Documents published in 2015 : Scipedia

Presentation. The Political and Literary Discourse in the Relationships between Spain and Portugal
J. Usunáriz

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (2), 38

Abstract
Presentation
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Anuario Calderoniano, 8 (2015): «Calderón in his Laboratory»
Á. Baraibar

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (2), 30

Abstract
New about the publication of the Anuario Calderoniano, 8 (2015).
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The Collections «Batihoja» and «Peregrina» by the Instituto de Estudios Auriseculares (IDEA)
Á. Baraibar

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (2), 25

Abstract
New about the Instituto de Estudios Auriseculares's Collections.
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Review of María Fernández López (Marcia Belisarda), Obra poética completa, ed. Martina Vinatea Recoba, New York, IDEA, 2015, 483 pp. ISBN: 978-1-938795-03-9
D. Rodríguez Ortega

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (2), 41

Abstract
Book review: María Fernández López (Marcia Belisarda), Obra poética completa, ed. Martina Vinatea Recoba, New York, IDEA, 2015, 483 pp. ISBN: 978-1-938795-03-9
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Scenes of Cervantes in Chile: the Case of «Memorias de un perro escritas por su propia pata» by Juan Rafael Allende
J. Castro Rivas

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (2), 34

Abstract
It is possible to recognize the influence of Cervantes in Spanish America from the moment its works arrived to our continent in the XVII century. The Chilean literature is not out of that process: in the literary field one of the highlights is the writer Juan Rafael Allende, from mid XIX Century, who’s novel Memorias de un perro escritas por su propia pata (1893) shows a clear inspiration on one of the Exemplary novels titled Coloquio de los perros. Rafael Allende’s work, narrated according to the XVII century picaresque novel principles, tells about the life’s ups and downs of a dog named Rompecadenas, who constantly changes owners and get a good number of experiences that allow it to make its performance as a pícaro even better and, by the way, to display a series of pictures of Chilean social reality.
Abstract
It is possible to recognize the influence of Cervantes in Spanish America from the moment its works arrived to our continent in the XVII century. The Chilean literature is [...]
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Table of contents, Hipogrifo, 3.1, 2015
Á. Baraibar

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (1), 23

Abstract
Table of contents
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Two bibliographical projects of Iberoamericana Editorial Vervuert
A. Wigger

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (1), 22

Abstract
Iberoamericana Editorial Vervuert reached the number 100 of its prestigious book series “Bibilioteca Áurea Hispánica” with a volume dedicated to the Sacramental Plays of Calderón and it has also recently published La Obra Completa of Mateo Alemán, first edition of the Complete Works of the sevillian author.
Abstract
Iberoamericana Editorial Vervuert reached the number 100 of its prestigious book series “Bibilioteca Áurea Hispánica” with a volume dedicated to the Sacramental Plays [...]
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Santa Teresa de Jesús in Romania. Interview with Christian Tămaș, the Translator into Romanian of St.Teresa’s Works
A. Sandu-Andries

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (1), 20

Abstract
Saint Theresa of Ávila lived in Spain, during the complicated XVIth century. A life of obedience, dedicated to writing and to the foundation of Carmelite monasteries. The present interview (a modest homage upon the celebration of 500 years since the birth of the saint) allows us to approach the life and works of a top rank personality of the Occidental religious literature from the perspective of a translator, more precisely from the perspective of the man who transposed her words into Romanian. A specialist in Arabic language and literature, a novelist and translator from Italian, Catalan, French, Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, Irish and English, Christian Tămaș published, between 1994 and 1998, four of the main works of the Spanish writer, being the first to present her thoughts and ideas to the Romanian reader at that time. A lucid witness of times when openness and intelectual curiosity were highly valued, the translator evokes certain aspects regarding the way in which she has been perceived in Romania, pinpointing the difficulty of the Theresian text and speaking of the role of religious translation, the present state of the act of reading, the lights and shadows of a society —the modern day, Romanian one.
Abstract
Saint Theresa of Ávila lived in Spain, during the complicated XVIth century. A life of obedience, dedicated to writing and to the foundation of Carmelite monasteries. [...]
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The Duchess and Altisidora: Two Enemies of Dulcinea
A. Iriarte

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (2), 31

Abstract
Don Quixote creates Dulcinea of El Toboso, the beloved of the knight-errant, out of his recollections of Aldonza Lorenzo. The character of Dulcinea is very different from the peasant woman who inspired her creation, to the point that the latter is entirely effaced, while the imaginary Dulcinea, as she has taken possession of don Quixote’s inner world, becomes stronger and plays an increasingly important role in the novel, exerting influence on the development of events. This will be more evident in the second part of the novel, where two women at the duke’s court, the duchess herself and Altisidora, take on the task of unmasking the nonexistence of Dulcinea, and induce don Quixote to fall in love with a real woman, a role assumed by Altisidora. In this essay, I argue that the more these real women question Dulcinea, the stronger will be don Quixote’s feelings for his imaginary beloved. This process takes place within one of the central conflicts of Cervantes’ novel: the struggle between the creatures of the imagination and those we accept as real.
Abstract
Don Quixote creates Dulcinea of El Toboso, the beloved of the knight-errant, out of his recollections of Aldonza Lorenzo. The character of Dulcinea is very different from [...]
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Ricote, a Spaniard outside of Spain: Identity and Spaces for Freedom in Cervantes
F. Plata Parga

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (2), 26

Abstract
This paper offers a reading of the Morisco character Ricote (Quijote, II, 54) from the perspective of the experience of emigration and exile of a Spaniard outside of Spain. The paper offers also a reflection on the related issues of Ricote’s identity as a «Spaniard», as well as that of the spaces created by Cervantes within the novel to present, with a certain degree of freedom, both a moving portrait of the character, and a defense of his expulsion from Spain.
Abstract
This paper offers a reading of the Morisco character Ricote (Quijote, II, 54) from the perspective of the experience of emigration and exile of a Spaniard outside of Spain. [...]
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Golden Age Theatre Bills Revisited
M. de los Reyes Peña

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (1), 19

Abstract
The present work updates research on Spanish Golden Age comedy bills and reproduces the so far known ones. It also offers valuable new information, in the light of current databases, meticulous library and archive catalogues, and the constant research carried out by qualified specialists in the field of Golden Age theatre manuscripts.
Abstract
The present work updates research on Spanish Golden Age comedy bills and reproduces the so far known ones. It also offers valuable new information, in the light of current [...]
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Poetry in Fiction: an approximation to the structure of «El curioso impertinente»
S. Santa Aguilar

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (2), 35

Abstract
The present work analyzes how poetry breaks into the structure of El curioso impertinente. Firstly, it should be highlighted that El curioso impertinente is a novel considered as fiction within the don Quixote’s frame of reference (fictional plane), and in which characters are constantly acting fake situations, that ends up becoming true, which leads them to a renewed need to feign or to lie. From this perspective, the work focuses on the paradox that, given this plane fixed so far from the reality of the reader, the three poems recited by the characters come from a world outside fiction since they have actual authors in Cervantes’s time. Furthermore, the two sonnets ‘written’ by Lotario belong to the more serious Cervantine poetry, and thus belong to Spanish Golden Age lyrical tradition. Another paradox is also present: the five poems, which are rated as literature by the characters of the novel, foreshadow the events that will take place in the novel’s reality; unveiling a structure in which reality is constantly imitating fiction.
Abstract
The present work analyzes how poetry breaks into the structure of El curioso impertinente. Firstly, it should be highlighted that El curioso impertinente is a novel considered [...]
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Don Quixote Intends to give us Music; and Being his it will not be Bad
L. Sancho

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (2), 27

Abstract
The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha is crossed with a quantity and variety of poems that result being eco of the events that happen in the narration. In this opportunity the romance is analyzed and commented. «Mighty Love the hearts of maidens», of chapter XLVI of the Second Part, is an example of the Cervantes poetics of love and cavalry that weaves relationships with other events, themes and poems, inserted in the Cervantes novel.
Abstract
The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha is crossed with a quantity and variety of poems that result being eco of the events that happen in the narration. In this [...]
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Fame and Infamy of Duke of Braganza in the Spanish Golden Age Theatre
F. Domínguez Matito

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (2), 44

Abstract
«Portuguese matter» is a subject that inspired a large amount of plays of the Spanish Golden Age. This is especially the case in the period of the dual monarchy, in which the outstanding episodes in the history of Portugal and their main protagonists are dealt, in general, from a Castilian-centered perspective. This article specifically focuses on the events involving the dukes of Braganza. These events were of great importance not only for the history of Portugal but for the Austrian monarchy. They also served as the source of a number of comedies of the theatre in the Golden Age. Several of Lope de Vega’s plays are analyzed including El duque de Viseo, El más galán portugués, with the intention of contrasting them with the Granada playwright Cubillo de Aragón’s La tragedia del duque de Berganza. The analysis of the dramatizations evidences the different attitudes of both playwrights towards the house of Braganza. It also evidences the different assessment of Portuguese nobility in relation to the historical circumstances that they experienced during the reign of John II of Portugal. In the case of Lope de Vega, during the same time period as the dual monarchy, the plays are written in order to ennoble his image and, in the case of Cubillo, to validate his reputation as a traitor, following the uprise against the monarchy of Phillip IV, which lead to the secession of Portugal.
Abstract
«Portuguese matter» is a subject that inspired a large amount of plays of the Spanish Golden Age. This is especially the case in the period of the dual monarchy, in which [...]
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The Mario Vargas Llosa’s «niña mala»: Literary Descendant from the Picaresque?
G. Pollarolo

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (1), 18

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship, from an intertextual perspective, between Las travesuras de la niña mala by Mario Vargas Llosa (2006), and the picaresque genre developed in Spain during the 16th and 17th century. In order to achieve this aim, I will take into account the filiation discourse and the appearance of the picaresque canon, as well as the female picaresque works ignored by the critics. Vargas Llosa draws the character of the «niña mala» gathering charateristics which belong both to male and female picaro.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship, from an intertextual perspective, between Las travesuras de la niña mala by Mario Vargas Llosa (2006), and the [...]
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The «Epistle of Amarilis to Belardo», a Missive from Mestizo Peru to Spain
J. Aladro Font, R. Ramos-Tremolada

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (1), 17

Abstract
This article is a new interpretation of the Epistle of Amarilis to Belardo. Using a close reading of text and a detailed analysis of the text’s sources, we discover that it is more than just a complaint from one of Lope’s female admirers, finding that the letter by Amarilis, in the tradition of El Inca Garcilaso, is the Peruvian mestizo’s cry (Amarilis) for «another» homeland —«Spain», as symbolized by Lope.
Abstract
This article is a new interpretation of the Epistle of Amarilis to Belardo. Using a close reading of text and a detailed analysis of the text’s sources, we discover that [...]
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Review of Fray Toribio de Benavente, “Motolinía”, Historia de los indios de la Nueva España, ed. Mercedes Serna Arnaiz y Bernat Castany Prado, Madrid, RAE/CECE, 2014, 559 pp. (ISBN: 978-84-617-0715-7)
G. Serés

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (1), 16

Abstract
Book's review
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On the Meanings of Bilingualism in Jorge de Montemayor’s «Diana»: the Symbolic Dimension of the Mondego Fields
M. Teixeira Anacleto

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (2), 42

Abstract
This article discusses the meanings of bilingualism in Jorge de Montemayor’s Diana. This microanalysis aims to demonstrate the centrality of this novel within the aesthetic framework of Iberian baroque. In a close reading analysis, the fleeting love story between the two Portuguese shepherds, Duarda and Danteo, located in the last book of the Siete Libros de la Diana, is viewed as a strategic mise en abyme for the construction of a ‘modern’ perspective on the baroque universe of the «libros de pastores», and the consequent transition from bucolic lyricism to bucolic narrative. This will be the central argument for this reflection, anchored on a plural vision of the interconnections between Portugal and Spanish literature in the «Siglo de Oro».
Abstract
This article discusses the meanings of bilingualism in Jorge de Montemayor’s Diana. This microanalysis aims to demonstrate the centrality of this novel within the aesthetic [...]
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Mechanisms of Secrets and Secrecy in «El secretario confuso» by Jacinto Cordeiro
M. Insúa Cereceda

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (2), 36

Abstract
This article studies the mechanism of secrets and secrecy in El secretario confuso (1634), comedy by Jacinto Cordeiro; he is a playwright that belongs to the group of lusitan authors that write in Spanish during the Dual Monarchy period (1580-1640). This work, that can be included in the secretario subtype of comedia palatina genre —based on the infatuation between a noble lady and her secretary— shows thematic and structural coincidences with the main comedies of this modality —El perro del hortelano by Lope de Vega and El vergonzoso en palacio by Tirso de Molina—, but providing new variations to this corpus focussed on the communicational dynamics of remaining silent, concealing and declaring love between the different characters.
Abstract
This article studies the mechanism of secrets and secrecy in El secretario confuso (1634), comedy by Jacinto Cordeiro; he is a playwright that belongs to the group of lusitan [...]
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An Approach to the Topic of Cheating in some Comedies by Lope de Vega
J. Martínez Berbel

