Documents published in 2021 : Scipedia

A multiscale approach for the numerical simulation of turbulent flows with droplets
J. Giménez, S. Idelsohn, E. Oñate, R. Lohner

Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering (2021). Special Issue: Modeling and Simulation of Infectious Diseases

Abstract
A multiscale approach for the detailed simulation of water droplets dispersed in a turbulent airflow is presented. The multiscale procedure combines a novel representative volume element (RVE) with the Pseudo Direct Numerical Simulation (P-DNS) method. The solution at the coarse-scale relies on a synthetic model, constructed using precomputed offline RVE simulations and an alternating digital tree, to characterize the non-linear dynamic response at the fine-scale. A set of numerical experiments for a wide range of volume fractions, particle distribution sizes, and external shear forces in the RVE are carried out. Quantitative results of the statistically stationary turbulent state are obtained, and the turbulence modulation phenomenon due to the presence of droplets is discussed. The developed synthetic model is then employed to solve global scale simulations of flows with airborne droplets via the P-DNS method. Improved predictions are obtained for flow conditions where turbulence modulation is noticeable.
Abstract
A multiscale approach for the detailed simulation of water droplets dispersed in a turbulent airflow is presented. The multiscale procedure combines a novel representative [...]
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Numerical simulation of flame retardant polymers using a combined Eulerian–Lagrangian finite element formulation
J. Marti, J. Vega, D. Wang, E. Oñate

Applied Sciences (2021). Vol. 11(13), 5952

Abstract
Many polymer-made objects show a trend of melting and dripping in fire, a behavior that may be modified by adding flame retardants (FRs). These affect materials properties, e.g., heat absorption and viscosity. In this paper, the effect of a flame retardant on the fire behavior of polymers in the UL 94 scenario is studied. This goal is achieved essentially by applying a new computational strategy that combines the particle finite element method for the polymer with an Eulerian formulation for air. The sample selected is a polypropylene (PP) with magnesium hydroxide at 30 wt.%. For modelling, values of density, conductivity, specific heat, viscosity, and Arrhenius coefficients are obtained from different literature sources, and experimental characterization is performed. However, to alleviate the missing viscosity at a high temperature, three viscosity curves are introduced on the basis of the viscosity curve provided by NIST and the images of the test. In the experiment, we burn the specimen under the UL 94 condition, recording the process and measuring the temperature evolution by means of three thermocouples. The UL 94 test is solved, validating the methodology and quantifying the effect of FR on the dripping behavior. The numerical results prove that well-adjusted viscosity is crucial to achieving good agreement between the experimental and numerical results in terms of the shape of the polymer and the temperature evolution inside the polymer.
Abstract
Many polymer-made objects show a trend of melting and dripping in fire, a behavior that may be modified by adding flame retardants (FRs). These affect materials properties, [...]
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High-fidelity simulation of pathogen propagation, transmission and mitigation in the built environment
R. Lohner, H. Antil, A. Srinivasan, S. Idelsohn, E. Oñate

Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering (2021). Special Issue: Modeling and Simulation of Infectious Diseases

Abstract
An overview of high-fidelity modeling of pathogen propagation, transmission and mitigation in the built environment is given. In order to derive the required physical and numerical models, the current understanding of pathogen, and in particular virus transmission and mitigation is summarized. The ordinary and partial differential equations that describe the flow, the particles and possibly the UV radiation loads in rooms or HVAC ducts are presented, as well as proper numerical methods to solve them in an expedient way. Thereafter, the motion of pedestrians, as well as proper ways to couple computational fluid dynamics and computational crowd dynamics to enable high-fidelity pathogen transmission and infection simulations is treated. The present review shows that high-fidelity simulations of pathogen propagation, transmission and mitigation in the built environment have reached a high degree of sophistication, offering a quantum leap in accuracy from simpler probabilistic models. This is particularly the case when considering the propagation of pathogens via aerosols in the presence of moving pedestrians.
Abstract
An overview of high-fidelity modeling of pathogen propagation, transmission and mitigation in the built environment is given. In order to derive the required physical and [...]
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Effects of expandable graphite on char morphology and pyrolysis of epoxy based intumescent fire-retardant coating
S. Ullah, F. Ahmad, A. Al-Sehemi, M. Raza, M. Assiri, A. Irfan, E. Oñate, G. Yeoh

Journal of Applied Polymer Science (2021). Vol. 138(41), 51206

Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate the effects of expandable graph-ite (EG) on fire protection properties of intumescent fire-retardant coating forsteel structures. Several formulations of intumescent coating were preparedand tested according to ISO 834 for char expansion. The chars were foundwithout cracks and bonded with the steel substrate. The results showed thatthe coating slowly degraded during the test and char remained in contact withvertically tested coated substrate. The coated substrates were also tested forweather resistance using humid and ultraviolet environment. The char wascharacterized by using FESEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA, and XPS analysis. FESEMexamined char morphology of the coatings after furnace fire test. XRD andFTIR showed the presence of graphite, borophosphate; boron oxide andsassolite in the char. TGA and DTGA results disclosed that EG improved theresidual mass of coating. XPS analysis showed the percentages of carbon andoxygen are 48.50 and 43.45 in char of formulation with 12.8% EG. The resultsof weathering test coatings showed decreased in char expansion because of ahumidity and UV light. The formulation with 9.8% EG showed the maximumchar expansion and high residual mass among the formula tions investigated inthis study. The weathering tested coated samples showed their capability offire protection.
Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate the effects of expandable graph-ite (EG) on fire protection properties of intumescent fire-retardant coating forsteel structures. [...]
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Data Management Plan
J. García-Espinosa, C. Soriano

