Documents published in 2023 : Scipedia

On the Use of Neural Networks for Inverse Problems
L. Herrmann, T. Bürchner, S. Kollmannsberger

admos2023.
- 4
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SuperAdjoint: Super-Resolution Neural Networks in Adjoint-based Output Error Estimation
T. Hunter, S. Hulsoff, A. Sitaram

admos2023.

Abstract
Numerical simulations and optimisation methods, such as mesh adaptation, rely on the accurate and inexpensive use of error estimation methods. Adjoint-based error estimation is the most accurate method, and generally the most costly. A strong contributor to this cost is the need to compute a higher resolution adjoint solution, using time dependent information. Here, recontruction methods applied to the primal and adjoint solutions are proposed to alleviate both the storage footprint of the primal problem and the adjoint computational cost. The method is compared to reference error estimators on an unsteady Burgers’ equation using the method of manufactured solutions. Two reconstruction methods, a proper orthogonal decomposition and a static convolutional neural network were used to demonstrate both the computational cost reduction and the potential for the reduction of the storage footprint of the primal problem. When reconstruction methods are applied to the primal problem, one can use both proposed approaches to reduce the footprint of the solution and reconstruct the effectively compressed primal solution to be recalled for the adjoint solution. The second approach consists in solving an adjoint solution from a coarse primal solution and using reconstruction methods to obtain a higher resolution adjoint solution, necessary for output error estimation and mesh adaptation. The obtained results give great confidence in the use of reconstruction methods for the reduction of both computational cost and storage requirements of adjoint-based error estimation, and goal-oriented mesh adaptation.
Abstract
Numerical simulations and optimisation methods, such as mesh adaptation, rely on the accurate and inexpensive use of error estimation methods. Adjoint-based error estimation [...]
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A hybrid adaptive method for initial-boundary value problems
K. Mattsson, G. Eriksson, V. Stiernström, T. Ahn Dao

admos2023.
- 5
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Error Estimation for the Material Point and Particle in Cell Methods
M. Berzins

admos2023.

Abstract
The Material Point Method (MPM) is widely used for challenging applica tions in engineering, and animation. The complexity of the method makes error estimation challenging. Error analysis of a simple MPM method is undertaken and the global error is shown to be first order in space and time for a widely-used variant of the method. Computational experiments illustrate the estimated accuracy.
Abstract
The Material Point Method (MPM) is widely used for challenging applica tions in engineering, and animation. The complexity of the method makes error estimation challenging. [...]
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Real-time monitoring of additive manufacturing processes using a variational data assimilation method with model reduction and bias correction
L. Chamoin, W. Haik, Y. Maday

admos2023.
- 4
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Algal Cultivation for Bioenergy Production: First Mathematical Modelling Results in Raceways
A. Martínez, L. Alvarez-Vázquez, C. Rodríguez, M. Vázquez-Méndez

admos2023.

Abstract
The most used algae cultivation systems are the open-channel raceway ponds for their low maintenance and energy costs. Raceways allow algal cultivation using wastewater, where algae mass can be employed as source for bioenergy production. One of the main external factors influencing algal productivity is the velocity of the liquid inside the pond, that can be easily controlled by the position and/or rotational speed of the turning paddle wheel, and by the height of water. In this work we introduce a novel methodology to automate the optimization of the design of raceway ponds based on techniques of optimal control of partial differential equations. So, we formulate the problem as a control problem where the state system is given by the coupled nonlinear equations for hydrodynamics and algae/nitrogen/phosphorus concentrations, and the objective function to be maximized represents the global concentration of algae at final time. We present here a detailed, rigorous mathematical formulation of the optimal control problem, we propose a numerical algorithm for its resolution, and we show some preliminary computational results related to the numerical modelling of the problem.
Abstract
The most used algae cultivation systems are the open-channel raceway ponds for their low maintenance and energy costs. Raceways allow algal cultivation using wastewater, where [...]
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Towards a More Efficient Evacuation of Crowds by Means of an Optimal Location of Exit Doors
L. Alvarez-Vázquez, N. García-Chan, A. Martínez, C. Rodríguez, M. Vázquez-Méndez

admos2023.

Abstract
In this work we present a new strategy, employing optimal control techniques of partial differential equations, to automate the optimization of locations for a given number of exit doors at gathering places, so that the evacuation of crowds takes place in a safer and faster way. Once given a detailed mathematical formulation of the problem, in order to solve the constrained optimal control problem numerically, we propose its full discretization, with a space semi-discretization via the finite element method over a family of triangular meshes of the domain under study, and a time semi-discretization via the Euler algorithm. Finally, for the resulting discretized minimization problem, we try its optimization by means of a derivative-free algorithm. Numerical examples, corresponding to different scenarios for a real-world study case posed on “Plaza de la Liberación” (Guadalajara, Mexico), are presented and discussed to assess the effectiveness of our approach.
Abstract
In this work we present a new strategy, employing optimal control techniques of partial differential equations, to automate the optimization of locations for a given number [...]
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Accelerating model order reduction by multi-fidelity error estimation
L. Feng, L. Lombardi, G. Antonini, P. Benner

admos2023.
- 4
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D8.3 (WP8): Development of the exploitation plan
D. Bao

prodPhD OA (2023). 10

Abstract
This document presents the exploitation strategy jointly designed by the consortium as well as individual exploitation intentions of each partner organisation. It includes the actions to be carried out beyond the project lifetime to ensure that prodPhD outcomes are as widely reused as possible, including improvement of the project results, pre-commercialisation action and future exploitation ideas and intentions.
Abstract
This document presents the exploitation strategy jointly designed by the consortium as well as individual exploitation intentions of each partner organisation. It includes [...]
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D8.2 (WP8): Development of the exploitation plan
D. Bao

prodPhD OA (2023). 9

Abstract
This document presents the exploitation strategy jointly designed by the consortium as well as individual exploitation intentions of each partner organisation. It includes the actions to be carried out beyond the project lifetime to ensure that prodPhD outcomes are as widely reused as possible, including improvement of the project results, pre-commercialisation action and future exploitation ideas and intentions.
Abstract
This document presents the exploitation strategy jointly designed by the consortium as well as individual exploitation intentions of each partner organisation. It includes [...]
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D6.3 (WP6): Report on monitoring the project developments
E. Sanz, P. Alonso, J. García-Espinosa

prodPhD OA (2023). 8

Abstract
Deliverable D6.3, ‘Report on monitoring the project developments’, aims to monitor the mid-term progress of the prodPhD project. This deliverable monitors the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of the actions in each work package of the project and provides an overall assessment of the results of each pilot action. KPI monitoring was based on the descriptive and evaluative operationalization of the KPIs in D6.1 and the structure developed in D6.2. The KPIs corresponding to each work package were monitored by the leader of each work package in line with their operationalization in D6.1. This end of the project monitoring of the progress of the prodPhD project shows that most of the implemented activities met their targets
Abstract
Deliverable D6.3, ‘Report on monitoring the project developments’, aims to monitor the mid-term progress of the prodPhD project. This deliverable monitors the [...]
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D5.3 (WP5): Report on the development results of the pilot actions
E. Sanz, P. Alonso, J. García-Espinosa

prodPhD OA (2023). 7

Abstract
Deliverable D5.3, ‘Report on the development results of the pilot actions,’ aims to monitor the pilot actions carried on by the partners to test the entrepreneurship courses proposed during the project. The pilots consisted on the collaborative development of entrepreneurship projects, using the ‘learning by doing’ methodology and materials developed in WP3, and were implemented by using the customized social network platform and collaborative work tools developed in WP4. The evaluation of the pilot actions was carried out using surveys directed towards the students of the courses, and technical staff. As two pilot actions were organized, two surveys were distributed: one to the students of the first demonstration action (July 2022) and one to the students of the second action (January 2023). In the case of technical staff one survey was distributed at the end of the second pilot. The results show that the course improved between the first and the second pilot. However, there are still some issues to address. Some students find it difficult to compaginated the course with their PhD duties. The partners tested the possibility of designing shorter seminars that might be easier for the students to fit in their schedules. As students’ satisfaction with the seminars was high, this might be a possibility for future courses at the PhD level
Abstract
Deliverable D5.3, ‘Report on the development results of the pilot actions,’ aims to monitor the pilot actions carried on by the partners to test the entrepreneurship [...]
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Automated recycling of unidirectional preimpregnated carbon fibre scraps
T. Gonzalo, J. Seara, G. Aizpurua, K. Garmendia, J. González, J. Pozo

Materiales Compuestos (2023). Vol. 08 - COMUNICACIONES MATCOMP21 (2022) Y MATCOMP23 (2023), (Núm. 2 - Fabricación y Aplicaciones Industriales - Sostenibilidad y Reciclaje.), 46

Abstract
It is estimated that the aeronautic industry in the European Union produces annually around 10 tn of uncured prepreg scraps, generated mainly from manual and automated lamination processes of composites, and that the treatment cost for these residues is between 3 and 12 € per kilogram. This work presents a technology for the reuse of the unidirectional prepreg scrap using a machine that allows the manufacturing companies, mainly form aeronautic sector, the reuse and valorisation of the leftovers of PREPREG in the workshop, involving a reduction in the economic and environmental impact. The developed solution consists in a machine able to perform the needed processes to reuse the prepreg scrap leftovers in an automatic and efficient way, maintaining the quality and the material properties for the manufacturing of non-critical components. The equipment integrates different technologies that include computer vision to identify the shape of the leftovers and the fibre direction, cutting technology to generate regular rectangular chips aligned with the fibre direction, and a robotic system to pick and place the chips generating an ordered pattern. The result of the process is a material sheet aiming to control the mechanical properties by using homogeneous chips with controlled fibre orientation following a predefined pattern.
Abstract
It is estimated that the aeronautic industry in the European Union produces annually around 10 tn of uncured prepreg scraps, generated mainly from manual and automated lamination [...]
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Determination of curing times in an ultraviolet curing composites manufacturing process
J. Vallejo, I. Avila, A. Uriarte

Materiales Compuestos (2023). Vol. 08 - COMUNICACIONES MATCOMP21 (2022) Y MATCOMP23 (2023), (Núm. 2 - Fabricación y Aplicaciones Industriales - Sostenibilidad y Reciclaje.), 33

Abstract
Currently, the manufacture of fiberglass composite parts for the automotive industry is limited by the curing times of the resins. The curing of this type of parts is usually done at room temperature, which entails waiting times of up to 48 hours. The purpose of this study is to analyse the curing times of the pieces made with ultraviolet curing resin to replace the conventional temperature curing. In the case of ultraviolet radiation curing, the geometry of the part has a significant importance in curing times. To carry out this study, the UV lamp has been characterized to determine the irradiance at different distances. Once the irradiance is obtained as a function of the distance, the curing time of the prepreg test tubes was determined by means of a dielectric analysis (DEA). As a result, a mathematical model capable of approximating the curing time of different types of pieces based on their geometry and distance from the spotlight has been obtained. In this way, it is possible to create a strategy that optimizes the process. This process is much more efficient than the hand lay-up (HLU) used up to now, so it could be a good substitute if you want to increase the production of fiberglass composite parts.
Abstract
Currently, the manufacture of fiberglass composite parts for the automotive industry is limited by the curing times of the resins. The curing of this type of parts is usually [...]
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A Descriptive Analysis on the Gender Issues in Teaching Physical Education
A. Mortejo, . IJMERI

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research and Innovation (2023). https://www.ijmeri.com/mortejo-a

Abstract
The aim of the study is to examine the gender issues in physical education instruction at several state colleges and university schools in the Philippines. Utilizing descriptive research, data revealed that physical education teachers need to work on delivering subject matter, planning lessons, and developing didactics in a way that is more gender sensitive. More information demonstrated that physical education teachers lacked the education required to discuss gender concepts, regulations, and standards as well as development approaches in instructing physical education. It is advised that gender equality tools, learning resources, and knowledge products be produced and made accessible for usage in the classroom and coaching context in order to increase gender sensitivity in the teaching of physical education. Physical education instructors are also invited to take part in gender and development training to increase their understanding of gender issues and their capacity to give instruction that is gender sensitive.
Abstract
The aim of the study is to examine the gender issues in physical education instruction at several state colleges and university schools in the Philippines. Utilizing descriptive [...]
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Scitocin: Development of Science Mobile Learning App for Least Learned Competencies in Science 9
G. Distura, . IJMERI

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research and Innovation (2023). https://www.ijmeri.com/distura-g

Abstract
This designed research aimed to develop science mobile learning application for least learned competencies in science 9 particularly in Living Things and their Environment topics. The respondents of this study were grade 9 students and teachers, for the researcher-made test and acceptability of the mobile app, and five experts for the evaluation of the acceptability of the app. The data-gathering instruments were a researcher-made test, teachers’ evaluation sheet, students’, and experts’ evaluation questionnaires. Data analysis techniques employed were frequency count, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. This study employed design research because it aims to develop and validate the science mobile learning application utilizing Input-Process-Output (IPO) model. The data gathering instruments were the validated and reliability-tested researcher-made performance test in Living Things and their Environments topics and adopted questionnaire from state university for acceptability of the mobile application. The 50-item performance test was based on topics in Quarter One in Living Things and their Environment. Based on the findings there were 3 identified least learned competencies based on students’ performance test. The result based on students’ performance test was also corroborated with the result based on teachers’ perception. In this study, a Scitocin mobile application was developed and yielded a rating of “Very acceptable” which further suggested that the mobile learning application has excellently met the standards in terms of content, instructional quality, technical quality, presentation and organization, accuracy and up-to-datedness of information, and assessment among the end-users and experts. Furthermore, this Scitocin mobile learning application composed of different distinct features such as e-module, video lesson, and educational games. Thus, the mobile app indeed served its purpose to cater to the needs of the 21st-century learners of a technology-enhanced instructional material that is flexible, innovative, interesting, and acceptable which would facilitate their construction of knowledge through videos and coming to class prepared. It is recommended that further research be conducted to ascertain the effect of the developed mobile app on students’ academic performance and develop more mobile learning applications for relevant subjects.
Abstract
This designed research aimed to develop science mobile learning application for least learned competencies in science 9 particularly in Living Things and their Environment [...]
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The Educational Philosophy and the Career Motivation of the Pre-Service Teachers
. IJMERI, T. Gonzales, M. Galvez, R. Bariga, C. Estrellado

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research and Innovation (2023). https://www.ijmeri.com/gonzales-t-r-et-al

Abstract
This study aims to explore the educational philosophy and the career motivation of preservice teachers at the Tayabas Western Academy, Candelaria, Quezon. This study utilizes a descriptive-correlational methodology. According to Melegrito and Mendoza (2016), is a concept in research that explains and analyzes information contextually. This also centered on the situations of established relationships, perspectives that were retained, and methods or patterns that were currently developing. The following major findings are: pre-service teachers exemplify progressivism and existentialism as educational philosophies when viewed as a whole. However, when classified according to the educational program, essentialism was the dominant educational philosophy for BEEd, BSEd English, and BSEd Filipino courses; perennialism philosophy for BSEd General Science course; and existentialism philosophy for BSEd Social Studies and BSEd Mathematics courses. Likewise, pre-service teachers are 'motivated' to choose teaching as a profession. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the Tayabas Western Academy pre-service teachers have diverse educational philosophies and are willing to embrace their chosen field of work although teaching is not a simple job. The results suggest modifications of a proactive approach to education programs in the 21st century to strengthen the caliber of their graduates.
Abstract
This study aims to explore the educational philosophy and the career motivation of preservice teachers at the Tayabas Western Academy, Candelaria, Quezon. This study utilizes [...]
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Flipped Classroom and ManyChat Delivering OnlineOffline (MCDOO) Learning for Science, Technology & Engineering Curriculum (STEC) Students
L. Alforque., . IJMERI

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research and Innovation (2023). https://www.ijmeri.com/alforque-l

Abstract
Low physics learning in the Philippines is a prevailing concern the education sector must resolve, so initiating technological interventions in teaching the subject, including flipped classrooms, and introducing a chatbot such as ManyChat Delivering Online-Offline learning could be helpful to improve scientific literacy in learning Electromagnetic (EM) waves. This study aimed to determine the significant learning differences between conventional teaching (CT), Flipped Classroom (FC), and ManyChat Delivering OnlineOffline (MCDOO) Learning in teaching EM waves. Previous research showed that flipped classrooms are effective in Physics lessons. At the same time, only a few studies have been found using MCDOO learning effectively in other subjects, yet to be in Physics lessons. The researcher used the randomized posttest-only control group experimental research design with four groups; Conventional Teaching (CT) as the control group while the experimental groups are: Flipped Classroom (FC), ManyChat Delivering Online-Offline (MCDOO) Learning, and lastly, the combined FC+MCDOO learning who underwent different learning sessions (traditional teaching, FC session via google classroom, MCDOO session and FC+ MCDOO via Messenger App respectively). One-Way ANOVA was performed to determine whether there were any significant learning differences. The results showed in the first and second competencies; the null hypotheses are accepted, so all the differences in all four groups are not significant there is not much of a difference between the scores of CT and FC, CT and MCDOO, and FC and MCDOO learning; however, in the third learning competency, the null hypothesis is rejected so then the Tukey Post Hoc test was conducted to point out where is/are the significant difference/s. The Tukey Post Hoc test revealed that CT and FC+MCDOO learning differs significantly. It means that FC+MCDOO learning boosts higher learning achievement than conventional teaching, FC alone, or MCDOO alone. This study concludes that using just one technological intervention in Physics teaching simply cannot produce a significant impact on the physics literacy of the students in EM learning. Utilizing a combination of technological approaches can make a meaningful difference to the literacy rate in Physics lessons, specifically electromagnetic waves.
Abstract
Low physics learning in the Philippines is a prevailing concern the education sector must resolve, so initiating technological interventions in teaching the subject, including [...]
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Building Champion School Leaders Through the Institutionalization of the Re-Entry Program of The School Heads Academy (SHA) of DepEd Region VI
L. Barredo, . IJMERI

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research and Innovation (2023). https://www.ijmeri.com/barredo-l

Abstract
The School Heads Academy (SHA) was established by DepEd Region VI, making it the first among DepEd to provide such professional training for aspiring and emerging school leaders who desire to cultivate their leadership and managerial competencies. The ReEntry Application Project (REAP), being one of the prerequisites of SHA program is faced with an array of concerns among its beneficiaries and implementers to include the lack of definite structure and processes in the implementation. This study sought to develop a definite structure of the Re-Entry Program of the SHA to ensure a unified process of conceptualization, execution, monitoring, and evaluation of the projects and its eventual institutionalization in the whole of DepEd Region VI. The study is a mixed-method study with its foundation in the ADDIE Model. Qualitative data were gathered through FGD and were analyzed through a deductive thematic analysis to assure that the four REAP implementation phases are the primary topic of the discussion and they will be used to guide the conversation and elicit answers from the respondents. Quantitatively, the mean was used to determine the level of acceptability of the implementing guidelines, and the ANOVA to determine the significant differences among the acceptability level of the SHA scholars, school heads, and HRD specialists. The overall results of the evaluation of the level of acceptability of the implementing guidelines revealed to be highly acceptable to the SHA scholars, school heads, and HRD specialists in terms of conceptualization, execution, monitoring, and evaluation. This implies that the implementing guidelines have completely and satisfactorily addressed the concerns raised in the FGD and is regarded as clear, allencompassing, and beneficial for all the program implementers and end-users. The evaluation further revealed that there are no significant differences between the level of acceptability of the implementing guidelines of the Institutionalization of the Re-Entry Program of the SHA of DepEd Region VI between the SHA scholars, school heads, and HRD specialists. This indicates that, although having distinct roles and responsibilities within the REAP implementation and in the SHA program, each group views the implementing guidelines as clear, comprehensive, and useful. With the implementing guidelines on the institutionalization of the Re-Entry Program, the SHA scholars, school heads, HRD specialists, and partner learning institutions will be guided properly as they work toward the goal of implementing a relevant and responsive REAP to the scholars’ organizational needs. Thus, the Region VI’s commitment to its mantra as the 'home of the champions' would be strengthened and achieved accordingly.
Abstract
The School Heads Academy (SHA) was established by DepEd Region VI, making it the first among DepEd to provide such professional training for aspiring and emerging school leaders [...]
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An Analysis of Factors Associated with Drug Use in Schools in The City of Ouagadougou in 2019
A. Kaboré, C. Baga, L. Akoyi, H. Tognon, C. Boyo, J. Johns, T. A, N. Meda, . IJMERI

