Documents published in 2018 : Scipedia

Hybrid Optimal Control for Time-Efficient Highway Traffic Management
R. Dai, A. Sharma, C. Liu, Y. Zu

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 247

Abstract
This article examines the hybrid traffic control problem to minimize total travel time (TTT) of a highway network through traffic management infrastructures, including dynamic speed limit signs, ramp metering, and information board. We first build the traffic flow model based on the Moskowitz function for each highway link to predict traffic status within a control horizon. The traffic density is predicted based on the flow dynamic model and corrected periodically by the measured traffic flow data. The minimum TTT traffic control problem is then formulated as a mixed-integer quadratic programming problem with quadratic constraints. Numerical simulation of a real world highway network is provided to demonstrate a significant reduction of TTT and alleviation of traffic congestion compared to results obtained from ALINEA and PI-ALINEA methods.
Abstract
This article examines the hybrid traffic control problem to minimize total travel time (TTT) of a highway network through traffic management infrastructures, including dynamic [...]
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Introducing public transport and relevant strategies in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia: a stakeholders’ perspective
O. Alotaibi, D. Potoglou

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 246

Abstract
There is an increasing concern about the growth of car dependence and its associated negative impacts on cities, including economic and environmental factors, urban form and lifestyle. City authorities worldwide now pay increasing attention to sustainable transport systems by enhancing or introducing public transit services. An example is Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia, which has witnessed a significant growth in car ownership and population. Current efforts to reduce high dependence on private cars in Riyadh involve the development of a new public transport system. Against this background, this paper considers the wider impacts of the new public transport system in Riyadh City on urban form, economics, environment, social norms and culture. The analysis is based on in-depth interviews conducted with transport experts and officials of relevant authorities in Riyadh City. The study results highlight that the city’s urban form would have the highest impact on the uptake of public transport. Moreover, stakeholders assumed that the provision of public transport services in Riyadh would improve mobility, decrease travel time, and create more employment opportunities, positively affecting Riyadh City’s economy and the environment. Interviewees concluded that these potential interventions would affect social norms and culture positively in the long term. Document type: Article
Abstract
There is an increasing concern about the growth of car dependence and its associated negative impacts on cities, including economic and environmental factors, urban form and [...]
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Modeling IP-to-IP Communication using the Weighted Stochastic Block Model
J. Zerwas, S. Schmid, L. Gleiter, P. Kalmbach, A. Blenk, W. Kellerer

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 245

Abstract
The vision of self-driving networks integrates network measurements with network control. Processing data for each of the tasks comprising network control separately might be prohibitive due to the large volume and waste of computational resources. In this work we make the case of using the Weighted Stochastic Block Model (WSBM), a probabilistic model, to learn a task independent representation. In particular, we consider a case study of real-world IP-to-IP communication. The learned representation provides higher level-features for traffic engineering, anomaly detection, or other tasks, and reduces their computational effort. We find that the WSBM is able to accurately model traffic and structure of communication in the considered trace.
Abstract
The vision of self-driving networks integrates network measurements with network control. Processing data for each of the tasks comprising network control separately might [...]
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Proposition of a formal model for crisis management in the context of high-speed train networks in border areas
H. KADRI, S. SCHLEINER, S. Collart-Dutilleul, P. Bon, S. Ben Ahmed, F. STEYER, A. GABRIEL, O. MUDIMU

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 244

Abstract
TRA 2018, 7th Transport Research Arena, Vienne, AUTRICHE, 16-/04/2018 - 19/04/2018; Especially in inter-country areas, Crisis Management (CM) faces several challenges. Thorough preparation and anticipation are crucial organizational tools to address those challenges and enable proper reaction to crises. CM requires the joint effort of various stakeholders from different countries: public authorities, private companies, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), etc. need to collaborate under specific, locally different regulations. The present paper includes a brief introduction to the state of the art of CM of international railways with special regard to the topics partnerships, leadership & communication as well as training. As part of a research project, a survey with international crisis management experts was conducted. Based on the survey results, a handbook containing transnational recommendations regarding the involved stakeholders and their responsibilities is developed. Of course, existing CM concepts of relevant organizations are taken into consideration for the development. The handbook was discussed with end-users in the course of a project workshop. In addition, when the crisis management is required, the response is coordinated within the framework of the National Crisis Management System (NCMS). The cooperation between these NCMSs leads to the concept of System-of-Systems (SoS). Based on Supervision Control Theory (SCT), we propose a formal model built from decomposition of NCMSs using a multi-model approach. The resulted framework offers a global view of the SoS and resolves problems of system's dependence and of operating mode management. The proposed model is designed by using the High Level Petri Nets (HLPNs) formalism and is illustrated with a crisis of a railway system. The main result of this paper is the comprehensive knowledge of current crisis management strategies in the context of cross-border incidents. Weaknesses in the existing system are identified and two approaches that seek to enhance CM are introduced.
Abstract
TRA 2018, 7th Transport Research Arena, Vienne, AUTRICHE, 16-/04/2018 - 19/04/2018; Especially in inter-country areas, Crisis Management (CM) faces several challenges. Thorough [...]
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Local emotions - using social media to understand human-environment interaction in cities
S. Sigg, S. Stephan, N. Strengell

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 242

Abstract
Cities have become the most common living environment for humans. With this rising urbanization, urban design has become vital for these growing cities. While measuring objective data like traffic congestion or air quality is important, it does not tell the whole story of how people live in the cities or how cities should be developed to make them more livable. In future for a true smart city a more humane component is needed to understand how the population of cities actually interact with and feel about their surroundings. Surveys are a great and a necessary tool for this and they are already being used in the design process. However, they require effort and and a lot of silent information can be missed. The surveying process also doesn't happen in real time. We suggest that social media data could be used to gather more information about human- environment interaction in cities and compliment the surveys. We show a working prototype of a tool that creates an emotional map of a city by mining social media data for sentiments and heatmapping them. This kind of method could prove to be an useful tool for urban designers, who could take advantage of the visual intuition of humans and see instantly where and how emotional hotspots arise. It could also be of interest for emotion researchers, who could get data on what it really means to be happy for a human being - for example eating an ice cream at the beach - instead of only linking conceptual words (such as happy) to external stimuli (such as smiling). Peer reviewed
Abstract
Cities have become the most common living environment for humans. With this rising urbanization, urban design has become vital for these growing cities. While measuring objective [...]
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A compact and efficient heat-pump system with a preconditioning concept for electric vehicles
A. Caldevilla, M. Özbek, V. Kohli, W. Hünemörder, T. Györög

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 241

Abstract
DENSO has developed an innovative concept which provides efficient thermal management including"br" preconditioning for electric vehicles. The thermal conditioning for the cabin and powertrain offers maximum"br" comfort to the user and increases the driving range of the vehicle. The efficient thermal management in the"br" vehicle is provided by a compact water-to-water heat pump system which can harvest heat from the ambient"br" environment even at sub-zero temperatures and excess heat dissipated from the powertrain components, i.e."br" inverter and the electric motor with possibilities to also include the battery. The system provides simultaneous"br" cold and warm water coolant, which with control logic is used to harvest or reject heat from the cabin and"br" powertrain, respectively. The overall system proves to be 30 percent more efficient compared to a PTC based"br" direct air heating.
Abstract
DENSO has developed an innovative concept which provides efficient thermal management including"br" preconditioning for electric vehicles. The thermal conditioning for the [...]
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European Competitiveness in Commercial Hybrid and Automotive Powertrains (ECOCHAMPS): Integration and Validation of Modular Standardised Framework Hybrid Components in a Heavy Duty Vehicle Driveline
B. Lipsch, J. Kessels, G. Arts

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 240

Abstract
The ECOCHAMPS project has addressed the topic GV-04-2014 Hybrid Light and Heavy Duty Vehicles of the Green Vehicles work programme under Horizon 2020. This project realized, in a single, coordinated action, all the aspects of this call through the activities of a twenty-six member consortium representing the European Automotive Industry. At the time of the TRA in Vienna, the ECOCHAMPS project will just have been completed after three years of activity."br" This paper will focus on the integrated components developed in the ECOCHAMPS project in a TRL 7 heavy duty vehicle as part of Work Package 7 lead by DAF, proving a significant CO2 reduction with a cost-effective driveline. For this purpose, an integral modular approach has been used to combine waste heat recovery and the hybrid system. The aim has been to achieve an increased combined fuel consumption reduction by utilizing synergy advantages. These advantages occur when the systems are connected through a common high voltage bus combined with an energy storage device, in this case a 400V DC bus and a hybrid battery. It is targeted to achieve a cost-effective powertrain efficiency improvement of 20% by using standardized, modular hybrid components.
Abstract
The ECOCHAMPS project has addressed the topic GV-04-2014 Hybrid Light and Heavy Duty Vehicles of the Green Vehicles work programme under Horizon 2020. This project realized, [...]
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Value of V2G Frequency Regulation in Great Britain Considering Real Driving Data
M. Marinelli, K. Murai, L. Calearo, A. Thingvad, P. Andersen, K. Suzuki, M. Neaimeh

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 128

Abstract
Electric Vehicles (EVs) can, when they are not used for driving, create value for the EV owner, by delivering ancillary services to the transmission system operator. Calculating potential earnings from grid services and charging strategies highly depends on the driving time, driving distance, and time spent at different locations. While few datasets describing EV usage exist, this work is based on one of the most extensive datasets gathered from 7,163 Nissan LEAFs. Using the real driving and charging data it was possible to calculate the value of a specific charging strategy for the individual EV. The EV dataset was used in a simulation based on British electricity transmission network operating codes and frequency measurement data. The outcome is the profit from frequency regulation for each EV in the data-set, which is found to range between 50 and 350 £/year, because of the large difference in the EV usage.
Abstract
Electric Vehicles (EVs) can, when they are not used for driving, create value for the EV owner, by delivering ancillary services to the transmission system operator. Calculating [...]
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Quantifying the impact of risk factors at railway level crossings using accident prediction models: A cross-country study
J. Ambros, J. Perůtka, D. Mikšová, A. Borsos, C. Stefan, R. Stütz

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 239

Abstract
Railway level crossings are critical elements in railway and road networks with accident occurrences resulting in"br" fatal and severe injuries. In addition to the human loss, level crossing accidents also negatively impact rail"br" transport reliability and transport speed. For safety management, specific risk factors should be identified and"br" their impact on overall safety quantified. To this end, multivariate regression equations, commonly known as"br" accident prediction models, have been used in the study. The paper describes the development of accident"br" prediction models in three Central European countries (Czech Republic, Hungary and Austria), using samples of"br" data on railway level crossings with flashing lights. The models were used to quantify the impact of several risk"br" factors. The cross-country study design enabled comparison of obtained experience and drawing conclusions for"br" further development of both road and railway network safety management.
Abstract
Railway level crossings are critical elements in railway and road networks with accident occurrences resulting in"br" fatal and severe injuries. In addition to the human loss, [...]
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Towards the development of real time services for an optimized multimodal mobility supported by cooperative networks and open data - Advances in TIMON project
H. Landaluce, . , L. Serrano, E. Onieva, A. Masegosa, E. Osaba, P. Lopez

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 238

Abstract
TIMON project (www.timon-project.eu) aims at providing Real-Time (RT) information and services through a cooperative open web-based platform and a mobile application to different transport users – drivers, Vulnerable Road Users (VRU), and businesses."br" Problems such as the traffic congestion and accidents cause cities to be the principal source of pollutant emissions. TIMON provides a solution by creating a cooperative ecosystem which connects people, vehicles, infrastructure and business, with the aim of improving safety, sustainability, flexibility and efficiency of the road transport."br" The system collects and stores RT data from infrastructure, cars, VRUs and open data; it processes the information using several innovative technologies, such as open data management, hybrid vehicle communications, artificial intelligence and cooperative positioning; and delivers RT services to drivers, VRUs and business particularly information on nearby accidents, traffic jams or air pollution, a multi-modal commuter and dynamic route planner.
Abstract
TIMON project (www.timon-project.eu) aims at providing Real-Time (RT) information and services through a cooperative open web-based platform and a mobile application to different [...]
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First steps of the FIBRESHIP project: Engineering, production and life cycle management for the complete construction of large length fibre-based ships.
R. Mullor, I. Díaz, A. Manzanares, J. Espinosa, X. Martínez

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 237

Abstract
The main objective of the FIBRESHIP project is to enable the building of the complete hull and superstructure of large-length seagoing and inland ships in FRP materials by overcoming few technical challenges. In order to achieve this objective, the project will develop, qualify and audit innovative FRP materials for marine applications, elaborate new design and production guidelines and procedures, generate efficient production and inspection methodologies, and develop new validated software analysis tools. Clear performance indicators will be designed and applied in the evaluation of the different solutions developed for three targeted vessels categories. Finally, the different technologies generated in FIBRESHIP will be first validated and then demonstrated by using advanced simulation techniques and experimental testing on real-scale structures."br" This paper is dealing with the presentation of the project scope and progress of the FIBRESHIP project over the first six months.
Abstract
The main objective of the FIBRESHIP project is to enable the building of the complete hull and superstructure of large-length seagoing and inland ships in FRP materials by [...]
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Scenarios and requirements for the operation of longer freight trains in Europe
C. Vaghi, M. Berg, J. Acevedo, V. Boeckenholt, A. Demadonna

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 235

Abstract
The increase of the length of freight trains in operation across EU corridors is a key objective to achieve to increase the capacity and strengthen the competitiveness of rail freight transport by decreasing the cost of rail haulage without affecting safety standards. Research projects such as MARATHON-FP7 aimed at developing technical solutions for the regular operation of 1,500 metres long freight trains."br" The definition of technical and homologation requirements, together with safety standards and protocols for radio-remote controlling is of paramount importance to ensure that longer freight trains are put in operation across rail networks in EU Member States and beyond."br" Shift2Rail project DYNAFREIGHT (whose activities are carried out in cooperation with the Shift2Rail project FF4LE) is now an ongoing project and full results will be available in late 2018. This paper shows the results achieved at the current intermediate stage on the definition of longer train requirements and tests. Functional and technical requirements of longer trains, including the radio controlled traction and braking are going to be defined with the aim to develop a radio system for long train operation ready for certification. This paper reports the results of the safety analysis performed with full-scale tests and first indications for functional requirements. Moreover, the paper reports the results of pneumatics and multibody dynamics simulations performed to provide guidelines on how to reduce the risk of derailment of long freight trains. The analyses will deal with different train configurations (vehicles and payloads), initial speed and brake applications, as well as different track layouts including gradients and horizontal curves."br" Finally, a thorough analysis of infrastructure requirements has to be developed to derive common technical specification and quality requirements for rail infrastructure to accommodate long freight train operations. The present paper reports the analysis made on the Spanish rail network leading to preliminary identification of lines where 1500m long trains could be tested, while identifying current infrastructure constraints that constitute barriers against a full implementation of longer train traffic.
Abstract
The increase of the length of freight trains in operation across EU corridors is a key objective to achieve to increase the capacity and strengthen the competitiveness of [...]
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BMVI Network of Experts "Knowledge – Ability – Action": An Intermodal Research Network for an Innovation Oriented and Resilient Transport System in Germany
A. Stube, A. Schacht, S. Hänsel, A. Gratzki, U. Feiler, R. Holst, F. Schöll, D. Majewski, B. Krieger, P. Heininger