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (1), 21

Abstract
This paper gives an overview of the different mechanisms of deception in the plays of Lope de Vega. The typology of these delusions is reviewed and then applied to several Lope de Vega’s plays.
Abstract
This paper gives an overview of the different mechanisms of deception in the plays of Lope de Vega. The typology of these delusions is reviewed and then applied to several [...]
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The Dramatic Hidden Details in the Hagiographical Comedies by Pérez de Montalbán. The Case of «El divino portugués, san Antonio de Padua»
J. Escudero

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (2), 28

Abstract
This article focuses on the mechanisms and the dramatic features of the hagiographic comedies of Juan Pérez de Montalbán, from the analysis of a little-studied drama, El divino portugués, San Antonio de Padua, an excellent example of comedia de santos gender and a good example of the dramatic art of Pérez de Montalbán.
Abstract
This article focuses on the mechanisms and the dramatic features of the hagiographic comedies of Juan Pérez de Montalbán, from the analysis of a little-studied drama, El [...]
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Tirso de Molina's comedy «Las Quinas de Portugal» and Salazar's censorship
A. Apolinário Lourenço

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (2), 45

Abstract
In March 1968, Portuguese censors stopped the broadcast on public television —which was the only television network at the time— of Tirso de Molina’s comedy Las quinas de Portugal. This play stages the most important creation myth for the Portuguese nation: on the eve of the battle of Ourique, a crucified Christ appeared and offered Count Afonso Henriques his five holy wounds as a symbol for the Portuguese coat of arms. In this article, I intend to understand the ethical and political reasoning of the censors who read this play, written by one of the most important playwrights of the Spanish Golden Age
Abstract
In March 1968, Portuguese censors stopped the broadcast on public television —which was the only television network at the time— of Tirso de Molina’s comedy Las quinas [...]
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Francisco Botelho de Morais e Vasconcelos, Iberian poet of Pre-Illustration and Founder of the Academy of the United
C. d'Abreu Ferreira Machado

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (2), 39

Abstract
Francisco Botelho de Morais e Vasconcelos (1670-1747), a Portuguese poet of Castilian language, lived and bonded with remarkable Spanish intellectuals of his time; he reached fame while still alive, he was raised to the status of Honorary Member of the Spanish Royal Academy, and he left us a legacy which includes a prolific and ground-breaking poetic and literary work. He set up a literary academy in his own hometown, an episode we will further explore, by including an unpublished manuscript authored by some of its members. He is, notwithstanding, an insufficiently celebrated author within the ambit of Iberian Studies.
Abstract
Francisco Botelho de Morais e Vasconcelos (1670-1747), a Portuguese poet of Castilian language, lived and bonded with remarkable Spanish intellectuals of his time; he reached [...]
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Portugal in the Works of Bartolomé Jiménez Patón (1569-1640)
J. Garau

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (2), 32

Abstract
Throughout his works, Bartolomé Jiménez Patón mentions Portugal and some of its writers on a number of occasions. In the books that have been recovered of his Comentarios de erudición (1621), he cites authors such as Fernando López de Castañeda or Joao de Barros, who are associated with the popular vogue of the period for portentous works, of which the Spanish Humanist was so fond of. A large number of his commentaries concerning Portugal center on justifying dynastic unity, based on his interpretation of the history of Gregorio López Madera, who he admired so much, which has as its background the image of Hispania. To a certain extent, the new government of Olivares would try to carry out this policy. Of no less interest is his description of the city of Lisbon in which he presents the idea of ‘exemplariness’, a notion he has in common with other descriptions by Mateo Alemán, Cervantes or Tirso, although in Patón’s, such exemplariness appears in contrast with the picturesque depiction of the rogues of the Rua Nova.
Abstract
Throughout his works, Bartolomé Jiménez Patón mentions Portugal and some of its writers on a number of occasions. In the books that have been recovered of his Comentarios [...]
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Review of Diferentes y escogidas. Homenaje al profesor Luis Iglesias Feijoo, Santiago Fernández Mosquera (ed.), Madrid/Frankfurt, Iberoamericana/Vervuert, 2014, 548 pp. ISBN: 978-84-8489-819-1
V. Casais Vila

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (1), 11

Abstract
Book's review
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Christ as a Gambler in «Auto Sacramental del Juego del Hombre» by Luis Mejía de la Cerda
D. Rodríguez Ortega

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (1), 12

Abstract
This article contains a deep analysis of the sacramental play Auto Sacramental del Juego del Hombre written by Luis Mejía de la Cerda in 1625. The piece is composed taking a card game as the core topic and representing Christ as a player betting amongst the Death, Devil and World. One of the most remarkable characteristics is the absolute presence of the play in a devote text, because of the combination of such mundane and religious features. But it is necessary to say, that this way of leisure was very popular during the Golden Age period, where people of every social class were willing to enjoy.
Abstract
This article contains a deep analysis of the sacramental play Auto Sacramental del Juego del Hombre written by Luis Mejía de la Cerda in 1625. The piece is composed taking [...]
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Erudition, Dialogue and Instruction in «Noches claras» by Manuel de Faria e Sousa
P. Silva Pereira

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (2), 37

Abstract
In Noches claras by Manuel de Faria e Sousa, among discourses and chapters which serve different purposes, an intense programme of cultural divulgation starts to take form, which offers the readers themes of social and religious nature as well as of moral philosophy, stimulating their intellectual curiosity. By combining the strong didactic aesthetics of the miscellanea, as it was cultivated in the Iberian Peninsula in the 16th and 17th centuries, with the specific features of dialogue, the project gained density and gave way to a more pleasant use than the mere occasional search for information. The variety in themes and sense of erudition, resulting from a wide range of ancient and modern cultural and religious sources, are now seen as part of a more coherent composition, thus overcoming the risks of fragmented reading. On the other hand, the autobiographical drive which can be found across a significant part of Faria e Sousa’s literary production, allows him to come closer to the essay genre, as the author is regarded as the one who is responsible for carefully choosing the material, organizing and exposing it based on his knowledge and life experience which were the marks of the discrete man.
Abstract
In Noches claras by Manuel de Faria e Sousa, among discourses and chapters which serve different purposes, an intense programme of cultural divulgation starts to take form, [...]
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The Lisbon Dreamed up by Tirso de Molina
A. Dotras Bravo

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (2), 29

Abstract
My purpose is to go back to the description of Lisbon, always depicted rather polemically by the critics, on El burlador de Sevilla by Tirso de Molina, who divided the academic world in regards to the relevance of don Gonzalo’s parliament to king Afonso XI, in the first act. Besides I intend to carry out a new analysis, on the one hand, on the hierarchy of elements presents, from an interpretative perspective of the fragment, taking as baseline, also to diverge, the most complete work about the description of Lisboa, of Marc Vitse, published in 1978.
Abstract
My purpose is to go back to the description of Lisbon, always depicted rather polemically by the critics, on El burlador de Sevilla by Tirso de Molina, who divided the academic [...]
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Lope, Reader of Jorge Ferreira de Vasconcelos
S. Pereira

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (2), 24

Abstract
This work takes as its starting point Eugenio Asensio’s affirmation that the greatest admirer of Jorge Ferreira de Vasconcelos and his comedies would have been Lope de Vega. He attempts to prove this thesis by pointing out the similarities between the Eufrosina (1555) and Lope’s La Dorotea (1632) and, to a certain extent, even the Aulegrafia (1619). Other points of contact between the lives and works of these two great figures of the Iberian theater are also considered, in order to understand how Lope de Vega processed his reception of the works of the Portuguese comedy writer of the sixteenth century
Abstract
This work takes as its starting point Eugenio Asensio’s affirmation that the greatest admirer of Jorge Ferreira de Vasconcelos and his comedies would have been Lope de Vega. [...]
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Kings, Saints and Husbands: Portuguese Characters in the Golden Age Theatre
M. Álvarez Sellers

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (2), 40

Abstract
The Portuguese reality is part of the thematic heritage of the Spanish Golden Age theatre which highlights from the Lusitanian their courage at war and their excess in passion. Literary interactions took place in two senses: the Lusitanian tradition was treated in Spanish pieces, and Portuguese playwrights wrote in Castilian following Lope de Vega in his Arte nuevo de hacer comedias en este tiempo (1609). Although history and hagiography will be the most exploited aspects due to the impact of their protagonists, on other occasions Portugal will be used as a setting to universal conflicts. Kings such as D. Afonso Henriques, D. João II and D. Sebastião star in works of Tirso de Molina, Lope de Vega or Cubillo de Aragón; and El príncipe constante by Calderón and Caer para levantar by Moreto, Matos Fragoso and Cáncer relate, respectively, the lives of two Portuguese saints, S. Fernando and S. Gil. We will analyse El príncipe constante and A secreto agravio, secreta venganza by Calderón and Las quinas de Portugal by Tirso de Molina, with the aim of discovering the degree of involvement between the dramaturgical approaches and historical context that includes or propitiates them, in order to try to reveal the elements that motivated the rise and the decline of Portuguese topics in the seventeenth century Spanish theatre.
Abstract
The Portuguese reality is part of the thematic heritage of the Spanish Golden Age theatre which highlights from the Lusitanian their courage at war and their excess in passion. [...]
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Portugal y los portugueses en el teatro cómico breve del siglo XVII: de los entremeses a los villancicos
E. Borrego Gutiérrez

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (2), 33

Abstract
La figura del portugués en el teatro cómico breve del siglo XVII, y su posterior paso a los villancicos, no ha sido aún estudiada a fondo ni sistematizada, salvo alusiones en estudios de conjunto, junto a otras figuras geográficas y étnicas. En este artículo se procede a un recorrido cronológico por la obra de un nutrido número de entremesistas de la época y del análisis de un corpus de 142 pliegos de villancicos (en su gran mayoría anónimos) para determinar la presencia del personaje, no solo cuantitativamente, sino desde el punto de vista de sus rasgos definitorios. En el entremés es una figura cuya presencia es secundaria pero constante y perfectamente tipificada: sus rasgos más típicos —ya presentes en las farsas del siglo XVI— son su carácter enamoradizo, su arrogancia y su condición de músico, que se ve reforzada en los villancicos, pues el portugués es protagonista en numerosas ocasiones de piezas monologadas, de mayor componente lírico. Sin embargo, en los villancicos de tipo dialógico mantienen los demás rasgos del personaje, incidiendo en la fanfarronería, en el enamoramiento fácil y en la rivalidad con Castilla, aunque se alude especialmente a la vanidad genealógica del portugués, rasgo apenas perceptible en los entremeses.
Abstract
La figura del portugués en el teatro cómico breve del siglo XVII, y su posterior paso a los villancicos, no ha sido aún estudiada a fondo ni sistematizada, salvo alusiones [...]
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Problems of the manuscript of «Yerros de Naturaleza y aciertos de la Fortuna»
E. Coenen

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (1), 15

Abstract
In the manuscript of Yerros de Naturaleza y aciertos de la Fortuna preserved in the Biblioteca Nacional, the folios attributed to Antonio Coello are not autograph, as has always been assumed. This fact imposes the need to reinterpret the textual interventions made by whoever it was who copied these parts of the text, undoubtedly someone linked to a theatre company. There are clear signs that, without consulting the poets, the company introduced important changes in their text, even reordering segments of the third act.
Abstract
In the manuscript of Yerros de Naturaleza y aciertos de la Fortuna preserved in the Biblioteca Nacional, the folios attributed to Antonio Coello are not autograph, as has [...]
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False Accusation and Theatricality in Lope de Vega's «Laura perseguida»
C. Couderc

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (1), 13

Abstract
Laura perseguida is one of the oldest comedias written by Lope de Vega. We study in this article the generic indecision which characterizes this play, as it often occurs in this phase of the story of the Comedia nueva. Another remarkable characteristic of this play is the importance of the false accusation, which is a part of the vaster theme of the the problematic identity of the central character.
Abstract
Laura perseguida is one of the oldest comedias written by Lope de Vega. We study in this article the generic indecision which characterizes this play, as it often occurs in [...]
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Secrets in Calderón. Analyses of Some Secrecy Aspects in Calderón’s Comedies
S. Kroll

