact pressures in this crucial test for asphalt rutting. Different pavement surface material slabs were made all with different surface textures for testing in the small-scale wheel tracker. A device was chosen to measure contact pressure between the tyre and these different surfaces. The device deforms around the surface aggregates and gives a very good understanding of the forces between the tyre and the pavement surface. It was shown that there is a great deal of variability between the different surface types. It is recommended that pavement loading for design should have a factor based on the contact pressure characteristics of a pavement surface.
Abstract
In pavement engineering design, the pressure under a tyre is assumed to be a circular vertical contact pressure for analytical design methods. The true contact pressure and [...]
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A METHODOLOGY TO SUPPORT DECISIONS TOWARDS ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN PUBLIC CONTEXTS: APPLICATION TO HAND-DRYING OPTIONS
N. Ferronato, M. Schiavon, G. Coller, E. Rada, M. Ragazzi, V. Torretta

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 565
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The European Roadmap 2025 for Mobility as a Service
J. Eckhardt, A. Aapaoja, L. Nykänen, J. Sochor, M. Karlsson, D. König

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 564

Abstract
This paper is based on a Mobility as a Service (MaaS) project, Mobility as a Service for Linking Europe"br" (MAASiFiE), conducted for the Conference of European Directors of Roads (CEDR). MaaS is an emerging"br" concept aiming to offer user-oriented, multimodal transport services on a one-stop-shop principle utilizing"br" digitalization and mobile applications. This paper presents the main result of the project: the European MaaS"br" Roadmap 2025 defining short- (1-3 years) and medium-term (4-9 years) actions and transitions needed to reach"br" the vision formed in the project. The Roadmap is divided into four functional perspectives: drivers, markets, MaaS"br" services and enablers. Furthermore, each perspective presents the results using the following classification:"br" Academy and R&D, Business, Infrastructure & built environment, Policy & regulation, Technology & data, and"br" Social & culture. This paper concentrates on Policy & regulation aspects, as well as on the role of National Road"br" Administrations (NRAs) in MaaS development.
Abstract
This paper is based on a Mobility as a Service (MaaS) project, Mobility as a Service for Linking Europe"br" (MAASiFiE), conducted for the Conference of European Directors [...]
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Simulation platform of electric road systems – a Swedish case study
C. Sundström, H. Sundelin

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 563

Abstract
Electric Road System (ERS) is a key technology to achieve the electrification in the long haulage application due"br" to battery limitations. Before deciding on large scale investments in ERS, it is important to analyse what road"br" segments that benefit the most of such a system. A model of a hybrid powertrain configured as a long haulage"br" truck is developed with the possibility for dynamic charging. Simulations are performed to analyse a region in"br" Sweden where an ERS demonstration is built, to investigate how different ERS configurations affect the energy"br" consumption of the vehicle. It is found that the fuel consumption is decreased by 66% when the full road is"br" electrified, and the travel time decreased by 7%, compared to a conventional vehicle. Simulations also indicate"br" that it is beneficial to only electrify parts of the road and using the battery in the vehicle as energy buffer."br" Furthermore, different data sources for road elevation and vehicle speed data have been evaluated. It is shown that"br" Google data and speed limit data can be useful for initial studies, but measured vehicle speed data and laser scanned"br" data increase the accuracy in the simulations.
Abstract
Electric Road System (ERS) is a key technology to achieve the electrification in the long haulage application due"br" to battery limitations. Before deciding on large scale [...]
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Challenges and opportunities of open science in transport research
M. Boile, A. Anagnostopoulou

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 562

Abstract
The current technological advances and the rapid development of new collaborative tools have endorsed an on- going transformation of transport research enabling research information sharing. This systematic change of transport research covers a wide range of aspects, from evaluation of research, open access to research results, and relevant data infrastructures, all aiming at making science more efficient, better reproducible and more responsive to societal and economic expectations. In an attempt to address the above, this paper presents an action list of the different main aspects of Open Science in transport research of the European area exploiting previous initiatives and mapping among research areas with longer experience and more “mature” research fields. The novelty of the proposed action list is to contribute in implementing Open Science approaches in transport research enabling stakeholders to share and use all available knowledge at an earlier stage in the research process. The focus is given on the identification of guidelines that transport research stakeholders have to use to integrate open science in their current operations. This opening up of science and research is expected to lead to a European community of transport research stakeholders willing to work together and speed up the path from research to innovation and promote citizen’s engagement in the scientific process.
Abstract
The current technological advances and the rapid development of new collaborative tools have endorsed an on- going transformation of transport research enabling research information [...]
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Iterative Learning of Speech Recognition Models for Air Traffic Control
M. Kleinert, H. Helmke, M. Singh, A. Srinivasamurthy, P. Motlicek, Y. Oualil, H. Ehr