prodPhD OA (2021). 4

Abstract
This document presents the deliverable D8.1 – the Data Management Plan (DMP) of work package 8 of the prodPhD project. It aims to present the plan for the management, generation, collection, security, preservation and sharing of data generated through the prodPhD project. The DMP is a key element for organizing the project’s data. It provides an analysis of the data, which will be collected, processed and published by the prodPhD consortium. The project embraces the initiatives of the European Commission to promote the open access to research data, aiming to improve and maximize access to and reuse of research data generated by Horizon 2020 projects. In this sense prodPhD will adhere to the Open Research Data Pilot (ORD Pilot) fostered by the European Commission, and this DMP will be developed following the standards of data storage, access and management. This plan will detail what data will be generated through the project, whether and how it will be made accessible for the verification and reuse and how it will be curated and preserved. In this context, the term data applies to the information generated during the different experimental campaigns carried out in the project, and specifically to the data, including associated metadata, to be used to validate the computational models and the technical solutions to be developed in the project. This document is the first version of the DMP and may be updated throughout the project, if significant changes (new data, changes in consortium policies, changes in consortium composition, etc.) arise.
Abstract
This document presents the deliverable D8.1 – the Data Management Plan (DMP) of work package 8 of the prodPhD project. It aims to present the plan for the management, [...]
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Key performance indicators (KPIs)
E. Sanz, P. Alonso, B. Haidar, H. Ghaemi, L. García

prodPhD OA (2021). 3

Abstract
The project “Social network tools and procedures for developing entrepreneurial skills in PhD programmes” (prodPhD) aims to implement innovative social network-based methodologies for teaching and learning entrepreneurship in PhD programmes. The multidisciplinary teaching and learning methodologies to be developed will enable entrepreneurship education to be introduced into any PhD programme, providing students with the knowledge, skills, and motivation to engage in entrepreneurial activities. However, the use of the output of the project will depend on the nature and profile of the research or scientific field. In this context, key performance indicators (KPIs) form the base on which the quality and scope of the methodologies developed in the project will be quantified and benchmarked. The project’s final product will be an online tool that higher education students can use to learn entrepreneurship from a social network perspective. Performance measurement is one of the first steps of any project and involves the choice and use of indicators to measure the effectiveness and success of the project’s methods and results. All the KPIs have been selected according to criteria of relevance, measurability, reliability, and adequacy, and they cover the process, dissemination methods, and overall quality of the project. In this document, each KPI is defined together with the units and instruments for measuring it. In the case of qualitative KPIs, five-level Likert scales are defined to improve indicator measurability and reliability. The KPIs for prodPhD are divided into three main dimensions, depending on the stage of the project they evaluate. The three main dimensions are performance and development (which are highly related to the project’s process), dissemination and impact (which are more closely correlated with the project’s output), and overall project quality. Different sources (i.e., European projects and papers) have been drawn upon to define a set of 51 KPIs classified into six categories, according to the project phase they aim to evaluate. An Excel tool has been developed that collects all the KPIs analysed in the production of this document. This tool is shared in the Scipedia repository.
Abstract
The project “Social network tools and procedures for developing entrepreneurial skills in PhD programmes” (prodPhD) aims to implement innovative social network-based [...]
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Needs and requirements analysis
E. Sanz, M. Lascurain, A. Serrano, B. Haidar, P. Alonso, J. García-Espinosa

prodPhD OA (2021). 2

Abstract
The prodPhD project aims to address the challenging problem of introducing entrepreneurship training in PhD programmes regardless of discipline. The prodPhD project will create the necessary teaching methodologies and the platform for applying them. The project consists of a consortium of four organizations from across Europe. The main objective of the prodPhD project is to implement innovative social network-based methodologies for teaching and learning entrepreneurship in PhD programmes. The multidisciplinary teaching and learning methodologies will enable entrepreneurship education to be introduced into any PhD programme, providing students with the knowledge, skills, and motivation to engage in entrepreneurial activities. The methodology will be conceived to develop experiential knowledge, involving academics, entrepreneurship experts, and mentors in its development and implementation. Besides, the exchange of experience, competences, and approaches facilitated by social networking will pave the way to crowdsourcing new ideas, improving training methodologies, and stimulating academics’ entrepreneurial skills.
Abstract
The prodPhD project aims to address the challenging problem of introducing entrepreneurship training in PhD programmes regardless of discipline. The prodPhD project will create [...]
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Excel VBA-based user defined functions for highly precise Colebrook’s pipe flow friction approximations: A comparative overview
D. Brkić, Z. Stajić

Facta Universitatis, series: Mechanical Engineering (FU Mech Eng) (2021). Brkić, D. and Stajić, Z., 2021. Excel VBA-Based User Defined Functions for Highly Precise Colebrook’s Pipe Flow Friction Approximations: A Comparative Overview. Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering 9(2):7267. Available from: http://casopisi.junis.ni.ac.rs/index.php/FUMechEng/article/view/7267