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (1), 7

Abstract
Spanish Golden Age Culture is an age of secrets and secrecy. Among its playwrights, Pedro Calderón de la Barca shows the most complex comprehension of this subject. During the entirety of his career he refers to it in numerous comedies, creates metaphors concerning different aspects of secrecy and employs it for the construction of his comedias de enredo/comedies of intrigue. In summary: Calderón has an ongoing interest in this anthropological phenomenon. The article analyses the motive of secrecy in selected plays, tragic and comic, starting with the San Secreto figure present in different plays, for example in La vida es sueño. After tracing the temporal aspect of secrecy the article ends with some thoughts about the relation between the public and the secret spheres. Calderón reflects this relation in his masterpiece concerning secrecy: El secreto a voces/The loud secret.
Abstract
Spanish Golden Age Culture is an age of secrets and secrecy. Among its playwrights, Pedro Calderón de la Barca shows the most complex comprehension of this subject. During [...]
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Review of Ignacio Arellano, El ingenio de Lope de Vega. Escolios a las «Rimas humanas y divinas del licenciado Tomé de Burguillos», New York, IDEA/IGAS, 2012, 311 pp. (ISBN: 978-1-938795-84-8)
V. Roncero

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (1), 4

Abstract
Book's review
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«Cuidadoso descuido»: rogues, lying, and theater in the picaresque narrative
F. Rodríguez Mansilla

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (1), 1

Abstract
This article analyzes the use of the phrase «cuidadoso descuido» in seduction scenes of some picaresque narratives. The origin of this phrase is dual: «descuido» is the Spanish translation of sprezzatura, a key concept in Renaissance courtly manuals; and «cuidadoso descuido» is a concept that expresses the naturalness of a performance in theater. The picaresque narratives subvert that courtly and theatrical origin and employ «cuidadoso descuido» as a problematic euphemism to talk about a crime that includes lying and dissimulation.
Abstract
This article analyzes the use of the phrase «cuidadoso descuido» in seduction scenes of some picaresque narratives. The origin of this phrase is dual: «descuido» is the [...]
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Review of Criado Mainar, Jesús, La escultura romanista en la comarca de la comunidad de Calatayud y su área de influencia. 1589-1639, Calatayud, Centro de Estudios Bilbilitanos, Institución Fernando el Católico, Comarca Comunidad de Calatayud, 2013
G. Torres

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (1), 10

Abstract
Book's review
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Aspects in the edition of Golden Age Texts: dealing with «Cada loco con su tema» by Hurtado de Mendoza
I. Arellano

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (1), 6

Abstract
Reflections on practice of editing and annotating texts of the Golden Age, focusing especially on the comedy of Hurtado de Mendoza, Cada uno para sí, with textual and explanatory notes.
Abstract
Reflections on practice of editing and annotating texts of the Golden Age, focusing especially on the comedy of Hurtado de Mendoza, Cada uno para sí, with textual and explanatory [...]
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Episodes in «Persiles and Sigismunda» shaped by ‘Byzantine tales’ from the «Gesta Romanorum»
C. Colahan

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (1), 3

Abstract
Only recently has there been a recognition of the literary influence in Spain of the ‘examples’ found in the Gesta Romanorum, a collection of tales widely spread and fertile in adaptations throughout Medieval and Renaissance northern Europe. Just as other Hispanic writers did who were contemporaries of Cervantes, he would have been able to read them without difficulty in the original Latin, which is highly simplified for the use of preachers. The plot and images of two of the gesta written in the style of a Byzantine novel shape corresponding episodes in the Persiles, which is well known for Cervantes’ statement that in it he sought to compete with the Byzantine novel set in Ethiopia by Heliodorus. A whale swallowing Auristela’s ship in one of the tales, like her rescue and subsequent forced choice between suitors, provide situations and phrases used by Cervantes to portray the intense love between Persiles and his sweetheart/pretended sister, Sigismunda, as was done also in other Hispanic adaptations of the legend.
Abstract
Only recently has there been a recognition of the literary influence in Spain of the ‘examples’ found in the Gesta Romanorum, a collection of tales widely spread and fertile [...]
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Loving Economy and New Value of the Body and its Clothing in Two Miguel de Cervantes’ «Exemplary Novels»
C. Yushimito del Valle

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (1), 9

Abstract
This paper studies two Exemplary Novels written by Miguel de Cervantes, The English Spaniard and The Liberal Lover, focusing on the economic anxiety that existed at the time. The «abstraction» of money due to the emerging use of credit is part of a series of irreversible and significant changes that Europe experiences as a result of the gold extracted from the New World. This anxiety reveals itself, at the same time, a clear inestability in the economic and affective discourse of the period, expressed in the semantic moving that the narrative of the body and clothing expresses.
Abstract
This paper studies two Exemplary Novels written by Miguel de Cervantes, The English Spaniard and The Liberal Lover, focusing on the economic anxiety that existed at the time. [...]
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«Mujeres esquivas» and the Paternal Function
E. Cowling

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (1), 8

Abstract
Using the psychoanalytical concept of the paternal function, this article will explore the ways in which two similar plays, Lo que son mujeres by Francisco Rojas Zorilla and El desdén con el desdén by Agustín Moreto diverge in their endings, hinging on the function, or lack thereof, of the father figure.
Abstract
Using the psychoanalytical concept of the paternal function, this article will explore the ways in which two similar plays, Lo que son mujeres by Francisco Rojas Zorilla and [...]
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Review of Kallendorf, Hilaire (ed.), A Companion to Early Modern Hispanic Theater, Leiden/Boston, Brill, 2014 [The Renaissance Society of America. Text and Studies Series, 2], 388 pp. (ISBN: 978-90-04-23456-7)
A. Sáez

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (1), 5

Abstract
Book's review
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Spanish Mystic Women of the Golden Century within the Ottoman Empire: Seven Arabic Manuscripts Found in Aleppo (Syria)
F. del Río Sánchez

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (1), 2

Abstract
This work reports on the existence of seven manuscripts conserved in three different collections of Aleppo (Syria): the Greek-Catholic/Melkite, the Georges and Mathilde Salem Foundation and the Maronite libraries. These seven copies contain the Arabic translations of some mystical works written by two mystic women of the Spanish Golden Century, Teresa de Ávila and María de Ágreda. The history of these Arabic versions, translated right in the heart of the Ottoman Arabic provinces, constitutes an interesting object of study that is directly linked with the manner in which many European Western works passed to the Mediterranean Levant during the 16th and 17th centuries.
Abstract
This work reports on the existence of seven manuscripts conserved in three different collections of Aleppo (Syria): the Greek-Catholic/Melkite, the Georges and Mathilde Salem [...]
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Review of Ángeles maraqueros. Trazos neobarroc-s-ch-os en las poéticas latinoamericanas, ed. Ángeles Mateo del Pino, Buenos Aires, Katatay, 2013, 464 pp. ISBN: 978-987-29565-0-9
J. Páez

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2015). Vol. 3, (1), 14

Abstract
Book's review.
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A semi-analytical model for droplet dynamics on the GDL surface of a PEFC electrode
A. Jarauta, M. Secanell, J. Pons Prats, P. Ryzhakov, S. Idelsohn, E. Oñate

Int. J. Hydrogen Energy (2015). Vol. 40 (15), pp. 5375-5383

Abstract
Water management is one of the key factors in Proton Exchange Fuel Cell (PEFC) performance. The water produced within the fuel cell is evacuated through the gas channels, but at high current densities water can block the channel, thus limiting the current density generated in the fuel cell. A semi-analytical model of a water droplet emerging from a gas diffusion layer pore in a PEFC channel is developed. The transient model contains a detailed adhesion and drag force estimation model. Results show that the predicted values for both drag and surface tension force are higher than the results found in literature. The results for the detachment force are consistent with the experimental data available. Higher air velocity values lead to more deformation of the droplet and oscillation with lower frequency but higher amplitude. Similar effects have been identified when the liquid mass flow is increased, leading to faster detachment of the droplet.
Abstract
Water management is one of the key factors in Proton Exchange Fuel Cell (PEFC) performance. The water produced within the fuel cell is evacuated through the gas channels, [...]
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Reduced-order subscales for POD models
J. Baiges, R. Codina, S. Idelsohn

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2015). Vol. 291; pp. 173-196

Abstract
In this work the Reduced-Order Subscales for Proper Orthogonal Decomposition models are presented. The basic idea consists in splitting the full-order solution into the part which can be captured by the reduced-order model and the part which cannot, the subscales, for which a model is required. The proposed model for the subscales is defined as a linear function of the solution of the reduced-order model. The coefficients of this linear function are obtained by comparing the solution of the full-order model with the solution of the reduced-order model for the same initial conditions, which, for convenience, are evaluated in the snapshots used to train the original reduced-order-model. The difference between both solutions are the subscales, for which a model can be built using a least-squares procedure. The subscales are then introduced as a correction in the reduced-order model, resulting in an important improvement in accuracy. The enhanced reduced-order model is tested in several numerical examples. These practical cases show that the use of the subscales leads to more accurate solutions, successfully corrects errors introduced by hyper-reduction, and allows to solve complex flow problems using a reduced number of degrees of freedom.
Abstract
In this work the Reduced-Order Subscales for Proper Orthogonal Decomposition models are presented. The basic idea consists in splitting the full-order solution into the part [...]
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2D particle contact-based meshfree method in CDEM and its application in geotechnical problems
C. Feng, S. Li, E. Oñate

Engineering Computations (2015). Vol. 32 (4), pp. 1080-1103

Abstract
Purpose – Continuum-based discrete element method is an explicit numerical method, which is a combination of block discrete element method (DEM) and FEM. When simulating large deformation problems, such as cutting, blasting, water-like material flowing, the distortion of elements will lead to no convergence of the numerical system. To solve the convergence problem, a particle contact-based meshfree method (PCMM) is introduced in. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – PCMM is based on traditional particle DEM, and use particle contacts to generate triangular elements. If three particles are contact with each other, the element will be created. Once elements are created, the macroscopic constitutive law could be introduced in. When large deformation of element occurs, the contact relationship between particles will be changed. Those elements that do not meet the contact condition will be deleted, and new elements that coincide with the relationship will be generated. By the deletion and creation of elements, the convergence problem induced by element distortion will be eliminated. To solve FEM and PCMM coupled problems, a point-edge contact model is introduced in, and normal and tangential springs are adopted to transfer the contact force between particles and blocks. Findings – According to the deletion and recreation of elements based on particle contacts, PCMM could simulate large deformation problems. Some numerical cases (i.e. elastic field testing, uniaxial compression analysis and wave propagation simulation) show the accuracy of PCMM, and others (i.e. soil cutting, contact burst and water-like material flowing) show the rationality of PCMM. Originality/value – In traditional particle DEM, contact relationships are used to calculate contact forces. But in PCMM, contact relationships are adopted to generate elements. Compared to other meshfree methods, in PCMM, the element automatic deletion and recreation technique is used to solve large deformation problems.
Abstract
Purpose – Continuum-based discrete element method is an explicit numerical method, which is a combination of block discrete element method (DEM) [...]
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Numerically stable formulas for a particle-based explicit exponential integrator
P. Nadukandi, E. Oñate

Computational Mechanics (2015). Vol. 55 (5), pp. 903-920

Abstract
Numerically stable formulas are presented for the closed-form analytical solution of the X-IVAS scheme in 3D. This scheme is a state-of-the-art particle-based explicit exponential integrator developed for the particle finite element method. Algebraically, this scheme involves two steps: (1) the solution of tangent curves for piecewise linear vector fields defined on simplicial meshes and (2) the solution of line integrals of piecewise linear vector-valued functions along these tangent curves. Hence, the stable formulas presented here have general applicability, e.g. exact integration of trajectories in particle-based (Lagrangian-type) methods, flow visualization and computer graphics. The Newton form of the polynomial interpolation definition is used to express exponential functions of matrices which appear in the analytical solution of the X-IVAS scheme. The divided difference coefficients in these expressions are defined in a piecewise manner, i.e. in a prescribed neighbourhood of removable singularities their series approximations are computed. An optimal series approximation of divided differences is presented which plays a critical role in this methodology. At least ten significant decimal digits in the formula computations are guaranteed to be exact using double-precision floating-point arithmetic. The worst case scenarios occur in the neighbourhood of removable singularities found in fourth-order divided differences of the exponential function.
Abstract
Numerically stable formulas are presented for the closed-form analytical solution of the X-IVAS scheme in 3D. This scheme is a state-of-the-art particle-based explicit exponential [...]
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Validation of numerical flow simulations against in vitro phantom measurements in different type B aortic dissection scenarios
E. Soudah, P. Rudenick, M. Bordone, D. García-Dorado, A. Evangelista, E. Oñate

Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering (2015). Vol. 18 (8), pp. 805-815