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 234

Abstract
The German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) is taking an innovative course of action to face challenges for future transport. It pools the expertise and skills of seven departmental research facilities and executive agencies in an intermodal research network entitled “BMVI Network of Experts: Knowledge – Ability – Action”. The research network works on modal and intermodal solutions for complex challenges such as climate change, environmentally friendly development, changes to energy policy, digitalization and ageing infrastructure. The objective of transport policy is to put new, sustainable concepts into practice. These shall be based on technical and scientific innovations in order to create a long-lasting, permanently resilient infrastructure.
Abstract
The German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) is taking an innovative course of action to face challenges for future transport. It pools the expertise [...]
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Towards Environmentally Friendly High-Energy Cathodes for Sustainable Lithium-Ion Batteries
A. Kazzazi, A. Birrozzi, N. Laszczynski, G. Kim, D. Bresser, S. Passerini, F. Tedjar, I. Urdampilleta, I. Meatza

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 233

Abstract
The EU-funded collaborative MARS-EV Project (FP7, grant agreement 609201) has been targeting inter alia the"br" realization of aqueous electrode processing technologies for high-energy lithium-ion positive electrodes with a"br" particular focus on achieving the high recycling requirements established by the European Commission in its"br" Battery Directive 2006/66 EG, stipulating a minimum recycling rate of 50%. Indeed, the aqueous electrode"br" fabrication does not only allow for avoiding the use of environmentally hazardous, toxic, and expensive organic"br" solvents as well as the need for super-dry conditions up to the cell assembly, but moreover a facilitated recycling"br" process due to the water-soluble binding agents. Additionally, of great importance with regard to the latter is the"br" careful selection of the cathode chemistry – not least with respect to economic aspects."br" Herein, we summarize the results and progresses obtained within MARS-EV, highlighting their importance for"br" the realization of environmentally friendly lithium-ion batteries for a sustainably electrified transportation.
Abstract
The EU-funded collaborative MARS-EV Project (FP7, grant agreement 609201) has been targeting inter alia the"br" realization of aqueous electrode processing technologies for [...]
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An offshore energy simulation through flow networks: CEL within the MSP Challenge 2050 simulation game platform
K. Hutchinson, H. Warmelink, W. Boode, C. Santos, I. Mayer

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 232

Abstract
This paper presents the design of the offshore energy simulation CEL as a flow network, and its integration in the MSP Challenge 2050 simulation game platform. This platform is designed to aid learning about the key characteristics and complexity of marine or maritime spatial planning (MSP). The addition of CEL to this platform greatly AIDS MSP authorities in learning about and planning for offshore energy production, a highly topical and big development in human activities at sea. Rather than a standard flow network, CEL incorporates three additions to accommodate for the specificities of energy grids: an additional node for each team's expected energy, a split of each node representing an object into input and output parts to include the node's capacity, and bidirectional edges for all cables to enable more complex energy grid designs. Implemented with Dinic's algorithm it takes less than 30ms for the simulation to run for the average amount of grids included in an MSP Challenge 2050 game session. In this manner CEL enables MSP authorities and their energy stakeholders to use MSP Challenge 2050 for designing and testing more comprehensive offshore energy grids.
Abstract
This paper presents the design of the offshore energy simulation CEL as a flow network, and its integration in the MSP Challenge 2050 simulation game platform. This platform [...]
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Customers' demands for multimodal tariffs
C. Witte, C. Sommer

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 231

Abstract
Transport provider are facing the question of how to adjust their service as part of an integrated service. For the determination of potentials for different models of multimodal tariffs, a survey was carried out among occasional and regular users of public transport in the major city of Frankfurt am Main. 43 % of all adults in Frankfurt have a mobility suitable for multimodal tariffs: They are customers of public transport and require a car on an occasional basis. Only a quarter of the customers using public transport occasionally and one fifth of all regular customers are not interested in ticketing solutions including more than conventional means of public transport. Though, the preferences for content which is integrated in a multimodal tariff, are heterogeneous. Consequently, the content shouldn’t be predetermined but modularly built. This conclusion is supported by conjoint analyses: Tariff combinations with selectable contents provide higher benefits. From the customers’ point of view, price strategies including the use of transportation services at a discount are more valued than a limited use at no costs.
Abstract
Transport provider are facing the question of how to adjust their service as part of an integrated service. For the determination of potentials for different models of multimodal [...]
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Review of Unmanned Aircraft System Technologies to Enable Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) Operations
Y. Vagapov, A. Anuchin, L. Davies, R. Bolam

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 230

Abstract
The need to develop and deploy Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) aerial vehicles has intensified over the last decade. As the demand for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) has increased, so too has the regulations that surrounds the industry. Strict regulations are currently in place but differ from country to country. Due to these regulations BVLOS innovators have been posed the task of exploring the means of operating flight missions with the UAV out of the sight of the pilot. Autonomous flight capability is not only fundamental to BVLOS operations for UAS but also likely to have a significant impact on the future development of passenger carrying autonomous aircraft. This review explores the technologies that have been developed to date that enable BVLOS applications. BVLOS flight operations have the potential to open a huge area of commercial opportunity however, there remain many concerns about the current capabilities of UAS to detect and avoid manned and unmanned airborne hazards that may pose a significant safety risk.
Abstract
The need to develop and deploy Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) aerial vehicles has intensified over the last decade. As the demand for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) [...]
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Distributed opportunistic sensing and fusion for traffic congestion detection
S. Quintana-Amate, L. Kaplan, S. Chakraborty, M. Srivastava, M. Alzantot, A. Notile, A. Preece, D. Braines, R. Tomsett, D. Harborne

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 229

Abstract
Our particular research in the Distributed Analytics\\ud and Information Science International Technology Alliance\\ud (DAIS ITA) is focused on ”Anticipatory Situational Understanding\\ud for Coalitions”.\\ud This paper takes the concrete example of detecting and\\ud predicting traffic congestion in the UK road transport network\\ud from existing generic sensing sources, such as real-time CCTV\\ud imagery and video, which are publicly available for this purpose.\\ud This scenario has been chosen carefully as we believe that in\\ud a typical city, all data relevant to transport network congestion\\ud information is not generally available from a single unified source,\\ud and that different organizations in the city (e.g. the weather office,\\ud the police force, the general public, etc.) have their own different\\ud sensors which can provide information potentially relevant to\\ud the traffic congestion problem. In this paper we are looking at\\ud the problem of (a) identifying congestion using cameras that,\\ud for example, the police department may have access to, and (b)\\ud fusing that with other data from other agencies in order to (c)\\ud augment any base data provided by the official transportation\\ud department feeds. By taking this coalition approach this requires\\ud using standard cameras to do different supplementary tasks like\\ud car counting, and in this paper we examine how well those tasks\\ud can be done with RNN/CNN, and other distributed machine\\ud learning processes.\\ud In this paper we provide details of an initial four-layer\\ud architecture and potential tooling to enable rapid formation of\\ud human/machine hybrid teams in this setting, with a focus on\\ud opportunistic and distributed processing of the data at the edge\\ud of the network. In future work we plan to integrate additional\\ud data-sources to further augment the core imagery data.
Abstract
Our particular research in the Distributed Analytics\\ud and Information Science International Technology Alliance\\ud (DAIS ITA) is focused on ”Anticipatory Situational [...]
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Traditional and Participatory Methods assessing Autonomous Driving
R. Brauna, E. Frankus

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 228

Abstract
This paper deals with traditional and participatory theoretical models of technology assessment by different stakeholders. Conclusions on the policy implications, especially in autonomous mobility, of such a comparison will be drawn while also analyzing the acceptance survey results based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and discussing some of its limitations. Further on participatory models of technology assessment especially will be discussed. The process of entering in dialogue and triggering engagement from different stakeholders and lay persons has the potential to open new avenues of understanding as well as demonstrating to researchers and policy makers that non-experts may have important reflections on technological agendas. Engagement may familiarize researchers and policy makers with new types of arguments and pave the way for a more inclusive, effective and socially embedded process of new technology embracement.
Abstract
This paper deals with traditional and participatory theoretical models of technology assessment by different stakeholders. Conclusions on the policy implications, especially [...]
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Truck parking space creation through intelligent structuring of given capacity
I. Bäumler, H. Kotzab

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 227

Abstract
This study shows how intelligent parking systems can extend the parking space capacity along German federal motorways by the use of satellite close-ups. Through this approach, the expansion potential of existing rest and service stations can be analyzed by means of intelligent parking facility management. We focused our analysis on German federal motorways with the highest lack for truck parking lots. Along these motorways, suitable rest and service stations were identified and we applied different telematics and non-telematics approaches in order to increase the capacity of parking areas without starting extensive constructional projects. Our findings show that parking space utilization can be significantly improved by simple structural extensions and a simultaneous use of intelligent parking facility management. Our study shows possibilities for a rapid and sustainable increase of truck parking spaces in a simple way.
Abstract
This study shows how intelligent parking systems can extend the parking space capacity along German federal motorways by the use of satellite close-ups. Through this approach, [...]
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Processing of passenger data for zone estimation
V. Nagy, B. Horváth

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 226

Abstract
Information society: we call often so our society. It means we are collecting day by day lot of data. On the other"br" hand we need lot of information. How can we transform data into information? One way is the data mining and"br" data processing. In this paper we show our previous and latest results and their comparison in the field of public"br" transport. We introduce a method to discover information among the data of public transport usage (boarding"br" and alighting). We describe how it is possible to find the connection between planning zones and raw data of"br" boarding and alighting. The method shown in this paper is the example that the data of a possible e-ticketing"br" system inherits much more information than we can image."br" The paper shows previous calculation results in a city with 130 thousand inhabitants, the new result in a city with"br" 40 thousand inhabitants and the comparison and conclusions of the results of these two different cities.
Abstract
Information society: we call often so our society. It means we are collecting day by day lot of data. On the other"br" hand we need lot of information. How can we transform [...]
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Terminal 4.0 – automation and optimization of multimodal cargo handling processes in existing terminal environments
D. Elias, B. Nadler, F. Nadler, C. Spiesberger, M. Dobrovnik, E. Fasthuber, S. Kummer, M. Scherer, D. Moosbrugger

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 225

Abstract
The transition towards logistics 4.0 is a major challenge for existing and historically grown multimodal hinterland cargo terminals. It is assumed that the traditional communication between human operators, machines and products will become increasingly negligible and will be converted to internet (of things)-based technologies. So far, automated processes have already been partially implemented in some areas as a growing number of operational processes is already undergoing change of digitization, but major adaptations are necessary due to the transition phase towards logistics 4.0. The paper presents findings of the ongoing research project Terminal 4.0 within the framework of the 7. call of the tender “Mobilität der Zukunft” of the Austrian Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit). It deals with the automation and optimization of existing cargo handling processes in order to develop recommendations for future terminals 4.0.
Abstract
The transition towards logistics 4.0 is a major challenge for existing and historically grown multimodal hinterland cargo terminals. It is assumed that the traditional communication [...]
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Smart infrastructure access policy: a highway towards more efficient road freight transport
K. Kural, C. Saxe, S. Kharrazi, T. Asp, B. Kraaijenhagen, J. Pauwelussen

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 223

Abstract
This paper describes interim results of the ongoing CEDR-funded "FALCON" project, which aims to introduce a step improvement in transport efficiency in Europe through the definition of a new performance-oriented legislative framework for road freight transport, thus ensuring a proper match between vehicles and the infrastructure. A Smart Infrastructure Access Policy (SIAP) is being developed as the primary method of regulation, in which policy explicitly specifies the performance level required from the road freight vehicle with respect to safety, manoeuvrability, infrastructure loading, and environmental impact, while giving consideration to national topologies and operational conditions. This method is fundamentally different to the prescriptive approach which mandates mass and dimension limits of vehicles. The prescriptive approach indirectly and often ineffectively ensures acceptable vehicle performance, as is the case of current, mainly prescriptive oriented, European legislation (96/53/EC).
Abstract
This paper describes interim results of the ongoing CEDR-funded "FALCON" project, which aims to introduce a step improvement in transport efficiency in Europe through the [...]
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Analysis of the market actors interests in Shift2Rail and Interoperability Framework solutions
G. Pasquale, J. Stafford, P. Umiliacchi

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 222

Abstract
The Interoperability Framework (IF) designed and developed in the IT2Rail project and promoted in GoF4R project (both funded under the EU Shift2Rail programme) reduces and potentially eliminates the need for centrally directed and coordinated adoption of centralized platforms or single standards. The Interoperability Framework creates an explicit, formal, shareable, machine-readable and computable description of data and services in order to allow a higher degree of automation of distributed processes across multiple data formats and unspecified actors."br" Analysis of the market actor interests in the Interoperability Framework technologies and relevant use cases have been identified. In addition, the paper presents the results from a survey and interviews with relevant stakeholders, conducted to understand the impact and the benefit perceived on the adoption of the Interoperability Framework solutions.
Abstract
The Interoperability Framework (IF) designed and developed in the IT2Rail project and promoted in GoF4R project (both funded under the EU Shift2Rail programme) reduces and [...]
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Mathematical model simulating the Slurry Pipeline in pressurized conduits
T. Chakkour

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 220

Abstract
International audience; Numerous slurry transportation pipeline systems have been built in the past 10 years. At the same time, T. Chakkour & F. Benkhaldoun study in [1] the hydraulic transport of particles in tubes. We investigated in [2] the hydraulic transport of slurry system in horizontal tubes (The Khouribga mines). This mineral pipeline has often been referred to as one of the most challenging projects in terms of operating complexity and system configuration in Morocco. This physical model features a mass and momentum balance for three-fluid model in 1D. It allows to predict the pressure drop and flow patterns. The originality of this work is to present in simplified form a homogeneous single-phase model. The most important advantage of this model is the considerably smaller number of variables to be solved compared to the multiphase model. In this presentation, we give the asymptotic behavior of friction-disharge term f Q 2 that is involved in the last term of motions equation, taking into account the Reynolds number. This allows to understand how the elevation varies, when the flow is very laminar.
Abstract
International audience; Numerous slurry transportation pipeline systems have been built in the past 10 years. At the same time, T. Chakkour & F. Benkhaldoun study in [1] the [...]
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Road safety issues of EU funded bicycle network projects in Hungary
E. Mako, E. Hoz, D. Miletics