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 561

Abstract
utomatic Speech Recognition (ASR) has recently proved to be a useful tool to reduce the workload of air traffic controllers leading to significant gains in operational efficiency. Air Traffic Control (ATC) systems in operation rooms around the world generate large amounts of untranscribed speech and radar data each day, which can be utilized to build and improve ASR models. In this paper, we propose an iterative approach that utilizes increasing amounts of untranscribed data to incrementally build the necessary ASR models for an ATC operational area. Our approach uses a semi-supervised learning framework to combine speech and radar data to iteratively update the acoustic model, language model and command prediction model (i.e. prediction of possible commands from radar data for a given air traffic situation) of an ASR system. Starting with seed models built with a limited amount of manually transcribed data, we simulate an operational scenario to adapt and improve the models through semi-supervised learning. Experiments on two independent ATC areas (Vienna and Prague) demonstrate the utility of our proposed methodology that can scale to operational environments with minimal manual effort for learning and adaptation.
Abstract
utomatic Speech Recognition (ASR) has recently proved to be a useful tool to reduce the workload of air traffic controllers leading to significant gains in operational efficiency. [...]
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Mobility as a service' in practice and urban development - Jointly contributing to low-car, and low-carbon and affordable housing: the Bremen Hulsberg case (H2020 project SUNRISE)
M. Glotz-Richter

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 560

Abstract
Providing innovative mobility services within urban housing developments bears the opportunity to reduce"br" dependence on a car for the residents – and to low-carbon, low car and low-cost housing. The Bremen Hulsberg"br" development for about 2.500 new residents represents an inner city development – going for mobility"br" management instead of conventional provision of car-parking. Only 4 car-parking spaces are planned per 10"br" apartments but cycle parking and mobility management will be integrated. At the same time, the surrounding"br" neighbourhood with its narrow streets and high parking pressure is subject of a co-creation based mobility"br" management plan – exploiting the potential to reclaim street space for sustainable modes, social and ecological"br" functions."br" A recent survey of 13,000 users of the two Bremen car sharing systems unveiled their preference: easy"br" procedures, reliability and nearness of stations. The Bremen strategy of a dispersed network of small car sharing"br" stations in the inner city neighbourhoods is confirmed by a high satisfaction level. “Trendy” cars are low on the"br" demand list of the users. The survey also shows that the Bremen car sharing users do more grocery shopping in"br" the neighbourhood than the reference group, confirming the thesis that car sharing supports the local economy.
Abstract
Providing innovative mobility services within urban housing developments bears the opportunity to reduce"br" dependence on a car for the residents – and to low-carbon, low [...]
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Car-to-Cloud Communication Traffic Analysis Based on the Common Vehicle Information Model
C. Wietfeld, C. Ide, J. Schmutzler, J. Pillmann, B. Sliwa

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 559

Abstract
hough connectivity services have been introduced already today in many of the most recent car models, the potential of vehicles serving as highly mobile sensor platform in the Internet of Things (IoT) has not been sufficiently exploited yet. The European AutoMat project has therefore defined an open Common Vehicle Information Model (CVIM) in combination with a cross-industry, cloud-based big data marketplace. Thereby, vehicle sensor data can be leveraged for the design of entirely new services even beyond traffic-related applications (such as localized weather forecasts). This paper focuses on the prediction of the achievable data rate making use of an analytical model based on empirical measurements. For an in-depth analysis, the CVIM has been integrated in a vehicle traffic simulator to produce CVIM-compliant data streams as a result of the individual behavior of each vehicle (speed, brake activity, steering activity, etc.). In a next step, a simulation of vehicle traffic in a realistically modeled, large-area street network has been used in combination with a cellular Long Term Evolution (LTE) network to determine the cumulated amount of data produced within each network cell. As a result, a new car-to-cloud communication traffic model has been derived, which quantifies the data rate of aggregated car-to-cloud data producible by vehicles depending on the current traffic situations (free flow and traffic jam). The results provide a reference for network planning and resource scheduling for car-to-cloud type services in the context of smart cities.
Abstract
hough connectivity services have been introduced already today in many of the most recent car models, the potential of vehicles serving as highly mobile sensor platform in [...]
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Challenges and error propagation of PM sensor-based DPF diagnostics
D. Kontses, S. Geivanidis, Z. Samaras

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 558

Abstract
Monitoring the filtration efficiency of Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF), is a legislative requirement for minimizing PM emissions from diesel engines of passenger cars and heavy-duty vehicles. To reach this target On Board Diagnostics (OBD) implementation in real-time operation is necessary. These systems in passenger cars are often utilizing a PM sensor, models for PM emissions simulation and algorithms for diagnosis. Their performance is associated with a series of challenges related with the accuracy and effectiveness of involved models, algorithms and hardware. This paper analyzes the main influencing factors and their impact on the effectiveness of the OBD system. Error propagation analysis is being performed to quantify the error of detection. The comparison results in conclusions on the performance of the sensor based OBD model and its ability to fulfil legislative requirements.
Abstract
Monitoring the filtration efficiency of Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF), is a legislative requirement for minimizing PM emissions from diesel engines of passenger cars and [...]
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Multimodal Information Screen – Towards an Awareness Raising for the Use of Public Transport
L. Rohatsch, M. Ballner, H. Wahl