Abstract
This review paper gives Excel functions for highly precise Colebrook’s pipe flow friction approximations developed by users. All shown codes are implemented as User Defined Functions – UDFs written in Visual Basic for Applications – VBA, a common programming language for MS Excel spreadsheet solver. Accuracy of the friction factor computed using nine to date the most accurate explicit approximations is compared with the sufficiently accurate solution obtained through an iterative scheme which gives satisfying results after sufficient number of iterations. The codes are given for the presented approximations, for the used iterative scheme and for the Colebrook equation expressed through the Lambert W-function (including its cognate Wright ωfunction). The developed code for the principal branch of the Lambert W-function has additional and more general application for solving different problems from variety branches of engineering and physics. The approach from this review paper automates computational processes and speeds up manual tasks.
Abstract
This review paper gives Excel functions for highly precise Colebrook’s pipe flow friction approximations developed by users. All shown codes are implemented as User [...]
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Finite element methods for advection-diffusion-absorption and fluid flow problems
A. Puigferrat, E. Oñate, I. Pouplana

Monograph CIMNE (2021). M193, 114 pp.

Abstract
The objective of the work is to develop a numerical tool to describe how the concentration of one or more substances distributed in a fluid environment changes under the effect of three transport processes: advection, diffusion and absorption. For that purpose, it is essential to know the interaction of the transported substance with the fluid medium. The work aims to develop stabilized numerical methods for solving the transport and fluid flow equations in a coupled manner for greater accuracy, efficiency and speed when predicting the motion of the transported substances in the fluid. Emphasis is put in the transport of substances in fluids at high P\'eclet numbers. The practical motivation of the work is predicting the transport of a pollutant in air in urban environments. The work document summarizes the research published in three papers published in JCR journals of high impact. The author of the work is also the first author in the three papers. The papers are attached to the document in the corresponding chapters. The description of the work developments has been organized as follows. First, we present the research carried out in the work for the development of a generalized stabilized Finite Increment Calculus-Finite Element Method (FIC--FEM) formulation for solving the multidimensional transient advection-diffusion-absorption equation. The starting point of the developments are the governing equations for the multidimensional steady advection-diffusion-absorption and the unidimensional transient advection-diffusion-absorption problems obtained via the FIC procedure. The good behaviour of the new FIC--FEM formulation is shown in several examples of application. This work was published in the first of the three papers mentioned. In the following chapter we present an innovative numerical method for solving transport problems with high values of advection and / or absorption. A Lagrangian approach based on the updated version of the classical Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) has been developed to calculate the advection of substances in fluids, while a Eulerian strategy based on the stabilized FIC--FEM formulation is adopted to compute diffusion and absorption effects. The new semi-Lagrangian approach has been validated in its application of a series of academic examples of transport of substances for different values of the P\'eclet and Damk\"ohler numbers. Finally, we derive a procedure for coupling the fluid and transport equations to model the distribution of a pollutant in a street canyon. In our case, we have considered black carbon (BC) as the pollutant. The evolution of the fluid flow is calculated with a standard stabilized finite element method using the Quasi-Static Variational Multiscale (QS-VMS) technique. For the temperature and pollutant transport we use the semi-Lagrangian procedure developed in the work. Several examples of application have been solved to illustrate the accuracy and practicability of the proposed numerical tool for predicting the transport of a pollutant in air in urban environments. One of the examples are presented in the third paper, while another academic one is presented in the appendix of this document.
Abstract
The objective of the work is to develop a numerical tool to describe how the concentration of one or more substances distributed in a fluid environment changes under the effect [...]
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Factors Affecting Supervision Practice of Public Building Construction Projects in Dire Dawa Administration
A. Getu, E. Quezon, T. Genie

Emer Tucay Quezon's personal collection (2021). 56

Abstract
Proper completion of a public building construction project is dependent on the effectiveness of the construction supervision. However, it has become increasingly difficult to finish construction projects within the specified time, budget, and quality standards due to poor supervision practices. Approaches such as quantitative and qualitative research and descriptive research types were used in this study. Questionnaires survey were issued to 104 respondents, with 11 representing clients, 22 representing consultants, and 71 representing contractors. There were 33 factors identified, which were then divided into seven groups for further analysis. It was discovered that the top-ranked factors that influence construction supervision practice are: supervisors' lack of skills and experience, incompleteness and consistency in the design, lack of appropriate decision making, location of the project, material and equipment costs, a lack of construction materials supply, and effect of weather conditions. The Relative Importance Index was calculated to determine whether or not the parties agreed on the factors and ranked them according to their importance. Most respondents suggested that supervisors should receive proper training, and comprehensive and detailed drawings should be provided on time. In addition, it was discovered that the top three essential group elements affecting supervision practice of the public building project are supervisory, design, and management-related aspects.
Abstract
Proper completion of a public building construction project is dependent on the effectiveness of the construction supervision. However, it has become increasingly difficult [...]
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A Parallel Dynamic Asynchronous Framework for Uncertainty Quantification by Hierarchical Monte Carlo Algorithms
R. Tosi, R. Amela, R. Badia, R. Rossi

A Parallel Dynamic Asynchronous Framework for Uncertainty Quantification by Hierarchical Monte Carlo Algorithms (2021). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10915-021-01598-6