Abstract
An aortic dissection (AD) is a serious condition defined by the splitting of the arterial wall, thus generating a secondary lumen [the false lumen (FL)]. Its management, treatment and follow-up are clinical challenges due to the progressive aortic dilatation and potentially severe complications during follow-up. It is well known that the direction and rate of dilatation of the artery wall depend on haemodynamic parameters such as the local velocity profiles, intra-luminal pressures and resultant wall stresses. These factors act on the FL and true lumen, triggering remodelling and clinical worsening. In this study, we aimed to validate a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) tool for the haemodynamic characterisation of chronic (type B) ADs. We validated the numerical results, for several dissection geometries, with experimental data obtained from a previous in vitro study performed on idealised dissected physical models. We found a good correlation between CFD simulations and experimental measurements as long as the tear size was large enough so that the effect of the wall compliance was negligible.
Abstract
An aortic dissection (AD) is a serious condition defined by the splitting of the arterial wall, thus generating a secondary lumen [the false lumen (FL)]. Its management, treatment [...]
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A locally extended finite element method for the simulation of multi-fluid flows using the particle level set method
K. Kamran, R. Rossi, E. Oñate

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2015). Vol. 294, pp. 1-18

Abstract
The simulation of immiscible two-phase flows on Eulerian meshes requires the use of special techniques to guarantee a sharp definition of the evolving fluid interface. This work describes the combination of two distinct technologies with the goal of improving the accuracy of the target simulations. First of all, a spatial enrichment is employed to improve the approximation properties of the Eulerian mesh. This is done by injecting into the solution space new features to make it able to correctly resolve the solution in the vicinity of the moving interface. Then, the Lagrangian Particle Level Set (PLS) method is employed to keep trace of the evolving solution and to improve the mass conservation properties of the resulting method. While the local enrichment can be understood in the general context of the XFEM, we employ an element-local variant, which allows preserving the matrix graph, and hence highly improving the computational efficiency.
Abstract
The simulation of immiscible two-phase flows on Eulerian meshes requires the use of special techniques to guarantee a sharp definition of the evolving fluid interface. This [...]
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A unified monolithic approach for multi-fluid flows and Fluid-Structure Interaction using the Particle Finite Element Method with fixed mesh
P. Becker, S. Idelsohn, E. Oñate

Computational Mechanics (2015). (preprint) Vol. 55, pp. 1091–1104

Abstract
This paper describes a strategy to solve multi-fluid and Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) problems using Lagrangian particles combined with a fixed Finite Element (FE) mesh . Our approach is an extension of the fluid-only PFEM-2 [1,2] which uses explicit integration over the streamlines to improve accuracy. As a result, the convective term does not appear in the set of equations solved on the fixed mesh. Enrichments in the pressure field are used to improve the description of the interface between phases.
Abstract
This paper describes a strategy to solve multi-fluid and Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) problems using Lagrangian particles combined with a fixed Finite Element (FE) mesh [...]
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Modelling the vertical UL 94 test: competition and collaboration between melt dripping, gasification and combustion
F. Kempel, B. Schartel, J. Marti, K. Butler, R. Rossi, S. Idelsohn, E. Oñate

Fire and Materials (2015). Vol. 39 (6), pp. 570-584

Abstract
An experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP) and polytetraﬂuoroethylene (PTFE) on the ﬁre behaviour of bisphenol A polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC/ABS) in the vertical UL 94 scenario is presented. Four PC/ABS blends were discussed, which satisfy different UL 94 classiﬁ cations d ue to the competing ef fects of gasiﬁca ti on, charring, ﬂame inhibition and melt ﬂow/dripping. For numerical investigation, the particle ﬁnite element method (PFEM) is used. Its capability to model the complex ﬁre behaviour of polymers in the UL 94 is analysed. The materials’ properties are characterised, in particular the additives impact on the dripping behaviour during thermal exposure. BDP is an efﬁcie nt p lasticiser; adding PTFE p reve nts dripping by causing a ﬂo w limit. P FEM simulation s reproduce the dripping and burning behaviour, in particular the competition between gasiﬁcation and dripping. The thermal impact of both the burner and the ﬂame is approximated taking into account ﬂame inhibition, charring and effective heat of combustion. PFEM is a promising numerical tool for the investigation of the ﬁre behaviour of polymers, particularly when large deformations are involved. Not only the principal phenomena but also the different UL 94 classi ﬁ cations and t he exti nc tion times are well predicted.
Abstract
An experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP) and polytetraﬂuoroethylene (PTFE) on the ﬁre behaviour of bisphenol [...]
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P1/P0+ elements for incompressible flows with discontinuous material properties
E. Oñate, P. Nadukandi, S. Idelsohn

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2015). Vol. 293, pp. 191-206

Abstract
We present a 3-noded triangle and a 4-noded tetrahedra with a continuous linear velocity and a discontinuous linear pressure field formed by the sum of an unknown ''constant pressure field'' and ''a prescribed linear field'' that satisfies the steady state momentum equations for a constant body force. The elements are termed P1/P0+ as the “effective” pressure field is linear, although the unknown pressure field is piecewise constant within each element. The elements have an excellent behaviour for incompressible viscous flow problems with discontinuous material properties formulated in either Eulerian or Lagrangian descriptions. The necessary numerical stabilization for dealing with the inf-sup condition imposed by the incompressibility constraint and high convective effects (in Eulerian flows) is introduced via the Finite Calculus (FIC) approach. For the sake of clarity, the element derivation is presented first for the simpler Stokes equations written in the standard Eulerian frame. The extension of the formulation to the Navier-Stokes equations written in the Eulerian and Lagrangian frameworks is straightforward and is presented in the second part of the paper. The efficiency and accuracy of the new P1/P0+ triangle is verified by solving a set of incompressible multifluid flow problems using a Lagrangian approach and a classical Eulerian description. The excellent performance of the new triangular element in terms of mass conservation and general accuracy for analysis of fluids with discontinuous material properties is highlighted.
Abstract
We present a 3-noded triangle and a 4-noded tetrahedra with a continuous linear velocity and a discontinuous linear pressure field formed by the sum of an unknown ''constant [...]
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Lagrangian versus Eulerian integration errors
S. Idelsohn, E. Oñate, N. Nigro, P. Becker

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2015). Vol. 293, pp. 191–206; (preprint)

Abstract
The possibility to use a Lagrangian frame to solve problems with large time-steps was successfully explored previously by the authors for the solution of homogeneous incompressible fluids and also for solving multi-fluid problems [28-30]. The strategy used by the authors was named Particle Finite Element Method second generation (PFEM-2). The objective of this paper is to demonstrate in which circumstances the use of a Lagrangian frame with particles is more accurate than a classical Eulerian finite element method, and when large time-steps and/or coarse meshes may be used.
Abstract
The possibility to use a Lagrangian frame to solve problems with large time-steps was successfully explored previously by the authors for the solution of homogeneous incompressible [...]
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Informe de resultados. Fabricación y caracterización de hormigones H30 y H50
(2015). Technical Report

Abstract
En el presente documento se describen los procedimientos utilizados y resultados obtenidos en los ensayos realizados para la caracterización mecánica de dos hormigones de resistencias características a compresión de 30 MPa (H30) y 50 MPa (H50). La caracterización mecánica de los hormigones ha consistido en la determinación de las resistencias a compresión, tracción indirecta y cortante, la determinación del módulo secante de elasticidad en compresión y la determinación del comportamiento tensión-deformación del material hasta rotura. La fabricación de las muestras de ensayo y ejecución de los ensayos se ha realizado en el Laboratori de Tecnologia d’Estructures Luis Agulló (LTE).
Abstract
En el presente documento se describen los procedimientos utilizados y resultados obtenidos en los ensayos realizados para la caracterización mecánica de dos [...]
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A local constitutive model for the discrete element method. Application to geomaterials and concrete
E. Oñate, F. Zárate, J. Miquel, M. Santasusana, M. Celigueta, F. Arrufat, R. Gandikota, K. Valiullin, L. Ring

Computational Particle Mechanics (2015). Vol. 2(2) pp. 139-160

Abstract
This paper presents a local constitutive model for modelling the linear and non linear behavior of soft and hard cohesive materials with the discrete element method (DEM). We present the results obtained in the analysis with the DEM of cylindrical samples of cement, concrete and shale rock materials under a uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) test, different triaxial tests, a uniaxial strain compaction (USC) test and a brazilian tensile strength (BTS) test. DEM results compare well with the experimental values in all cases.
Abstract
This paper presents a local constitutive model for modelling the linear and non linear behavior of soft and hard cohesive materials with the discrete element method (DEM). [...]
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An implicit stabilized finite element method for the compressible Navier–Stokes equations using finite calculus
M. Kouhi, E. Oñate

Computational Mechanics (2015). Vol. 56(1) pp. 113-129

Abstract
A new implicit stabilized formulation for the numerical solution of the compressible NavierStokes equations is presented. The method is based on the Finite Calculus (FIC) scheme using the Galerkin finite element method (FEM) on triangular grids. Via the FIC formulation, two stabilization terms, called streamline term and transverse term, are added to the original conservation equations in the space-time domain. The non-linear system of equations resulting from the spatial discretization is solved implicitly using a damped Newton method benefiting from the exact Jacobian matrix. The matrix system is solved at each iteration with a preconditioned GMRES method. The efficiency of the proposed stabilization technique is checked out in the solution of 2D inviscid and laminar viscous flow problems where appropriate solutions are obtained especially near the boundary layer and shock waves. The work presented here can be considered as a follow up of a previous work of the authors [24]. In that paper, the stabilized Galerkin FEM based on the FIC formulation was derived for the Euler equations together with an explicit scheme. In the present paper, the extension of this work to the Navier-Stokes equations using an implicit scheme is presented.
Abstract
A new implicit stabilized formulation for the numerical solution of the compressible NavierStokes equations is presented. The method is based on the Finite Calculus (FIC) [...]
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On the effect of the bulk tangent matrix in partitioned solution schemes for nearly incompressible fluids
A. Franci, E. Oñate, J. Carbonell

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. (2015). Vol. 102(3-4) pp. 257-277

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of the bulk modulus in the iterative matrix for the analysis of quasi-incompressible free surface fluid flows using a mixed Lagrangian finite element formulation and a partitioned solution scheme. A practical rule to set up the value of a pseudo-bulk modulus a priori in the tangent bulk stiffness matrix for improving the conditioning of the linear system of algebraic equations is also given. The efficiency of the proposed strategy is tested in several problems analyzing the advantage of the modified bulk tangent matrix with regard to the stability of the pressure field, the convergence rate and the computational speed of the analyses. The technique has been tested on the FIC/PFEM Lagrangian formulation presented in [19] but it can be easily extended to other quasi-incompressible stabilized finite element formulations. Copyright c 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of the bulk modulus in the iterative matrix for the analysis of quasi-incompressible free surface fluid flows using a mixed [...]
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Adjoint-based adaptive finite element method for the compressible Euler equations using finite calculus
M. Kouhi, E. Oñate, D. Mavriplis

Aerospace Science and Technology (2014). Vol. 46 pp. 422-435

Abstract
In this paper, an adjoint-based error estimation and mesh adaptation framework is developed for the compressible inviscid flows. The algorithm employs the Finite Calculus (FIC) scheme for the numerical solution of the flow and discrete adjoint equations in the context of the Galerkin finite element method (FEM) on triangular grids. The FIC scheme treats the instabilities normally generated in the numerical solution of the fluid equations through adding two stabilization terms, called streamline term and transverse term, to the original central-based discretized formulation. The non-linear system of equations resulting from the flow problem is solved implicitly using a damped Newton’s method accompanied with the exact Jacobian matrix. A defect corrected scheme is implemented to iteratively solve the linear system of equations related to the adjoint problem benefiting from the transpose of the Jacobian matrix. At each iteration, the linear systems of equations resulting from the fluid and adjoint problems are solved using a preconditioned GMRES method. Having calculated the error of a specified output functional locally, an h-refinement methodology based on the element subdivision is performed to refine the candidate elements. The quality of the numerical results proves the capability of the presented approach for the adjoint-based error estimation and mesh adaptation problems in different flow regimes.
Abstract
In this paper, an adjoint-based error estimation and mesh adaptation framework is developed for the compressible inviscid flows. The algorithm employs the Finite Calculus [...]
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A simple FEM-DEM technique for fracture prediction in materials and structures
F. Zárate, E. Oñate

Comp. Part. Mech (2015). Vol. 2(3) pp. 301-314 (preprint)