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 219

Abstract
Road safety has improved significantly in Hungary between 2007 and 2013.The number of road fatalities had"br" dropped to levels seen 50 years earlier. In the past few years, however, it has started to increase again."br" Unfortunately, the safety of cyclists is not in the focus of road safety related research activities in Hungary,"br" nevertheless, Road Safety Audits (RSA) are now used more often for cycling infrastructure projects."br" A Road Safety Audit; one of the four pillars of road infrastructure safety management, focuses on the identification"br" of safety deficits in road infrastructure projects by performing an independent, detailed, systematic and technical"br" check. Auditing cycling infrastructure projects have recently become more common as a prerequisite for EUfunded"br" projects. As a result, a number of typical cycling safety issues have been collected from several bicycle"br" network development projects in which the authors were involved. The most frequent safety deficits are presented"br" in this paper.
Abstract
Road safety has improved significantly in Hungary between 2007 and 2013.The number of road fatalities had"br" dropped to levels seen 50 years earlier. In the past few years, [...]
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Transportation Policy Evaluation Using Minority Games and Agent-Based Simulation
R. Rossetti, H. Baghcheband, Z. Kokkinogenis

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 119

Abstract
Traffic congestion is an issue regarding the vitality of cities and the welfare of citizens. Transportation systems are using various technologies to allow users to adapt and make different decisions towards transportation modes. Modification and improvement of these systems affect the commuters' perspective and social welfare. In this study, the effect of road flow equilibrium on commuters' utilities with different types of transportation modes will be discussed. A simple network with two modes of transportation will be illustrated and three different cost policies were considered to test the efficiency of reinforcement learning in commuters' daily trip decision-making regarding time and mode. The artificial society of agents is simulated to analyse the results. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Abstract
Traffic congestion is an issue regarding the vitality of cities and the welfare of citizens. Transportation systems are using various technologies to allow users to adapt [...]
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Powerflow calculations in powersystems considering traction load
V. Shestakova, I. Kats, A. Darkhanova

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 118

Abstract
Nowadays, the negative impact of traction load on power system operation poses a serious problem that may lead to false tripping or even failures of relay protection devices and reduce the quality of electrical energy. This situation is typical for the Zabaikal power system, in which in some areas the share of electricity consumption by railway reaches 70% of total consumption. A computing tool, that would allow simultaneous analysis of the modes, both in the utility's grid and in the traction network, do not exist. The inability to carry out such analysis often leads to inconsistency in the actions of control centers and railway transport authorities, especially when maintenance planning. Mathematic modeling in such software systems as "Mustang", "RastrWin3", "MathCAD", “Matlab/Simulink”, “PSCAD”, “Kortes”. The developed model represents Zabaikal power system and contain detailed railway between substation Razmahnino and substation Shilka. Negative-sequence voltage unbalance factors were calculated for the case of train movement between substation Razmahnino and substation Shilka. Also, the necessity of back-up relays tripping values correction is stated. It was shown that for the powerflow calculations taking into account the traction load, it is rational to use a complex mathematical model, which uses compatible software systems with the ability of quick and easy data exchange.
Abstract
Nowadays, the negative impact of traction load on power system operation poses a serious problem that may lead to false tripping or even failures of relay protection devices [...]
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Safety Performance of the New Bus Rapid Transit System in Haifa, Israel: First Two-Years of Monitoring
V. Gitelman, R. Carmel, A. Korchatov

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 218

Abstract
This study explored safety impacts of a new Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system that was built in the Haifa metropolitan area, Israel, and began its operation in August 2013. Using accident data for Haifa city during the first two-years of the BRT operation, the study examined accident changes on roads with the BRT routes, related to comparison sites, and safety performance of streets with various BRT configurations. In spite of concerns related to the complexity of BRT settings and high traffic volumes, the BRT operation did not lead to a worsening in road safety, while decreasing trends were observed in some accident types and irregular shares of severe or pedestrian accidents did not appear. Such results were judged as successful and supporting the appropriateness of the design solutions adopted in the BRT system. The findings did not indicate significant differences in safety performance of streets with various BRT configurations, thus, leaving space for continued use of various forms. The major safety problem is seen in pedestrian accidents at BRT junctions for which new engineering solutions are needed.
Abstract
This study explored safety impacts of a new Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system that was built in the Haifa metropolitan area, Israel, and began its operation in August 2013. Using [...]
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Investigating Multimodal Augmentations Contribution to Remote Control Tower Contexts for Air Traffic Management
S. Pozzi, J. Imbert, M. Marucci, G. Borghini, N. Sciaraffa, F. Babiloni, A. Ferreira, P. Aricò, M. Reynal, V. Betti, M. Terenzi, C. Hurter, G. Flumeri, A. Florio

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 116

Abstract
International audience; The present study aims at investigating the contribution of multimodal modalities to the context of Remote Towers. Interactive spatial sound and vibrotactile feedback were used to design 4 different types of interaction and feedback, responding to 4 typical Air Traffic Control use cases. The experiment involved 16 professional Air Traffic Controllers, who have been called to manage 4 different ATC scenarios into ecological experimental conditions. In two of the scenarios, participants had to control only one airport (i.e., Single Remote Tower context), while in the other two scenarios participants had to control simultaneously two airports (i.e., Multiple Remote Tower context). The augmentation modalities were activated or not in a balanced way. Behavioral results highlighted a significant increase in overall participants performance when the augmentation modalities were activated in Single Remote Tower context. This work demonstrates that some types of augmentation modalities can be used into Remote Tower context.
Abstract
International audience; The present study aims at investigating the contribution of multimodal modalities to the context of Remote Towers. Interactive spatial sound and vibrotactile [...]
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Cooling Fluids and Ambient Temperature: Sensitivity Performance of a Container Ship Organic Rankine Cycle Unit
S. Fuente, U. Larsen, R. Bucknall, A. Greig

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 217

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to design organic Rankine cycle units that are cooled by air or seawater and show"br" the changes in net power output and power requirement as the ambient air temperatures change both geographically"br" and seasonally. The organic Rankine cycle unit uses the available waste heat from the scavenge air system for a"br" 4,100 TEU container ship. This work uses a two-step single objective optimisation capable of selecting 14 design"br" characteristics of the organic Rankine cycle unit and with the aim of minimising the vessel’s CO2 emissions. The"br" work contributes to the study of off-design operation and different cooling fluids for marine waste heat recovery"br" systems. The results show that the organic Rankine cycle unit is more adaptable to ambient air temperatures when"br" using seawater as a cooling fluid while air is an attractive option for extremely low ambient temperatures. Document type: Conference object
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to design organic Rankine cycle units that are cooled by air or seawater and show"br" the changes in net power output and power requirement [...]
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Journal of Transport and Land Use
A. Pearce, S. Hankey, A. Yeganeh, R. Hall

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 216

Abstract
to quality public transportation is critical for employment, especially for low-income and minority populations. This study contributes to previous work on equity analyses of the U.S. public transportation system by including the 45 largest Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) in a single analysis. Year-2014 Census demographic data were combined with an existing 2014 dataset of transit job accessibility. Then, transit equality and justice indicators were developed and a regression analysis was performed to explore trends in transit job accessibility by race and income. The findings suggest that within individual MSAs, low-income populations and minorities have the highest transit job accessibility. However, the overall transit ridership is low, and in certain MSAs with high transit job accessibility both high and low income populations have high access levels but middle income populations do not. Within individual MSAs, on average, accessibility differences by income are greater than accessibility differences by race. The relative importance of race versus income for injustice increases with MSA size. In upper mid-size and large MSAs, differences by race increase. Also, the differences by race are greater among low-income populations. Accessibility- related equality and justice indicators are only one of many issues that comprise the wider discussion of equity.
Abstract
to quality public transportation is critical for employment, especially for low-income and minority populations. This study contributes to previous work on equity analyses [...]
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GoF4R – Governance of the Interoperability Framework for Rail and Intermodal Mobility
J. Lutz, S. Gogos, J. Stafford, G. Pasquale

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 215

Abstract
In order to promote a modal shift towards green modes of transport such as rail, the intermodality between different transport modes should be improved. The development of multimodal travel information, planning and booking services and the interoperability between business applications is currently limited due to the fragmentation and incompatibility of interchange formats and protocols both within and across transport sectors as well as within the supply chain."br" The aim of the GoF4R project is to overcome the obstacles currently impeding the development of market innovation by fostering a large acceptance of the ‘semantic web for transportation’. The establishment of good governance aims at securing the confidence of the industry to use the Interoperability Framework (IF) semantic technologies that will be established under the IP4 Innovation Programme of Shift2Rail ‘IT Solutions for Attractive Railway Services’. The objective of the Governance of the IF for Rail and Intermodal Mobility (GoF4R) project is to design a governance and management structure for the IF that will: i) create the right conditions to introduce seamless mobility services, ii) foster the development of multimodal travel services and iii) ensure its continued relevance for the future evolution of the Single European Transport Area. The governance models proposed in GoF4R will serve the interests of the European travellers by fostering the market uptake by mobility service providers. It will facilitate new business opportunities for improved mobility and travel related services and improve the incorporation of new stakeholders in the European transport arena by removing technological, administrative and economic boundaries."br" The objectives will be achieved through a partnership of specialist participants including research institutions, a major European rail operator, industry associations representing the passenger and multi-modal transport sectors and public transportation authorities. Participants, who are also involved in the consortium of designers for the IF, will focus on the establishment of sustainable governance that will promote community confidence. The governance structure will create the basis for long term stability and controlled future evolution of the IF, promoting industry confidence so that it is attractive to invest in future products and services, contributing to the achievement of a distributed semantic ‘web of transport’ integrating the TAP-TSI specifications as one of its elements.
Abstract
In order to promote a modal shift towards green modes of transport such as rail, the intermodality between different transport modes should be improved. The development of [...]
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Sustainability and shared mobility models
G. Santos

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 214

Abstract
Shared mobility or mobility in the sharing economy is characterised by the sharing of a vehicle instead of ownership, and the use of technology to connect users and providers. Based on a literature review, the following four emerging models are identified: (1) peer to peer provision with a company as a broker, providing a platform where individuals can rent their cars when not in use; (2) short term rental of vehicles managed and owned by a provider; (3) companies that own no cars themselves but sign up ordinary car owners as drivers; and (4) on demand private cars, vans, or buses, and other vehicles, such as big taxis, shared by passengers going in the same direction. The first three models can yield profits to private parties, but they do not seem to have potential to reduce congestion and CO2 emissions substantially. The fourth model, which entails individuals not only sharing a vehicle, but actually travelling together at the same time, is promising in terms of congestion and CO2 emissions reductions. It is also the least attractive to individuals, given the disbenefits in terms of waiting time, travel time, comfort, and convenience, in comparison with the private car. Potential incentives to encourage shared mobility are also discussed, and research needs are outlined. Document type: Article
Abstract
Shared mobility or mobility in the sharing economy is characterised by the sharing of a vehicle instead of ownership, and the use of technology to connect users and providers. [...]
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L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS) activities in SESAR2020
B. Haindl, C. Rihacek, P. Fantappie, S. Pierattelli, T. Graupl, N. Fistas, M. Schnell

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 213

Abstract
traffic management communication shall transition from analog VHF voice communication to more spectrum efficient digital data communication. In Europe this transition shall be realized, among others, by the development and implementation of the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS). The objective of this paper is to provide a status report on the current progress of LDACS research and development within SESAR2020. In particular, we present the objectives of SESAR2020 project "PJ.14-02-01 FCI Terrestrial Data Link", the proposed LDACS high-level architecture, the planned technical validation exercises, and the status of the ongoing LDACS standardization activities: The objective of the SESAR2020 project is to develop fully functional LDACS prototypes and to use them for validation of the air interface requirements and the support of the ATN IPS infrastructure. The LDACS architecture has been defined as a complete set of network functions needed to provide radio access to an LDACS subscriber i.e. an aircraft. LDACS standardization is currently under way in ICAO and is planned to start in EUROCAE later this year.
Abstract
traffic management communication shall transition from analog VHF voice communication to more spectrum efficient digital data communication. In Europe this transition shall [...]
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Identification of Relevant Aspects for Personal Air Transport System Integration in Urban Mobility Modelling
A. Straubinger, R. Rothfeld

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 212

Abstract
This research evaluates relevant prerequisites for Personal Air Transport System (PATS) introduction into the urban transport modelling environment. Integrating Personal Air Vehicles (PAV) into existing transport systems poses various questions, which have to be thoroughly assessed. Therefore, different possible concepts of operations are being discussed, including not only ownership structure but also aspects like the adaptability of schedules (on-demand vs. scheduled services). Furthermore different demand drivers, such as job, housing, and retail location, user behaviour and mode choice are being presented with a digression on possible impacts on the city structure. In addition to that, potential cities for PAV introduction and the required properties are examined. Finally, different state-of-the-art approaches for transport modelling are constituted in order to lay the foundation for further research.
Abstract
This research evaluates relevant prerequisites for Personal Air Transport System (PATS) introduction into the urban transport modelling environment. Integrating Personal Air [...]
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Flexible runway use modeling using pairwise RECAT-EU separation minima
B. Meijden, P. Roling, R. Curran

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 211

Abstract
If we would take fuel consumption and noise annoyance into account in the runway allocation process,runway allocation can take place more efficiently, both in terms of fuel cost as well as noise annoyance. In this research, the focus is on the further development of a model in order to make the calculationsmore refined. Moreover, the improvements conducted in this research relate to the methodologies to compute the cost of the decision variables and the level of complexity of specific linear programming constraints in the optimization model. Consequently, the aim of this research is to answer the following research question: Can the performance of Standard Flex be further optimized by applying pairwise flight dependencies, while ensuring and contributing to a valid trade-off between runway capacity, noise emission, fuel burn and safety. By means of this research, the flexible runway allocation model has been improved on many aspects. The computation strategy of both objectives has moved from a reference aircraft based computation strategy to an analysis based on each unique aircraft on its own. This refined computational approach has resulted in a better understanding and modeling strategy of the operations that take place at an airport. Finally, the implementation of RECAT-EU separation minima has resulted in a reduction of 5-10% in overall separation times with respect to the regular ICAO WTC strategy, based on multiple air traffic demand mixture scenarios, based on a specific demand of flights?.
Abstract
If we would take fuel consumption and noise annoyance into account in the runway allocation process,runway allocation can take place more efficiently, both in terms of fuel [...]
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Intent-driven composition of resource-management SDN applications
M. Reiter, V. Heorhiadi, S. Chandrasekaran, V. Sekar

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 210

Abstract
software-defined networking deployments mature, operators need to manage and compose multiple resource-management applications, such as traffic engineering and service chaining. Today such applications' resource management algorithms run separately and composition approaches are output-driven, e.g., running each application on a statically provisioned slice of the network and then combining the flow rules output for each slice. Such approaches result in inefficient resource utilization and unfairness. Instead, we argue for intent-driven composition, where a unified resource optimization formulation is composed from applications' high-level intents and the solution to this problem formulation is realized in the network. We design Chopin1, an intent-driven framework for composing SDN resource-management applications. Chopin's design addresses key robustness challenges with regard to efficiency and fairness that arise in realizing such an intent-driven approach. We have integrated Chopin with the ONOS controller and show that it substantially improves efficiency and fairness over existing composition approaches.
Abstract
software-defined networking deployments mature, operators need to manage and compose multiple resource-management applications, such as traffic engineering and service chaining. [...]
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Novel common vehicle information model (CVIM) for future automotive vehicle big data marketplaces
A. Zarcula, J. Pillmann, C. Wietfeld, T. Raugust, D. Alonso

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 209

Abstract
Even though connectivity services have been introduced in many of the most recent car models, access to vehicle data is currently limited due to its proprietary nature. The European project AutoMat has therefore developed an open Marketplace providing a single point of access for brand-independent vehicle data. Thereby, vehicle sensor data can be leveraged for the design and implementation of entirely new services even beyond traffic-related applications (such as hyper-local traffic forecasts). This paper presents the architecture for a Vehicle Big Data Marketplace as enabler of cross-sectorial and innovative vehicle data services. Therefore, the novel Common Vehicle Information Model (CVIM) is defined as an open and harmonized data model, allowing the aggregation of brand-independent and generic data sets. Within this work the realization of a prototype CVIM and Marketplace implementation is presented. The two use-cases of local weather prediction and road quality measurements are introduced to show the applicability of the AutoMat concept and prototype to non-automotive applications.
Abstract
Even though connectivity services have been introduced in many of the most recent car models, access to vehicle data is currently limited due to its proprietary nature. The [...]
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Opportunities for resilient rail system development using natural language processing.
D. Ngo, H. Parkinson, G. Bamford, J. J., P. Rayson

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 208

Abstract
In this paper we examine a natural language processing and machine learning approach to help assess the quality"br" of railway hazard logs. The focus is on highlighting red flags in the hazard log content to help improve the accuracy"br" and quality of the contents and so the speed of risk reviews. Data is presented that indicate the approach has"br" potential for significant savings in time and increased quality. The tool is one of a number that we are developing"br" as part of an initiative to improve rail system development and operation by employing artificial intelligence (AI)"br" to augment existing methods in the context of a wider system engineering approach. This will in turn lead to rail"br" systems becoming more sustainable and resilient.
Abstract
In this paper we examine a natural language processing and machine learning approach to help assess the quality"br" of railway hazard logs. The focus is on highlighting red [...]
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Evaluation of the fuel-consumption-reduction potential of a Danube vessel
J. Schweighofer, A. Suvačarov

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 207

Abstract
In the framework of the Horizon 2020 EU project PROMINENT, the fuel-consumption-reduction potential of a Danube vessel is evaluated. The vessel is sailing between Regensburg and Budapest on the Upper Danube. The results comprise sailing time and fuel consumption derived for three different constant delivered power values representing the most significant power range the vessel is being operated in, as well as 3 different speeds over ground when sailing downstream. They are evaluated for 15 characteristic sections of the Upper Danube when sailing upstream, as well as downstream. The afore-mentioned results are given for three different water levels: the Low Navigable Water Level (LNWL), an artificial Mean Water Level (MWL) and the Highest Navigable Water Level (HNWL), and they are combined to different sailing strategies comprising sailing with different constant brake powers upstream and speeds over ground downstream.
Abstract
In the framework of the Horizon 2020 EU project PROMINENT, the fuel-consumption-reduction potential of a Danube vessel is evaluated. The vessel is sailing between Regensburg [...]
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AutoAccel: Automated Accelerator Generation and Optimization with Composable, Parallel and Pipeline Architecture
P. Zhang, P. Wei, J. Cong, C. Yu

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 206

Abstract
CPU-FPGA heterogeneous architectures are attracting ever-increasing attention in an attempt to advance computational capabilities and energy efficiency in today's datacenters. These architectures provide programmers with the ability to reprogram the FPGAs for flexible acceleration of many workloads. Nonetheless, this advantage is often overshadowed by the poor programmability of FPGAs whose programming is conventionally a RTL design practice. Although recent advances in high-level synthesis (HLS) significantly improve the FPGA programmability, it still leaves programmers facing the challenge of identifying the optimal design configuration in a tremendous design space. This paper aims to address this challenge and pave the path from software programs towards high-quality FPGA accelerators. Specifically, we first propose the composable, parallel and pipeline (CPP) microarchitecture as a template of accelerator designs. Such a well-defined template is able to support efficient accelerator designs for a broad class of computation kernels, and more importantly, drastically reduce the design space. Also, we introduce an analytical model to capture the performance and resource trade-offs among different design configurations of the CPP microarchitecture, which lays the foundation for fast design space exploration. On top of the CPP microarchitecture and its analytical model, we develop the AutoAccel framework to make the entire accelerator generation automated. AutoAccel accepts a software program as an input and performs a series of code transformations based on the result of the analytical-model-based design space exploration to construct the desired CPP microarchitecture. Our experiments show that the AutoAccel-generated accelerators outperform their corresponding software implementations by an average of 72x for a broad class of computation kernels.
Abstract
CPU-FPGA heterogeneous architectures are attracting ever-increasing attention in an attempt to advance computational capabilities and energy efficiency in today's datacenters. [...]
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Evolution into a new-generation Traffic Data Platform to support emerging interoperability and multi-modal traffic applications
A. Richter, E. Brockfeld, E. Melde, L. Schubert, M. Scholz

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 205

Abstract
Traffic is getting smart, participants and infrastructure are getting connected and more data is digitally available. Different kinds of platforms were set up to support new applications and use cases: to manage traffic, to operate fleets, to influence and optimize routing, to provide essential data such as highly precise and local dynamic maps as well as to collect data about the traffic infrastructure. If traffic stakeholders and their interacting use cases incorporate, then also the data platforms should be fused to improve interoperability. The German Aerospace Center’s Institute of Transportation Systems (DLR-TS) also operates three specialized data platforms to improve emergent traffic applications and support mobility research."br" The Traffic Data Platform (TDP) provides all basic tools for storage, map-matching, processing, fusion and management of traffic data from various sensors and third party sources such as floating object data, observed data and data from sensors like induction loops or traffic eyes as well as different road networks. Additionally, information about infrastructure and exceptional events such as natural disasters are integrated."br" The Bahnserver (railway server) provides methods for centralized collection, automated processing, 3D visualization of rail network infrastructure elements as well as position-based real-time information of vehicles. It provides tools for merging and validation of different data sources in one database, plotting of units with automatic telemetry reporting and intuitive visualization of geo-referenced measurements."br" The Digital Atlas collects heterogeneous geodata about road networks and urban infrastructure to provide 3D environments and detailed topographical and topological road descriptions on lane level with high accuracy for driving simulators and advanced driver assistance and automation systems."br" These three platforms are operating in the same traffic environment and have similarities in used data and supported applications. Therefore it is obvious to fuse these platforms to make use of the best of the three worlds: DLR is migrating the Digital Atlas and the Bahnserver into TDP to extend it with their features. This supports inter-map-matching to use maps with different levels of detail from different sources, harmonized visualization services, enhance user management for fleet operators using only few maintenance units or thousands of private end-users. This paper will present the three platforms and their use cases, describe the approach of fusing the systems and give prospects about the potential of the new-generation traffic data platform.
Abstract
Traffic is getting smart, participants and infrastructure are getting connected and more data is digitally available. Different kinds of platforms were set up to support new [...]
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Transport and Equity Analysis results' empowerment for future mobility challenges
F. Ciommo

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 204

Abstract
Transport and Equity Analysis COST Action – TU1209 dedicated a special attention to the mobility challenges related with the social and technical dimensions of transport. The three theoretical and practical results of TEA COST dealing with mobility issues are:"br" 1. Proposing a shift from a time-saving based appraisal paradigm to a new composite variable able to jointly consider personal characteristics, spatial accessibility, and trips attributes (i.e. needs of people)."br" 2. Changing the approach for analyzing users' mobility choice from a utility-based approach to a needs-based approach."br" 3. Opening transport planning to the real participation of users through adapted mobility survey, meetings for proposing and creating consensus around transport planning measures, and innovative governance tools.
Abstract
Transport and Equity Analysis COST Action – TU1209 dedicated a special attention to the mobility challenges related with the social and technical dimensions of transport. [...]
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Kinematics of powered two-wheelers at bends on intercity roads
A. Hublart, P. Subirats, O. Floris

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 203

Abstract
In France, powered two-wheelers (PTWs) account for 18% of fatal accidents, and PTW riders are 27 times more"br" likely to be killed than car drivers. More than one-third (40%) of these fatal accidents occur at bends on intercity"br" roads. Based on this observation, a prototype vehicle embodying the full range of intrinsic and extrinsic parameters"br" was developed in order to analyse rider behaviour. The Rider Behaviour Analysis Motorcycle (Moto d’Analyse du"br" Comportement du Conducteur, MACC) was used to analyse speed and lateral acceleration, capture videos and"br" measure vehicle dynamics and trajectories. The findings revealed certain practices that had never previously been"br" quantified. Alongside this behavioural study, we will also highlight some key accident research statistics associated"br" with PTWs at bends on intercity roads.
Abstract
In France, powered two-wheelers (PTWs) account for 18% of fatal accidents, and PTW riders are 27 times more"br" likely to be killed than car drivers. More than one-third (40%) [...]
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Comparing lab to field properties in CEN Type Testing for Asphalt Concrete – the NL-LAB program
S. Erkens, D. Vliet, G. Seleridis, I. Vilsteren, N. Meinen, A. Alipour, J. Voskuilen, K. Anupam

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 202

Abstract
In 2008 Europe introduced the CEN standards for Asphalt Concrete (EN13108 series). The Netherlands adopted the approach of fundamental requirements and input target composition. The aim was to achieve a better understanding of those mechanical properties and eventually enable less prescriptive requirements for the composition while retaining well-functioning pavement materials. This was seen as a pre-requisite for innovations in pavement engineering and pavement materials."br" Some surprises in laboratory performance led to the initiation of a program using the Dutch road network as a living laboratory (NL-LAB). Using laboratory produced and field specimens, this program aims first of all to assess the effects of mixing and compaction on the fundamental properties used in the Netherlands. This paper describes the NL-LAB program and the results for the first projects that are analysed, focussing on the stiffness and resistance to permanent deformation. The results show that, although the fundamental approach indeed stimulates research into a more fundamental understanding of Asphalt Concrete, the current understanding is still far from complete. It also highlights the importance of well standardized tests and the importance of inter-laboratory studies.
Abstract
In 2008 Europe introduced the CEN standards for Asphalt Concrete (EN13108 series). The Netherlands adopted the approach of fundamental requirements and input target composition. [...]
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Deep Learning-based Object Classification on Automotive Radar Spectra
T. Visentin, D. Rusev, B. Yang, M. Pfeiffer, K. Rambach, K. Patel

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 110

Abstract
Scene understanding for automated driving requires accurate detection and classification of objects and other traffic participants. Automotive radar has shown great potential as a sensor for driver assistance systems due to its robustness to weather and light conditions, but reliable classification of object types in real time has proved to be very challenging. Here we propose a novel concept for radar-based classification, which utilizes the power of modern Deep Learning methods to learn favorable data representations and thereby replaces large parts of the traditional radar signal processing chain. We propose to apply deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) directly to regions-of-interest (ROI) in the radar spectrum and thereby achieve an accurate classification of different objects in a scene. Experiments on a real-world dataset demonstrate the ability to distinguish relevant objects from different viewpoints. We identify deep learning challenges that are specific to radar classification and introduce a set of novel mechanisms that lead to significant improvements in object classification performance compared to simpler classifiers. Our results demonstrate that Deep Learning methods can greatly augment the classification capabilities of automotive radar sensors.
Abstract
Scene understanding for automated driving requires accurate detection and classification of objects and other traffic participants. Automotive radar has shown great potential [...]
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Booking Processes in Autonomous Carsharing and Taxi Systems
F. Dandl, K. Bogenberger

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 201

Abstract
With the introduction of autonomous vehicles, ride-hailing, taxi, and carsharing might all become on-demand door-to-door mobility services. We assume that the carsharing mode will develop into a system with more flexibility for users while ride-hailing and taxi will focus on the efficiency of the system. The flexibility of the autonomous carsharing system can present itself in multiple ways, e.g. the option to drive manually, withhold the information of the final stop, freely choosing routes and stops, or reserving a vehicle for an unspecified amount of time. The more efficient autonomous taxi system requires user requests to contain the information of the destination and the operator has full control over the vehicles. We discuss some implications (vehicle-search and assignment, scaling, ridepooling and relocations) of the different systems qualitatively and show a numerical study of a small and large scale scenario reflecting the efficiency advantage of the autonomous taxi system.
Abstract
With the introduction of autonomous vehicles, ride-hailing, taxi, and carsharing might all become on-demand door-to-door mobility services. We assume that the carsharing mode [...]
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Towards a risk-based approach for the design of highly resilient future vehicles
A. Ruddle

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 200

Abstract
Current technological trends in transportation are towards increasing levels of automation, and ultimately to fully autonomous operation, as well as greater wireless connectivity. Although cars are among the best known examples, similar trends are also found in hazardous industrial environments, as well as in the marine and aerospace sectors. However, as the role of the driver/operator is progressively removed from vehicle control, the electronic systems that replace the human inputs will need to provide extremely high levels of dependability in order to ensure the public acceptability of these technologies. Thus, the electronic systems of future vehicles, as well as the intelligent transport systems that they interact with, will need to be designed to ensure a high degree of resilience to a wide range of threats. This paper outlines the elements of a unified risk-based approach to support the development of future vehicles that are highly resilient to environmental and criminal threats, thus ensuring acceptable levels of functional safety, safety of the intended functionality, cyber security and mission-critical functionality.
Abstract
Current technological trends in transportation are towards increasing levels of automation, and ultimately to fully autonomous operation, as well as greater wireless connectivity. [...]
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Numerical modelling of acoustic pressure fields to optimize the ultrasonic cleaning technique for cylinders
L. Wrobel, T. Gan, P. Lowe, H. Lais

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 199

Abstract
Fouling build up is a well-known problem in the offshore industry. Accumulation of fouling occurs in different structures, e.g. offshore pipes, ship hulls, floating production platforms. The type of fouling that accumulates is dependent on environmental conditions surrounding the structure itself. Current methods deployed for fouling removal span across hydraulic, chemical and manual, all sharing the common disadvantage of necessitating halting production for the cleaning process to commence. Conventionally, ultrasound is used in ultrasonic baths to clean a submerged component by the generation and implosion of cavitation bubbles on the fouled surface; this method is particularly used in Reverse Osmosis applications. However, this requires the submersion of the fouled structure and thus may require a halt to production. Large fouled structures such as pipelines may not be accommodated. The application of high power ultrasonics is proposed in this work as a means to remove fouling on a structure whilst in operation. The work presented in this paper consists of the development of a finite element analysis model based on successful cleaning results from a pipe fouled with calcite on the inner pipe wall. A Polytec 3D Laser Doppler Vibrometer was used in this investigation to study the fouling removal process. Results show the potential of high power ultrasonics for fouling removal in pipe structures from the wave propagation across the structure under excitation, and are used to validate a COMSOL model to determine cleaning patterns based on pressure and displacement distributions for future transducer array design and optimization.
Abstract
Fouling build up is a well-known problem in the offshore industry. Accumulation of fouling occurs in different structures, e.g. offshore pipes, ship hulls, floating production [...]
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Influence of blast-induced ground vibrations on buried transmission pipelines
S. Stanković, M. Dobrilović, V. Škrlec

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 198
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Upgrading of freight railways to meet operational and market demands
B. Paulsson, A. Ekberg, L. Elfgren

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 197

Abstract
The European objective of a modal shift of freight transports to railways will require extensive upgrading of"br" existing railway lines. This is due to the fact that very few dedicated freight railways are currently being built and"br" existing lines were built for traffic demands at the time of construction. A transition to increased and enhanced"br" railway freight operations can therefore be costly and complicated. To minimize negative effects, a guideline for"br" upgrading was developed within the Capacity4Rail project. The current paper presents the major findings from"br" this guideline. In particular, it outlines different upgrading possibilities and their implications, and details"br" structured approaches to upgrading analyses. Setting out from the Capacity4Rail handbook, the current paper"br" discusses possibilities for upgrading of substructures, bridges, tunnels, and the track structure. In these areas, an"br" overview of challenges and possibilities is presented together with examples of experience from operational"br" upgrading. The paper concludes that freight line upgrading using a more streamlined approach, as outlined in the"br" guideline, is a necessity if EU objectives on modal shifts in transportation are to be met. Further, it demonstrates"br" why a political drive is necessary to increase efforts to upgrade freight lines.
Abstract
The European objective of a modal shift of freight transports to railways will require extensive upgrading of"br" existing railway lines. This is due to the fact that very [...]
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Recasting the Understanding of Habits for Behaviour-Oriented Policies in Transportation
K. Maréchal

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 196

Abstract
The role of habits in influencing transportation behaviour is acknowledged in many studies. However, most of these analyses draw on a narrow perspective of habits. In this paper, we adopt a reversed perspective regarding the interplay between habits and rationality. The insightfulness of this perspective is illustrated with the findings of two empirical studies on urban transportation. This paper shows that the underlying structure (i.e. the "genotype") behind the phenotypic manifestation of a habit is essential to grasp for getting a better understanding of the role played by habits in explaining car use. The framework of habitual practices is then put forward in discussing the results. Its rationale is to provide a characterisation of the interconnected elements that make and shape the transportation practices, together with important aspects regarding how they are formed and sustained over time. Adequately picturing both constituent elements as well as dynamic aspects is crucial for explaining the strength of habitual practices and thus car dependence. In doing so, the framework of habitual practices could thus well be of help for policy-makers in reflecting on the design of efficient and innovative interventions for the transition towards more sustainable transportation behaviours. SCOPUS: ar.j info:eu-repo/semantics/published Document type: Article
Abstract
The role of habits in influencing transportation behaviour is acknowledged in many studies. However, most of these analyses draw on a narrow perspective of habits. In this [...]
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CarSense: Evaluation of the Potential of In-Vehicle Sensor Data for Road Operators
R. Brunauer, K. Rehrl, W. Kremser, R. Moser

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 195

Abstract
Modern vehicles are equipped with dozens of sensors collecting data for supporting automotive trends like Autonomous and/or Connected Driving. For road operators, in-vehicle data or so-called Extended Floating Car Data (XFCD) are often promised as the Holy Grail for supporting efficient road operations. In this work, we tackle the question of benefits with respect to potential in-vehicle sensor data usage from a road operator’s point of view, focusing on traffic information, traffic management and road maintenance. Key results are amongst others: (1) the need for customized XFCD solutions supporting road operator’s tasks, (2) standardized data access and formats for in-vehicle sensor data, (3) cost-effective integration of XFCD into existing monitoring infrastructure, and (4) the need to actively promote road operator’s interests.
Abstract
Modern vehicles are equipped with dozens of sensors collecting data for supporting automotive trends like Autonomous and/or Connected Driving. For road operators, in-vehicle [...]
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Discussion On Density-Based Clustering Methods Applied for Automated Identification of Airspace Flows
M. Martinez, V. Comendador, F. Nieto, C. Gallego

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 194

Abstract
Traffic Management systems generate a huge amount of track data daily. Flight trajectories can be clustered to extract main air traffic flows by means of unsupervised machine learning techniques. A well-known methodology for unsupervised extraction of air traffic flows conducts a two-step process. The first step reduces the dimensionality of the track data, whereas the second step clusters the data based on a density-based algorithm, DBSCAN. This paper explores advancements in density-based clustering such as OPTICS or HDBSCAN*. This assessment is based on quantitative and qualitative evaluations of the clustering solutions offered by these algorithms. In addition, the paper proposes a hierarchical clustering algorithm for handling noise in this methodology. This algorithm is based on a recursive application of DBSCAN* (RDBSCAN*). The paper demonstrates the sensitivity of these algorithms to different hyper-parameters, recommending a specific setting for the main one, which is common for all methods. RDBSCAN* outperforms the other algorithms in terms of the density-based internal validity metric. Finally, the outcome of the clustering shows that the algorithm extracts main clusters of the dataset effectively, connecting outliers to these main clusters. Document type: Conference object
Abstract
Traffic Management systems generate a huge amount of track data daily. Flight trajectories can be clustered to extract main air traffic flows by means of unsupervised machine [...]
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Investigating which factors affect lateral position variability through a driving simulator experiment
P. Papantoniou, D. Pavlou, G. Yannis, C. Antoniou

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 193

Abstract
The objective of the present research is to investigate the effect of several risk factors including distraction conditions, driver as well as road environment characteristics on lateral position variability. For this purpose, a large driving simulator experiment was carried out, in which 95 participants from three different age groups were asked to drive under different types of distraction in different road and traffic conditions. To achieve the research objectives, generalized linear mixed models were implemented regarding standard deviation of lateral position as the data used in this research involve repeated observations from each individual trial (each driver completes six drives in rural and six drives in urban environment). Results indicate that several parameters are found to significantly affect lateral position variability including driver characteristics such as gender and age and area type. Regarding distraction cell phone use slightly increased lateral position variability indicating that drivers while talking and holding the cell phone find difficult to maintain the vehicle probably.
Abstract
The objective of the present research is to investigate the effect of several risk factors including distraction conditions, driver as well as road environment characteristics [...]
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Application of the magnetic leakage field method to investigate wire strands
M. Schreiner, F. Lehmann

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 192

Abstract
The magnetic leakage measurement method is useful for the nondestructive investigation of the integrity of tendons used in prestressed concrete components [1, 2]. It is based on the fact that ruptures or sudden changes in the cross sections of prestressing steel can be detected by characteristic magnetic anomalies. Due to the fact that all ferromagnetic elements of the reinforcement cause magnetic signals, these anomalies have to be obtained by using a magnetization scheme adapted to the given geometrical conditions and according signal analysis. The measuring of the remanence magnetic leakage field, in combination with numerical methods, leads to the satisfactory suppression of unwanted signals from the mild reinforcement. Ruptures of prestressing steel of pretensioned concrete members can be reliably detected with good repeatability. In case of tensioning steel arranged as bundle, the detection limit becomes severely limited because the adjacent intact steels cause a considerable attenuation of the signal of a rupture."br" This paper shows different applications of the magnetic field leakage method for the investigation of wire strands.
Abstract
The magnetic leakage measurement method is useful for the nondestructive investigation of the integrity of tendons used in prestressed concrete components [1, 2]. It is based [...]
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Risk Assessment of Electrical Power Systems Considering Traffic Congestion
Y. Fang, E. Zio, H. Wang

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 191

Abstract
With the increasing penetration of electric vehicles in the transportation system, more and more interactions appear between the transportation and power systems. This requires considering the impact of disturbances in the electrified transportation system onto the stability of the power system. This paper addresses this issue by proposing a method based on a cell transmission model (CTM) of the electrified transportation system and an alternative current (AC) model of the power system. Specifically, CTM is used to simulate the dynamic realtime traffic under congestion disturbances and evaluate the charging demands in the areas of the electrified transportation system. The charging demands are input to the AC model of the power system to calculate the fluctuations in power flow distributions. The proposed method can simulate the dynamic interactions between the electrified transportation system and the power system, and quantitatively measure the impacts of traffic disturbances on the stability of the power system. A numerical example is used to illustrate the proposed method.
Abstract
With the increasing penetration of electric vehicles in the transportation system, more and more interactions appear between the transportation and power systems. This requires [...]
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Evaluation Methodology for Cooperative ADAS Utilizing Simulation and Experiments
D. Seydel, J. Pfeiffer, J. Jiru, S. Bittl

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 190

Abstract
Wireless vehicular networks are to be deployed in both Europe and the USA within upcoming years. Such networks introduce a new promising source of information about vehicular environments to be used by cooperative advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). However, development and evaluation of such cooperative ADAS is still challenging. Hence, we introduce a novel methodology for their development and evaluation processes. It is applied to evaluate the fulfillment of requirements on position accuracy information within exchanged messages. Such requirements are only roughly defined and not sufficiently evaluated in field tests. This holds especially for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) optimized for maximum integrity of obtained positions. Such configuration is required to increase robustness and reliability of safety critical ADAS. We find that pure GNSS-based positioning cannot fulfill position accuracy requirements of studied ADAS in most test cases.
Abstract
Wireless vehicular networks are to be deployed in both Europe and the USA within upcoming years. Such networks introduce a new promising source of information about vehicular [...]
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Optimizing Multi-class Fleet Compositions for Shared Mobility-as-a-Service
A. Wallar, J. Alonso-Mora, D. Rus, W. Schwarting

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 101

Abstract
Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) systems are transforming the way society moves. The introduction and adoption of pooled ride-sharing has revolutionized urban transit with the potential of reducing vehicle congestion, improving accessibility and flexibility of a city's transportation infrastructure. Recently developed algorithms can compute routes for vehicles in realtime for a city-scale volume of requests, as well as optimize fleet sizes for MaaS systems that allow requests to share vehicles. Nonetheless, they are not capable of reasoning about the composition of a fleet and their varying capacity classes. In this paper, we present a method to not only optimize fleet sizes, but also their multi-class composition for MaaS systems that allow requests to share vehicles. We present an algorithm to determine how many vehicles of each class and capacity are needed, where they should be initialized, and how they should be routed to service all the travel demand for a given period of time. The algorithm maximizes utilization while reducing the total number of vehicles and incorporates constraints on wait- times and travel-delays. Finally, we evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithm for multi-class fleets with pooled ride-sharing using 426,908 historical taxi requests from Manhattan and 187,243 downtown Singapore. We show fleets comprised of vehicles with smaller capacities can reduce the total travel delay by 10% in Manhattan whereas larger capacity fleets in downtown Singapore contribute to a 9% reduction in the total waiting time.
Abstract
Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) systems are transforming the way society moves. The introduction and adoption of pooled ride-sharing has revolutionized urban transit with the [...]
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Autonomous taxi operations: algorithms for the solution of the routing problem
P. Gili, G. Sirigu, M. Battipede, M. Cassaro

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 188

Abstract
International audience; In past decades, airport ground operations have attracted researchers, with the aim of increasing airport efficiency and reducing the environmental impact of airport operations. Airplane taxi operations have received particular attention for their significant impact on the airport efficiency and pollutant emissions and on the fuel cost for airlines. Alternative solutions have been proposed to the engine-on taxi procedures, including the employment of autonomous vehicles to tow the aircraft between gates and runways. In order to be performed, autonomous taxi procedures require precise planning and scheduling by means of sophisticated management systems. At the base of these management systems, lie algorithms for the solution of the routing problem, which provide feasible paths on the airport surface. Two different approaches can be used: compute the paths on the fly, or pre-compute all the possible paths between all the pairs of starting/ending points on the airport grid and store them in a database that is called when needed. In this paper, four different algorithms are implemented and compared for the computation of paths on the fly: two Hopfield-type neural networks and two algorithms based on graph theory. Furthermore, two algorithms for the generation of the path database are presented: a modified version of the Breadth-first search and an implementation of the k-shortest paths algorithm. Each taxi mission, performed by the tractors, consists of three different events, called phases: one central towing phase, where the tractor tows the aircraft between gate and runway and two repositioning phases in which the tractors move from its actual position to the airplane or from the airplane back to the depot.
Abstract
International audience; In past decades, airport ground operations have attracted researchers, with the aim of increasing airport efficiency and reducing the environmental [...]
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Profiling Future Air Transport Passengers in Europe
U. Kluge, A. Paul, H. Ureta, K. Ploetner

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 187

Abstract
Gaining detailed insights into socio-economic characteristics and behaviour of air passengers constitutes a major benefit for stakeholders in the industry. Understanding passengers’ diverse expectations, requirements and needs can open up new revenue sources in the form of innovative products and services. Being the first mover can thus create a competitive advantage towards opponents. Market segmentation approaches help to identify key consumer groups, to design marketing strategies accordingly and maximise profits. Additionally to current passengers’ research, this paper applies an a priori technique to determine six future air passenger profiles for 2035, reflecting major developments faced by the European transport sector such as changing environmental awareness, increased use of information and communication technologies or disruptive developments like autonomous driving. Profiles enable differentiated insights into future passenger behaviour to derive implications for the transport sector.
Abstract
Gaining detailed insights into socio-economic characteristics and behaviour of air passengers constitutes a major benefit for stakeholders in the industry. Understanding passengers’ [...]
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Performance Measure of Vehicle Onboard Vision System: An Interval Observer-based Approach
D. Ichalal, S. Ifqir, S. Mammar, N. Oufroukh