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 557

Abstract
The intention of our Multimodal Information Screen is to promote public transport and to visualize healthy alternatives to motorized individual transport. This paper describes the development of a new traffic information screen which is designed to make public transport more accessible by displaying real-time traffic data on frequently viewed screens. The first prototype of our application was developed for the University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien. After further developments, it has become highly customizable and can be provided for any location within Vienna. Apart from the available public transport connections in the immediate vicinity and their departures in minutes, the display includes a map of the surroundings, the amount of free city bikes of the next stations, as well as current weather information. Our smart mobility application uses real-time data and a variety of Open Data provided by the City of Vienna and aims to raise awareness of alternative modes of transport.
Abstract
The intention of our Multimodal Information Screen is to promote public transport and to visualize healthy alternatives to motorized individual transport. This paper describes [...]
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Fast Charging Station with Battery Storage System for EV: Grid Services and Battery Degradation
L. Richard, M. Petit

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 556

Abstract
International audience; Electric Vehicles (EVs) will be in a near future a non-negligible part of the world's car fleet. Nevertheless, a dense network of Fast Charging Stations (FCS) on highways is needed to enable EVs to be competitive with Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles for long distances. FCS require high power from the grid to charge EVs in less than 30 minutes. Such high power will generate negative impacts on the power grid and will necessitate high investment costs for grid connection. A Battery Electric Storage System (BESS) inside the FCS could alleviate those negative impacts. The presence of a BESS then permits to offer grid services and to increase the profits of the FCS operator. However, the deployment of grid services with BESS is often faced to concerns on additional battery degradation. In this paper, we propose a FCS model including grid services and a study of battery degradation under different circumstances, and an economic comparison is done with the net present value.
Abstract
International audience; Electric Vehicles (EVs) will be in a near future a non-negligible part of the world's car fleet. Nevertheless, a dense network of Fast Charging Stations [...]
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Analysis of Artificial Intelligence-Based Metaheuristic Algorithm for MPLS Network Optimization
M. Masood, M. Fouad

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 555

Abstract
Multiprotocol label switched (MPLS) networks were introduced to enhance the network’s service provisioning and optimize its performance using multiple protocols along with label switched based networking technique. With the addition of traffic engineering entity in MPLS domain, there is a massive increase in the networks resource management capability with better quality of services (QoS) provisioning for end users. Routing protocols play an important role in MPLS networks for network traffic management, which uses exact and approximate algorithms. There are number of artificial intelligence-based optimization algorithms which can be used for the optimization of traffic engineering in MPLS networks. The paper presents an optimization model for MPLS networks and proposed dolphin-echolocation algorithm (DEA) for optimal path computation. For Network with different nodes, both algorithms performance has been investigated to study their convergence towards the production of optimal solutions. Furthermore, the DEA algorithm will be compared with the bat algorithm to examine their performance in MPLS network optimization. Various parameters such as mean, minimum /optimal fitness function values and standard deviation.
Abstract
Multiprotocol label switched (MPLS) networks were introduced to enhance the network’s service provisioning and optimize its performance using multiple protocols along with [...]
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WAVE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD AND MOVING LOADS FOR THE DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF RAILWAY TRACKS
T. Hoang, D. Duhamel, G. Forêt, . Jean-Luc, . Pochet, F. Sabatier

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 554

Abstract
International audience; Based on the finite element method, the wave finite element method (WFE) permits to analyze the dynamics of a periodic structure by using a wave decomposition of one period. This method reduces the number of DOF and it has advantages in calculation time. However, it cannot be applied easily to a railway track because this structure is subjected by moving loads which are not considered in a classical WFE. In this article, we present a technique to deal with moving loads applying in a railway track where the track components are modeled by 3D continuous media. By using the classical WFE for one track period in frequency domain, we can rewrite the vector of DOF and loads in a wave base. Then, we can calculate the wave amplitudes of the moving loads from their representation in this base. Thereafter, we apply the wave analyze of WFE to the hold structure. The result shows that the moving loads lead to a sum of wave amplitudes. Finally, we apply this method for a railway track subjected to constant moving loads with numerical application. The new technique permits to analyze the dynamic of railway tracks by considering only one track period.
Abstract
International audience; Based on the finite element method, the wave finite element method (WFE) permits to analyze the dynamics of a periodic structure by using a wave decomposition [...]
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- read