Abstract
The necessity of dealing with uncertainties is growing in many different fields of science and engineering. Due to the constant development of computational capabilities, current solvers must satisfy both statistical accuracy and computational efficiency. The aim of this work is to introduce an asynchronous framework for Monte Carlo and Multilevel Monte Carlo methods to achieve such a result. The proposed approach presents the same reliability of state of the art techniques, and aims at improving the computational efficiency by adding a new level of parallelism with respect to existing algorithms: between batches, where each batch owns its hierarchy and is independent from the others. Two different numerical problems are considered and solved in a supercomputer to show the behavior of the proposed approach.
Abstract
The necessity of dealing with uncertainties is growing in many different fields of science and engineering. Due to the constant development of computational capabilities, [...]
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Data-Driven Virtual Replication of Thermostatically Controlled Domestic Heating Systems
G. Mor Martinez, J. Cipriano, E. Gabaldon, B. Grillone, D. Chemisana

Energies (2021). -

Abstract
Thermostatic load control systems are widespread in many countries. Since they provide heat for domestic hot water and space heating on a massive scale in the residential sector, the assessment of their energy performance and the effect of different control strategies requires simplified modeling techniques demanding a small number of inputs and low computational resources. Data-driven techniques are envisaged as one of the best options to meet these constraints. This paper presents a novel methodology consisting of the combination of an optimization algorithm, two auto-regressive models and a control loop algorithm able to virtually replicate the control of thermostatically driven systems. This combined strategy includes all the thermostatically controlled modes governed by the set point temperature and enables automatic assessment of the energy consumption impact of multiple scenarios. The required inputs are limited to available historical readings from smart thermostats and external climate data sources. The methodology has been trained and validated with data sets coming from a selection of 11 smart thermostats, connected to gas boilers, placed in several households located in north-eastern Spain. Important conclusions of the research are that these techniques can estimate the temperature decay of households when the space heating is off as well as the energy consumption needed to reach the comfort conditions. The results of the research also show that estimated median energy savings of 18.1% and 36.5% can be achieved if the usual set point temperature schedule is lowered by 1○C and 2○C, respectively.
Abstract
Thermostatic load control systems are widespread in many countries. Since they provide heat for domestic hot water and space heating on a massive scale in the residential [...]
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A data-driven method for unsupervised electricity consumption characterisation at the district level and beyond
G. Mor Martinez, J. Cipriano, G. Martirano, F. Pignatelli, C. Lodi, F. Lazzari, B. Grillone, D. Chemisana

Energy Reports (2021). -

Abstract
A bottom-up electricity characterisation methodology of the building stock at the local level is presented. It is based on the statistical learning analysis of aggregated energy consumption data, weather data, cadastre, and socioeconomic information. To demonstrate the validity of this methodology, the characterisation of the electricity consumption of the whole province of Lleida, located in northeast Spain, is implemented and tested. The geographical aggregation level considered is the postal code since it is the highest data resolution available through the open data sources used in the research work. The development and the experimental tests are supported by a web application environment formed by interactive user interfaces specifically developed for this purpose. The paper’s novelty relies on the application of statistical data methods able to infer the main energy performance characteristics of a large number of urban districts without prior knowledge of their building characteristics and with the use of solely measured data coming from smart meters, cadastre databases and weather forecasting services. A data-driven technique disaggregates electricity consumption in multiple uses (space heating, cooling, holidays and baseload). In addition, multiple Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are derived from this disaggregated energy uses to obtain the energy characterisation of the buildings within a specific area. The potential reuse of this methodology allows for a better understanding of the drivers of electricity use, with multiple applications for the public and private sector.
Abstract
A bottom-up electricity characterisation methodology of the building stock at the local level is presented. It is based on the statistical learning analysis of aggregated [...]
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Data-driven method for unsupervised electricity consumption characterisation at district level and beyond
G. Mor Martinez, G. Martirano, F. Pignatelli

(2021). JRC

Abstract
Enhancing energy efficiency has become a priority for the European Union. Several policies and initiatives aim to improve the energy performance of buildings and collect data of sufficient quality on the effect of energy efficiency policies on building stocks across Europe. Knowledge about the characteristics of the building stock and the usage of these buildings' occupants is essential for defining and assessing strategies for energy savings. Nowadays, dynamic measured data from the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), especially in electricity consumption, combined with location-based data, like weather, cadastre, social or economic conditions, should be available for a significant part of the building stocks in Europe. Combinedly, this enormous set of data contains the characteristics of how buildings and their occupants consume energy. In this document, a bottom-up electricity characterisation methodology of the building stock at the local level is presented. It is based on the statistical analysis of aggregated energy consumption data, weather data, cadastre, and socioeconomic information. For validation purposes, the characterisation of the electricity consumption over Lleida (Spain) province is performed. The geographical aggregation level considered is the postal code (more detailed than LAU level 2, formerly NUTS level 5), due to it is the highest resolution available through the Spanish Distribution System Operators (DSOs) data portal. Besides, a web application to visualise the results of the characterisation has also been developed. The major novelty is the use of high-frequency consumption data from most consumers in each analysis area without considering any Building Energy Simulation (BES) model that considers performance or energy use assumptions. For this purpose, a data-driven technique is used to disaggregate consumption due to multiple components (heating, cooling, holiday and baseload). In addition, multiple Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are derived from these components to obtain the characterisation results. The potential reuse of this methodology allows for a better understanding of the drivers of electricity use, with multiple applications for the public and private sectors. This study has been executed in the frame of the Energy & Location Applications of the ELISE (European Location Interoperability Solutions for e-Government) action of the ISA 2 (Interoperability solutions for public administrations, businesses and citizens) Programme.
Abstract
Enhancing energy efficiency has become a priority for the European Union. Several policies and initiatives aim to improve the energy performance of buildings and collect [...]
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On the use of artificial neural networks and micromechanical analysis for prediciting elastic properties of unidirectional composites
E. Ghane, M. Fagerström, M. Mirkhalaf

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.
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Función de dos variables y sucesiones numéricas eventualmente periódicas.
M. Cerdá Bennassar

Miguel Cerdá Bennassar's personal collection (2021). 2

Abstract
Presento un algoritmo que define una función generadora de secuencias eventualmente periódicas, con los valores del ciclo elegibles y empezadas con cualquier número entero.
Abstract
Presento un algoritmo que define una función generadora de secuencias eventualmente periódicas, con los valores del ciclo elegibles y empezadas con cualquier [...]
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Function of two variables and sequences eventually periodic.
M. Cerdá Bennassar

Miguel Cerdá Bennassar's personal collection (2021). 1

Abstract
I present an algorithm that defines a function generator of sequences eventually periodic, with eligible cycle values and starting with any integer.
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D7.3 Report on UQ results and overall user experience
S. Bidier, U. Khristenko, R. Tosi, R. Rossi, C. Soriano

Open Access Repository of the ExaQUte project: Deliverables (2021). 13

Abstract
This deliverable report focuses on the main Uncertainty Quanti cation (UQ) results obtained within the EXAscale Quanti cation of Uncertainties for Technology and Science Simulation (ExaQUte) project. Details on the turbulent wind inlet generator, that enables the supply of random, yet steady, wind velocity boundary conditions during run-time, are given in section 2. This enables the developed UQ workflow, whose results are presented on the basis of the Commonwealth Advisory Aeronautical Council (CAARC) as described in Deliverable 7.1. Finally, the completed UQ workflow and the results are evaluated from an application-driven wind engineering point of view. Thereby, the significance of the developed methods and the obtained results are discussed and their applicability in practical wind-engineering applications is tested through a complete test-run of the UQ workflow.
Abstract
This deliverable report focuses on the main Uncertainty Quanti cation (UQ) results obtained within the EXAscale Quanti cation of Uncertainties for Technology and Science Simulation [...]
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D4.4 API and runtime (complete with documentation and basic unit testing) for IO employing fast local storage
R. Badia, J. Ejarque, S. Böhm, C. Soriano, R. Rossi

Open Access Repository of the ExaQUte project: Deliverables (2021). 12

Abstract
This deliverable presents the activities performed on the ExaQUte project task 4.5 Development of interface to fast local storage. The activities have been focused in two aspects: reduction of the storage space used by applications and design and implementation of an interface that optimizes the use of fast local storage by MPI simulations involved in the project applications. In the rst case, for one of the environments involved in the project (PyCOMPSs) the default behavior is to keep all intermediate les until the end of the execution, in case these les are reused later by any additional task. In the case of the other environment (HyperLoom), all les are deleted by default. To unify these two behaviours, the calls \delete object" and \detele le"have been added to the API and a ag \keep" that can be set to true to keep the les and objects that maybe needed later on. We are reporting results on the optimization of the storage needed by a small case of the project application that reduces the storage needed from 25GB to 350MB. The second focus has been on the de nition of an interface that enables the optimization of the use of local storage disk. This optimization focuses on MPI simulations that may be executed across multiple nodes. The added annotation enables to de ne access patters of the processes in the MPI simulations, with the objective of giving hints to the runtime of where to allocate the di erent MPI processes and reduce the data transfers, as well as the storage usage.
Abstract
This deliverable presents the activities performed on the ExaQUte project task 4.5 Development of interface to fast local storage. The activities have been focused in two [...]
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Baseline Energy Use Modeling and Characterization in Tertiary Buildings Using an Interpretable Bayesian Linear Regression Methodology
B. Grillone, G. Mor Martinez, S. Danov, J. Cipriano, F. Lazzari, A. Sumper

Benedetto Grillone's personal collection (2021). 2

Abstract
Interpretable and scalable data-driven methodologies providing high granularity baseline predictions of energy use in buildings are essential for the accurate measurement and verification of energy renovation projects and have the potential of unlocking considerable investments in energy efficiency worldwide. Bayesian methodologies have been demonstrated to hold great potential for energy baseline modelling, by providing richer and more valuable information using intuitive mathematics. This paper proposes a Bayesian linear regression methodology for hourly baseline energy consumption predictions in commercial buildings. The methodology also enables a detailed characterization of the analyzed buildings through the detection of typical electricity usage profiles and the estimation of the weather dependence. The effects of different Bayesian model specifications were tested, including the use of different prior distributions, predictor variables, posterior estimation techniques, and the implementation of multilevel regression. The approach was tested on an open dataset containing two years of electricity meter readings at an hourly frequency for 1578 non-residential buildings. The best performing model specifications were identified, among the ones tested. The results show that the methodology developed is able to provide accurate high granularity baseline predictions, while also being intuitive and explainable. The building consumption characterization provides actionable information that can be used by energy managers to improve the performance of the analyzed facilities.
Abstract
Interpretable and scalable data-driven methodologies providing high granularity baseline predictions of energy use in buildings are essential for the accurate measurement [...]
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Performance-Based Optimization of Reinforced Ductile Concrete Frames with Asymmetric Reinforcement in Columns, using the ISR analogy
L. Verduzco Martínez, J. Rangel, M. Hernández, J. Zaragoza

Performance-Based Optimization of Reinforced Ductile Concrete Frames with Asymmetric Reinforcement in Columns, using the ISR analogy (2021). Available: https://www.journalcjast.com/index.php/CJAST/article/view/31469

Abstract
The present work exposes the design of optimization procedures both with the “Particle Swarm Optimization” (PSO) algorithm and the “Genetic Algorithm” (GA) for the design of reinforced concrete frames, making comparisons in cost, weight of the structure and predicted damage. The optimization procedures are built up using the “Idealized Smeared Reinforcement” (ISR) analogy for each element of the structural model frames considered for this work. Two different numerical structural plane-frame models were created for the application and comparison of the performance of the optimization design procedures hereby proposed. The optimization procedures were mono-objective with a cost-objective function, taking on account steel reinforcement and concrete for the cost computation. Two different design approaches were carried on for this work, one proposing asymmetrical reinforcement for columns and the other with symmetrical reinforcement. In order to compute the damage indices considered for this study a non-linear Pushover structural analysis is performed. Results show that asymmetrical reinforcement in columns may reduce concrete volumes, although such reduction in material might not be quite proportional with construction cost, given that asymmetric reinforcement in columns is more expensive than symmetrical, per unit-cost. The bigger the structure, the more likely is to obtain lighter structures by using asymmetrical reinforcement. Regarding damage of the structure, results show that when using asymmetrical reinforcement in columns, it is more likely to obtain smaller values for the expected damage with no great difference on the estimated collapse Safety Factors for the seismic loads. In general, the proposed methodology hereby proposed enhances quite good optima results, requiring only a few adjustments of clash-free and slap reinforcement after the optimization procedure terminates. When designing reinforced concrete frames with asymmetric reinforcement in columns, an increase in construction costs of as much as $25\%$ as that obtained for symmetric reinforcement could be enhanced. In general, with the proposed methodology to optimally design reinforced concrete frames, savings of as much as $20\%$ in construction costs from an initial structural proposal can be reached.
Abstract
The present work exposes the design of optimization procedures both with the “Particle Swarm Optimization” (PSO) algorithm and the “Genetic Algorithm” [...]
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Encounting for Intra/Interlaminar Coupling by Using both In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Strains in an Hybrid Interface Model
G. Lubineau, P. Hu

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
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Enabling Multiscale Analysis of Very Large Composite Structures
S. Pinho, M. Matos, R. Costa, A. Ibbotson, M. Ostergaard

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
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Modelling the Effect of Fibre Length Distributions in Short Fibre Reinforced Composites
N. Mentges, S. Mirkhalaf, M. Fagerström

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
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Efficient Modelling of Delamination Initiation and Propagation in Large Structures
P. Daniel, J. Främby, P. Maimí, M. Fagerström

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
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An Arc-Length Solver with Dissipation Path-Following for Complex Analysis of Brittle Failure and Stability of Composite Structures
E. Borjesson, M. Fagerstrom, J. Remmers

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
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Modelling the Influence of The Stacking Order on Damage in Laminated Composites
M. Nicol, F. Laurin, M. Hirsekorn, J. Maire, W. Albouy, S. Treutenaere

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
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Investigation of Three-Dimensional Dynamic Delamination in Curved Unidirectional CFRP Laminates
T. Ata, D. Coker

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
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Thermodynamics Based Artificial Neural Networks Based Homogenization of Composite Materials
S. Müller

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
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Modelling the Finite Strain Behaviour of Unidirectional Composites: an Invariant-Based Model with Viscous Effects
I. Rodrigues Lopes, P. Camanho, F. Andrade Pires

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Stochastic Behaviour in Sub-Ply Failure Mechanism of Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Composites
D. Garoz, M. Flores, D. Mollenhauer, C. González

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Numerical Simulations of Dynamic Delamination In [05/903]S CFRP Beams Subjected To Transverse Impact
D. Coker, M. Bozkurt, E. Gurses

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
PolyHydroxyAlkanoates/ Alfa Fibers Bio-Composites: Elaboration and Mechanical Testing
I. Zaafouri, M. Zrida, H. Laurent, A. hamzaoui

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Mesoscale Modelling of Woven Composite Materials with Manufacturing Defect Using Micro-Tomography Images
G. Fourrier, C. Fagiano, M. Hirsekorn, F. Leroy, A. Rassineux, E. Baranger

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Rx-Fem Fatigue Modeling of Laminated Composites in Abaqus
Y. Liang, C. Dávila, E. Iarve

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Structural Optimisation for Damage Tolerance
R. Costa, S. Pinho

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
A Methodology to Generate Design Allowables of Composite Laminates Using Machine Learning
C. Furtado, L. Pereira, R. Tavares, M. Salgado, F. Otero, G. Catalanotti, A. Arteiro, M. Bessa, P. Camanho

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
On a Reduced Order Fe-Model to Simulate Nonlinear Material Response in Large Composite Structures
O. Dorn, C. Rolffs, S. Scheffler, R. Rolfes

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
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- read
Prediction of Damages Induced by a Low-Velocity Impact on Last Generation Composite Laminates
S. Chaibi, C. Bouvet, F. Laurin, J. Rannou, J. Berthe, F. Congourdeau

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
A Novel Plasticity-Damage Constitutive Model for Unidirectional Long Fibre Reinforced Polymer
I. Cozar, P. Maimi, F. Otero, E. Gonzalez, P. Camanho, S. Miot, A. Turon

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
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Identification and Drapability of High Performance Thermoplastic UD Composites for Aeronautical Application
B. Wintiba, P. Berke, F. Lani, T. Massart

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
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- read
Reliability-Based Design Optimization of a Composite Plate through a Dual Design Space
L. Coelho, N. Fabbiane, C. Fagiano, C. Julien, D. Lucor

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Improvement of Translaminar Toughness of Composite Materials through Pseudo-Ductility
A. Subramani, P. Maimi, J. Costa

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
The Impact of the Curing and Post-Stretching Process on the Stresses Distribution Around an Open Hole in Glare Laminate
F. Turon, F. Otero, J. Gois de Freitas, C. Van Hengel, H. de Frel, X. Martinez

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Comparing Acceleration Techniques for FE2: Classic Mesoscale Modeling, Black-Box Data-Driven Modeling and Physics-Informed Hyper-Reduction
I. Rocha, P. Kerfriden, F. Meer

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
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- read
Extended Failure Models for Global and Local Analyses of Composite Aerostructures
G. Corrado, A. Arteiro, J. Reinoso, F. Glock, F. Daoud

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Inverse Differential Quadrature Method for 3d Static Analysis of Composite Beam Structures
S. Ojo, L. Trinh, P. Weaver

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Estimation of Sensitive Material Properties of an Open Hole Tension Test of Composite Laminates
A. Sasikumar, I. Cozar, O. Vallmajo, S. Abdel-Monsef, M. Delozzo, A. Turon

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
An Adaptive Approach to Tackle Localization Phenomena in Clustering-Based Reduced Order Models
B. Ferreira, F. Andrade Pires, M. Bessa

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
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- read
Key Issues in a Benchmarking Exercise for Longitudinal Tensile Failure of Unidirectional Composites
C. Breite, A. Melnikov, F. Mesquita, S. Lomov, Y. Swolfs

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Longitudinal Debonding in Unidirectional Composites: A Numerical Study of the Effect of Interfacial Properties
S. AhmadvashAghbash, C. Breite, M. Mehdikhani, Y. Swolfs

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Material Modling of Textile Reinforced Composites with Respect to Fracture Initiation and Strain Rate Sensitivity
M. Richter, H. Dell, G. Oberhofer, H. Gese, F. Duddeck

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
A Multi-Scale Modelling Approach Predicting the Effect of Porosity on the Transverse Strength in Composites
B. Fisher, M. Eaton, R. Pullin

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Process Induced Deformations and Residual Stresses in Curved Composite Parts: A Parametric Analysis
E. Zappino, M. Petrolo, N. Zobeiry, E. Carrera

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Multidimensional Inverse Differential Quadrature Method for Analysis of Composite Plate Structures
H. Khalid, S. Ojo, P. Weaver

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Additive Edge Binding Layers to Suppress Free-Edgedelamination under Tensile Load
M. Torres, M. Jalalvand

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Tensile Response of Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) Coupons Including Gaps and Overlaps: Experiments vs. Simulations
S. García Rodriguez, A. Chiappini, C. Huchette, S. Miot, C. Fagiano, L. Barriere

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
The influence of the Curing Residual Thermal Stresses and Post-Stretching Process on Glare Laminate
F. Otero, F. Turon, J. Gois de Freitas, C. van Hengel, H. de Frel, X. Martínez

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Characterization of Fiber Local Misalignment Using Computed Tomography Coupled with Digital Image Correlation
M. Mehdikhani, C. Breite, Y. Swolfs, L. Gorbatikh, M. Wevers, S. Lomov

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Predicting the Elasto-Plastic Response of Short Fiber Composites Using Deep Neural Networks Trained on Micro-Mechanical Simulations
J. Friemann, B. Dashtbozorg, M. Fagerström, M. Mirkhalaf

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Modeling and Simulation of Recycled Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites with Varying Fiber Lengths
T. Lang, M. Hasan, T. Gereke, A. Abdkader, C. Cherif

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Phase-field Based Damage Modelling of 3D-Woven Composites
C. Oddy, M. Ekh, M. Fagerstrom

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Fracture Properties of Agglomerated Nanoparticle Reinforced Polymers: A Coarse-Grained Model
A. Mousavi, B. Arash, R. Rolfes

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
The Influence of the Internal Pressure on the Impact Behavior of Composite-Overwrapped Pressure Vessels
R. Weerts, O. Cousigne, K. Kunze, M. Geers, J. Remmers

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
High-cycle Fatigue Optimization of Laminated Composite Structures
S. Hermansen, E. Lund

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Numerical Modeling of Delaminsations in Multi-Layered Plates
J. Jaskowiec, P. Plucinski

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Simulation of The Wrinkling of Thin Hyperelastic Composite Strips under Global Tensile Loading
M. Schasching, R. Duy, T. Ceglar, M. Todt, H. Pettermann

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Numerical Study of yhe Creep Buckling Response of Laminated Orthotropic Linear Viscoelastic Cylindrical Shells
M. Todt, R. Tomas, T. Koch, H. Pettermann

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Simulation of Lightning-Induced Mechanical Damage in CFRP Laminates
A. Arteiro, D. Alonso, C. Karch, P. Camanho

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Micromechanisms of Load History Effects in Fatigue-Driven Delamination Growth
S. Jensen, B. Bak, E. Lindgaard, J. Renart

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Automated Model Generation of Large Wind Turbine Blades: Advantage of Solid over Shell Elements
R. Tavares, W. Paepegem

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
A Generalized Interface Law in Dynamic Coupled Thermoelasticity: Asymptotic Analysis and Fem Validation
M. Serpilli, S. Dumont, R. Rizzoni, F. Lebon

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Modelling Damage Growth Using a Physically-Based and Finite Deformation Model
S. Costa, H. Zrida, M. Herraez, R. Olsson, R. Östlund

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Mode I fracture Assessment of Adhesively Bonded Non-Crimp Fabric Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composite Joints
R. Dehaghani, D. Cronin, J. Montesano

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Non-Periodicity Challenges in Modelling and Experimental Testing of 3D Woven Composites
B. El Said, S. Hallett

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Constitutive Modeling and Finite Element Simulation of Metal-Polymer-Metal Sandwich Structures
P. Dileep, S. Hartmann, T. Fischer, G. Ziegmann, W. Hua, H. Palkowski

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Model Error Estimation Based on Asymptotic Homogenization for Periodic Heterogeneous Structures
M. Fergoug, N. Feld, S. Forest, B. Marchand, A. Parret-Fréaud

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
A Data-Reduction Method for Intralaminar Cohesive Properties Using a Bayesian Approach
C. González

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Optimization of Specimen and Tabs Geometry for Quasi-Static and Fatigue Testing of Composites in UD 90° Laminates
C. Schneider, G. Pinter

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Microscale Analysis of the Influence of Void Content, Distribution and Size on Fiber-Reinforced Polymers
O. Vallmajo, A. Turon, A. Arteiro

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
An Updated Simulation Framework for the Prediction of Process Induced Shape Distortion in Thermoset Composites
N. Traiforos, T. Turner, P. Runeberg, D. Fernass, D. Chronopoulos, F. Glock, G. Schuhmacher

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Characterization of Interlaminar Friction During Forming Processes of Thermoplastic CFRP Materials
D. Campos, P. Maimi, S. Lopez, A. Martín

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Modelling the Rate- and Temperature-Dependent Micro-Mechanical Behaviour of Carbon Fiber Reinforced PVDF
T. Lenders, J. Remmers, T. Pini, L. Govaert, M. Geers

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Visco-Plastic Behaviour of a Polymer Matrix at the Fibre Diameter Length Scale: a Finite Element Mesoscale Model Relying on Shear Transformation Zone (STZ) Dynamics
N. Klavzer, F. Van Loock, J. Chevalier, L. Brassart, T. Pardoen

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Methodical Development of a Structural Health Monitoring System for COPV Supported by a Digital Shadow.
R. Richstein, T. Reichartz, A. Janetzko-Preisler, K. Schroeder

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Numerical Stress Analysis for Prediction of Crack Propagation Direction in Adhesive Layer
N. Al-Ramahi, R. Joffe, J. Varna

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Fiber Break Model for Unidirectional Composites in Tension-Tension Fatigue.
B. Fazlali, S. Lomov, Y. Swolfs

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Experimental Inverstigations on the Influence of Prestress on Lamb Wave Propagation
T. Barth, R. Lammering

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Computationally Efficient Modeling of Delamination Behavior in Laminated Composites
K. Anam, M. Todt, H. Pettermann

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Partitioned-domain Particle-continuum Coupling Methods for Simulations of Inelastic Amorphous Polymer-Based Nanocomposites
W. Zhao, S. Pfaller

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Distortional Hardening Material Model for Unidirectioally Reinforced CFRTP Considered from the Results of Numerical Material Testing
K. Yamamoto, M. Somemiya, S. Matsubara, N. Hirayama, K. Terada

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Discrete-to-Continuum Coupling of Pre-Deformed Thermoplastic Polymers
C. Bauer, S. Pfaller

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
It‘s on a Roll: Draping Courses of Glass Fiber Fabric in a Wind Turbine Blade Mold by Means of Optimization
C. Krogh, J. Kepler, J. Jakobsen

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
A Framework for Homogenizing Poly-crystalline Silicon Wafers Including Pre-cracks
M. Tariq, C. Gerendt, S. Scheffler, R. Rolfes

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Averaging techniques for microstructures with localization bands due to damage progression
L. Poggenpohl, J. Simon

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Towards Controlled Peeling as a Process to Recover Reusable Organosheet Laminae
S. Arnold-Keifer, M. Imbert, N. Gross, M. May

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Probabilistic Failure Prediction under Combined in-plane Compression-Shear Loading for Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Composites
N. Safdar, B. Daum, S. Scheffler, R. Rolfes

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Evaluation of the Influence of the Matrix-inclusion Interface Based on FFT Methods
T. Do, P. Karamian

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
Functional Composites for Energy Harvesting Applications with Low-Frequency Magnetic Actuation
M. Rosso, R. Ardito, A. Corigliano

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read
An Adaptive Floating Node Based Formulation for Progressive Fatigue Analysis of Multiple Delaminations
G. Trabal, B. Bak, B. Chen, E. Lindgaard

VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites.

Abstract
- 0
- read