Abstract
This paper presents a new computational technique for predicting the onset and evolution of fracture in a continuum in a simple manner combining the finite element method (FEM) and the discrete element method (DEM). Once a crack is detected at an element side in the FE mesh, discrete elements are generated at the nodes sharing the side and a simple DEM mechanism is considered to follow the evolution of the crack. The combination of the DEM with simple 3-noded linear triangular elements correctly captures the onset of fracture and its evolution, as shown in several examples of application in two and three dimensions.
Abstract
This paper presents a new computational technique for predicting the onset and evolution of fracture in a continuum in a simple manner combining the finite element method [...]
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Hemodynamics in the thoracic aorta using OpenFOAM: 4D PCMRI versus CFD
J. Casacuberta, E. Soudah, P. Gamez-Montero, G. Raush, R. Castilla, J. Pérez

Monograph CIMNE (2015). M154

Abstract
The aim of this work is the study of fluid dynamics models using the CFD software OpenFOAM, an open source software allowing meshing, manipulation, simulation and post-processing of many problems involving fluid mechanics. The work consists of a study with OpenFOAM of a real engineering problem, namely to analyze hemodynamics in the thoracic aorta in collaboration with CIMNE (Centre Internacional de Metodes Numerics a l'Enginyeria) and LABSON-UPC (Laboratorio de Sistemas Oleohidricos y Neumcos). Speci cally, the study aims to compute the shear stress that blood causes to aorta walls.
Abstract
The aim of this work is the study of fluid dynamics models using the CFD software OpenFOAM, an open source software allowing meshing, manipulation, simulation and post-processing [...]
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On the Numerical Modelling of Machining Processes via the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM)
J. Rodríguez, J. Cante, X. Oliver

Monograph CIMNE (2015). M156

Abstract
Metal cutting or machining is a process in which a thin layer or metal, the chip, is removed by a wedge-shaped tool from a large body. Metal cutting processes are present in big industries (automotive, aerospace, home appliance, etc.) that manufacture big products, but also high tech industries where small piece but high precision is needed. The importance of machining is such that, it is the most common manufacturing processes for producing parts and obtaining specified geometrical dimensions and surface finish, its cost represent 15% of the value of all manufactured products in all industrialized countries. Cutting is a complex physical phenomena in which friction, adiabatic shear bands, excessive heating, large strains and high rate strains are present. Tool geometry, rake angle and cutting speed play an important role in chip morphology, cutting forces, energy consumption and tool wear. The study of metal cutting is difficult from an experimental point of view, because of the high speed at which it takes place under industrial machining conditions (experiments are difficult to carry out), the small scale of the phenomena which are to be observed, the continuous development of tool and workpiece materials and the continuous development of tool geometries, among others reasons. Simulation of machining processes in which the workpiece material is highly deformed on metal cutting is a major challenge of the finite element method (FEM). The principal problem in using a conventional FE model with langrangian mesh is mesh distortion in the high deformation. Traditional Langrangian approaches such as FEM cannot resolve the large deformations very well. Element distortion has been always matter of concern which limited the analysis to incipient chip formation in some studies. Instead, FEM with an Eulerian formulation require the knowledge of the chip geometry in advance, which, undoubtedly, restricts the range of cutting conditions capable of being analyzed. Furthermore serrated and discontinuous chip formation cannot be simulated. The main objective of this work is precisely to contribute to solve some of the problems described above through the extension of the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) to thermo-mechanical problems in solid mechanics which involve large strains and rotations, multiple contacts and generation of new surfaces, with the main focus in the numerical simulation of metal cutting process. In this work, we exploit the particle and lagrangian nature of PFEM and the advantages of finite element discretization to simulate the different chip shapes (continuous and serrated) that appear when cutting materials like steel and titanium at different cutting speeds. The new ingredients of PFEM are focused on the insertion and remotion of particles, the use of constrained Delaunay triangulation and a novel transfer operator of the internal variables. The remotion and insertion of particles circumvents the difficulties associated to element distortion, allowing the separation of chip and workpiece without using a physical or geometrical criterion. The constrained Delaunay improves mass conservation and the chip shape through the simulation, and the transfer allows us to minimize the error due to numerical diffusion. The thermo-mechanical problem, formulated in the framework of continuum mechanics, is integrated using an isothermal split in conjunction with implicit, semi-explicit and IMPLEX schemes. The tool has been discretized using a standard three-node triangle finite element. The workpiece has been discretized using a mixed displacement-pressure finite element to deal with the incompressibility constraint imposed by plasticity. The mixed finite element has been stabilized using the Polynomial Pressure Projection (PPP), initially applied in the literature to the Stokes equation in the field of fluid mechanics. The behavior of the tool is described using a Neo-Hookean Hyperelastic constitutive model. The behavior of the workpiece is described using a rate dependent, isotropic, finite strain j2 elastoplasticity with three different yields functions used to describe the strain hardening, the strain rate hardening and the thermal softening (Simo, Johnson Cook, Baker) of different materials under a wide variety of cutting conditions. The friction at the tool chip interface is modeled using the Norton-Hoff friction law. The heat transfer at the tool chip interface includes heat transfer due to conduction and friction. To validate the proposed mixed displacement-pressure formulation, we present three benchmark problems which validate the approach, namely, plain strain Cook´s membrane, the Taylor impact test and a thermo-mechanical traction test. The isothermal-IMPLEX split presented in this work has been validated using a thermo-mechanical traction test. Besides, in order to explore the possibilities of the numerical model as a tool for assisting in the design and analysis of metal cutting processes a set of representative numerical simulations are presented in this work, among them: cutting using a rate independent yield function, cutting using different rake angles, cutting with a deformable tool and a frictionless approach, cutting with a deformable tool including friction and heat transfer, the transition from continuous to serrated chip formation increasing the cutting speed. We have assembled several numerical tec niques which enable the simulation of orthogonal cutting processes. Our simulations demonstrate the ability of the PFEM to predict chip morphologies consistent with experimental observations. Also, our results show that the suitable selection of the global time integration scheme may involve savings in computation time up to 9 times. Furthermore, this work present a sensibility analysis to cutting conditions by means of a Design of Experiments (DoE). The Design of Experiments carried out with PFEM has been compared with DoE carried out with AdvantaEdge, Deform, Abaqus and Experiments. The results obtained with PFEM and other numerical simulations are very similar, while, a comparison of numerical simulations and experiments show some differences in the output variables that depend on the friction phenomena. The results suggest that is necessary to improve the modelization of the friction at the tool-chip interface.
Abstract
Metal cutting or machining is a process in which a thin layer or metal, the chip, is removed by a wedge-shaped tool from a large body. Metal cutting processes are present [...]
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Capacidad de deformación de postes de acero ante demandas de viento
E. Hernández

International Journal of Natural Disasters, Accidents and Civil Infrastructure (2016). Vol. 16, (1)

Abstract
En este artículo se discuten los resultados de un estudio analítico que evalúa la respuesta inelástica de postes de acero ante demandas laterales de viento. Se realizaron análisis ante carga estática monótona creciente de diez postes con alturas entre los 10 m hasta los 30 m. Los análisis inelásticos se realizaron ante tres patrones de carga mediante el programa OpenSees considerando modelos detallados con secciones discretizadas con fibras. A base de los resultados, se propuso una deformación límite de diseño para el estado límite de servicio.
Abstract
En este artículo se discuten los resultados de un estudio analítico que evalúa la respuesta inelástica de postes de acero ante demandas laterales [...]
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Eficiencia de disipadores sintonizados de masa en estructuras con comportamiento elasto-plástico sometidas a cargas sísmicas
E. Duque, J. Inaudi, V. García

International Journal of Natural Disasters, Accidents and Civil Infrastructure (2015). Vol. 15, (1)

Abstract
Se presenta un análisis de la eficiencia de amortiguadores de masa sintonizada (TMD) en estructuras elasto-plásticas sometidas a cargas sísmicas. El estudio incluye el diseño óptimo del TMD tomando en consideración el nivel de plastificación alcanzado por la estructura principal. La excitación sísmica se representa a través de un proceso aleatorio estacionario de ruido blanco filtrado (filtro de Kanai-Tajimi) y el comportamiento elasto-plástico de la estructura principal se representa mediante el modelo de Bouc-Wen. La optimización de los parámetros del TMD con el criterio de reducción de desplazamiento de la estructura principal ante la acción sísmica, permite obtener los parámetros de rigidez y de amortiguamiento óptimos para distintos niveles de plastificación estructural dependiente de la intensidad de la excitación sísmica. Los valores de rigidez óptima se ajustaron a una función que resulta de asumir que la fuerza resistente del TMD tiene una componente lineal, otra no lineal elástica y disipación viscosa lineal. Los resultados confirman que el TMD trabaja eficientemente en la reducción de los desplazamientos de la estructura ante eventualidades sísmicas, aun cuando la estructura incursione en un régimen plástico, aunque las reducciones logradas no resultan significativas en los casos de estructuras sometidas a altas intensidades sísmicas que producen altos niveles de demanda inelástica.
Abstract
Se presenta un análisis de la eficiencia de amortiguadores de masa sintonizada (TMD) en estructuras elasto-plásticas sometidas a cargas sísmicas. El estudio incluye el [...]
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Propuesta metodológica para el análisis de las crecidas del río Pilcomayo y su aplicación para el año 2014
A. Tachino, C. Vargas, M. Corral, M. Pagot, P. Gyssels, A. Rodriguez

International Journal of Natural Disasters, Accidents and Civil Infrastructure (2015). Vol. 15, (1)

Abstract
El Pilcomayo es un sistema fluvial de régimen muy variable y no regulado, con una de las tasas de transporte de sedimentos en suspensión más altas del mundo (125x106 Tn/año). Al salir de su tramo de montaña cercano a la ciudad boliviana de Villamontes, el río se caracteriza por altas tasas de sedimentación las cuales aumentan hacia aguas abajo. Como consecuencia, el río en la cuenca media presenta una geometría de cauce colgado, lo que sumado a su traza meandriforme y la no regulación de sus caudales, propician condiciones de alto riesgo de avulsión, es decir cambio repentino del cauce en su planialtimetría, propiciada por crecidas donde el flujo desborda en puntos específicos o ?puntos críticos?.El río Pilcomayo es estratégico para el desarrollo socioeconómico del Norte Argentino, en particular para las Provincias de Salta y Formosa. La mayor parte de la cuenca activa se encuentra en Bolivia y luego es límite entre Argentina y Paraguay hasta la zona de Embocadura donde las aguas son distribuidas entre ambos países, siguiendo aguas abajo cursos naturales como el Bañado La Estrella y Río Monte Lindo.El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar una metodología para el análisis y estudio de las crecidas del Río Pilcomayo, así como también presentar su aplicación a la crecida del año 2014. El método se aplica al tramo que va desde Villamontes (Bolivia) hasta Misión La Paz / Pozo Hondo (Argentina / Paraguay), tramo donde se ubican la mayoría de los puntos críticos con riesgo de avulsión.
Abstract
El Pilcomayo es un sistema fluvial de régimen muy variable y no regulado, con una de las tasas de transporte de sedimentos en suspensión más altas del mundo (125x106 Tn/año). [...]
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Comparación de espectros de sitio especifico obtenidos a partir de sismos reales y mediante la aplicación de la normativa MOC-CFE2008 para la ciudad de Colima, México.
H. Lozoya, C. Huerta-Lopez, T. Reyes, A. Meléndez, E. Sánchez, M. Sandoval, J. Jácome, E. Mora

International Journal of Natural Disasters, Accidents and Civil Infrastructure (2015). Vol. 15, (1)

Abstract
En el presente estudio se realizaron mediciones de vibración ambiental (VA) en 9 puntos de la ciudad de Colima, mediante arreglos de estaciones. Particularmente, se usó la técnica de auto-correlación espacial, y estimaron las curvas de dispersión de ondas Rayleigh, a las cuales se aplico el proceso numérico de inversión para estimar los perfiles de velocidad de ondas de corte (VS). Se compararon las funciones de transferencia obtenidas en este estudio, con los obtenidos por Chávez et al (2007). Para lo anterior, se emplearon registros de 2 sismos grandes ocurridos en la zona de subducción como las funciones de Green que se propagaron verticalmente por cada perfil. Se estimaron periodos naturales utilizando los registros de VA y se compararon con los obtenidos mediante PRODISIS del MOC-2008 de la Comisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE, 2008). Los resultados obtenidos muestran una distribución de periodos naturales de vibración acordes con la geología local. Asimismo, se usaron las señales estimadas en superficie, para estimar los espectros de respuesta en todos los sitios para posteriormente compararlos con los espectros de diseño calculados según la normativa MOC-2008, pues dicha norma es la comúnmente usada en proyectos de construcción en México para sitios donde no se dispone de una normativa sísmica local. Los espectros de diseño en todos los casos tienen importantes zonas con amplitudes menores respecto a las obtenidas para los espectros de respuesta calculados mediante registros de sismos reales, principalmente en la banda de periodos cortos.
Abstract
En el presente estudio se realizaron mediciones de vibración ambiental (VA) en 9 puntos de la ciudad de Colima, mediante arreglos de estaciones. Particularmente, se usó [...]
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Estudio de la vulnerabilidad sísmica del centro histórico de Tapachula, Chiapas, con el método del índice de vulnerabilidad
A. Sibaja, F. Vidal-Sanchez, C. Aranda-Caballero

