Documents published in 2021 : Scipedia

Origin and evolution of the News Finds Me perception: Review of theory and effects
H. Gil de Zúñiga, Z. Cheng

El profesional de la información (2021). Vol. 30, (3), 24

Abstract
Research revolving social media and democracy has exploded. For almost two decades, scholarship has offered new theories, revisited some old ones, and provided empirical evidence that helped cast a strong light on social media effects over people’s social life, and democracy at large. Thanks to social media, citizens consume news, express their political views, discuss political matters, and participate in political activities. However, social media also cultivates the dissemination of fake news and misinformation, exposure to hate speech, media fragmentation, and political polarization. In short, social media seems to simultaneously be a springboard for encouraging and undesirable outcomes that foster and challenge democracies alike. One of these phenomena that stems from social media news use is the News Finds Me perception (NFM), which takes place when individuals feel they do not have to actively seeks news any more to be well-informed about public affairs, as they expect to receive relevant news and information by relying on their peers in social media. This article traces back the origin of the theory, its evolution, and the set of effects found in the literature. It also presents guidelines for future research and potential challenges as the scholarship centering on NFM continues to grow.
Abstract
Research revolving social media and democracy has exploded. For almost two decades, scholarship has offered new theories, revisited some old ones, and provided empirical evidence [...]
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A response to Delgado-López-Cózar et al.: Impact factor: Many statements and few results. Letter
I. Aguillo

El profesional de la información (2021). Vol. 30, (3), 23

Abstract
This umpteenth statement, although doubtlessly brilliant, arrives late and badly, since it not only insists on a strategy that has not worked but also avoids building the consensus that is necessary in the Spanish-speaking bibliometric community, a community that may not be mustered in this way to the extent that it remains far from a unanimous position. There will be conflicting interests, academic debate, and various publications, but action must finally occur via powerful lobbies, direct interviews with those responsible, and alternative, practical approaches. This letter, beyond its correct evaluations, does not propose real or viable scenarios, and not even short- or medium-term transitions, much less strategies that would be sustainable over time.
Abstract
This umpteenth statement, although doubtlessly brilliant, arrives late and badly, since it not only insists on a strategy that has not worked but also avoids building the [...]
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Letter. New Google Scholar section with information on funded publications
B. Elango, L. Bornmann

El profesional de la información (2021). Vol. 30, (3), 22

Abstract
Recently, Google Scholar added a new section to the Google Scholar Author Profiles called “Public Access”, with information on funded (and unfunded) publications. This Letter to the editor discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the new section.
Abstract
Recently, Google Scholar added a new section to the Google Scholar Author Profiles called “Public Access”, with information on funded (and unfunded) publications. This [...]
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Lethe and aletheia: a study on cases of sexual harassment towards public library staff in Spain
P. Lázaro-Rodríguez

El profesional de la información (2021). Vol. 30, (3), 21

Abstract
The results of a study on cases of sexual harassment towards public library staff in Spain are presented, with three objectives: to determine through a survey the experiences of harassment according to its type and perpetrator, to assess whether there was institutional support, and to formulate proposals for the improvement and solution of this problem. The main results reveal the multiple situations of sexual harassment being committed mainly by users, but also by colleagues and superiors, that women suffered most from harassment, and that sufficient institutional support is not given for the prevention and/or correction of such cases. The bodies of public institutions responsible for the problem of harassment in the library field must present proposals to prevent and protect against harassment and thereby enable its prevention and eradication. Considering libraries also as places related to social, human, and cultural assets, it must be ensured that they are free from sexual harassment. Given that no previous works were identified on the subject analyzed, this can be considered the first study focusing on sexual harassment towards library personnel in Spain, thus providing a basis for future work on this topic.
Abstract
The results of a study on cases of sexual harassment towards public library staff in Spain are presented, with three objectives: to determine through a survey the experiences [...]
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Letter: A call for a radical change in research evaluation in Spain
E. Delgado-López-Cózar, I. Ràfols, E. Abadal

El profesional de la información (2021). Vol. 30, (3), 20

Abstract
This letter is a call to the Spanish scientific authorities to abandon current research evaluation policies, which are based on an excessive and indiscriminate use of bibliometric indicators for nearly all areas of scientific activity. This narrow evaluation focus is especially applied to assess the individual performance of researchers. To this end, we first describe the contexts in which the journal impact factor (JIF) and other bibliometric indicators are being used. We then consider the toxic effects of this abuse of indicators. Finally, we outline some significant transformations and initiatives being introduced in various academic fields and regions of the world. These international initiatives offer alternatives to bibliometrics that can improve evaluation processes, and we urge political leaders in Spain to adopt and develop them.
Abstract
This letter is a call to the Spanish scientific authorities to abandon current research evaluation policies, which are based on an excessive and indiscriminate use of bibliometric [...]
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RAC 1: keys to the success of a radio station
S. Espinosa-Mirabet, M. Gutiérrez, J. Martí-Martí

El profesional de la información (2021). Vol. 30, (3), 19

Abstract
The factors that have contributed to the position of RAC 1, a radio station belonging to the Godó Group, as the audience leader in Catalonia, despite being the most recent channel available, are defined and explained. This detailed analysis of audience data for Catalan broadcasting is a line of research carried out by the Observatori de la Ràdio a Catalunya. The last 10 years have seen an increase in the number of people who listen to radio only in Catalan, regardless of the language they typically use for communication. This phenomenon is unprecedented and requires an analysis beyond casual interpretations. According to EGM data, RAC 1 accounts for more than 40% of the daily share of talk radio (2019), placing it as the first preference for listeners in Catalonia. In addition, this radio station has become the fifth most important conventional radio station (837,000 listeners) in Spain, with many more listeners than stations that have national coverage. RAC 1 celebrated its 20th birthday on 1 May 2020. Its contents focuses on infotainment and has a successful image among the media. Addressing and describing the keys to the success of a radio station represents a new approach in the scholarly literature. This case study of RAC 1, which has been an audience leader for a decade, thus represents a pioneering approach. The methodology applied to determine the causes of this phenomenon includes an analysis of the positioning of the channel’s overall offering, its programming strategies, and its program content, based on reports from the Observatori de la Ràdio a Catalunya, the Institut de la Comunicació (InCOM) of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), and the Generalitat de Catalunya. The analysis is completed by in-depth interviews with the main stakeholders of the radio station.
Abstract
The factors that have contributed to the position of RAC 1, a radio station belonging to the Godó Group, as the audience leader in Catalonia, despite being the most recent [...]
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Use of 360º video by digital native media: exploratory analysis of the first steps in the Spanish journalistic landscape
S. Pérez-Seijo

El profesional de la información (2021). Vol. 30, (3), 18

Abstract
High technology has been one of the main assets used by the media around the world to stand out from the masses and reach an increasingly fragmented audience, including drone journalism, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality. In this regard, the mid-2010s saw a whole phase of experimentation that began with so-called immersive journalism, a new way of producing news content using virtual reality and 360° video, which introduced various novelties in the way stories are both told and consumed/watched. Among these, 360° real-image videos are the most common form, which can be partly explained by factors such as time and cost, although it is also possible to find completely computer-generated (CG) nonfiction experiences. Legacy media such as The New York Times, El País, or the BBC have been experimenting with the possibilities of this immersive storytelling, but what about digital native media? The aim of this paper is to explore the use of 360° video by Spanish digital native media in order to observe the degree of development of immersive storytelling, as well as the quality of the pieces available more than 5 years after the start of this phenomenon known as immersive journalism. For this purpose, a content analysis of 360° videos published during the period 2015-2019 by El español, eldiario.es, El independiente, and El HuffPost has been carried out. The study of these particular cases reveals the absence of a narrative strategy aligned with the immersive format; in general, these are simple videos that provide little added value compared with the conventional format. Furthermore, the results show that the history of immersive journalism by these cybermedia has been limited in terms of both volume and time, with little guarantee that it will continue into the future.
Abstract
High technology has been one of the main assets used by the media around the world to stand out from the masses and reach an increasingly fragmented audience, including drone [...]
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A complementary note to the article “Library and Information Science in Spain”: balance of 40 years of university studies”
J. López-Yepes

El profesional de la información (2021). Vol. 30, (3), 17

Abstract
En el último número de Profesional de la información (2021, v. 30, n. 2) los profesores Ernest Abadal, Candela Ollé y Alexandre López-Borrull firman un artículo con el título arriba referenciado de gran mérito. Es muy completo, alcanza conclusiones basadas en una amplia encuesta contestada por colegas protagonistas en cada una de las facetas seleccionadas y aporta una amplia bibliografía que refleja, en efecto, la evolución de nuestra disciplina tan solo en los últimos cuarenta años en España. En suma, el artículo constituye una muy notable aportación a la historia doctrinal de nuestros estudios en el período indicado. Por lo demás me consta que los autores son muy competentes, aunque solo he tratado personalmente al Dr. Abadal con quien mantengo una antigua amistad desde que fui nombrado para presidir el acto académico de presentación y defensa de su tesis doctoral en la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, tesis que obtuvo la máxima calificación y, más tarde, convertida en monografía publicada. Tan solo nos separa en ocasiones nuestro entusiasta apoyo a formaciones futbolísticas distintas y, habitualmente, grandes rivales. La presente nota viene motivada por lo que considero una afirmación absolutamente incompleta: “Los estudios universitarios de Biblioteconomía y Documentación (ByD) en España se empezaron a impartir en 1982…” (p. 1).
Abstract
En el último número de Profesional de la información (2021, v. 30, n. 2) los profesores Ernest Abadal, Candela Ollé y Alexandre López-Borrull firman un artículo [...]
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High-tech journalism: a sign of the digital era of the third millennium
X. López-García, Á. Vizoso

El profesional de la información (2021). Vol. 30, (3), 16

Abstract
High technology is driving most of the innovation and debates in journalism today. Artificial intelligence and journalism are walking hand in hand in the current phase, defined by processes of digitization. Studies on the state of the art of such technology in the media reveal a clear tendency towards the use of more sophisticated tools. Furthermore, this research highlights how journalists are increasingly using such approaches in challenging situations. This shift has thus led to more debate on the threats and opportunities of the introduction of such technologies into a communication ecosystem that is already in need of models that can produce high-quality information. This study thus describes the state of the art on the integration of high technology into daily routines in the media.
Abstract
High technology is driving most of the innovation and debates in journalism today. Artificial intelligence and journalism are walking hand in hand in the current phase, defined [...]
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Can Twitter give insights into international differences in Covid-19 vaccination? Eight countries’ English tweets to 21 March 2021
M. Thelwall

El profesional de la información (2021). Vol. 30, (3), 15

Abstract
Vaccination programs may help the world to reduce or eliminate Covid-19. Information about them may help countries to design theirs more effectively, with important benefits for public health. This article investigates whether it is possible to get insights into national vaccination programmes from a quick international comparison of public comments on Twitter. For this, word association thematic analysis (WATA) was applied to English-language vaccine-related tweets from eight countries gathered between 5 December 2020 and 21 March 2021. The method was able to quickly identify multiple international differences. Whilst some were irrelevant, potentially non-trivial differences include differing extents to which non-government scientific experts are important to national vaccination discussions. For example, Ireland seemed to be the only country in which university presidents were widely tweeted about in vaccine discussions. India’s vaccine kindness term #VaccineMaitri was another interesting difference, highlighting the need for international sharing.
Abstract
Vaccination programs may help the world to reduce or eliminate Covid-19. Information about them may help countries to design theirs more effectively, with important benefits [...]
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The application of artificial intelligence to journalism: an analysis of academic production
S. Parratt-Fernández, J. Mayoral-Sánchez, M. Mera-Fernández

El profesional de la información (2021). Vol. 30, (3), 14

Abstract
Journalism has been able to adapt quickly to technological innovation, especially in recent years. The application of algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI) to this discipline is a phenomenon that has developed rapidly in a very short time. This is therefore a research area that, in spite of its short life, deserves special interest. The objective of this review article is to map and analyze the global scientific production on this topic and to identify which countries are most focused on this issue, which areas are studied most and using which methodological approaches, how and where it is evolving, and the gaps present in this research. The review of 358 texts confirms the considerable attention from academia during the last decade, especially between 2015 and 2020, and that the USA is, by far, the country with most publications on this subject. Most of the published works are research articles carried out, above all, using qualitative methodologies. The areas that have attracted the most interest to date are data journalism, robot writing, and news verification. As is to be expected in a developing discipline, others such as the review of the role of the journalist, the personalization of content, or the incorporation of AI into teaching of journalism have not yet been sufficiently explored but surely will be in the near future.
Abstract
Journalism has been able to adapt quickly to technological innovation, especially in recent years. The application of algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI) to this discipline [...]
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Dialnet Metrics as a bibliometric evaluation tool: contributions to the analysis of the scientific activity in Social Sciences and Humanities
O. Gregorio-Chaviano, R. Repiso, A. Calderón-Rehecho, J. León-Marín, E. Jiménez-Contreras

El profesional de la información (2021). Vol. 30, (3), 13

Abstract
Within the current panorama of science evaluation, the limitations of citation indexes to study the social sciences and humanities have been the subject of wide debate. To resolve this situation, different products have been created for use in national contexts, since they cover certain aspects not contained in more international indices. An example is the In-RECS family, where an indicator such as the impact factor of Eugene Garfield is defined, but its contribution lies in the ability to evaluate research in Spain by obtaining citation indicators. This paper thus highlights the need to create new products for research evaluation in general, but particularly in the social sciences and humanities. The context in which different alternatives arise and are developed to evaluate existing journals is presented, along with Dialnet Metrics, a citation index developed by the Dialnet Foundation in collaboration with the EC3 Group and dozens of Spanish universities. Based on an analysis of the citations of source journals from different subject areas, Dialnet Metrics provides indicators to evaluate the research impact at different levels. This bibliometric product enables contextualized analysis at the micro (researchers), meso (journals), and macro (areas and universities) levels. Finally, the content, data volumes, and structure of this citation index are described quantitatively.
Abstract
Within the current panorama of science evaluation, the limitations of citation indexes to study the social sciences and humanities have been the subject of wide debate. To [...]
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Artificial intelligence applied to radio news: a case study of automatic segmentation of news items at RNE
V. Bazán-Gil, C. Pérez-Cernuda, N. Marroyo-Núñez, P. Sampedro-Canet, D. De-Ignacio-Ledesma

El profesional de la información (2021). Vol. 30, (3), 12

Abstract
The results of a project on news segmentation at Radio Nacional de España (RNE) carried out by the RTVE Technological Innovation and Media Management areas is presented. The aim of this project is to apply artificial intelligence to automatically transcribe and cut the news items that make up a radio news program. The main goals of this project are to increase the accessibility of the content and to allow its reusability on various platforms and social media. The project was planned in two phases, covering system configuration and service delivery. The minimum quality criteria required were defined in advance, both for automatic voice transcription and for news segmentation. For the speech-to-text process, the highest word error rate (WER) allowed was 10%, while the precision rate for the news segmentation was 85%. System performance in both transcription and segmentation was considered to be sufficient, although a higher degree of accuracy in news cutting is expected in the coming months. The results show that, despite using these quite mature technologies, adjustment and learning processes and human intervention are still necessary.
Abstract
The results of a project on news segmentation at Radio Nacional de España (RNE) carried out by the RTVE Technological Innovation and Media Management areas is presented. [...]
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Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on advertising: Spain as a laboratory for communication trends during a crisis
P. Corredor-Lanas, J. Marcos-Recio, F. Montañés-García

El profesional de la información (2021). Vol. 30, (3), 11

Abstract
The economic crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has severely affected the advertising industry worldwide, but the Spanish case can be seen as a particularly privileged laboratory for such observations as a result of the collapse of investments and their redistribution to other time periods, economic sectors, or communication channels. The aim of this research is, firstly, to estimate the impact of the crisis on advertising investment, and secondly to analyze its consequences for the media system and new consumption dynamics. We carry out a comparative analysis of secondary data from national and international sources which enjoy broad business and social consensus, covering the period of the first wave of the pandemic in Spain (March-September 2020). The results enable the identification of the ongoing transformations and an outline of new scenarios for the advertising industry and media business. These scenarios are still under construction and feature a predominance of digital media and the Internet, but also a conjunction with television and its new formats and audiences. Among the most relevant findings of this research, we observed unexpected contradictions in advertising behavior. These include the first breakdown of advertising seasonality since measurement data exist in Spain, and a paradoxical, sharp rise in media use in conjunction with the collapse of advertising expenditure. Drawing on international and Spanish data accepted by a majority of social and business sectors, the analysis also makes it possible to identify the inter-relations between the economy and advertising, such as the sharp drop in investment in the sectors most affected by the lockdown measures, or in contrast, the paradoxes and contradictions in advertising, such as the distortions between investments, which were in freefall, while media consumption rose steeply during the crisis. However, this preliminary study calls for more intensive research on the future relationship between advertising and the economy. That is because earlier studies on advertising and economic crises cannot be directly extrapolated to a health crisis and its impact, either in terms of relevant circumstances or regarding the pace and timeframe of its recovery. And because dominant economic policies have moved from focusing on austerity (crisis of the 1990s, major crisis in 2008) to a dominant consensus over the potential and the positive effects of public spending.
Abstract
The economic crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has severely affected the advertising industry worldwide, but the Spanish case can be seen as a particularly privileged [...]
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A survey on the structure, organization, and functions of medical information departments in the pharmaceutical industry in Spain
Á. Flores, S. Balmy, E. Guardiola, N. Escudero, M. Hernández, E. Molina, P. Ortega, M. Rojo

El profesional de la información (2021). Vol. 30, (3), 10

Abstract
The medical information (MI) function within the pharmaceutical industry plays a significant role in the provision of scientific answers for patients and healthcare professionals. The purpose of this study is to identify the current structure, organization, and functions of MI departments in Spain. Sixty local and international pharmaceutical companies based in Spain were invited to participate in this study between May and July 2019. An online 34–item questionnaire developed by the AMIFE MI Working Group was distributed to the companies. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics using response frequencies. A total of 44 responses from 60 surveys (73%) were received. More than half of the respondents were employed in international companies based in Europe (57%, n = 25). Seventy-one percent (n = 31) of the companies had 100 to 1,000 employees in Spain. Most respondents declared that they had an MI department in their company (73%, n = 32), with most (53%) having two to five employees working on MI. Most MI (n = 50) specialists had a biomedical academic degree (predominantly pharmacy, biology, and medicine). MI departments were involved in many functions, the most common being answering enquiries (100%), handling drug information requests (97%), preparing written responses (94%), and literature services for external use (77%). The mean annual volume of MI enquiries was 2,301 (median 1,100). The results of this survey contribute to a better understanding of MI departments in Spanish pharmaceutical companies, as well as their functions and responsibilities, and could help identify opportunities and areas for improvement.
Abstract
The medical information (MI) function within the pharmaceutical industry plays a significant role in the provision of scientific answers for patients and healthcare professionals. [...]
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Innovation in journalism educational programmes at university. A systematic review of educational experiences at Spanish universities
M. García-Galera, M. Martínez-Nicolás, M. Del-Hoyo-Hurtado

El profesional de la información (2021). Vol. 30, (3), 9

Abstract
The journalism being taught at universities in Spain is undergoing intensive changes as a result of the dual pressure exerted by the impact of digitisation in two specific aspects. The first is the journalistic system itself (business models, professional routines, information consumption, etc.). The second aspect involves the teaching guidelines established as a result of the implementation of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). Focusing on the latter issue, the current debate regarding the orientation of journalistic education is calling for this aspect not to be relegated or limited to training in technical skills, which are constantly being renewed by technological developments of the digital environment. On the contrary, journalism education must also take into account other skills that foster the achievement of critical thinking, which is fundamental for the exercise of the journalistic profession. However, in the face of an increasingly digitised, competitive labour market, journalism studies and their training programmes also have a duty to provide the skills and competencies demanded by this market. In this paper, we have conducted a systematic review of some of the experiences of innovative teaching that have been successfully carried out in Journalism degrees taught in Spain for this purpose (service-learning, project-based learning, content curation, and edublogs, among others). These experiences reflect the involvement of university professors in providing comprehensive education for future journalists, with a strong emphasis on the intensive use of the digital resources currently available.
Abstract
The journalism being taught at universities in Spain is undergoing intensive changes as a result of the dual pressure exerted by the impact of digitisation in two specific [...]
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Blockchain regimes for the practice of journalism: innovation between trial and error
J. Callejo-Gallego

El profesional de la información (2021). Vol. 30, (3), 8

Abstract
Blockchain technology was born with the bitcoin cryptocurrency and has been seen as a revolutionary technology since it became possible to design smart contracts and tokens based on it. It has been possible to export this innovation to the most diverse fields, including the culture and entertainment industry and media. However, and after six years of developing different models to incorporate blockchain into journalism, an integrated model to act as a reference in this field is still lacking. After analyzing and grouping the wide potential of blockchain in journalism into so-called regimes, this work points out both promising and failed projects in each of the three regimes proposed, viz. registration, economic, and organizational. It is concluded that, despite the very interesting developments regarding the registration regime and intellectual property protection, on the one hand, and economic regime and tokenization, on the other, the inherent decentralized configuration of blockchain currently represents a large obstacle to the construction of an integrated model for its use in journalism.
Abstract
Blockchain technology was born with the bitcoin cryptocurrency and has been seen as a revolutionary technology since it became possible to design smart contracts and tokens [...]
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Visibility of information literacy services of Spanish academic libraries according to their websites: design and validation of a self-assessment tool
M. Pinto, F. García-Marco, A. Uribe-Tirado, P. Martínez-Osorio

El profesional de la información (2021). Vol. 30, (3), 7

Abstract
A new evaluation and self-evaluation tool designed to measure the degree of visibility of the information literacy (infolit) services of Spanish academic libraries according to their websites is presented, together with the results of its application between October 2019 and February 2020. Building on the state of the art established by international organizations and the most prominent scholars in the field, the Metrics for Library Information Literacy (MeLIL) questionnaire also incorporates emerging problems in contemporary information literacy such as mobile learning, fake news, data literacy, transparency, and open science, among others. MeLIL is made up of six criteria and 38 indicators. After a pilot project with eight libraries to validate the questionnaire, the content of the websites on information literacy programs of the 78 Spanish academic libraries was analyzed. The results confirm the validity and transferability of the instrument to measure the level of development of infolit in Spanish academic libraries according to their websites. Furthermore, the progress made in the training and infolit services offered by Spanish academic libraries is systematically described.
Abstract
A new evaluation and self-evaluation tool designed to measure the degree of visibility of the information literacy (infolit) services of Spanish academic libraries according [...]
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Communication policies for innovation financed with public funds in Spain: the experts’ view
M. Vilaplana-Aparicio, M. Martín-Llaguno, M. Iglesias-García

El profesional de la información (2021). Vol. 30, (3), 6

Abstract
Companies that receive public funds for research and development and technological innovation (R&D&I) projects must comply with certain communication obligations in accordance with relevant Spanish and European laws. The aim of this work is to assess these requirements (including their advantages and limitations) based on the opinion of experts in the field. Interviews were conducted with R&D&I managers in national and regional agencies; innovation, transparency, and scientific dissemination specialists; and company directors. The results confirm the value of communicating innovation, in accordance with the current trends of innovation dissemination and the principles of transparency. Experts consider that the required communication requirements are insufficient and that their means and formats must be adapted to enhance the dissemination of innovation and improve transparency by promoting accessible content in a unified repository. They propose the measurement and assessment of the social impact of subsidized projects, as well as the possibility of subsidizing communication actions, as in European projects. Moreover, there is an urgent need to standardize the communication obligations of all proposals.
Abstract
Companies that receive public funds for research and development and technological innovation (R&D&I) projects must comply with certain communication obligations in accordance [...]
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The strategic value of corporate social responsibility CSR: the present and future of its management
E. Barrio-Fraile, A. Enrique-Jiménez

El profesional de la información (2021). Vol. 30, (3), 5

Abstract
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become the central theme of many debates on the role of organizations in society in recent years. The voluntary incorporation of strategies that influence economic profitability and in turn social and environmental issues is already a reality in companies. This article has several aims: (1) to analyse whether CSR is strategic and cross-cutting for companies and whether there exists a true dialogue between companies and stakeholders; (2) to identify the functions, relationships and quality of CSR or sustainability directors; (3) to determine the main challenges for the future; (4) to reflect on the impact that Covid-19 has had on the development of CSR in businesses. The study was based on the Delphi method and employed a sample of 20 experts: 10 academics (lecturers and researchers) and 10 professionals (communication and CSR directors, and CSR and reputation consultants). The results reveal that: (1) with the exception of SMEs, CSR management in companies is strategic and cross-cutting; (2) there is no reciprocal dialogue between companies and stakeholders; (3) the functions carried out by CSR directors can be classified as analytical, strategic, tactical and communicative; (4) the most outstanding qualities of the CSR director are communication skills, deep knowledge of the company and a willingness to work as part of a team; (5) the main challenge for senior management for the future is to be more strategic; (6) Covid-19 has changed the focus in CSR areas of action and in the prioritization of stakeholders. In short, we conclude that CSR management is well rooted in companies and represents a true transformation for businesses as social entities.
Abstract
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become the central theme of many debates on the role of organizations in society in recent years. The voluntary incorporation of [...]
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The effects of infotainment on public reaction to North Korea using hybrid text mining: Content analysis, machine learning-based sentiment analysis, and co-word analysis
S. Park, L. Bier, H. Park

El profesional de la información (2021). Vol. 30, (3), 4

Abstract
This study proposes alternative measures of infotainment’s effects on audience perception and reception of news on social media, focusing on infotainment coverage of North Korea. We determine the elements of framing strategies and narrative styles in facilitating public attention, positive and negative responses, and engagement in news content. We used the YouTube application programming interface to collect data from VideoMug, Korea’s most popular YouTube channel, run by the Seoul Broadcasting System. We examined 23,774 replies commenting on North Korea-related video clips from July 1, 2018, to May 17, 2019. The findings show that entertainment and human interest frames were effective in drawing public attention to news coverage about North Korea. Using humor and colloquial language facilitated public attention (both positive and negative) and public engagement. Over half (59.55%) of the comments generated positive emotions; less than one-third generated negative emotions (31.41%); and a few generated neutral ones (9.03%). The infotainment approach helped make South Koreans’ attitudes toward North Korea and inter-Korean relations more positive. A small number of users who served as top authorities were extremely partisan and conducted intense debates about infotainment practices. This study’s hybrid analytical framework using computerized text mining techniques offers both theoretical and methodological insights into the function of infotainment in the context of social media.
Abstract
This study proposes alternative measures of infotainment’s effects on audience perception and reception of news on social media, focusing on infotainment coverage of North [...]
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Coauthorship networks in Spanish and Latin American Communication research (2000-2019): Internal cohesion and transcontinental isolation
F. Segado-Boj, J. Prieto-Gutiérrez, J. Díaz-Campo

El profesional de la información (2021). Vol. 30, (3), 3

Abstract
This paper studies the social structure of Spanish and Latin American communication researchers through the representation and analysis of three coauthorship networks at the national, institutional, and individual level. Such networks are built from papers indexed in the ‘Communication’ category by Web of Science and published between 2000 and 2019 by authors attached to a Spanish or Latin American institution (n = 5,040). The goal is to characterize the structural features of each network, identify the most central actors, and illustrate the most relevant relationships among nodes. The results show that the most central country is Spain, followed by the USA and other European nations. Among the Latin American states, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico are placed at the most relevant nodes. Latin American collaboration is preferentially addressed to the USA, especially since 2015. Regarding institutions, Spanish public universities in Madrid and Catalonia achieve the highest degrees of centrality. However, the most central Latin American institutions are private universities. The most relevant authors are Spanish researchers until 2015, when they are replaced at the top by Latin American scholars. Collaboration at both the individual and institutional levels shows a deep regional tendency, while the internationalization of researchers and universities is only more visible since 2015. This work identifies a tendency towards internal cohesion at different network levels as the number of connected nodes grows in each period. We conclude that a proper Spanish-Latin America community of communication researchers does not exist.
Abstract
This paper studies the social structure of Spanish and Latin American communication researchers through the representation and analysis of three coauthorship networks at the [...]
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Citizen news content creation: Perceptions about professional journalists and the additive double moderating role of social and traditional media
M. Goyanes, H. Gil de Zúñiga

El profesional de la información (2021). Vol. 30, (1), 2

Abstract
Since the emergence and growing popularity of digital technologies and social media platforms, the relationship between professional and citizen journalism has been challenging. In recent years, however, this critical relationship has de-escalated due to a growing collaboration in shaping a complemental news repertoire. This study examines how social and traditional news use and users’ perceptions on professional journalism affect citizens’ news content creation. Based on survey data from Spain, we first find that social media use for news and users’ positive perceptions on professional journalism predict citizens’ news production behavior. Second, social media use for news and traditional media consumption are explored as additive moderators over the relationship of users’ perceptions on professional journalism on citizens’ news content creation, showing a positive significant effect. This study contributes to current conversations on the potential symbiotic association between professional and citizens journalism, arguing that citizens’ perceptual appraisals on professional journalism are key in fostering public’s participation through news content creation.
Abstract
Since the emergence and growing popularity of digital technologies and social media platforms, the relationship between professional and citizen journalism has been challenging. [...]
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Architectures of Energy Harvesting Systems
F. Salazar, M. Núñez, J. Cuji, C. Gordón

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2021). Vol. 12, (4), 25

Abstract
This article develops the literary review of the architectures of energy harvesting systems, identifying parameters such as: frequency, type of antenna, architecture (elements), among others. The methodology has four stages: a) Search for documentation, 10 systems were obtained, which were designated with the letter "S" accompanied by the article number; b) Reading of scientific documents; c) Extraction of information and architecture of the systems, where the stages of each system are detailed (which vary from 2 to 4), the working frequencies (300 KHz to 3.43 GHz, 2.45 GHz being the most used in systems for collecting radio frequency energy). In addition to using in certain systems, multiplier and rectifier circuits in different configurations: half wave, full wave; to later be stored in batteries or directly applied to devices; d) Documentation of the information extracted. Finally, after completing the literary review, it was observed that, in most articles, the systems have 3 stages: antenna, coupling, and rectification that transforms the received energy (alternating current) into direct current, their operation varies in frequency intervals of 1.8 to 2.4 GHz depending on the configuration of each system. Likewise, the product obtained is a consultation APP, with a selection menu of the different architectures investigated, which is a very beneficial contribution for researchers who wish to work in this area.
Abstract
This article develops the literary review of the architectures of energy harvesting systems, identifying parameters such as: frequency, type of antenna, architecture (elements), [...]
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Convolutional Neural Network for Spatial Perception of InMoov Robot Through Stereoscopic Vision as an Assistive Technology
J. Cortes Zarta, Y. Giraldo Tique, C. Vergara Ramirez

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2021). Vol. 12, (4), 24

Abstract
In the development of assistive robots, a major challenge is to improve the spatial perception of robots for object identification in various scenarios. For this purpose, it is necessary to develop tools for analysis and processing of artificial stereo vision data. For this reason, this paper describes a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm implemented on a Raspberry Pi 3, placed on the head of a replica of the open-source humanoid robot InMoov, to estimate the X, Y, Z position of an object within a controlled environment. This paper explains the construction of the InMoov robot head, the application of Transfer Learning to detect and segment an object within a controlled environment, the development of the CNN architecture, and, finally, the assignment and evaluation of training parameters. As a result, an estimated average error of 27 mm in the X coordinate, 21 mm in the Y coordinate, and 4 mm in the Z coordinate was obtained; data of great impact and necessary when using these coordinates in a robotic arm to reach and grab the object, a topic that remains pending for future work.
Abstract
In the development of assistive robots, a major challenge is to improve the spatial perception of robots for object identification in various scenarios. For this purpose, [...]
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Simulation of an active indirect hybrid dehydrator using ANSYS software
J. Cabrera Escobar, F. Jurado, D. Vera

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2021). Vol. 12, (4), 23

Abstract
This research simulated the behavior of an active indirect hybrid dehydrator with the atmospheric conditions of the city of Riobamba because there is a need to dehydrate fruits and vegetables that in times of overproduction do not reach the market. Develops a methodology that allows a good approximation of the solution. It starts with the design of the dehydrator prototype and then undergoes a meshing process, once a good quality mesh is obtained, the physical models that are going to be used in the simulation are selected, then the physical properties and conditions are entered. of contour that corresponds to the climatic conditions of the city of Riobamba, for its later simulation; After simulating the prototype, it is verified that the curve of physical variables to be calculated has stabilized and the residual curves are below the set value. If it complies with these two steps, it can be determined that the simulation is correct. For the validation of the results obtained in the simulation, data from a similar investigation are used. It is necessary to carry out the simulation to be able to determine if the designed dehydrator can work in the optimal range of temperatures for dehydration.
Abstract
This research simulated the behavior of an active indirect hybrid dehydrator with the atmospheric conditions of the city of Riobamba because there is a need to dehydrate fruits [...]
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Advanced Oxidation as an Alternative Treatment for Wastewater. A Review
M. López Ramírez, O. Castellanos Onorio, F. Lango Reynoso, M. Castañeda Chávez, J. Montoya Mendoza, C. Sosa Villalobos, B. Ortíz Muñiz

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2021). Vol. 12, (4), 22

Abstract
Every year millions of cubic meters of wastewater are discharged into water bodies, which are treated in an inadequate way, these procedures being inefficient to achieve what is required by law or for use within industrial processes. In these cases, and due to the scarcity of water, the use of advanced oxidation processes is being used as an alternative treatment, which are based on physicochemical processes capable of producing profound changes in the chemical structure of pollutants, involving the generation and the use of transitory species with great oxidizing power, mainly the hydroxyl radical, which can be generated by photochemical means or by other forms of energy, and is highly effective in the oxidation of organic matter. This review aims to perform an analysis of the influence of treatments on the decontamination process.
Abstract
Every year millions of cubic meters of wastewater are discharged into water bodies, which are treated in an inadequate way, these procedures being inefficient to achieve what [...]
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Nutritional energy in pos COVID-19 time in Peru
L. Velásquez-Quispe, C. Ortiz-Meza, U. Calizaya-Mamani, A. Zapana-Calderón, G. Chire-Fajardo

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2021). Vol. 12, (4), 21

Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic is a disease that affects everyone. The Peruvian government has promoted the use of physical barriers; however, the immune system is an important defense against the virus that has not yet been motivated. The objectives were: to know the COVID-19 disease and its behavior; to know the nutritional diet of the population; to define the population at risk and to make food proposals in time of pandemic in Peru. For this, we used the information sources of scientists and science institutions. The results were: the main characteristics of the disease and its effect on the population at different ages and risk groups; described the feeding in six different regions of Peru, showing high simple carbohydrate intake and unbalanced nutritional energy, identified the nutrients of the biodiversity resources; defined the population with the risk; presented a diet for patients at home, those in critical condition and those who passed the disease; as well as general recommendations to the population that includes a comprehensive energy to achieve a healthy life. Culminates highlighting the importance of the role of the Peruvian State to promote a healthy life for the population.
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic is a disease that affects everyone. The Peruvian government has promoted the use of physical barriers; however, the immune system is an important [...]
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Linkage scenarios of relational databases and ontologies: a systematic mapping
Y. Lopez Rodriguez, Y. Hidalgo Delgado, N. Silega Martinez

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2021). Vol. 12, (4), 20

Abstract
Relational databases are one of the most used data sources. However, as a storage source, they present a group of shortcomings. It is complex to store semantic knowledge in relational databases. To solve the deficiencies in knowledge representation of relational databases, one trend has been to use ontologies. Ontologies possess a richer semantic and are closer to the end user vocabulary than relational database schemas. The objective of the present research was to carry out a systematic mapping about the scenarios where relational databases and ontologies are linked to provide a better integration, query, and visualization of stored data. The mapping was carried out by applying a methodological proposal established in the literature. As outcomes of the research, it was detected that the mapping of relational databases to ontologies and the ontologies usage for the integration of heterogeneous data sources were the most common scenarios. Likewise, trends and challenges were identified in each scenario, which might deserve further research efforts in the future.
Abstract
Relational databases are one of the most used data sources. However, as a storage source, they present a group of shortcomings. It is complex to store semantic knowledge in [...]
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Removal of Heavy Metals (Cr+6, Ni, Zn) from Leachates of the Sanitary Landfill of the City of Veracruz, Mexico with Reactive Permeable Silica Sand Barriers
M. Susunaga Miranda, B. Estévez Garrido, B. Ortíz Muñiz, R. Susunaga Estévez

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2021). Vol. 12, (3), 19

Abstract
The use of Permeable Reactive Barriers as a material for the removal of heavy metals from the leachates of the Sanitary Landfills has been verified for various materials, the Silica Sand from the coasts of the municipality of Alvarado Veracruz in Mexico have the characteristics of size and composition Required to be used for this purpose, samples of leachate were collected from the Sanitary Landfill of the City of Veracruz and the concentrations of Ni, Cr+6 and Zn were determined were respectively 0.0818, 0.186 and 0.224 mg/l, three columns were built of acrylic and were filled with 20, 30 and 40 cm of washed and dried Silica Sand, treated and stabilized leachate was passed through the porous medium at a flow of 1.7 ml/s, taking samples at 40.75, 115 , 165 and 235 seconds for each column and the efficiency for the removal of these heavy metals was measured and a significant reduction of these pollutants was found, ranging from 76 to 93%. for Nickel, from 44 to 81 % in the case of hexavalent Chromium and from 65 to 92% for Zinc for a maximum time of 235 seconds, which indicates that this material can be used in the remediation of leachate.
Abstract
The use of Permeable Reactive Barriers as a material for the removal of heavy metals from the leachates of the Sanitary Landfills has been verified for various materials, [...]
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Efficiency in the removal of organic matter by wormfilters (Eisenia foetida) in domestic wastewater for rural areas
J. Castillo Sánchez, J. Chimbo Solórzano

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2021). Vol. 12, (2), 18

Abstract
Inadequate management of domestic wastewater in rural areas, the discharge of which to water bodies without prior treatment, is a major problem of environmental pollution, as well as a risk to public health. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficiency in the removal of organic matter by lombrifilters in domestic wastewater in a rural area. Under experimental conditions, the wormfilter was designed using as a theoretical basis the Tohá treatment system, created by Dr. José Tohá, which consisted of four strata: sawdaught + Eisenia foetida, activated charcoal, gravel and river stones. The concentration of organic matter of the tributary was evaluated obtaining high concentrations of BOD5, COD, TSS and TS. T1 achieved the highest efficiency percentages with a volumetric flow of 1.8×10-2 l/s and TRH of 0.92 h obtaining 52.25 % for BOD5 and COD, 66.74 % TSS and 52.91 % TS. In this way, it was determined that the implementation of wormfilters based on Eisenia foetida for the removal of organic matter, represents an ecological and innovative treatment system that requires a low investment, is efficient and friendly to the environment.
Abstract
Inadequate management of domestic wastewater in rural areas, the discharge of which to water bodies without prior treatment, is a major problem of environmental pollution, [...]
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Dimensional analysis applied to jacketed shell and tube heat exchangers modeling
A. Sánchez-Escalona, Y. Camaraza-Medina, Y. Retirado-Mediaceja, E. Góngora-Leyva, M. Vega-Almaguer

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2021). Vol. 12, (3), 17

Abstract
Dimensional analysis was utilized on this research to establish a shortcut model for predicting hydrogen sulphide gas discharge temperature in jacketed shell and tube heat exchangers. Since the equipment belongs to an online industrial facility, the passive experimental method was applied. Selection of the heat transfer process parameters was followed by application of the Buckingham Pi-theorem and the repeating-variables technique. After formulation of the dimensionless groups, approximation of the explicit model equation was carried out through a least-squares multivariate linear regression. The model predictive ability performance was appraised by comparing predictions versus measured discharge temperatures, hence attaining a Pearson correlation of 97.5 %, a mean absolute error of 2.1 K, and 1.7 % maximum deviations. The explicit equation that was obtained is pertinent to studied heat exchangers, when 0.55 ≤ ṁ1 ≤ 0.60, 1.06 ≤ ṁ2 ≤ 1.09, and 0.22 ≤ ṁ3 ≤ 0.24 (fluids flowrate, kg/s). It can be used as an alternative calculation method for quick anticipation of the equipment performance, which overcomes computation of the overall heat transfer coefficients.
Abstract
Dimensional analysis was utilized on this research to establish a shortcut model for predicting hydrogen sulphide gas discharge temperature in jacketed shell and tube heat [...]
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Gelled emulsions enriched with chickpea flour as a potential substitute for animal fat
M. Britez, F. Rolhaiser, C. Fernández, R. Fogar, M. Romero

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2021). Vol. 12, (3), 16

Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop gelled oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions, formulated with flax oil and chickpea flour with adequate structural and technological properties to be used as substitutes for animal fat. For this, two formulations were made, one without antioxidant and the other with the most widely used synthetic antioxidant in the industry. The chickpea flour and gelatin were hydrated for 3 hours with stirring at 3000 r. p. m., then they were heated for 30 minutes at 90 °C, cooled to 30 °C and processed again at 3000 r. p. m. for 30 seconds, while the oil phase was slowly incorporated with the emulsifying agent. The mixtures were placed in containers, allowed to stabilize at 25 °C for 30 minutes and then refrigerated for 24 hours. The syneresis, thermal stability, lipid oxidation, and infrared spectra of the samples were determined. Some significant differences can be observed for lipid oxidation (p 0.05), with emulsions showing great water and fat retention capacity. This can be attributed to the protein structure resulting from heating the emulsion to cause gelation. The gelled emulsions obtained have adequate structural and technological properties, with lipid oxidation values under limit of detection of 1.59 mg MDA / kg sample. Given the characteristics of the emulsion obtained, a new field of application of technological strategies opens up to obtain animal fat substitutes as a healthy fat ingredient in meat products.
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop gelled oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions, formulated with flax oil and chickpea flour with adequate structural and technological properties [...]
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Policies based on ISO 27001: 2013 and its influence on information security management in municipalities of Peru
S. Bustamante García, M. Valles Coral, I. Cuellar Rodríguez, D. Lévano Rodríguez

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2021). Vol. 12, (2), 15

Abstract
Information security management within an organization must be a well-defined process, as it involves a huge effort from users, area managers and other servers to know how to respond to suspicious events and how to manage identified vulnerabilities. The objective of this research was to improve information security management in a Peruvian district municipality, through the implementation of a policy model under ISO 27001: 2013. For this, a preexperimental investigation was carried out with a sample of 30 workers, to whom a questionnaire was applied to measure the degree of satisfaction with the implanted model. On average, more than 90 % of those surveyed recognized improvements in the municipality, marking a great difference between the pre and postest, from 49 % to 96 %. It is concluded that the security policy model, based on three fundamental pillars: confidentiality, integrity, and availability, improved information security management, guaranteeing adequate data protection.
Abstract
Information security management within an organization must be a well-defined process, as it involves a huge effort from users, area managers and other servers to know how [...]
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Viability of micro electrical networks with high penetration of renewable resources in urban areas: Case study of residential condominiums
D. Trujillo Sandoval, F. Mosquera Velásquez, E. GARCIA TORRES

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2021). Vol. 12, (2), 14

Abstract
This study addresses the implementation of electrical micro-grids in urban areas as a response to the need for the insertion of renewable energies in different societies. In a first phase, the energy consumption profile of a condominium with a residential, commercial type load is characterized. and community, addressing the construction of said profile by lifting real loads and statistical criteria of use and coincidence. In the second phase, the natural resources, wind speed and solar radiation available in the study area are analyzed through the specialized software Homer Pro with latitude and longitude coordinates, subsequently the viability of the renewable electricity generation elements is analyzed and defined use, a possible generator set and its use of fuel are also proposed in order to complement the micro-grid in aspects of inertia and stability. With the energy demand and generation resources raised, architectural alternatives of a potential micro-network for the condominium are designed, simulations are carried out for isolated and interconnected cases with real values of the environment and an economic analysis of the implementation, obtaining the viability of the micro network.
Abstract
This study addresses the implementation of electrical micro-grids in urban areas as a response to the need for the insertion of renewable energies in different societies. [...]
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Speed profile prediction model of rural roads in flat terrain in Costa Rica
D. Delgado Martínez, L. Medina García, J. Ulate Zárate, R. García Depestre

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2021). Vol. 12, (2), 13

Abstract
For some time, a commonly used engineering practice has been to evaluate the influence of the geometric design of roads on road safety by analyzing geometric design consistency. When evaluating geometric design consistency, it is necessary to know the operating speed profiles of the road to be analyzed. To this end, a variety of models of operating speed profiles are used, which are designed for the specific conditions of a particular region or country. For any analysis of highway geometric design, it is important to have information related to the horizontal and vertical layout of the project, as well as to the operating speed of vehicles. However, one limitation, which is often a source of error, is determining the operating speed of the vehicles. The aim of this paper is to develop models for predicting vehicle operating speed in Costa Rica by considering the characteristics of the road geometric design and of the existing vehicles. The procedure followed in the model included a series of steps, including from the analysis of the roads in the region to the development of models for predicting the speed profiles, as well as its validation. For the first time, different models are proposed for rural national routes in flat terrain in Costa Rica. The study demonstrates that the proposed equations provide for lower estimations errors, if compared to international models.
Abstract
For some time, a commonly used engineering practice has been to evaluate the influence of the geometric design of roads on road safety by analyzing geometric design consistency. [...]
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Comparison of descriptive sensory methods: flash profile and CATA questions to characterize muña infusions (Minthostachys mollis)
R. Silva Paz, G. Pichiuza Gonzales, A. Eccoña Sota

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2021). Vol. 12, (3), 12

Abstract
This study compares two descriptive methods based on consumers' perceptions of the sensory profile of Andean Mint (Muña) herbal teas. Participants evaluated five Andean Mint beverages using flash profile (FP) methodology (n=20) and Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) questions (n=105). For data analysis, generalized procruster analysis (GPA) was used for the PF and the Cochran Q test with correspondence analysis for the CATA questions. In addition, the RV coefficient was used to compare the sensory maps generated by both methods, using the R software and XLSTAT-test version. The results of the flash profile and CATA questions showed the formation of four groups, the first group consisting of samples D and E; the second, third and fourth groups, A, B and C, respectively. The RV coefficient was 0.94, indicating a very high similarity between both methods. These results demonstrate a high accuracy and reproducibility of sensory information obtained by consumers applying descriptive sensory methods in foods. Flash profiling is slower and more labor-intensive, making it suitable for exploratory studies with a smaller number of consumers, while CATA questions are faster and less labor-intensive, making it suitable for studies with a larger group of consumers.
Abstract
This study compares two descriptive methods based on consumers' perceptions of the sensory profile of Andean Mint (Muña) herbal teas. Participants evaluated five Andean Mint [...]
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Evaluation of different empirical formulas for calculating the concentration time in the urban basin of the Belico and Cubanicay rivers, city of Santa Clara
C. Castillo García, D. Abreu Franco, M. Álvarez González

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2021). Vol. 12, (3), 11

Abstract
The concentration time is an essential parameter for the use of the rain-runoff models that obtain the maximum runoff expense at a point in a basin. There are various empirical formulas for its estimation worldwide, despite this, there is no general rule when choosing the appropriate one. In the present work, formulas used in the calculation of this parameter were compared from the urban basin of the Bélico river in the city of Santa Clara with the closing point in the city's North Ring Road. A balance was made of the results obtained and criteria were issued about the advantages and disadvantages of the methods described. A threshold of the maximum and minimum values of each empirical formula used was proposed, which allowed future considerations in projects to rectify the urban riverbed and its associated urban stormwater drainage.
Abstract
The concentration time is an essential parameter for the use of the rain-runoff models that obtain the maximum runoff expense at a point in a basin. There are various empirical [...]
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Determination of lead levels in blood in workers of battery factories located in Guayaquil-Ecuador
K. Rivera, B. Pernía

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2021). Vol. 12, (2), 10

Abstract
Lead is one of the most toxic heavy metals and its occupational exposure can generate plumbemia. For this reason, the objective of this investigation was to generate a baseline of lead concentrations in the blood of a group of battery factory workers in Guayaquil-Ecuador and of a control group not exposed to the metal at work, to establish the existence of occupational risk between sexes, ages, and jobs positions. For this, blood samples were taken from the workers and the control group. The samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry with a graphite furnace. 100 % of the workers presented Pb in an average concentration of 16.22 ± 6.82 µg / dL higher than the World Health Organization value, but lower than the limit established by Occupational Health and Safety Assessment of 40 µg / dL, also, the value was higher than of the control group (0.68 ± 0.15 µg / dL). Men presented higher levels of Pb than women and these values varied depending on the job in the factory. In conclusion, 4.55 % of the workers did not present a risk of lead poisoning, 13.64 % low risk, 78.79 % medium risk, and only 3.00 % high risk.
Abstract
Lead is one of the most toxic heavy metals and its occupational exposure can generate plumbemia. For this reason, the objective of this investigation was to generate a baseline [...]
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Experimental tests and numerical analysis of the structure of the alternative composite material for the repair of flight surfaces in aircraft
C. Arroba Arroba, M. Telenchana Flores, J. Paredes Salinas, S. Fiallo Ortega, H. Vaca Ortega

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2021). Vol. 12, (2), 9

Abstract
Nowadays, polymeric matrix composite materials are used in multiple applications. One of the important areas of application is in the aeronautical sector, due to the relatively low density of the combined materials; these compounds have good mechanical properties, comparable to metallic materials, but providing additional benefits. The objective of this work is to carry out the experimental tests and the numerical analysis of the structure of the alternative composite material to be used to repair of the flight surfaces of CIDFAE aircraft. A widely extended vacuum bagging process was used to obtain a more homogeneous compound, thus reducing defects in processing, better controlling the fiber fraction and the overall thickness of the compound. Specimens of epoxy resin reinforced with layers of flat fabric of three different fibers of: carbon, glass and aramid, in different orientations, were made, which were tested for traction, bending and impact to determine their mechanical properties. It has been shown that the results obtained by analytical methodology and the finite element method are approximate to the results obtained with destructive tests. The experimental results show that the tensile strength values are higher in epoxy resin materials reinforced with 4 layers of carbon fiber in orientation 0 ° -90 °.
Abstract
Nowadays, polymeric matrix composite materials are used in multiple applications. One of the important areas of application is in the aeronautical sector, due to the relatively [...]
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Autoconfiguration with Global Addresses Using IEEE 802.15.4 Standard in Multi-hop Networks
C. Egas Acosta, D. Cali, C. Espinosa

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2021). Vol. 12, (1), 8

Abstract
Wireless sensor networks continue to attract a lot of attention from academia and industry promoting large-scale deployments in applications related to the Internet of Things (IoT). Unfortunately, a network containing a large number of sensor nodes also leads to difficulty in the configuring process and assignment of identifiers to nodes. Various approaches have been proposed to solve problems of auto-configuration in Wireless sensor networks, however, still, there are some issues remaining related to automatic assign identifiers A cluster-based hierarchical global address allocation scheme is proposed for a wireless sensor network. The proposal uses the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol and aims to reduce the latency of the identifier assignments and reduce the network level processes to be performed at the node. The address allocation process assigns each node a unique global address, which allows the node to have end-to-end connectivity without network-level involvement. The scenario of adding new nodes to the network or nodes that leave it is contemplated. Finally, the proposed scheme is evaluated experimentally, verifying the correct operation of the algorithm proposed in the implemented prototype.
Abstract
Wireless sensor networks continue to attract a lot of attention from academia and industry promoting large-scale deployments in applications related to the Internet of Things [...]
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Biomass Potential and Kinetics of Drying Model of Piptocoma discolor (pigüe) as a Source of Renewable Energy Source in Ecuador
J. González, B. Coronel Espinoza, V. Quevedo Tumailli, H. Uvidia Cabadiana, D. Oliva M., C. Morón, M. Robles Campo

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2021). Vol. 12, (1), 7

Abstract
The importance of Piptocoma discolor is a predominantly fast-growing native species of secondary forest ideal for a sustainable forest due to its predominance in the Amazon of Ecuador and Latin America. Currently it is wood and its waste does not have an alternative to produce electricity. Scarce information on its biomass potential and energy value. The objective was to obtain fresh biomass and drying kinetics, we worked in the four cantons of the Pastaza province with 20 plots of 400 m2 and 600 m2 that had an average of 15 to 20 trees, whose chest height diameters ranged from 10 and 33 cm., Establishing the following values: a) Average number of trees per hectare (1274 NA2/ha); b) Biomass in 100 987 hectares with an average of 41 097 686.87 tons, which means that it contributes with 49.72 % of water and 50.28 % of solid matter; c) A kinetic model of R2 = 0.9855, the estimate of a = 1.1318, k = 0.0637765, n = 0.560617 and b = -0.193993, based on a standard error of 0.0301682 and residual autocorrection of 0.182239 on drying kinetics; and d) Total energy means more than 13.5 GW of thermal energy using 100 % biomass.
Abstract
The importance of Piptocoma discolor is a predominantly fast-growing native species of secondary forest ideal for a sustainable forest due to its predominance in the Amazon [...]
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Numerical analysis of the flow behavior in the throat section of an experimental conical nozzle
S. Tolentino Masgo, M. Parco, S. Caraballo, L. Lacruz, V. Marcano, J. Ferreira, J. Mírez

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2021). Vol. 12, (1), 6

Abstract
The flow pattern in supersonic nozzles is defined by the aerodynamic profiles of the geometry of the internal walls, among other parameters, the throat being a critical section. In the present work, the objective is to analyze the behavior of the flow in the straight section of the throat of an experimental conical nozzle of a solid fuel probe rocket engine. The over-expanded flow was simulated with the ANSYS-Fluent code in a 2D computational domain, using the RANS model and the Menter turbulence model, and the Sutherland equation for viscosity as a function of the temperature. Five case studies were performed for the throat length in the range of 1-10 mm. Fluctuations of Mach number, pressure and temperature, oblique shock waves in the throat section were obtained for the length of 10 mm; for shorter lengths the intensity of the shock magnitude decreased. It is concluded that, for the throat length of 1 mm, the flow is transonic without the presence of oblique shocks. In the diverging section, shock waves vary in intensity and change position.
Abstract
The flow pattern in supersonic nozzles is defined by the aerodynamic profiles of the geometry of the internal walls, among other parameters, the throat being a critical section. [...]
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Effects of applying saturated steam as an Organic Sterilization System (OSS) in mirasol chili pepper (Capsicum baccatum var. pendulum) and panca chili pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)
A. Guevara Pérez, E. Villanueva-Quejia, D. Nolazco Cama, G. Llontop, K. Cancino Chávez

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2021). Vol. 12, (3), 5

Abstract
It was determined the influence of weight, temperature and time of injection of saturated steam as an organic sterilization system (OSS), on the microbial load, proximal analysis and capsaicin content in mirasol chili pepper and panca chili pepper. Work was done with 3 and 4 kg of chili pepper, 100 and 105 °C (20 and 25 kPa), for 2 and 3 minutes. The pre and post analyzes were: count of viable mesophilic aerobes, total coliforms, E. coli, Salmonella, molds and yeasts, proximal and capsaicin content. The samples containing 3 kg of mirasol chili pepper, subjected to 105 °C for 3 minutes and the ones containing 3 and 4 kg of panca chili pepper to 105 °C for 3 minutes, achieved a greater reduction of mesophilic aerobes and molds. The statistical evaluation found interactions between the variables: weight and temperature in mirasol chili pepper; weight, temperature and time in panca chili pepper, on the reduction of mesophilic aerobes and molds; influencing the proximal composition and content reduction of capsaicin from 863.2 to 751.9 ppm (mirasol chili pepper) and 405.6 to 315.1 ppm (panca chili pepper); showing that the OSS treatment is an efficient method in microbial decontamination process.
Abstract
It was determined the influence of weight, temperature and time of injection of saturated steam as an organic sterilization system (OSS), on the microbial load, proximal analysis [...]
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Environmental Impacts on the Littoral Coastal Strip by Anthropic Action in the City of Trujillo, Perú
C. Bocanegra García, B. Veneros Urbina, Z. Culquichicón Malpica

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2021). Vol. 12, (1), 4

Abstract
The present research describes and analyzes the impacts of the anthropic transformation of the coastal strip of the city of Trujillo, due to the systematic construction and expansion of a rigid structure called sand retaining mill in the port of Salaverry. It is described and analyzed the impacts of the anthropic transformation of the strip and its consequences due to the construction of the retention molon. Satellite images, photographs and hydrographic charts were used for the respective analysis seeking to raise awareness and encourage scientists, authorities and citizens in general to conserve the coast and save it. The main impacts are referred to the modification of the coast line, adding the destruction of beaches and the alteration of ecosystems. Erosion as a phenomenon has been affecting many coastal areas, but in this one in particular the problem has increased and seems not to stop even knowing all the aspects and climatic impacts that this may generate, destabilizing natural habitats and changing the behavior of the tides by directing them to unforeseen areas. With the problem posed.
Abstract
The present research describes and analyzes the impacts of the anthropic transformation of the coastal strip of the city of Trujillo, due to the systematic construction and [...]
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Characterization and quality of compost produced and marketed in Rupa Rupa-Huánuco
M. Bailón-Rojas, N. Florida-Rofner

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2021). Vol. 12, (1), 3

Abstract
Cocoa and coffee are important crops in the area and are managed under organic production standards, and the use of organic fertilizers is high, especially compost. For this reason, physical-chemical indicators were evaluated, and the quality of the compost produced with different inputs and marketed in the Rupa Rupa district, Huánuco-Peru region, was determined. It is a non-experimental correlational investigation with statistical adjustment of completely randomized, the treatments are the identified compost: Alborada compost (CAL), M&F Organic compost (CMF), municipal waste compost (CML), compost from the Divisoria Cooperative (CCD) and formulated commercial compost (CCF). Physical (humidity) and chemical indicators (ashes, pH, MO, N, P2O5, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) were evaluated and the quality was determined according to the Colombian technical standard (NTC 5167) , the Chilean official standard (NOCh 2880) and the quality standards of the World Health Organization (OMS). The Results show no differences in the physical and chemical indicators, except for the N levels and according to the NTC and the OMS correspond to good quality compost and the NOCh classifies them as medium quality compost. In conclusion, the compost evaluated are of medium quality and the standard that best determines the quality is the NOCh, which can be applied in countries that do not have a specific standard that determines the quality of the compost.
Abstract
Cocoa and coffee are important crops in the area and are managed under organic production standards, and the use of organic fertilizers is high, especially compost. For this [...]
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Evaluation of the influence of the degree of maturity of gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims) on sensory acceptance in food products
L. Bermeo Escobar

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2021). Vol. 12, (1), 2

Abstract
Purple passionfruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) is an exotic, sweet and slighty acid flavored fruit with a pleasant aroma. It is also widely accepted in European markets. In Colombia, a part of the yield crop is comprised of fruit that does not meet quality standards for export and is intended for national consumption, and marketed at very low prices. Therefore, it is necessary to propose alternatives for its use and potential market. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the degree of ripeness for purple passionfruit on the sensory acceptance in food products. Yogurt and cereal bars sweetened with purple passionfruit sauce from fruit with different stages of ripeness (T1: 30 %, T2: 50 %, T3: 70 % and T4: 100 %) were prepared. By a panel of 101 consumers aged 18-54 years old, using a 5-point facial hedonic scale, said products were sensorially assessed. The results obtained showed that 56.44% of consumers preferred T4 treatment (yogurt) and 51.49% of consumers preferred T3 treatment (cereal bars). The above mentioned leads to conclude that, for yogurt preparations, it is best to sweeten with ripe or even overripe fruit, while for cereal bars it is ideal to use purple passionfruit with a lower stage of ripeness (70%).
Abstract
Purple passionfruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) is an exotic, sweet and slighty acid flavored fruit with a pleasant aroma. It is also widely accepted in European markets. In [...]
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Caterina Martínez Martínez, «Origen i evolució dels connectors de contrast en català», Alacant / Barcelona, Institut Interuniversitari de Filologia Valenciana / Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, «Biblioteca Sanchis Guarner», 2021, 247 p.
M. Garachana

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (2), 38

Abstract
Book review: Caterina Martínez Martínez, Origen i evolució dels connectors de contrast en català, Alacant / Barcelona, Institut Interuniversitari de Filologia Valenciana / Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, «Biblioteca Sanchis Guarner», 2021, 247 p., isbn: 978-84-9191-152-4.
Abstract
Book review: Caterina Martínez Martínez, Origen i evolució dels connectors de contrast en català, Alacant / Barcelona, Institut Interuniversitari de Filologia Valenciana [...]
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Mar Massanell i Messalles, «“No m’à romasa sinó la honestat”. Rere la petja d’una innovació lingüística en el pas del català antic al modern», Barcelona, Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2020, 450 p.
J. Ramos

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (2), 37

Abstract
Book review: Mar Massanell i Messalles, «No m’à romasa sinó la honestat». Rere la petja d’una innovació lingüística en el pas del català antic al modern, Barcelona, Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2020, 450 p., ISBN: 978-84-9191-117-3.
Abstract
Book review: Mar Massanell i Messalles, «No m’à romasa sinó la honestat». Rere la petja d’una innovació lingüística en el pas del català antic al modern, Barcelona, [...]
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Julia Haba-Osca & Robert Martínez-Carrasco, «Llegir la imatge. Il·lustrar la paraula. Reflexions al voltant del llibre il·lustrat i el còmic», Albacete, Uno Editorial, 2020, 116 p.
R. Domene-Benito

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (2), 36

Abstract
Book review: Julia Haba-Osca & Robert Martínez-Carrasco, Llegir la imatge. Il·lustrar la paraula. Reflexions al voltant del llibre il·lustrat i el còmic, Albacete, Uno Editorial, 2020, 116 p., ISBN: 978-84-18438-37-0.
Abstract
Book review: Julia Haba-Osca & Robert Martínez-Carrasco, Llegir la imatge. Il·lustrar la paraula. Reflexions al voltant del llibre il·lustrat i el còmic, Albacete, Uno [...]
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Joseph García Rodríguez, «La fraseología del español y el catalán. Semántica cognitiva, simbolismo y contrastividad», Berlín, Peter Lang, 2020, 308 p.
G. Mura

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (2), 35

Abstract
Book review: Joseph García Rodríguez, La fraseología del español y el catalán. Semántica cognitiva, simbolismo y contrastividad, Berlín, Peter Lang, 2020, 308 p., ISBN: 978-3-631-82445-0.
Abstract
Book review: Joseph García Rodríguez, La fraseología del español y el catalán. Semántica cognitiva, simbolismo y contrastividad, Berlín, Peter Lang, 2020, 308 p., [...]
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Miquel Antoni Cruz i Morente, «La revista Canigó. Un exemple per a la memòria democràtica i plural (1954-1983)», Càtedra Interuniversitària de Memòria Democràtica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Alacant, Universitat d’Alacant, 2018, 281 p.
M. Palau Vergés

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (2), 34

Abstract
Book review: Miquel Antoni Cruz i Morente, La revista Canigó. Un exemple per a la memòria democràtica i plural (1954-1983), Càtedra Interuniversitària de Memòria Democràtica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Alacant, Universitat d’Alacant, 2018, 281 p. ISBN: 978-84-1302-025-9.
Abstract
Book review: Miquel Antoni Cruz i Morente, La revista Canigó. Un exemple per a la memòria democràtica i plural (1954-1983), Càtedra Interuniversitària de Memòria Democràtica [...]
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Montserrat Corretger & Oriol Teixell (eds.), «Literatura catalana contemporània: patrimoni i identitat», Barcelona, Institut d’Estudis Catalans / Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2019, 251 p. // Josep Camps Arbós & Maria Dasca (eds.), «La narrativa catalana al segle XXI, balanç crític», Barcelona, Institut d’Estudis Catalans, 2019, 139 p.
X. Hernàndez i Garcia

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (2), 33

Abstract
Book reviews: Montserrat Corretger & Oriol Teixell (eds.), Literatura catalana contemporània: patrimoni i identitat, Barcelona, Institut d’Estudis Catalans / Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2019, 251 p., ISBN: 978-84-9965-456-0. Josep Camps Arbós, & Maria Dasca (eds.), La narrativa catalana al segle xxi, balanç crític, Barcelona, Institut d’Estudis Catalans, 2019, 139 p., ISBN: 978-84-9965-464-5.
Abstract
Book reviews: Montserrat Corretger & Oriol Teixell (eds.), Literatura catalana contemporània: patrimoni i identitat, Barcelona, Institut d’Estudis Catalans / Universitat [...]
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Anna M. Moreno, Francesco Ardolino & Jordi Malé (eds.), «Manuel de Pedrolo, una mirada oberta. Noves perspectives crítiques i didàctiques», Lleida, Aula Màrius Torres / Pagès editors, 2019, («Trossos», 11), 429 p.
P. Torra

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (2), 32

Abstract
Book review: Anna M. Moreno, Francesco Ardolino & Jordi Malé (eds.), Manuel de Pedrolo, una mirada oberta. Noves perspectives crítiques i didàctiques, Lleida, Aula Màrius Torres / Pagès editors, 2019, («Trossos», 11), 429 p., ISBN: 978-84-1303-138-5.
Abstract
Book review: Anna M. Moreno, Francesco Ardolino & Jordi Malé (eds.), Manuel de Pedrolo, una mirada oberta. Noves perspectives crítiques i didàctiques, Lleida, Aula Màrius [...]
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Jean-François Sablayrolles, «Comprendre la néologie. Conceptions, analyses, emplois», Llemotges, Éditions Lambert-Lucas (col·lecció «La Lexicothèque»), 2019, 312 p.
E. Llopart-Saumell

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (2), 31

Abstract
Book review: Jean-François Sablayrolles, Comprendre la néologie. Conceptions, analyses, emplois, Llemotges, Éditions Lambert-Lucas (col·lecció «La Lexicothèque»), 2019, 312 p., ISBN: 978-2-35935-286-3.
Abstract
Book review: Jean-François Sablayrolles, Comprendre la néologie. Conceptions, analyses, emplois, Llemotges, Éditions Lambert-Lucas (col·lecció «La Lexicothèque»), [...]
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Ideology in the discourse of the history of language: the treatment of the sovereignty process
R. Calafat Vila

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (2), 30

Abstract
This article uses speech act theory to analyse the socialised discourse in polarised media between 2016 and 2019, where ideologies conflicted with the so-called sovereignty process scenario in Catalonia and Spain. On the one hand, some of the terms created by language in the media with regard to the sovereignty process and constructing an ideological narrative are highlighted from a pragmatic approach; on the other, the discrediting used by state-wide media in constructing a counter-narrative is also analysed. In this dialectic, belligerent confrontation, the media, authentic socio-cognitive intermediaries between psychological and contextual frameworks, have socialised linguistic attitudes around the social use of Catalan, as a language that competes both socially and linguistically with Spanish. This study attempts to measure up to what point these beliefs are social representations linked to a fundamental group ideology, whilst noting the rhetorical strategies, particularly lexicon, used in the central propositions of both spheres of media.
Abstract
This article uses speech act theory to analyse the socialised discourse in polarised media between 2016 and 2019, where ideologies conflicted with the so-called sovereignty [...]
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The corpus/status dialectics in the history of the Catalan language. Towards a comprehensive explanation of linguistic changes
M. Massanell i Messalles

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (2), 29

Abstract
In this paper, we advocate overcoming the dichotomies that fragment the study of language facts (synchrony vs. diachrony, linguistics vs. sociolinguistics, internal history vs. external history), in favor of an approach that integrates the maximum number of possible explanatory factors. A suitable field for this confluence is the analysis of ongoing language changes, which are those that take place in real time in front of the eyes of the researcher, who can thus benefit from the proximity to the object of study and from the accessibility to the multiple factors that condition its evolution, provided that he is capable of not getting overly involved. The analysis of the transformations observed in Northwestern Catalan since the resumption of the standardization process in Catalonia shows how we can increase the degree of understanding of linguistic changes if we are attentive to the interactions that occur between the socially established uses, the forms subjected to the constraints of the system, and the perceptions that end up forming the linguistic awareness of speakers understood as individuals and as a social body.
Abstract
In this paper, we advocate overcoming the dichotomies that fragment the study of language facts (synchrony vs. diachrony, linguistics vs. sociolinguistics, internal history [...]
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The relationship between the History of Language and the History of Literature
J. Ginebra Serrabou

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (2), 28

Abstract
The relationship between the History of Language and the History of Literature as disciplines has been a relationship of subordination, both from a conceptual and a methodological point of view. The first has been subordinated to the second. This article deals, first, with the historical circumstances and events that have determined the situation of subordination: the cultural identification between language and literature (but with the subordination of the first to the second), the birth of Romance linguistics (which, paradoxically, did not favor the autonomy of the history of the language), and the emergence of national cultures, which also gave priority to national literature. Secondly refers to the methodological and practical features of the two disciplines, which also explain why the relationship has gone the way it has gone. And, thirdly, we briefly deal with the current state of the subject, which suggests that the history of the language has tended to acquire autonomy in recent years, although the aim should not be to dispense with literary history but to establish the appropriate links with it.
Abstract
The relationship between the History of Language and the History of Literature as disciplines has been a relationship of subordination, both from a conceptual and a methodological [...]
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Foundational discourses on Catalan language
F. Feliu

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (2), 27

Abstract
This paper attempts to draw a general perspective, from the main aspects that take part in them, of the discourses on the origin and the appearance of Catalan language that have been proposed since there has been works of historical reflection on this language. Without claiming to be exhaustive, authors and works are cited only with the intention of illustrating the different positions.
Abstract
This paper attempts to draw a general perspective, from the main aspects that take part in them, of the discourses on the origin and the appearance of Catalan language that [...]
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Problems of the periodization in the history of the language
B. Montoya Abat

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (2), 26

Abstract
The work analyses how of suitable are the periodizations of the history of the Catalan language with the aim to propose one that could be compatible with the social nature of what at present pretend to encase most of the histories of the language. Like this, it considers out of place the treatment of some previous period at the existence of the Catalan language, as that of the Romanization, and rebuffs some tag that is a tradition invented, as that of the Reconquest. The proposal of a periodization summarises at four stages based at sociolinguistic factors: emergence, conscience, plenitude and linguistic conflict.
Abstract
The work analyses how of suitable are the periodizations of the history of the Catalan language with the aim to propose one that could be compatible with the social nature [...]
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Presentation of the monograph «Com s’escriu avui la història de la llengua catalana?»
M. Nicolás

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (2), 25

Abstract
Presentation of the monograph «Com s’escriu avui la història de la llengua catalana?», coordination by Miquel Nicolás.
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In-service teachers’ language attitudes in the Valencian educational system: the effect of the school language programme and the L1
I. Guzmán-Alcón, L. Portolés

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (2), 24

Abstract
The study of teachers’ attitudes towards languages has received some attention, as multilingualism has become one of the main educational targets for European school systems (Cenoz 2019; Liyanage & Tao 2020). Several authors (Lasagabaster 2017; Safont 2007) have claimed that language attitudes may play a crucial role in multilingual education. In the Valencian educational system, existing research has examined both students’ language attitudes (Nightingale 2012, 2016; Portolés 2015) and pre-service teachers’ language attitudes (Lasagabaster & Safont 2008; Portolés 2014; Safont 2007) towards the three teaching languages (i.e., Catalan, Spanish and English). Yet, as far as we know, experienced teachers’ attitudes have not been investigated. Thus, the present preliminary study explores 21 in-service teachers’ language attitudes by means of a written questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. In so doing, data were collected in multilingual schools adopting three different school language programmes, namely those of a Catalan-based, a Spanish-based and an English-based language programme. The latter has been a context that has been omitted in previous research. The findings have confirmed the influence of the language programme on in-service teachers’ language attitudes as well as the paramount role of the L1 in the formation of language attitudes. Finally, our findings have pointed out that language attitudes and teaching practices do not always match since some monolingual views are found inside the classroom. Our study concludes that more teacher training is needed on the «Focus on Multilingualism» approach proposed by Cenoz and Gorter (2013).
Abstract
The study of teachers’ attitudes towards languages has received some attention, as multilingualism has become one of the main educational targets for European school systems [...]
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Variation in the realization of Catalan and Romanian voiceless sibilant contrast
P. Cruselles

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (2), 23

Abstract
Romanian and Valencian Catalan show a similar contrast between the non-palatal sibilant /s/ and the palatal sibilant /?/, although the articulation of both consonants displays differences between these two languages. In Romanian /s/ is pronounced as a dental sibilant, more anterior than in Valencian Catalan, and /?/ is articulated more palatal, with a more posterior articulation than in Valencian Catalan. Our first goal is to describe the acoustic characteristics of these consonants and to verify if the first spectral moment, center of gravity, is a good indicator to characterize the articulation of the /s/ and /?/ in both languages. The second goal is to determine if there are differences in both languages regarding the contrast /s/ vs. /?/. Our data show that the center of gravity allows us to describe the differences of articulation between Catalan and Romanian consonants. With respect to the distance between both sibilant, we can stablish a scale in Valencian Catalan that goes from the neutralization to a sharp distinction. In Romanian, on the other hand, there is a robust contrast, similar or sharper than in the Valencian varieties with a more robust distinction.
Abstract
Romanian and Valencian Catalan show a similar contrast between the non-palatal sibilant /s/ and the palatal sibilant /?/, although the articulation of both consonants displays [...]
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Galician as the Source of the Luso-Brazilian Linguistic World
M. Henríquez Salido

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (2), 22

Abstract
The initial period of this brief history of Galician and of linguistic reintegrationism starts with some remarks on a «letter» by Martim Sarmiento (1695-1771), the precursor of Galician philology, and ends in 2019, when the Real Academia Galega decides to dedicate the Dia das Letras Galegas (Galician Literature’s Day) to the reintegrationist scholar Ricardo Carvalho Calero (1910-1990). Only summarized ideas are here presented on the 19th century and first half of the 20th century, while more information is given with regard to the second half of last century and the first decades of the 21st century.
Abstract
The initial period of this brief history of Galician and of linguistic reintegrationism starts with some remarks on a «letter» by Martim Sarmiento (1695-1771), the precursor [...]
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The epistle in the poetry of Vicent Andrés Estellés
F. Carbó

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (2), 21

Abstract
This work reviews the poetic compositions that Vicent Andrés Estellés considered as —and named— epistles throughout his extensive literary production. This type of compositions, together with epheglies, consolidated him as a poet in the Catalan language during the fifties. They also contributed to provide his poetry with a conversational tone, where the poetic subject took advantage of his interlocutor and recipient in order to build himself in the text. This study publishes, among the revised texts, three unpublished epistolary poems.
Abstract
This work reviews the poetic compositions that Vicent Andrés Estellés considered as —and named— epistles throughout his extensive literary production. This type of compositions, [...]
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«A vós qui sou la bella i alta rima» (The participants in ‘Resposta’ de Miquel Ortigues)
S. Barceló i Trigueros

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (2), 20

Abstract
In the context of the doctoral thesis on the Valencian notary Miquel Ortigues we studied the attributed work as well as questions of biographical and contextual aspects. In this article, we focus on the importance of the appearance of an unpublished composition found in his notarial protocols and a review of the figure’s magnitude by the literary relationships that are explicit in his verses. The article represents a new approach to Miquel Ortigues that considers empirical data collected in the archives. In a collateral way it also means the irruption of two other poets, Ausiàs Crespí de Valldaura and Joan Ram Escrivà in the poetic panorama of the Valencian questions and answers by the end of the 15th century, which we also analyse. The study of Miquel Ortigues and the poets participating in the Resposta is important to gauge what we can obtain by going in depth in the archival research and by the discovery of literary figures that helps to understand how the poetic literary circuit of Valencia was in the late 15th century and their influence on new literary fashions.
Abstract
In the context of the doctoral thesis on the Valencian notary Miquel Ortigues we studied the attributed work as well as questions of biographical and contextual aspects. In [...]
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Joan Vergés Gifra, Francesco Ardolino, Marta Nadal Brunès (eds.), «Maria Aurèlia Capmany. Escriptora i pensadora», Girona, Documenta Universitaria, 2019, 306 p.
M. Matas Revilla

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (1), 19

Abstract
Book review: Joan Vergés Gifra, Francesco Ardolino, Marta Nadal Brunès (eds.), Maria Aurèlia Capmany. Escriptora i pensadora, Girona, Documenta Universitaria, 2019, 306 p., ISBN: 978-84-9984-496-1.
Abstract
Book review: Joan Vergés Gifra, Francesco Ardolino, Marta Nadal Brunès (eds.), Maria Aurèlia Capmany. Escriptora i pensadora, Girona, Documenta Universitaria, 2019, 306 [...]
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Josep Vicent Garcia Sebastià, «Les construccions de temps transcorregut en el català de l’edat moderna i contemporània (s. XVI-XX)», València/Barcelona, Institut Interuniversitari de Filologia Valenciana / Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2019, col. «Biblioteca Sanchis Guarner», 90, 202 p.
M. Massanell i Messalles

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (1), 18

Abstract
Book review: Josep Vicent Garcia Sebastià, Les construccions de temps transcorregut en el català de l’edat moderna i contemporània (s. XVI-XX), València/Barcelona, Institut Interuniversitari de Filologia Valenciana / Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2019, col. «Biblioteca Sanchis Guarner», 90, 202 p., ISBN: 978-84-9191-155-9.
Abstract
Book review: Josep Vicent Garcia Sebastià, Les construccions de temps transcorregut en el català de l’edat moderna i contemporània (s. XVI-XX), València/Barcelona, Institut [...]
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Fernando Ramallo, Estibaliz Amorrortu & Maite Puigdevall (eds.), «Neoha¬blantes de lenguas minorizadas en el Estado español», Madrid / Frankfurt am Main, Iberoamericana/Vervuert, 2019, 195 p.
D. Pinto Pajares

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (1), 17

Abstract
Book review: Fernando Ramallo, Estibaliz Amorrortu & Maite Puigdevall (eds.), Neohablantes de lenguas minorizadas en el Estado español, Madrid / Frankfurt am Main, Iberoamericana/Vervuert, 2019, 195 p., ISBN: 978-84-9192-086-1 (Iberoamericana) / 978-3-96456-882-3 (Vervuert).
Abstract
Book review: Fernando Ramallo, Estibaliz Amorrortu & Maite Puigdevall (eds.), Neohablantes de lenguas minorizadas en el Estado español, Madrid / Frankfurt am Main, Iberoamericana/Vervuert, [...]
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Alexandre Bataller Català, «Jaume de Cèssulis: Libre de les costumes dels hòmens e dels oficis dels nobles sobre lo joc dels escacs. Estudi i edició», Alacant/Barcelona, Institut Interuniversitari de Filologia Valenciana / Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2018, col. «Biblioteca Sanchis Guarner», 89, 303 p.
J. Rubio

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (1), 16

Abstract
Book review: Alexandre Bataller Català, Jaume de Cèssulis: Libre de les costumes dels hòmens e dels oficis dels nobles sobre lo joc dels escacs. Estudi i edició, Alacant/Barcelona, Institut Interuniversitari de Filologia Valenciana / Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2018, col. «Biblioteca Sanchis Guarner», 89, 303 p., ISBN: 978-84-9191-025-1.
Abstract
Book review: Alexandre Bataller Català, Jaume de Cèssulis: Libre de les costumes dels hòmens e dels oficis dels nobles sobre lo joc dels escacs. Estudi i edició, Alacant/Barcelona, [...]
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Pilar Godayol, «Feminismes i traducció (1965-1990)», Lleida, Punctum, 2020, col. «Visions», 10, 240 p.
T. Iribarren

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (1), 15

Abstract
Book review: Pilar Godayol, Feminismes i traducció (1965-1990), Lleida, Punctum, 2020, col. «Visions», 10, 240 p., ISBN: 978-84-120749-2-5.
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Eulàlia Miralles & Pep Valsalobre (eds.), Joan Pujol, «Els poemes de Lepant», Barcelona, Barcino, col. «Biblioteca Barcino», 2019, 192 p.
M. Rigaux

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (1), 14

Abstract
Book review: Eulàlia Miralles & Pep Valsalobre (eds.), Joan Pujol, Els poemes de Lepant, Barcelona, Barcino, col. «Biblioteca Barcino», 2019, 192 p., ISBN: 978-84-7226-841-8.
Abstract
Book review: Eulàlia Miralles & Pep Valsalobre (eds.), Joan Pujol, Els poemes de Lepant, Barcelona, Barcino, col. «Biblioteca Barcino», 2019, 192 p., ISBN: 978-84-722[...]
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Antoni Biosca i Bas (ed.), «La “Descendentia regum Sicilie” de Pau Rossell», València, Universitat de València / Universitat d’Alacant, col. «Fonts Històriques Valencianes», 73, 2019, 159 p.
M. Rodrigo Lizondo

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (1), 13

Abstract
Book review: Antoni Biosca i Bas (ed.), La Descendentia regum Sicilie de Pau Rossell, València, Universitat de València / Universitat d’Alacant, col. «Fonts Històriques Valencianes», 73, 2019, 159 p., ISBN 978-84-9134-424-7.
Abstract
Book review: Antoni Biosca i Bas (ed.), La Descendentia regum Sicilie de Pau Rossell, València, Universitat de València / Universitat d’Alacant, col. «Fonts Històriques [...]
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Jordi M. Antolí Martínez, «Els verbs de percepció en català antic. Els verbs “veure”, “sentir”, “oir” i “entendre” en els segles XIII-XVI», Alacant/Barcelona, Institut Interuniversitari de Filologia Valenciana / Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2017, 225 p.
J. Suïls Subirà

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (1), 12

Abstract
Book review: Jordi M. Antolí Martínez, Els verbs de percepció en català antic. Els verbs veure, sentir, oir i entendre en els segles XIII-XVI, Alacant/Barcelona, Institut Interuniversitari de Filologia Valenciana / Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2017, 225 p., ISBN: 978-84-9883-882-4.
Abstract
Book review: Jordi M. Antolí Martínez, Els verbs de percepció en català antic. Els verbs veure, sentir, oir i entendre en els segles XIII-XVI, Alacant/Barcelona, Institut [...]
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Zweig and the daemon. Presences and absences of the reception of a european figure in Catalonia
X. Pla

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (1), 11

Abstract
For decades, the figure and works of the Austrian writer Stefan Zweig (Vienna, 1881-Petrópolis, Brazil, 1942) enjoyed the benefit of unparalleled popularity in Catalonia. Beyond praise and criticism, Zweig, who is arguably one of the most famous writers of the twentieth century, interested and involved writers, artists, critics, translators, politicians, and all sorts of cultural agents in a critique reception of his work in Catalonia which is still to be studied exhaustively and to be interpreted properly. This article proposes a first interpretation of Zweig’s critical reception in Barcelona, which, however anecdotal, episodic and tangential, necessarily reflects the same contradictions and fluctuations of the author’s global reception. From the analysis of his first translations, the relationship with Salvador Dalí, the meeting with Eugeni d’Ors or Joan Estelrich, the repercussions in the press of his death or the debates that his work provoked between idealists and skeptics, some episodes are analyzed that point out major lines of interpretation of Zweig’s work and thought.
Abstract
For decades, the figure and works of the Austrian writer Stefan Zweig (Vienna, 1881-Petrópolis, Brazil, 1942) enjoyed the benefit of unparalleled popularity in Catalonia. [...]
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Humanism or humanitarianism? Collapse of imponderables in a propaedeutic discussion between Ramon Esquerra and Manuel Cruells
G. Molla

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (1), 10

Abstract
This article analyzes the exchange of opinions between the critics Ramon Esquerra (1909- 1938) and Manuel Cruells (1910-1988) about how to understand Renaissance humanism. On this basis, I focus on the first author to examine the implications arising from the act of thinking the interwar crisis, the function of the intellectual, and the cultural processes of the past through the geographical and temporal context in which it is consumed. In light of the narratives of some of the great European thinkers of the time (Hazard, Berdyaev, Benda, Maurois, etc.), Esquerra in his literary criticism projects a concern for the future of Western civilization in the rise of the totalitarian ideologies of the 1930s, emphasizing a critical and moral point of view in front of the materialistic thinking. In this sense, I also consider aspects such as the inheritance of medieval Christianity in the formation of an alleged European conscience and the treatment in the Catalan press of the concept of humanitarianism around 1935.
Abstract
This article analyzes the exchange of opinions between the critics Ramon Esquerra (1909- 1938) and Manuel Cruells (1910-1988) about how to understand Renaissance humanism. [...]
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The influence of English Catholic Humanism in Catalonia during the Inter-war period: the contribution of Hilaire Belloc
F. Montero Aulet

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (1), 9

Abstract
The study of the popularisation of English Catholic Catholic journalism in Catalonia in the 1920’s and 1930’s has mainly focused on the figure of G. K. Chesterton. However, his great friend, the polemicist Hilaire Belloc, also had a certain presence in Catalonia through direct contact with the country, translation of his articles and works and collaboration in Catalan media. The fact that Belloc was clearly an anti-modern apologist of the Christian faith and the original ideologist of a ‘medievalist’ political and economic system called ‘distributism’, as well as a prominent historian and author of biographies, endowed him with a multifaceted character and special interest for the Catalan intellectuals, especially the Catholics. In the shadow of Chesterton, the present article highlights how his texts and ideas had a valuable impact, which ultimately contributed to the penetration into Catalonia of the new English-Catholic Catholic humanism.
Abstract
The study of the popularisation of English Catholic Catholic journalism in Catalonia in the 1920’s and 1930’s has mainly focused on the figure of G. K. Chesterton. However, [...]
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Humanism and Criticism in T. S. Eliot and Carles Riba
J. Malé

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (1), 8

Abstract
T. S. Eliot and Carles Riba are two writers with many similarities: they both lived around the same time (the first half of the twentieth century), both stood out as poets and critics, and both wrote on similar literary topics, such as humanism, and several authors of European literature, like Dante, Goethe and Baudelaire. But their different biographical circumstances and their different literary, social, and political contexts conditioned their conception of humanism and their interpretation of some of the leading writers of Western culture. The aim of this paper is to do a comparative literature exercise to relate and contrast these different conceptions and interpretations of Eliot and Riba.
Abstract
T. S. Eliot and Carles Riba are two writers with many similarities: they both lived around the same time (the first half of the twentieth century), both stood out as poets [...]
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Joan Estelrich and the new humanism in interwar Europe
S. Coll-Vinent

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (1), 7

Abstract
This article provides an overview on Joan Estelrich’s intellectual activity departing from two initiatives, which may be related to the so-called humanism or new humanism so much in vogue in Europe throughout the inter-war period. The multifaceted voice ‘humanism’ and the expression ‘new humanism’ are first reviewed in historical context in order to avoid misinterpretations. The project of an unborn journal, Humanitats (1929), conceived as the academic journal for the Fundació Bernat Metge in its national and transnational dimension, is then analysed, with particular attention to Mario Meunier’s contribution on the humanities and the European spirit. The article also explores Estelrich’s involvement in the debate on the humanities and the formation of the contemporary man in the entretien organized by the Institut International de Coopération Intellectuelle (Société des Nations) in Budapest, in June 1936, to illustrate the meaning and use of ‘new humanism’ and its projection in Estelrich’s intellectual profile.
Abstract
This article provides an overview on Joan Estelrich’s intellectual activity departing from two initiatives, which may be related to the so-called humanism or new humanism [...]
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Presentation of the monograph «La crisi del nou humanisme a Catalunya, 1918-1936»
X. Pla, F. Montero

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (1), 6

Abstract
Presentation of the monograph «La crisi del nou humanisme a Catalunya, 1918-1936», coordination by Xavier Pla i Francesc Montero.
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The emotional aesthetics of transformation. A Baroque reexamination of Apollo and Daphne’s fable
P. Valsalobre

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (1), 5

Abstract
The well-known Sonnet XIII by Garcilaso de la Vega «A Dafne ya los brazos le crecían» was to establish the disconsolate figure of Apollo, pining for the loss of Daphne, as the literary paradigm of the pangs of love —at least in Renaissance literature in the Iberian peninsula. Thus, a century later, Francesc Fontanella revisited the Garcilaso sonnet and carried out a profoundly Baroque re-reading. The Catalan text ‘transforms’ the symmetry and order in which the Spanish sonnet describes the metamorphosis of the nymph into an inseparable amalgam between the old way of being and the new reality, between the human and the plant, and freezes the figure in mutation: neither the original form nor the results of the process are as interesting as the mutation itself, an idea that conforms to Baroque sensitivities of the aesthetics of transformation. At the same time, the essentially sensory terms of the Renaissance text are transmuted, in the Catalan sonnet, into emotional, human characteristics; the Baroque poet emphasizes Daphne’s intentionality regarding her (almost self-)transformation, and attributes to her an extraordinary willfulness, contrary to Apollo, which is, in the end, to no avail. Finally, Fontanella’s elegiac text breaks with the secular expectations typical of Renaissance sonnets as an emblem of love’s misfortune and instead, rises above them based on the literaturization of the biographical experience.
Abstract
The well-known Sonnet XIII by Garcilaso de la Vega «A Dafne ya los brazos le crecían» was to establish the disconsolate figure of Apollo, pining for the loss of Daphne, [...]
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Story and plot: clinical case reports as academic stories
A. Kot’átková

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (1), 4

Abstract
Clinical case reports constitute a genre specific of healthcare professionals, who write and publish them with educational and research purposes. Unlike other scientific texts, case reports are based on the clinical experience of one or a few patients. This is why they acquire a narrative character and a series of features that lead us to consider them as academic stories. In this article, we try to find out if this consideration is accurate. We review the narrative theory to identify the key element that defines stories with regard to other narrative texts: the plot or intrigue. We confirm the presence of this element in a corpus of written clinical case reports in Catalan, English and Spanish published in magazines from the mental health field.
Abstract
Clinical case reports constitute a genre specific of healthcare professionals, who write and publish them with educational and research purposes. Unlike other scientific texts, [...]
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Epithets of late medieval artists at the service of the royal and local power
F. Granell Sales

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (1), 3

Abstract
This article studies the adjectives of the artists who worked at the service of the king and the local elites in the Catalan-speaking countries during the 14th and 15th centuries. It examines specifically two of them: apt and subtle. Textual records that have been published by other specialists enable us to understand these adjectives in their own documentary context. This paper also compares their meaning with other examples from the late medieval literature in the Crown of Aragon. We carry out an approach to their meaning as words that referred to the artistic skill and as words that were chosen with a concrete purpose. Therefore, they had repercussions in the historical engagement between the artist and the patron among who Peter the Ceremonious stood out. The definitions that we expose complement those which are specified in the historical dictionaries and they highlight the specific consideration of the artistic abilities.
Abstract
This article studies the adjectives of the artists who worked at the service of the king and the local elites in the Catalan-speaking countries during the 14th and 15th centuries. [...]
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On some active participles with motion verbs
I. Crespí

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2021). Vol. 36, (1), 2

Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyse the structures containing a participle combined with a motion verb, in cases such as venir plorat de casa (lit. ‘to come cried from home’ / intend. ‘to come after crying at home’). The interest of these data lies in the fact that the participles involved here are not active (plorat ‘cried’, tossit ‘coughed’), but they acquire an active reading when combined with verbs of movement (venir ‘come’, arribar ‘to arrive’). In this paper, we compile and describe the data that patterns this configuration and we propose some ideas for a possible formal analysis. Firstly, following Armstrong (2017), we propose that verbs such as ‘cry’ allow the formation of an active participle because they have an implicit object. We consider this active participle to be a secondary predicate selected by the verb. In particular, the participle projects a small clause which is an absolute construction, therefore it expresses an action which is finished and previous to the action of the main verb. Secondly, we propose that the main verb is an inherently directed motion verb that projects an unergative structure, and not an unaccusative one, what triggers an agentive interpretation of the subject.
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyse the structures containing a participle combined with a motion verb, in cases such as venir plorat de casa (lit. ‘to come cried from home’ [...]
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Bibliografía calderoniana 2020
I. Hernando Morata

ACal (2021). Vol. 14, (1), 22
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«Monstruo de madera»: aclaración a un pasaje de «El príncipe constante», de Calderón
I. Arellano

ACal (2021). Vol. 14, (1), 21

Abstract
Esta nota propone la interpretación de un pasaje controvertido («monstruo de madera») en la comedia de Calderón El príncipe constante. This note proposes an interpretation of a controversial passage («monstruo de madera») in Calderón’s play El príncipe constante.
Abstract
Esta nota propone la interpretación de un pasaje controvertido («monstruo de madera») en la comedia de Calderón El príncipe constante. This note proposes an interpretation [...]
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Benabu, Isaac, «Textos “ilegibles”: reflexiones sobre la representación de la comedia áurea», Oxford, Peter Lang, 2019.
A. Núñez Sepúlveda

ACal (2021). Vol. 14, (1), 20
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Estrategias de comunicación amorosa en la comedia palatina de Tirso, Calderón y Bances
B. Oteiza

ACal (2021). Vol. 14, (1), 19

Abstract
En el teatro áureo, la dificultad de los amantes para comunicarse y defender su amor exige mecanismos de diálogo con distintos grados de dificultad que encuentran natural expresión en la comedia palatina, y como recurso dramático permite esbozar su transmisión en tres comedias: Amar por arte mayor (Tirso), El secreto a voces (Calderón) y La jarretiera de Inglaterra (Bances Candamo). Estas comedias comparten complicados sistemas de comunicación según un lenguaje artificial, basado en composiciones poéticas (acrósticos) y en la criptografía, que requiere descifrarse mediante claves, y pone en apuros al espectador de ayer y de hoy (más). In the Golden Age theatre, the difficulty of lovers to communicate themselves and to defend their love finds its solution in ingenious ways of getting their message across, using dialogs with different levels of complexity. These dramatic resources are broadly employed in the subgenre of the so-called palatine comedy and the author of this article analyses three comedies: Amar por arte mayor, by Tirso de Molina; Calderón’s El secreto a voces and La jarretierra de Inglaterra by Bances Candamo. These plays share complicated communication systems following an artificial language, based on poetic compositions (acrostics) and on cryptography, that require to be translated using codes, and create difficulties to the spectator of yesterday and today (even more).
Abstract
En el teatro áureo, la dificultad de los amantes para comunicarse y defender su amor exige mecanismos de diálogo con distintos grados de dificultad que encuentran natural [...]
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Consideraciones sobre la comedia palatina en relación con la «Primera» y con la «Segunda Parte» de comedias de Calderón
J. Rubiera

ACal (2021). Vol. 14, (1), 18

Abstract
Tras unas reflexiones en torno a la controvertida cuestión de la clasificación genérica de las comedias del Siglo de Oro, este artículo subraya el carácter problemático de la categoría «comedia palatina», particularmente al confrontarla con un examen del género de las veinticuatro obras incluidas en la Primera parte de comedias (1636) y en la Segunda parte de comedias (1637) de Calderón de la Barca. Situándose en la estela de críticos como Valbuena Briones, Antonucci y Arellano, se insiste en la hibridez, interferencia o contaminación de los subgéneros cómicos. After some reflections on the controversial question of genre classification in the Golden Age comedias, this article highlights the problematic nature of the category «comedia palatina», particularly when confronted with a genre examination of the twenty-four plays included in Calderón de la Barca’s Primera parte de comedias (1636) and in the Segunda parte de comedias (1637). The author insists on the hybridity, interference or contamination of comic subgenres, following the steps of critics such as Valbuena Briones, Antonucci and Arellano.
Abstract
Tras unas reflexiones en torno a la controvertida cuestión de la clasificación genérica de las comedias del Siglo de Oro, este artículo subraya el carácter problemático [...]
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Ocultación, enredo y comicidad en «El galán fantasma» de Calderón
A. Fernández Richards

ACal (2021). Vol. 14, (1), 17

Abstract
El enredo es una de las características fundamentales de las comedias del Siglo de Oro español. En este trabajo se investiga la ocultación como medio principal de enredo y comicidad en El galán fantasma (1637), comedia palatina de Pedro Calderón de la Barca. Este recurso se presenta desde la acción de los personajes, ya sea esporádica —por medio de las tapadas, embozados y la oscuridad— o permanente —el fantasma—, y desde el discurso de estos. The tangle is one of the fundamental characteristics of the comedies of the Spanish Golden Age. This work studies concealment as the main way of tangle and comicality in El galán fantasma (1637), a palatine comedy by Pedro Calderón de la Barca. This resource is presented from the action of the characters, whether sporadic —through covered women, cloaked men and darkness— or permanent —the ghost— and from the speech.
Abstract
El enredo es una de las características fundamentales de las comedias del Siglo de Oro español. En este trabajo se investiga la ocultación como medio principal de enredo [...]
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Distanciamiento y comicidad en «El vergonzoso en palacio» de Tirso de Molina
M. Solar

ACal (2021). Vol. 14, (1), 16

Abstract
Este artículo plantea que los recursos del metateatro y del disfraz en El vergonzoso en palacio contribuyen a crear el distanciamiento necesario entre el espectador y los personajes para que se produzca la finalidad última de la comedia, la risa. Varios críticos, entre ellos Vitse, proponen que la comicidad se logra por medio de esta distancia, la cual impide la empatía o compasión. El metateatro lleva a cuestionarse sobre la ficcionalidad de lo que se está mirando, lo que impide que el espectador olvide que lo observado no es real. En el caso del disfraz, este contribuye a difuminar la identidad del personaje, de tal manera que se hace muy difícil sentir empatía por él. A modo de ejemplo, este trabajo tomará al personaje de Mireno, puesto que su disfraz es el más relevante para el desarrollo de los acontecimientos. This article argues that the resources of metatheatre and disguise in El vergonzoso en palacio contribute to create the estrangement needed between the audience and the characters to produce the primary effect of comedy, laughter. Several critics, among them Vitse, say that comicality is achieved through this estrangement, which impedes empathy or compassion. Metatheatre helps to question the fictionality of what is being watched, which makes the audience remember that the play isn’t real. Disguise, on the other hand, contributes to difuminate the identity of the character, in a way that that makes it difficult to feel compassion for him. This article uses the character of Mireno as an example, because his disguise is the most relevant for the development of the drama.
Abstract
Este artículo plantea que los recursos del metateatro y del disfraz en El vergonzoso en palacio contribuyen a crear el distanciamiento necesario entre el espectador y los [...]
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En los orígenes de la comedia palatina: la «Tragicomedia Don Duardos» de Gil Vicente
J. Castro Rivas

ACal (2021). Vol. 14, (1), 15

Abstract
Muchas páginas se han dedicado al estudio de la llamada comedia palatina, ya sea para referirse a sus rasgos generales, al análisis de obras específicas, a comentarios de corpus de ciertos autores, entre otros acercamientos, sin embargo, poco es lo que sabemos acerca de sus orígenes. Es por ello que el objetivo de este trabajo se centra en determinar las posibles vinculaciones entre el teatro renacentista y la comedia barroca posterior, resaltando el carácter genetista de la comedia de Gil Vicente, la Tragicomedia de don Duardos en relación con la comedia a fantasía promulgada en la preceptiva de Bartolomé de Torres Naharro y en su Comedia Aquilana; la tradición festiva de la nobleza y la ficción caballeresca. Many pages have been devoted to the study of the dramatic genre known as comedia palatina, either to refer to its general features, the analysis of specific works, comments on the corpus of certain authors among other approaches. However, we know little about its origins. That’s the reason why the objective of this work focuses on the possible links between Renaissance Theater and later Baroque Comedy, highlighting the geneticist nature of Gil Vicente’s comedy, Don Duardos’s Tragicomedy in relation to the category comedia a fantasía, promulgated in the literary precepts of Bartolomé de Torres Naharro and his Comedia Aquilana, the festive tradition of nobility and chivalric fiction.
Abstract
Muchas páginas se han dedicado al estudio de la llamada comedia palatina, ya sea para referirse a sus rasgos generales, al análisis de obras específicas, a comentarios [...]
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Hacia un corpus lingüístico del gracioso moretiano en las comedias palatinas
E. Martínez Carro

ACal (2021). Vol. 14, (1), 14

Abstract
El gracioso moretiano goza de gran número de peculiaridades entre las que destacan su agudeza de ingenio y su vocabulario. En la mayoría de las obras del dramaturgo disfruta de un protagonismo relevante, aunque este aspecto no es tan claro en sus comedias palatinas. A través de un elenco de diez obras del autor —y de diversos géneros—, entre las que se encuentran cuatro palatinas, se analiza el corpus lingüístico del gracioso de forma comparativa y cuantitativa —posible por el uso de nuevas herramientas informáticas—, con el fin de realizar una primera aproximación al repertorio léxico del personaje moretiano. Desde esta perspectiva, se delimita el vocabulario específico del gracioso en las comedias palatinas. The humorous Moretian possesses a great number of singularities among which his acuity and language are outstanding. In the majority of the dramatist’s plays, he enjoys a relevant leading role, although this aspect is not so clear in his palatine comedies. The linguistic corpus of the humorous is analyzed from a comparative and a quantitative perspective through a list of ten plays, written by the author —and of diverse genres—, among which the four palatines can be found. This is feasible for the use of new software tools, in order to make a first approach to the lexical repertoire of the Moretian character. From this perspective, specific vocabulary of the humorous in the palatine comedies is limited.
Abstract
El gracioso moretiano goza de gran número de peculiaridades entre las que destacan su agudeza de ingenio y su vocabulario. En la mayoría de las obras del dramaturgo disfruta [...]
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Calderón de la Barca, Pedro, «Entremeses y mojigangas para autos sacramentales. Burlas profanas y veras sagradas», ed. Victoriano Roncero López y Abraham Madroñal Durán, Kassel, Reichenberger, 2020.
M. Usunáriz Iribertegui

ACal (2021). Vol. 14, (1), 13
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La comedia palatina conquista la generación calderoniana: el caso de Antonio Enríquez Gómez
A. Gutiérrez Gil

ACal (2021). Vol. 14, (1), 12

Abstract
Antonio Enríquez Gómez (conocido en una segunda etapa vital con el nombre de Fernando de Zárate) fue un autor eminentemente serio cuyos géneros más cultivados fueron el de la comedia histórica (con una docena de títulos) y el de la comedia hagiográfica, religiosa y bíblica (contándose trece piezas); sin embargo, también se dejó subyugar por uno de los géneros que más aceptación tenía en el público de los corrales: el palatino, entendido en su vertiente cómica y en su vertiente trágica. Si bien no podemos decir que sea un grupo muy numeroso, sí es justo reconocer que son piezas de una calidad aceptable y que aúnan una serie de peculiaridades que las hacen dignas de ser recordadas dentro de la generación calderoniana. A través del presente artículo, por tanto, estableceremos el corpus de títulos del autor conquense que puedan ser adscritos al género palatino (estudiando con detalle dos casos problemáticos: Amor, con vista y cordura y La defensora de la reina de Hungría) y realizaremos un análisis pormenorizado de aquellos rasgos y peculiaridades que, aun en consonancia con el resto de composiciones de sus coetáneos de la generación calderoniana, impriman en ellos una marca personal identificable. Antonio Enríquez Gómez (better known as Fernando de Zárate in his second stage of life), was a seriously renowned author whose mostly cultivated genres were historic comedy (with a dozen titles) and hagiographic, religious and biblical comedy (for which he wrote thirteen works). However, he was also beaten by one of the genres that was broadly accepted among the theatre audience: palatine genre, understood then on its comical side as well as on its tragical one. Even though we cannot affirm that these last works are numerous, it is fair to recognize them as acceptable quality theatre pieces which reunite a series of peculiarities that make them noteworthy within the Calderonian generation. So that, through this article we will establish the corpus of titles by this author from Cuenca that can be ascribed to palatine genre (studying in detail two problematic cases: Amor, con vista y cordura and La defensora de la reina de Hungría), and we will deeply analyze those features and peculiarities that, although consistent with the rest of coetaneous works from the Calderonian generation, are marked by his recognizable personal brand.
Abstract
Antonio Enríquez Gómez (conocido en una segunda etapa vital con el nombre de Fernando de Zárate) fue un autor eminentemente serio cuyos géneros más cultivados fueron [...]
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La interpretación de género en la comedia palatina: el travestismo en «Las manos blancas no ofenden»
V. Casais Vila

ACal (2021). Vol. 14, (1), 11

Abstract
Tras un breve repaso del travestismo como fenómeno social durante el Siglo de Oro, se estudia su presencia en la comedia, con la atención puesta en los hombres vestidos de mujer y en las posibles motivaciones de este recurso. A continuación, se analiza un caso de travestismo en una comedia pseudo-palatina, Las manos blancas no ofenden, atendiendo a la interpretación del género de acuerdo con las teorías de Judith Butler. Por último, se reflexiona sobre el género palatino como un contexto idóneo para este tipo de experimentación teatral. After a brief review of transvestism as a social phenomenon in the Early Modern Age, we study the presence of transvestism in the comedy genre, with a focus on cross-dressing men, and the possible variants of this resource. Next, we analyze a specific case of cross-dressing in a comedia pseudo-palatina, Las manos blancas no ofenden, from the point of view of gender interpretation, following the work of Judith Butler. Lastly, we ref lect upon the genre of comedia palatina as the perfect context for this kind of theatrical experimentation.
Abstract
Tras un breve repaso del travestismo como fenómeno social durante el Siglo de Oro, se estudia su presencia en la comedia, con la atención puesta en los hombres vestidos [...]
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El tempo en las comedias palatinas: Calderón vs. Lope
J. Badía Herrera

ACal (2021). Vol. 14, (1), 10

Abstract
Este artículo analiza once comedias palatinas de Calderón de la Barca y estudia su densidad de la palabra en relación con los datos sobre las comedias palatinas de Lope de Vega, que se encuentran incluidas en la base de datos y en la biblioteca digital ARTELOPE. Se examina la información existente en CATCOM sobre representaciones de las comedias palatinas calderonianas en el siglo XVII con el propósito de evaluar su recepción en los distintos espacios y públicos, y de estudiar su relación con la densidad de la palabra. El trabajo muestra la utilidad de incorporar las variables vinculadas con la configuración estructural del texto dramático en intervenciones para extraer conclusiones sobre el ritmo y el tempo. This paper analyses eleven of Calderón de la Barca’s palatine comedies and examines their word density in relation to Lope de Vega’s palatine comedies that are included in the database and digital library ARTELOPE. The existing information in CATCOM about seventeenth-century performances of Calderón de la Barca’s palatine comedies is examined in order to evaluate their reception in the different spaces and audiences, and to study their connection with word density. The article shows the usefulness of incorporating variables, which are linked to the structural configuration in turns characteristic of the dramatic text, with the aim of establishing conclusions about rhythm and tempo.
Abstract
Este artículo analiza once comedias palatinas de Calderón de la Barca y estudia su densidad de la palabra en relación con los datos sobre las comedias palatinas de Lope [...]
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Modalidades de la comedia palatina en la dramaturgia de Calderón: unas calas
F. Antonucci

ACal (2021). Vol. 14, (1), 9

Abstract
Tras un breve repaso de la historia crítica sobre el género, nos proponemos trazar un mapa que nos ayude a movernos con mayor seguridad por la producción palatina de Calderón, sin olvidar —en los límites de lo posible— una visión diacrónica. Se deslindan dos modalidades básicas de intriga (una centrada en los deseos amorosos, a menudo ilegítimos, de un poderoso; otra centrada en disfraces y ocultaciones de identidad); se examinan los puntos de contacto entre comedias palatinas, novelescas, caballerescas; se proponen algunos ejemplos de análisis de la relación serio/cómico. After a brief review of the criticism about the genre, we propose to draw a map that will help us move more confidently through Calderón’s palatine production, without forgetting —as far as possible— a diachronic vision. Two basic forms of intrigue are delimited (one focused on the loving, often illegitimate, wishes of a powerful man; the other focused on disguises and conceals of identity). The points of contact between palatine, novelesque, and chivalric comedies are examined; some examples of analysis of the serious/comic relationship are proposed.
Abstract
Tras un breve repaso de la historia crítica sobre el género, nos proponemos trazar un mapa que nos ayude a movernos con mayor seguridad por la producción palatina de Calderón, [...]
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El tratamiento de la amistad y el poder en «Amigo, amante y leal», de Calderón, frente a otras comedias palatinas
D. Gavela García

ACal (2021). Vol. 14, (1), 8

Abstract
Merece cierta atención el modo en que se articulan la intersección temática y genérica que parece darse en las comedias de amistad. En este trabajo, a través del análisis de las figuras del poderoso y de los nobles subalternos, nos proponemos mostrar cómo se imbrican las relaciones de amistad y de poder en varias comedias de Calderón y Tirso de Molina, partiendo de aquella que ha sido señalada como emblemática en este subgénero temático: la calderoniana Amigo, amante y leal. ¿Retratan las comedias la amistad entre los poderosos y quien les sirve, cumpliéndose la «difuminación de las desigualdades sociales» propia del género o la amistad está reservada solo para iguales? ¿Muestran las comedias palatinas una amistad sin fisuras que nace de la integridad moral o hay espacio para protagonistas que se mueven por otros intereses? ¿Influye el comportamiento del poderoso y del protagonista en la catalogación de la comedia? The thematic and generic intersection that seems to occur in friendship comedies deserves to devote some attention to the way they are articulated. In this work, through the analysis of the characters of the powerful and of the subordinate nobles, we propose to show how the relations of friendship and power are interwoven in various comedies by Calderón and Tirso de Molina, starting from the one that has been indicated as emblematic in this thematic subgenre, the Calderonian Amigo, amante y leal. Do comedies portray friendship between the powerful and those who serve them, fulfilling the «blurring of social inequalities» characteristic of the genre, or is friendship reserved only for equals? Do palatine comedies show a seamless friendship that is born of moral integrity or is there room for protagonists who are moved by other interests? Does the behavior of the powerful and the protagonist influence the cataloging of the comedy?
Abstract
Merece cierta atención el modo en que se articulan la intersección temática y genérica que parece darse en las comedias de amistad. En este trabajo, a través del análisis [...]
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La construcción metateatral de «Las manos blancas no ofenden» de Calderón
A. Núñez Sepúlveda

ACal (2021). Vol. 14, (1), 7

Abstract
El artículo ofrece un estudio de la dimensión metateatral de la comedia palatina de Calderón Las manos blancas no ofenden (c. 1640). Tras algunas definiciones teóricas, se analiza la estructura del texto mediante el examen de los diversos procedimientos metateatrales presentes en él, y se utilizan, además, nociones como la técnica del disfraz, el «conocimiento superior del público» y la «ironía dramática». A partir de eso, se propone una estratificación de la obra en cuatro niveles de representación y simulación. Finalmente se señalan los efectos especulares que produciría la comedia en el contexto de su representación coetánea. The paper offers a study of the metatheatrical dimension of Calderón’s «comedia palatina» Las manos blancas no ofenden (c. 1640). After some theoretical definitions, the structure of the text is analyzed through the examination of several metatheatrical devices and the use of notions such as the technique of disguise, the «superior audience awareness» and «dramatic irony». Based on that, it is proposed a stratification of the play in four levels of representation and simulation. Finally, the specular effects that the comedy would produce in the context of its contemporary representation are pointed out.
Abstract
El artículo ofrece un estudio de la dimensión metateatral de la comedia palatina de Calderón Las manos blancas no ofenden (c. 1640). Tras algunas definiciones teóricas, [...]
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