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 186

Abstract
International audience; Advanced Driver assistance systems that assist in safe vehicle guidance require a thorough understanding of the crossed environment. Because these systems rely on the vision sensor's ability to detect road boundaries and lane marking, these systems are extremely sensitive to road conditions. Itis therefore important to take a critical look at their key aspects and evaluate their performance and accuracy. In this work, an evaluation framework to measure the performance of a vehicle onboard stereo-vision system using set-membership theory is presented. The proposed approach considers the changes that might occur in vehicle dynamics during the maneuver. The experiment design and evaluation of the proposed method is shown using field data acquired using an instrumented vehicle.
Abstract
International audience; Advanced Driver assistance systems that assist in safe vehicle guidance require a thorough understanding of the crossed environment. Because these [...]
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Linking Multimodal Traveller Information Services for Transnational Journey Planning
B. Neuhäuser, A. Hausmann, D. Esztergár-Kiss, T. Tettamanti, S. Dumitrescu

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 185

Abstract
There is a huge cross-border travel demand within the EU leading to hundred millions of cross-border trips every year. Notwithstanding the information demand for seamless journey planning and accurate and timely information on public transport, the provided traveller information is often limited in terms of the provided modes and in terms of its geographical coverage. The above mentioned deficiency is tackled by an international consortium of journey planner- and transport operators in the frame of the INTERREG project “LinkingDanube”. The goal is the brining information together from several existing regional services in order to enable journey planning that goes beyond the territory covered by the single systems and offers travellers seamless travel information provided in one integrated journey plan. In particular the objective is to develop a system architecture that enables that combination of services, which is addressed as “distributed journey planning” and an integration of the results. By developing and establishing a common interface (Open API) at each of the involved systems, the exchange of requests and results (not data) will be facilitated. The paper elaborates the service architecture and outlines the technical implementation.
Abstract
There is a huge cross-border travel demand within the EU leading to hundred millions of cross-border trips every year. Notwithstanding the information demand for seamless [...]
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The methodology of increasing the functional safety of aviation enterprises
V. Temnikov, O. Temnikova, P. Pavlenko, A. Temnikov

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 184

Abstract
Functional safety of aviation enterprises (control towers and airports) depends significantly on the state of the system "Aviation Security Service — entities that commit acts of unlawful interference in the operation of airports" and the functional condition of the Aviation Security Service staff and air traffic controllers. Therefore, its increase can be achieved only with the systematic application of organizational measures and measures aimed at reducing the human factor's impact on the effectiveness of the Aviation Security Service staff and air traffic controllers. The article describes the methodology for improving the operational safety of the aviation enterprise, based on the developed models and the methods for managing the levels of the state of the system, employees of the Aviation Security Service and air traffic controllers.
Abstract
Functional safety of aviation enterprises (control towers and airports) depends significantly on the state of the system "Aviation Security Service — entities that commit [...]
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Exploiting Map Topology Knowledge for Context-Predictive Multi-Interface Car-to-Cloud Communication
C. Wietfeld, B. Sliwa, M. Klass, J. Pillmann

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 183

Abstract
While the automotive industry is currently facing a contest among different communication technologies and paradigms about predominance in the connected vehicles sector, the diversity of the various application requirements makes it unlikely that a single technology will be able to fulfill all given demands. Instead, the joint usage of multiple communication technologies seems to be a promising candidate that allows benefiting from characteristical strengths (e.g., using low latency direct communication for safety-related messaging). Consequently, dynamic network interface selection has become a field of scientific interest. In this paper, we present a cross-layer approach for context-aware transmission of vehicular sensor data that exploits mobility control knowledge for scheduling the transmission time with respect to the anticipated channel conditions for the corresponding communication technology. The proposed multi-interface transmission scheme is evaluated in a comprehensive simulation study, where it is able to achieve significant improvements in data rate and reliability.
Abstract
While the automotive industry is currently facing a contest among different communication technologies and paradigms about predominance in the connected vehicles sector, the [...]
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High efficient natural gas engine concepts for long haul transportation
G. Hasenbichler, T. Sams, A. Arnberger, S. Maus, C. Plikat, M. Keenan, S. Golini, J. Weinzierl, I. Magnusson

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 182

Abstract
Different natural gas engine technologies can be applied for commercial vehicles and those investigated in the HDGAS project are:"br" - Positive ignition natural gas engine with direct injection"br" - Dual fuel natural gas engine (premixed gas and pilot diesel injection)"br" - High pressure gas injection with pilot diesel injection"br" This paper will describe the challenges and solutions of the different engine concepts in combination with LNG tank systems in respect of"br" - Greenhouse gas reduction potential including measures to improve gas engine efficiency"br" - Emission compliance to EU VI
Abstract
Different natural gas engine technologies can be applied for commercial vehicles and those investigated in the HDGAS project are:"br" - Positive ignition natural gas engine [...]
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Social innovations for transitioning towards sustainable mobility
P. Wagner

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 180

Abstract
Mobility is a basic need human need, fostering personal interrelations and exchange of good. Growing mobility"br" also bears negative side effects and costs increase. In search for new mobility solutions, technological innovations"br" play a key role when it comes to electric mobility or automated driving. For a successful mobility transition, new"br" spaces for innovative forms and models of sustainable and inclusive mobility services are emerging based on"br" transition thinking. This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the scope and impact of social"br" innovations for sustainable and inclusive mobility by providing empirical evidence for shared mobility solutions"br" in rural areas in Austria. It provides evidence for the power of social innovations driven by civic engagement to"br" create local ‘niches’ and also points out limits for scaling towards systemic change.
Abstract
Mobility is a basic need human need, fostering personal interrelations and exchange of good. Growing mobility"br" also bears negative side effects and costs increase. In search [...]
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The Dialogue Workshop, a Method to Analyse the Coordination Needs Between Heterogenous Stakeholders for Risk Prevention in Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs)
S. Caroly, P. Laine, M. Malenfer, D. Gaudin

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 179

Abstract
The aim is to describe the coordination conditions between OSH advisors and professional organisations in order to develop good practices in risk prevention in MSEs. Owner-managers of MSEs often have difficulties in applying OSH legislation and a lack of time and skills for doing it. The stakeholders’ coordination develops a prevention program in two case studies conducted in both the road transport and construction sectors. Discussion groups were conducted during a one-day dialogue workshop with different stakeholders (OSH regulators, OSH advisors, professional organisations, worker and employer representations) of these programs. The cooperation between professional organisations and OSH advisors seems necessary to develop a proactive approach and to create a specific program, considering the particular needs of the professional branch.
Abstract
The aim is to describe the coordination conditions between OSH advisors and professional organisations in order to develop good practices in risk prevention in MSEs. Owner-managers [...]
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Modelling range extension of electric vehicles using dynamic wireless power transfer
M. Emre, A. Stevens, D. Naberezhnykh

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 178

Abstract
The limited range of electric vehicles (EVs) is frequently quoted as one of the main impediments to their widespread adoption. One promising technological solution to this is Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT) whereby coils within the road surface transfer energy to moving vehicles (providing motive power or charging on-board batteries). This paper reviews what has been suggested as an acceptable range for an EV and then uses published data on DWPT performance to develop a model for estimating how much of a road network needs to be equipped with DWPT technology to satisfy specific range requirements. In one typical “long journey” scenario, approximately 66% of the network would need to be equipped. Other scenarios are presented and sensitivity analysis of the model’s key parameters is explored. Finally, a series of recommendations are made for optimising DWPT provision.
Abstract
The limited range of electric vehicles (EVs) is frequently quoted as one of the main impediments to their widespread adoption. One promising technological solution to this [...]
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Using Grouped Linear Prediction and Accelerated Reinforcement Learning for Online Content Caching
M. Tao, N. Zhang, K. Zheng

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 177

Abstract
Proactive caching is an effective way to alleviate peak-hour traffic congestion by prefetching popular contents at the wireless network edge. To maximize the caching efficiency requires the knowledge of content popularity profile, which however is often unavailable in advance. In this paper, we first propose a new linear prediction model, named grouped linear model (GLM) to estimate the future content requests based on historical data. Unlike many existing works that assumed the static content popularity profile, our model can adapt to the temporal variation of the content popularity in practical systems due to the arrival of new contents and dynamics of user preference. Based on the predicted content requests, we then propose a reinforcement learning approach with model-free acceleration (RLMA) for online cache replacement by taking into account both the cache hits and replacement cost. This approach accelerates the learning process in non-stationary environment by generating imaginary samples for Q-value updates. Numerical results based on real-world traces show that the proposed prediction and learning based online caching policy outperform all considered existing schemes. Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, ICC 2018 worksho
Abstract
Proactive caching is an effective way to alleviate peak-hour traffic congestion by prefetching popular contents at the wireless network edge. To maximize the caching efficiency [...]
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Optimal Day-Ahead Energy and Reserve Bidding Strategy of a Risk-Averse Electric Vehicle Aggregator in the Nordic Market
L. Söder, J. Dalton, L. Herre

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 94

Abstract
Electric vehicles (EV) can be considered as energy storage with availability, energy and capacity constraints that can provide flexibility to the power system in the form of balancing products when aggregated. In this paper, we develop a two-stage stochastic optimization problem that maximizes the profit of a risk-averse EV aggregator for bids on the day ahead in both energy and Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR) markets. Unidirectional charging is examined, while we take into account uncertainty from prices and vehicle availability. Case studies are carried out in different Nordic bidding areas based on historical EV charging data. We identify a strong temporal alignment of EV availability and high FCR-N prices. Results show that consumption is shifted largely towards early hours of the morning. When compared to a reference cost of charging case, up to 50% of the cost of charging can be recovered in Norway, and 100% in Sweden. "p"QC 20190710. QC 20191203
Abstract
Electric vehicles (EV) can be considered as energy storage with availability, energy and capacity constraints that can provide flexibility to the power system in the form [...]
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Multi-objective fuzzy rule-based prediction and uncertainty quantification of aircraft taxi time
M. Mahfouf, M. Weiszer, E. Zareian, O. Obajemu, J. Chen

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 175

Abstract
The ever growing air traffic demand and highly connected air transportation networks put considerable pressure for the sector to optimise air traffic management (ATM) related performances and develop robust ATM systems. Recent efforts made in accurate aircraft taxi time prediction have shown significant advancement in generating more efficient taxi routes and schedules, benefiting other key airside operations, such as runway sequencing and gate assignment. However, little study has been devoted to quantification of uncertainty associated with taxiing aircraft. Routes and schedules generated based on deterministic and accurate taxi time prediction for an aircraft may not be resilient under uncertainties due to factors such as varying weather conditions, operational scenarios and pilot behaviours, impairing system-wide performance as taxi delays can propagate throughout the network. Therefore, the primary aim of this paper is to utilise multi-objective fuzzy rule-based systems to better quantify such uncertainties based on historic aircraft taxiing data. Preliminary results reveals that the proposed approach can capture uncertainty in a more informative way, and hence represents a promising tool to further develop robust taxi planning to reduce delays due to uncertain taxi times.
Abstract
The ever growing air traffic demand and highly connected air transportation networks put considerable pressure for the sector to optimise air traffic management (ATM) related [...]
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THE IMPLICATION OF AIRLINES DEREGULATION IN THE END OF THE 20TH CENTURY ON INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT SCHEDULE IN INDONESIA
T. Tiarto

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 174
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Automated Data-Driven Prediction on Aircraft Estimated Time of Arrival
Z. Wang, M. Liang, D. Delahaye

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 173

Abstract
This paper is an extension of work originally reported in SESAR Innovation Days 2018 : Zhengyi Wang, Man Liang, Daniel Delahaye. Automated Data-Driven Prediction on Aircraft Estimated Time of Arrival. SID 2018, 8th Sesar Innovations Days, Dec 2018, Salzburg, Austria. ⟨hal-01944608⟩; International audience; 4D trajectory prediction is the core element of the future air transportation system. It aims to improve the operational ability and the predictability of air traffic. In this paper, a novel automated data-driven framework to deal with the prediction of Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) on the runway at the entry point of Terminal Manoeuvring Area (TMA) is introduced. The proposed framework mainly consists of data preprocessing and machine learning models. Firstly, the dataset is divided, analyzed, cleaned, and estimated. Then, the flights are clustered into partitions according to different runway-in-use (QFU). Several candidate machine learning models are trained and selected on the corresponding dataset of each QFU. Feature engineering is conducted to transform raw data into features. After that, the experiments are performed on real ADS-B data in Beijing TMA with nested cross validation. By comparing the prediction performance on the preprocessed and un-preprocessed datasets, the results demonstrate that the proposed data preprocessing is able to improve the data quality. It is also robust to outliers, missing data, and noise. Finally, an ensemble learning strategy named stacking is introduced. Compared to other individual models, the stacked model has a more complex structure and performs best in ETA prediction. This fact reveals that the framework proposed in this study could make accurate and reliable ETA predictions.
Abstract
This paper is an extension of work originally reported in SESAR Innovation Days 2018 : Zhengyi Wang, Man Liang, Daniel Delahaye. Automated Data-Driven Prediction on Aircraft [...]
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Mapping-based solutions for an improved accessibility in SNCF railway stations
D. Sanz, C. Durupt, C. Guérin, N. Renoir, C. Reutenauer, P. Ung

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 172

Abstract
Whilst crossing a railway station to take a train seems rather easy for most people, it can be an obstacle course for a lot, in particular for older and disabled people: How to avoid escalators and how to reach the right train carriage when being blind? How to find the nearest working lift when being in a wheelchair? How to avoid stairs when getting around on crutches?"br" Improving passenger’s navigation in railway stations and building accessibility services need map databases which include accessibility-related information."br" In this paper, SNCF surveys results on passengers’ needs are shown in the first place. Then, pros and cons of different semantic enrichment approaches of spatial databases are discussed, before introducing current SNCF innovative projects using these databases. Conclusively, lessons learned from tests conducted by SNCF with targeted customers’ panels are presented.
Abstract
Whilst crossing a railway station to take a train seems rather easy for most people, it can be an obstacle course for a lot, in particular for older and disabled people: How [...]
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“UNFORTUNATELY, I USE MY CAR”: COMMUTER TRANSPORT CHOICES IN BRISTOL, UK
G. Passerini, J. Barnes, J. Longhurst, G. Perillo, C. BOUSHEL, J. BARNES, T. CHATTERTON, L. DE VITO, A. EDWARDS, L. ROGERS, M. LEACH, E. PRESTWOOD, E. HAYES

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 171

Abstract
© 2018 WIT Press. The leading source of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations in Bristol, United Kingdom is road transport, and Bristol exceeds the annual mean national air quality objective of 40 µg/m3 for NO2 in many locations around the city. Understanding the reasons for residents' modal choice is an important element in managing air quality in the city. The ClairCity Project approach provides insight into how to reduce overall transport demand and identify incentives that will be effective in creating modal switch away from higher polluting private motorised vehicles. From the ClairCity Project survey subset of commuters (n=442), 45% of respondents used cars or vans at least occasionally for their journey to work, with 28% of the total number of commuters relying exclusively on private motorised transport. The majority of these car users (65.6%) said they would prefer not to travel by car to work in the future. Their responses showed a mix of negative perceptions of public transport, geography and health as key motivations. Family responsibilities, lack of safe cycling and walking spaces, poor health and disability, distance, requirements to transport goods as well as themselves and the need for flexibility were all given as barriers to modal switching. This suggests that for car commuters, well-targeted policy interventions could provide practical alternatives that would appeal to those who currently rely on private motorised transport. Understanding citizens' perceptions, behaviours and activities is a key element in decision-making to reduce transport related air quality emissions and concentrations.
Abstract
© 2018 WIT Press. The leading source of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations in Bristol, United Kingdom is road transport, and Bristol exceeds the annual mean national air [...]
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Energy Consumption Optimization and Vehicle Dynamics Performance Improvement for a Scalable P-HEV e-AWD Power Split Architecture to be Validated on a B-Segment Vehicle
P. Prieto, E. Trancho, I. Real, M. Allende, D. Roiu, R. Marco, V. Ravello

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 170

Abstract
In this paper, a novel high level control-management strategy and architecture for plug-in hybrid complex hybrid vehicles energy consumption optimization and vehicle dynamics improvements is presented. A virtual Hardware in the Loop strategy is used for Vehicle Framework modelling, ensuring a high fidelity forward vehicle model. The propulsion architecture consists of a combination of two electric motor based e-drives and one Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). One e-motor is coupled with the ICE at the front axle by means of a modified belt system while the other one powers the rear axle through an integrated single speed transmission with disconnect. This architecture allows multiple operation modes: combinations of serial/parallel/split hybridization and full electric, providing e-4WD capability. Hybrid control strategies combining heuristic methods and optimization techniques are proposed to manage the power distribution between the Internal Combustion Engine and the electrical machine. In addition, an electronic horizon consisting of a smart energy management algorithm to enable predictive control hybrid strategies is presented. This uses information from vehicle sensors together with web services to extract information like traffic, weather, route inclination etc. All the information is used a-priori to optimize the energy management by using the best hybrid powertrain strategy and/or control large power electrical loads.
Abstract
In this paper, a novel high level control-management strategy and architecture for plug-in hybrid complex hybrid vehicles energy consumption optimization and vehicle dynamics [...]
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Thermal runaway and battery fire: comparison of Li-ion, Ni-MH and sealed lead-acid batteries
A. Golubkov, R. Planteu, B. Rasch, C. Essl, A. Thaler, V. Hacker

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 169

Abstract
Rechargeable batteries are a key component for sustainable mobility. The last years showed a significant reduction of price and increase in energy density of Li-ion batteries for electric vehicles. Unfortunately, batteries with high energy density can be source of hazard. Recently, burning Li-ion batteries of mobile-phones got a lot of negative attention in the media."br" In the first part of the paper we review the hazards of conventional Ni-MH and sealed lead-acid batteries. In the second part we focus on Li-ion batteries: we introduce different cell geometries and electrode types, we show a test-stand designed to measure thermal runaway characteristics in our laboratory and finally we conclude with results of a real thermal runaway experiment.
Abstract
Rechargeable batteries are a key component for sustainable mobility. The last years showed a significant reduction of price and increase in energy density of Li-ion batteries [...]
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Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Fair Gain Sharing in Trusted Collaborative Transport Networks
B. Oussoren, D. Inghels, W. Dullaert, T. Steendam, R. Boute

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 168

Abstract
We present the application of market-driven methodologies developed within the EU-funded NexTrust project to"br" reduce greenhouse gases in logistics through horizontal supply chain collaboration by building trusted networks."br" In this paper, we report how we measure the reduction in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions with a uniform and"br" globally endorsed GHG calculation methodology, recently proposed by the Global Logistics Emission Council"br" (GLEC), in order to increase market acceptance of emission calculation guidelines at collaborative parties. To"br" the best of our knowledge, we are among the first to apply and test the recently proposed GLEC framework to"br" assess GHG emissions in a real-life collaborative trusted setting. At the same time we set the baseline for future"br" fair gain sharing calculations. A linear allocation methodology is proposed to share the gains in GHG emissions"br" driven by the each company’s stand-alone performance. Our methodology takes into account previous synergies"br" and efficiencies as well as contribution to the network, while guaranteeing each individual partner’s fair share of"br" the gain.
Abstract
We present the application of market-driven methodologies developed within the EU-funded NexTrust project to"br" reduce greenhouse gases in logistics through horizontal supply [...]
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A passenger flow oriented security and safety approach in international railway stations
S. Collart-Dutilleul, S. Maurer, P. Bon, P. Kaul

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 167

Abstract
TRA 2018, 7th Transport Research Arena, Vienne, AUTRICHE, 16-/04/2018 - 19/04/2018; In the context of the Franco-German research project Re(h)strain, this work focuses on a global system analysis integrating both safety and security analysis of international and/or urban railway stations. The Re(h)strain project focuses on terrorist attacks on high speed train systems and investigates prevention and mitigation measures to reduce the overall vulnerability and strengthen the system resilience. One main criterion regarding public transport issues is the number of passengers. For example, the railway station of Paris 'Gare du Nord' deals with a bigger number of passengers than the biggest airport in the world (SNCF open Data 2014), the Atlanta airport, but in terms of passengers, it is only around the 23rd rank railway station in the world. Due to the enormous mass of people, this leads to the system approach of breaking out the station into several classes of zones, e.g. entrance, main hall, quays, trains, etc. All classes are analysed considering state-of-the-art parameters, like targets attractiveness, feasibility of attack, possible damage, possible mitigation and defences. Then, safety incidence of security defence is discussed in order to refine security requirement with regard to the considered zone. Finally, global requirements of security defence correlated to the corresponding class of zones are proposed. A case study based on the works in Re(h)strain is used as an illustration to demonstrate how the above-mentioned security and safety requirements may be implemented and handled at train stations. Therefore, the different security measures proposed for an unaffected flow of passengers are correlated to existing ones, such as video surveillance and security personal patrolling. The results of sensor set-ups realised within the project and tested in real environment show new ways of implementing innovative techniques to security applications. Depending on the technology, sensor portals at the entrances of train stations or sensor nodes distributed throughout the station increase the level of protection achievable for the detection of threats as part of preventive security concepts. The fusion of data gained by different sensor systems, including person-tracking by non-visual object recognition and trailing, enables a core function of a security assistance system. This assistance system makes security personnel aware of threats and the location of possible carriers of suspicious material as a prior condition to successful intervention measures. The high level of automation reduces human intervention to a minimum. In the conclusion it will be recommended to think of international railway stations as complex interconnected systems which are made for sharing traffic flows. It means that thinking about local solutions may produce safety problems to connected zones due to possible overcrowding. Document type: Conference object
Abstract
TRA 2018, 7th Transport Research Arena, Vienne, AUTRICHE, 16-/04/2018 - 19/04/2018; In the context of the Franco-German research project Re(h)strain, this work focuses on [...]
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Road riding hazardous situations for motorcycles
C. Naude, T. Serre, C. Perrin, M. Guilbot, V. LEDOUX

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 166

Abstract
TRA 2018, 7th Transport Research Arena, Vienne, AUTRICHE, 16-/04/2018 - 19/04/2018; The decrease of road accidents these recent years has induced the interest to work on road driving hazardous situations called incidents. Otherwise, in France, users of Power Two-Wheeler (PTW) are less than 2% of traffic but, in the accidents represent 43% of serious injuries and 23% of killed persons. This paper provides a descriptive analysis of the incident database acquired during one year with a fleet of 30 motorcycles and a few cars equipped with an Event Data Recorder. The objective is to acquire knowledge on their accident mechanisms and improve their safety. For the 395 motorbikes' and 32 cars' incidents collected, the analysis of the triggering criteria, the dynamics parameters and the road configurations illustrates the great variety of situations and shows how the behaviours of riders are different from those of car drivers. The investigations on the causes of the incidents indicate that the more frequent cause is the driver (94%), but the road environment and the other road users could have been involved in 40% of the cases each.; La baisse du nombre d'accidents de la route de ces dernières années a amené les chercheurs à s'intéresser aux situations de conduite critiques que l'on appelle des incidents. Par ailleurs, en France, les usagers de deux roues motorisés représentent moins de 2% du trafic, et pourtant 43% des blessés graves et 23% des décès sur la route. Ce papier propose une analyse descriptive de la base de données des incidents recueillis pendant un an sur une flotte de 30 motos et quelques voitures équipées d'enregistreur de données de la route. L'objectif était d'acquérir des connaissances sur leurs mécanismes d'accident et d'améliorer leur sécurité. Pour les 395 incidents de 2-roues et les 32 incidents de voitures, l'analyse des critères de déclenchement, des paramètres de la dynamique du véhicule et des configurations de la route illustre la grande variété des situations et montre les différences de comportement des motards par rapport aux automobilistes. Les investigations sur les causes des incidents indiquent que la cause la plus fréquente est liée au conducteur, mais l'environnement et les autres usagers pourraient être impliqués dans 40% des cas.
Abstract
TRA 2018, 7th Transport Research Arena, Vienne, AUTRICHE, 16-/04/2018 - 19/04/2018; The decrease of road accidents these recent years has induced the interest to work on road [...]
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An Open Data Taxonomy for Support Rail Asset Management
T. Hartmann, L. Ungureanu, E. Borun, D. Harasymczuk

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 165

Abstract
The paper will provide a taxonomy of freely available European open data types and sources that are potentially related to support asset management activities which aim at improving the global safety of railway networks. The taxonomy was developed exploring available data sources within several European countries and generalizing different major categories of data that is available. Specifically, the taxonomy organizes the available open data sources into the domains of transport, energy, disaster, industry, natural resources, environment, administrative, climate, and demography. Each of these categories contain different branches of sub-categories ending in leave nodes representing specific types of data sets available openly within European jurisdictions. The taxonomy forms the first step in developing a linked open data information management system for the GoSafe Shift2Rail project. In combination with the closed information available at network managers this information management system can then be used as input for probabilistic risk assessment and the risk based ranking of assets that will be provided by GoSafe's Network Decision Support Tool.
Abstract
The paper will provide a taxonomy of freely available European open data types and sources that are potentially related to support asset management activities which aim at [...]
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Emissions Race SSS vs. ROAD - Road versus Short Sea Shipping (SSS): updating the 2008 comparison of emissions between modes
V. Kris

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 164

Abstract
In 2008, we compared emissions from road transport and SSS on specific routes in Vanherle (2010). The comparison of the three case studies showed how performance can differ depending on case specificities (ship type/size, route length,…), but also in what way performance was similar regardless of the differences of the 3 cases. We concluded SSS performed better than road transport in terms of CO2 and vice versa for SO2 and PM. In the past 8 years, various policies have come into effect to further reduce emissions from both modes. We find that on CO2 both road and SSS have slightly improved performance in 2016 compared to 2008. Both modes have reduced emissions of other pollutants in 2016 compared to 2008; the improvement in SSS is significantly larger than road with dramatic improvements for SO2 (up to factor 20 better), PM (up to factor 10 better) and NOx (factor 3-4 better). SSS now scores better than road transport in terms of CO2 emissions, equally well in terms of NOx and PM emissions, and worse in terms of SO2 emissions.
Abstract
In 2008, we compared emissions from road transport and SSS on specific routes in Vanherle (2010). The comparison of the three case studies showed how performance can differ [...]
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Estimation of Driver's Risk Awareness from Physiological Data for Smart Assistance Systems
J. Lenk, G. Weller, A. Lüdtke, C. Strümpler

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 163

Abstract
utomated and semi-automated maneuvering will have to be monitored by the driver. To fulfil this task, the driver needs to have adequate risk awareness, which should represent the actual risk of the maneuver within the traffic situation. This work aims at deriving a model of driver’s risk awareness from physiological measurements and traffic context, which were acquired from simulator experiments. Given these prerequisites, a Bayesian Network may be postulated and trained with the data to estimate the risk awareness as internal driver’s state. The results of our study show the general feasibility of our approach. Future assistance systems may take this information and adapt to the user’s risk awareness accordingly.
Abstract
utomated and semi-automated maneuvering will have to be monitored by the driver. To fulfil this task, the driver needs to have adequate risk awareness, which should represent [...]
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The use of non intrusive monitoring for slope stability assessments
M. Car, I. Stipanovic, K. Gavin, M. Kovacevic

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 162

Abstract
In the last decades frequent abrupt changes of weather conditions have been increasingly causing failures on the transport infrastructure network. These failures can take many forms with toppling of rock slopes and rainfall induced landslides in slopes being the most common form of failure. This paper presents the use of remote monitoring system by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for slope stability assessment."br" Traditional mapping methods, usually based on visual assessments and personnel walking along the line being examined, can oversee important information, such as land use changes at the crest, the condition of drains and presence of cracks etc., while also exposed to very risky situations in the case of high or steep slopes. Information collected about the volume, cross-sections, contours and other parameters needed in the rock fall or landslide engineering analysis, can be modified, improved, and even completely replaced, by means of UAVs, or so called drones. Drones fitted with high-resolution cameras are enabling a more detailed inspection to be carried out, in order to remotely monitor the condition of a soil or rock slopes."br" The possibility of using drones for evaluating condition of the transport infrastructure network, with an emphasis on their advantages and disadvantages, is presented in the paper. The paper discussed demonstration sites in Croatia that have been used for the evaluation of the technique, together with the implementation of geophysical and geotechnical investigations of open tracks. Software developed at University of Zagreb, is using transformed digital data (3D orthographic images of the slopes) for the stability analysis and for the quantitative hazard assessment.
Abstract
In the last decades frequent abrupt changes of weather conditions have been increasingly causing failures on the transport infrastructure network. These failures can take [...]
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Rheological properties of materials used in bridge asphalt pavement structures
P. Radziszewski, P. Pokorski, M. Sarnowski

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 161

Abstract
One of the elements that determine the durability of bridge structures is the bridge pavement. The durability of"br" bridge pavements depends on two main factors: traffic load and climatic conditions. Bridge deck surfaces might"br" exceptionally become exposed to extreme low and high temperature conditions. Stresses and strains in this type"br" of construction are different from those of the road surfaces located on the soil. Bituminous binders and asphalt"br" mixtures are thermoplastic components of waterproofing layers and surfacing. Their properties vary depending on"br" the temperature. This paper presents the laboratory test results of rheological properties of asphalt mixtures for"br" bridge pavements. The research plan included typically used asphalt mixtures - asphalt concrete (AC), stone mastic"br" asphalt (SMA) and mastic asphalt (MA). A new type of mixtures, stone mastic asphalt with high grit content SMAMA,"br" were also tested. Paper presents test procedure for determining the stiffness of asphalt mixtures on cylindrical"br" samples. Samples preparation and test method of direct tension–compression on cylindrical specimens (DTC-CY)"br" were discussed. The selected results of dynamic modulus and phase angle at different temperatures and varied"br" frequencies were presented. These parameters describe the visco-elastic properties which determine the durability"br" of bridge pavements. The results were presented as a leading curves, black curves and Cole-Cole graphs. A"br" comparison of the results of asphalt mixtures with the results of binder in dynamic shear rheometer DSR was"br" performed. The functional evaluation of the asphalt mixtures was extended for fatigue life test and rutting"br" resistance. The results of conducted research proved that the types of asphalt mixture affect the viscoelastic"br" properties and durability of bridge pavements.
Abstract
One of the elements that determine the durability of bridge structures is the bridge pavement. The durability of"br" bridge pavements depends on two main factors: traffic [...]
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Rail freight automation in Shift2Rail – Development of prototypes
N. Kahl, N. Weigelt, A. Mazzone

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 160

Abstract
The Shift2Rail pillar “Technologies for attractive and sustainable European Freight” (IP5) has a clear target"br" vision, which can be summarized in two words: Digitization & Automation. The IP5 members want to speed up"br" the digital transformation and automation of rail freight to ultimately gain market share in the competitive race"br" with other modes of transport. In order to advance automation, multiple projects have been launched under"br" funding. Two key technology demonstrators are presented in this paper:"br" 1. Semi-Automated Operation with Distributed Power Systems (DPS) for efficient Master-Slave"br" Operation, e.g. push-pull operation or in long and heavy trains up to 1,500 m"br" 2. Automatic Train Operation (ATO) with Obstacle Detection (OD) on network sections with European"br" Train Control System (ETCS) from Level 2 upward
Abstract
The Shift2Rail pillar “Technologies for attractive and sustainable European Freight” (IP5) has a clear target"br" vision, which can be summarized in two words: Digitization [...]
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HelyOS - Highly Efficient Online Yard Operating System
G. Nitzsche, S. Wagner, N. Belov

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 85

Abstract
The paper introduces a new control centre software approach for gated areas, called helyOS. This software is currently developed in different projects. Its first-time application is the fully automated, electrically driven AutoTruck. After a general introduction of the application domain the paper describes the AutoTruck vehicle, the architecture as well as capabilities and features of helyOS and introduces an exemplary user interface for distribution centres.
Abstract
The paper introduces a new control centre software approach for gated areas, called helyOS. This software is currently developed in different projects. Its first-time application [...]
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Traffic Management as a Service
I. Semanjski, S. Gautama, S. Hendrikse

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 84

Abstract
This paper presents Traffic Management as a Service (TMaaS), a neutral traffic management framework for urban mobility aimed at small and medium-sized cities. It accepts and connects multimodal data and services from different parties for monitoring, analysis and management and allows flexible adaptation and on-demand use of the system. TMaaS is an open urban traffic management marketplace that enables third parties to generate innovative solutions and business models and encourages citizen participation and co-creation in urban mobility. TMaaS is currently being demonstrated in real-use cases for the City of Ghent, a medium-sized city in Belgium. Selected replicator cities will be included in 2020.
Abstract
This paper presents Traffic Management as a Service (TMaaS), a neutral traffic management framework for urban mobility aimed at small and medium-sized cities. It accepts and [...]
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First Demonstration of Single-Mode MCF Transport Network with Crosstalk-Aware In-Service Optical Channel Control
S. Alam, C. Castro, K. Aikawa, M. Nooruzzaman, Y. Sasaki, Y. Miyamoto, T. Tanaka, Y. Jung, I. Akira, T. Morioka, M. Bohn, Y. Amma, D. Richardson, T. Mizuno, K. Pulverer, T. Inui, K. Shibahara, S. Jain, U. Habel

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 159

Abstract
We demonstrate the first crosstalk-aware traffic engineering as a use case in a multicore fibre transport network. With the help of a software-defined network controller, modulation format and channel route are adaptively changed using programmable devices with XT monitors.
Abstract
We demonstrate the first crosstalk-aware traffic engineering as a use case in a multicore fibre transport network. With the help of a software-defined network controller, [...]
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Robust control of railway traction electric drive systems in terms of energy efficiency
İ. Mutlu, E. Dincel, M. Canevi, M. Söylemez

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 158

Abstract
In this study, firstly, the model of railway traction electric drive systems is derived analytically along with the indirect vector control approach. In such systems, there are several disturbance and uncertainty sources like varying total weight, weight distribution, environmental conditions, voltage irregularities etc. Furthermore, resistive forces that is based on curve and grade topology, tunnel effects, velocity and aerodynamics of trains directly affects the motion control problem. In order to overcome such difficulties, a new robust pole placement approach is proposed for the speed control of such systems considering the total resistive forces, the possible uncertainties that may occur. The proposed approach is based on affine linear polynomials and D-stability. A conversion is also possible from PID type controllers to PI-PD cascade controller structure in order to eliminate the effects of undesired open loop zeros. Using the proposed approach, it becomes possible to guarantee certain predetermined performance criteria corresponding to a robust performance with energy efficiency. Additionally, correctness and effectiveness of the derived theoretical results are verified via a case study.
Abstract
In this study, firstly, the model of railway traction electric drive systems is derived analytically along with the indirect vector control approach. In such systems, there [...]
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Assessing the robustness of Dutch Inland Ports
P. Taneja, M. Dekker, C. van Dorsser, T. Vellinga

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2019). Vol. 2019, 81

Abstract
In the present turbulent environment highlighted by energy transition, disruptive technology, and climate change impacts, adaptability and robustness are essential in long-term planning of infrastructures. This also applies to inland ports, which play an important role in the Dutch transport system. Inland ports have three major functions, i.e., transfer of goods, storage of goods, and eventually, facilitating (industrial) production of goods. A well-functioning inland port can contribute to efficient supply chains by offering multi-modal capabilities and value-added services, and importantly, contribute to a modal shift from road to environmentally friendly inland shipping.
Abstract
In the present turbulent environment highlighted by energy transition, disruptive technology, and climate change impacts, adaptability and robustness are essential in long-term [...]
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ST4RT – Semantic Transformations for Rail Transportation
A. Carenini, U. Dell'Arciprete, S. Gogos, M. Kallehbasti, M. Rossi, R. Santoro

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 157

Abstract
The lack of interoperability between different transport modes is a barrier to the modal shift towards green modes of transport such as rail, on its own or as a backbone of an integrated mobility system, as well as the deployment of a Single European Transport Area. The ST4RT (Semantic Transformations for Rail Transportation) project aims at developing a demonstrator for a component that allows services relying on different standards to interoperate. This is achieved through the implementation of techniques for the automated transformation of messages across standards which are based on semantically-rich data. This paper presents some of the results achieved by the ST4RT project, and delineates its forthcoming contributions. ST4RT will contribute components to the Interoperability Framework which is at the core of the fourth Innovation Programme (IP4) of Shift2Rail.
Abstract
The lack of interoperability between different transport modes is a barrier to the modal shift towards green modes of transport such as rail, on its own or as a backbone of [...]
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Operationalizing risk-based decision support to improve the management of transport infrastructure networks
C. Fuggini, I. Tesfai, P. Basso, C. Pani, R. Colciago, A. Zuanetti, M. Gaddes, F. Gennaro

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 156

Abstract
vities performed through the life-cycle of a transport infrastructure may be negatively affected by a"br" substantial number of different risks. These risks may dramatically increase costs and cause significant delays"br" while negatively affecting the quality of services provided and overall efficiency. This paper introduces riskbased"br" approaches and solutions to enable, from an operational point of view, decision support in various aspects"br" and topics during the whole life-cycle of an infrastructure project, from design to operation and maintenance"br" stages. The main objective of this work is to provide a specific Operational Risk Strategy (ORS), to be"br" implemented in a specific risk-based tool, able to optimize how the Infrastructure Managers (IMs) and Operators"br" (IOs) manage the network and to guarantee them the adequate knowledge and resources to timely and effectively"br" react to potential risks that might arise. Implementing the proposed ORS will definitely result in a better"br" management of the available resources, towards a safer, more resilient and more productive Transport"br" Infrastructure (TI) network.
Abstract
vities performed through the life-cycle of a transport infrastructure may be negatively affected by a"br" substantial number of different risks. These risks may dramatically [...]
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Risk analysis of gas distribution pipelines in apartments using the event tree analysis method
H. Hermansyah, M. Hidayat

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 155

Abstract
During operation of gas pipelines hazards are found that can lead to failure of pipelines, including of gas distribution networks in apartments. However, research on risk analysis of gas distribution pipelines in apartments has not been widely reported. The present study represented a step toward filling in that gap; its purpose was to analyze risks in gas distribution pipelines in apartment scenario using event tree analysis method. Risk factors for gas distribution pipelines are expressed in terms of consequences and probabilities. Event tree analysis involves, first, identifying scenarios, then identifying pivotal events, constructing an event tree diagram, obtaining event failure rates and calculating risk probability. Risk level is rated as negligible, tolerable or intolerable. Results of this study show that all observed risk levels are intolerable. Even in a small-scale leakage scenario, it is likely to result in fire and severe casualties with probability value 2.6x10−3. In order to reduce the risk, gas detectors and heat/smoke detectors should be used in apartments.During operation of gas pipelines hazards are found that can lead to failure of pipelines, including of gas distribution networks in apartments. However, research on risk analysis of gas distribution pipelines in apartments has not been widely reported. The present study represented a step toward filling in that gap; its purpose was to analyze risks in gas distribution pipelines in apartment scenario using event tree analysis method. Risk factors for gas distribution pipelines are expressed in terms of consequences and probabilities. Event tree analysis involves, first, identifying scenarios, then identifying pivotal events, constructing an event tree diagram, obtaining event failure rates and calculating risk probability. Risk level is rated as negligible, tolerable or intolerable. Results of this study show that all observed risk levels are intolerable. Even in a small-scale leakage scenario, it is likely to result in fire and severe casualties with probability value 2.6x10−3. In order to reduce the ris...
Abstract
During operation of gas pipelines hazards are found that can lead to failure of pipelines, including of gas distribution networks in apartments. However, research on risk [...]
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Ticket sharing – a model for a sharing tariff in public transport
F. Lambrecht, C. Sommer

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 153

Abstract
out 85% of the daily trips start or end at home. The decision to go by foot, bicycle or car, or to travel by public transport is reached at the residence and depends on the housing situation. Sharing offers for cars and bicycles have proved to be successful in traffic management. However, it doesn’t matter yet for public transport. For this reason, so called ticket sharing was developed as a model for a better connection of housing and public transport. Residents from a housing area are provided with transferable season tickets that can be borrowed as required and are shared with all users. The developed ticket sharing model is implemented in a pilot project in the “Lincoln-Siedlung” in Darmstadt (Germany). At first, the specific conditions of the housing area and public transport were investigated. Furthermore, the tenants were interviewed about their attitudes towards public transport as well as their mobility needs. Important factors like pricing, number of required tickets etc. were fixed with the results.
Abstract
out 85% of the daily trips start or end at home. The decision to go by foot, bicycle or car, or to travel by public transport is reached at the residence and depends on the [...]
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Analytical Approach to Determining Factors that Influence Wheelchair Occupant Kinematics during a Railway Vehicle Crash
E. Matsika, Q. Peng

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 152

Abstract
Design-for-accessibility is becoming a global requirement. While much has been done to achieve high levels of accessibility in rail transportation, not much has been done to improve the safety of these vulnerable users in the event of heavy braking and, in a worse case, crash. The kinematics that ensues after the crash governs the secondary collision characteristics, injury mechanism and ultimately injury severity. Fundamental analytical understanding of the factors that influence crash occupant motion is required to ensure kinematics that has reasonable accuracy. This is key in providing well informed and accurate input data and establishing realistic boundary condition; particularly when commercial software is applied like a ‘black box’ without delving into the fundamental dynamics behaviour. The general wheelchair occupant kinematic model presented in this paper is initially based on the ideal condition for safety as applied in road vehicles. The data and information obtained from the model equations are, however, invaluable to providing input data and boundary conditions that result in more realistic commercial software FE model results.
Abstract
Design-for-accessibility is becoming a global requirement. While much has been done to achieve high levels of accessibility in rail transportation, not much has been done [...]
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Development of a Climate Adaptation Strategy for the InnovA58 highway in the Netherlands
M. Leijstra, K. Muiswinkel, W. Leendertse, T. Bles

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 151

Abstract
Due to climate change, more frequent and extreme weather events will lead to extreme heat, drought and"br" precipitation. This may affect the functionality of (federal) highways and therefore pose a risk for safety and"br" traffic flow. As the asset manager of the main road system in The Netherlands, Rijkswaterstaat has to ensure that"br" road networks continue their operational functions, both now and in the future. Therefore adaptation strategies"br" are needed to develop and maintain climate resilient infrastructure, integrated in the environment. To develop"br" such a strategy, the ROADAPT methodology - developed in response to the ‘CEDR call 2012: Road owners"br" adapting to climate change’ – and Dynamic Adaptation Policy Pathways were tested on a planned Dutch"br" highway project, InnovA58. This paper elaborates on this test and derives lessons for broader application. By"br" this paper the authors wish to contribute to the discussion about creating climate resilient road infrastructure as"br" integral part of their environment.
Abstract
Due to climate change, more frequent and extreme weather events will lead to extreme heat, drought and"br" precipitation. This may affect the functionality of (federal) highways [...]
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RAMSSES – Realisation and Demonstration of Advanced Material Solutions for Sustainable and Efficient Ships
M. Krause, F. Roland, C. Cau

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2018). Vol. 2018, 150

Abstract
The RAMSSES project aims to show the benefits of advanced materials in maritime applications by implementing 13 market driven demo cases. The entire process chain and a wide range of applications (structural components, equipment, ship integration, repair) are covered. Installation and assessment of demonstrators on shore or on board will reveal the high technology readiness. The test program, based on risk assessment and supervised by rule making bodies, targets on ensuring relevance for commercial approval beyond the project. While demonstrators will support commercialisation of specific products, RAMSSES is also engaged strategically in enabling more rapid and agile material innovation in the European Maritime industry. The first key element is a knowledge repository for test data and best practice procedures, allowing reuse of such information for similar future cases. Secondly, standardised risk scenarios will help easing approval processes in the future, and finally a new materials innovation platform will enhance continuous technology transfer within the maritime sector and beyond.
Abstract
The RAMSSES project aims to show the benefits of advanced materials in maritime applications by implementing 13 market driven demo cases. The entire process chain and a wide [...]
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