International Journal of Natural Disasters, Accidents and Civil Infrastructure (2015). Vol. 15, (1)

Abstract
Los sismos destructores históricos y recientes han mostrado que el colapso de las edificaciones es el factor que más contribuye a la pérdida de vidas humanas. Un estudio de vulnerabilidad sísmica determina el nivel de seguridad de una zona urbana o de una serie de edificaciones ante los movimientos sísmicos que pueden ocurrir en dicho sitio. Mediante este tipo de estudio se hace un diagnóstico de niveles de desempeño de cada edificación y se evalúa su posible comportamiento y susceptibilidad al daño sísmico. En este trabajo se ha estimado lavulnerabilidad sísmica de 399 edificaciones de 22 manzanas del Centro Histórico de Tapachula, Chiapas, con dos métodos: primero el de clasificación tipológica según la Escala Macrosísmica Europea (EMS-98) y posteriormente mediante el método del índice de vulnerabilidad sísmica(MIV) de RISK-UE. Este método es un refinamiento del primero que cuantifica mejor los factores de construcción y comportamiento de cada edificio que modifican su vulnerabilidad. Los resultados obtenidos se presentan en tablas y mapas de lnerabilidad sísmica y muestran que en la zona estudiada predominan las edificaciones con clases de vulnerabilidad alta (B) y muy alta (A) y que la estimación de la vulnerabilidad aplicando los criterios de la Escala EMS mejoran significativamente al aplicar MIV, que detecta un incremento de construcciones de clase A (de 36 a 44) y una disminución de las de clase E (de 13 a 5) respecto a la evaluación con EMS.
Abstract
Los sismos destructores históricos y recientes han mostrado que el colapso de las edificaciones es el factor que más contribuye a la pérdida de vidas humanas. Un estudio [...]
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Corrupción y burocracia: Enemigos de la rehabilitación antes y después de un terremoto
A. Gonzalez-Quevedo

International Journal of Natural Disasters, Accidents and Civil Infrastructure (2015). Vol. 15, (1)

Abstract
Editorial: Corrupción y burocracia: Enemigos de la rehabilitación antes y después de un terremoto
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Thermomechanical simulation of an industrial quenching process applied to a centrifugal pump impeller
C. García–Herrera, D. Celentano, M. Cruchaga, C. Loewe

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (3)

Abstract
The thermomechanical behaviour during the quenching process of a centrifugal pump impeller made of white iron is studied in this work. The analysis is carried out using a coupled thermomechanical formulation that is discretized within the context of the finite element method. The material response is described by means of a thermoplastic model that includes phase-change effects. In particular, a heat treatment consisting in cooling from the austenizing temperature is presented with the aim of assessing the failure occurrence of the part at the end of the process. Three different criteria written in terms of the stresses and plastic deformations developed during the cooling stage are specifically compared to evaluate the final mechanical damage. The study is focused on two impeller configurations, with 4 and 5 blades, where fracture occurs in the former during its industrial production. The numerical results obtained in this work for these two cases confirm that the proposed methodology realistically predicts their failure possibilities.
Abstract
The thermomechanical behaviour during the quenching process of a centrifugal pump impeller made of white iron is studied in this work. The analysis is carried out using a [...]
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Dynamic ground stress‐path evolution due to the railway traffic: A parametric study
A. Colaço, P. Costa, P. Lopes

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (2)

Abstract
In this paper, a numerical study of the geomechanical stress state evolution induced by the railway traffic is presented. The numerical model is based on a 2.5D formulation with the ability to account for the dynamic train‐track interaction. For the case study, the stress state evolution is systematized in the form of stress paths. The results obtained allow to recognize the great influence of the train speed and the presence of irregularities in the track for the behavior of the railway track. Based on the knowledge acquired during the implementation of previous parametric studies, the adequacy of the hollow cylinder torsional test to simulate the complex stress paths induced in the ground of the traffic railway is evaluated. The results obtained allow to put in perspective the simulation of these loads in laboratory, with the aim of studying the damage accumulation in the specimens.
Abstract
In this paper, a numerical study of the geomechanical stress state evolution induced by the railway traffic is presented. The numerical model is based on a 2.5D formulation [...]
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Structural stability in elastoplastic 2D frames
M. Cacho-Pérez, P. López-Reyes, A. Lorenzana, J. Terán

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (2)

Abstract
The evaluation of the maximum level of load that any 2D framed structure can undergo, before plastic collapse or buckling, is addressed in this paper. The analytical approach, based on a beam element with elastic behaviour except on its ends, uses an incremental approach to determine when changes appear due to plastic behaviour. When the combination of axial force and bending moment in any cross-section reaches the plastic function, that section is considered to yield suddenly and relative displacements can appear because of the yielding. The model includes the traditional plastic hinge, which only considers relative rotation due to the effect of the bending moment. The sequential loading and yielding reduces the stiffness and stability of the frame, which is computed and compared with the classic plastic methods of analysis.
Abstract
The evaluation of the maximum level of load that any 2D framed structure can undergo, before plastic collapse or buckling, is addressed in this paper. The analytical approach, [...]
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Virtual screening refined with parallel neural approaches improves drug discovering
H. Pérez-Sánchez, G. Cano, J. García-Rodríguez, J. Cecilia

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (4)

Abstract
In the field of clinical research, it is crucial to determine the safety and efficacy of current drugs and further accelerate the discovery of new active compounds. The traditional methods performed expensive laboratory tests. These methods are very costly and require a long time. However, bioinformatics can greatly facilitate the clinical research for the above purposes, providing the prediction of drug toxicity and activity in new diseases and evaluating the validity of active compounds discovered in clinical trials. This can be achieved through the availability of bioinformatics tools and methods of computer virtual screening (VS) that allow the test all the necessary hypotheses before doing the clinical trials, such as structural docking using the BINDSURF program. However, the accuracy of most VS methods is severely restricted due to constraints in the affinity or scoring functions describing biomolecular interactions, and even today these uncertainties are not fully known. In this paper we address this problem by proposing a new approach in which neural networks are trained with information on databases of known compounds (target proteins and drugs), for further exploiting the method to improve the accuracy of VS BINDSURF predictions of affinity.
Abstract
In the field of clinical research, it is crucial to determine the safety and efficacy of current drugs and further accelerate the discovery of new active compounds. The traditional [...]
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Contribution to the fluid-structure interaction analysis of ultra-lightweight structures using an embedded approach
D. Baumgärtner, J. Wolf, R. Rossi, R. Wüchner, P. Dadvand

Monograph CIMNE (2015). M152

Abstract
Designing large ultra-lightweight structures within a fluid flow, such as inflatable hangars in an atmospheric environment, requires an analysis of the naturally occurring fluid-structure interaction (FSI). To this end multidisciplinary simulation techniques may be used. The latter, though, have to be capable of dealing with complex shapes and large deformations as well as challenging phenomena like wrinkling or folding of the structure. To overcome such problems the method of embedded domains may be used. In this work we discuss a new solution procedure for FSI analyses based on the method of embedded domains. In doing so, we are in particular answering the questions: How to track the interface in the embedded approach, how does the subsequent solution procedure look like and how does both compare to the well-known Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) approach? In this context a level set technique as well as different mapping and mesh-updating strategies are developed and evaluated. Furthermore the solution procedure of a completely embedded FSI analysis is established and tested using different small- and large-scale examples. All results are finally compared to results from an ALE approach. It is shown that the embedded approach offers a powerful and robust alternative in terms of the FSI analysis of ultra-lightweight structures with complex shapes and large deformations. With regard to the solution accuracy, however, clear restrictions are elaborated.
Abstract
Designing large ultra-lightweight structures within a fluid flow, such as inflatable hangars in an atmospheric environment, requires an analysis of the naturally occurring [...]
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Improving an input of material model in the D-DEMPack package programme in the Kratos application for granular non-cohesive materials
H. Koszur

(2015). Research Report, Nº PI412

Abstract
The main objective of this document is to present an idea of calibration tests used to improve an input material model in the DEM simulations in the D-DEMPack package programme in the Kratos application, which is developed in CIMNE. Presented method lets increase the precision and validity of discrete element modeling work. The calibration tests presented in this protocol may be used for granular non-cohesive materials ( for loose, dry granular material). They concern only the sphere shape of particles. The tests were conducted on couple different sizes of particles, in this work are presented results for average diameter of grains equal to 5cm (normal distribution with standard deviation equal to 0,05). The results of research may provide a basis for proper computing project data for preparing material model for loose, dry granular material. Tested by the author methods have been developed based on an article [1].
Abstract
The main objective of this document is to present an idea of calibration tests used to improve an input material model in the DEM simulations in the D-DEMPack package programme [...]
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Unified Lagrangian formulation for fluid and solid mechanics, fluid-structure interaction and coupled thermal problems using the PFEM
A. Franci, E. Oñate, J. Carbonell

Monograph CIMNE (2015). M155

Abstract
The objective of this work is the derivation and implementation of a unified Finite Element formulation for the solution of fluid and solid mechanics, Fluid-Structure Inter- action (FSI) and coupled thermal problems. The unified procedure is based on a stabilized velocity-pressure Lagrangian formulation. Each time step increment is solved using a two-step Gauss-Seidel scheme: first the linear momentum equations are solved for the velocity increments, next the continuity equation is solved for the pressure in the updated configuration. The Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) is used for the fluid domains, while the Finite Element Method (FEM) is employed for the solid ones. As a consequence, the domain is remeshed only in the parts occupied by the fluid. Linear shape functions are used for both the velocity and the pressure fields. In order to deal with the incompressibility of the materials, the formulation has been stabilized using an updated version of the Finite Calculus (FIC) method. The procedure has been derived for quasi-incompressible Newtonian fluids. In this work, the FIC stabilization procedure has been extended also to the analysis of quasi-incompressible hypoelastic solids. Specific attention has been given to the study of free surface flow problems. In particular, the mass preservation feature of the PFEM-FIC stabilized procedure has been deeply studied with the help of several numerical examples. Furthermore, the conditioning of the problem has been analyzed in detail describing the effect of the bulk modulus on the numerical scheme. A strategy based on the use of a pseudo bulk modulus for improving the conditioning of the linear system is also presented. The unified formulation has been validated by comparing its numerical results to ex- perimental tests and other numerical solutions for fluid and solid mechanics, and FSI problems. The convergence of the scheme has been also analyzed for most of the prob- lems presented. The unified formulation has been coupled with the heat tranfer problem using a staggered scheme. A simple algorithm for simulating phase change problems is also described. The numerical solution of several FSI problems involving the temperature is given. The thermal coupled scheme has been used successfully for the solution of an industrial problem. The objective of study was to analyze the damage of a nuclear power plant pressure vessel induced by a high viscous fluid at high temperature, the corium. The numerical study of this industrial problem has been included in this work.
Abstract
The objective of this work is the derivation and implementation of a unified Finite Element formulation for the solution of fluid and solid mechanics, Fluid-Structure Inter- [...]
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Evaluation of three different approximations for the solution of the direct problem on electrical impedance tomography
J. Martins, C. Moura, R. Vargas

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (1)

Abstract
The present study compares three different solutions for the direct problem of Electrical Impedance Tomography using the finite difference method. In this technique, electrodes are positioned on the boundary of a volume to be studied, and in two of them current patterns are injected and measurements of electrical potential are made in the remaining electrodes. The numerical inversion of the data allows reconstruction of the analyzed domain. Two new approximations are proposed for the direct problem and comparisons are performed based on results available in the literature. In the study performed here, in one of the proposed approximations it was observed a significant improvement in accuracy compared to results obtained with the approximations in the literature.
Abstract
The present study compares three different solutions for the direct problem of Electrical Impedance Tomography using the finite difference method. In this technique, electrodes [...]
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A parallelizable scheme for pseudospectra computing of large matrices
B. Otero, R. Astudillo, Z. Castillo

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (1)

