Documents published in 2015 : Scipedia

Symbiot: Congestion-Driven Multi-resource Fairness for Multi-user Sensor Networks
U. Adeel, Y. Tahir, S. Yang, J. McCann

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 275

Abstract
© 2015 IEEE.In this paper, we study the problem of multi-resource fairness in multi-user sensor networks with heterogeneous and time-varying resources. Particularly we focus on data gathering applications run on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) or Internet of Things (IoT) in which users require to run a serious of sensing operations with various resource requirements. We consider both the resource demands of sensing tasks, and data forwarding tasks needed to establish multi-hop relay communications. By exploiting graph theory, queueing theory and the notion of dominant resource shares, we develop Symbiot, a light-weight, distributed algorithm that ensures multi-resource fairness between these users. With Symbiot, nodes can independently schedule its resources while maintaining network-level resource fairness through observing traffic congestion levels. Large-scale simulations based Contiki OS and Cooja network emulator show the effectiveness of Symbiot in adaptively utilizing available resources and reducing average completion times.
Abstract
© 2015 IEEE.In this paper, we study the problem of multi-resource fairness in multi-user sensor networks with heterogeneous and time-varying resources. Particularly we focus [...]
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Longitudinal Jerk Estimation for Identification of Driver Intention
A. Bisoffi, L. Zaccarian, F. Biral, M. Lio

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 274

Abstract
International audience; We address the problem of estimating online the longitudinal jerk desired by a human driver piloting a car. This estimation is relevant in the context of suitable identification of driver intentions within modern Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) such as the co-driver scheme proposed by some of the authors. The proposed architecture is based on suitably combining a Kalman filter with a scaling technique peculiar of the context of "high-gain" observers. The scaling is appealing because it allows for an easy tuning of the trade-off between phase lag and sensitivity to noise of the resulting estimate. Additionally, we show that using engine-related experimental measurements available in the CAN bus, it is possible to provide a more reliable estimate of the driver-intended jerk, especially in the presence of gear changes. The proposed scheme shows very desirable results on experimental data from a track test, also when compared to a brute force approach based on a mere kinematic model.
Abstract
International audience; We address the problem of estimating online the longitudinal jerk desired by a human driver piloting a car. This estimation is relevant in the context [...]
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Integration of Uncertain Ramp Area Aircraft Trajectories and Generation of Optimal Taxiway Schedules at Charlotte Douglas (CLT) Airport
J. Coupe, Y. Jung, D. Milutinovic, W. Malik

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 273
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User diverse privacy requirements for V2X-technology: Quantitative research on context-based privacy aspects
M. Ziefle, R. Philipsen, T. Schmidt

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 317

Abstract
The paper will show, how different types of users are evaluating privacy and data security differently according to contextual differentiating traffic situations. The focus is hereby on an analysis of user types to see, if general attributes towards data capture can be identified. User requirements are investigated in age, gender, experience with driver assistance systems and technical affinity. Several significant effects like the influence of prior experience increasing the willingness to share data in an traffic optimizing scenario could be revealed. But results show also an undeniable reluctance towards sharing private data with other traffic participants or companies. Traffic management such as police or the infrastructure itself are however entrusted with various personal information and data.
Abstract
The paper will show, how different types of users are evaluating privacy and data security differently according to contextual differentiating traffic situations. The focus [...]
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Robust scale estimation for monocular visual odometry using structure from motion and vanishing points
T. Schwarze, M. Lauer, J. Grater

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 272

Abstract
While monocular visual odometry has been widely investigated, one of its key issues restrains its broad appliance: the scale drift. To tackle it, we leverage scene inherent information about the ground plane to estimate the scale for usage on Advanced Driver Assistance Systems. The algorithm is conceived so that it is independent of the unscaled ego-motion estimation, augmenting its adaptability to other frameworks. A ground plane estimation using Structure From Motion techniques is complemented by a vanishing point estimation to render our algorithm robust in urban scenarios. The method is evaluated on the KITTI dataset, outperforming state of the art algorithms in areas where urban scenery is dominant.
Abstract
While monocular visual odometry has been widely investigated, one of its key issues restrains its broad appliance: the scale drift. To tackle it, we leverage scene inherent [...]
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Wide-body Aircraft Trip Direct Operating Cost Model Based on Trans-log Function
G. Huang, H. Sun, Y. Wang, J. Zhou

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 271

Abstract
In order to better instruction airlines to analysis of the civil aircraft economy, this paper proposal an wide- body aircraft trip direct operating cost model from the perspective of macroscopic based on statistical analysis of airlines fleet operation cost data. Firstly, the correlation analysis be used to determine the cost model variables. Secondly, building the aircraft trip direct operation cost model based on trans-log production function, and the ordinary least squares method is used to estimate the function's coefficients. Finally, the model test using 9 aircraft direct operating cost data from 2014 indicate that the average relative error is 0.0711, and an numerical example show that the cost model can be apply to route capacity allocation. So, the model is practical and feasible.
Abstract
In order to better instruction airlines to analysis of the civil aircraft economy, this paper proposal an wide- body aircraft trip direct operating cost model from the perspective [...]
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Parameter impact on sharing studies between UAS CNPC satellite transmitters and terrestrial systems
B. Kerczewski, R. Kerczewski, J. Wilson, B. Bishop, W. Bishop

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 269

Abstract
In order to provide a control and non-payload communication (CNPC) link for civil-use unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) when operating in beyond-line-of-sight (BLOS) conditions, satellite communication links are generally required. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has determined that the CNPC link must operate over protected aviation safety spectrum allocations. Although a suitable allocation exists in the 5030–5091 MHz band, no satellites provide operations in this band and none are currently planned. In order to avoid a very lengthy delay in the deployment of UAS in BLOS conditions, it has been proposed to use existing satellites operating in the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS), of which many operate in several spectrum bands. Regulatory actions by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) are needed to enable such a use on an international basis, and indeed Agenda Item (AI) 1.5 for the 2015 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC) was established to decide on the enactment of possible regulatory provisions. As part of the preparation for AI 1.5, studies on the sharing FSS bands between existing services and CNPC for UAS are being contributed by NASA and others. These studies evaluate the potential impact of satellite CNPC transmitters operating from UAS on other in-band services, and on the potential impact of other in-band services on satellite CNPC receivers operating on UAS platforms. Such studies are made more complex by the inclusion of what are essentially moving FSS earth stations, compared to typical sharing studies between fixed elements. Hence, the process of determining the appropriate technical parameters for the studies meets with difficulty. In order to enable a sharing study to be completed in a less-than-infinite amount of time, the number of parameters exercised must be greatly limited. Therefore, understanding the impact of various parameter choices is accomplished through selectivity analyses. In the case of sharing studies for AI 1.5, identification of worst-case parameters allows the studies to be focused on worst-case scenarios with assurance that other parameter combinations will yield comparatively better results and therefore do not need to be fully analyzed. In this paper, the results of such sensitivity analyses are presented for the case of sharing between UAS CNPC satellite transmitters and terrestrial receivers using the Fixed Service (FS) operating in the same bands, and the implications of these analyses on sharing study results.
Abstract
In order to provide a control and non-payload communication (CNPC) link for civil-use unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) when operating in beyond-line-of-sight (BLOS) conditions, [...]
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Cost-effective medium-power charging station for public transport vehicles
V. Blahnik, M. Jara

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 309

Abstract
Charging stations are becoming an important part of the modern urban infrastructure. This paper describes a concept of a standalone cost-effective medium power charging station dedicated for electric bus charging. It is based on a voltage-source active rectifier operating in both current and voltage mode supplied by low voltage power grid. Appropriate model and simulation of the station at the power level of 300kW are provided.
Abstract
Charging stations are becoming an important part of the modern urban infrastructure. This paper describes a concept of a standalone cost-effective medium power charging station [...]
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Wormhole networks properties and their use for optimizing worst case delay analysis of many-cores
M. Jan, J. Ermont, L. Abdallah, C. Fraboul

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 268

Abstract
Conference of 10th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems, SIES 2015 ; Conference Date: 8 June 2015 Through 10 June 2015; Conference Code:116797; International audience; Many-core architectures are promising hardware to design hard real-time systems as they are based on simpler and thus more predictable processors than multi-core systems. However, the worst-case behavior of the Network-on-Chip (NoC) for both inter-core and core to external memories or peripherals communications must be established. Several NoCs targeting hard real-time systems, made of specific hardware extensions, have been designed. However, none of these extensions are currently available in commercially existing NoC-based many-core architectures, that instead rely on wormhole switching with round-robin arbitration. In this paper, we thus demonstrate three properties of such NoC-based wormhole networks to identify worst-case scenarios and reduce the pessimism when modeling flows in contentions. We then describe and evaluate an algorithm to compute Worst-Case Traversal Time (WCTT) of flows that uses these properties. In particular, our results show that the pessimism can be reduced up to 50% compared to current state-of-the-art real-time packet schedulability analysis.
Abstract
Conference of 10th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems, SIES 2015 ; Conference Date: 8 June 2015 Through 10 June 2015; Conference Code:116797; International [...]
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The Influence of Traffic Structure on Airspace Capacity
E. Sunil, J. Hoekstra, J. Ellerbroek, F. Bussink, A. Vidosavljevic, D. Nieuwenhuisen

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 307

Abstract
ce structure can be used as a procedural mechanism for a priori separation and organization of en-route air traffic. Although many studies have explored novel structuring methods to increase en-route airspace capacity, the relationship between the level of structuring of traffic and airspace capacity is not well established. To better understand the influence of traffic structure on airspace capacity, in this research, four airspace concepts, representing discrete points along the dimension of structure, were compared using large-scale simulation experiments. By subjecting the concepts to multiple traffic demand scenarios, the structure-capacity relationship was inferred from the effect of traffic demand variations on safety, efficiency and stability metrics. These simulations were performed within the context of a future personal aerial transportation system, and considered both nominal and non-nominal conditions. Simulation results suggest that the structuring of traffic must take into account the expected traffic demand pattern to be beneficial in terms of capacity. Furthermore, for the heterogeneous, or uniformly distributed, traffic demand patterns considered in this work, a decentralized layered airspace concept, in which each altitude band limited horizontal travel to within a predefined heading range, led to the best balance of all the metrics considered.
Abstract
ce structure can be used as a procedural mechanism for a priori separation and organization of en-route air traffic. Although many studies have explored novel structuring [...]
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A Solution Framework in Traffic Congestion Management Using RFID Technology
J. He, H. Wang, Y. Pan

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 267

Abstract
RFID is a technology which is used to identify remote objects equipped with RFID tags by wireless scanning without manual intervention; it can be used in traffic congestion management. In this paper, we propose a framework of traffic congestion management using RFID technology; a RFID tag management process for every vehicle subsequently.
Abstract
RFID is a technology which is used to identify remote objects equipped with RFID tags by wireless scanning without manual intervention; it can be used in traffic congestion [...]
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ASTERICS – Advanced Simulation Models and Accelerated Testing for the Development of Electric Vehicles
L. Berzi, F. Sellier, A. Piu, J. Groot, Y. Olofsson, E. Schlemmer, A. Kaufmann, B. Brunnsteiner, H. Pfluegl, R. Magnin, M. Sarrazin, M. Delogu, F. Diwoky, T. Katrasnik

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 305

Abstract
The development of Electric Vehicles (EV's), either fully electric (BEV…battery electric vehicle) or different hybrids (like HEV… hybrid electric vehicles or PHEV…plug-in hybrids), is an undeniable prerequisite to fulfill the worldwide emission targets for transport even within the next 10-15 years. The conventional development methods and tools on the other hand, are so far only optimized for the development of vehicles with ICE engines only and not well designed to develop EV's at all. To close this gap, the research in ASTERICS is focused on simulation and testing methods as well as tools that enable the optimal, cost efficient and safe development of EV's. Realistic driving cycles for e-vehicles, models for e-components, test procedures, test equipment and tools as well as system simulation and evaluation have been investigated in, which lasted 3 years (Oct. 2012 – Sept. 2015) and involved 10 partners (OEM: CRV, Volvo; Supplier: AVL, Siemens SAS/SISW, Thien eDrives, GustavKlein; Research: see above).
Abstract
The development of Electric Vehicles (EV's), either fully electric (BEV…battery electric vehicle) or different hybrids (like HEV… hybrid electric vehicles or PHEV…plug-in [...]
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Modelling Cavity Ventilation Behind Brick Veneer Cladding: How Reliable are the Common Assumptions?
M. Vanpachtenbeke, J. Langmans, J. Acker, S. Roels

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 265

Abstract
Throughout the years, different numerical HAM-simulation tools have been developed to assess and predict the heat, air and moisture response of building components. But, though commercially available and commonly applied in building practice, still, several simplifications and shortcomings exist in the common models. Probably the most important one, is the fact that most tools neglect or strongly simplify air transport, focusing only on heat and moisture transport. Especially for the analysis of wood frame constructions, these simplified models may cause a large discrepancy between simulation results and real performance. This study aims at a comparison of the outcomes of numerical HAM-simulations for wood frame constructions with experimental data of real test cases. In particular, the focus of this paper is on cavity ventilation behind brick veneer. Therefore, a simplified version of a wood frame wall with brick veneer cladding is studied in this paper. Different common modelling assumptions are compared. Furthermore, a detailed measuring campaign has been conducted at the VLIET test building of the KU Leuven to validate the different modelling approaches. By verifying the results of the numerical simulations by the data of real test cases, the reliability of the modelling assumptions can be analysed. The results of this study clearly show that simplified assumptions on cavity ventilation in HAM-models might cause large discrepancies between simulation results and in-situ measurements.
Abstract
Throughout the years, different numerical HAM-simulation tools have been developed to assess and predict the heat, air and moisture response of building components. But, though [...]
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The Effect of Demand Response in the Minimum Available Reserve of Energy Management
Z. Vale, M. Fotouhi, J. Soares, N. Borges

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 304

Abstract
This paper presents a multi-objective energy scheduling for the daily operation of a Smart Grid (SG) considering maximization of the minimum available reserve in addition to the cost minimization, to take into account the reliability requirements of critical and vulnerable loads. A Virtual Power Player (VPP) manages the day-ahead energy resource scheduling in the smart grid, considering Distributed Generation (DG) and Vehicle-To-Grid (V2G), while maintaining a highly reliable power for the critical loads. This work considers high penetration of critical loads, e.g. industrial processes that require high power quality, high reliability and few interruptions. A mathematical formulation is described and a deterministic technique based on Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) is used to solve the multi-objective problem. The effect of some customers with DR in this context is analyzed to assess the benefits in the energy scheduling problem. A case study using a 180-bus Portuguese distribution network with 90 load points, several DG units and a large fleet of Electric Vehicles (EVs) with V2G is used to illustrate the performance of the proposed method. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Abstract
This paper presents a multi-objective energy scheduling for the daily operation of a Smart Grid (SG) considering maximization of the minimum available reserve in addition [...]
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High performance computing simulator for the performance assessment of trajectory based operations
L. Camargo Forero, R. Dalmau Codina, S. Ruiz Navarro, X. Prats Menéndez

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 302

Abstract
High performance computing (HPC), both at hardware and software level, has demonstrated significant improve- ments in processing large datasets in a timely manner. However, HPC in the field of air traffic management (ATM) can be much more than only a time reducing tool. It could also be used to build an ATM simulator in which distributed scenarios where decentralized elements (airspace users) interact through a centralized manager in order to generate a trajectory-optimized conflict-free scenario. In this work, we introduce an early prototype of an ATM simulator, focusing on air traffic flow management at strategic, pre-tactical and tactical levels, which allows the calculation of safety and efficiency indicators for optimized trajectories, both at individual and network level. The software architecture of the simulator, relying on a HPC cluster of computers, has been preliminary tested with a set of flights whose trajectory vertical profiles have been optimized according to two different concepts of operations: conventional cruise operations (i.e. flying at constant altitudes and according to the flight levels scheme rules) and continuous climb cruise operations (i.e., optimizing the trajectories with no vertical constraints). The novel ATM simulator has been tested to show preliminary benchmarking results between these two concepts of operations. The simulator here presented can contribute as a testbed to evaluate the potential benefits of future Trajectory Based Operations and to understand the complex relationships among the different ATM key performance areas Peer Reviewed
Abstract
High performance computing (HPC), both at hardware and software level, has demonstrated significant improve- ments in processing large datasets in a timely manner. [...]
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SPADAS: a high-speed 3D single-photon camera for advanced driver assistance systems
Y. Zou, S. Bellisai, D. Bronzi, A. Tosi, F. Villa, S. Tisa, F. Zappa

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 263

Abstract
dvanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are the most advanced technologies to fight road accidents. Within ADAS, an important role is played by radar- and lidar-based sensors, which are mostly employed for collision avoidance and adaptive cruise control. Nonetheless, they have a narrow field-of-view and a limited ability to detect and differentiate objects. Standard camera-based technologies (e.g. stereovision) could balance these weaknesses, but they are currently not able to fulfill all automotive requirements (distance range, accuracy, acquisition speed, and frame-rate). To this purpose, we developed an automotive-oriented CMOS single-photon camera for optical 3D ranging based on indirect time-of-flight (iTOF) measurements. Imagers based on Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays offer higher sensitivity with respect to CCD/CMOS rangefinders, have inherent better time resolution, higher accuracy and better linearity. Moreover, iTOF requires neither high bandwidth electronics nor short-pulsed lasers, hence allowing the development of cost-effective systems. The CMOS SPAD sensor is based on 64 × 32 pixels, each able to process both 2D intensity-data and 3D depth-ranging information, with background suppression. Pixel-level memories allow fully parallel imaging and prevents motion artefacts (skew, wobble, motion blur) and partial exposure effects, which otherwise would hinder the detection of fast moving objects. The camera is housed in an aluminum case supporting a 12 mm F/1.4 C-mount imaging lens, with a 40°×20° field-of-view. The whole system is very rugged and compact and a perfect solution for vehicle’s cockpit, with dimensions of 80 mm × 45 mm × 70 mm, and less that 1 W consumption. To provide the required optical power (1.5 W, eye safe) and to allow fast (up to 25 MHz) modulation of the active illumination, we developed a modular laser source, based on five laser driver cards, with three 808 nm lasers each. We present the full characterization of the 3D automotive system, operated both at night and during daytime, in both indoor and outdoor, in real traffic, scenario. The achieved long-range (up to 45m), high dynamic-range (118 dB), highspeed (over 200 fps) 3D depth measurement, and high precision (better than 90 cm at 45 m), highlight the excellent performance of this CMOS SPAD camera for automotive applications.
Abstract
dvanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are the most advanced technologies to fight road accidents. Within ADAS, an important role is played by radar- and lidar-based sensors, [...]
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Assessing people travel behavior using GPS and open data to validate neighbourhoods characteristics
M. Oliveti, S. van der Spek, C. Quak

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 300

Abstract
With the help of technologies such as GPS tracks, GIS and open data is now possible to study people travel behaviour in a new way. Nowadays, large datasets can be easily handled thanks to databases and better visualized using GIS. Moreover, the availability of GPS data, open data and VGI makes accessible a lot of new information, which was not obtainable before. This research is about the analysis of mobility patterns in different neighbourhoods in three cities in the Netherlands. The study is based on the validation of mobility theoretical performances by the actual performances measured through the analysis of GPS logs of households, who live in the neighbourhoods. A series of spatial indicators based on proximity, density and accessibility are computed in order to assess the theoretical performances of the neighbourhoods. To achieve this task, information about built environment characteristics and infrastructure networks is retrieved from OpenStreetMap, and other datasets. In the end the neighbourhoods are classified into five classes, according to the different levels of performances in terms of sustainable mobility. In such a way, it is possible to better understand the key factors that influence actual people travel patterns, providing policy makers with accurate information about the real movement of people.
Abstract
With the help of technologies such as GPS tracks, GIS and open data is now possible to study people travel behaviour in a new way. Nowadays, large datasets can be easily handled [...]
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A Formally Verified Conflict Detection Algorithm for Polynomial Trajectories
C. Muñoz, A. Narkawicz

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 261

Abstract
In air traffic management, conflict detection algorithms are used to determine whether or not aircraft are predicted to lose horizontal and vertical separation minima within a time interval assuming a trajectory model. In the case of linear trajectories, conflict detection algorithms have been proposed that are both complete, i.e., they detect all conflicts, and sound, i.e., they do not present false alarms. In general, for arbitrary nonlinear trajectory models, it is possible to define detection algorithms that are either sound or complete, but not both. This paper considers the case of nonlinear aircraft trajectory models based on polynomial functions. In particular, it proposes a conflict detection algorithm that precisely determines whether, given a lookahead time, two aircraft flying polynomial trajectories are in conflict. That is, it has been formally verified that, assuming that the aircraft trajectories are modeled as polynomial functions, the proposed algorithm is both sound and complete.
Abstract
In air traffic management, conflict detection algorithms are used to determine whether or not aircraft are predicted to lose horizontal and vertical separation minima within [...]
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Revisitation analysis of smartphone app use
S. Hosio, J. Goncalves, D. Ferreira, V. Kostakos, S. Jones

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 260

Abstract
We present a revisitation analysis of smartphone use to investigate the question: do smartphones induce usage habits? We analysed three months of application launch logs from 165 users in naturalistic settings. Our analysis reveals distinct clusters of applications and users which share similar revisitation patterns. However, we show that much of smartphone usage on a macro-level is very similar to web browsing on desktops, and thus argue that smartphone usage is driven by innate service needs rather than technology characteristics. On the other hand, on a micro-level we identify unique characteristics in smartphone usage, and we present a rudimentary model that accounts for 92% in the variability of our smartphone use.
Abstract
We present a revisitation analysis of smartphone use to investigate the question: do smartphones induce usage habits? We analysed three months of application launch logs from [...]
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Naphthenic Acid Corrosion of 20G under High Flow Rate Flushing
Y. Zhou, L. Wang, S. Rao, H. Li, S. Rao

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 259

Abstract
nalysis of turbulence on the naphthenic acid corrosion specimens under scouring of 90m/s high flow rate fluid by Fluent indicated that maximum turbulence existed at the center of specimen, the turbulence in other zones decreased nonlinearly with the distance from the center. The average corrosion rate of 20G under the scouring of high flow rate corrosive media mainly depended on the corrosion temperature, the maximum average corrosion rate existed at the temperature of 320C was 2.5 times of the minimum average corrosion rate at temperature of 240C. The influence of turbulence on naphthenic acid corrosion was shown in the local corrosion depth in different turbulence areas, experiments indicated that the ratio between maximum corrosion depth in high turbulence areas and average corrosion depth could reach 4 times or more at all experiment temperatures, so high turbulence could significantly increase local corrosion depth and lead to rapid thinning or perforation of pipelines.
Abstract
nalysis of turbulence on the naphthenic acid corrosion specimens under scouring of 90m/s high flow rate fluid by Fluent indicated that maximum turbulence existed at the center [...]
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Stress-strain analysis of pipelines laid in permafrost
P. Burkov, P. Burkov, V. Yan‘nan’, S. Burkova

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 297

Abstract
Increasing reliability of pipelines becomes a real challenge at all stages: design, construction and operation of pipeline systems. It is very important to determine the behaviour of the constructed pipeline under the operational and environmental loads using the design model in accordance with that one adopted in the rules and regulations. This article presents the simulation of pipeline in permafrost. The evaluation of the stress-strain state is given herein and the areas of the stress concentration are detected with the account for different loads occurred during the pipeline operation. Information obtained from the assessment of the stress-strain state of the pipeline allows determining sections in pre-emergency state (even before damages) and take all the necessary measures for eliminating them, thus increasing the pipeline system reliability. It is shown that the most critical pipeline cross-section is observed at the point of transition from one environment to another. The maximum strains decrease the level of the pipeline reliability. The finite element model is presented to determine the pipeline sections in pre-emergency state.
Abstract
Increasing reliability of pipelines becomes a real challenge at all stages: design, construction and operation of pipeline systems. It is very important to determine the behaviour [...]
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Model-driven estimation of operators' workload for usage centred design of interactive systems
O. Grivard, D. Ismail

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 258

Abstract
International audience; The measurement of the operators' workload is an important aspect of usage-oriented design of professional systems. In domains such as avionics, air traffic management or mission systems, being able to quantify the operators' workload under stress, and in potentially demanding physical and mental conditions, is mandatory to anticipate overload and prevent human errors. Current approaches to workload estimation rely mainly on experimentation in simulation as an approach that has proven its efficiency for the identification of bad system and/or user interface design. Even if one cannot expect to totally avoid experimenting, given the complexity of the issue of workload computation, a priori estimation of workload might be an interesting tool to pre-validate a design in order to save some time in the experimentation phase and facilitate the analysis of overload situations that appear during experimentation. Various approaches to the a priori measurement of workload have been proposed: performance-based, physiological and subjective measures. Although performance and physiological measures of workload may be more precise, subjective measures are more practical, easier and less costly to use. For these reasons, they have been applied to many complex domains. The experience, the skills and the level of training of the operator have been identified in the literature as being important human factors. Nevertheless, these parameters have not been deeply analyzed in the context of workload estimation. In this paper, we develop a predictive workload model based on the analysis of the tasks assigned to a human operator. We propose to use mental representations of tasks, human actors, human roles, knowledge and abilities. We then propose to estimate the operator's workload with reference to his experience and training, the load over time and the task complexity. Our approach is illustrated on an airborne maritime surveillance use-case, in the context of the French Medusa project.
Abstract
International audience; The measurement of the operators' workload is an important aspect of usage-oriented design of professional systems. In domains such as avionics, air [...]
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Nondestructive characterization of pipeline materials
B. Engle, L. Smart, L. Bond

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 257

Abstract
There is a growing need to quantitatively and nondestructively evaluate the strength and toughness properties of pipeline steels, particularly in aging pipeline infrastructure. These strength and toughness properties, namely yield strength, tensile strength, transition temperature, and toughness, are essential for determining the safe operating pressure of the pipelines. For some older pipelines crucial information can be unknown, which makes determining the pressure rating difficult. Current inspection techniques address some of these issues, but they are not comprehensive. This paper will briefly discuss current inspection techniques and relevant literature for relating nondestructive measurements to key strength and toughness properties. A project is in progress to provide new in-trench tools that will give strength properties without the need for sample removal and destructive testing. Preliminary experimental ultrasonic methods and measurements will be presented, including velocity, attenuation, and ...
Abstract
There is a growing need to quantitatively and nondestructively evaluate the strength and toughness properties of pipeline steels, particularly in aging pipeline infrastructure. [...]
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Robust Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Design for Connected Vehicles
J. Mohammadpour, M. Trudgen

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 256

Abstract
In this paper, we design and validate a robust H∞ controller for Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) in connected vehicles. CACC systems take advantage of onboard sensors and wireless technologies working together in order to achieve smaller inter-vehicle following distances, with the overall goal of increasing vehicle throughput on busy highways, and hence serving as a viable approach to reduce traffic congestion. A group of connected vehicles equipped with CACC technology must also ensure what is known as string stability. This requirement effectively dictates that disturbances should be attenuated as they propagate along the platoon of following vehicles. In order to guarantee string stability and to cope with the uncertainties seen in the vehicle model used for a model-based CACC, we propose to design and implement a robust H∞ controller. Loop shaping design methodology is used in this paper to achieve desired tracking characteristics in the presence of competing string stability, robustness and performance requirements. We then employ model reduction techniques to reduce the order of the controller and finally implement the reduced-order controller on a simulation model demonstrating the robust properties of the closed-loop system.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Abstract
In this paper, we design and validate a robust H∞ controller for Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) in connected vehicles. CACC systems take advantage of onboard [...]
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Examining the willingness, reasons, features and for people to “escape” from Beijing
J. Jiang, S. Luo, L. Li, Y. Cao, K. Zou

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 255

Abstract
Based on an investigation analysis, this work examines the willingness, reasons and group features for people to "escape" from Beijing. The results show that, the actual behaviors for people to "escape" from Beijing are not as popular as its voice, only a few percentage of the population really want to leave Beijing. The main reasons driving those people to leave are identified the bad air quality, high housing price and traffic congestion and high working prressure. Most of them want to move to other developed regions. Those people who planned to or want to leave Beijing is characterized by middle level educated, younger age, freer job transformation, longer living in Beijing, being born in other places except Beijing, without hukou and relative higher house living densities. This may imply the transformation of Beijing's economic function to more politics intensive aspects.
Abstract
Based on an investigation analysis, this work examines the willingness, reasons and group features for people to "escape" from Beijing. The results show that, the actual behaviors [...]
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Stage of Historical Evolution of Private Vehicle Ownership in the City of Barcelona
F. Díez, M. Cacheda, J. Sinca

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 290

Abstract
Transport demand and private motor vehicle ownership (cars and motorcycles) are generally related to the socio-economic development, increasing urbanization, public policies and rising per capita income. Private motor vehicle ownership varies between countries and geographical regions. However, it tends to have some common patterns in its historical evolution. So that during the early stages of development, the rate of motorization increased mainly by acquisitions of PTWs (mopeds and motorcycles). As the economy grows, the increase in per capita income stimulates a shift from PTWs to cars, which are preferred for their safety, versatility, comfort and social status. The increasing use of cars contributes to raising travel costs (congestion, parking constraints, accidents, pollution), that coupled with public policies to discourage car use, tends to favor modal shifts from cars to public transport and in some regions also to PTWs. This study analyze the historical evolution of private motor vehicle ownership in Spain (cars and motorcycles), and identify the stage in which is the city of Barcelona, characterized by the high use of PTWs. The increase use of PTWs is a common phenomenon in some major European cities and suggests a continuous future growth in developed countries and congested urban areas, that is not in line with the assumptions of some models, which predict that in the long-run there will be a decrease in use of PTWs in areas with high income per capita levels. Peer Reviewed
Abstract
Transport demand and private motor vehicle ownership (cars and motorcycles) are generally related to the socio-economic development, increasing urbanization, public policies [...]
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Filling Accuracy Analysis of the Rocket Propellant based on the Flowmeter Measuring Model
X. Youhuan, Z. Ping, C. Benting, L. Weidong

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 254

Abstract
The high filling accuracy of rocket propellant is an important guarantee for the success of the rocket launch. In view of the factors that affect filling accuracy of the rocket propellant in the filling system of the spaceflight launch site, the algorithm of propellant filling accuracy calculation based on the flowmeter measuring model is proposed in this paper. It respectively carries through mathematical analyses for the different factors affecting the filling accuracy. Through the proposed algorithm, numerical calculation has been carried on the comprehensive filling accuracy of rocket propellant under the existing filling process. It can provide theoretical basis and data support for optimizing filling control process and improving filling accuracy in the launch site, so as to further improving the success rate of rocket launch.
Abstract
The high filling accuracy of rocket propellant is an important guarantee for the success of the rocket launch. In view of the factors that affect filling accuracy of the rocket [...]
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Segmentation of Crack and Open Joint in Sewer Pipelines Based on CCTV Inspection Images
S. Tung-Ching

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 253
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New Genetic Optimization Strategies In Efficient Off-Line Traffic Engineering For Simulating Multi-Service UMTS Cellular Networks
R. Papademetriou, D. Karras, V. Pasias

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 252

Abstract
This paper presents new strategies for offline traffic engineering, when designing multi-service UMTS networks, based on an efficient modification of basic genetic optimization techniques. More specifically, the problem setup includes Mobile Internet access as the most emergent trade in the telecommunications industry due to the advancement of cellular smartphones, tablets, notebooks and netbooks based computing and communicating technologies. In this real world set-up, the integration of deployed wireless networks with the Internet and the transparent interworking among different wireless technologies, namely EDGE/GPRS/CDMA2000 cellular and Wireless LAN (WLAN), appears to be a demanding objective for mobile communications service providers. The mixture and convergence of mobile and fixed infrastructures related services make it urgent to tackle quality of service and traffic engineering for mobile networks at the fundamental transport level with regards to OSI network analysis. A good solution to address such issues is the Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) technology providing a fused control instrument with connectionless multiprotocol capabilities, functioning over different communication media while supporting traffic engineering and quality of service (QoS) offering smooth traffic over the complex network of mobile and fixed communication infrastructures. Therefore, the MPLS architecture offers the required capacity to integrate different services over wired and wireless infrastructures in a unified convergent approach. Based on these concepts, this research proposal investigates traffic engineering solutions in MPLS involved wireless cellular networks. In this paper, two new methods for the solution of the off-line Traffic Engineering (TE) problem in multi-service wireless networks based on a certain efficient modification of basic genetic optimisation are presented. In the first method the off-line TE problem is formulated as an optimisation model with linear constraints and then solved using a new modified version of the Genetic Algorithm for Numerical Optimisation for Constraint Problems (GENOCOP). Besides, a hybrid method for the solution of the aforementioned problem involving modified GENOCOP and a heuristic TE algorithm is also provided. The performance of the above methods against a standard LP-based optimisation method is examined in terms of two different network topologies mixing both wireless and wired links and numerical test results are provided.
Abstract
This paper presents new strategies for offline traffic engineering, when designing multi-service UMTS networks, based on an efficient modification of basic genetic optimization [...]
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Modelling in-pipe acoustic signal propagation for condition assessment of multi-layer water pipelines
J. Miro, D. Su, T. Vidal-Calleja

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 251

Abstract
solution to the condition assessment of fluid-filled conduits based on the analysis of in-pipe acoustic signal propagation is presented in this paper. The sensor arrangement consists of an acoustic emitter from which a known sonic pulse is generated, and a collocated hydrophone receiver that records the arrival acoustic wave at a high sampling rate. The proposed method exploits the influence of the surrounding environment on the propagation of an acoustic wave to estimate the condition of the pipeline. Specifically, the propagation speed of an acoustic wave is influenced by the hoop stiffness of the surrounding materials, a fact that has been exploited in the analysis of boreholes in the literature. In this work, this finding is extended to validate the analytical expression derived to infer the condition of uniform, axis-symmetric lined waterworks, a first step to ultimately be able to predict the remaining active life (time-to-failure) of pipelines with arbitrary geometries through finite element analysis (FEA). An investigation of the various aspects of the proposed methodology with typical pipe material and structures is presented to appreciate the advantages of modelling acoustic waves behaviours in fluid-filled cylindrical cavities for condition assessment of water pipelines.
Abstract
solution to the condition assessment of fluid-filled conduits based on the analysis of in-pipe acoustic signal propagation is presented in this paper. The sensor arrangement [...]
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Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 250
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Structure parameter optimization of a variable geometry tracked robot for structured environment
C. Wang, Y. Zhu, M. Wang, B. Li

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 249

Abstract
This paper presents an optimization design method of a variable geometry tracked robot for structured environment. The types and sizes of the obstacles in the structured environment are known. Based on the kinematics analysis of climbing stairs, surmounting pipelines and crossing gullies, the performance functions which display the relationship between structure parameters of the robot and the sizes of obstacles are obtained. Then according to the requirements of overcoming the obstacles in the structured environment, the performance functions are turned into the objective functions, and the goal programming model is obtained. Furthermore, considering the nonlinearity of the model, the pattern search method is applied to obtain the optimization result. Finally, a dynamics simulation platform is set up to verify the performance of the robot, and the feasibility of the parameter optimization method of the robot designed for structured environment is proved.
Abstract
This paper presents an optimization design method of a variable geometry tracked robot for structured environment. The types and sizes of the obstacles in the structured environment [...]
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VSP: building a virtual Service Provider with off-the-shelf cloud services
L. Iannone, D. Farinacci, D. Saucez, W. Haddad

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 248

Abstract
International audience; Multihoming, connecting through several service providers, is becoming common in both residential and Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) with a high potential to enabling rich cloud-based network services for all. However, Traffic Engineering (TE) in such context remains a challenge as having different service providers means as well having different, independent, provider-specific policies that seldom work together, while often being conflicting.In order to overcome the hassle of trying to have a coherent TE based on independent ISPs that would truly enable rich cloud-based network services, we propose to create an over- the-top virtual Service Provider – vSP. We show that based on existing cloud services and off-the-shelf technology it is possible to easily deploy its own vSP, including an easy to use management framework allowing full policies control so to have a coherent TE while fully exploiting the underlying ISPs and thus benefit from network services offloaded to the cloud.
Abstract
International audience; Multihoming, connecting through several service providers, is becoming common in both residential and Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) with a high [...]
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Wireless sensor networks in oil pipeline systems using electromagnetic waves
A. Balcı, M. Akkas, R. Sokullu

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 282

Abstract
The realization of WUSNs (Wireless Underground Sensor Networks) will lead to many emerging applications, such as intelligent agriculture, underground pipelines, oil reservoir monitoring, concealed border patrol, earthquake and landslide forecasting, underground mine disaster prevention and rescue etc. The hostile underground environments prevent the direct use of most, if not all, existing wireless communication and networking solutions, due to the extremely high path loss, small communication range, and high dynamics of electromagnetic (EM) waves when penetrating the soil, sand, rock, water, crude oil medium in the underground environment and in pipelines. The objective of the paper is to address these unique and important challenges for the realization of wireless sensor networks in Oil Pipeline Systems. Research also focuses on developing a general framework using wireless sensor networks to provide continuous monitoring. © 2015 Chamber of Electrical Engineers of Turkey.
Abstract
The realization of WUSNs (Wireless Underground Sensor Networks) will lead to many emerging applications, such as intelligent agriculture, underground pipelines, oil reservoir [...]
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Acceptance of Automated Road Transport Systems (ARTS): An Adaptation of the UTAUT Model
M. Graindorge, E. Ortega, T. Louw, T. Graindorge, N. Merat, M. Dziennus, R. Madigan

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 281

Abstract
research into innovative forms of automated transportation systems gains momentum, it is important that we develop an understanding of the factors that will impact the adoption of these systems. In an effort to address this issue, the European project CityMobil2 is collecting data around large-scale demonstrations of Automated Road Transport Systems (ARTS) in a number of cities across Europe. For these systems to be successful, user acceptance is vital. The current study used the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to investigate the factors which might influence acceptance of ARTS vehicles, which were operational in two locations in Europe. The results indicate that the UTAUT constructs of performance expectancy, effort expectancy and social influence were all useful predictors of behavioural intentions to use ARTS, with performance expectancy having the strongest impact. However, it would appear that other factors are also needed in order for the model to strongly predict behavioural intentions in an automated transport context. Based on these findings, a number of implications for developers and ideas for future research are suggested.
Abstract
research into innovative forms of automated transportation systems gains momentum, it is important that we develop an understanding of the factors that will impact the adoption [...]
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Hybrid shipping for inland navigation : loss analysis of an aluminum direct-drive high performance 11,OOONm permanent magnet machine
N. Djukic, J. Paulides, L. Encica

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 247

Abstract
Hybrid electric ship propulsions are becoming a leading/emerging area of research, prompting investigation in hybrid propulsion system design and demonstration of concept vessels. With respect to ship design and operation, minimizing costs associated with fuel consumption and maintenance are key objectives. As such, new, and existing, ships are subject to regulatory requirements, especially regarding emissions and energy efficiency. Hybrid electric propulsion is a promising approach in addressing these concerns. Particularly for inland vessels that require a high degree of manoeuvrability and are continuously travelling upstream and downstream. In this work, a Permanent Magnet propulsion motor with 350kW at 300rpm, hence around 11,000Nm, will be discussed. With this motor a quiet mode is available with reduced emission during electric cruising and dynamic positioning.
Abstract
Hybrid electric ship propulsions are becoming a leading/emerging area of research, prompting investigation in hybrid propulsion system design and demonstration of concept [...]
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An Agent-Based Model to Study Effects of Team Processes on Compliance with Safety Regulations at an Airline Ground Service Organization
A. Sharpanskykh, R. Haest

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 246

Abstract
Maintaining high levels of safety under conditions of ever increasing air traffic is a challenging task. Failures to comply with safety-related regulations are often considered to be important contributors to safety occurrences. To address the issue of compliance, approaches based on external regulation of the employees’ behavior were proposed. Unfortunately, an externally imposed control is often not internalized by employees and has a short-term effect on their performance. To achieve a long-term effect, employees need to be internally motivated to adhere to regulations. Theories from social sciences propose that team processes play an important role in the dynamics of individual motivation. In this paper an agent-based model is proposed, by which the impact of social interaction and coordination in teams of platform employees on their individual motivation and compliance with safety regulations at an airline ground service organization are explored. The model was simulated and partially validated by a case study performed at a real airline ground service organization. The model was able to reproduce behavioral patterns of compliance of the platform employees in this study.
Abstract
Maintaining high levels of safety under conditions of ever increasing air traffic is a challenging task. Failures to comply with safety-related regulations are often considered [...]
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Analytical simulation and experimental comparison of the losses in resonant DC/DC converter with Si and SiC switches
A. Marinov, V. Valchev, A. Bossche, R. Stoyanov, N. Dukov

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 279

Abstract
High efficiency is among the most important targets in power electronic converters. A possible approach to obtain this goal is the usage of better switches. This paper is focused at the study and comparison of SiC and Si power MOSFETS in soft switching resonant DC/DC converter. The latter converter being a part of light battery charger used in ultra-light electric vehicles is realized and investigated. The losses in the power switches are compared mathematically, with simulations and experimental verification. Two types of transistors are considered. First traditional state of the art Si-technology using a FREDFET (fast recovery diode MOSFET) and it is compared with what the SiC technology offers, using a fast Schottky antiparallel diode. As an example a 1500 W series resonance converter with input voltage of 400 V and output voltage of 100 V is used. The latter voltage permitting the use of Schottky diodes at the secondary side. The losses in both converters are compared via calorimetric measurements to avoid accuracy problems as in loss measurements with an oscilloscope for example.
Abstract
High efficiency is among the most important targets in power electronic converters. A possible approach to obtain this goal is the usage of better switches. This paper is [...]
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The Design of Traffic Warning Platform Based on IoT Technology
Y. Dong, Q. Li, Z. Qian, Y. Bao

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 244

Abstract
With the rapid development of China's economy, the number of vehicles has a sharp increase. It led to the traffic problem becoming more and more serious, with the problems of traffic congestion, easy to cause accidents, solving the accident no in time and so on. For the current traffic congestion problem, the paper designs a traffic warning and monitoring platform based on IoT technology. It takes advantage of computer technology, communication technology, sensor technology and so on, connecting together vehicles with the side of road infrastructures over wireless network, and finally we can know the status of the entire cars' on the monitoring platform which is at road junction. It can shorten the time of finding and dealing with accidents, improve the overall efficiency, reduce operating costs and facilitate people's life.
Abstract
With the rapid development of China's economy, the number of vehicles has a sharp increase. It led to the traffic problem becoming more and more serious, with the problems [...]
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Does ATM Need Centralized Coordination? Autonomous Conflict Resolution Analysis in a Constrained Speed Environment
N. Durand, N. Barnier

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 243

Abstract
International audience; The concept of Free-Flight, introduced in the 90s, opened a debate on the efficiency of letting aircraft deal with conflicts without any centralized control. Many models have been proposed for autonomous aircraft solvers but their efficiency is not well-known. In this paper, we experiment powerful algorithm derived from robotics which is able to deal with thousands of robots in very small spaces, and show how its performance plummets when speeds are constrained. We also compare this autonomous algorithm with a centralized approach using evolutionary computation on a complex example to point out their relative performance in a speed constrained environment. This comparison provides scientific arguments for the necessity of centralized air traffic control.
Abstract
International audience; The concept of Free-Flight, introduced in the 90s, opened a debate on the efficiency of letting aircraft deal with conflicts without any centralized [...]
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Growing the charging station network for electric vehicles with trajectory data analytics
C. Chow, K. Chan, J. Luo, Y. Li, Y. Ding, F. Zhang

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 241

Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) have undergone an explosive increase over recent years, due to the unparalleled advantages over gasoline cars in green transportation and cost efficiency. Such a drastic increase drives a growing need for widely deployed publicly accessible charging stations. Thus, how to strategically deploy the charging stations and charging points becomes an emerging and challenging question to urban planners and electric utility companies. In this paper, by analyzing a large scale electric taxi trajectory data, we make the first attempt to investigate this problem. We develop an optimal charging station deployment (OCSD) framework that takes the historical EV taxi trajectory data, road map data, and existing charging station information as input, and performs optimal charging station placement (OCSP) and optimal charging point assignment (OCPA). The OCSP and OCPA optimization components are designed to minimize the average time to the nearest charging station, and the average waiting time for an available charging point, respectively. To evaluate the performance of our OCSD framework, we conduct experiments on one-month real EV taxi trajectory data. The evaluation results demonstrate that our OCSD framework can achieve a 26%–94% reduction rate on average time to find a charging station, and up to two orders of magnitude reduction on waiting time before charging, over baseline methods. Moreover, our results reveal interesting insights in answering the question: “Super or small stations?”: When the number of deployable charging points is sufficiently large, more small stations are preferred; and when there are relatively few charging points to deploy, super stations is a wiser choice.
Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) have undergone an explosive increase over recent years, due to the unparalleled advantages over gasoline cars in green transportation and cost efficiency. [...]
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Testing advanced driver assistance systems using multi-objective search and neural networks
L. Briand, R. Abdessalem, T. Stifter, S. Nejati

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 276

Abstract
Recent years have seen a proliferation of complex Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), in particular, for use in autonomous cars. These systems consist of sensors and cameras as well as image processing and decision support software components. They are meant to help drivers by providing proper warnings or by preventing dangerous situations. In this paper, we focus on the problem of design time testing of ADAS in a simulated environment. We provide a testing approach for ADAS by combining multi- objective search with surrogate models developed based on neural networks. We use multi-objective search to guide testing towards the most critical behaviors of ADAS. Surrogate modeling enables our testing approach to explore a larger part of the input search space within limited computational resources. We characterize the condition under which the multi-objective search algorithm behaves the same with and without surrogate modeling, thus showing the accuracy of our approach. We evaluate our approach by applying it to an industrial ADAS system. Our experiment shows that our approach automatically identifies test cases indicating critical ADAS behaviors. Further, we show that combining our search algorithm with surrogate modeling improves the quality of the generated test cases, especially under tight and realistic computational resources.
Abstract
Recent years have seen a proliferation of complex Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), in particular, for use in autonomous cars. These systems consist of sensors and [...]
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Managing high penetration of renewable energy in MV grid by electric vehicle storage
M. Savaghebi, J. Guerrero, B. Bak-Jensen, R. Kordheili, J. Pillai

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 240

Abstract
This paper proposes an intelligent algorithm for dealing with high penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) in the medium voltage by intelligently managing electric vehicles (EVs), as one of the grid flexible loads. The MV grid used in this work is a CIGRE benchmark grid. Different residential and industrial loads are considered in this grid. The connection of medium voltage wind turbines to the grid is investigated. The solar panels in this study are residential panels. Also, EVs are located among the buses with residential demand. The study is done for different winter and summer scenarios, considering typical load profiles in Denmark. Different scenarios have been studied with different penetration level of RESs in the grid. The results show the capability of the proposed algorithm to reduce voltage deviations among the grid buses, as well as to increase the RES penetration in the grid by intelligent management of EVs.
Abstract
This paper proposes an intelligent algorithm for dealing with high penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) in the medium voltage by intelligently managing electric [...]
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How to solve the fronthaul traffic congestion problem in H-CRAN?
A. Quddus, M. Imran, R. Tafazolli, M. Shakir, Y. Qi

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 271

Abstract
The design of efficient wireless fronthaul connections for future heterogeneous networks incorporating emerging paradigms such as heterogeneous cloud radio access network (H-CRAN) has become a challenging task that requires the most effective utilization of fronthaul network resources. In this paper, we propose and analyze possible solutions to facilitate the fronthaul traffic congestion in the scenario of Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) for 5G cellular traffic which is expected to reach ZetaByte by 2017. In particular, we propose to use distributed compression to reduce the fronthaul traffic for H-CRAN. Unlike the conventional approach where each coordinating point quantizes and forwards its own observation to the processing centre, these observations are compressed before forwarding. At the processing centre, the decompression of the observations and the decoding of the user messages are conducted in a joint manner. Our results reveal that, in both dense and ultra-dense urban small cell deployment scenarios, the usage of distributed compression can efficiently reduce the required fronthaul rate by more than 50% via joint operation.
Abstract
The design of efficient wireless fronthaul connections for future heterogeneous networks incorporating emerging paradigms such as heterogeneous cloud radio access network [...]
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Two-stage Stochastic Model for Petroleum Supply Chain from the Perspective of Carbon Emission
G. Wang, L. He

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 238

Abstract
With the strengthening of environmental protection awareness, carbon emission has become an important factor in the study of petroleum supply chain. This paper studies the petroleum supply chain from the view of carbon emission by combining with the choice of facilities location selection, production, transportation arrangement, and carbon tax policy. Researchers divide the source of crude oil into domestic crude oil and imported crude oil, and also establish a two-stage stochastic model, which is based on the volatility of the price of imported crude oil. Preliminary numerical result reveals that with the emphasis on the carbon factor, the petroleum supply chain prefers to pipeline transportation and imported cru de oil, so that the carbon emissions may be controlled effectively.
Abstract
With the strengthening of environmental protection awareness, carbon emission has become an important factor in the study of petroleum supply chain. This paper studies the [...]
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Theory Research and Practice of Structure Safety Measures and Deformation Prediction in Goaf
H. Wang, P. Deng, Q. Zhang, L. Tai

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 237

Abstract
Recently, coal mining in Jining has extended to the crowded cities and villages, bringing out the deformation of the rock in these areas, which leads to the damage of the civil and industrial buildings. Therefore, the ground surface deformation and the damage characteristics of the buildings have been studied, and appropriate safety measures have been taken according to different damage characteristics to reduce or even to avoid the damage of the buildings. The effect of different mining schemes on the ground has been analyzed, and the effects on important buildings have been studied. Safety measures have been taken on the space truss, oil tanks and pipelines of gas station and tensile stress of soil have been released by pressure releasing groove around the station. Some conclusions have reference significance for other relevant projects.
Abstract
Recently, coal mining in Jining has extended to the crowded cities and villages, bringing out the deformation of the rock in these areas, which leads to the damage of the [...]
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Strength characteristics of sealer devices at design stage
V. Nikulchikov, V. Butov, K. Golubeva, A. Yashchuk

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 268

Abstract
The paper deals with strength characteristics of several sealer devices used to seal the inner cavity of an oil pipeline during the replacement of a pipeline section. Construction calculations revealed the stresses related to the pressurized rubber-cord sealing element rupture resulted from an emergency situation. It was concluded that it is necessary to test the operating parameters before applying the sealers. Estimation of the safety factor of existing sealer devices designs was conducted and recommendations for its increase were proposed.
Abstract
The paper deals with strength characteristics of several sealer devices used to seal the inner cavity of an oil pipeline during the replacement of a pipeline section. Construction [...]
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A PHM System Approach: Application to a Simplified Aircraft Bleed System
N. Zerhouni, J. Gupta, J. Maitre, K. Medjaher

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 266

Abstract
Regarding Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), the stakes lie in system-level prognostics or even the prognostics of systems of systems, as decisions are usually made at system or platform level. In this paper, a method, which takes into account both the system redundancy and the adaptation of operational modes in degraded functioning, is proposed and formalized. This method makes the system-level prognostics more relevant. The main feature of the method is to re-compute the components Remaining Useful Life (RUL) using the degradation rate associated to the future operating mode(s) due to system reconfiguration. This results in an improvement of both the System RUL (SRUL) and the components RUL. The proposed method is applied on a simplified aircraft bleed valve system to illustrate its effectiveness. This method is primarily destined to aeronautic systems, which are usually resilient. It has not been tested whether or not it could be useful in other fields.
Abstract
Regarding Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), the stakes lie in system-level prognostics or even the prognostics of systems of systems, as decisions are usually made [...]
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Partial and Local Knowledge for Global Efficiency of Urban Vehicular Traffic
F. Mouël, E. Menard, M. Lebre

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 236

Abstract
International audience; Intelligent transportation systems that distribute information between roadside infrastructures and vehicles are one of the most promising solutions to the problem of traffic congestion. When most existing ITS solutions are centralized and information-complete, we propose PDLAIS-a Partial, Decentralized and Locally Autonomous Strategy, tested with an application called Smooth Way, allowing drivers to customize and improve their travel time and/or fuel consumption when traveling. Our study shows that, with only 2% of independently equipped intersections, a global improvement in the fuel consumption induces a reduction of 10% of the total travel time and 25% of the global waiting time. Local decisions with pertinent partial knowledge of the network are still 5 − 7% close to the performance of a centralized solution.
Abstract
International audience; Intelligent transportation systems that distribute information between roadside infrastructures and vehicles are one of the most promising solutions [...]
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A physical design study of fabscalar-generated superscalar cores
B. Dwiel, N. Choudhary, E. Rotenberg

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 235

Abstract
FabScalar is a recently published tool for automatically generating superscalar cores, of different pipeline widths, depths and sizes. The output of FabScalar is a synthesizable register-transfer-level (RTL) description of the desired core. While this capability makes sophisticated cores more accessible to designers and researchers, meaningful applications require reducing RTL descriptions to physical designs. This paper presents the first systematic physical design study of FabScalar-generated superscalar cores.
Abstract
FabScalar is a recently published tool for automatically generating superscalar cores, of different pipeline widths, depths and sizes. The output of FabScalar is a synthesizable [...]
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Sales pipeline win propensity prediction: A regression approach
S. Chu, J. Huang, M. Gong, J. Yan, C. Sun

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 234

Abstract
Sales pipeline analysis is fundamental to proactive management of an enterprize's sales pipeline and critical for business success. In particular, win propensity prediction, which involves quantitatively estimating the likelihood that on-going sales opportunities will be won within a specified time window, is a fundamental building block for sales management and lays the foundation for many applications such as resource optimization and sales gap analysis. With the proliferation of big data, the use of data-driven predictive models as a means to drive better sales performance is increasingly widespread, both in business-to-client (B2C) and business-to-business (B2B) markets. However, the relatively small number of B2B transactions (compared with the volume of B2C transactions), noisy data, and the fast-changing market environment pose challenges to effective predictive modeling. This paper proposes a machine learning-based unified framework for sales opportunity win propensity prediction, aimed at addressing these challenges. We demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed system using data from a top-500 enterprize in the business-to-business market. Comment: accepted by IM2015 as short paper
Abstract
Sales pipeline analysis is fundamental to proactive management of an enterprize's sales pipeline and critical for business success. In particular, win propensity prediction, [...]
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Rethinking Data-Intensive Science Using Scalable Analytics Systems
C. Yeksigian, M. Franklin, U. Laserson, A. Joseph, T. Danford, F. Nothaft, J. Kottalam, Z. Zhang, M. Linderman, M. Massie, A. Ahuja, J. Hammerbacher, D. Patterson

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 233

Abstract
"Next generation" data acquisition technologies are allowing scientists to collect exponentially more data at a lower cost. These trends are broadly impacting many scientific fields, including genomics, astronomy, and neuroscience. We can attack the problem caused by exponential data growth by applying horizontally scalable techniques from current analytics systems to accelerate scientific processing pipelines. In this paper, we describe ADAM, an example genomics pipeline that leverages the open-source Apache Spark and Parquet systems to achieve a 28x speedup over current genomics pipelines, while reducing cost by 63%. From building this system, we were able to distill a set of techniques for implementing scientific analyses efficiently using commodity "big data" systems. To demonstrate the generality of our architecture, we then implement a scalable astronomy image processing system which achieves a 2.8--8.9x improvement over the state-of-the-art MPI-based system.
Abstract
"Next generation" data acquisition technologies are allowing scientists to collect exponentially more data at a lower cost. These trends are broadly impacting many scientific [...]
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Numerical Modeling of Geological Environment Impact on the Pipelines
O. Ivanik, V. Shevchuk, M. Lavrenyuk

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 232

Abstract
The general technique of assessment of the stress-strain state of the system “geological environment-pipeline” that is subject to hazardous geological processes has been proposed. It is based on the numerical-analytical algorithms of stresses and displace
Abstract
The general technique of assessment of the stress-strain state of the system “geological environment-pipeline” that is subject to hazardous geological processes has been [...]
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Modeling of Complex and Diverse Aircraft Trajectories with the Trajectory Synthesizer Generalized Profile Interface
M. Wu, M. Abramson, A. Lee

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 231

Abstract
flexible interface for prescribing complex and diverse aircraft trajectories called GenProf was developed and tested on the Center TRACON Automation System (CTAS) software research platform. This interface models various pilot procedures, supports common flight constraints imposed by air traffic control, and allows the building of trajectories in accordance with new flight procedures. In addition to serving trajectory generation for air traffic management decision support tools and concepts, the GenProf methodology has enabled a variety of research and validation tasks to be performed. This paper describes the interface and details these applications.
Abstract
flexible interface for prescribing complex and diverse aircraft trajectories called GenProf was developed and tested on the Center TRACON Automation System (CTAS) software [...]
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Algorithm and data support of traffic congestion forecasting in the controlled transport
S. Dmitriev

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 230

Abstract
© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. The topicality of problem of the traffic congestion forecasting in the logistic systems of product movement highways is considered. The concepts: the controlled territory, the highway occupancy by vehicles, the parking and the controlled territory are introduced. Technical realizabilityof organizing the necessary flow of information on the state of the transport system for its regulation has been marked. Sequence of practical implementation of the solution is given. An algorithm for predicting traffic congestion in the controlled transport system is suggested.
Abstract
© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. The topicality of problem of the traffic congestion forecasting in the logistic systems of product movement highways is considered. [...]
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A concept of forecasting origin-destination air passenger demand between global city pairs using future socio-economic scenarios
V. Gollnick, I. Terekhov, R. Ghosh

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 229

Abstract
This study introduces a concept of a new method of forecasting air passenger flows on a global level using socio-economic scenarios. The method has two steps: forecasting the topology of origin-destination demand network and predicting the number of passengers on existing and new connections. Network theory is applied to simulate demand connections between cities utilizing weighted similarity based algorithms. The number of passengers on a connection is defined using quantitative analogies. Preliminary calculations show promising results. This concept of the global passenger demand prediction will be applied in a modular environment modeling the future air transport system.
Abstract
This study introduces a concept of a new method of forecasting air passenger flows on a global level using socio-economic scenarios. The method has two steps: forecasting [...]
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Study on the problems and Countermeasures of Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation Systems in China
Y. Liu, H. