Documents published in 2015 : Scipedia

E-books in university libraries: resources, services and 20 key areas for development
J. Merlo-Vega

Anuario ThinkEPI (2015). Vol. 9, 18

Abstract
This article describes the current e-books situation in Spanish university libraries, analyzing their distribution and access models. The five stages of an e-book library service are described: selection, acquisition, processing, access and evaluation. The specific aspects that should be taken into account in each phase are explained, and illustrated with some examples.
Abstract
This article describes the current e-books situation in Spanish university libraries, analyzing their distribution and access models. The five stages of an e-book library [...]
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Games: an opportunity that we must seize
A. Calderón-Rehecho

Anuario ThinkEPI (2015). Vol. 9, 17

Abstract
A literature review revealed that games offer many advantages that games have for learning, developing skills, being creative, solving problems, interacting... In addition, games are a great opportunity for the library and information worlds, particularly for information literacy, that should not be missed. Their importance has been known for many years, but more recently they are being revalued with the current trend of gamification, i.e, the application of games to make various activities more enjoyable and more effective, especially training activities. The new technologies have enabled the development of video games that add much more value to gaming, such as the possibility of assessing and ranking our skills.
Abstract
A literature review revealed that games offer many advantages that games have for learning, developing skills, being creative, solving problems, interacting... In addition, [...]
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Moving away from library-centrism: 7 ideas for using YouTube in the library
J. Leiva-Aguilera

Anuario ThinkEPI (2015). Vol. 9, 16

Abstract
YouTube is the world’s third most popular internet search engine, and second in search volume, in addition to being the fastest-growing video format and the one that big social web platforms are betting on. Internet users solve many of their needs by learning from the content of videos posted by other users or organizations in that format. In this context, libraries have both an opportunity and the obligation to respond. Increasingly, many librarians are venturing into the world of video, but in most cases they do it from a bibliocentric perspective rather than a focus on the user’s needs or end goals. The text shows examples of uses and offers some suggestions for improvement.
Abstract
YouTube is the world’s third most popular internet search engine, and second in search volume, in addition to being the fastest-growing video format and the one that big [...]
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Youth libraries: overcoming an inherited cliché
R. Lozano-Díaz

Anuario ThinkEPI (2015). Vol. 9, 15

Abstract
With the failure of school libraries in Spain and public libraries that are more targeted to adult patrons, it seems that the library authorities have forgotten about services to adolescents. The specific needs of young people aged between 14 and 18 years are not being met. It is proposed that the successful information commons (or resource centers for learning and research, as they are known in Spain) of the universities be made available to non-college youth through cooperation agreements with public administration.
Abstract
With the failure of school libraries in Spain and public libraries that are more targeted to adult patrons, it seems that the library authorities have forgotten about services [...]
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Social dimensions of public libraries
A. D'Alòs-Moner, A. Bailac, H. Hernández-Sánchez

Anuario ThinkEPI (2015). Vol. 9, 14

Abstract
Public libraries have been social since their inception (they were created to meet a social need), because of their nature (they exist to serve citizens and the society), their roles and objectives (to inform, to train, and to share, create and socialize knowledge), and the values they promote (liberty, equality, democracy and non-discrimination). The complexities of today’s society, and especially the consequences of the economic crisis that began more than eight years ago, very directly affect the need to consider and recognize, beyond doubt, the social dimension of public libraries. They strengthen social cohesion and inclusion, as well as increase collaboration with other stakeholders. In this context, a team composed of librarians and experts from the third sector has created the Social Library Foundation (in Spanish, Fundación Biblioteca Social, FBS). The main objectives are to highlight the social role of public libraries, empower public libraries to carry out more projects targeting the most vulnerable people, and help the third sector to see public libraries as their allies.
Abstract
Public libraries have been social since their inception (they were created to meet a social need), because of their nature (they exist to serve citizens and the society), [...]
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Trends in university digital libraries
J. Pastor-Sánchez

Anuario ThinkEPI (2015). Vol. 9, 13

Abstract
University libraries are a key nucleus of efforts to implement innovative information technologies. In the last two decades many services have been created under the “digital library” umbrella. In this environment, the integration of tools such as digital repositories, discovery tools or e-book loan platforms converge with the principles of open access and open data. This is a situation in which the efficiency of integrating different systems and solutions prevails, as opposed to the traditional single systems that include a lot of functions.
Abstract
University libraries are a key nucleus of efforts to implement innovative information technologies. In the last two decades many services have been created under the “digital [...]
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Democratizing reading recommendations
F. Juárez-Urquijo

Anuario ThinkEPI (2015). Vol. 9, 12

Abstract
Walking into a library to borrow a book has an expiration date. With digital loans, we will not be going to the library for books, but we still may go for a recommendation or an experience of shared reading. Knowing what our users are looking for, discussing and recommending, and using that information to offer a more personalized reading service, is vital for the future of ebook streaming services. Librarians need readers to create book collections that improve the user’s experience, and need to do our best to create an affective bond between the reader, the book and the library that brought them together.
Abstract
Walking into a library to borrow a book has an expiration date. With digital loans, we will not be going to the library for books, but we still may go for a recommendation [...]
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Discovery services based on a central index: their expansion in Spanish academic libraries and future research lines
L. Rodríguez-Yunta

Anuario ThinkEPI (2015). Vol. 9, 11

Abstract
Discovery services constitute an element of innovation and modernization for university and research libraries. In recent years their presence has become strong in Spain, with the new generation of these systems, commonly referred to as web-scale discovery services, although it is more meaningful to categorize them as index-based discovery services. The multinational companies ProQuest and Ebsco are especially competing in the dissemination of this model, as they integrate information retrieval software with the bibliographic databases they distribute. The reasons for the success of these services are evaluated, with their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the research lines they are generating.
Abstract
Discovery services constitute an element of innovation and modernization for university and research libraries. In recent years their presence has become strong in Spain, [...]
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Consortial purchasing, big deals, publisher concentration, open access and the scientific communication circuit
L. Anglada

Anuario ThinkEPI (2015). Vol. 9, 10

Abstract
Digital technology led to the emergence of a new economic model for scientific journals: consortial purchasing. This has been a breakthrough, providing library users widespread access to scientific information. In addition, the transition from individual paper subscriptions to electronic joint purchases has meant significant savings in processing costs for libraries. Nonetheless, consortium purchasing is not without problems: cost of journals continues to increase above the CPI, consortial agreements with publishers are inflexible, and pricing models become obsolete as time passes. In this state of impasse, open access appeared (and remains) on the scene, based on the powerful idea that information will be more useful the more easily it flows between its users. On the other hand, academic and research reputations have long been based on cumulated research citations: this is the “original sin” of the current scientific communication system, and until somebody figures out how to build an alternative system our high dependence on journals will persist.
Abstract
Digital technology led to the emergence of a new economic model for scientific journals: consortial purchasing. This has been a breakthrough, providing library users widespread [...]
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La profesión desde las antípodas: Australia diseña su futuro en ByD
D. Gil-Solés

Anuario ThinkEPI (2015). Vol. 9, 9

Abstract
Reseña
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Los bibliotecarios enlace: avanzar hacia el éxito
A. Rovira

Anuario ThinkEPI (2015). Vol. 9, 8

Abstract
Reseña
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Más luz sobre el rol de contenidos abiertos y moocs en la educación superior del s. XXI
T. Sancho

Anuario ThinkEPI (2015). Vol. 9, 7

Abstract
Reseñas
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DigComp or the necessary adaptation to the common reference framework in digital skills
N. González-Fernández-Villavicencio

Anuario ThinkEPI (2015). Vol. 9, 6

Abstract
The need for digital skills is a major concern of educators and institutions that carry out training programs. In 2013, after several initiatives that attempted to define digital skills characteristics, the European Commission published a proposal for a common framework for digital competences, identifying five areas with a total of 21 skills. This framework is gradually gaining acceptance and is taken as a reference in many European educational initiatives. In Spain, use of the framework by the Instituto Nacional de Tecnologías Educativas y de Formación del Profesorado (Intefp) of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport is highlighted.
Abstract
The need for digital skills is a major concern of educators and institutions that carry out training programs. In 2013, after several initiatives that attempted to define [...]
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Notes for a debate on information literacy and personality traits
G. Navarro

Anuario ThinkEPI (2015). Vol. 9, 5

Abstract
Among the competence dimensions involved in digital literacy, the emotional dimension has to do with learning to control negative emotions, developing empathy and building a digital identity characterized by affective-personal balance in the use of information and communication technologies (ICT). We know that, depending on their personality traits, individuals act differently when faced with information behaviours. The question raised is to what extent the psychological characteristics of the recipients are included in a specific strategy of information literacy, considering that intrinsic motivation and attitude of the participants constitute an essential aspect of these learning processes. Studies on personality traits and informational behaviour, such as that carried out by Heinström, guide us in this regard. The proposal to include simple, brief personality tests, using ICT applications or social networks, would allow us to know beforehand the personality traits of participants in an information literacy program, adapt it to their characteristics, and improve its effectiveness.
Abstract
Among the competence dimensions involved in digital literacy, the emotional dimension has to do with learning to control negative emotions, developing empathy and building [...]
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On university programmes and market demand
J. Moreiro-González

Anuario ThinkEPI (2015). Vol. 9, 4

Abstract
Two closely related aspects of the information and documentation sector -university education and labour market- are discussed. We consider the equivalencies and transferability of previous courses and degrees for credit towards the Information and Documentation degree, and some possible effects of the new three-year degrees. In relation to the labour market in our sector, we discuss the opacity of our contribution to the digital content economy. Summarized in tables, the most striking results of our analysis of employment and unemployment rates and types of job openings posted in information and documentation in 2014 are presented and discussed.
Abstract
Two closely related aspects of the information and documentation sector -university education and labour market- are discussed. We consider the equivalencies and transferability [...]
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Novena edición del Anuario ThinkEPI
T. Baiget, I. Olea

Anuario ThinkEPI (2015). Vol. 9, 3

Abstract
Los
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Sumario
-. ThinkEPI

Anuario ThinkEPI (2015). Vol. 9, 2
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Mixed stabilized finite element methods in nonlinear solid mechanics. Part III: Compressible and incompressible plasticity
M. Cervera, M. Chiumenti, L. Benedetti, R. Codina

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2015). (preprint) Vol. 285, pp. 752-775

Abstract
This paper presents the application of a stabilized mixed strain/displacement finite element formulation for the solution of nonlinear solid mechanics problems involving compressible and incompressible plasticity. The variational multiscale stabilization introduced allows the use of equal order interpolations in a consistent way. Such formulation presents two advantages when compared to the standard, displacement based, irreducible formulation: (a) it provides enhanced rate of convergence for the strain (and stress) field and (b) it is able to deal with incompressible situations. The first advantage also applies to the comparison with the mixed pressure/displacement formulation. The paper investigates the effect of the improved strain and stress fields in problems involving strain softening and localization leading to failure, using low order finite elements with continuous strain and displacement fields (P1P1 triangles or tetrahedra and Q1Q1quadrilaterals, hexahedra, and triangular prisms) in conjunction with an associative frictional Drucker–Prager plastic model. The performance of the strain/displacement formulation under compressible and nearly incompressible deformation patterns is assessed and compared to a previously proposed pressure/displacement formulation. Benchmark numerical examples show the capacity of the mixed formulation to predict correctly failure mechanisms with localized patterns of strain, virtually free from any dependence of the mesh directional bias. No auxiliary crack tracking technique is necessary.
Abstract
This paper presents the application of a stabilized mixed strain/displacement finite element formulation for the solution of nonlinear solid mechanics problems involving compressible [...]
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A mixed three-field FE formulation for stress accurate analysis including the incompressible limit
M. Chiumenti, M. Cervera, R. Codina

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2015). (preprint) Vol. 238, pp. 1095-1116

Abstract
In previous works, the authors have presented the stabilized mixed displacement/pressure formulation to deal with the incompressibility constraint. More recently, the authors have derived stable mixed stress/displacement formulations using linear/linear interpolations to enhance stress accuracy in both linear and non-linear problems. In both cases, the Variational Multi Scale (VMS) stabilization technique and, in particular, the Orthogonal Subgrid Scale (OSS) method allows the use of linear/linear interpolations for triangular and tetrahedral elements bypassing the strictness of the inf–sup condition on the choice of the interpolation spaces. These stabilization procedures lead to discrete problems which are fully stable, free of volumetric locking or stress oscillations. This work exploits the concept of mixed finite element methods to formulate stable displacement/stress/pressure finite elements aimed for the solution of nonlinear problems for both solid and fluid finite element (FE) analyses. The final goal is to design a finite element technology able to tackle simultaneously problems which may involve isochoric behavior (preserve the original volume) of the strain field together with high degree of accuracy of the stress field. These two features are crucial in nonlinear solid and fluid mechanics, as used in most numerical simulations of industrial manufacturing processes. Numerical benchmarks show that the results obtained compare very favorably with those obtained with the corresponding mixed displacement/pressure formulation.
Abstract
In previous works, the authors have presented the stabilized mixed displacement/pressure formulation to deal with the incompressibility constraint. More recently, [...]
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Information Literacy Grade of Secondary School Teachers in Spain - Beliefs and Self-Perceptions
J. Álvarez, M. Gisbert Cervera

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (2), 40

Abstract
Information Literacy is one of the dimensions of digital competence and, in today’s information and media-based society, it should be a skill that everyone develops, especially secondary school teachers due to their influence on this crucial stage of student development. In this investigation we aim to determine the current level of information literacy of secondary school teachers in Spain. For this purpose we have designed a questionnaire (n=2,656) which is divided into two parts: the first asks questions related to belief and self-perception of information literacy indicators, and the second presents practical cases in which the teachers have to demonstrate their skills in information literacy. The results confirm that the beliefs of secondary school teachers show rather high values but that, even if the level of information literacy that the teachers have is acceptable, there are certain aspects of the indicators related to assessment, management and transformation of information in which the teachers display serious shortcomings. This highlights the need to establish a training plan for information literacy for the secondary school teachers in Spain.
Abstract
Information Literacy is one of the dimensions of digital competence and, in today’s information and media-based society, it should be a skill that everyone develops, especially [...]
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Telecommunication Industry Contributions to Child Online Protection
M. Recalde Viana, C. Sádaba Chalezquer, E. Gutiérrez García

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (2), 39

Abstract
The technological landscape in relation to the minors presents numerous challenges facing the telecommunication industry, with families and schools. However, academic literature still remains silence in showing the strategic policies that the industry is managing in order to address these challenges. Therefore, this article has two aims: to provide an overview of the state of the art in order to present the main findings of the child protection policies in international telecom companies (17), stressing the analysis regarding their products and services and how do they manage the collaboration with key stakeholders. Research was conducted using qualitative methodology: CSR reports and websites of the companies were analysed in order to define what are their strategic actions, as well as the individuals and institutions that collaborate with. The findings show interesting insights, even with some differences by regions, among the most significant policies pursued by the sector are: self-regulation, product innovation regarding protection tools and a network of collaborations with stakeholders have been established, as an opportunity for facilitating new policies and strategies. In conclusion, telecom industry needs to integrate their policies regarding minor protection, promoting an integral management approach that comprises not only product development but also strengthen relationships with the main stakeholders as parents and institutions.
Abstract
The technological landscape in relation to the minors presents numerous challenges facing the telecommunication industry, with families and schools. However, academic literature [...]
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Children's Exposure to Advertising on Games Sites in Brazil and Spain
D. Marti Pellón, P. Saunders Uchôa-Craveiro

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (2), 38

Abstract
The online space is rich in playful experiences and can provide many pleasures and lessons to their younger users. However, it is true that children cannot always handle the advertising noise and other adverse effects resulting from excessive or inappropriate use of technology and particularly the game pages. This article aims to confirm the advertising pressure that affects children in Brazil and Spain when playing on Internet game pages. Measuring advertising pressure in online games by the theoretical and methodological framework for content analysis applied to the game pages visited by a group of Brazilian and Spanish children 9 to 11 years. This research showed that online games are occupied by a considerable amount of publicity, which repeatedly blocks access and disrupts key moments of young players with unwanted or not interesting messages. Like in television programming we must put more attention on quality and the amount of ads in online playing. So if there is a concern with the commercial content of children's programming on television similar reasons demand prompt and adequate attention to those games pages. Abusive ads damage advertiser’s reputation, affects gaming experiences and disturb the playtime. Game managers, advertisers, educators and families may use children opinions that are actually successful.
Abstract
The online space is rich in playful experiences and can provide many pleasures and lessons to their younger users. However, it is true that children cannot always handle the [...]
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ICT Use and Parental Mediation Perceived by Chilean Children
L. Berríos Valenzuela, M. Buxarrais Estrada, M. Garcés

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (2), 37

Abstract
The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has extended to all contexts of our lives in the last few years, modifying our communication, learning, entertainment and socialization habits. The aim of the present research is to investigate about primary-age children's habits with these tools, as well as these children's perception of parental mediation in this area. In this study we used an ex post facto descriptive methodology by survey. A questionnaire was applied for data recollection to 422 children of private schools in Santiago de Chile aged between 9 and 12 years old. The results point to an early access to electronic devices and the transversal and homogeneous use during childhood. There is no doubt that ICTs play an active role in daily life for most of these children. No significant differences in age or sex were detected in our study, but we encountered risky behaviours in how children use ICTs and in their perception of parental mediation. The complexity becomes more evident the more time they have with electronic devices connected to the Internet without adult supervision. This finding raises the need for the application of intervention programs on parental mediation of children's use of ICTs in order to promote a safe, responsible and ethical use of these tools.
Abstract
The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has extended to all contexts of our lives in the last few years, modifying our communication, learning, entertainment [...]
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Primary Teachers' Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge
R. Roig Villa, S. Mengual Andrés, P. Quinto Medrano

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (2), 36

Abstract
The emergence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) poses new educational challenges for teachers, to which it can respond from a consistent training model. This study has as its aim to analyze the technological, pedagogical and content knowledge needed for Primary Education teachers to integrate ICTs into teaching. A research work based on a quantitative non-experimental methodology which involved 224 Preschool and Primary Education teachers working in the province of Alicante (Spain) was performed with that aim. The important results showed that teachers are more knowledgeable in the pedagogical and content fields than in technology, which means that their level of technological knowledge does not suffice to integrate ICTs into their teaching tasks. Significant differences were additionally identified between gender and years of experience, together with the relationship between the fun use of technology and the knowledge of its essential aspects. Our findings confirm the need for a digital literacy campaign addressed to teachers, involving not only a technological type of training but also an overall pedagogical and content approach. This is in keeping with the TPACK model (Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge), which appears as a reference framework to be taken into account when it comes to teachers’ professional development and its connection with the teaching-learning processes in the classroom wherever Information and Communication Technologies are present.
Abstract
The emergence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) poses new educational challenges for teachers, to which it can respond from a consistent training model. [...]
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Spanish Journalists and the Loss of News Quality: Professional Judgements
J. Gómez Mompart, J. Gutiérrez Lozano, D. Palau Sampio

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (2), 35

Abstract
This article discusses the opinions of Spanish journalists on the quality of their professional work and how it is being affected by the current economic, technological, commercial and professional context. The results are based on a questionnaire in which 363 Spanish journalists participated, all with a minimum of three years experience. Their answers reflect on the structure and behavior of media companies and current production of news. The article specifically focuses on exposing the journalists’ opinions on the quality of their work. The results show that 81% of the participants state that standards of quality in journalistic production has deteriorated. This deterioration is believed to be connected to the effect of the economic struggles in the sector. They suggested that the principle motives of this decline lie in the lack of economic and political independence, a lack of private investment and in the problems caused by technological changes. These situations all fall into the context of a precarious labor market within the sector. The article also links the results with academic works that have analyzed the quality of journalism over recent years. It offers, for the first time in the Spanish academic context, the Spanish journalists’ own point of view on these issues.
Abstract
This article discusses the opinions of Spanish journalists on the quality of their professional work and how it is being affected by the current economic, technological, commercial [...]
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ICT Leadership in Higher Education: A Multiple Case Study in Colombia
G. Cifuentes Álvarez, R. Vanderlinde

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (2), 34

Abstract
In this paper we analyze ICT integration in higher education institutions focusing on the leadership practices of ICT policies, a research field that has not received much attention in higher education studies. An empirical study was carried out using a distributed leadership approach to analyze such practice in higher education institutions in Colombia, a country where a national ICT policy has steered and promoted ICT policy plans. In particular, the inquiry attempted to understand how the leadership of ICT is distributed in different higher education environments. Through a multiple case study, that included semi-structured interviews with leaders and team members, focus groups with professors, document analysis and a survey applied to faculty members ICT leadership practices and their implications were investigated. The results indicate a set of struggles that leaders have to cope with when deploying an ICT policy plan, for instance, coping with a lack of institutional regulations, and fostering educational change despite reluctance. Indeed, ICT leadership is a challenging and underexplored practice in higher education. This paper is a systematic attempt to demonstrate this statement and its implications. These findings are of particular relevance for the work of policy makers, ICT coordinators and leaders in higher education around the world.
Abstract
In this paper we analyze ICT integration in higher education institutions focusing on the leadership practices of ICT policies, a research field that has not received much [...]
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Mexican Children and American Cartoons: Foreign References in Animation
E. Cornelio Marí

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (2), 33

Abstract
This audience study explores how a group of children from Southeast Mexico, perceive the animated cartoon «Dexter’s Laboratory». The objective is to observe the ways in which a young local audience, still in the process of building its cultural identity, perceives an American television program. A qualitative approach was applied: 44 children between 8 and 11 years old participated in a series of semi-structured interviews and focus groups, which took place in a provincial city in Mexico (Villahermosa, Tabasco). In each session, the participants watched an episode of the cartoon dubbed into Latin Spanish. Afterwards, it was assessed if they were able to notice cultural elements present in the series (texts in English, traditions, ways of life, symbols, etc.), which are different from their own culture. It was also observed if age, gender and social background had any impact on the degree of awareness. The results showed that most of the participants were aware of beingthat they were watching a foreign program, that they could recognize elements of American culture and that they applied diverse strategies to make sense of these foreign narratives. Older children, and those studying English as a second language, were able to make more sophisticated comparisons between the cultures of Mexico and the United States.
Abstract
This audience study explores how a group of children from Southeast Mexico, perceive the animated cartoon «Dexter’s Laboratory». The objective is to observe the ways in [...]
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University Teaching with Digital Technologies
C. Marcelo García, C. Yot Domínguez, C. Mayor Ruiz

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (2), 32

Abstract
This research aims to analyze the level of use of technology by university teachers. We are interested by the frequency of their use in designing the teaching-learning process. The research questions were: what types of learning activities which include are designed by university teachers? What types of technologies do teachers use in the design of their instruction? What is the level of use of digital technologies in the learning designs? To respond to these issues, we designed an inventory of activities of learning technologies at the university which was completed by 941 Andalusian teachers. We have identified the type and frequency of use of technology by university lecturers in their different fields at the same time as studying learning activities that predominate in their learning designs. The results, first of all, reveal a poor integration of ICT in the teaching-learning processes which are, essentially, the teacher-centered learning activities. Secondly, we have identified four profiles which differentiate between d teachers depending on their level of use of ICT. The profile comprising an increased number of teachers makes making reference to the rare use of technology. There are teachers who use technology sparingly, and this is a very small range.
Abstract
This research aims to analyze the level of use of technology by university teachers. We are interested by the frequency of their use in designing the teaching-learning process. [...]
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The framework of Media Education and Media Criticism in the Contemporary World: The opinion of International Experts
A. Fedorov, A. Levitskaya

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (2), 31

Abstract
The article analyzes the results of the international survey «Synthesis of Media Literacy Education and Media Criticism in the Modern World», conducted by the authors in May-July 2014. 64 media educators, media critics, and researchers in the field of media education and media culture participated in the survey, representing 18 countries: the USA, the UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Germany, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Finland, Greece, Cyprus, Hungary, Ukraine, Serbia, Turkey, and Russia. Analysis of the data shows that the international expert community on the whole shares the view that the synthesis of media education and media criticism is not only possible, but also necessary, especially in terms of effectively developing the audience’s critical thinking skills. However, only 9.4% of the experts believe that media critics' texts are used in media literacy education classes in their countries to a large extent. Approximately one-third (34.4% of the polled experts) believe that this is happening at a moderate level, and about the same number (32.8%) believe that this is happening to a small extent. Consequently, media education and media criticism have a lot to work to do to make their synthesis really effective in the modern world.
Abstract
The article analyzes the results of the international survey «Synthesis of Media Literacy Education and Media Criticism in the Modern World», conducted by the authors in [...]
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Using Technology to Connect Generations: Some Considerations of Form and Function
M. Sánchez Martínez, M. Kaplan, L. Bradley

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (2), 30

Abstract
Nowadays, as ageing increases in Western societies it has become more evident that multiple generations are ageing concurrently at any given time in history. Therefore, ageing must be approached as a multi-generational phenomenon, not just as a question of elders. In this context, situations that engender increased interactions between generations are garnering more attention. There is a growing emphasis on expanding the role of technology in intergenerational programmes, within the field of intergenerational studies. Consequently, this paper is focused on education and learning processes within intergenerational programmes with a strong technology component. Information from a total of 46 intergenerational programmes from 11 countries has been gathered through a survey. Level of impact, status of generational groups, and centrality of technology have been appraised for all programmes in the sample. Technology learning-teaching constitute the main area of intended impact of these programmes. However, the surveyed programmes employ as well a wide range of strategies to facilitate intergenerational communication, cooperation and relationship formation between generations involved. Interest of programmes examined does not just consist of teaching the use technology but of experimenting with technology in different forms and functions and exploring the positive potential for enhancing intergenerational relationships
Abstract
Nowadays, as ageing increases in Western societies it has become more evident that multiple generations are ageing concurrently at any given time in history. Therefore, ageing [...]
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Design Patterns to Enhance Accessibility and Use of Social Applications for Older Adults
H. Luna García, R. Mendoza González, F. Álvarez Rodríguez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (2), 29

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present a non-exhaustive set of 36 design patterns for interactive social applications used by older adults. This proposal represents a reliable starting point for designers/developers to easily incorporate usability in interfaces for said technology promoting technology acceptance, use and adoption among older adults. The proposed patterns were based on previous efforts commonly presented as a design criteria and guidelines to describe usability issues in this kind of interfaces, reinforcing those alternatives by specifying related usability issues and providing solutions in a pattern-fashion useful for designers/developers. Pertinence of the patterns was analyzed through a usability study implementing «heuristic evaluation» technique (frequently used in Human-Computer Interaction to obtain users’ perception on a particular design). The study was conducted from two perspectives: the vantage point from experts, and the perception of a social group of older adults. The analysis revealed the proposed patterns are conducive to create well-designed interfaces able to provide a better user experience, encouraging a positive impact in the quality of life in older adults.
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present a non-exhaustive set of 36 design patterns for interactive social applications used by older adults. This proposal represents a reliable [...]
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EyeTracker Technology in Elderly People: How Integrated Television Content is Paid Attention to and Processed
E. Añaños Carrasco

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (2), 28

Abstract
Elderly people are major consumers of the media, especially of television, which combines conventional commercials with advertising formats included in the programme that do not break its continuity, unconventional advertising (UA). The aim of this study is to analyse how elderly adults, compared with young people, attend and process the information that appears on screen simultaneously (program and advertising). The study involved 30 elderly adults and 30 young adults. Attention to the TV screen (in terms of attention capture, heat maps and eye fixations) was analysed using the eye tracker technology. Content recognition, the level of psychological reactance to UA and channel-hopping behaviour were also analysed. The results show that the level of attention among the elderly does not differ from that of young people and depends on the integrated content. Recognition by the elderly is lower than among young people when the UA is of a high or medium level of intrusiveness. The psychological reactance of elderly adults is lower than that of young adults but both groups show the same behaviour in terms of loyalty to the television programme. The general conclusion is that cognitive ageing does not affect the capacity for attention to integrated content as much as it affects information processing skills.
Abstract
Elderly people are major consumers of the media, especially of television, which combines conventional commercials with advertising formats included in the programme that [...]
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A Mobile Augmented Reality Assistive Technology for the Elderly
R. Saracchini, C. Catalina Ortega, L. Bordoni

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (2), 27

Abstract
Modern technology offers many facilities, but elderly people are often unable to enjoy them fully because they feel discouraged or intimidated by modern devices, and hus become progressively isolated in a society where Internet communication and ICT knowledge are essential. In this paper we present a study performed during the Nacodeal Project, which aims to offer a technological solution that may improve elderly people's every day autonomy and life quality through the integration of ICTs. In order to achieve this goal, state-of-art Augmented Reality technology was developed along with carefully designed Internet services and interfaces for mobile devices. Such technology only requires the infrastructure which already exists in most residences and health-care centres. We present the design of a prototypical system consisting of a tablet and a wearable AR system, and the evaluation of its impact on the social interaction of its users as well its acceptance and usability. This evaluation was performed, through focus groups and individual pilot tests, on 48 participants that included elderly people, caregivers and experts. Their feedback leads us to the conclusion that there are significant benefits to be gained and much interest among the elderly in assistive AR-based ICTs, particularly in relation to the communication and autonomy that they may provide.
Abstract
Modern technology offers many facilities, but elderly people are often unable to enjoy them fully because they feel discouraged or intimidated by modern devices, and hus become [...]
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From Digital Divide to Psycho-digital Divide: Elders and Online Social Networks
B. Peral Peral, J. Arenas Gaitán, Á. Villarejo Ramos

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (2), 26

Abstract
The present study analyzes the evolution of the concept of the digital gap with the elderly from the perspective of active ageing and in the context of the use of online social networks as a communication instrument. We consider that socio-demographic variables are not enough to explain the elderly’s use or non-use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Psychological variables, such as cognitive age, technology anxiety and the level of adventurousness complement the former and can even explain more the elderly person’s behaviour regarding the use of online social networks. The results come from a sample of elderly people who are students of an Experience Classroom in a university. They allow us to confirm that our doubts about the stereotype of the elderly concerning the digital divide are correct and that the psychological variables serve to a greater extent to show the significant differences with respect to determining their profile. The elderly user of online social networks feels younger, experiences a lower level of technology anxiety and is more adventurous. In general, psychological characteristics therefore offer a more discriminant power than those that are socio-demographic. This is why we propose the concept of a psycho-digital divide.
Abstract
The present study analyzes the evolution of the concept of the digital gap with the elderly from the perspective of active ageing and in the context of the use of online social [...]
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New Elders, Old Divides: ICTs, Inequalities and Well Being amongst Young Elderly Italians
F. Colombo, P. Aroldi, S. Carlo

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (2), 25

Abstract
When compared to more digitized western countries, Italy seems to have suffered a delay of ten years, in both the use of ICTs by the elderly and the study of the relation between elderly people, ICTs and ageing. Considering this time lapse, it is now urgent that we question the factors that influence the adoption of ICTs by the elderly and whether ICTs can provide cultural and relational resources that could improve the quality of life of elderly in terms of health and social life. This article describes the main findings of a survey carried out as part of a larger national research project focused on active ageing, which involved 900 Italian people aged between 65 and 74 years of age. The research investigate socio-demographic characteristics of young elderly Italian Internet users and factors related to their use of ICTs. Results have shown that there is a strong digital divide between young elderly Italians, which is primarly influenced –in terms of classical dynamics– by differences in economic, social and cultural capital. With regard to the theme of active ageing, if it is true that highly digitalized young elders are generally characterized by good health, at the present stage of this research it is not possible to indicate whether the adoption of ICTs guarantees social inclusion and participation.
Abstract
When compared to more digitized western countries, Italy seems to have suffered a delay of ten years, in both the use of ICTs by the elderly and the study of the relation [...]
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Active Ageing and Access to Technology: An Evolving Empirical Study
R. Casado Muñoz, F. Lezcano Barbero, M. Rodríguez Conde

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (2), 24

Abstract
Researchers' interest in seeing the benefits of Internet in elderly people is now growing. The network helps this group to increase communication, avoid isolation and loneliness and to age actively. Europe decided 2012 to be the Year of Active ageing. This paper presents a descriptive study of time series analysis carried out between 2004 and 2012 with the aim of knowing how the evolution in the level, motives and needs of the use of computers and Internet by elderly people in an environment of university training focused on health and life quality is. To obtain results a question paper is to be handed out to a sample of 419 people aged between 55 and 94 and taking part in the «Inter-university Programs of Experiences» from the University of Burgos. The obtained results match up with previous studies that pointed a noticeable increase in the use of the Internet (in frequency, number of users and resources) caused by elderly people's desire to keep active, up-to-date and communicated, as well as their need to continue their learning process through tools linked to the network. Here some suggestions focused on the improvement elderly people's formation and future research on the perception of the Internet as a tool for social participation.
Abstract
Researchers' interest in seeing the benefits of Internet in elderly people is now growing. The network helps this group to increase communication, avoid isolation and loneliness [...]
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Internet and the Elderly: Enhancing Active Ageing
C. Llorente Barroso, M. Viñarás Abad, M. Sánchez Valle

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (2), 23

Abstract
Global ageing has led European and international organizations to develop programs for active ageing, in order to reconstruct the role of the elderly in society. Active ageing includes social communication aspects which have been the subject of less research than other more pressing ones linked to physical and economic characteristics. This research is centered on these communication variables; it addresses the link between the elderly and Internet, and has two main objectives: to discover how useful Internet is for this age group, and to explain the potential this medium has for active ageing. To do so, a qualitative methodology is used based on three discussion groups, each made up of four or five people between the ages of 56 and 81, led by an expert moderator. The results of the qualitative content analysis of each discussion indicate that the Internet is a source of opportunities for the elderly, and this potential may be divided into four categories: Information, communication, transactions and administration, together with leisure and entertainment. This potential improves the quality of life for the elderly and contributes to their active ageing. However, to maximize this, e-inclusion programs and methodologies are needed to make the Internet user-friendlier for the elderly and provide them with training in digital skills.
Abstract
Global ageing has led European and international organizations to develop programs for active ageing, in order to reconstruct the role of the elderly in society. Active ageing [...]
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Use, Consumption and Knowledge of New Technologies by Elderly People in France, United Kingdom and Spain
C. González Oñate, C. Fanjul Peyró, F. Cabezuelo Lorenzo

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (2), 22

Abstract
Our population is ageing very quickly. This increase is added to the rapid, exponential breakthrough of new technologies in our everyday lives. These two factors are generating great interest and many studies have been published on how information technology and communication simultaneously exist in ageing western societies. This paper analyses the main habits of use and consumption of new technologies by older people, in particular, the level of knowledge and their level of education. The purpose is to analyse whether the technological skills of our elderly are sufficient, as well as to know if the audio-visual resources are appropriate. This study wants to know if the ageing society is prepared to handle everything the internet has to offer. This study has taken place in three countries of the European Union: the United Kingdom, France and Spain. An attempt is made to generate comparisons and conclusions that help to increase the opportunities and to take on challenges of our current digital society. This study has used a methodology based on surveys which collect information on the use and habits in the three countries and the level of media literacy, as well as the interest of our elderly in training in new technologies.
Abstract
Our population is ageing very quickly. This increase is added to the rapid, exponential breakthrough of new technologies in our everyday lives. These two factors are generating [...]
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Uses and Gratifications of Computers in South African Elderly People
T. Bosch, B. Currin

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (2), 21

Abstract
Drawing on in-depth interviews conducted with residents at an old-aged home in Cape Town, South Africa, this study examines the main uses and gratifications elderly people get from computers. While the research focus in Africa has been on the health of elderly people, particularly with respect to HIV/AIDS, there is little research into their adoption of new technologies, as the research focus with respect to that topic has been primarily on youth. This study found that the participants use email and social media to maintain contact with family and friends outside of, and sometimes even within the neighborhood. Furthermore, keeping in contact involved not only communication, but also observation of activities - like news, photographs and discussions. Using a uses and gratifications framework, this study found that participants felt connected with society both through their communication with and observation of people, and through keeping themselves informed about news and current interest topics. By using the Internet the elderly people communicated with more people than they had before. Some of the participants felt less isolated and lonely because of their computer use. Nevertheless, use of computers did not weaken their interpersonal contact outside of computer use.
Abstract
Drawing on in-depth interviews conducted with residents at an old-aged home in Cape Town, South Africa, this study examines the main uses and gratifications elderly people [...]
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Generation Z's Teachers and their Digital Skills
F. Fernández Cruz, M. Fernández Díaz

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2016). Vol. 24, (1), 10

Abstract
The presence of technological resources in schools and the high performance of socalled «Technology Generation» or «Generation Z» students are not enough to develop students' digital competence. The primary key is determined by the technological and pedagogical skills of teachers. In this paper, we intend to analyze the level of ICT skills of teachers in primary and secondary establishing a competency framework adapted to the Spanish educational environment, using as a basis the standards established by UNESCO in 2008 and reformulated in the year 2011. For this purpose, a questionnaire was done to show the profile of ICT teacher training faculty of the sample (80 schools and 1,433 teachers in the Community of Madrid) to study the characteristics of better trained for the development of teachers was conducted Digital jurisdiction under the Ministry of Education of Spain. The study results show a significant difference between optimal ICT skills and the low skills that teachers really have to develop learning activities with technological tools for their students. Teachers’ digital skills are very important in the development of learning processes to introduce technologies as tools in the service of education, and this study will allow us to make decisions in policy formation and throughout early career teachers.
Abstract
The presence of technological resources in schools and the high performance of socalled «Technology Generation» or «Generation Z» students are not [...]
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The Ubiquitous Possibilities of the Laptop: Spanish University Students’ Perceptions
M. Sevillano García, M. Quicios García, J. González García

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2016). Vol. 24, (1), 9

Abstract
University classrooms have been taken over by a new type of student, the «plurimodalicts». This society is characterized by the different ways its students relate to ICTs. This article analyses where, how and for what a sample of 451 students from five Spanish public universities use their laptop computers. The study uses an incidental non-random cluster sample design. Data collection was conducted via questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale. The questionnaire was divided into three sections: computer use; location and frequency of use of the device; and laptop functions and applications. The study concludes that «plurimodalicts» use their laptops to produce academic work, as well as for exchanging class notes and searching for information. The distance or direct learning methodology and the respondent's gender also determine laptop use for academic tasks, which is greater at distance learning institutions and is more prevalent among women than men. These devices are mainly used at home and, in the case of the younger respondents, also in university libraries. The laptop functions vary according to age group, and the device is mostly used for gaming and as a study tool by the youngest students.
Abstract
University classrooms have been taken over by a new type of student, the «plurimodalicts». This society is characterized by the different ways its students relate to ICTs. [...]
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An Analysis of the Interaction Design of the Best Educational Apps for Children Aged Zero to Eight
L. Crescenzi Lanna, M. Grané Oró

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2016). Vol. 24, (1), 8

Abstract
The proliferation of mobile devices and their use by children of all ages raise issues among families and educators with regard to their quality and appropriateness. Given the absence of an industry standard or an official ratings system for children’s apps, specialist websites or blogs are frequently consulted when choosing apps. This article presents the results of a content analysis of the visual and interaction design features of 100 educational applications recommended by international experts for children from six months to eight years old. In addition, the adaptability of an application’s content to children was taken into account as a qualitative measurement. Four researchers participated in the definition of variables and the design of the observation instrument. This study focuses on child-computer interaction (HCI-CCI) from a pedagogical and developmental perspective, with the aim of discovering and promoting quality in mobile applications for children. The intention is to provide information on key criteria related to the design of applications for entertainment and learning. The results of the statistical analysis indicate a generally low-quality visual and interaction design in the sample group and content that mirrors problems in the school curriculum. Even applications with both content and design that are specifically targeted at children reveal issues that may impede user comprehension and interaction.
Abstract
The proliferation of mobile devices and their use by children of all ages raise issues among families and educators with regard to their quality and appropriateness. Given [...]
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Discriminatory Expressions, the Young and Social Networks: The Effect of Gender
D. Dueñas Cid, P. Pontón Merino, Á. Belzunegui Eraso, I. Pastor Gosálbez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2016). Vol. 24, (1), 7

Abstract
In the framework of the «Project I: CUD» (Internet: Creatively Unveiling Discrimination), carried out in the United Kingdom, Italy, Belgium, Romania and Spain, we conducted a study into the expressions of discrimination used by young people on social network sites (SNS). To do so we designed a methodological strategy for detecting discriminatory content in 493 Facebook profiles and used this strategy to collect 363 examples for further analysis. Our aims were to compile information on the various types of discriminatory content and how they function online in order to create tools and strategies that can be used by trainers, teachers and families to combat discrimination on the Internet. Through this study we have detected patterns between young men and young women that reveal that there is a feminine and a masculine way of behaving on the Internet and that there are different ways of expressing discrimination on SNS. Men tend to be more direct in their posting and sharing of messages. Their messages, which are also more clearly discriminatory, focus more on discrimination towards ethnic groups and cultural minorities. Women, on the other hand, tend to use indirect (reactive) discriminatory strategies with a less obvious discriminatory component that mainly focuses on sociocultural status and physical appearance.
Abstract
In the framework of the «Project I: CUD» (Internet: Creatively Unveiling Discrimination), carried out in the United Kingdom, Italy, Belgium, Romania and Spain, we conducted [...]
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The Influence of School Climate and Family Climate among Adolescents Victims of Cyberbullying
J. Ortega Barón, S. Buelga Vasquez, M. Cava Caballero

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2016). Vol. 24, (1), 6

Abstract
Cyberbullying is a phenomenon of growing social concern that affects an increasing number of children and adolescents from all the developed countries. Although there is a large body of literature on the relationships between school bullying and the family and school contexts, few studies have examined the influence of these social environments on the problem of cyberbullying. Using a quantitative methodology, the main objective of this study was to analyse the influence of the school and family contexts on victims of cyberbullying. The sample consisted of 1,062 Spanish adolescents (51.5% boys and 48.5% girls) from 11 to 18 years old (M=14.5; SD=1.62). Three comparison groups were formed: severe cyberbullying victims, moderate cyberbullying victims, and non-victims of cyberbullying. The results of the analysis of variance indicated that severe cyberbullying victims, compared to non-victims, scored significantly higher on family conflict and obtained lower scores on the remaining family (family self-concept, cohesion and expressive¬ness) and school (involvement, affiliation, and teacher support) variables considered in the study. Regression analyses revealed that academic and family self-concept and some dimensions of family and school climate predict cyber-victimization in adolescence. These new results point to the importance of including the family and the school in cyberbullying prevention programs.
Abstract
Cyberbullying is a phenomenon of growing social concern that affects an increasing number of children and adolescents from all the developed countries. Although there is a [...]
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Cyberactivism: A new form of participation for University Students
M. González Lizárraga, M. Becerra Traver, M. Yanez Díaz

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2016). Vol. 24, (1), 5

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to show the results derived from a sample of students who were enrolled in different bachelor degree programs offered by the University of Sonora in Mexico. There was a double objective for this study. First, to identify cyber activist students through the answers gathered through a questionnaire taken electronically using as inclusion criteria the presence of high and medium levels of participation and commitment in different actions undertaken in four topic areas (environment, academic, social and citizen issues, and human rights). As a second objective, and after selecting three unique cases of cyber activist students, inflexion points were determined in the activities performed by these youngsters in digital social networks. Using personal narrative as a methodological strategy, the students described how they interact with others through different digital networks. Among the first categories identified in the indepth interviews are: interaction history (use, access and availability of technology at a young age), and active participation about topics of interest in social networks (organization and the perceptions of achievements made). As main findings, there are the availability of these resources from a young age, personal motivation in participating in diverse topics, enjoyment of expressing one’s opinion freely, electronic participation as a way to commit to a cause, and not joining an organization while participating.
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to show the results derived from a sample of students who were enrolled in different bachelor degree programs offered by the University of Sonora [...]
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Online and Offline Pornography Consumption in Colombian Adolescents
R. Rivera, D. Santos Velasco, V. Cabrera García, M. Docal Millán

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2016). Vol. 24, (1), 4

Abstract
Mass media consumption has increased markedly in recent years. One unintended consequence of this increase is the proliferation of risky consumption, including online and offline pornography. Although the literature has noted a series of predictive variables (age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and family structure), recent studies have suggested including values and lifestyles as relevant factors in consumption decisions. The objective of the present study was to examine whether adolescents’ lifestyles were relevant predictors of the consumption of pornography both on the Internet and in magazines or videos. A cross-sectional observational study design that included a representative sample of 9,942 Colombian adolescents (Mage=14.93, SD=2.47) was used. To control the effects of sociodemographic, structural, and individual variables, their lifestyles were examined using a multiple regression analysis and mediation analysis. The results indicated that a positive intrafamilial style was associated with a reduction in the consumption of pornography; however, both a negative intrafamilial style and a relational independence style increased consumption. In addition, the study suggests that family relational styles can mediate the relationship between positive values and risky behavior both online and offline. Finally, we discuss the results from the relational perspective, including its application in media literacy programs.
Abstract
Mass media consumption has increased markedly in recent years. One unintended consequence of this increase is the proliferation of risky consumption, including online and [...]
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European Newspapers’ Digital Transition: New Products and New Audiences
S. Peña Fernández, I. Lazkano Arrillaga, D. García González

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2016). Vol. 24, (1), 3

Abstract
The adaptation of traditional newspapers to new digital media and its interface, far from being a mere technical transformation, has contributed to a gradual change in the media themselves and their audiences. With a sample including the top general information pay newspaper in each of the 28 countries of the European Union, this research has carried out an analysis using 17 indicators divided in 4 categories. The aim is to identify the transformations that the implementation of digital media have brought to the top European newspapers. In general terms, the results show that most dailies have managed to keep their leadership also in online environment. Moreover, an emerging group of global media is growing up, based in preexisting national media. Digital and mobile media have contributed to the appearance of new consumption habits as well, where users read more superficially and sporadically. The audience uses several formats at a time, and digital devices already bring the biggest amount of users to many media. The Internet-created new information windows –search engines, social networks, etc. –are also contributing to the change in professional work routines.
Abstract
The adaptation of traditional newspapers to new digital media and its interface, far from being a mere technical transformation, has contributed to a gradual change in the [...]
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Internet and Emotions: New Trends in an Emerging Field of Research
J. Serrano-Puche

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2016). Vol. 24, (1), 2

Abstract
Emotions have become increasingly important in our time, in all realms of social reality. This revaluation of the affective dimension of the person is revealed in its common presence as subject of research in many fields of knowledge. Also in Media and Communications studies, and specifically in relation to the use of digital technology, there is an academic interest in emotions. This paper maps the field of study where emotions and digital technology converge, specifically in the use of the Internet. There appears a vibrant, wide and complex field of study in which come together approaches of different types, both on the theoretical plane and on the methodological one. The article provides an overview of research carried out in this subject, which includes the study of social media as spaces of interaction where emotions are displayed, the massivescale emotional contagion or the sentiment analysis in the digital platforms, among other topics. We conclude that the Net not only arouses emotions in users and serves as a channel for the expression of affection, but also influences the way in which this affection is modulated and displayed, as well as the configuration of the personal identity of the users of the Internet.
Abstract
Emotions have become increasingly important in our time, in all realms of social reality. This revaluation of the affective dimension of the person is revealed in its common [...]
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Communicating in 140 Characters. How Journalists in Spain use Twitter
G. Arrabal Sánchez, M. de Aguilera Moyano

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2016). Vol. 24, (1), 1

Abstract
The emergence of Twitter appears to be changing information practices. Hence, a great deal of recent research is based on its popularity among communicators, reaching the conclusion that it serves to increase interactivity with readers. But to what degree is it true that it contributes to a type of journalism which is more open to the public? This research aims especially to clarify two main questions: what specific uses do journalists make of Twitter and to what extent does twoway interaction with the public take place through this medium? It is based on the quantitative analysis of a sample comprising almost 5 million tweets posted by 1,504 Spanish media communicators, perhaps the largest sample studied so far. The analysis shows the existence of a twospeed Twitter (with a minority of influential communicators and a majority who have little impact), which has negligible interaction with followers. With few exceptions, the communicators establish endogamous relationships on Twitter. They respond to mention and retweet colleagues, failing to take advantage of the multidirectional potential offered by the platform. This research expands the empirical basis which can be used to consider and discuss the scope and limits of user participation in information events. Many authors have theorized on this subject, perhaps too enthusiastically and arguably from a somewhat utopian perspective.
Abstract
The emergence of Twitter appears to be changing information practices. Hence, a great deal of recent research is based on its popularity among communicators, reaching the [...]
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Pedro Calderón de la Barca, «Céfalo y Pocris», introd. Enrica Cancelliere, ed. Ignacio Arellano, New York, IDEA/IGAS, 2013.
V. Roncero López

ACal (2015). Vol. 8, (1), 3
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José María Viña Liste (ed.), Pedro Calderón de la Barca, «Comedias, Sexta parte de comedias», Madrid, Biblioteca Castro, 2010.
J. Cuñado Landa

ACal (2015). Vol. 8, (1), 22
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Reviews Caplletra 58
A. diversos

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 24

Abstract
Reviews Caplletra 58 (Spring, 2015): Lesley K. Twomey: Joan Roís de Corella, Psalteri: edició crítica. Edició, estudi introductori i notes, Josep Lluís Martos. València, Institució Alfons el Magnànim, 2013 («Biblioteca d’Autors Valencians», 59), 360 pp.María Luisa Guardiola Tey: J. M. Domingo i A. Llovera (eds.), De Realisme. Aproximacions i testimonis. Lleida, Punctum («El Vuit-cents, 9»), 2013, 423 pp.John Dagenais: Rosanna Cantavella, El Facet una Ars amandi medieval; edició i estudi. València/Barcelona, Institut Interuniversitari de Filologia Valenciana / Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2013, 342 pp. («Biblioteca Sanchis Guarner», 81).Vicent Salvador: Lluís Payrató, El gest nostre de cada dia. La cultura al cos: la gestualitat emblemàtica com a patrimoni de la cultura popular. Ajuntament de Bellpuig / Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2013, 144 pp. (Obra guardonada amb el XXIV premi de Cultura Popular Valeri Serra i Boldú).Bárbara Barberá Matías: Mateu Rodrigo Lizondo (ed.), Col·lecció documental de la Cancelleria de la Corona d’Aragó. Textos en llengua catalana (1291-1420). Edició, estudi i índexs a cura de Mateu Rodrigo Lizondo. Selecció de textos de Jaume Riera i Sans. Preàmbuls de Carlos López Rodríguez i d’Antoni Ferrando Francés. 2 volums («Col·lecció Fonts Històriques Valencianes», 56A i 56B). Publicacions de la Universitat de València, València, 2013.
Abstract
Reviews Caplletra 58 (Spring, 2015): Lesley K. Twomey: Joan Roís de Corella, Psalteri: edició crítica. Edició, estudi introductori i notes, Josep Lluís Martos. [...]
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Models of literary and audio-visual translation in colloquial Catalan: the case of Quentin Tarantino’s «Jackie Brown»
D. Pujol

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 21

Abstract
Abstract: This article deals with the models of colloquial translation into Catalan in the case of the dubbed version (1997), the subtitled version (1997) and the translated script (1998) of Quentin Tarantino’s Jackie Brown (1997). At the core of the article lies the analysis and the comparison of the phonetics, the morphology, the syntax and the lexicon of each Catalan translation, which is contextualized within the linguistic and translation models current at the time. The conclusion is that the three translations make use of different colloquial language models. The translated script constitutes a disruptive model, especially regarding phonetic representation and the Spanish lexicon deployed. The dubbed version follows TV3’s translation and dubbing criteria: on the one hand, its syntax is relatively colloquial (less colloquial than that of the subtitled version, but not so much as the translated script); on the other hand, its morphology is standard and under-exploits the colloquial resources of the target language. The subtitled version is more colloquial than the dubbed one, especially as far as the lexicon is concerned, using far fewer Hispanicisms than the translated script.Key words: literary translation, audio-visual translation, dubbing, subtitling, colloquial Catalan, colloquial translation models, Quentin Tarantino, Jackie Brown.
Abstract
Abstract: This article deals with the models of colloquial translation into Catalan in the case of the dubbed version (1997), the subtitled version (1997) and the translated [...]
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Language games on stage
J. Sellent Arús

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 29

Abstract
Abstract: This article deals with the presence on the Catalan stage of different versions showing a contrast of linguistic registers which contravene official language norms. The versions analysed are two theatre plays belonging to widely differing historical and socio-political contexts: Joan Oliver’s rendering (1957) of G.B. Shaw’s Pygmalion, and Joan Sellent’s version (2014) of Brian Friel’s Translations. Affinities and divergences are highlighted, both with regard to choice of linguistic material and to dramaturgical and ideological goals.The frequent violation by both versions of the norms established by the Secció Filològica de l’Institut d’Estudis Catalans is ultimately intended to vindicate the genuine character, expressive force and dramatic effectiveness of a set of linguistic options that official norms are unwilling to accept.Key words: translation for the theatre, grammatical norms, registers, genuineness, expressive adequacy vs. adjustment to norms.
Abstract
Abstract: This article deals with the presence on the Catalan stage of different versions showing a contrast of linguistic registers which contravene official language norms. [...]
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Corpus linguistics and the translation of 6th song of the «Odyssey»
J. Guzman

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 26

Abstract
Abstract: This paper is an analysis of four translations into Catalan of the Odyssey 6th song. Two of the texts were translated by Carles Riba, and published in 1919 and 1948, another one by Joan Aymerich in 1997 and the last one was translated by Joan F. Mira in 2011. From a descriptive perspective, the study apply instruments of corpus linguistics to focus on how the four translations deal with aspects related to the field of translation studies, such as simplifi cation, explicitation, normalization, interference and the use of some lemmas. In turn, the analysis allows us to explain the use of these lemmas in the cultural and historical context in which the author translated the text. Results from this analysis show that the translations are directly linked to the period in which they were produced and that this link can be deeply personal.Key words: translation, corpus linguistics, Odissea, Carles Riba, Joan Aymerich, Joan F. Mira.
Abstract
Abstract: This paper is an analysis of four translations into Catalan of the Odyssey 6th song. Two of the texts were translated by Carles Riba, and published in 1919 and 1948, [...]
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Some remarks on exile, language and translation
M. Bacardí

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 23

Abstract
Abstract: In the 1939 exile, translation played a somewhat subsidiary role. Original works were the priority, because saving words had become urgent. “Professional” translators had to use other languages, especially Spanish, while “vocational” translators translated into Catalan for themselves, for the future. The press in exile could only access a few token literary translations or anonymous translations of informational documents. The journals Full Català, Quaderns de l’Exili and Lletres, published in Mexico in the 1940s, illustrate differing conceptions of language and translation.Key words: Exile, translation, Catalan language, Full Català, Quaderns de l’Exili, Lletres, Lluís Ferran de Pol, Joan Sales, Agustí Bartra.
Abstract
Abstract: In the 1939 exile, translation played a somewhat subsidiary role. Original works were the priority, because saving words had become urgent. “Professional” translators [...]
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Two different languages of translation: Josep Carner’s two versions of «El malalt imaginari» (1905/1909 and 1921)
M. Ortin

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 20

Abstract
Abstract: This article offers a detailed critical comparison of the literary languages deployed by Josep Carner in two different Catalan versions of Molières’s Le Malade imaginaire. The first one, published in 1909, had been made in 1905 for a stage production by Adrià Gual; the second one was published in 1921 in Biblioteca Literària, a series of literary works in translation supervised by Carner himself. The main interest in comparing them lies in the fact that this is not a case of mere revision but a case of retranslation, and one which presents interesting cultural aspects. Not only had a stringent and thorough renewal of written Catalan taken place in the years between the two versions, led by Pompeu Fabra, but Carner had also changed his whole approach to the task of translation in respect of both its practice and its goals, in connection with the potential growth of literary language on the basis of this reform.Key words: 20th century literary Catalan, languages of translation, Josep Carner, Pompeu Fabra.
Abstract
Abstract: This article offers a detailed critical comparison of the literary languages deployed by Josep Carner in two different Catalan versions of Molières’s Le Malade [...]
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Introduction to the monograph «Traducció i models lingüístics»
J. Guzman Pitarch, J. Marco Borillo

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 28

Abstract
Introduction to the monograph «Traducció i models lingüístics», number 58 (Spring 2015) of Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia.
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La «"Peregrinació del Venturós Pelegrí" ab les "Cobles de la mort"»: A series of woodcuts in sixteen volumes from Cervera (circa 1730-1804)
J. Mahiques Climent

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 25

Abstract
Abstract: Among the many editions of the «Peregrinació del Venturós Pelegrí» ab les «Cobles de la mort» published in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in Cervera, we examine sixteen that reproduce the same series of woodcuts depicting some scenes of the visionary pilgrim or the ghost of purgatory. The bibliographical descriptions, with a review of copies located in libraries around the world, is accompanied by facsimiles reproducing the series of woodcuts, the front page of fifteen editions and the preserved first page of a unique acephalous copy. This series is remarkable, both quantitatively and chronologically, for being the most repeated and most documented of all those printed in editions of these works from the seventeenth century to the present day.Key words: University of Cervera, printed poetry, bibliography, iconography.
Abstract
Abstract: Among the many editions of the «Peregrinació del Venturós Pelegrí» ab les «Cobles de la mort» published in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in Cervera, [...]
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Appreciative suffixation in Catalan: lexical innovations and morphological consequences
M. Lloret

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 22

Abstract
Abstract: The position of the appreciative derivation within morphology is exceptional, because, although the limited information that grammars and dictionaries reveal as for its formation and use, speakers freely use appreciative forms in familiar and informal contexts and often create new words without the restraints traditionally imposed by grammatical norms. As we will see, although the shape of these forms presents some variation, it complies with some well-defined constraints. Th is paper presents new data in this fi eld collected through traditional corpora and internet, with a two-fold aim. The first purpose is to thoroughly examine the morphological characteristics of the appreciative suffixation in Catalan, with special reference to the categories usually ignored in the literature (i.e., appreciative forms derived from categories other than nouns, adjectives and verbs). The second purpose has to do with the distributional restrictions that traditional words and new creations show with respect to the endings they allow, in order to identify the true nominal inflectional marks of Catalan.Key words: appreciative derivation, neologisms, nominal inflection, inflectional marks, gender, Catalan.
Abstract
Abstract: The position of the appreciative derivation within morphology is exceptional, because, although the limited information that grammars and dictionaries reveal as [...]
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Is it the sighing of “The last flower of Latium”?
R. Da Costa, L. Fantin Vescovi

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 30

Abstract
Abstract: The work analyses the formation of the Portuguese language and its literary and historical parallels with Castilian and Catalan. With this aim, we first contextualize the linguistic and literary trajectory of Iberian-Romance languages, in order to highlight similarities and diff erences in Hispania. As case studies, we consider three authors who elevated and enhanced the Portuguese language of their own time: Pedro de Barcelos (1287-1354), with Crónica Geral de Espanha de 1344, the Jesuit and priest Antonio Vieira (1608-1697), with Sermão vigésimo do Rosário, and the Parnassian poet Olavo Bilac (1865-1918), with the poem Profissão de Fé.Key words: Comparative History of Literature, Castilian, Catalan, Count D. Pedro de Barcelos, Antônio Vieira, Olavo Bilac.
Abstract
Abstract: The work analyses the formation of the Portuguese language and its literary and historical parallels with Castilian and Catalan. With this aim, we first contextualize [...]
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A journey through the maze: interpreting Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas «Els jeroglífics i la pedra de Rosetta»
M. Francés Díez

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 27

Abstract
Abstract: This paper studies a unique and amazing work on the Valencian poetry scene of the 1970s: Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas’s Els jeroglífics i la pedra de Rosetta (1976). This unusual example of poetic prose represents a radical change from the realism that characterized her early poems towards the most extreme and cryptic formalism, which defies the ancestral and hieroglyphic silence imposed by the hostility of the environment. In the poem, a space where the author’s own words are combined with those borrowed from other texts, Bakhtin’s dialogism, heteroglossia and polyphony, and Kristeva’s intertextuality can be found. Thus, an extraordinary background of mythological, religious, scientific and historical references, which remind us of Salvador Espriu’s influence, construct the gloomy labyrinth of the poem, an alchemy that transforms the foundations of traditional culture into an expression of rebellion, of anger that underlies the written text, as in a palimpsest.Key words: Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas, Valencian poetry, dialogism, heteroglossia, polyphony, intertextuality.
Abstract
Abstract: This paper studies a unique and amazing work on the Valencian poetry scene of the 1970s: Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas’s Els jeroglífics i la pedra de Rosetta (1976). [...]
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Josep Gifreu, «El català a l’espai de comunicació. El procés de normalització de la llengua als mèdia (1976-2013)», Bellaterra / Castelló de la Plana / Barcelona / València, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona / Universitat Jaume I / Universitat Pompeu Fabr
M. Nicolás

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 7

Abstract
Book review: Josep Gifreu, El català a l’espai de comunicació. El procés de normalització de la llengua als mèdia (1976-2013), Bellaterra / Castelló de la Plana / Barcelona / València, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona / Universitat Jaume I / Universitat Pompeu Fabra / Universitat de València, 2014, 272 pp. [ Preface by Isidor Marí. ]
Abstract
Book review: Josep Gifreu, El català a l’espai de comunicació. El procés de normalització de la llengua als mèdia (1976-2013), Bellaterra / Castelló de la Plana / [...]
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Enric Bou, «La invenció de l’espai. Ciutat i viatge», València, Publicacions de la Universitat de València, 2013, 332 pp.
V. Salvador

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 2

Abstract
Book review: Enric Bou, La invenció de l’espai. Ciutat i viatge, València, Publicacions de la Universitat de València, 2013, 332 pp.
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Anna López Samaniego, «Las etiquetas discursivas: cohesión anafórica y categorización de entidades del discurso», EUNSA, 2014, 379 pp.
J. Ribera i Condomina

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 15

Abstract
Book review: Anna López Samaniego, Las etiquetas discursivas: cohesión anafórica y categorización de entidades del discurso, EUNSA, 2014, 379 pp.
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Josep Iborra, «Fuster, una declinació personal», València, Càtedra Joan Fuster / Publicacions de la Universitat de València, 2014, 290 pp.
S. Ortells Miralles

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 10

Abstract
Book review: Josep Iborra, Fuster, una declinació personal, València, Càtedra Joan Fuster / Publicacions de la Universitat de València, 2014, 290 pp.
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Agustín Rubio, «El patriciat i la nació: sobre el particularisme dels valencians en els segles XIV i XV», Castelló/Barcelona, Fundació Germà Colón Domènech / Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2012, vol. I: 335 pp. i vol. II: 348 pp.
B. Montoya Abat

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 5

Abstract
Book review: Agustín Rubio, El patriciat i la nació: sobre el particularisme dels valencians en els segles XIV i XV, Castelló/Barcelona, Fundació Germà Colón Domènech / Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2012, vol. I: 335 pp. and vol. II: 348 pp. [«Col·lecció Germà Colón d’estudis filològics», 9.]
Abstract
Book review: Agustín Rubio, El patriciat i la nació: sobre el particularisme dels valencians en els segles XIV i XV, Castelló/Barcelona, Fundació Germà Colón Domènech / [...]
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Vicent Andrés Estellés, «Obra Completa I» ?i «Obra Completa II», València, Tres i Quatre, vol. I: 2014, 550 pp. i vol. II: 2015, 328 pp.
M. Aparicio

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 18

Abstract
Book review: Vicent Andrés Estellés, Obra Completa I i Obra Completa II, València, Tres i Quatre, vol. I: 2014, 550 pp. and vol. II: 2015, 328 pp. [ Edited by Ferran Carbó. ]
Abstract
Book review: Vicent Andrés Estellés, Obra Completa I i Obra Completa II, València, Tres i Quatre, vol. I: 2014, 550 pp. and vol. II: 2015, 328 pp. [ Edited by Ferran Carbó. [...]
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Josep Miquel Ramis, «Autotraducció: de la teoria a la pràctica», Vic, Eumo, 2014, 173 pp.
A. Monferrer Palmer

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 13

Abstract
Book review: Josep Miquel Ramis, Autotraducció: de la teoria a la pràctica, Vic, Eumo, 2014, 173 pp.
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Albert Rossich & Jordi Cornellà, «El plurilingüisme en la literatura catalana», Bellcaire d’Empordà, Edicions Vitel·la, 2014, 474 pp.
M. Sunyer

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 8

Abstract
Book review: Albert Rossich & Jordi Cornellà, El plurilingüisme en la literatura catalana, Bellcaire d’Empordà, Edicions Vitel·la, 2014, 474 pp.
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Diachrony and neology: semantic change, subjectivization and the representation of thinking. The meaning of the Catalan verb "esmar", from ‘setting the price of’ to ‘inferring’ and ‘imagining’ and beyond
J. Martines

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 3

Abstract
Abstract: The study of neology is inextricably linked with the study of language change and, therefore, with diachrony. The aim of this paper is to describe the semantic change process undergone by the Catalan verb esmar, which is the etymological form of the Latin verb *ADAESTIMARE, parallel to the Latinism estimar. This research is corpus-based, using large corpora along with other manually processed materials. The concepts of subjectivation and inferences according to the Invited Inference Theory of Semantic Change (IITSC) have been applied to these materials. Key words: Diachronic semantics, inference, subjectivization, evidentiality, pragmatics, semantic change.
Abstract
Abstract: The study of neology is inextricably linked with the study of language change and, therefore, with diachrony. The aim of this paper is to describe the semantic change [...]
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Usage of loanword and learned and derivative compounding neology on TV programmes
I. Creus, J. Julià-Muné

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 16

Abstract
Abstract: This contribution to neology in Catalan as used in the oral mass media, especially on television, allows us to confirm that loanword neologisms, i.e. words that name new objects and concepts, come mostly from English. In fact, English has become the global source of language innovation in a great variety of fields, especially in sports and technology. In addition to that, specialized terminology, made up of classical roots and learned affixation, contribute to renew and enlarge the expressive ability and communicative resources of languages in any scientific field as a result of the rapid evolution of our society. It includes various processes, such as learned derivation and compounding, word formation from proper names, blends and acronyms, as well as adaptation of new words to Catalan spelling and pronunciation rules.Key words: lexical borrowing, global English loanwords, language usage on TV, adaptation of new words on radio and TV, specialized terminology of classical origin, acronymy, blending.
Abstract
Abstract: This contribution to neology in Catalan as used in the oral mass media, especially on television, allows us to confirm that loanword neologisms, i.e. words that [...]
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Neology in society: 'verba sequuntur'
J. Freixa

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 11

Abstract
Abstract: The starting point of this article has a social nature: neologisms appear to refer to novelties and to cover the expressive needs of speakers. As speakers consider language to be their own and express unformed considerations on new words, this article deals with some of the most frequent questions on this subject: What is a neologism? Are certain neologisms more neological than others? Why do neologisms appear? Are they all necessary to the same extent? What are neologisms in Catalan like? Does Catalan create neologisms or does it only copy them from other languages? The article comes to the conclusion that Catalan, like any other language, has lexical creativity and hosts all kinds of neologisms: stable and ephemeral, new and old, deliberate and unintentional, correct and incorrect, denominative and expressive, well-formed and transgressive.Key words: lexical neology, neologicity, society, lexical creativity, lexical interference.
Abstract
Abstract: The starting point of this article has a social nature: neologisms appear to refer to novelties and to cover the expressive needs of speakers. As speakers consider [...]
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Shifting of meaning as a creative resource: Chromatic Neology
O. Domènech Bagaria, R. Estopà Bagot

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 6

Abstract
Abstract: Colour words have symbolic meanings, which have been acquired over the years and through different cultures. This is why «colour» words are widely used to create new lexical units. In this article, the authors analyse an aspect of the names of colours that is relatively unstudied: their role in the shifting of meaning of a language’s new lexical units. This linguistic study is based on fundamental linguistic anthropology concepts and also on the theoretical assumptions of Cognitive Semantics. After establishing fundamental notions, the study analyses a corpus of lexicographical polylexical neologisms containing a colour word. It focuses on the analysis of those units that include the word «green». The authors’ objective is to determine the semantic mechanisms and conceptual relationships that have generated new meanings of colour words or containing a colour word. Key words: neology, shifting of meaning, semantic change, colours, metaphor, metonymy, cognitive linguistics.
Abstract
Abstract: Colour words have symbolic meanings, which have been acquired over the years and through different cultures. This is why «colour» words are widely used to create [...]
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Neology and Grammar: between lexical neologism and syntactic neologism
J. Ginebra

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 19

Abstract
Abstract: This work is an attempt to clarify the concept of syntactic neology with the aim of finding a working taxonomic device. My proposal is to use the label syntactic neologism to refer to those changes in verbal government that are not linked to semantic change (which would qualify as semantic neologism), nor to other word formation procedures. Thus, a syntactic neologism is not a lexical neologism, a new word, as indeed is the case with semantic neologism. Nevertheless, when we say that syntactic neologism excludes semantic changes, we do not refer to the meaning related to the structural properties (thematic roles and aspect) that determine regular syntactic alternations in verb classes. Therefore, if a new transitive causative variant is formed upon an unnacusative verb (which previously did not have that use) the result would be a case of syntactic neology. So syntactic neology reclassifies verbs, but does not create new verbs. In addition to that, syntactic neology can provide the verb with a new variant that places the verb outside established syntactic classes. In this case we would be approaching the sphere of syntactical change.Key words: neology, lexical morphology, semantics, syntactic change, verb alternations.
Abstract
Abstract: This work is an attempt to clarify the concept of syntactic neology with the aim of finding a working taxonomic device. My proposal is to use the label syntactic [...]
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Neology, a new field in search of its scientific stabilization
M. Cabré Castellví

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 14

Abstract
Abstract: This text provides a comprehensive overview of neology as both a field of knowledge and a field of work. It also explores the relationships between neology and other areas such as psychology and sociology, and its connections with technology. Neologisms are the central object of neology as a field of knowledge. The paper shows the difficulty of clearly defining this object because it is a relative as well as a polyhedral object. Because of the relativity of neologisms, we are obliged to define them on the basis of a reference point from which a unit could be considered new: depending on its production, its reception or its social circulation. The paper also presents a set of principles which, if respected, could lead to the establishment of neology as a structured and stabilized field among different fields of knowledge.Key words: neology, science, theory, field of knowledge, scientific object, neologism, epistemology.
Abstract
Abstract: This text provides a comprehensive overview of neology as both a field of knowledge and a field of work. It also explores the relationships between neology and other [...]
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Introduction to the monograph «La neologia lèxica: darreres recerques sobre el català»
M. Cabré Castellví

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 9

Abstract
Introduction to the monograph «La neologia lèxica: darreres recerques sobre el català», number 59 (Autumn 2015) of Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia.
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La investigació sobre la promoció de la lectura en la 2.0. Anàlisi de casos
M. Monar van Vliet, G. Lluch

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 4

Abstract
Abstract: The article presents three case studies of reading promotion by using virtual technology in some Valencian schools, throughout the 2010-2011 academic year. The methodology is mainly qualitative, supplemented by investigation-action, since the resulting data have been used by mediators to improve their practice. Specifically, the study of the three cases has been carried out through participative observation in order to collect data. The process was then was completed with interviews, life stories and a questionnaire. Lastly, a discussion group contributed to the analysis, interpretation and triangulation as a method of evaluation.Key words: reading and Web 2.0, qualitative research, case studies.
Abstract
Abstract: The article presents three case studies of reading promotion by using virtual technology in some Valencian schools, throughout the 2010-2011 academic year. The methodology [...]
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The popular Valencian vocabulary in the literature of the first decades of the 20th century: the contribution of Faust Hernández Casajuana
J. Martí i Mestre

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 17

Abstract
Abstract: In his literary works, Hernández Casajuana used an interesting popular vocabulary, which in part connects with the linguistic tradition of 19th century Valencian playwrights, and in part represents an innovation, as it takes into account the social change and new customs arising in the 20th century, and which were reflected in the language. The article deals with Hernández Casajuana’s more innovative lexicon, though it also considers the work of other contemporary and earlier authors. It provides new ideas in relation to historical and etymological dictionaries and explains the motivation and origin of certain words and meanings; it also shows the presence of several neologisms at the time when they were being introduced into the Catalan language. Some of these new words have disappeared in today’s language, while others continue, but at the beginning of the 20th century, when they were as yet unconsolidated, they sometimes had different forms from those that have eventually prevail.Key words: history of the lexicon, 19th and 20th century literary language, popular vocabulary, neologisms, Hernández Casajuana.
Abstract
Abstract: In his literary works, Hernández Casajuana used an interesting popular vocabulary, which in part connects with the linguistic tradition of 19th century Valencian [...]
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Catalan and English Women Poets of the Interwar Years. One existing anthology and another in the making
J. Malé

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 12

Abstract
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study the poetry of female Catalan writers during the interwar period using two methods: on the one hand, comparative literature, relating them to English writers of the same period, and, on the other hand, feminist criticism, using some of its paradigms. The second objective is to vindicate the quality of some of these authors, such as Roser Matheu, M. Teresa Vernet, Simona Gay, Maria Perpinyà and Cèlia Viñas, and to highlight their importance in contemporary Catalan literary history.Key words: women’s poetry, catalan poetry, english poetry, interwar period, literary criticism.
Abstract
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study the poetry of female Catalan writers during the interwar period using two methods: on the one hand, comparative literature, relating [...]
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Medical, Moral and Culinary Texts from an Exceptional Valentian Codex. A Study of the Manuscript Valencia, University of Valencia, Historical Library, 216
J. Santanach i Suñol

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2015). Vol. 30, (2), 1

Abstract
Abstract: Study and proposal of reconstruction of ms. 216 in the Historical Library of the University of Valencia. It is a restored codex from the first half of the 15th century. Many pages of this manuscript were lost, and others were bound incorrectly. In the volume there are medical and didactic works, such as Catalan translations of the Thesarus pauperum by Peter of Spain, the Macer floridus by Odo of Meung, and book II of the Disticha Catonis. There are also works originally written in Catalan, such as the anonymous Llibre de Sent Soví, and Mil proverbis (Book of Thousand Proverbs) by Ramon Llull. The volume’s poor condition makes it difficult to be sure about some aspects of its compilation, which hints at possible problems in the past.Key words: codicology, handwritten transmission, manuscript 216, Historical Library of the University of Valencia, Llibre de Sent Soví, Mil proverbis, Ramon Llull.
Abstract
Abstract: Study and proposal of reconstruction of ms. 216 in the Historical Library of the University of Valencia. It is a restored codex from the first half of the 15th century. [...]
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Calderón’s Los dos amantes del cielo: Sources and Novelties on the Legend of Saint Crisanto and Saint Daría
M. Tobar Quintanar

ACal (2015). Vol. 8, (1), 14

Abstract
This article unravels the probable source of Calderón’s Los dos amantes del cielo, a «comedia de santos» that dramatizes the legend of the martyrs Crisanto and Daría. The study of its hagiographic tradition reveals the textual dependence of the dramatic work on the books of saints in the Spanish Golden Age based on Laurentius Surius’ De probatis sanctorum historiis: the Flos sanctorum by Alonso de Villegas, the Segunda parte de la hagiografía y vidas de los santos del Nuevo Testamento by Juan Basilio Sanctoro and the Flos sanctorum by Pedro de Ribadeneyra. Some exclusive concordances between the texts by Villegas and by Calderón point to the first one’s Flos sanctorum as the main source of the comedy. Based on these assumptions, the article analyses the most important changes introduced by Don Pedro in the legend: the larger development of some characters, the omission of some secondary episodes and the intensification of three elements of the history: the religious one, the spectacular and, especially, the profane (the amorous secondary plot, the conflict between father-son and the humorous element).
Abstract
This article unravels the probable source of Calderón’s Los dos amantes del cielo, a «comedia de santos» that dramatizes the legend of the martyrs Crisanto and Daría. [...]
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On Calderón and Legends: La puente de Mantible and Historia de Carlomagno
A. Sáez

ACal (2015). Vol. 8, (1), 7

Abstract
The approach to the chivalric plays of Calderón starts fi rstly with the examination of the treatment of the novelistic hypotext. Because of that, the process of dramatic rewriting that transforms the Historia del emperador Carlomagno y de los doce pares de Francia into La puente de Mantible is analyzed in this work, focusing on the work of selection, the changes in the characters and the key of decorus, between other subjects. Finally, some comments about the reasons of the play and the dramatic genre are given.
Abstract
The approach to the chivalric plays of Calderón starts fi rstly with the examination of the treatment of the novelistic hypotext. Because of that, the process of dramatic [...]
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“Salió el sembrador a sembrar…”: Calderón and Lope: Two Playwrights Face the Sacramental Genre
D. Rodríguez Ortega

ACal (2015). Vol. 8, (1), 26

Abstract
This article is an attempt to establish a comparison between two sacramental plays: La siega by Lope de Vega and La semilla y la cizaña by Calderón de la Barca, both texts written in the 17th century. The similarity hypothesis starts from the fact that they share the same biblical story to build their plot, the parables of the sower and the one of the tares. From there, each author draws a religious piece with specific and own characteristics, as we may prove, presents many differences with the parallel text. While Lope de Vega delves the lyrical aspect in detriment of the cathequetical essence, Calderón de la Barca builds a solid dramatic architecture that would present the audience a theological proposal able to cause the catholic exaltation pretended by the writing and representation of the autos.
Abstract
This article is an attempt to establish a comparison between two sacramental plays: La siega by Lope de Vega and La semilla y la cizaña by Calderón de la Barca, both texts [...]
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Ekphrasis and Mythology in La vida es sueño: The Myth of Zephyr and Chloris
C. Mattza

ACal (2015). Vol. 8, (1), 18

Abstract
Pointing to the presence of the myth of Zephyr and Chloris in Calderón de la Barca’s La vida es sueño, this article studies the significance of the mythological goddess Flora, the metamorphosed Chloris in the play. Her role is clarified through the analyses of the mythographies composed in Spain during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The study compares the different descriptions of this deity offered in these manuals as hermeneutical keys that allow a better understanding of the complexity of the symbolism behind the goddess Flora as she can be glimpsed through the fi gure of Estrella in Calderón. The work can be read as a mirror of princesses where Estrella as Chloris (Flora) serves to remind the Queen of Spain of her main role at Court.
Abstract
Pointing to the presence of the myth of Zephyr and Chloris in Calderón de la Barca’s La vida es sueño, this article studies the significance of the mythological goddess [...]
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Conventions of calderonian theatre in the Librettos of Apostolo Zeno
M. Martín Echarri

ACal (2015). Vol. 8, (1), 11

Abstract
Apostolo Zeno’s libretti have many conventions in common with Calderón’s dramaturgy: «correlaciones», dreaming speeches, interventions «al acaso»... This is unexpected in such a detractor of Baroque as the rationalist reformer of opera seria. Though some of them can be shared with other authors, it is possible to hypothesize that Zeno had direct contact with Calderón’s work. In order to prove this, we have considered the coincidence of some plots and the presence of a volume of Calderón’s Autos in Zeno’s private library, but we have examined in particular his own libretti in search of these conventions which are parallel to Calderón’s. We may exclude hazard as an explanation: Zeno returns to certain elements of Calderón’s style which had proven their effectiveness, at least when they are not in contradiction with the main conditions of the rationalist reform of his time.
Abstract
Apostolo Zeno’s libretti have many conventions in common with Calderón’s dramaturgy: «correlaciones», dreaming speeches, interventions «al acaso»... This is unexpected [...]
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The Historical Myth of Cleopatra in Calderón And His Contemporaries
E. Marcello

ACal (2015). Vol. 8, (1), 4

Abstract
This paper analyses the treatment of Cleopatra’s myth in five plays —four Spanish and one Italian— of the seventeenth century. The elements used for my analysis are the proverbial beauty of the Egyptian Queen and her suicide. The ways of expressing them provide guidelines to understand the significance of this historic figure and to verify her redemption, a process then in progress on the stage. They are Calderón’s El mayor monstruo del mundo, Marco Antonio y Cleopatra (a play printed in one suelta attributed to Calderón), Rojas Zorrilla’s Los áspides de Cleopatra, Belmonte Bermúdez’s Los tres señores del mundo and Giovanni Delfino’s La Cleopatra. Of the five, perhaps Calderón’s is the least relevant, because in it (unlike the other four) Cleopatra’s story is not the central dramatic point. All others have dramatized it with special emphasis on the beauty of the queen but also highlighting her final sacrifice as an extreme example of love —a clear triumph. The apex in this process of redemption the Egyptian queen is Delfino’s La Cleopatra, where her beauty becomes a moral attribute and her nobility becomes evident in the manner in which she faces death.
Abstract
This paper analyses the treatment of Cleopatra’s myth in five plays —four Spanish and one Italian— of the seventeenth century. The elements used for my analysis are [...]
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A Show Suiting “private noblemen”: Con chi vengo vengo at Palace Girifalco (Naples 1665)
P. Maione

ACal (2015). Vol. 8, (1), 23

Abstract
In 1665 the palace of the Duke of Girifalco hosts a selected group of aristocratic people for a rich performance inspired to Calderón’s Con quien vengo vengo, in order to show the magnificence of the house as well as its loyalty to the Spanish king. This event testifies both to the myth of Calderón in Naples in the 17th century and to the performing strategies in private houses. The text was staged using typical resources of Neapolitan theatres, such as prologues, musical insertions, dances between the acts and multiple language scenes, and was entrusted to a troupe formed by talented amateurs and skilled practitioners. Technical solutions and other «messages» constitute a propagandistic «liturgy» aimed at emphasizing the tribute of the Duke (and of his entourage) to the Spanish power. The glamour and the myth of the «catholic» nation is based also upon such events, where different «languages» and bold experiments are combined. At that time Naples is gaining (and bringing to perfection) an artistic role, which will soon turn into an absolute primacy in Europe.
Abstract
In 1665 the palace of the Duke of Girifalco hosts a selected group of aristocratic people for a rich performance inspired to Calderón’s Con quien vengo vengo, in order [...]
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Iconic Strategies in Mythological Comedies of Calderón
E. Cancelliere

ACal (2015). Vol. 8, (1), 15

Abstract
This paper explores the Horacian topic «ut pictura poiesis» which has offered such good results on the analysis of calderonians texts, but not only: it also incorporates the relationship of other arts (music, scenery, etc.) to study the complex network of mythological comedies that Calderón were represented in court environments. Thus, the author traces the interactions between existing artistic works of outstanding importance as the palatial party La fiera, el rayo y la piedra, La púrpura de la rosa or El hijo del sol, Faetón.
Abstract
This paper explores the Horacian topic «ut pictura poiesis» which has offered such good results on the analysis of calderonians texts, but not only: it also incorporates [...]
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An Approach to Meta-theatrical References in the Last Verses of Calderón’s Plays
Z. Vila Carneiro, A. Vara López

ACal (2015). Vol. 8, (1), 8

Abstract
In Calderón’s plays, metatheatrical elements are especially concentrated in the last verses, where the characters break the theatrical illusion and address the audience to refer to aspects of the work itself and its representation, in search of applause. This article analyzes the endings of 73 calderonian plays and classifi es captatio benevolentiae formulas that appear in them, related to the Baroque taste for metaliterary artifi ce. The study of the chronological evolution of the selection of such references, so codified, is not only essential to understanding the modus scribendi of Calderón, but can also be considered a new tool for the dating of certain works.
Abstract
In Calderón’s plays, metatheatrical elements are especially concentrated in the last verses, where the characters break the theatrical illusion and address the audience [...]
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The Manuscripts of Calderón’s Hado y divisa de Leonido y de Marfisa
M. Tobar

ACal (2015). Vol. 8, (1), 27

Abstract
The aim of this article is, through a careful analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic elements of each of the three manuscripts from the 17th century that are preserved of Hado y divisa de Leonido y de Marfisa from Calderón (9373 and 6743 BNE and 8314 Arsenal Library Paris) and a comparison of its variants, demonstrate: the interdependence between the ms 9373 of the BNE and 8314 (both contain bief pieces and the Descripción from Fernández de León) as ms. 8314 is a copy of ms. 9373; the Parisian manuscript is the one that copied José Guerra to send to the imperial court; that both were written at the time of release, therefore, probably both derive from the copy that Peñarroja made of calderonian draft; that the ms 16743, however, is called copy of the as known pseudo Matos Fragoso and has many variations compared to the other two.
Abstract
The aim of this article is, through a careful analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic elements of each of the three manuscripts from the 17th century that are preserved of Hado [...]
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How to Describe the Writing-process in Calderón’s Autographs? A Taxonomy of the Corrections
S. Kroll

ACal (2015). Vol. 8, (1), 19

Abstract
The present article proposes a new lector schema for the analysis of autographs. This schema presents a taxonomy of the corrections according to the stages of production of a discourse in ancient rhetoric: inventio, dispositio and elocutio. This taxonomy allows to describe Calderón’s writing process in a better way. Applying this taxonomy during the analysis of an autograph it should be possible to determine more precisely which phase of textual production the autograph in question reflects.
Abstract
The present article proposes a new lector schema for the analysis of autographs. This schema presents a taxonomy of the corrections according to the stages of production of [...]
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Calderón in his Lab: The Evidence of Cast Lists and Comments by Text Marked for Cutting
M. Greer

ACal (2015). Vol. 8, (1), 12

Abstract
This essay is devoted to the editorial treatment of passages marked for possible omission, with or without brief marginal notes and suggested alterations, in autograph and partially autograph manuscripts of Calderón de la Barca. Comparing the calligraphy of the notes and the ink color employed in marking the passages with Calderón’s handwriting in the text of the manuscript, I investigate to what degree it is possible to determine which cuts the playwright might have suggested, accepted, or rejected, and the treatment of such passages by certain editors. I also consider certain evidence we can derive from the handwriting in the cast lists of some calderonian manuscripts.
Abstract
This essay is devoted to the editorial treatment of passages marked for possible omission, with or without brief marginal notes and suggested alterations, in autograph and [...]
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The Parerga of An Autograph Manuscript: The Example of Basta callar of Calderón (BNE, Res. 19)
R. Folger

ACal (2015). Vol. 8, (1), 5

Abstract
Manuscript Res. 19 of the Biblioteca Nacional de España, a copy of Calderón’s court spectacle Basta callar, partially written by the author himself, paradigmatically illustrates the logic and working of Jacques Derrida’s notion of the parergon («frame»). In the manuscript, we observe the (graphic) intrusion of the frames into the text. These frames were used by stage directors and/or the authors to mark sections to be suppressed in a particular representation. They both contain and suppress elements which are dispensable because they seem not to contribute to our understanding of the central notions of the play: The high nobility’s renunciation of passion for the sake of state and power. A detailed analysis of the barred materials shows that perversion, in its 17th-century meaning of a corruption of the «good customs» (ethical, sexual, and religious), is the necessary supplement of the logic of power.
Abstract
Manuscript Res. 19 of the Biblioteca Nacional de España, a copy of Calderón’s court spectacle Basta callar, partially written by the author himself, paradigmatically illustrates [...]
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From the Two Versions of Calderón’s El divino Orfeo to Dionysius the Areopagite: Rewriting and Intertextuality
J. Duarte

ACal (2015). Vol. 8, (1), 24

Abstract
The author of this article begins with a comparative summary of the two versions of the sacramental play El divino Orfeo, following the theoretical principles of intertextuality and rewriting, to analyse a phrase that is repeated in many works. This phrase refers to the words attributed by Dionysius the Areopagite in the earthquake after the death of Christ. Although this segment is very short and it does not take more that two or three verses, it is accompanied by music and noises of earthquake, giving the passage certain relevance before the end of the work where the allegory is solved. Calderón does not only use this expression in different works, but he is able to inspire himself with this short passage to organise a complete sacramental play such as A Dios por razón de Estado, whose protagonist is precisely Dionysius from the Areopagus.
Abstract
The author of this article begins with a comparative summary of the two versions of the sacramental play El divino Orfeo, following the theoretical principles of intertextuality [...]
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The Author’s Work on Himself: Lope Writes La nueva victoria de don Gonzalo de Córdoba
D. Crivellari

ACal (2015). Vol. 8, (1), 16

Abstract
Starting from the observation of the autograph of La nueva victoria de don Gonzalo de Córdoba, dated October 8, 1622 —a few days after the facts that constitute the historical background of the play—, this article analyzes the modalities and possible reasons for the changes made by Lope. In particular, the paper focuses on the deletions, additions and modifications of the text, made by the Fénix de los Ingenios and by the autor de comedias, as the study of the stratifi cation of different phases and hands in the compositional process of the play offers an interesting view on the gestation and life, sometimes difficult, of the dramatic manuscript.
Abstract
Starting from the observation of the autograph of La nueva victoria de don Gonzalo de Córdoba, dated October 8, 1622 —a few days after the facts that constitute the historical [...]
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The Process of Reviewing in Calderón: The Hand-written Comedies
E. Coenen

ACal (2015). Vol. 8, (1), 9

Abstract
Calderón’s autograph comedia-manuscripts which have been preserved are not rough drafts, but versions prepared by the author to be delivered to a user, normally a theatre company. They should therefore be studied as final products of the process of composition. The authorial corrections they contain are nearly always the fruit of the revision of a previously composed text, and aim to be intelligible for an outsider. The abridgements tend to have no other end than abbreviating the text and thus, also, the memorization of the texts by the actors and the duration of the performance. Finally, various passages Calderón copied on a folio he glued on top of the earlier version, the two drafts preserved of two pages of El mágico prodigioso, and the relocated passages of Yerros de Naturaleza y aciertos de la Fortuna bear testimony of the zeal with which Calderón polished his verses even as he copied them.
Abstract
Calderón’s autograph comedia-manuscripts which have been preserved are not rough drafts, but versions prepared by the author to be delivered to a user, normally a theatre [...]
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The Process of Composition in the Hand-written Sheets of Cada uno para sí
P. Casariego Castiñeira

ACal (2015). Vol. 8, (1), 1

Abstract
One of the preserved testimonies of the calderonian comedy Cada uno para sí is a partly autograph manuscript which contains seven folios written by the author, fi ve rough pages and four fair copy folios. The aim of this paper is the comparative study of the rough and fair copies in order to analyse the composition process of Calderón.
Abstract
One of the preserved testimonies of the calderonian comedy Cada uno para sí is a partly autograph manuscript which contains seven folios written by the author, fi ve rough [...]
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Calderón in his Workshop: Remarks on the Autographs of Sacramental Plays
I. Arellano

ACal (2015). Vol. 8, (1), 20

Abstract
This paper examines some significant autographs of Calderón’s sacramental plays, analyzing the information provided by the process of writing and amendment reflected in the changes and interventions by the own hand of the poet on this manuscripts, in several categories, including the mistakes and slips of the pen.
Abstract
This paper examines some significant autographs of Calderón’s sacramental plays, analyzing the information provided by the process of writing and amendment reflected in [...]
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El pensamiento vestido de loco. Escritura e inspiración en la obra de Calderón
W. Aichinger

ACal (2015). Vol. 8, (1), 13

Abstract
In Calderón’s plays, the act of writing is often viewed as a battle between reason and passion, the result left on the paper therefore being unforeseeable. Calderón’s ideas about the creative process, the transformation of nocturnal visions into works of art, the power of dreams and visions which confront the dreamer with his double, take him into another sphere of time and can heal him from evil powers are of astounding modernity and can be found in passages of all dramatic genres that he worked in.
Abstract
In Calderón’s plays, the act of writing is often viewed as a battle between reason and passion, the result left on the paper therefore being unforeseeable. Calderón’s [...]
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