Abstract
The pseudospectra is a powerful tool to study the behavior of dynamic systems associated to non-normal matrices. Studies and applications have increased in the last decades, thus, its efficient computation has become of interest for the scientific community. In the large scale setting, different approaches have been proposed, some of them based on projection on Krylov subspaces. In this work we use the idea proposed by Wright and Trefethen to approximate the pseudospectra of a matrix A using a projection Hm of smaller size. Additionally, we propose a domain decomposition of the interest region into subregions which are assigned to a set of processors. Each processor calculates the minimal singular values of matrices (zI − Hm) where z = x + yi represents a point of the corresponding subregion. We conduct a numerical experimentation comparing the results with those on the literature of the topic. In all cases the proposed scheme shows a reduction in CPU time with respect to the sequential version, achieving from 41x to 101x.
Abstract
The pseudospectra is a powerful tool to study the behavior of dynamic systems associated to non-normal matrices. Studies and applications have increased in the last decades, [...]
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Assessing aerodynamic flutter instability in prismatic structures with rectangular cross sections
M. Tavares, A. Costa, F. Simões

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (1)

Abstract
This paper is dedicated to the study of the occurrence of flutter instability in slender prismatic structures of rectangular cross section. A two degree of freedom model is considered and its non dimensional formulation is derived so that a minimum number of non dimensional parameters governing the occurrence of flutter instability are put in evidence. A very good agreement has been obtained by comparing the results of the two degree of freedom model with the results available in the literature. The goal of this document is twofold: (i) to summarize the conditions for which slender structures with rectangular cross sections may get unstable by flutter under the action of steady wind conditions and (ii) to supply a broad collection of data in the form of ready-to-use tables or graphics covering a wide range of cases, that provide a basis for designers to predict the critical wind velocities at the onset of flutter instability.
Abstract
This paper is dedicated to the study of the occurrence of flutter instability in slender prismatic structures of rectangular cross section. A two degree of freedom model is [...]
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Seismic risk scenarios of the Eixample district in Valencia
A. Guardiola-Víllora, L. Basset-Salom

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (2)

Abstract
The assessment of damage scenarios and human and material losses is essential for seismic risk reduction, even in regions of low or moderate seismicity. A seismic risk evaluation is carried out in the residential district of Eixample in Valencia (Spain), a district with great historical and architectural value, with predominantly masonry buildings and where most of the modernist heritage of the city is located. Seismic vulnerability has been evaluated following the vulnerability index method [1] obtaining the seismic quality for the residential building stock taking into account the structural typology, maintenance level, age and geometry, and identifying the most vulnerable buildings. Damage probability matrices for deterministic and probabilistic scenarios have subsequently been determined considering a binomial or beta-equivalent probability distribution and, using a geographic information system, scenarios of damage, losses and costs maps have been produced for each earthquake intensity. Results confirm that vulnerability and seismic risk is significant and, therefore, a detailed study will enhance the structural earthquake performance of the buildings in the district, especially if they are protected, helping to reduce human and material losses, and safeguarding the citys heritage. On the other hand, the Special Plan against Earthquake Risk in the Valencia Region, approved in 2011, recommends the development of specific plans in several municipalities including the city of Valencia. This small study can serve as a starting point to be extended to the entire city.
Abstract
The assessment of damage scenarios and human and material losses is essential for seismic risk reduction, even in regions of low or moderate seismicity. A seismic risk evaluation [...]
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Simulation of moving loads on structures using a moving finite element mesh
M. Such, J. Jimenez-Octavio, A. Carnicero, C. Sanchez-Rebollo

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (4)

Abstract
This paper presents a methodology to analyze the dynamic behavior of structures under moving loads. A finite element moving mesh algorithm has been developed in order to integrally move a part of the mesh following a moving load. This algorithm has been validated with the analytical solution of a moving load applied on a simply supported beam.
Abstract
This paper presents a methodology to analyze the dynamic behavior of structures under moving loads. A finite element moving mesh algorithm has been developed in order to integrally [...]
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Pseudo forces and stress evaluation in hyper beam models
S. Monleón, C. Lázaro, J. Casanova, A. Domingo

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (2)

Abstract
This paper deals with the unified formulation of linear models in rod elastostatics and, specifically, with the class of models including generalized displacements that are additional to those defining rigid body motions of the cross-sections. The main feature of these models, named hyper beam models by the authors, is the coupling between static and kinematic variables in the equilibrium equations. New static variables called pseudo forces have been introduced to represent the action of the internal constraints which control the deformation of the cross-section. Using the pseudo forces, a systematic procedure to evaluate the model-consistent stress distributions on cross-sections –which is an approximation of the 3D elastic solution– has been developed. The application of the unified formulation to a problem requiring the introduction of non rigid-body-motional degrees of freedom –warped bending– shows its ability to systematically build the equations, and to assess the influence of the intervening parameters. The response-defining variables, parameters and equations, as well as the expressions of consistent stress distributions on the sections, are obtained by means of the proposed unified procedure, parting exclusively from the cross-sectional kinematics expressed in terms of the respective generalized displacements.
Abstract
This paper deals with the unified formulation of linear models in rod elastostatics and, specifically, with the class of models including generalized displacements that are [...]
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Computational wind engineering and its application in civil engineering. Aerodynamic and aeroelastic analysis
A. Awruch, A. Braun, M. Greco

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (1)

Abstract
Experimental tests in wind tunnels have been traditionally employed as a fundamental tool to evaluate aerodynamic and aeroelastic effects due to wind action on civil engineering structures, such as bridges and slender buildings. In the last decades, due to the versatility presented by numerical methods to change physical as well as geometrical parameters, numerical simulation has become a very attractive tool. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Computational Structural Dynamics (CSD) together with Fluid‐Structure Interaction (FSI) techniques are employed in aerodynamic and aeroelastic analysis in several engineering fields. Aerodynamic and aeroelastic behavior due to wind action on the Guama River Bridge, located at Pará State, Brazil, is first studied, taking into account experimental tests performed in the Wind Tunnel Joaquim Blessman of the Building Aerodynamic Laboratory, UFRGS. Numerical procedures are used to simulate experimental tests in order to determine aerodynamic and aeroelastic characteristics of the bridge, which is idealized by sectional models. Finally, an aeroelastic analysis of a flexible slender building is presented. Good results are obtained using numerical simulation, when compared with experimental tests.
Abstract
Experimental tests in wind tunnels have been traditionally employed as a fundamental tool to evaluate aerodynamic and aeroelastic effects due to wind action on civil engineering [...]
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A calculation methodology for the determination of the dynamic alongwind response of tall structures under wind action
H. Castro, M. Bortoli, R. Paz, J. Marighetti

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (4)

Abstract
The optimization of computing methods along with the advance of construction technology of civil structures, allow nowadays to design and build lighter and low stiffness and damping structures, turning them into elements of high sensitivity against wind-induced dynamic effects. The purpose of this work is to describe and to apply a simple calculation methodology that enables the determination of the longitudinal dynamic response of tall buildings in time domain. The wind velocity field is reproduced by velocity series that incorporate the coherence function which then are transformed into fluctuating nodal forces using the quasi-static loading model. Furthermore, to include the effect of imperfect averaging associated with the discretized nodes, the aerodynamic admittance function is added. Through the proposed methodology two structures widely studied by other authors are analyzed: a steel tower and the CAARC Standard Tall Building. The results thus obtained show agreement with those reported in the literature.
Abstract
The optimization of computing methods along with the advance of construction technology of civil structures, allow nowadays to design and build lighter and low stiffness and [...]
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Simplified model for the study of the asymmetric rocking motion of slender rigid bodies
F. Peña

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (1)

Abstract
This paper deals with the numerical modelling of rigid blocks by means of a rigid body spring model (RBSM). The hypothesis of small rotations has been considered in order to simplify the mathematical formulation. The asymmetric rocking motion is described. Extensive numerical simulations have been carried out in order to validate the numerical model, as well as to study the dynamical behaviour of asymmetric rigid bodies. The maximum response depends on the type of asymmetry and the direction of the load, which should become new variables in the study of asymmetric rocking motion.
Abstract
This paper deals with the numerical modelling of rigid blocks by means of a rigid body spring model (RBSM). The hypothesis of small rotations has been considered in order [...]
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Hemodynamic on abdominal aortic aneurysm: Parametric study
E. Soudah, G. Vilalta, M. Bordone, F. Nieto, J. Vilalta, C. Vaquero

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (2)

Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess how the shape of the abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) affects the hemodynamic wall stresses. With this purpose, different AAAs are studied through simplified models based on geometrical parameters of the aneurism such as its maximum and minimum diameter, length and asymmetry. Then, a computational fluid dynamics analysis is performed on the simplified models in order to compute pressure and wall shear stresses on the aneurysm sac. The results obtained show that blood pressure is the main dynamic load acting on the artery wall, and that the morphology of the aneurysm could be a good indicator of risk of failure. Furthermore, the computational results are compared with patient-specific real models with the objective to assess the reliability of the proposed simplified approach.
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess how the shape of the abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) affects the hemodynamic wall stresses. With this purpose, different AAAs are studied [...]
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Development of a decision support system for optimization of the performance of sailing yachts
J. García-Espinosa, I. Ortigosa, A. Fernández

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (3)

Abstract
In this paper, the conception and design of a new monitoring system for a racing yachts rig is presented. The sensors developed are able to process the measured strain data, by applying artificial neural networks (ANN) algorithms, and then evaluate the load acting on an element and identify the direction of the action of that force. This way, it is possible to identify the actual operating conditions of the yacht rig. The required data for ANN training is generated from the results obtained from different finite element method (FEM) computational models of the device. Furthermore, during the design phase of the system, different experimental campaigns were carried out. The experimental tests were designed to serve as proof of concept, as well as to validate the different procedures used in the system development and application. The developed monitoring system is wireless, low-intrusive and easily adaptable to any yacht configuration. This work also presents the integration of the monitoring system into a coupled fluid-structure computation model for the sails and rig of a boat. The resulting system is an efficient tool for evaluating performance and decision support in the adjustment of a sailboat rig.
Abstract
In this paper, the conception and design of a new monitoring system for a racing yachts rig is presented. The sensors developed are able to process the measured strain data, [...]
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Design of a movil manipulator with optimum mechanical energy using differential evolution
D. De-la-Cruz-Muciño, M. Villarreal-Cervantes, E. Portilla-Flores

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (4)

Abstract
In this work, the design of kinematic and dynamic parameters of links of a mobile manipulator is stated as a numerical optimization problem (NOP). The NOP aims to minimize the mechanical energy of the system in critical positions given by the vertices of a workspace and consequently reduce the energy consumption of the control system during its operation in the workspace. An exhaustive exploitation mechanism is included in the traditional differential evolution algorithm to improve the search into a neighborhood in the design space. Simulation results show the performance of the algorithm. The resulting design shows less energy consumption than other three designs.
Abstract
In this work, the design of kinematic and dynamic parameters of links of a mobile manipulator is stated as a numerical optimization problem (NOP). The NOP aims to minimize [...]
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Numerical analysis of the vibrational behavior of the moving assembly of a dynamic loudspeaker
E. Segovia, J. Carbajo, A. Espí, J. Ramis

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (3)

Abstract
This paper describes the process undertaken to analyze numerically the vibrational behavior of the moving assembly of a dynamic loudspeaker with double bottom suspension and in the absence of the above one using the finite element method (FEM). The study focuses on the low frequency range. Model calibration was performed based on experimental measurements of the resonance frequency and diaphragm displacement. The importance of the participation factors associated to the excitation force and the changes produced in these when unbalanced forces are introduced are emphasized. The analysis also provides data to decide on the distance between suspensions, their optimal number of folds and the placement of the lead wires, parameters of great interest on the design of this type of loudspeakers.
Abstract
This paper describes the process undertaken to analyze numerically the vibrational behavior of the moving assembly of a dynamic loudspeaker with double bottom suspension and [...]
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Modeling of the free border singularity in 3D cracks using XFEM and spherical harmonics
V. González-Albuixech, E. Giner, J. Tarancón

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (1)

Abstract
One type of singularity that may appear in a three-dimensional fracture problem under elastic behavior is the free corner singularity, which occurs at the intersection of the crack with a free boundary and whose effect is usually ignored. The extended finite element method (XFEM) is a technique that allows the efficient numerical modeling of fracture problems, by using enrichment functions within a finite element model that incorporate the geometry and effect of the crack. However, when applied to the study of a problem with corner singularity, the singular behavior is not properly captured. The reason is that the usual enrichment in the XFEM only describes the typical crack front singularity. Hence, in order to include the effect of the free border singularity, the enrichment has to be modified. In this work, we present a new set of functions which relies on spherical harmonics and is able to capture the behavior of the free border singularity.
Abstract
One type of singularity that may appear in a three-dimensional fracture problem under elastic behavior is the free corner singularity, which occurs at the intersection of [...]
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Changes in wave propagation in a guitar top plate due to the fan bracing and the bridge
J. Torres, D. Torres-Torres

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (4)

Abstract
Wave propagation on a guitar top plate was explored using transient analysis. The goal of using time domain, instead of frequency domain as it is commonly reported, was to achieve a more simple approach about the influence of the fan bracing and the bridge. For this purpose, the elastic properties of a real top plate were measured through simple experiments, in order to build the respective finite element model. The model exhibited good agreement with experimental behaviors of the literature. In the same top plate, the propagation of two kinds of waves was simulated; one analysis was done using one wave of high harmonic content, and another applying a wave with low harmonic content. Results showed, to naked eye, that the velocity of propagation over the top plate clearly changed due to their interactions with the attached structures. Such change was particularly noticeable for waves of short wavelength, in other words, for high frequencies. Then, it is evident that for guitars, designs of fan bracing and bridge are crucial, mainly, in treble sounds radiated by the instruments.
Abstract
Wave propagation on a guitar top plate was explored using transient analysis. The goal of using time domain, instead of frequency domain as it is commonly reported, was to [...]
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Study of the optical behavior of skins using Monte Carlo techniques
J. Campoy, R. Alcarria, A. González-Marcos

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (3)

Abstract
In both biomedical optics and biophotonics, one of the main challengers is the simulation of light spread in biological tissues. The approximation which is most used is Monte Carlos method; it is a standard because of its flexibility and its reliability modeling heterogeneous tissues. This paper shows how to analyse the optical behaviour of the skin, and how some of the deductions drawn from this analysis can add information for the diagnosis and treatment of skins. The optic qualities of healthy skins from different races have been applied; and as a possible alteration in the skin, basalioma presence has been studied. The results provide us with a method to distinguish between “healthy” and “ill” skin, which could make the procedure to identify cancer skins easier. From the study of the different healthy skins an example of immediate application also appears which benefits from the knowledge acquired from the values obtained (photodepilation). In this work the most valued results of the simulation programs based in Monte Carlos technics are presented, which allow studying the skins behaviour facing an optical radiation; the approximation to the light trajectory interacting with the tissues is obtained from the optic qualities known before. First of all, a general approach to the theme is carried out, identifying the main problems that appear in this kind of studies and a commercial programme is used.
Abstract
In both biomedical optics and biophotonics, one of the main challengers is the simulation of light spread in biological tissues. The approximation which is most used is Monte [...]
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An efficient simulation of structures under impulsive loadings and an expedited application
A. Motta, N. Ebecken

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (1)

Abstract
The class of physical problems of metal structures subject to rapid, large amplitude loads, such as occurs when they are submitted to an explosion blast, involves large deformations and inelastic action. Current state of art in explicit dynamic Finite Element Analysis codes require time steps limited by stability requirements rather than by accuracy. For very high rate processes, accuracy would require a very small time step so that the stability limit does not penalize. Acceptable accuracy may not require such small steps if implicit methods are considered. The implicit methods used in quasi‐static analysis, however, require the solution of large systems of equations, and several such systems must be solved at each time step to satisfy the dynamic equilibrium when using Newton iteration. The direct matrix solvers that are used incur in computational costs that grow as n m2, where n is number of degrees‐of‐freedom and m is the band of the front width, thus resulting in prohibitive costs for very large problems. In this work, the use of higher order, implicit time integration and matrix‐free solution of the system of equations is explored. Computational efficiency of explicit codes is combined with the inherent stability of implicit methods. The model developed is applied in the simulation of a complex structure, with elevated computational cost, showing its validity.
Abstract
The class of physical problems of metal structures subject to rapid, large amplitude loads, such as occurs when they are submitted to an explosion blast, involves large deformations [...]
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Nonlinear dynamical model for the assessment of the seismic behaviour of ferrocement houses
D. Bedoya-Ruiz, G. Ortiz, D. Álvarez, J. Hurtado

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (3)

Abstract
This article evaluates the cyclic behaviour of a prototype of a precast ferrocement house, which is assembled using precast thin walls, in order to identify its structural parameters and propose a nonlinear dynamical model which is able to simulate the behaviour of those houses when subjected to seismic loading. For this purpose, a full-scale precast ferrocement house was tested under cyclic loading conditions. From the experimental results, the hysteretic behaviour, the elastic stiffness, the shear resistance, the maximum strength, the ductility, the energy dissipation, the equivalent damping and its coefficient of energy dissipation were assessed; those parameters are needed in order to evaluate the dynamic behaviour of ferrocement dwellings when subjected to earthquakes. At the end, the Bouc-Wen-Baber-Noori (BWBN) model of hysteresis was implemented. The model allowed performing the seismic evaluation of the precast ferrocement house under seismic activity.
Abstract
This article evaluates the cyclic behaviour of a prototype of a precast ferrocement house, which is assembled using precast thin walls, in order to identify its structural [...]
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Derivation of nodular cast iron elastic properties via computational micromechanics
F. Rodríguez, P. Dardati, L. Godoy, D. Celentano

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (2)

Abstract
Nodular cast iron is a Fe-C-Si metallic alloy whose microstructure consists of a matrix, composed in general of ferrite and pearlite, with graphite nodules embedded in it. Owing to its microscopical heterogeneity, the material response is governed by the properties, morphology and typology of the phases involved. This work reports on the evaluation of the elastic properties, i.e., Youngs modulus and Poissons ratio, of an equivalent homogeneous material that characterizes the macroscopic response of a nodular cast iron. Asymptotic homogenization is used to this end. This approach is applied to both 3D and 2D multiparticle cells simulated via the finite element method. Two different physically and geometrically-based criteria are considered to estimate the representative volume element (RVE), where the size of the RVE is found to be sensitive to the chosen criterion. The main microstructural features are obtained from a computational simulation of the solidification process of the material. The numerical predictions computed for the 3D and 2D cases are compared and discussed in terms of the resulting elastic properties. It is observed that the models employing 3D multiparticle cells require lower RVE sizes than the corresponding 2D models, where the latter present a stiffer elastic response.
Abstract
Nodular cast iron is a Fe-C-Si metallic alloy whose microstructure consists of a matrix, composed in general of ferrite and pearlite, with graphite nodules embedded in it. [...]
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Obtaining foot bone structure applying global and adaptive thresholding
D. Ortega, G. Gutiérrez, A. Iznaga, T. Rodríguez, M. Beule, B. Verhegghe

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (2)

Abstract
The description of the mechanical behavior of hard tissues by means of discrete models goes through various stages of analysis, which range from digital image processing to the specification of tissues physical properties to the discrete model. To achieve good results it is essential to decompose these models into their constituent parts. In this paper we discuss a method for geometrical description of foot bones from a sequence of computed tomography (CT) images. This research proposes a combination between global and adaptive thresholdings to determine the geometric domain of bones in each slice and the analysis of the spatial relationships between contours in consecutive planes in order to obtain bones’ isosurfaces. The algorithm proposed is based on 4 stages: the reading of computed tomography (CT) images; the determination of the contours that define the bone tissue present on each slice; the grouping of contours whose relationship meet a given criteria; the elimination of non-valid volumes. As a result, it is possible to obtain the geometrical domain of a great number of foot bones whose range in the Hounsfield is [–1000; 1383].
Abstract
The description of the mechanical behavior of hard tissues by means of discrete models goes through various stages of analysis, which range from digital image processing to [...]
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Design of slender steel structures sensitive to buckling. Geometric imperfection definition
A. Agüero, J. Atienza

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (1)

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present a proposal for the design of steel structures sensitive to buckling to fill the gaps in the current Standard EN 1993-1-1, providing guidelines to obtain the magnitude of the imperfection generalizing the procedure given in clause 5.3.2(11) of EN 1993-1-1 for steel structures sensitive to flexural buckling under compression. According to the standard there are still uncertainties about how to obtain the imperfection when the structures are sensitive to torsional or flexural-torsional buckling due to either compression or bending. In this paper a general procedure to obtain the imperfection is provided and it can be proved that the recommendation given in EN 1993-1-1 is a particular case.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present a proposal for the design of steel structures sensitive to buckling to fill the gaps in the current Standard EN 1993-1-1, providing [...]
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A proper generalized decomposition approach for high-order problems
C. Quesada, G. Xu, D. González, I. Alfaro, A. Leygue, M. Visonneau, E. Cueto, F. Chinesta

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (3)

Abstract
In this paper two different approximations for the solution of high-order problems by proper generalized decompositions (PGD) are developed. The first one is based upon the use of collocation techniques, along with Chebyshev polynomials, while the second employs Hermite polynomials in a Galerkin framework. Both approaches having pros and cons, they are studied with the help of some classical benchmark tests.
Abstract
In this paper two different approximations for the solution of high-order problems by proper generalized decompositions (PGD) are developed. The first one is based upon the [...]
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New thermal compensation algorithm for piezoresistive pressure sensors based on the linear approximation by segments
A. Hernández, L. Farah, J. Ramírez, E. Charry

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (4)

Abstract
The piezoresistive pressure sensors are widely used in monitoring and control applications within the industrial sector. These sensors have problems of temperature dependence, and non-linearities that affect the measurement accuracy. For this reason, it is necessary to use signal conditioning circuits for to obtain high accuracy outputs. One of the most common techniques currently used to conditioning the signals from the sensors is based on the use of digital signal processors and compensation algorithms. This paper proposes a new calibration and compensation algorithm for piezoresistive pressure sensors based on the linear segment approximation with thermal compensation. The algorithm was simulated using the mathematical software MathCAD and using data from a piezoresistive pressure dummy sensor. The algorithm has been validated experimentally implementing it into two digital signal processors using vented piezoresistives pressure sensors of 10 bar in the range of temperatures from 0 °C to 80 °C. The result was that the maximum error in the sensor output due to the temperature dependence of the offset was 0,081% of full scale output. The maximum error obtained at the output caused by the temperature dependence of the sensitivity was 0,106% of full scale output. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated in the thermal compensation of piezoresistive pressure sensors. This algorithm can be applied to other types of sensors having thermal dependencies and incorporating a microprocessor or digital signal processor.
Abstract
The piezoresistive pressure sensors are widely used in monitoring and control applications within the industrial sector. These sensors have problems of temperature dependence, [...]
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Control parameter for polygonal simplification applied to medical images
D. Ortega, G. Gutiérrez, A. Iznaga, T. Rodríguez, M. Beule, B. Verhegghe

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (1)

Abstract
The description of mechanical behavior of hard tissues by means of discrete models goes through various stages of analysis, which range from digital image processing and the specification of physical properties of tissue to the discrete model. Nowadays, technologies for acquiring medical images allow obtaining high resolution images. Obtaining the geometrical domain of these images requires high levels of hardware to process and store them, and polygonal simplification, with a defined minimum error, is one of the ways to compress the geometrical domain. Polygonal simplification is important in order to have the necessary and sufficient information to reconstruct surfaces and volumes that geometrically describe tissues and organs of the human body for their analysis by means of finite elements. In this paper an experimental control parameter is defined for polygon simplification. Experimental results proved that is possible to obtain a tridimensional model with an average volume variation of 87.49%, using only 36.3% of initial data, with a maximum error of 1.0% between initial and final polygon areas. All this process takes less processing time.
Abstract
The description of mechanical behavior of hard tissues by means of discrete models goes through various stages of analysis, which range from digital image processing and the [...]
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An implicit implementation of the Arruda-Boyce viscoplastic model
I. Tomaš, A. Cisilino, P. Frontini

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2015). Vol. 31, (3)

Abstract
The Arruda-Boyce viscoplastic model has been the cornerstone for the development of sophisticated constitutive models for polymers and soft tissues. A simple implicit finite element implementation for the Arruda-Boyce viscoplastic model, which is coded as user material routine in ABAQUS-Standard, is presented in this work. The implementation uses the Backard-Euler method and standard stress-update procedures in the relaxed configuration; it has no iterative procedures; it completely avoids the use of eigen-decompositions, polar decompositions and rotation matrices while square roots, exponentials and natural logarithms of second order tensors are computed using high-order Padé approximants. The tangent-stiffness matrix is computed using a finite difference scheme. As a result, the stress-update algorithm turns out to be very simple to code and to implement, but still very accurate and quite efficient in computational terms. The precision, stability and efficiency of the proposed formulation are assessed and demonstrated by means of a number of examples. As a result, a number of recommendations are given to best set the size of the inelastic strain increment and the residuals for the Newton-Raphson procedures; and to select the most effective algorithms for the evaluation of the tangent stiffness matrix and to solve the system of equations.
Abstract
The Arruda-Boyce viscoplastic model has been the cornerstone for the development of sophisticated constitutive models for polymers and soft tissues. A simple implicit finite [...]
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