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research and Innovation (2023). https://www.ijmeri.com/kabore-a-et-al

Abstract
Faced with this situation, a general awareness has led to the creation of an international day against drug abuse and trafficking on June 26. Several international and regional conventions are working together to develop strategies and policies to fight this scourge. The aim of this study is to look for the prevalence and associated factors of drug use in schools in the city of Ouagadougou in 2019. This study used a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire administered to students in schools in the city of Ouagadougou who were present during the survey in March 2019. The collection tool was a self-administered questionnaire inspired by the WHO guide on school health surveillance in the Burkinabe context, which had been previously tested. Kobocollect software was used to collect the data. Data processing and analysis were carried out using STATA version 15.1 software. The variable of interest was drug use. The data collected were analyzed with STATA version 15.1 software. The students in this study ranged in age from 12 to 25, with a mean age of 14.78 ± 2.26 years. The prevalence of drug use was 6.11%. It varied significantly according to gender, pocket money, and history of drug use. Strategies to combat drug use must be strengthened and adapted to our context in order to bring about a change in behavior, especially in schools.
Abstract
Faced with this situation, a general awareness has led to the creation of an international day against drug abuse and trafficking on June 26. Several international and regional [...]
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Health Practices Among Secondary School Teachers During Covid-19 Pandemic
J. Tabudlong, . IJMERI

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research and Innovation (2023). https://www.ijmeri.com/tabudlong-j-m

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the health practices among the secondary school teachers during the Covid-19 pandemic in Ichon National High School. This considered the socio demographic profile of the teachers in terms of age, sex, civil status and teaching load and the extent of practice employed by the teachers in the said health dimensions. A total of 53 teachers from Ichon National High School participated as respondents in the evaluative method of research that consists in three parts questionnaires. The statistical treatment used in the computation and analysis of gathered data to determine the socio-demographic profile of the respondents are the descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage. As to the significance of health practices during COVID-19 pandemic, Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the significant differences on the extent of practices among the different health dimensions. The very high extent of the implementation on the health practices during COVID-19 pandemic shows that the teachers are frequently practiced the health practices. The highest mean in mental aspect is conclusive that teacher during the pandemic exert effort to stay healthy on this and other areas as well. It is recommended to conduct further study regarding on the health practices among the secondary school teachers.
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the health practices among the secondary school teachers during the Covid-19 pandemic in Ichon National High School. This considered the socio [...]
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Championing Sustainable Practice of Reusable Face Masks: Framing TikTok Campaign of #EcoInfluencers
C. Estrellado, . IJMERI

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research and Innovation (2023). https://www.ijmeri.com/estrellado-c-j

Abstract
The pandemic not only brought the surge of the virus and fear but also led to a heavy environmental toll unfolding the proposition of increasing face mask waste, resulting in an ongoing threat vis-à-vis the environment. The aim of the study is to encourage climate dialog to environmental activism through TikTok, dovetailing awareness as part of coalescing efforts on reusable face masks over single-use face masks. This study employed two-fold qualitative processes: Photovoice and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) in exploring the meanings of unsustainable practices of disposable facemasks. A different point of view was centered on the modification of attitudes and providing social awareness of the use of disposable face masks. Despite the strong stances against face mask, all participants agreed that facemasks will be in commonplace even the ebbing of the pandemic, but their wavelengths are firm to reinforce simple change mitigating the impact of plastic waste and that is to take advantage of imparting information via TikTok. The highlights and implications of the study revealed an onset for empowering purpose towards environmental interest as eco-influencers who will encourage stewardship as conduits for sustainable practices. Redefining Environmental Engagement In the age of social media where alternative platforms pave the road onto relaying news mainstream and promoting brand awareness, this comes the opportunity to voice out environmental activism for stewardship; and a social platform emerging in popularity hub is TikTok, since it has set to be a convenient social avenue in providing discourse related to sustainability issues and raising environmental concerns (Hautea, et al., 2021; Basch, C, 2022). Reasons can be pointed to the result of the viewer's broad reach; its popularity in discussing various topics does not last for hours. Furthermore, as opposed to other social media sites, another significant advantage of TikTok is that videos uploaded to the platform may be good for popular opinion seen online on any search engine or digital system that has an internet connection (Basch, 2022). As a result, users can easily access TikTok clips, brands, or videos that have been allocated with the same
Abstract
The pandemic not only brought the surge of the virus and fear but also led to a heavy environmental toll unfolding the proposition of increasing face mask waste, resulting [...]
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Composite material thermal characterization for a digital twin-based model of an automated tape-laying process
J. Rodrigues, J. Rodrigues

Materiales Compuestos (2023). Vol. 08 - COMUNICACIONES MATCOMP21 (2022) Y MATCOMP23 (2023), (Núm. 1 - Caracterización - Sostenibilidad y Reciclaje), 25

Abstract
As the demand of the automotive and aeronautics industry for high-performance structures increases, the tendency goes towards the use of composite materials. This tendency requires designing efficient manufacturing processes to ensure repeatability and quality. Attending those requirements, the Automated Tape Laying process has gained relevance, as an out-of-autoclave process, consuming less energy and lower production times. This process consists of continuously heating a thermoplastic-based composite material and, using a compaction roll, pressing it against a mould, consolidating the structure by cooling down the composite. On the other hand, the Automated Tape Laying process arises a relevant problem related to the control system. The problem is related to the impossibility of measuring the temperature at the nip point, the temperature under the compaction roll, having no feedback then, no control decision. To overcome this type of problem, some authors have implemented a model-based control system, which allows to estimate the temperature at the desired location. To guarantee the best estimation, the model must be as detailed as possible, which leads to the concept of a Digital Twin. The Digital Twin as a detailed mathematical representation of the physical world, requires knowing the behaviour of the process element due to their interaction. This work proposes a thermal characterization methodology, using an in-house designed method, to describe the thermal-optical and thermal-conductivity properties of composite materials as a function of their temperature, which is required for the Digital Twin to compute the temperature distribution along an Automated Tape Laying process to lower the uncertainties due to properties approximations
Abstract
As the demand of the automotive and aeronautics industry for high-performance structures increases, the tendency goes towards the use of composite materials. This tendency [...]
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Integrated nano-enabled heaters for automotive composite panels to enable external airbag activation
R. Seddon, M. Chapartegui, I. Gaztelumendi, A. Iriarte Legarreta, S. Florez, N. Romero, R. Fernandez

Materiales Compuestos (2023). Vol. 08 - COMUNICACIONES MATCOMP21 (2022) Y MATCOMP23 (2023), (Núm. 2 - Fabricación y Aplicaciones Industriales - Sostenibilidad y Reciclaje.), 42

Abstract
OASIS Composites Open Innovation Test Bed (OITB) is a single-entry point for scale-up of Innovative Smart lightweight polymer matrix and aluminium composite materials and components. OASIS offers technological and business support services for accelerated innovation studies and success in industrialisation, market penetration and commercialisation of nano-enabled products (NEPs). IGESTEK (Spain) is a leading company in the development of technology projects: specialized in lightweight solutions using plastics and composite materials. In collaboration with Tecnalia (Spain), IPC (France), University of Patras (Greece), UCLM (Spain), TMBK (Poland) and AMIRES (Czech Republic) they identified an opportunity for the development of a heating system based on buckypapers (MWCNT films) for automotive exterior bodywork panels manufactured using recyclable thermoplastic composite material via a press moulding method. Heater integration was screened using resistive heating, simple mechanical and microscopy analysis of the test panels. Coupon panels were manufactured (using optimised processing conditions) for thermal analysis. A prototype mould was designed and manufactured for the fabrication of representative demonstrator parts (1:3 scale car bonnet panel). Electrothermal analyses of four heater configurations were calculated, leading to the selection of two final demonstrator configurations. Ten functioning demonstrator panels were successfully manufactured based on these two designs. Thermal assessment of the integrity of the heaters was carried out via electrical resistive heating. The results of the collaboration confirmed that NEP based thin film heaters could successfully be integrated into thermoplastic composite panels via a compression thermoforming process.
Abstract
OASIS Composites Open Innovation Test Bed (OITB) is a single-entry point for scale-up of Innovative Smart lightweight polymer matrix and aluminium composite materials and [...]
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Properties of Tetra Pak Particle Reinforced Concrete for use in masonry parts.
D. Gámez-García, A. Alcaraz-Codina, I. Lucio-Pérez, H. Saldaña-Márquez, E. Solís, D. Martínez

Materiales Compuestos (2023). Vol. 08 - COMUNICACIONES MATCOMP21 (2022) Y MATCOMP23 (2023), (Núm. 1 - Caracterización - Sostenibilidad y Reciclaje), 24

Abstract
Advances in single-use packaging and container technology are generating an indiscriminate increase in urban solid waste, which is on the rise. In 2020, Mexico achieved a recycling rate of around 30% in Tetra Pak packages; although this percentage is encouraging, most waste still needs to be reincorporated into any cycle. On the other hand, one of the most alarming impacts of the construction industry is the extraction of raw materials and their potential greenhouse gas emissions. In order to associate these two environmental issues, this work aimed to evaluate the physical-mechanical properties of concrete added to Tetra Pak waste. Specimens of 10 cm in diameter and 20 cm in height were studied. For the mixtures, weight contents of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% of 5 mm x 3 cm fibers were used, which were tested in the fresh and hardened state at 14 and 28 days of curing. The results indicated that as the fiber content increases, the mechanical properties of the specimens decrease, so its use for structural purposes should be re-evaluated with other techniques, such as gamma irradiation. It is recommended to use this material in masonry pieces for non-structural purposes and to characterize its thermal and acoustic properties.
Abstract
Advances in single-use packaging and container technology are generating an indiscriminate increase in urban solid waste, which is on the rise. In 2020, Mexico achieved a [...]
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Lightweight materials development for automotive engineering use. Manufacture and End of Life optimization through Life Cycle Assessment.
H. Afonso González, J. Ibarretxe, E. Acha, U. Olaziregi Cuevas, A. Esnaola, A. Serras, A. Iturrondobeitia.

Materiales Compuestos (2023). Vol. 08 - COMUNICACIONES MATCOMP21 (2022) Y MATCOMP23 (2023), (Núm. 1 - Caracterización - Sostenibilidad y Reciclaje), 19

Abstract
With fuel economy and lightweight design becoming ever more significant due to the current materials, resources and environmental crisis, the manufacture of polymer composites for automotive industry use has experienced a steady growth in the last years and is expected to keep growing in the coming years. This means that there is a vast range of different polymer composites available in the market, with their unique properties, manufacturing processes and materials imbedded in them, each with their own set of impacts on the environment throughout their whole life cycle. The end-of-life treatment of a composite determines a substantial fraction of its footprint on the planet, and advanced treatments, namely pyrolysis can be used to obtain high value added compounds such as hydrogen and other light fuels. This study aims to address and quantify the impacts associated with the manufacturing and end of life treatments of an experimental glass fibre mat reinforced thermoplastic composite and compare them with the impacts caused by materials currently used in the automotive industry. Life Cycle assessment methodology will be used to compare the environmental impacts of this new material with traditional glass fibre composites, natural fibre reinforced composites and other materials with similar mechanical properties.
Abstract
With fuel economy and lightweight design becoming ever more significant due to the current materials, resources and environmental crisis, the manufacture of polymer composites [...]
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Online Teaching in Physics Using Just-In-Time Teaching (JiTT), Academic Achievement, and Conceptual Understanding of Grade 9 Students
B. Maala, . IJMERI

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research and Innovation (2023). https://www.ijmeri.com/maala-b

Abstract
This study determined the effect of online teaching in Physics using the Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) strategy on the academic achievement and conceptual understanding of Grade 9 students. One intact class was subjected to a single-group pretest/posttest preexperimental research design. Purposive sampling was applied, and selected 48 Grade 9 students for this study. The data gathered were interpreted quantitatively from the validated physics achievement test (PAT) and from the adopted energy-momentum concept test (EMCT), while, the learning experiences survey responses were interpreted thematically. This study was conducted for a period of eight (8) weeks during the 4th quarter of the school year 2020-2021 at Junior High School in District II. The study's findings using descriptive and inferential statistics revealed a significant difference in the students' physics achievement mean scores and a significant difference in the students’ energy-momentum mean scores before and after their exposure to online teaching in physics using the Justin-Time Teaching (JiTT) strategy. The class average normalized gain (g) of the 48 respondents on the adopted Energy-Momentum Concept Test (EMCT) resulted in statistically “high” normalized gain (g) in their conceptual understanding before and after their exposure to online teaching in physics using the Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) strategy. Furthermore, the learning experiences survey responses revealed positive results and improvement on the students’ learning experiences in JiTT’s warm-up exercises. Hence, it was concluded that the online teaching in physics using the Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) as a teaching-learning strategy might significantly improve the students' academic achievement and conceptual understanding in grade 9 physics.
Abstract
This study determined the effect of online teaching in Physics using the Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) strategy on the academic achievement and conceptual understanding of [...]
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Public Authority Regulations and Invisible Hands of Adams Smith in A Free Market Economy During Emergency: The Paradoxical Relationship
U. Edih, N. Faghawari, H. Onoriode

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research and Innovation (2023). https://www.ijmeri.com/edih-u-et-al

Abstract
The study investigated public authority regulations and the invisible hands of Adam Smith in a free market economy during the emergency a paradoxical relationship but the focus is to determine the place of public authority regulation of prices of goods during pandemic. It generated primary data by administering sets of questionnaires to selected firms and the data was analyzed using the Chi-square analysis. The two hypotheses formulated for the study was tested at a 5% level of significance. Results revealed that there were no price variations in pharmaceutical products and bakery companies’ products during the first wave of covid’19 pandemic in Nigeria. The findings show that because the restriction of movement did not affect essential commodities, and international borders were open for pharmaceutical goods and other essential products. Though discovery from the skeletal interviews conducted, showed an increase in demand for bakery products but no corresponding rise in prices. This movement restriction was affected by the firm order and directives of the government as carried out by COVID-19 task force. It is suggested that government should regulate the prices of commodities during emergencies to curtail artificial inflation.
Abstract
The study investigated public authority regulations and the invisible hands of Adam Smith in a free market economy during the emergency a paradoxical relationship but the [...]
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Study of the recycling and reprocessing of composite materials and their subsequent use in the manufacture of sustainable composite materials
M. Campo, I. Lorero, A. Jiménez-Suárez, S. Prolongo.

Materiales Compuestos (2023). Vol. 08 - COMUNICACIONES MATCOMP21 (2022) Y MATCOMP23 (2023), (Núm. 1 - Caracterización - Sostenibilidad y Reciclaje), 22

Abstract
Due to the great increase in the use of composite materials, there is a need to investigate and develop effective recovery, recycling, and reuse techniques. This technological challenge entails significant research efforts to solve the current problems to separate and reuse the components of composite materials. In this work, two alternatives have been studied to solve the environmental problems that the use of resins as a matrix of composite materials entails, since there is no sustainable recycling process after its useful life cycle. On the one hand, a thermomechanical reprocessing will be studied and on the other the viability of the chemical dissolution of the matrix. For both processes, the optimal conditions (temperature, time, solvent, and pressure) have been studied to allow reprocessing the material or dissolve the resin of the composite material to recover the fiber. Subsequently, for thermomechanical reprocessing, the technical feasibility of impregnating fibers during the reprocessing process in the hot plate press has been studied. And for chemical recycling, the feasibility that the recycled carbon fiber will be reused to make a new composite material.
Abstract
Due to the great increase in the use of composite materials, there is a need to investigate and develop effective recovery, recycling, and reuse techniques. This technological [...]
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Revaluation of recycled reinforcement fibers through innovative textile technologies for developing new thermoplastic composites
I. Doménech, J. Pascual, F. Fornés, C. Santamaría

Materiales Compuestos (2023). Vol. 08 - COMUNICACIONES MATCOMP21 (2022) Y MATCOMP23 (2023), (Núm. 2 - Fabricación y Aplicaciones Industriales - Sostenibilidad y Reciclaje.), 40

Abstract
Composite materials, such as those made from carbon and glass fibres, are now considered to be high value-added materials. However, a barrier to their full circularity is the difficulty of their recyclability and the serious environmental problems that these materials pose. Fibres can be recovered using techniques such as pyrolysis and solvolysis and disposed of as chopped fibre at the end of their life cycle. However, their use in industrial applications is limited to injection moulding, anisotropic mats, etc. This work has focused on the research and adaptation of textile technologies for staple fibre processing, such as carding, spinning and weaving, with the aim of obtaining textile intermediates suitable for the production of thermoplastic composites. These technologies must improve the mechanical properties of currently available commercial solutions and adapt to these reinforcing fibres, which are fragile, extremely thin and in some cases electrically conductive. This research has resulted in the production of intermediate textile products such as hybrid yarns (rCF-PA6 and rAramid-PA6), and nonwovens (rCF-PA6, rAramid-PA6 y rGF-PA6), both suitable for obtaining mainly thermoplastic composites.
Abstract
Composite materials, such as those made from carbon and glass fibres, are now considered to be high value-added materials. However, a barrier to their full circularity is [...]
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Re-usage of uncured carbon fiber scrap material
J. Sistach*, A. Calero, B. López-Romano, M. Ordóñez

Materiales Compuestos (2023). Vol. 08 - COMUNICACIONES MATCOMP21 (2022) Y MATCOMP23 (2023), (Núm. 2 - Fabricación y Aplicaciones Industriales - Sostenibilidad y Reciclaje.), 39

Abstract
Industrial automated tape layup methods significantly increase the productivity, precision, and efficiency of manufacturing methods for large aerospace parts; however, although they allow reducing scrap fraction compared with manual processes, it keeps being too high, requiring waste management. The scope of the MC4 project, part of Horizon Europe program, is to not only recycle that scrap material, but also to transform it to a completely new, functional part, without the need of adding additional material other than this recycled scrap. This can be achieved by cutting that material into strip shape and reducing it to a specific thickness by means of a compacting process. Those homogenous thickness strips can then be processed using a heated plate press to form it to any needed shape. Mechanical properties will be studied and compared to the original material, to check if this process is suitable for the manufacturing of functional parts. As this method does not separate the original resin and fiber, it avoids the usage of chemicals that can damage the properties of the material and increase the risk and pollution of the process, which is ideal for a recycling process.
Abstract
Industrial automated tape layup methods significantly increase the productivity, precision, and efficiency of manufacturing methods for large aerospace parts; however, although [...]
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Sustainable synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles embedded into carbon foams. Síntesis sostenible de espumas de carbono con nanopartículas de óxido de hierro intercaladas.
C. Cuesta, R. García, E. Rodriguez, M. López-Antón, M. Martínez-Tarazona

Materiales Compuestos (2023). Vol. 08 - COMUNICACIONES MATCOMP21 (2022) Y MATCOMP23 (2023), (Núm. 1 - Caracterización - Sostenibilidad y Reciclaje), 21

Abstract
RESUMEN: Las espumas de carbono son materiales macroporosos que convenientemente funcionalizados pueden ser muy útiles en aplicaciones de adsorción y catálisis. Por otra parte, los óxidos e hidróxidos de hierro tienen excelentes propiedades para ser utilizados en biomedicina, remediación ambiental o almacenamiento de energía, entre otras aplicaciones. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo la preparación de una espuma de carbono con especies de hierro nanodispersadas en su superficie SFFe(10:1), y la identificación de los cambios sufridos en la morfología y la estructura del carbono, con respecto la espuma preparada sin especies de hierro (SF). El método de síntesis utilizado se diseñó con la intención de que fuera sencillo, necesitara un mínimo de reactivos y partiera de un precursor de carbono sostenible. Para ello, se sintetizó la espuma de carbono a partir de sacarosa en ácido cítrico, utilizando Fe(NO3)3 · 9H2O como aditivo, mediante un procedimiento basado en tratamientos térmicos en atmósferas de aire e inerte. Se observó como la adición de un 10% de nitrato de hierro al precursor favorece la espumación produciéndose simultáneamente el crecimiento in situ de nanopartículas de óxido de hierro sobre la matriz de la espuma. Además, durante la carbonización, las especies de hierro formadas catalizan una incipiente grafitización del material de carbono. Con la concentración de nitrato empleada, el hierro queda mayoritariamente como magnetita nanodispersada en la superficie de la espuma de carbono. ABSTRACT: Carbon foams are macroporous materials that, properly functionalized, can be very useful in adsorption and catalysis applications. On the other hand, iron oxides and hydroxides have excellent properties to be used in biomedicine, environmental remediation and energy storage, among other applications. The objective of this work was the preparation of a carbon foam with nanodispersed iron species on its surface SFFe(10:1) and the identification of the changes suffered in the morphology and structure of the carbon with respect to a foam prepared without iron species (SF). The synthesis method used was designed with the intention of being simple, requiring a minimum of reagents, and starting from a sustainable carbon precursor. To this end, the carbon foam was synthesized from sucrose in citric acid, using Fe(NO3)3 · 9H2O as additive. The procedure was based on heat treatments in air and inert atmospheres. It was observed how the addition of 10% iron nitrate to the precursor favours foaming, simultaneously producing in situ growth of iron oxide nanoparticles on the foam matrix. Furthermore, during carbonization, the created iron species catalyze an incipient graphitization of the carbon material. With the nitrate concentration evaluated, the iron remains mostly as nanodispersed magnetite on the surface of the carbon foam.
Abstract
RESUMEN: Las espumas de carbono son materiales macroporosos que convenientemente funcionalizados pueden ser muy útiles en aplicaciones de adsorción [...]
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Piezoresistive sensors based on reinforced PVDF nanocomposites
V. Díaz-Mena, X. Sánchez-Romate, D. Martinez-Diaz, M. Sanchez, A. Ureña

Materiales Compuestos (2023). Vol. 08 - COMUNICACIONES MATCOMP21 (2022) Y MATCOMP23 (2023), (Núm. 1 - Caracterización - Sostenibilidad y Reciclaje), 23

Abstract
Currently, due to the great advances achieved in medicine, together with those related to materials science and engineering, in recent years there has been a growing interest in the use of flexible sensors for monitoring the human body. The present work shows the development of flexible piezoresistive sensors based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). First, the analysis of the electrical properties shows an increase in the electrical conductivity with CNT content. This increase is less pronounced at higher CNT contents due to an electrical network saturation, where the main electrical transport mechanisms are dominated by the CNT aggregates. In this context, the electromechanical analysis shows a higher sensitivity, by means of Gauge Factor, at lower CNT contents due to a higher prevalence of tunneling transport mechanisms between neighboring nanoparticles, which is reflected in a more exponential electromechanical behavior. Finally, the analysis of the electromechanical properties at cycling loading shows an elevated repeatability of the electrical response between consecutive cycles, which is indicative of the high robustness of the manufactured sensors.
Abstract
Currently, due to the great advances achieved in medicine, together with those related to materials science and engineering, in recent years there has been a growing interest [...]
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Interface damage characterization of carbon-epoxy composite materials
D. Mocerino, M. Bruno, M. Monclús, D. Garoz, M. Rueda, J. Molina, . M.Flores, C. Gonzalez

Materiales Compuestos (2023). Vol. 08 - COMUNICACIONES MATCOMP21 (2022) Y MATCOMP23 (2023), (Núm. 1 - Caracterización - Sostenibilidad y Reciclaje), 20

Abstract
This research shows a novel in-situ experimental approach to characterize a carbon-epoxy unidirectional composite system interface. Computational models were implemented to support the experimental campaign and identify the interface properties. After validating the computational model with experimental results, it was employed to study the behaviour of interface debonding under both mode I and mode II damage. By utilizing the validated model, it becomes possible to assess the consistency of the proposed experimental approach in characterizing the interface, with the aim of generating in future an analytical model able to predict interface characteristics.
Abstract
This research shows a novel in-situ experimental approach to characterize a carbon-epoxy unidirectional composite system interface. Computational models were implemented to [...]
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Establishing the differences between the use of bio-based composites and nanocomposites as matrices in additive manufacturing.
K. Nuñez-Carrero, M. Villar, L. Pastor, F. Lizalde-Arroyo, J. Pastor

Materiales Compuestos (2023). Vol. 08 - COMUNICACIONES MATCOMP21 (2022) Y MATCOMP23 (2023), (Núm. 2 - Fabricación y Aplicaciones Industriales - Sostenibilidad y Reciclaje.), 34

Abstract
With the recent increase in the use of additive manufacturing (AM) in more and more challenging applications, the demands on the mechanical performance and sustainability of printed parts are increasing considerably. Among the different additive manufacturing technologies, fused filament fabrication (FFF) is the most widely used for thermoplastic materials. This work focuses on comparing the behaviour of parts obtained by FFF using a bio-based polyamide (BIOPA-11) reinforced with different types of fibres: short glass fibre (GF) and a fibrillar nanoclay (SEP, sepiolite). Different composites were prepared by melt process, converted into filaments used in FFF, and characterised the final parts. The thermal and mechanical properties obtained were systematically examined as a function of printing orientation, amount and type of fibre, accompanied by X-ray tomography image analysis of the internal parts of the pieces. As expected, anisotropic properties showed improvements in Young's Modulus and tensile strength in both composites with increasing amount of reinforcement, with respect to pure biopolyamide. However, the improvements in mechanical performance of the nanocomposites were very noticeable under many conditions (composition and direction of fabrication). The research shows that this is due to the stiffening mechanism, based on the polymorphism of BIOPA, which is induced by nanometric loadings. Additionally, the internal morphology of the nanocomposite parts showed small amounts of inter-filament cavitations, while the parts obtained from the GF composites showed irregular, intra-filament cavitations. Thus, the BIOPA11 nanomaterial parts are attractive in terms of properties, weight, cost reduction, and sustainability.
Abstract
With the recent increase in the use of additive manufacturing (AM) in more and more challenging applications, the demands on the mechanical performance and sustainability [...]
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The Effect of Ghost Shrimp (Palaemonetes paludosus) Aquaponics on the Cultivation of Watercress (Nasturtium of icinale)
I. Yang

Isabel Yang's personal collection (2023). 1

Abstract
Aquaponics is the integration of hydroponic plant production into recirculating fish aquaculture systems. In aquaponics, nutrients excreted from the fish are absorbed by the plants hydroponically. Ghost shrimp (Palaemonetes paludosus) is a freshwater crustacean that is primarily clear in color. Ghost shrimp produce nutrients not only through their feces, but also through their burrows. Ghost shrimps are edible and are rich in fat, protein, and calcium. They also contain traces of vitamin B & E, magnesium, and antioxidants. Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) is an excellent source of the antioxidants, vitamins A and C, as well as vitamin K. It is also a rich natural source of lutein and zeaxanthin, two carotenoid nutrients that are gaining attention for their ability to protect vision and support cardiovascular health. This experiment aims to test if various quantities (0 shrimp, 5 shrimps, 10 shrimps, 15 shrimps) of ghost shrimp would increase the quality and growth of watercress plants in an aquaponic system. Overall, the data illustrated that shrimp wastewater had a significant effect on the cultivation of watercress. Shrimp waste water significantly increased the fresh weight in watercress plants. In forthcoming works, the inclusion of more trials using larger numbers of ghost shrimp and extending the experiment for a longer period are possible methods to further research and find the best quantity of ghost shrimp that will be beneficial towards watercress growth.
Abstract
Aquaponics is the integration of hydroponic plant production into recirculating fish aquaculture systems. In aquaponics, nutrients excreted from the fish are absorbed by the [...]
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Effect of the Surface treatments on the interphase during the injection moulding process with PAEK with carbon fibre
J. Vidal, P. Castell, A. Marqués, J. Dieste

Materiales Compuestos (2023). Vol. 08 - COMUNICACIONES MATCOMP21 (2022) Y MATCOMP23 (2023), (Núm. 2 - Fabricación y Aplicaciones Industriales - Sostenibilidad y Reciclaje.), 37

Abstract
The transformation processes used for thermoplastic composites, have been increasing their complexity, while incorporating new high demanding materials. From the aeronautic and medical sector, with their restrictions and specific demanding needs. The PAEK materials have been promoted and deeply applied due to their high temperature stability and their chemical resistance. In this research, the work has focussed on the use of the reinforced 40%CF PEEK process through injection moulding. In these over injection moulding processes the joint between 40%CF PEEK and other materials such as Aluminium, or reinforced PA and PEEK has been studied. As well as the adhesion between them and the variation generated on the mechanical properties. It has been observed that this joint is far better between thermoplastic materials than between metals and thermoplastic, this is due to the fact that even tough the PEEK has high processing temperatures, these are not relevant chemically speaking for metals such as Aluminium. Limiting the forces of the interphase to the physical and mechanical interaction between both materials. Nevertheless, in the case of the thermoplastic over injected parts several parameters have been observed to be affecting the final properties of the joint. Firstly, the over injected angle, obtaining higher mechanical properties as the angle increases as well as the contact surface. And the effect of the roughness of the overinjected part, having these a direct impact on the final mechanical properties.
Abstract
The transformation processes used for thermoplastic composites, have been increasing their complexity, while incorporating new high demanding materials. From the aeronautic [...]
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Materials from revaluation of rice straw through extraction of cellulose and lignin
V. Serrano, M. Carbonell, H. Pérez, V. Serrano Martínez

Materiales Compuestos (2023). Vol. 08 - COMUNICACIONES MATCOMP21 (2022) Y MATCOMP23 (2023), (Núm. 2 - Fabricación y Aplicaciones Industriales - Sostenibilidad y Reciclaje.), 35

Abstract
Rice straw is a problematic agricultural waste that is currently burnt in tonnes in the Albufera de Valencia after the harvest, with the consequent environmental damage. In this sense, to avoid wasting resources and unnecessary pollution, it is proposed to revalue the product, that is, to use rice straw, as a source of lignin and cellulose, for the development of materials for footwear, such as soles, insoles, or adhesives. The extraction of cellulose fibres from rice straw is done by physical and/or chemical processes, such as: hydrothermal steam treatment (steam explosion); alkaline treatment, peroxides, and bleaching. The extraction method is optimised by combining processes to maximise the yield obtained. To do this, the processing conditions of each of the extraction stages are varied, optimising variables such as: temperature, time, CO2 pressure, among others. Furthermore, through the use of lignin, also present in rice straw, it is possible to produce polyols to synthesise adhesives, achieving a complete revaluation of rice straw. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of rice straw processing conditions on the cellulose extraction yield by optimising the hydrothermal process, pre- and post-processing, as well as on the properties of the cellulose fibres, in addition to the extraction of lignin for its future use as a raw material for the production of polyols and synthesis of adhesives.
Abstract
Rice straw is a problematic agricultural waste that is currently burnt in tonnes in the Albufera de Valencia after the harvest, with the consequent environmental damage. In [...]
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Modification of the performance of printed parts through their hybridization with thermostable resin
J. Gómez, S. Neira, A. Allue, K. Gondra, D. Pineda

Materiales Compuestos (2023). Vol. 08 - COMUNICACIONES MATCOMP21 (2022) Y MATCOMP23 (2023), (Núm. 2 - Fabricación y Aplicaciones Industriales - Sostenibilidad y Reciclaje.), 41

Abstract
The final benefits obtained in plastic parts made with the commonly used 3D printing technologies (extrusion, laser sintering, photopolymerizable resin bath, inkjet) depend on the nature of the materials used, and the variables and printing strategies followed for obtaining the parts. In the present study, working with filament extrusion technology, the development of hybrid polymeric structures has been analysed with the purpose of being used as moulds for plastic and composite moulding processes. 3D printing by thermoplastic extrusion enables the use of a wide catalogue of materials, and facilitates the hybridization of the printed parts, choosing different values for variables such as skin thickness, wall thickness, or the pattern and infill percentage. Acting on the values of these variables, it is possible to generate superficial and internal porosity, or obtain cast parts with solid walls that define the geometric details and the surface finish of the final part. The hybridization study was carried out with PC ABS as a thermoplastic printing matrix and catalysed thermosetting resin as a complementary material. The characteristics of the thermosetting resin used in hybridization can be modulated by formulating its composition, to achieve additional features or functionalities in the printed parts, such as greater thermal or mechanical resistance, to modify their conductivity or thermal or electric insulation characteristics.
Abstract
The final benefits obtained in plastic parts made with the commonly used 3D printing technologies (extrusion, laser sintering, photopolymerizable resin bath, inkjet) depend [...]
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Diseño de moldes de materiales compuestos para la fabricación aditiva basada en extrusión
E. Bellvert*, J. Antolín-Urbaneja, H. Vallejo, J. Gayoso, . J.I.Hernández, A. Pizarro

Materiales Compuestos (2023). Vol. 08 - COMUNICACIONES MATCOMP21 (2022) Y MATCOMP23 (2023), (Núm. 2 - Fabricación y Aplicaciones Industriales - Sostenibilidad y Reciclaje.), 36

Abstract
La fabricación aditiva mediante extrusión de materiales termoplásticos en formato pellet se está convirtiendo en una tecnología prometedora que trata de competir con tecnologías de fabricación convencionales. En este sentido, permite depositar una alta cantidad de material (kg/h), pudiendo generar preformas de moldes termoplásticos en un tiempo razonable que permita rivalizar con los precios del mecanizado de moldes metálicos de gran tamaño. Sin embargo, aún es necesario analizar sus limitaciones productivas, abordando soluciones desde el punto de vista de la selección de los materiales, el propio diseño del molde y los postprocesos necesarios para la obtención de moldes operativos para la fabricación de piezas con materiales compuestos. En concreto, dentro del Proyecto MOLDAM cofinanciado por el EIT Manufacturing, se ha seleccionado un material termoplástico reforzado con fibra de carbono (PA6/CF) en formato granza para la fabricación aditiva basada en extrusión de alta tasa de deposición. Se ha realizado una amplia campaña de ensayos del material extruido, para caracterizar sus propiedades termo-mecánicas en las direcciones de deposición y a diferentes temperaturas, basada en los requisitos de los casos de uso (sector aeronáutico y eólico). El objetivo ha sido desarrollar una metodología de diseño iterativo de moldes, en la que se utilizan herramientas avanzadas de Ingeniería asistida por ordenador (CAE), para simular y calcular el comportamiento termo-mecánico de los moldes mediante el análisis de elementos finitos (FEA), definiendo así los espesores y rellenos óptimos para garantizar la integridad estructural del molde en las condiciones de curado de las piezas en autoclave (P=7bar,Tª=180ºC).
Abstract
La fabricación aditiva mediante extrusión de materiales termoplásticos en formato pellet se está convirtiendo en una tecnología prometedora [...]
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Infinite: composites aeroespaciales sensorizados digitalmente desde su fabricación hasta el final de vida
Materiales Compuestos (2023). Vol. 08 - COMUNICACIONES MATCOMP21 (2022) Y MATCOMP23 (2023), (Núm. 2 - Fabricación y Aplicaciones Industriales - Sostenibilidad y Reciclaje.), 43

Abstract
Uno de los mayores desafíos a los que se enfrenta la industria aeronáutica europea es la necesidad de ofrecer tecnologías digitales transformadoras para completar el ciclo de vida de las aeronaves y aumentar la competitividad. Esto ha llevado recientemente, por ejemplo, al desarrollo de nuevas superficies aerodinámicas, SHM y la incorporación de materiales multifuncionales tanto dentro de estructuras primarias como secundarias, entre otros. Sin embargo, es necesario incorporar las ventajas de los sistemas de control inteligentes que se pueden utilizar para la monitoración in situ de la fabricación de alto valor, el mantenimiento, reparación y revisión (MRO) en servicio y el reciclaje al final de la vida útil (EoL).El proyecto europeo INFINITE tiene como objetivo desarrollar sensores y analizadores basados en el uso de microhilos ferromagnéticos para ser embebidos en piezas estructurales compuestas, con el fin de monitorizar la fabricación y la salud estructural a lo largo de todo el ciclo de vida del componente. El sistema de monitoreo inalámbrico permitirá producir señales digitales y gran conjunto de datos vinculados con el espécimen para crear un gemelo digital de la estructura construida que también representará toda la historia desde que se fabricó a través de todas las operaciones de mantenimiento realizadas. Esto proporcionará los medios para desarrollar una garantía de calidad precisa, rentable y personalizada de los componentes compuestos aeroespaciales a lo largo de toda su vida útil, asegurando que las estructuras aeroespaciales estén bien posicionadas para cumplir con las estrategias económicas circulares actuales, pero altamente exigentes.
Abstract
Uno de los mayores desafíos a los que se enfrenta la industria aeronáutica europea es la necesidad de ofrecer tecnologías digitales transformadoras para [...]
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Teaching Food and Beverage Services Through Gamification
H. Nonado, . IJMERI

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research and Innovation (2023). https://www.ijmeri.com/nonado-h

Abstract
Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) in the Philippines is continuously progressing due to the demand of global community in technical skills. In this progression in education, inadequate teaching and learning materials, and teaching strategy that are suitable in the new curriculum becomes a problem inside the classroom. The use of technology is constantly upgrading the classroom environment. It is being used by teachers to enhance the creativity, innovation, and engagement of their teaching methods. Moreover, it has the capability to increase student’s attainment and escalate their future opportunities, whatever career they choose. Among this innovative teaching strategy is gamification. Gamification is a teaching strategy that increases students’ participation, wherein teacher uses technology game-based to discuss lessons or to do task. This study is intended to determine the effects of gamification as teaching strategy through the performance of selected Grade 9 students in Bagong Silangan High School and to know the challenges encounter using this strategy. Furthermore, this study employed Quasi-experimental design of research. According to White and Sabarwal (2014), quasi-experimental design is known to be the association of groups that is as similar as possible to the experimental group when it comes to the characteristics of pre-intervention. The comparison group captures what would have been the outcomes if the intervention had not been implemented. Hence, the intervention can be said to have cause any difference in outcomes between the treatment and comparison groups. Based on the data gathered, the following major findings are: The academic performance of both control and experimental group on their first quarter grade in Food and Beverage Services is equal before the start of the experiment. The performance of control group in pretest is slightly advance compared to the experimental group. During posttest, students taught using gamification, gained advantage over those taught using the traditional approach. And based on the retention test scores of the students, experimental group advances more over control group. The performance of control group in pretest is slightly advance compared to the experimental group. During posttest, students taught using gamification, gained advantage over those taught using the traditional approach. And based on the retention test scores of the students, experimental group advances more over control group. And lastly, problems encountered by the students in gamification comes in accessing different websites while the lesson is on-going, no, or slow internet connection, no gadgets available, compatibility of the application to the device, time consuming and it makes the class unruly.
Abstract
Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) in the Philippines is continuously progressing due to the demand of global community in technical skills. In this progression in [...]
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Design and manufacture of 3D printed cores for the integration of photovoltaic cells in sandwich panels
I. Sukia, A. Esnaola, J. Aizpurua, W. Cambarau, J. Hernández, J. Aurrekoetxea

Materiales Compuestos (2023). Vol. 08 - COMUNICACIONES MATCOMP21 (2022) Y MATCOMP23 (2023), (Núm. 2 - Fabricación y Aplicaciones Industriales - Sostenibilidad y Reciclaje.), 44

Abstract
Multifunctional sandwich panels that can lighten and generate electrical energy are strategic for many industrial sectors, such as electric vehicle roofs or drones. This work analyses the integration of crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells between the glass/epoxy skins and the core manufactured by 3D printing with a polyamide reinforced with short carbon fibres. 3D printing has enabled the development of lightweight and stiff cores, with integrated wiring and junction box housings within the sandwich structure, as well as facilitators for the skin infusion process. The core design, with ramps on the periphery, facilitates the lamination and impregnation flow in the infusion process and the re-coating operations after infusion. The results, comparing the performance of the sandwich panel with and without integrated photovoltaic cells, show that the effect on the mechanical properties of the sandwich panel is not very significant. The maximum force recorded under a complex bending-twisting load is 11% lower with cells, but no delamination phenomena were observed in any case. As for the penetration energies under quasi-static and impact loads, the energies recorded for structures with photovoltaic cells are 5% and 2% lower respectively.
Abstract
Multifunctional sandwich panels that can lighten and generate electrical energy are strategic for many industrial sectors, such as electric vehicle roofs or drones. This work [...]
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Implementation guidelines for the application of innovative composite manufacturing processes in the shipbuilding industry
I. Saenz-Dominguez, R. Pereira, I. Ruiz de Eguino, A. Arruti, I. Tena

Materiales Compuestos (2023). Vol. 08 - COMUNICACIONES MATCOMP21 (2022) Y MATCOMP23 (2023), (Núm. 2 - Fabricación y Aplicaciones Industriales - Sostenibilidad y Reciclaje.), 38

Abstract
Composites are still playing an important role in the strategic agendas of industries associated with the transport sector, such as the shipbuilding industry. This is mainly because composites are a key element in lightening structures due to their elevated strength-to-weight characteristics, excellent corrosion resistance and low maintenance costs. However, the production capacity in the number of Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) ships nowadays is not achieving its full potential due to high total production costs. Thus, to maintain or even expand the competitive position of the EU shipbuilding industry it is essential to improve, optimize and automate the production processes for FRP parts. The European Project Fibre4Yards (This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101006860) addresses this challenge through the implementation of the Shipyard 4.0 concept and applying innovative FRP manufacturing technologies to the shipbuilding industry such as: curved pultruded profiles, automated fibre placement (ATP), adaptive moulds, additive manufacturing, and hot stamping. This work proves that during the adaptation process of certain manufacturing technologies to a new market, the decision-making stage must follow some specific steps: from the first analysis of the technical feasibility and the perception of the market of each technology, to the final measurements of the achieved improvements. Therefore, in this paper, implementation guidelines on adapting new composite manufacturing processes to the shipbuilding industry are presented, based on their evolution from the initial state to the final improvements.
Abstract
Composites are still playing an important role in the strategic agendas of industries associated with the transport sector, such as the shipbuilding industry. This is mainly [...]
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Effect of the chemical surrounding on the properties of aged PEEK and Glass Reinforced PA66
O. Sanchez Sobrado, N. Visniakov, G. Bureika, R. Rosal, . Elena

Olalla Sanchez Sobrado's personal collection (2023). 1

Abstract
A study is presented on the response thermoplastic composite to aging conditions in presence of lubricants. Glass Fiber reinforced Polyamaide 66 (GF PA66) are proposed as commercial material already used in the field while Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) is proposed as novel polymeric candidate material due to its chemical stability and high mechanical performance. Accelerated aging tests were carried out to study the response of these materials to external chemical agents under different conditions. Afterwards, a complete set of mechanical and physical tests and characterization procedures were carried out, before and after ageing on suitable samples of the polymers in combination with lubricants, to evaluate the effects of the chemical environment on the mechanical and physical properties of the polymers.
Abstract
A study is presented on the response thermoplastic composite to aging conditions in presence of lubricants. Glass Fiber reinforced Polyamaide 66 (GF PA66) are proposed as [...]
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Mechanical recycling of composites for profile production by pultrusion
S. Quiles-Díaz*, A. Gálvez Moreno, E. Barriguete, M. Hernández, A. Menaza, A. Farre.

Materiales Compuestos (2023). Vol. 08 - COMUNICACIONES MATCOMP21 (2022) Y MATCOMP23 (2023), (Núm. 2 - Fabricación y Aplicaciones Industriales - Sostenibilidad y Reciclaje.), 45

Abstract
The investigation into recycling methodologies for composite materials has emerged as a prominent area of study, encompassing both theoretical research and practical implementation. Within this context, the present study focuses on the mechanical recycling of obsolete epoxy resin pieces reinforced with fiberglass, which are subsequently repurposed as fillers in the production of new profiles through pultrusion technology. A comprehensive examination of the grinding process, granulometric distribution, and rheological properties of the final system was conducted, with the objective of maximizing the filler content within the resin while optimizing the properties of the manufactured profile. Consequently, a flat profile measuring 10 cm in width was successfully fabricated, which incorporates the recycled filler comprising up to 30 % of the resin’s total weight. This achievement was realized by employing a pultrusion system measuring 25 meters in length, coupled with a heated flat plate mold spanning 80 cm. Following the fabrication of the profile, an extensive characterization of both its physicochemical properties and mechanical behavior was conducted to investigate the influence of filler on the ultimate product. The outcomes obtained demonstrate compelling evidence that the incorporation of the recovered filler effectively enhances the interlaminar properties of the pultruded composite materials, thereby underscoring the inherent potential of the charge as a reinforcing agent.
Abstract
The investigation into recycling methodologies for composite materials has emerged as a prominent area of study, encompassing both theoretical research and practical implementation. [...]
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The Stone Powder Wall Shaping Mechanism on Machine-made Sand
L. , P. Sun, S. , Y. Song, H. , X. Tong

Presentations Repository of the International Centre for Numerical Methods in Engineering (CIMNE) (2023). 1

Abstract
At present, the researches on the mechanical properties of sand aggregate mainly focus on the shaping process of particles, and lack the researches on the crushing mechanism. This paper first defines the shaping process of stone powder wall, and explores the crushing mechanism of sand aggregate by adopting multiple times of small energy crushing. The effect of energy is investigated by simulation and experiment. The machine-made sand crushing mechanism is analyzed by establishing corresponding contact mathematical models. The result shows that the stone powder wall involves two mathematical models under impact: the elastic-plastic model at low impact velocity and the elastic-brittle model at high impact velocity. '''Key words:''' machine-made sand; stone powder wall; crushing mechanism; mechanical contact model
Abstract
At present, the researches on the mechanical properties of sand aggregate mainly focus on the shaping process of particles, and lack the researches on the crushing mechanism. [...]
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Optimal ordering policies in response to a disposable coupon
A. Zu, M. Yue

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2023). Vol. 39, (2), 25

Abstract
This study investigates a retailer's ordering strategy under the framework of the economic order quantity (EOQ) model. A supplier offers a retailer a disposable coupon and allows it to place a special order at any time in a promotion period. The promotion period is not necessary short and shortages are allowed throughout the time horizon. In addition to the special order time and the special order quantity, the retailer needs to decide whether to place some regular orders in the promotion period before placing the special order for the purpose of making better use of this coupon. We show that the coupon should be used to the retailer's first order in the promotion period regardless of the duration of the promotion period. Moreover, the retailer's maximum inventory level is higher than that in the classical EOQ model. We find that a longer promotion period can benefit the retailer by endowing it with more flexibility in its decision-making. Therefore, the supplier can improve the cash flow and reduce the overstock by integrating a disposable coupon with a longer promotion period. Numerous managerial insights are obtained from sensitivity analysis and numerical experiments.
Abstract
This study investigates a retailer's ordering strategy under the framework of the economic order quantity (EOQ) model. A supplier offers a retailer a disposable coupon [...]
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FRP Offshore Structure Connections Optimization and Validation by Classification Society standards
A. Borrás, F. Otero, X. Martinez

marine2023.

Abstract
This paper discusses the use of composite materials in the design process of a horizontal bracing to column connection of an offshore semi-submersible platform to support two wind turbines. The geometry of the connection was optimized to improve the performance and reliability of the connection, columns and bracing tubes. These offshore foundations usually deal with massive structural tubes, and they are used to fit a huge amount of stiffeners. This paper will show how using some horizontal stiffeners combined with their intersection with horizontal bracings tubes, can improve drastically the behavior of the connection. A comparison between conventional materials (steel) and advanced materials (E-glass fibres and epoxy matrix) was performed and it was demonstrated how the use of composite materials makes necessary to modify the connection geometry and configuration to obtain an equivalent performance. This is due to the very different stiffness behavior shown by composites and steel. Therefore, the design of an offshore connection must be approached differently according to the used material. The composite laminate layout design process was also made. The material was evaluated using a Bureau Veritas normative note specifically applicable to composite ship hulls, but adapted to the needs of the materials used in this design, in terms of raw material requirements. The design process of a laminate panel of the connection is shown using the above mentioned standard. All data and results shown here were harvested within the scope of the European research project Fibregy (EU Horizon 2020, Ref. 952966).
Abstract
This paper discusses the use of composite materials in the design process of a horizontal bracing to column connection of an offshore semi-submersible platform to support [...]
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Charismatic species should be large: the role of admiration and fear
P. Prokop, M. Zvarikova, M. Zvarik, Z. Jezova, P. Fedor

Charismatic species should be large: the role of admiration and fear (2023). People and Nature
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An improved FEM-DEM coupling simulation for granular-media-based thin-wall elbow tube push-bending process
H. Liu, G. Ma, Z. Geng

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2023). Vol. 39, (2), 17

Abstract
The granular-media-based push-bending process has been developed to manufacture thin-wall elbow tube with t/D≤0.01 (the ratio of wall thickness to outer diameter) and R/D≤1.5 (the ratio of bending radius to outer diameter). In the process, a tubular blank is filled with granular media and then pushed into a die to form an elbow shape. To investigate the process, a FEM-DEM coupling model has been developed, in which FEM is used to simulate bending deformation of tubular blank, and DEM is used to calculate contact forces between spherical particles in granular media. In this work, an improved numerical formulation is proposed in order to reach mechanical equilibrium quickly and accelerate the convergence of DEM simulation, when the new contacts are no longer created and the old contacts are no longer deleted in granular media. Using the proposed numerical formulation, the improved FEM-DEM coupling simulation for granular-media-based thin-wall elbow tube push-bending process is less time-consuming than before under the same simulation condition.
Abstract
The granular-media-based push-bending process has been developed to manufacture thin-wall elbow tube with t/D≤0.01 (the ratio of wall thickness to outer diameter) and R/D≤1.5 [...]
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An analytical solution to soil consolidation around a pile considering earthquake effect
Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, X. Xu

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2023). Vol. 39, (2), 19

Abstract
In this paper, an analytical solution is developed to investigate soil consolidation around a pile under earthquake loading. The solution is validated using finite element method. The influence of various parameters on excess pore water pressure is analyzed. The results show that excess pore water pressure increases with depth and is positively correlated with n and Neq/N1, while negatively correlated with η, χ, kv, and td. The values of η, χ, kv, Neq/N1, and td affect excess pore water pressure during and after the earthquake, while the value of n only affects excess pore water pressure after the earthquake. The growth rate of excess pore water pressure during the earthquake is positively correlated with n, η, kv, and Neq/N1, and negatively correlated with χ and td. The dissipation rate of excess pore water pressure during the earthquake is positively correlated with η, χ, kv, Neq/N1, and td, and negatively correlated with n. Additionally, a formula for calculating the reconsolidation settlement of pile-soil foundation after an earthquake is proposed, and the effects of pile and soil parameters on pile-soil foundation reconsolidation settlement are analyzed. The results indicate that reconsolidation settlement can be divided into two stages: rapid settlement stage and slow settlement stage. The total settlement of the foundation is positively correlated with n, η, and Neq/N1, while negatively correlated with χ, kv, and td.
Abstract
In this paper, an analytical solution is developed to investigate soil consolidation around a pile under earthquake loading. The solution is validated using finite element [...]
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«NAIVE EPISTEMOLOGY: ARE OUR CONTEMPORARIES SPONTANEOUS FOLLOWERS OF DESCARTES?»
V. Spiridonov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 112

Abstract
Subject of study The subject of naive epistemology can be defined more narrowly: it studies naive ideas about the nature and nature of knowledge. Researchers in this field are also interested in how people receive and transmit knowledge, and under the influence of what factors this knowledge is transformed in the process of communication? Goal The main purpose of the study is to find answers to the following questions: how do modern educated adults describe the interaction of mind and body? Are they spontaneous empiricists or rationalists? How do they cope with the explanation of cognitive paradoxes? Relevance In the second half of the 20th century, disciplines such as naive psychology and theory of consciousness were born, which study beliefs, assumptions and hypotheses about the world in everyday life, their influence on behavior and the development of processes that cause these processes. Researchers in this field are also interested in how people receive and transmit knowledge, and under the influence of what factors this knowledge is transformed in the process of communication. Do people rely on induction and empirical evidence in favor of their ideas (naive empiricism), or deductively deduce knowledge from premises that they consider axioms (naive rationalism). Scientific novelty Over the past decade, due to the proliferation of studies using reaction time analysis, which allows us to study the functioning of intuitive theories, a lot of empirical evidence has accumulated indicating the stability of early intuitive theories. The white spot in such works remains precisely the stability of ideas during a specific study. As a rule, each stimulus that needs to be evaluated is presented only once, which complicates the possibility of checking how consistent the subjects are in their responses related to the same mental model. Methods It is planned to conduct a series of factorial experimental studies using special network services (such as Pavlovia). Results Mental models explaining different options for acquiring knowledge about knowledge (i.e., theories of naive epistemology) are classified; The analysis and systematization of existing experimental methods for studying mental models has been carried out; A plan has been developed for an experimental method of analyzing mental models of naive epistemology based on the reaction time of the responses of the subjects. Conclusion The differences in reaction time for conflicting and congruent statements can be explained in different ways. One of the possibilities is related to the functioning of mental models. On the one hand, the elements of the semantic network are activated by the first response, which provides acceleration of «closer», but not "distant" elements of it. On the other hand, the differences in response time may be due to the activation of inhibitory processes in the situation of verification of conflicting statements. Although the result is quite expected, the mechanisms of such a phenomenon remain an urgent topic for further research. Recommendations The results of this research can be used in the interests of the Department of Science, High Technology and Education of the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as the Council for Science and Education under the President of the Russian Federation for • scientific and methodological support for changes in social sectors aimed at improving the effectiveness of education and science; • analysis of fundamental and long-term factors of trends in the formation of state policy in the field of scientific and innovative development; • qualitative improvement of education standards in the humanitarian sphere. Possible practical significance of research: analysis and prognostic examination of long-term factors and trends in the formation of state policy in the field of organization, development of education, public relations, as well as improvement of personnel policy.
Abstract
Subject of study The subject of naive epistemology can be defined more narrowly: it studies naive ideas about the nature and nature of knowledge. Researchers [...]
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THE MAIN TRENDS IN THE SHADOW LABOR MARKET
A. Pokida, I. Gazieva, N. Zybunovskaya

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 113

Abstract
This scientific report presents a study conducted by the Research Center for Social and Political Monitoring of the RANEPA Institute of Social Sciences. The relevance of research. A significant part of the able-bodied population in the country is engaged in in the shadow economy, with a significant amount of funds remaining unaccounted for. There is an obvious need to resolve the conflict of interest between the state and the citizens involved in the shadow economy, to stimulate official employment and limit non-criminal shadow economic activity while maintaining a balance of interests of all economic actors. The goal of the study is to analyze and evaluate the dynamics of the involvement of various groups of the employed population in the shadow labor market, to find optimal solutions stimulating official employment and limiting non-criminal shadow economic activity. The subject of the study is the state and dynamics of the formation of the shadow labor market in modern conditions. The main research method is an all-Russian sociological survey of the employed Russian population and a comparison of the results obtained with earlier surveys. Based on the results of the study, this paper presents an analysis and assessment of the dynamics of the involvement of various groups of the employed population in various forms of shadow relations in the labor market. The study allows us to draw the following conclusions. The results of the study show that over the past two years there has been an increase in the participation of the public in the shadow economy. The largest proportion of informal workers is still noted among those employed in private practice as their main job. Among the hired workers, the share of those without formal registration remains unchanged and even increased slightly over the past year. In general, a significant share of the employed population continues to be quite loyal to various manifestations of non-criminal shadow economic activity. This situation creates the prerequisites for maintaining the involvement of the population in the shadow labor market. Among the measures contributing to the reduction of informal employment, the respondents primarily note a reduction in tax payments, a decrease in social inequality and an increase in the role of social guarantees and social protection for workers in the formal economy. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that it seeks to obtain up-to-date sociological information about the main processes taking place in the shadow labor market, their development trends in a changing epidemiological and socio-economic situation. The recommendations based on the results of the study are related to the need to adjust management decisions in the field of stimulating official employment and limiting the participation of the population in the shadow labor market.
Abstract
This scientific report presents a study conducted by the Research Center for Social and Political Monitoring of the RANEPA Institute of Social Sciences. The relevance of research. [...]
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BEHAVIORAL PRACTICES OF THE POPULATION TO PROTECT ITS HEALTH
A. Pokida, I. Gazieva, N. Zybunovskaya

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 114

Abstract
This scientific report presents a study conducted by the Research Center for Social and Political Monitoring of the RANEPA Institute for Social Sciences. The relevance of research. Protecting the public health is a priority of state policy. The quality of life of citizens, their labor potential, and the health of future generations depend on the state of health. The pandemic has changed the habitual way of life for the Russians, as it affected their ideas on how to maintain their health, exacerbated the contradiction between the values of a healthy lifestyle and the actual behavior of the citizens. In this regard, it is necessary to constantly diagnose the current situation in the sphere of self-preservation behavior of Russians. The goal of the study is to identify, analyze and evaluate changes in the key behavioral practices of various social and demographic groups of the Russian population aimed at improving the state of health; to assess the priority areas of state policy for the formation of a healthy lifestyle of the population. The object of the study is the behavioral practices of various social and demographic groups of the Russian population related to healthy lifestyles. The main research method is an all-Russian sociological survey based on a sample representing the territorial distribution of the Russian population, the ratio of residents in different types of settlements, as well as the main socio-demographic groups, and comparing the results with the results of earlier surveys. Based on the results of the study, this paper presents an analysis of changes in the main behavioral practices of various social and demographic groups of the Russian population, aimed at improving the state of public health. The study allows us to draw the following conclusions. Despite an increase in the demand for qualified medical care in case of a discomfort or illness, self-treatment remains a common practice. There is still a significant number of citizens who are deprived of necessary medical services and medicines due to a lack of money or the unavailability of suitable medical professionals in their area of residence. Most of the respondents believe that they have a healthy lifestyle, but over the past year, the proportion of citizens with this point of view does not show positive dynamics. Meanwhile, these statements by the respondents tend to differ from the actual behavior practice. Some of them, despite classifying themselves as leading a healthy lifestyle, continue smoking or using alcohol regularly. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that it seeks to obtain up-to-date sociological information about the health condition of citizens in a changing epidemiological and socio-economic situation, the impact of various behavioral practices on their physical and social well-being. Recommendations based on the results of the study are related to the need to adjust management decisions related to promoting a healthy lifestyle of the population based on the findings of the study.
Abstract
This scientific report presents a study conducted by the Research Center for Social and Political Monitoring of the RANEPA Institute for Social Sciences. The relevance of [...]
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INFORMAL ECONOMY WORKERS: WELLBEING AND NEED OF SOCIAL ASSISTANCE
E. Tsatsura, E. Grishina

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 115

Abstract
The challenges for the socio-economic situation in the country have been growing since 2020. The issues of prompt, accessible and sufficient state support for different population groups affected by the current crisis come to the fore, which emphasizes the relevance of this work. The goal of the study is to analyze the prevalence of employment in the informal economy, the financial situation of workers employed in the informal economy, their social support coverage and the need for additional social assistance. The objectives of the study are to analyze the prevalence of informal employment and employment in the informal sector, including among various socio-demographic groups of workers, as well as to analyze the financial situation, social support coverage and the need for additional social assistance for informally employed workers and workers in the informal sector. The methods used include the analysis of data from the Rosstat Labor Force Survey for 2019, 2020 and 2021, as well as the analysis of data from RANEPA surveys conducted in December 2021 and September 2022. The object of the study is those employed in the informal economy in Russia. The subject of the study is the prevalence of employment in the informal economy, the financial situation of workers employed in the informal economy, the social support coverage and the need for additional social assistance. The results of the study show that the share of people working in the informal economy as their main place of work in 2019-2020 amounted to 18-19% of the total number of employees. Among those employed in the informal economy, there is a higher share of men, young workers, people with a lower level of education, employed as blue-collar workers, in the service sector, trade, agriculture and construction. Informally employed employees face increased risks of monetary and deprivation poverty, are more likely to be forced to spend savings, and have high risks of losing their jobs and reducing labor incomes. At the same time, individual entrepreneurs and the self-employed are in a better position than the working population as a whole. The results obtained contribute to the development of ideas about the financial situation of the workers employed in the informal economy.
Abstract
The challenges for the socio-economic situation in the country have been growing since 2020. The issues of prompt, accessible and sufficient state support for different population [...]
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Indecision about vaccination: individual, organizational, contextual factors
S. Korzhuk

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 116

Abstract
Developing and successfully implementing effective vaccination programs requires understanding the peculiarities of the people’s attitude towards vaccination. The prevalence of indecision regarding vaccination (understood as refusing or postponing vaccination despite the availability of vaccines) among the population can undermine the formation of collective immunity and compromise the effectiveness of vaccination programs. The goal of this work is to analyze the key factors influencing the people’s behavior and attitude towards vaccination. For this purpose, the authors review domestic and foreign studies devoted of the public behavior and attitude towards vaccination. As a result, three large groups of factors of population behavior in relation to vaccination are described: individual, organizational, and contextual. The most important socio-demographic predictors of readiness to be vaccinated are age and level of education. Such psychological features as the presence of cognitive distortions, intuitive thinking style, highly reactive temperament type contribute to indecision regarding vaccination. Other significant determinants of the readiness for vaccination are a high level of trust in the government, political actors, science and health authorities, social and interpersonal trust. In the context of the pandemic, concerns about the safety and effectiveness of vaccines and unknown long-term side effects have become the main reasons for hesitation regarding vaccination. At the same time, awareness about the vaccines and the diseases they prevent, the availability of reliable and transparent information is positively associated with the willingness to get vaccinated. The intention to get vaccinated will be higher if the perceived probability of COVID-19 infection is high and the expected consequences for one's own and others’ health and well-being are assessed as serious. Previous vaccination experience, the presence of those vaccinated against COVID-19 and/or those who have contracted the disease in one’s social environment can act as the incentives for vaccination. The most important organizational factors contributing to a positive attitude and desire to get vaccinated are the availability of vaccination services, high awareness of the vaccines and a positive attitude towards them on the part of medical professionals. At the same time, the short development time of the new vaccines, the novelty of some platforms carrying the COVID-19 vaccine antigen, contribute to indecision regarding vaccination. Contextual factors include historical, political, and socio-cultural factors, as well as the state of the communication and information environment.
Abstract
Developing and successfully implementing effective vaccination programs requires understanding the peculiarities of the people’s attitude towards vaccination. The prevalence [...]
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International Migrants and Indigenous Residents in the Russian Labor Market: An Empirical Analysis Based on Labor Force Survey Data
Y. Florinskaya, M. Kartseva

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 117

Abstract
Millions of international migrants are living in Russia today. This paper, based on Rosstat’s “Selective Observation of Migrant Labor” survey conducted in 2019, provides an econometric comparative analysis of the labor market situation for migrants arriving to Russia since 1992 vs. the local population. The migrants’ situation is compared by multiple indicators, depending on the duration of their residence in Russia – less than one year; one to five years; 5 years or more. It is demonstrated that the migration has no statistically significant effect on the availability of paid employment. At the same time, the sectoral structure of employment, as well as the structure of employment in terms of occupational groups, show significant differences depending on the period of migrants’ stay in Russia. Recent migrants, living in Russia for less than 5 years, are significantly more likely to work in construction and trade, and much less likely to go into healthcare, education, or public administration, compared to those who have been living in Russia for more than 5 years. At the same time, old-timer migrants are much more likely to be middle or top-level specialists, or to hold managerial positions. The most notable differences between the situations of recent and old-timer migrants, as well as the locals, can be observed in labor relations between the employee and the employer. All other things being equal, recent migrants are significantly more likely to have no formal employment contract, as opposed to old-timer migrants or the locals. The longer the migrants stay in Russia, the more they adapt to the Russian labor market, and with a sufficiently long period of residence, the labor market shows almost no difference between the situations of migrants and the locals
Abstract
Millions of international migrants are living in Russia today. This paper, based on Rosstat’s “Selective Observation of Migrant Labor” survey conducted in [...]
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THE SOCIAL SITUATION IN RUSSIA IN 2022: INCOME OF THE POPULATION AND THE NEED FOR SOCIAL SUPPORT
T. Maleva, E. Tsatsura

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 118

Abstract
Given the significant current challenges for the socio-economic situation of the country, it is important to monitor the main indicators of the financial situation of the public, which emphasizes the relevance of this work. The goal of the study is to analyze statistical and sociological indicators of income and poverty of the population, as well as the need for additional social assistance. The objectives of the study are to analyze the dynamics of the following indicators: real disposable incomes of the population, the real size of the assigned pensions, the real wages of employees of various organizations, the retail turnover, the consumer price index, the total cash income, the amount of remuneration for employees of various organizations, the structure of cash income, the usage structure of cash incomes, the share of the population with cash incomes below the poverty line. Within the framework of the sociological section, the objective of the study is to analyze the public opinion about the financial situation of the families and its change, the availability of savings, and the need for social support. The methods used include the review of Rosstat data for 2022, as well as the analysis of findings from a survey conducted by RANEPA during 2022. The object of the study is the financial situation of the population in Russia. The subject of the study is the dynamics of indicators describing income and poverty. The results of the study show that in 2022 there is a decrease in real wages, real pensions and real disposable incomes of the population, retail trade turnover, and an increase in inflation. All this indicates an increase in the risks of poverty. Polls show that about a quarter of the population only has enough money to buy food, or even less than that; almost a third of the respondents have per capita incomes of less than 1 subsistence minimum. More than a third of the respondents have practically no savings: if they happen to lose all their income streams, they will be able to cover current expenses for no more than one month. More than half of the respondents report their need for additional social payments, more than 20% talk about the need for free food packages.
Abstract
Given the significant current challenges for the socio-economic situation of the country, it is important to monitor the main indicators of the financial situation of the [...]
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KEY TRENDS IN THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES-REGIONAL CENTERS OF THE FAR EASTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT
D. Zemlyanskiy, V. Chuzhenkova, A. Abdullaev, L. Kalinovskiy, D. Medvednikova

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 119

Abstract
The research work presents a comprehensive analysis of the socio-economic development of the cities in Russia’s Far Eastern Federal District (DFO) and reflects both the current level of territorial development and the dynamics of key parameters over the period under review. The study is relevant due to the fact that Russian cities in recent years have regularly become the subject of discussion and analysis, both among the scientific community and among government representatives. The cities of the Far East are a priority given the remoteness of the territories and the number of projects implemented here in recent years. The goal of the study is to perform basic diagnostics of the socio-economic development of the regional centers of the Far Eastern Federal District and to identify medium- and long-term trends in the development of regional capitals of the macro region. To achieve this goal, the following objectives are identified: conducting socio-economic diagnostics of the socio-economic situation of the DFO regional capitals; comparing the development context of the DFO regional capitals ; identifying sustainable medium- and long-term trends (the choice of a time slice depends on the availability of data for each indicator). The work relies on open data sources. First of all, these include Rosstat data (data from the Rosstat website, the statistical collections of the department, EMISS (Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistics System) and BDPMO (Municipal Formations Performance Database) databases). For the parts of the work where there are no special links to the data source, Rosstat data is used. In addition, departmental data of the Federal Treasury, the Federal Tax Service, the Federal Air Transport Agency, etc. was used for individual sections. The key research methods used were: statistical analysis, economic analysis, mapping and GIS analysis, infographic construction methods and comparative analysis. The results of the study showed a significant differentiation between the DFO regional capitals in terms of the socio-economic development level and its dynamics in recent years. The best situation is observed in the capitals of extractive regions (due to high salaries and tax revenues of mining companies), as well as the key macro-regional centers, the largest in terms of population, Vladivostok and Khabarovsk, although the latter is noticeably inferior in terms of the residents’ personal income and local budget indicators. The situation is the worst in other regional centers along the Southern border of the Far Eastern Federal District, where low income compared to the national level fails to stimulate the development of market service industries, the share of "shadow" employment is high, and the real sectors of the urban economy are characterized by extended depression and low investment appeal, despite the potential of extractive industry development and trans-border opportunities. The research materials will be useful to the executive authorities at different levels, urban stakeholders and a broad range of experts and analysts.
Abstract
The research work presents a comprehensive analysis of the socio-economic development of the cities in Russia’s Far Eastern Federal District (DFO) and reflects both [...]
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THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF FUNCTIONS, STRUCTURE AND ELEMENTS OF THE SYSTEM OF PROFESSIONAL CULTURE OF CIVIL SERVANTS
T. Bogatyreva, S. Martynova, T. Lavrova, S. Evarovich, N. Gotovschikova, A. Yaroshenko

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 120

Abstract
The object of the research is the functions, structure and elements of civil servants’ professional culture system. It is undergoing transformation, following the changes that public administration undergoes under the influence of a service/client-centric development trend that meets current societal transformations and the possibilities of the technological revolution. The goal of the study is to systematize the range of mechanisms for developing a modern professional culture of civil service, primarily from the standpoint of client-centricity. The objectives are to identify the clientcentered governance values, highlighting the main characteristics of the modern professional civil service culture, which can be treated as the fundamental basis for its development; analyze modern tools for the formation and development of key values of civil servants, including, first of all, the values of the client-centered state. The research method is the review of scientific and professional sources from the standpoint of their reflecting the conceptual and instrumental aspects of the formation of the professional civil service culture. As a result, numerous characteristics of the modern professional civil service culture are identified, which can be attributed to the fundamental basis for the development of a client-centered culture and are based on the generalization of foreign and Russian experience. An ecosystem approach to the formation and development of components of a client-centered professional civil service culture is proposed. The novelty of this research work is determined by the lack of Russian or foreign scientific studies of tools that would be directly focused on the development of a client-centered professional culture, as well as the technologies through which these tools are to be used. Theprospects are related to the relevance of the introduction of client-centricity in the Russian government agencies, in accordance with the testing of respective tools, which began in 2022. They are also related to the need to update the scientific agenda of the professional culture formation with the issue of the productivity of introducing the values of client-centricity into the activities of government authorities.
Abstract
The object of the research is the functions, structure and elements of civil servants’ professional culture system. It is undergoing transformation, following the changes [...]
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GOVERNANCE QUALITY AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL: METHODIC APPROACH TO EVALUATION
E. Dobrolyubova, A. Starostina

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 121

Abstract
The need for systemic efforts to improve governance quality at the regional level makes the subject of the study highly relevant to the policy agenda. The goal of the study is to develop and test a methodological approach to measuring the quality of governance at the regional level. The subject of the study includes governance performance at the regional level in Russia. The authors apply general analytical scientific methods such as quantitative, qualitative, and comparative analysis. The study is based on a review of statistical, administrative data, as well as regulatory documents, regional strategic documents, and related implementation performance reports. The study results include a review of existing approaches to measuring governance quality at the regional level, a methodological approach to evaluating the quality of governance and the results of its application. The study concludes that there is significant variation in terms of governance quality both within one region (i.e., over various quality parameters) and among regions. The dynamics of governance quality indicators also varies among regions, with some territories demonstrating improvements and others deterioration. The interregional variation cannot be explained exclusively by difference in the resources available. The regions with better governance quality demonstrate better social and economic performance. Improving quality of public governance would call for adapting reform approaches to specific regional needs. The novelty of the paper is related, first of all, to adaptation of governance performance indicators and testing the system based on the regional data, undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of the justification, effectiveness, and efficiency of the governance in Russian regions. It is recommended to use the methodology proposed in the paper for preparing and implementing governance improvement programs at the regional level.
Abstract
The need for systemic efforts to improve governance quality at the regional level makes the subject of the study highly relevant to the policy agenda. The goal of the study [...]
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GOVERNMENT DIGITALIZATION: EVALUATING EFFECTIVENESS AND RISKS FROM PUBLIC PERSPECTIVE
E. Dobrolyubova, V. Uzhakov, A. Pokida, N. Zybunovskaya

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 108

Abstract
Digital transformation is one of Russia’s national goals and development objectives. Therefore, monitoring sociological studies aimed at collecting public perceptions of effectiveness and risks of government digitalization are highly relevant. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the effects of government digitalization from the public perspective. The subject of the study is the interaction between the state (public authorities and state institutions) and citizens with the use of digital technologies during the performance of publicly relevant government functions. The primary method of the study is a representative sociological public survey. The results presented in the paper contain an evaluation of the effectiveness of government digitalization from the citizens’ perspective, an analysis of the public readiness to engage in digital interaction with the public authorities as well as an evaluation of the risks associated with government digitalization, as perceived by the public. The paper demonstrates that a vast majority of Russians (88.2 percent) have engaged in digital interaction with the state over the past year. The study concludes that while overall evaluation of government digitalization effectiveness in terms of improving governance quality is positive, some areas are more problematic. For instance, less than a quarter of the respondents feels that the use of digital technology has improved the quality of education. Despite significant experience in digital interaction with the state, most respondents are not always ready to choose the digital channel for every issue. The choice of digital channel over other possible interaction means mostly depends on digital skills. The respondents evaluate the risks associated with government digitalization as high. Better educated respondents with higher digital skills are more likely to note that government digitalization risks are substantial, compared to other citizens. The novelty of the study is related to developing and implementing sociological instruments for measuring effectiveness and risks of government digitalization as perceived by the public. The paper recommends to account for the public evaluation of digital government effectiveness and risks while planning and implementing the government’s digital transformation initiatives at the federal and at the regional level.
Abstract
Digital transformation is one of Russia’s national goals and development objectives. Therefore, monitoring sociological studies aimed at collecting public perceptions [...]
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QUALITY OF GOVERNMENT REGULATORY ENFORCEMENT AND REGULATORY BURDEN LEVEL IN 2022: EVALUATION FROM PRIVATE BUSINESS PERSPECTIVE
V. Uzhakov, E. Dobrolyubova, A. Pokida, N. Zybunovskaya

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 109

Abstract
Evaluating the outcomes of the large-scale reforms of regulatory policies and enforcement and inspection practices conducted in Russia requires a business perspective, making this study highly relevant to the current governance agenda. The goal of the paper is to evaluate the private businesses’ perceptions regarding the quality of state regulatory enforcement and inspection activities and the regulatory burden on businesses. The subject of the study is the quality of state regulatory enforcement and inspection activities, including its justification, effectiveness, and efficiency, and the regulatory burden. The key method of the study is a representative sociological survey of private business entities. The results presented in the paper include the analysis of private business perceptions regarding all parameters of state regulatory enforcement and inspection quality (justification, effectiveness, and efficiency) as well as evaluations of regulatory burden. The study concludes that the perceptions of justified nature and efficiency of state regulatory enforcement activities have improved, compared to the outcomes of previous surveys conducted in 2017, 2020, and 2021. The business perceptions of adequacy of the regulatory requirements and the ease of compliance have also improved. However, the perceived impact of state regulatory enforcement on reducing risks of damage to the public values still remains low. No significant changes have been recorded in the perception of regulatory burden. The novelty of the study is related to collection and analysis of new empirical data on how businesses perceive the quality of regulatory enforcement and inspection activities and regulatory burden. The recommendations made based on the study results suggest the need for further improvement of both regulatory enforcement and regulation itself. Both regulation and regulatory enforcement activities should be more oriented at minimizing the risks of damage to public values and strengthening the positive impact of inspection activity on the safety of business facilities, processes and products
Abstract
Evaluating the outcomes of the large-scale reforms of regulatory policies and enforcement and inspection practices conducted in Russia requires a business perspective, making [...]
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PROTECTION OF PUBLIC VALUES: EVALUATING STATE REGULATORY ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY FROM CITIZEN PERSPECTIVE
V. Uzhakov, A. Pokida, E. Dobrolyubova, N. Zybunovskaya

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 110

Abstract
The federal legislation defines a list of regulatory enforcement activities aimed at minimizing risks to legally protected public values (such as life and health, property, privacy, other human rights, plants and animals, natural habitats). Therefore, monitoring studies aiming at collecting public perceptions of the protection of these public values are highly relevant for tracking the reform progress. The goal of this paper is to identify public perceptions of the extent of protection of public values and evaluate regulatory enforcement performance. The subject of the study is regulatory enforcement activity aimed at reducing risks to the public values. The primary method of the study is a representative public survey, the findings of which are compared to earlier surveys carried out in 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021. The results presented in the paper include an analysis of the dynamics in public perception of the effectiveness and efficiency of the state regulatory enforcement activities. The paper concludes that while there are some positive trends in improving public perceptions of the safety of public values, the overall level of these perceptions is unsatisfactory. Less than a half of all the survey participants have positive perceptions on any of the risks considered. The frequency of risk events remains high: half of the respondents faced at least one risk in the 2 years preceding the survey. Both time and financial costs borne by citizens applying for protection to the state regulatory and enforcement authorities have not changed significantly. This shows that the efficiency of state regulatory enforcement authorities has not improved in the public view. The novelty of the study is related to collecting and analyzing empirical data to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of state regulatory enforcement bodies, as perceived by the public. The paper recommends streamlining the procedures for handling citizen complaints to state regulatory enforcement bodies and improving public access to information on the ways of protecting public values from the risks.
Abstract
The federal legislation defines a list of regulatory enforcement activities aimed at minimizing risks to legally protected public values (such as life and health, property, [...]
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ANALYSIS OF THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF GENERAL EDUCATION
N. Tarasova, I. Pastukhova, S. Chigrina, A. Kazakov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 111

Abstract
Digital transformation of the society, boosted by the COVID-19 pandemic, has determined new processes in the socio-economic sphere. Foreign and domestic researchers are unanimous in their opinion that digitalization is the main trend of global development, and the need for digital transformation of education is preconditioned by organizational, technological, managerial, economic, and other changes taking place in various spheres of society, economy and production. Object of the study: the digital transformation process. Subject: general education. Goal: to identify the essence and characteristics of the implementation of digital transformation processes in general education. Objectives: to analyze the essence and semantic understanding of the "digital transformation" category; to describe the types and structure of the main processes of digital transformation in general education. Methods: methodological approaches: systemic approach; research methods: theoretical (analysis of information sources; comparative study; content analysis; generalization, systematization). Conclusions: there is no unity in the scientific attribution of the concepts of "digitalization of education", "digital transformation of education"; analysis of the prospects of digital transformation of general education indicates that its main positive effects may be as follows: ensuring equality of educational opportunities and continuity of education; updating the goals and content of education; optimizing forms, methods, teaching and methodological support of the educational process and the students’ learning and cognitive activities; creating conditions for personalized learning; increasing the effectiveness of quality control and monitoring; reducing the amount of routine work for management and teaching staff, etc.; based on the analysis of scientific research, the problem of information security of electronic educational resources used in general education has been identified; an analysis of the current situation on the software market is presented, and general recommendations on the protection of data recorded in electronic educational resources are given
Abstract
Digital transformation of the society, boosted by the COVID-19 pandemic, has determined new processes in the socio-economic sphere. Foreign and domestic researchers are unanimous [...]
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Advances in Farm Management Software: Understanding the Market and Its Potential
J. Shar

(2023). emergen Research

Abstract
The latest report, titled ‘Global Farm Management Software Market,’ comprises a profound analysis of the fundamental parameters contributing to the global Farm Management Software Market scenario. The research report provides the reader with an in-depth interpretation of the Farm Management Software Market dynamics, including the crucial drivers, opportunities, threats, and challenges. The report also describes the key business strategies, demand and supply ratios, leading regions, and the renowned market players, in a nutshell, offering a futuristic outlook of the overall Farm Management Software market industry. The global farm management software market size is expected to reach USD 9.50 Billion in 2032 and register a steady revenue CAGR of 14.7% during the forecast period. Increasing initiatives by governments pertaining to digitalization of the agricultural industry can be attributed to steady revenue growth of the farm management software market. For instance, the main idea of the India Digital Environment of Agriculture (IDEA) framework, which would establish the architecture for the federated farmers database, has been finalized by the government. Request Free Sample Copy (To Understand the Complete Structure of this Report [Summary + TOC]) @https://www.emergenresearch.com/request-sample/1790 Also, the department's scheme-related datasets have been integrated. The IDEA would act as a base for developing creative, agri-focused solutions that make use of cutting-edge technologies to significantly improve India's agricultural ecosystem. This ecosystem will assist the government in making plans that would increase agricultural productivity overall and the income of farmers in particular. Under the National e-Governance Plan for Agriculture (NeGP-A), monies are made available to the State(s)/UT(s) for projects involving the utilization of cutting-edge technology including Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and big data, Robotics, Drones, Data Analytics, Block Chain, and others. The report offers a complete analysis of the global Farm Management Software market on a global and regional scale and offers a forecast for the market for 8 years. The report provides extensive coverage of the market drivers, restraints, limitations, growth prospects, threats, opportunities, and current and emerging trends in the market. The report also offers an in-depth analysis of the market players along with their business overview, product portfolio, technological advancements, expansion plans, financial standing, and global position. It also sheds light on the collaborations in the competitive landscape, such as mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures, collaborations, product launches, brand promotions, corporate and government deals, licensing agreements, and others. Major Companies in the Market Include: Agrivi, Granular Inc., Trimble Inc., Topcon, Raven Industries, Inc., AgJunction, Agworld Pty Ltd., Farmers Edge Inc., Climate LLC., IBM. To know more about the report, visit @https://www.emergenresearch.com/industry-report/farm-management-software-market Market Overview: The report bifurcates the Farm Management Software market on the basis of different product types, applications, end-user industries, and key regions of the world where the market has already established its presence. The report accurately offers insights into the supply-demand ratio and production and consumption volume of each segment. Emergen Research has segmented the global farm management software market on the basis of offering, farm production planning, farm size, application, and region: Offering Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion; 2019–2032) On-Cloud On-Premises Data Analytics Services Farm Production Planning Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion; 2019–2032) Pre-Production Planning Production Planning Post-Production Planning Farm Size Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion; 2019–2032) Large Farms Medium Farms Small Farms Application Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion; 2019–2032) Precision Farming Precision Livestock Precision Aquaculture Precision Forestry Smart Greenhouses Others Regional Landscape section of the Farm Management Software report offers deeper insights into the regulatory framework, current and emerging market trends, production and consumption patterns, supply and demand dynamics, import/export, and presence of major players in each region. The various regions analyzed in the report include: North America (U.S., Canada) Europe (U.K., Italy, Germany, France, Rest of EU) Asia Pacific (India, Japan, China, South Korea, Australia, Rest of APAC) Latin America (Chile, Brazil, Argentina, Rest of Latin America) Middle East Africa (Saudi Arabia, U.A.E., South Africa, Rest of MEA) Emergen Research is Offering Limited Time Discount (Grab a Copy at Discounted Price Now)@https://www.emergenresearch.com/request-discount/1790 Market Taxonomy: Chapter 1: Methodology Scope Definition and forecast parameters Methodology and forecast parameters Data Sources Chapter 2: Executive Summary Business trends Regional trends Product trends End-use trends Chapter 3: Industry Insights Industry segmentation Industry landscape Vendor matrix Technological and innovation landscape Chapter 4: Regional Landscape Chapter 5: Company Profile Business Overview Financial Data Product Landscape Strategic Outlook Request customization of the report @https://www.emergenresearch.com/request-for-customization/1790 Thank you for reading our report. To know more about the customization feature, please get in touch with us, and our team will ensure the report is customized to meet your requirements. 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Abstract
The latest report, titled ‘Global Farm Management Software Market,’ comprises a profound analysis of the fundamental parameters contributing to the global Farm [...]
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SANITARY REFORMS IN EAST ASIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH AND THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURIES (HONG KONG’ AND SHANGHAI’ CASES)
D. Mikhel, I. Mikhe, O. Malinovskaya

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 102

Abstract
The aim of the study is to analyze the history of sanitary reforms in East Asia on the territory of two European enclaves (Hong Kong and Shanghai), which became important centers of transit of Western public health theories and practices to China in the second half of XIX - first half of XX centuries. The relevance of the research is conditioned by the necessity of understanding the historical experience of social processes management in complex epidemiological situations and development of Russian society response to new big challenges, connected with epidemic spreading. The novelty of the study consists in clarifying the existing scientific picture of the formation of modern public health management institutions in East Asia during the period from the beginning of European expansion into China to the Japanese invasion. The study was conducted in 2022 using primary sources from digital libraries in London (Wellcome Collection), Hong Kong (Digital Repository of Hong Kong University), and Shanghai (Virtual Shanghai), as well as works by Western and Chinese historians on public health and sanitation in Asia. During the study methods of historical knowledge were used: problem-chronological, comparative-historical, historical-typological. Methodology of social history of public health became the theoretical base of research. The conclusions of the study are as follows. Sanitary reforms began in those parts of East Asia where European influence was strong. At the forefront of the reforms were the British colony of Hong Kong and the international settlements in Shanghai, where Europeans had to adapt to the difficult conditions of climate, the burden of infectious diseases, and constant overcrowding. Rationalizing the management of urban space, they did not try to offer their way of life to the Chinese population, seeing them as culturally backward and unable to assimilate such civilizational achievements as sewage and running water, but under the pressure of economic and epidemiological 6 needs this step was taken. As a result, by the end of the 1930s, Hong Kong and Shanghai had become prosperous cities with relatively good sanitary and epidemiological conditions
Abstract
The aim of the study is to analyze the history of sanitary reforms in East Asia on the territory of two European enclaves (Hong Kong and Shanghai), which became important [...]
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“Not allowing to pernicious ways”: Jewish movement and reproduction of intolerance
G. Zelenina

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 103

Abstract
Based on ego-documents (personal and open letters, memoirs), Samizdat (self-published books) and oral history sources, the article examines the Soviet Jewish movement activists’ (“Refuseniks”) attitudes towards their own Others, inner dissidents: Judeo-Christians and so-called noshrim, who used Israeli visas to emigrate to the USA or other Western countries, as well as to the “silent” majority who refused to emigrate, and some other groups. The article describes how they were marginalized and transformed into inner enemies, and discusses probable patterns and reasons for this intolerance in the contexts of Jewish history, sociology of envy, and studies on Soviet personality and collective values. The relevance of the research is defined by its use of sources that have not been used in scientific research before, as well as the choice of topic, which is somewhat painful for its parties, which affects the canonical image of the refusenik movement and therefore is often omitted in the related commemorative and scientific literature. The analysis shows that in this case (and at least in some other cases) the victimization experience does not produce tolerance to the others, as the victims of intolerance are just as intolerant, often adopting their oppressors’ practices and rhetoric, and that the community developing or reconstructing one or another identity naturally tends to build walls and segregate their own dissidents.
Abstract
Based on ego-documents (personal and open letters, memoirs), Samizdat (self-published books) and oral history sources, the article examines the Soviet Jewish movement activists’ [...]
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National and regional innovation systems: best practices in developed and developing countries
M. Ivanova, S. Zemtsov, A. Mikhailov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 104

Abstract
Relevance of the research: The totality of national and regional innovation systems, implying sustainable interaction and cooperation between scientific, educational, government organizations and businesses, is the basis for the country's innovative and economic development. Due to the wide variety of systems existing in the world, it seems appropriate to identify the main problems and patterns of their development in the advanced and developing economies. The results of the study will help determine the directions for improving the regional policy of the Russian Federation in the field of innovation economics. The goal of this study is to analyze and summarize foreign experience in organizing national and regional innovation systems. Research methods and methodology: comparative analysis, system analysis, qualitative analysis, historical and economic analysis. Scientific novelty: We conducted a deep analysis and identified best practices for organizing national and regional innovation systems in developed (USA, France, Switzerland, Japan, Republic of Korea) and some rapidly developing countries (China, India, Brazil, South Africa, Colombia, Mexico). Results: The effectiveness of the national innovation system is largely determined by the level of interaction between scientific institutions and entrepreneurs. The development of innovation support infrastructure, the existence of targeted programs tailored to the demands of innovative businesses, as well as the coherence of the goals of the development programs at various territorial levels, contribute to an increase in the effectiveness of innovation activities. The degree of centralization of the innovation system directly depends on the political and administrative structure of the country. The effective development of innovative systems in the long run is only possible if the actual territorial, ethnical and cultural barriers are overcome, the operations of high-tech SMEs are stimulated, and the innovative capabilities of universities are increased.
Abstract
Relevance of the research: The totality of national and regional innovation systems, implying sustainable interaction and cooperation between scientific, educational, government [...]
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"FACTORS OF SEXUAL SATISFACTION AND FEATURES OF THE DISCOURSE ABOUT SEXUAL RELATIONS: RESULTS OF A TELEPHONE SURVEY"
M. K.M, S. O.B.

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 105

Abstract
The paper highlights the results of the research study “Partnership and romantic relationships during the pandemic and afterwards”, conducted by the team of the Field Research Center of the Institute for Social Analysis and Forecasting (RANEPA) at the beginning of 2021. The work includes a systematic review of relevant foreign literature about changing attitudes during a pandemic in various countries, characteristics of sexual behavior, and sexual satisfaction. Turned out in a situation of self-isolation, the relationships within families, married couples and between partners were subjected to a serious test. The experience of such a long stay together was unfamiliar for many people. How did this affect the couple? How did the relationship change during the period of self-isolation and quarantine? What happened after? What are the consequences of the pandemic in this area of human life? These issues require close study by experts of various disciplines – sexologists, psychologists, physicians, as well as sociologists. The research work is based on the findings of empirical studies which can be used in social and family policy, particularly for: 1) information support of executive authorities on demographic development and demographic policy affairs; 2) development of specific directions in the field of family policy.
Abstract
The paper highlights the results of the research study “Partnership and romantic relationships during the pandemic and afterwards”, conducted by the team of the [...]
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Socio-demographic and economic factors of health and health behavior of children and adolescents
T. Maleva, M. Kartseva, P. Kuznetsova

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 106

Abstract
Children’s health not only largely determines the health of the population at the current time but is also a key determinant of health and other aspects of life in adulthood. Understanding the factors that determine health in childhood can provide important information for the design of an effective state policy in the field of children’s health. The paper presents the results of a critical analysis and systematization of Russian and foreign scientific studies of the determinants of children's health and health-related behaviors. The literature review is based on contemporary publications in the fields of economics, sociology, medicine and public health. The results of scientific research indicate that the most important socio-economic determinants of children's health in developed countries are material well-being, living conditions, migration status, education and employment of parents, parental health, lifestyle and behavior of people around the child, and environmental factors. Among the demographic factors of child health, the demographic structure of the household and the gender of the child stand out. The results of Russian and foreign studies in the field of medicine and public health show that, despite the differences in national health systems, children from wealthier families tend to show better health compared to children from less wealthy families (social gradient in health). To the best of our knowledge, the number of studies of the health factors of Russian children and adolescents, based on nationally representative data, is very limited. Existing studies were carried out quite a long time ago, their methodology and results need to be updated. Literature review lays the theoretical and methodological foundations for conducting a modern econometric study of the health factors and health-related behavior of Russian children.
Abstract
Children’s health not only largely determines the health of the population at the current time but is also a key determinant of health and other aspects of life in adulthood. [...]
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ARCHIVE AND DOCUMENT IN PERFORMATIVE ARTS: THEORIES, METHODOLOGIES AND PRACTICES
Z. Vasil'yeva, A. Dunaeva, V. Zolotukhin, U. Liderman

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 107

Abstract
The problem of archiving and document status has long been one of the cornerstones for the theory of performative arts. Moreover, for decades its discussion has inevitably accompanied discussions about the key concepts of the theory of performative arts: presence, media and mediatization, participation, etc. In the modern art of the last third of the twentieth century, thanks to institutional criticism, the archive was interpreted as an artistic form. Conceptual art and the art of institutional criticism are associated with numerous projects of fictitious, composed archives, author's collections, etc. Archiving and documentation as a problem and technique have spread widely beyond the gallery and museum into cinematography, theater, street art. The concept of a New Archive appeared in aesthetics, which was developed in Russian philosophy by Elena Petrovskaya. These circumstances require the reaction of both the professional community of historians, archivists engaged in art archives, and the community of historians.
Abstract
The problem of archiving and document status has long been one of the cornerstones for the theory of performative arts. Moreover, for decades its discussion has inevitably [...]
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Development of a computer program for dimensional synthesis of a four-bar mechanism that generates a prescribed trajectory
C. Hernandez, J. Rodriguez

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2023). Vol. 39, (2), 18

Abstract
'' This work aims to develop a computational tool for synthesizing a four-bar linkage mechanism that can generate a prescribed path for a point coupler link to follow. The dimensional synthesis of the mechanism involves determining the lengths of each of its links. In this case, two possible configurations are evaluated: crank-rocker and/or double crank. The prescribed path consists of an arbitrary number of points contained in a plane, along with the corresponding rotation degrees of the driver element.'' Dimensioning the mechanism involves many variables, and it is possible to obtain various configurations that generate paths that are approximately the desired path. Therefore, the synthesis problem arises as an optimization problem in which the objective function seeks to minimize the Euclidean norm between the prescribed points and the points earned. To solve the optimization problem, a user-friendly computer program called SIDIGETRA was developed using the genetic algorithms numerical technique. Design constraints were imposed to obtain an open configuration of the mechanism and to avoid branching defects, order, and Grashof. The program's proper functioning was validated by comparing the results obtained in case studies published in a research article in which the genetic algorithms technique was also applied. The percentage relative errors between the coordinates of the obtained points and prescribed points were calculated and found to be satisfactory. Additionally, the results generated by SIDIGETRA were validated with a visual comparison between the prescribed trajectory and the one obtained by simulating the position analysis of the synthesized mechanism using a commercial software tool designed for this purpose.
Abstract
'' This work aims to develop a computational tool for synthesizing a four-bar linkage mechanism that can generate a prescribed path for a point coupler link to follow. [...]
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Design and performance research of single rubber cylinder for high pressure gas injection packer
L. Zhang, S. Wang, W. Lv, G. Yue, Y. Ge, Z. Zhao, X. Zhou

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2023). Vol. 39, (2), 16

Abstract
In order to solve the problem of "gas explosion" at the end of common rubber cylinder in the process of high temperature, high pressure and gas drive operation, the rubber cylinder with new structure suitable for 51/2 in casing pipe is developed. The "M" type single rubber cylinder structure is adopted in the new structure rubber cylinder, and the "gas explosion" problem of the end gas in the low-pressure side is solved by setting the double-layer staggered slotted steel cover to prevent outburst. The finite element method is used to simulate the setting of the rubber cylinder, and the structural parameters of the new rubber cylinder are obtained by single factor analysis and orthogonal optimization, simulation test and seal test were carried out to verify the sealing performance of the rubber cylinder. According to the actual working condition, the simulation test results and seal test results show that the sealing capacity of the packer reaches 50 MPa under the temperature resistance of 120℃, and the end steel cover is fully opened to wrap the rubber cylinder, which meets the operation requirements of high temperature and high pressure gas injection packer.
Abstract
In order to solve the problem of "gas explosion" at the end of common rubber cylinder in the process of high temperature, high pressure and gas drive operation, [...]
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Preferential policies around the world: success stories
V. Akimova, S. Zemtsov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 92

Abstract
In the context of external shocks, technological and other changes, it is becoming increasingly relevant to study tools that stimulate the development of entrepreneurship as an internal source of economic growth. One such common tool is the creation of territories with preferential (special) conditions for doing business. Here the developed and developing countries use different approaches, depending on the institutional environment and the financial capabilities of countries and regions. The goal of the study is to identify and systematize the best practices for creating preferential regimes in developed and developing countries of the world. Research methods and methodology: comparative analysis, system analysis, qualitative analysis, historical and economic analysis. Scientific novelty: This is the first attempt at systematization and comparison of the best practices for the introduction of preferential regimes in developed and developing countries in order to develop small and medium-sized businesses. The scientific novelty of the study is based on a comprehensive, multidimensional analysis of approaches to the analysis of various types of preferential regimes. Results: In the United States, among the key areas for creating preferential regimes, we have identified the following: foreign trade zones, entrepreneurial zones in depressed urban and rural areas and enhanced opportunity zones, the establishment of entrepreneurial communities. In the UK, they initially took the path of organizing business zones in declining former industrial territories. In 2012, the efforts were focused on sectoral approach to the development of key sectors of the economy, such as financial services, digital and creative industries, high-tech engineering, and green energy. After 2017, Opportunity Zones were added to the Enterprise Zones, which are aimed at stimulating regional growth through large capital investments. Great Britain started to create so-called free ports with simplified customs procedures and other benefits. Germany followed suite, focusing on duty-free imports and re-exports. An interesting innovation in Germany was the creation of digital hubs. The hubs are aimed at supporting startups through business accelerators. Of particular importance for use in the Russian realities is the experience of developing countries, BRICS partners such as China and India. Chinese free economic zones are an example of the most successful preferential territories. A distinctive feature of the FEZ policy in China is the autonomy of local administrations from the central government in decision-making regarding the establishment of preferential trade regimes and the establishment of companies with foreign participation, as well as regarding the conduct of foreign trade activities. Indian SEZs were fundamentally different: significantly smaller in physical size and more open to both public and private capital
Abstract
In the context of external shocks, technological and other changes, it is becoming increasingly relevant to study tools that stimulate the development of entrepreneurship [...]
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Regional policy in the countries of the world: a comparative analysis
V. Akimova, S. Zemtsov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 93

Abstract
ocio-economic development of countries and regions is historically uneven. But in some cases, too much territorial inequality can lead to the collapse of the state. In constantly changing conditions, it is necessary to use the spatial policy experience of the most successful countries. The conclusions obtained in the work will make it possible to offer recommendations for updating methodological approaches to the development of strategic documents in the field of regional policy, considering the global best practices. The goal of the study is to analyze and summarize foreign experience in implementing regional policies, including the conditions of uncertainty (COVID-19 pandemic). Research methods and methodology: comparative analysis, system analysis, qualitative analysis, historical and economic analysis. Scientific novelty: We conducted a comprehensive qualitative and value-content analysis of the best regional policy practices in Europe and North America, as well as the experience of developing countries, including India, China and Brazil. Separately, the strategies of regional policy in the context of the pandemic are highlighted. Results: Equalizing and stimulating regional policy is generally typical for the EU and Poland; for Germany - exclusively equalizing. France and the United States choose system-wide, equalizing (stimulating) policy, while the United Kingdom prefers system-wide selective. Japan, in addition to the system-wide equalizing (stimulating) policy, adds a restraining policy. Selective polarized regional policy is typical for the Republic of Korea. China, India and Brazil have the same direction of regional policy, which indicates similar problems of regional development of the BRICS member states. These are developing countries with large territories, with a similar level of economic development and a high level of regional development. The direction of the regional policy of this group is system-wide, equalizing (selective + restraining).
Abstract
ocio-economic development of countries and regions is historically uneven. But in some cases, too much territorial inequality can lead to the collapse of the state. In constantly [...]
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BRICS. Compliance Amid Global Governance System Crisis
P. Doronin, A. Ignatov, O. Kolmar

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 94

Abstract
The paper assesses the effectiveness of BRICS as a global governance institution in the time of global social-economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and escalation of political tensions in the first half of 2022. The main object of the study is the implementation of the decisions made at the BRICS summit in New Delhi in 2021. The goal of the study is to monitor and assess the BRICS compliance with the collective decisions made in the key areas such as security, macroeconomics, finance, international institutions’ reform agenda, etc. The research is relevant as it attempts to find an optimal strategy for preserving Russia’s position at the global fora in order to mitigate growing pressure over Russia’s economic and political system. The ongoing study will enable an objective assessment of the role BRICS plays in the context of realizing Russia's interests in key areas - macroeconomic policy, healthcare, energy sector, etc. The study is based on the methodology of comparative analysis of the effectiveness of international institutions, content analysis and criterial selection method. The authors conclude that in the crisis situation, BRICS has maintained adherence to the key decisions made in top-priority spheres and demonstrated high solidarity amid growing tensions between Russia and the Western countries, which signifies the value of the BRICS role in meeting Russia’s strategic priorities and keeping the country’s influence in the global politics
Abstract
The paper assesses the effectiveness of BRICS as a global governance institution in the time of global social-economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and escalation [...]
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The analysis of small and medium enterprises’ (SMEs’) support, aimed at achieving sustainable development goals in the EU Countries, policy recommendations for Russia
V. Barinova, K. Demidova, A. Loginova

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 95

Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals remain relevant in times of crisis, especially such goals as eradicating poverty, inequality, ensuring economic growth, developing innovation and infrastructure. Achieving these goals is where small and medium-sized enterprises can play a key role. An analysis of the EU countries’ experience in the application of entrepreneurship support measures is of particular interest for the prompt adjustment of the Russian SME support policy, since they take into account not only short-term political and economic needs, but are aimed at achieving a long-term result - sustainable development. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the analysis of the best foreign SME support practices in terms of achieving certain indicators of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The purpose of the work is to generalize the experience of SME support in the EU in connection with the implementation of sustainable development goals. For this, the following tasks have been set: establishing links between the SME activities and the implementation of the SDGs; analysis of support for various target groups of entrepreneurs in the context of achieving SDGs 8, 9 in the EU; analysis of anti-crisis support measures in the context of achieving SDGs 8, 9 in the EU. General scientific methods are applied - generalizations, comparisons, synthesis, inductive approach. The following conclusions and results were obtained in the study: SMEs contribute greatly to value creation, development and use of innovations, promoting employment, and they are most consistent with SDGs 8, 9; the main support measures include traditional loans and guarantees, subsidies, public procurement, tax incentives, as well as digital platforms, improving the digital skills of the population, financing scientific research; support for vulnerable groups of entrepreneurs is carried out through the promotion of entrepreneurship, the development of entrepreneurial skills and culture, information and advisory support, access to financing, development of entrepreneur networks and improvement of labor legislation; development of assistive technology to access support measures; provision of premises for doing business, coaching, mentoring. Among the recommendations for the Russian practice, it is necessary to note facilitating the SME access to financial resources, promoting entrepreneurship, creating networks of entrepreneurs in areas with different specifics, training entrepreneurs and the public in digital technologies, and providing special benefits for doing business to vulnerable groups of the population. Research prospects: analysis of the Russian experience of SME support in conjunction with the SDGs and generalization of the most effective practices in order to form an effective policy.
Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals remain relevant in times of crisis, especially such goals as eradicating poverty, inequality, ensuring economic growth, developing innovation [...]
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Comparison of competition authorities’ approaches to entry barriers definition and analysis
V. Sluzhevskaya, A. Morosanova

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 96

Abstract
Studying the existence and type of barriers to entry is an integral part of competition analysis conducted by antitrust authorities in different countries. As a result, competition authorities in different countries have accumulated a lot of knowledge on this matter, which can be shared between regulators to define best practices and identify the weaknesses of the approaches used. This preprint compares the approaches to defining and measuring barriers to entry used by the antitrust authorities in Russia, USA, EU, Germany, Spain and Australia, which makes it possible to identify the shortcomings of the approach used by FAS of Russia and foreign antitrust regulators. Among the shortcomings of the studied approaches, the author highlights lack of consistency in identifying entry barriers, which is exceptionally noticeable in terms of barrier level analysis. Also, the cases reviewed by competition authorities lack quantitative assessment of entry barriers, which shows the gap between the ongoing academic research and law enforcement practice. The Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia stands out in comparison to foreign competition authorities, because it often conducts only a formal definition of the entry barriers, limiting the description to a simple enumeration of market barriers or even completely skipping this part of the analysis. As a result, the Russian antitrust authority often draws unsubstantiated conclusions when assessing market entry barriers.
Abstract
Studying the existence and type of barriers to entry is an integral part of competition analysis conducted by antitrust authorities in different countries. As a result, competition [...]
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Antitrust Law Enforcement in Primary And Aftermarkets
S. A.Y., M. A.I

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 97

Abstract
The aftermarkets occupy a dependent position in relation to the primary product market. The textbook examples of this kind of dependence are the car market and the service market, the printer market and the cartridge market, the shaving stick market and razor cartridge market, the markets for software products and their updates. In such cases, manufacturers in so-called primary markets may restrict competition in the aftermarkets through dealer licensing or through consumer contract terms related to warranty service. The study is relevant due to the emergence of new scenarios of anti-competitive behaviors and agreements (for example, restricting access to personal data of primary product owners – to the Big Data of a car engine’s control sensors – limits the possibility to enter the aftersales service market for new players). In this context, the Internet of Things and the digitalization of production chains give primary market participants the opportunity to control data flows and access conditions, which determines exclusive access to aftermarkets associated with the risk of monopolization. The purpose of the study is to identify the sources of anti-competitive behavior in the markets for the primary product and after-sales service (including consumables and components). The objectives of the study include: identifying the sources of antitrust law violations in the markets for the primary product and after-sales service; analyzing international and Russian antitrust practice in relation to the markets for the primary product and aftermarkets. The research methodology includes models of market analysis for various industries, quantitative methods of antitrust analysis, tools of the new institutional economic theory. The conclusions of the study describe the properties of the markets for the primary product and aftermarkets, which are significant for the antitrust regulation of such markets, and provide a theoretical justification of the need to use refined methods of quantitative analysis for the purposes of antitrust law enforcement, taking into account the specifics of the primary markets and aftermarkets.
Abstract
The aftermarkets occupy a dependent position in relation to the primary product market. The textbook examples of this kind of dependence are the car market and the service [...]
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FACTORS OF THE DEBT BURDEN IN URBAN DISTRICTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION WITH A POPULATION OF MORE THAN 100 THOUSAND PEOPLE
D. Zemlyanskiy, V. Chuzhenkova, A. Abdullaev, L. Kalinovskiy, V. Kulikov, D. Medvednikova, I. Shampurov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 98

Abstract
The study examines debt situation in 189 urban districts of Russia with more than 100 thousand inhabitants in 2015-2020 and assesses key factors determining level of budget debt. The relevance of the study is established by the fact that an overwhelming majority of large urban municipalities in Russia currently have a significant budget debt. The public debt burden significantly limits the cities’ ability to plan and finance urban projects and therefore becomes a key constraint on their development at the present stage. At the same time, the scale and dynamics of municipal debt in Russian cities remain poorly researched. The goal of the study was to identify key factors determining formation of the debt burden in the 189 largest urban districts in Russia and to assess the impact of the debt burden on the level and dynamics of their socio-economic development. The following tasks were completed: analyzing the level of municipal debt burden in the largest cities in 2015-2020 and creating a classification of large cities by the scale and dynamics of debt; determining key factors of formation of the debt burden in large urban districts and calculating their impact, as well as forecasting the debt situation of the largest centers. The analysis was carried out on the basis of the municipal debt volume and structure indicators, collected from the official portals of local administrations and data on the execution of budgets of urban districts of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). The following key research methods, among others, were used: statistical and economic analysis, mapping and GIS analysis, infographic construction methods and comparative analysis. The results of the study showed that although the country's large cities are characterized on average by a relatively favorable level of debt burden, significant differences in the debt situation between cities remain. Only 37 large urban districts had no debt at the end of the study period, while about 1/3 (53 out of 189) had a debt burden exceeding 50%, and 15% of cities are approaching its critical level. It is proved that at the present stage, municipal debt is not a real tool for the implementation of urban development projects, but is mainly directed to cover the budget deficit and fulfill basic social responsibilities by the end of the fiscal year. It has been revealed that the greatest influence on the debt situation in large cities is exerted by the factor of the city's population (the level of debt burden increases with population growth), as well as the factor of having a regional capital status (regional capitals have higher debt). The factors of the budgetary and financial situation in municipality, as well as economic factors (apart from several cities) resulted to be insignificant. The absence of high correlations of the debt burden of large urban districts with key indicators of the financial and socio-economic situation suggests a high influence of other institutional factors. It is proved that an increased level of debt burden leads to a decline in migration appeal and investment activity in large cities. The growth of debt slows down the rate of wages increase. The forecast of the debt situation in large cities showed that if the current trends persist in the next three years, even a greater deterioration in the debt situation of the country's largest centers can be expected, as well as an increase in their differentiation by debt. The measures planned for introduction in 2022 in order to limit the volume of municipal debt will have little effect and will not result in a significant reduction in the debt burden of cities. All in all, the findings of the study form a negative forecast of the development of Russian large cities for the coming years. The current situation warrants an urgent need to revise the fiscal policy and the power distribution system at the local government level towards expanding the financial and managerial capabilities of municipalities.
Abstract
The study examines debt situation in 189 urban districts of Russia with more than 100 thousand inhabitants in 2015-2020 and assesses key factors determining level of budget [...]
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A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN CITIES IN 2015-2019
D. Zemlyanskiy, V. Chuzhenkova, A. Abdullaev, L. Kalinovskiy, V. Kulikov, D. Medvednikova, I. Shampurov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 99

Abstract
The research work is dedicated to a comprehensive analysis of the socio-economic development of Russian cities in 2015-2019 and reflects both the current level of territorial development and the dynamics of key parameters for the period analyzed. Russian cities regularly become the subject of discussion among representatives of government authorities and the scientific community, as one of the key factors of the socio-economic development of the country as a whole. Contemporary urban scientists usually limit their studies of the current state and peculiarities of social and economic development to just a single municipality or small groups of cities. The goal of this study is to determine the main trends in the socio-economic development of Russian cities between 2015 and 2019. To achieve this goal, the following objectives were formulated: setting up a database of key socio-economic indicators of Russian cities (in the period from 2015 to 2019); a systemic review of socio-economic development trends of Russian cities; identification of main problems and resources of socio-economic development of cities; classification of the cities by the current socio-economic development level. The input data for the research work is taken from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation for Municipalities (Database of Indicators of Municipalities, Rosstat), with data from ministries and departments, open sources, including analytical reports, geoinformation systems data, etc. The following research methods are used: analysis of literature and open sources, statistical analysis, econometric and GIS analysis, qualitative comparative analysis, mapping. The results are as follows: an overview of trends in the socio-economic development of Russian cities in 2010-2020 is developed; approaches and methods for assessing the socio-economic development of Russian cities are studied; a database of indicators of socio-economic development of cities for the period 2015-2019 is set up, and an analysis of the structure and features of the database is carried out; the features of socio-economic development of cities depending on population, geographical location, administrative status are studied; the key problems of socio-economic development of cities at the present stage are considered; the classification of Russian cities by socio-economic development level is proposed; a forecast of socio-economic development trends of Russian cities in the short run is made; the Atlas “Socio-economic development of Russian cities in 2015-2019” is compiled. According to the results, the key trends in the socio-economic development of cities are as follows: the preservation of substantial differentiation in terms of socio-economic development; increasing hyper-centralization of population and resources in metropolitan agglomerations; accelerating depopulation of cities; polarization of the settlement system; reduction of the population incomes and city budgets. The most important problems of socio-economic development of cities at the present stage are as follows: a shortage of demographic and migration resources for quantitative growth; slow post-industrial transformation together with a shortage of investment for the development of large and medium-sized enterprises; low level of budgetary independence and a shortage of budget funds for the implementation of development projects. The Atlas of Cities, compiled by the authors based on the results of the work, provides a detailed illustration of trends and problems, supported by an analysis of 40 key statistical properties of the socio-economic development of Russian cities. The Atlas materials will be useful in guiding competent government decisions regarding urban development. They will be helpful to executive authorities of various levels, local stakeholders, and representatives of the expert and a wide range of experts and analysts.
Abstract
The research work is dedicated to a comprehensive analysis of the socio-economic development of Russian cities in 2015-2019 and reflects both the current level of territorial [...]
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REGULAR MONITORING OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
D. Zemlyanskiy, V. Chuzhenkova, A. Abdullaev, L. Kalinovskiy, V. Kulikov, D. Medvednikova, I. Shampurov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 100

Abstract
This study focuses on the changes in the dynamics of socio-economic development and interregional inequality of the Russian regions in 2019-2020. Peculiarities of territorial development of the Russian Federation, unevenness and key trends in the socio-economic development of Russian regions have become central issues of the federal development agenda in the last few years. At the same time, at the present stage there is no comprehensive database and systematically updated aggregated analytical information that allows tracking key trends in the development of the economies of the subjects of the Russian Federation on a regular basis. The goal of the study is to develop and test the methodology for building a system for regular monitoring and evaluation of the main directions of socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation using statistical and departmental data. In accordance with the overall goal, the following objectives are determined to be addressed within the study: conducting a comprehensive analysis of the socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation in recent years; determining the composition of the spheres (aspects) of development and indicators of systematic assessment of socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation (separately for monthly, quarterly and year-end monitoring); developing a system for visualizing the key socio-economic processes in the regions of Russia. Considering earlier assessments of crisis effects in the regions of the Russian Federation, the hypothesis was formulated that inequality and divergence of directions of socio-economic development between different regions of the Russian Federation have significantly increased in recent years. The results achieved are as follows: examples of design of systematic monitoring of socio-economic indicators in the context of the subjects of the Russian Federation were given; indicators for the establishment of regular monitoring of socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation were selected; proposals on the publication format, structure and content of regular monitoring of socio-economic development of subjects were made; a methodology for integrated assessment of short-term dynamics of socio-economic development of subjects of the Russian Federation for monitoring and identifying crisis situations was developed; a methodology for conducting an integrated assessment of the socio-economic development level of subjects of the Russian Federation was elaborated, with the ability to track its changes over time; the peculiarities of territorial development, interregional inequality, socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation in 2019-2020 (based on annual indicators) and in 2020 and the first 8 months of 2021 (based on operational indicators) were analyzed; the basic trends of territorial development, which failed to be overcome during the crisis and post-crisis recovery, were identified, namely: the concentration of the economic and investment activity in Moscow (to the detriment of other large regions) and gradual but slow improvement in the level of socio-economic development of Russian regions; stabilization or reduction of interregional inequality indicators, convergence of the dynamics of socio-economic development of the regions with the national average. Materials for in-depth diagnostics of socio-economic development of key regions have also been prepared. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the development of a three-level monitoring system, including annual monitoring, which focuses on interregional inequality, medium-term monitoring aimed at studying the dynamics of interregional differences, and short-term monitoring focused on assessing current changes in the regions. According to the results, it can be stated that the COVID-19 crisis had only a short-term effect on territorial development in Russia. Unlike the previous crises, interregional inequality did not grow in 2020 and stabilized in 2021. At the same time, for most socio-economic indicators, the medium-term dynamics of the regions were unidirectional. The situation is somewhat worse in the regions with high socio-economic development per capita, whose economy depends on oil production. Only two regions were still showing clear signs of crisis phenomena. While the crisis in the Sakhalin Region is largely time-serving, the decline in Komi Republic is systemic and has been going on for several years (started before 2020). Given the relatively positive socio-economic dynamics after the crisis, there is a significant change in the system of inter-budgetary relations and federal support measures. Measures are being actively implemented to reduce the independence of regional administrations in determining the goals of spending inter-budget transfers (the share of transfer payments is decreasing in favor of subsidies). While this situation has little effect on regions with high fiscal capacity (and low transfers) due to the relatively small amounts of transfers they receive, then in highly subsidized regions the changes become very large-scale (up to dozens of percent of the total budget revenues) and may limit the regional initiative in the future. At the same time, the Government has launched incentives aimed at supporting breakthrough investment and projects in the regions. The shift in distribution of these financial resources towards financial and credit support changes the logic of the project formation in the regions. Almost all the funds provided are repayable, which means they must be used towards the growth of tax and non-tax revenues of the regional budgets. However, the mechanisms for allocating funds from the “infrastructure menu” measures do not take into account the actual needs of the regions and are based either on proportional distribution (budget infrastructure loans) or on previous borrowing history.
Abstract
This study focuses on the changes in the dynamics of socio-economic development and interregional inequality of the Russian regions in 2019-2020. Peculiarities of territorial [...]
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THE DARK TRIAD TRAITS AND ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR IN RELATION TO TOLERANCE TO UNCERTAINTY
K. D.S., B. M.V., Y. N.P.

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 101

Abstract
The relevance of this research lies in the fact that it investigates psychological characteristics as predictors of economic behavior, specifically personal financial management and risky economic decisions. The purpose of this study is to examine 1) the characteristics of economic behavior concerning tolerance to uncertainty, 2) the impact of dispositional variables in economic behavior decisions made by individuals with various levels of the Dark Triad traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy), and different levels of materialism. The methodological basis of the research is the theory of psychological traits. Economic behavior and decision-making were analyzed using the perspective theory and an economic-psychological approach. Two studies are presented, one using correlational method and the other using quasi-experimental design. The research was conducted online, with diagnostic methods including a survey and resolution of situational tasks. The research sampling consists of undergraduate students. Principal findings. Tolerance to ambiguity and the level of Dark Triad traits raise the chance of making risky economic decisions in actual behavior. With varying degrees of tolerance to uncertainty and the Dark Triad traits, framing has the same influence on economic decision-making. While the combination of the Dark Triad traits and materialism contributes to disparities in personal financial management, an inclination toward materialism is more predictive of economic behavior. Economic behavior varies according to the mix of materialistic orientation and the Dark Triad. The findings of the study can serve as the basis for additional research into economic behavior and the creation of practical programs to develop and prevent dangerous economic behavior.
Abstract
The relevance of this research lies in the fact that it investigates psychological characteristics as predictors of economic behavior, specifically personal financial management [...]
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GADGETS AND COGNITIES "PROSPECTIVE ESTIMATES OF TIME WHEN USING GADGETS"
V. Ardislamov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 78

Abstract
Subject: the study is dedicated to a retrospective assessment of time intervals. Relevance: The theory of contextual change states that both attention and long-term memory are involved in estimating the length of past time intervals. However, the same manipulations on the test subjects under experimental conditions can lead to opposite effects. The probe task can either consume the resource of attention or create more short memorable events. The former should lead to a decrease in the interval estimate, and the latter to an increase. Scientific novelty: The predictions of this model have not been confirmed in the metaanalysis by its author, as well as in several studies with long (9-58 min) intervals. Methods: We conducted an experiment (N = 92) trying to establish the role of the resource of attention and long-term memory in the assessment of long time intervals. The results of the study show the assessment of time has no relationship with the cognitive load, or with the number of events remembered. However, a posteriori analysis of the data was carried out, inspired by the theory of metacognitive evaluation of the passage of time, first published in 2022. The results of a posteriori analysis showed the existence of a relationship between the estimated time and the discrepancy between the remembered events and the number of events perceived by the subjects (metacognitive component). Conclusions: based on this data, a metacognitive time estimation model is put forward and further studies are proposed to verify it.
Abstract
Subject: the study is dedicated to a retrospective assessment of time intervals. Relevance: The theory of contextual change states that both attention and long-term memory [...]
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CLUSTER TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIES IN FRANCE AND RUSSIA
D. Teslenko

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 79

Abstract
The study examines mechanisms of interconnection and competitive cooperation between educational, research and business structures in the territory, interaction between universities, scientific laboratories and business structures in the development of territories for the innovation and modernization of existing technologies, and the development of digital technologies. The relevance of the study is determined by the contemporary development of individual regions (territories) in different countries around the world, which use cluster technologies as part of the new industrial policy for the development of international competitiveness of individual regions and the entire country. The aim of such networks is not just development, but also the implementation and realization of various products and technologies, including information products and technologies, in a variety of areas of activity. Balanced modern territorial development, including establishment of “smart” cities, is impossible without engaging the local educational structures, companies and scientific institutions in the process. One of the most successful examples of such cooperation is the cluster policy of today’s France, which managed to create a sensible model of interaction between universities, businesses and territorial administration bodies to find successful mechanisms for coordinating efforts of highly diverse structures, directing their actions towards common goals of economic and territorial development. Such experience, adapted to the Russian reality, is highly needed today for the implementation of large-scale programs to overcome the aftermath of the crisis caused by continuing economic and political sanctions against Russia. The Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation identifies “transition to advanced digital, intelligent production technologies, robotic systems, new materials and construction methods, creation of Big Data processing systems, machine learning and artificial intelligence” as the top priority of Russia's development for 10-15 years. The main purpose of the study is to substantiate effective models, necessary and sufficient conditions of institutional and infrastructural nature supporting competitive cooperation between science, education and territorial administrations for sustainable, balanced development, creation of innovative products, training of in-demand personnel (based on the generalization of Russian and adaptation of French experience); to study and use the specific tools of interaction mechanisms, incentives for all participants of networks in competitiveness clusters – between educational and scientific units of universities; between universities and business entities, and relations of all participants with the territorial communities. The following main fundamental and applied problems are addressed within the research: - Comparative analysis of the relationship between science, education and territorial administrations at the macroeconomic level; identification of the influence of education and science on the economic and innovative development of territories (regions); - Generalization of foreign experience in promoting digital technologies in the development of competitive cooperation of science, education and territories; - Studying the experience of France (poles of competitiveness, as well as new experimental institutions created by individual decrees of the President of France) in the formation of coordinators of development of the territory (megalopolis, metropolis, region, etc.); - Relevant issues of digital economy and digital state; - Analysis of the Russian experience in cluster development: higher educational institutions, scientific research, business, public administration (innovation clusters of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade and industrial clusters of the Ministry of Industry and Trade), and the models of their interaction, identifying positive and negative instruments; - Development of recommendations to Russian higher educational institutions and all cluster members to expand their innovation activity in conditions of low demand for innovations; Research methods and methodology: The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are legislative and regulatory documents of the Russian Federation, European countries, international organizations in the field of education and science, cluster initiatives, scientific articles and monographs of modern French and Russian scientists, materials of scientific conferences, as well as a comparative analysis of international databases of key indicators in scientific research, online education, reports of international organizations. Methods of international comparative analysis. Methods of comparative analysis of socio-economic information. Methodology of comparative analysis of educational systems of different countries, taking into account their economic development level. Statistical analysis of regional and territorial development data in the field of education and innovations. Databases used: international statistics, Rosstat statistical compilations “Regions of Russia”, “Tekhuspekh” (Tech Success) rating of innovation-driven companies of Russia, HSE rating of innovation development of the Russian regions, reviews by rating agencies, data from the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation of the French Republic, National Statistics Institute of France, statistical collections of Eurostat, etc. This research is implemented jointly with scientists of RANEPA partner university - University of Côte d'Azur, the coordinating center of territorial development of Metropolis Côte d'Azur in France. The results of this research can be used to the benefit of: a) RANEPA and other Russian higher education institutions interested in implementing international educational and research programs; b) Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, c) Rossotrudnichestvo; d) Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science (Rosobrnadzor) for: - generalizing foreign experience of the interconnection between science, education, business and territorial administrations; - analyzing the Russian experience of new industrial policy: higher education institutions, scientific research, business and state administration; - produce recommendations to Russian higher educational institutions to expand innovation activity given the low demand for innovation. Recommendations on adapting the most successful practices for enhancing the competitiveness of universities in the digital revolution era.
Abstract
The study examines mechanisms of interconnection and competitive cooperation between educational, research and business structures in the territory, interaction between [...]
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HIGH-LEVEL STRATEGIC DOCUMENTS
M. Dmitriev, . V.B.Krapil

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 80

Abstract
The study analyzes the practice of strategic planning in the Russian Federation. The key goal of the study is to analyze the implementation results of strategic documents prepared by various institutions, and to compare them with the implementation results of other top-level strategic documents in the context of evolution of the institutional framework of strategic planning in Russia over the past two decades. The study uses methods of analysis of the implementation results of strategic planning documents and information on the implementation of reforms in the public administration system. The authors use standard expert assessments and official government information to evaluate and compare the results of different types of top-level strategic documents. The results of the study present a methodology for collecting information on the implementation results of top-level strategic documents, a methodology for comparing the implementation results for different kinds of strategic documents. They allow us to identify key institutional problems in the existing strategic planning system and to develop recommendations for improving the institutional component in the strategic planning system. Scientific novelty of the study is based on the analysis of institutional strategic planning problems, produced using the findings of the study of implementation results of previously adopted top-level strategies. The results of the study can be used in preparing future top-level strategic documents
Abstract
The study analyzes the practice of strategic planning in the Russian Federation. The key goal of the study is to analyze the implementation results of strategic documents [...]
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Kokovtsov V.N.: life and work
B. Akatovich

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 81

Abstract
This work describes life and activity of Vladimir Nikolaevich Kokovtsov, prime-minister (1911-1914) and minister of finance (1904-1905, 1906-1914) of the Russian Empire. In the history of the Russian Empire, of the USSR and of the Russian Federation, Kokovtsov was the only statesman to combine the position of minister of finance and of prime-minister. Though there are a number of works and several PhD theses devoted to Kokovtsov – a key actor of his time, a general evaluation of his personality and his influence on the economic development of Russia in the beginning of the 20th century is yet to be made. Filling this gap is the main goal of this work. The object of investigation is Kokovtsov’s political biography, his economic and financial policy, and his efforts to reasonably limit military expenditures. The work is based on both personal materials left by Vladimir Kokovtsov (memoirs, letters), and official documents. Several archived materials – memos on financial matters of military defense made up by Kokovtsov – are published for the first time. The author verifies authenticity of the sources and confirms or refutes some facts presented by Kokovtsov using an array of modern methods of historical science including the principle of historicism, principle of classification, comparative-historical method, and some others. Beyond doubt, Vladimir Nikolaevich Kokovtsov was an outstanding statesman. He was not a politician in the traditional sense. On the contrary, he served his country as an “honest bureaucrat”. Steadfast observation of laws, honesty, efficient financial policy, love for Russia – all these characteristics describe his personality
Abstract
This work describes life and activity of Vladimir Nikolaevich Kokovtsov, prime-minister (1911-1914) and minister of finance (1904-1905, 1906-1914) of the Russian Empire. [...]
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Political Kuznets curve: the effect of democratization and collective action on income distribution
I. Matveev, I. Konovalov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 82

Abstract
Economic inequality is often portrayed as an objective fact that can only be changed by redistributive policies. This leads economists to link inequality to other strictly economic factors – first and foremost, economic growth. This approach is based on Simon Kuznets’ famous hypothesis on the association between growth and inequality. This association has long been treated as economic in nature: after a certain level of economic development is reached, inequality begins to decline. However, in this paper, we deal with theories that refuse to consider inequality to be a purely economic phenomenon. We focus on Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson’s model that indicates the Kuznets curve having a political nature. This model treats inequality as a result of the conflict between masses and elites, and suggests searching for a strategic compromise by building democratic institutions. We investigate the model’s assumptions and through studying empirical works we indicate possible ways to advance Acemoglu and Robinson’s theory. We conclude that the model’s basic structure is sound, however, its development requires detailed case studies, not just general econometric analysis. We also claim that Acemoglu and Robinson’s model should involve a more nuanced understanding of the causes and effects of collective action both before and after democratization
Abstract
Economic inequality is often portrayed as an objective fact that can only be changed by redistributive policies. This leads economists to link inequality to other strictly [...]
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Analysis of the effect of e-commerce increase on inflation
A. Grebenkina

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 83

Abstract
The anti-pandemic restrictions of recent years fueled an explosive growth of e-commerce in goods and services in Russia and worldwide. Therefore, the issue of macroeconomic consequences of the process of e-commerce growth is relevant. The subject of this research is economic transformation under the influence of the spread of e-commerce. The study aims to identify key theoretical mechanisms of how development of e-commerce influences main economic indicators, including inflation. It is based on the methods of generalization, systematization, descriptive and graphical analysis. According to the results of the study, e-commerce most notably influences aggregate factor productivity, the cost of production factors, consumer welfare, international trade volume and the cost of information for consumers. The study concludes that e-commerce causes predominantly downward pressure on prices and inflation, regardless of the mechanism of influence, because of a decrease in production and transport costs, reduction in the corporate monopoly power, and better product variety. This conclusion is also confirmed by some empirical countrywide studies. The scientific novelty of the research lies in systematization of the channels via which e-commerce influences various spheres of the economy. The study recommends considering the factor of downward pressure while conducting Russian monetary policy in the condition of continued e-commerce spread. A promising area of further research is the empirical verification of identified theoretical mechanisms of influence based on the data on e-commerce development in Russian regions.
Abstract
The anti-pandemic restrictions of recent years fueled an explosive growth of e-commerce in goods and services in Russia and worldwide. Therefore, the issue of macroeconomic [...]
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Structural breaks in cointegration models
A. Skrobotov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 84

Abstract
This review discusses methods of testing for a cointegration in a time series in the presence of structural breaks. The review covers a large number of recently developed testing methods based on both one equation and multiple equation frameworks. In addition, various methods for estimating the dating of break dates and constructing of their confidence intervals are presented. In addition, nonlinear cointegration methods with regime swithings are considered
Abstract
This review discusses methods of testing for a cointegration in a time series in the presence of structural breaks. The review covers a large number of recently developed testing [...]
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Excess mortality in Russia due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020: regional analysis
S. Shcherbov, S. Shulgin

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 85

Abstract
One of the most important tasks for assessing the damage from a pandemic is the assessment of human losses resulting from the disease. As a rule, it is rather difficult to estimate the direct number of deaths from COVID-19, due to both the methodological difficulties in assessing the causes of death and the choice of a reference point for assessing excess mortality. The existing approaches, such as comparing with the previous year or the average mortality figure over the past few years are associated with numerous problems. To get a more objective assessment of the number of deaths in the absence of a pandemic, it is necessary to use the projected number of deaths considering the age structure of the population. To assess excess mortality, this paper uses the method of constructing a demographic forecast. The baseline scenario against which excess mortality is calculated is estimated using a multi-regional demographic projection. In this paper we are using statistical data from Rosstat and the results of demographic modeling to analyze the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. We compare the mortality data for 2020 with the projected number of deaths for 2020. The paper provides estimates of excess mortality in the regional context. Estimates are given both for the Russian Federation as a whole and for individual Russian regions. Estimates of excess mortality are also provided for separately for men and women and older age groups.
Abstract
One of the most important tasks for assessing the damage from a pandemic is the assessment of human losses resulting from the disease. As a rule, it is rather difficult [...]
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Relevance Assessment of Long-Term Care Formats in Russia
K. Manuilskaya, O. Solodovnikova

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 86

Abstract
The paper is based on the findings of the research work “The Elderly People’s Needs for the New Type of Social Housing: Perception, Assessment And Expectations”, conducted by the team of the Field Research Center of the RANEPA Institute of Social Analysis and Forecasting in 2021. The work is an extension of the last year’s project and includes a systematic review of current foreign literature on aging, long-term care, and the analysis of the results of an all-Russian telephone survey. Currently, the main approach in long-term care is the concept of “aging at home”. However, the concept of “home” and living space is considered quite broadly and is not limited to the formal dwelling. The 2020 research work resulted in the development of the concept of a “new type of social home”, which can apply both to the design of new residential compounds and to renovation or adaptation of an existing residential compound and social infrastructure to the needs of the older generation. The implementation of any concept should be preceded by an assessment of its relevance and population demand. That was the aim of this year’s telephone survey, the results of which are presented in the paper, and may be useful for scientific and methodological support of programs and strategies in the field of aging and old age, for the formation of state policy in the field of social protection of the elderly, as well as for the development of specific social policy directions, measures and mechanisms
Abstract
The paper is based on the findings of the research work “The Elderly People’s Needs for the New Type of Social Housing: Perception, Assessment And Expectations”, [...]
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CUSTOMER FOCUS AND EFFICIENCY OF PUBLIC SERVICE PROVIDERS
T. Maleva, D. Rogozin

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 87

Abstract
Implementing the goals related to the modernization of the sphere of public services requires revising the reform stages that have been completed and assessing its current results. This study proposes an integrated approach to the development of a methodology for such an assessment, as well as a communication environment that creates an effective demand for the data obtained. The research objective is to develop and test a methodology for assessing the customer focus of government institutions. The tasks are: to formulate a problem, build a research methodology, form an array of data, assess the general perception of the public services sector by the respondents, identify the most problematic sectors of public services in the public perception, and analyze the respondents’ proposals. The research methodology is based on analytical procedures related to the collection and processing of primary and secondary data, conducting opinion polls and interpreting research results. The study is aimed at identifying the public perception of the level of customer focus of public service providers and government agencies, which determines the relevance of this work. The object of the research is the socio-economic situation of the population of Russia. The subject of the research is the satisfaction of the public with the quality and procedure for the provision of public services. The survey was conducted on March 23-27, 2021 on a non-random river sample. In total, 2110 people were interviewed. The sample is not representative and does not represent the population of Russia; however, it allows us to formulate significant hypotheses and highlight the characteristic features of the perception of the quality of public services by various social groups. The results of the study show that the public has a generally positive attitude towards public services: the maximum value of the Index for assessing the quality of public services reveals the top three (migration registration services, obtaining personal vehicle documents, medicine). Nevertheless, the high assessment of the quality of medical services contradicts the data of other surveys that state the Russians’ critical attitude towards the healthcare sector. Approval of the depersonalization of the service provider in areas such as education and health deserves in-depth study.
Abstract
Implementing the goals related to the modernization of the sphere of public services requires revising the reform stages that have been completed and assessing its current [...]
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Accentuation of the Ormuri-Parachi languages (Iranian group) and its Indo-European origin
A. Trofimov, A. Kasyan, I. Egorov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 88

Abstract
Subject. The article examines the system of accentuation of the minor Iranian languages, Parachi and Ormuri, and its connection with the Pashto system. Purpose. Etymological description of the Parachi and Ormuri accent systems. Relevance. Importance of Iranian data for Indo-European reconstruction. Novelty. First, the authors give a historical review of existing studies, which establish the archaic character of accentuation of both Pashto and Parachi-Ormuri, and then, based primarily on the research of V. A. Dybo and V. A. Efimov, a list of lexical etymological connections between these languages is compiled, which allows us to indicate the place of the original Proto-Iranian stress. Methods. Etymological, lexicographic. Results. The list shows that the accent system in Ormuri-Parachi languages corresponds in detail to the one described for Pashto: traces of baritonesis and oxytones are preserved in two- and three-syllable nouns, in numerals and verbs; accent in derivative names is placed “by contrast”, of the same type that is established for the Vedic language. Moreover, a number of similarities under consideration are exclusive to Eastern Iranian languages, and in general, there are even more lexical and morphological isoglosses between Parachi and Ormuri and Eastern Iranian languages. Findings. The two factors described above indicate that Parachi and Ormuri, according to the traditional classification, are more likely to be closely related to the South-Eastern Iranian languages, primarily Pashto and, possibly, Mundjan and Yidga. Recommendations. It is desirable to collect new field data on Parachi and Ormuri.
Abstract
Subject. The article examines the system of accentuation of the minor Iranian languages, Parachi and Ormuri, and its connection with the Pashto system. Purpose. [...]
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HISTORICAL ROOTS OF THE PERCEPTION OF RUSSIA IN FRANCE PUBLIC OPINION
N. Tanshina

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 89

Abstract
Relevance of the study. The attitude towards the Russian Federation in the modern world is highly complex and contradictory. This is due, in part, ’to the traditional perception of Russia in the west in the context of the binary “Friend-or-Foe” juxtaposition. Studying the origins of these processes is undoubtedly relevant. The object of the study is the perception of Russia in the public opinion of France in the XIX century, and the development of the image of Russia in the public opinion of France during the XIX - XXI centuries. The purpose of the study is to examine the historical roots of the perception of Russia in the public opinion of France and in the French intellectual circles, based on the analysis of the works of French authors of the 1840s-1880s, and to compare this image with modern ideas about Russia in the French intellectual and political circles. The study was conducted in 2021 as part of the RANEPA research work. Research method or methodology: The research involves the use of an interdisciplinary synthesis methodology based on classical historical analysis. The study of stereotypes of mutual perception and the reconstruction of the “image of the Other” require applying the methodology of imagological research. In addition, the study of political ideology involves applying the methodology of intellectual history and the history of ideas. The results of the study: using the example of the analysis of the image of Russia formed in the public opinion of France in the XIX - XX centuries, the authors attempt to: - identify the main circle of authors writing about Russia in the period under review, to determine the main circle of sources and to classify them; - study the works about Russia written in the 1840s, after the publication of the book by Astolphe de Custine; - analyze the transformation of the view of Russia on the eve and during the Crimean War (1853-1856); - study the changes in the perception of Russia after the Crimean War, given the improvement of Franco-Russian relations in the years preceding the conclusion of the Franco-Russian Union.
Abstract
Relevance of the study. The attitude towards the Russian Federation in the modern world is highly complex and contradictory. This is due, in part, ’to the traditional [...]
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BEHAVIORAL STRATEGIES OF THE RUSSIAN POPULATION TO PROTECT ITS HEALTH: NEW CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
P. A.N., G. I.A., Z. N.V.

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 90

Abstract
The scientific report presents a study conducted by the Research Center of Socio-Political Monitoring of the School of Public Policy and Management at RANEPA Institute for Social Sciences. The relevance of the study: Preserving and strengthening the health of the population is a priority task for the Russian state. Currently, this problem is acquiring special significance in the context of changes in the social reality associated with a challenging COVID-19 pandemic situation. The purpose of the study is to analyze the behavioral strategies of the population related to maintaining and improving their health. The objectives of the study are related to assessing the degree of influence of the main behavioral factors on the health and social well-being of the citizens, with an assessment of the measures taken by the state to form behavioral strategies of the population aimed at protecting and strengthening their health. The subject of the study is the prevalence of various types of behavioral strategies and their impact on the health status and social well-being of representatives of different socio-demographic groups and strata. Methods: The main source of empirical information was the all-Russian sociological survey of the population, conducted on April 8-19, 2021 using the method of formalized personal interviews at the respondents’ place of residence. 1,500 people aged 18 and over were interviewed in 30 regions of the Russian Federation. Results: The study records an increase in the people’s positive self-perception of their health over the past two decades; at the same time, the respondents are susceptible to a wide range of diseases. There is an increase in demand for qualified medical care in case of illness; however, self-medication remains widespread, which can negatively affect people's health. The people’s actual behavior often does not correspond to their ideas about a healthy lifestyle. Russians do not have a well-developed culture of healthy lifestyles; they lack the habit of daily positive activities to maintain and strengthen their health. In general, the results of the study show insufficiency of the measures taken by the state to create conditions for strengthening the public health. Conclusions. The problems identified show the need to increase the availability of medical care, improve health awareness of the public, expand incentives for self-preservation and health promotion. Scientific novelty. The value of this study lies in obtaining up-to-date information on the priorities of the Russian citizens, their self-preservation behavior in a force majeure situation of an epidemiological crisis and its consequences, which can contribute to promoting managerial decisions in healthcare and social development that are adequate to the needs of the population.
Abstract
The scientific report presents a study conducted by the Research Center of Socio-Political Monitoring of the School of Public Policy and Management at RANEPA Institute for [...]
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New global development conditions of international economic relations: reforming directions
A. Pakhomov, K. Bagdasaryan

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 91

Abstract
The study analyzes the latest trends in the reform of international economic relations, especially global trade and capital flows worldwide. It also analyzes the opportunities and limitations of Russia’s participation in international economic reform processes in the interests of the national economy and foreign trade. The main purpose of the study is to identify emerging trends in global economy and international relations at the present stage and define the opportunities for Russia’s participation in the new processes. The main objectives of the study are: a) to identify the main factors and areas of transformation of international economic relations; b) to determine possible directions of reforming various sectors of the global economy; c) to study potential shifts in the balance of power and interests in the global economy at different levels - i.e. country, region and global; d) to identify opportunities and limitations for the Russian Federation to participate in the processes of transformation of international economic relations with regard to national interests; e) to reveal the main directions of Russia’s interaction with various groups of countries and international organizations under the new conditions. Special attention is given to the reform of global value chains, transformation of world trade and shifts in the balance of power in international economic relations. Finally, the study provides an expert assessment of the problem of maintaining the market status of the Russian economy and practical recommendations for a possible solution of this issue
Abstract
The study analyzes the latest trends in the reform of international economic relations, especially global trade and capital flows worldwide. It also analyzes the opportunities [...]
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THE PHENOMENON OF RESOCIALIZATION OF ADOLESCENTS, THAT ARE IN A DIFFICULT LIFE SITUATION, IN RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN STUDIES
I. Popova

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 77

Abstract
The relevance of this research is associated with the need to study the conditions of effectiveness of the secondary socialization of adolescents in a difficult life situation, caused by the deep-rooted traumatic experience in their personal development in the process of primary socialization. This issue points to the need to solve the problems of nationwide level in terms of preventing marginalization of minors and the development of criminal behavior in adolescence. The object of the study is the specifics of modeling the conditions of resocialization of adolescents in socially vulnerable categories in the Russian and foreign scientific practice. The goal of the study is to analyze scientific approaches and developments that provide a theoretical and methodological rationale and effectiveness of practical activities to create conditions for resocialization of adolescents in difficult situations. We carried out the research based on the results of content analysis of Russian dissertation research in the period from 2000 to 2021 and foreign scientific articles dedicated to the stated problems. Research methods: analysis of information sources, content analysis of dissertation studies and scientific publications, systematization, analysis and synthesis of the information obtained. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the assessment of the current development of the resocialization problems of socially vulnerable minors in modern Russian scientific research. This is the first time such a study is conducted in the Russian Federation. As a result, we found that the issues of juvenile resocialization are developed in the studies conducted within the framework of penitentiary pedagogy and psychology on a systemic basis. Only a few studies on this topic exist as part of the general education system. The majority (more than 60%) of Russian scientific research on juvenile resocialization covers adolescents with experience of deviant and delinquent behavior, including those sentenced to punishment. Other categories of socially vulnerable adolescents are either not covered at all, or covered within isolated precedents. Questions of resocialization of children raised in migrant families are the most difficult to study. Currently, there is a trend of substituting the term “resocialization” with such categories as “cultural adaptation” and “social integration” in relation to this group of adolescents. Based on the results obtained, the main conclusion is that the development of research on the study of resocialization of adolescents in vulnerable categories needs a focused analysis of promising directions, covering the methodology of the issue and different target groups of minors, not focusing only on the resocialization of adolescent offenders. Recommendations: to create required conditions and implement effective pedagogical activities aimed at supporting the resocialization of adolescents in socially vulnerable categories, it is necessary to disseminate among practicing education specialists the scientific developments proven by the testing and implementation results. It is necessary to stimulate the development of relevant scientific research that reveals aspects of resocialization of not only adolescents sentenced to punishment, with deviant/delinquent behavior, but also adolescents belonging to other groups of children in difficult situations (teenagers from poor families, from migrant/resettled families, children without parental care, unwatched/neglected children, victims of armed conflicts, victims of objective life circumstances, including domestic violence, parental neglect, health conditions, etc.).
Abstract
The relevance of this research is associated with the need to study the conditions of effectiveness of the secondary socialization of adolescents in a difficult life situation, [...]
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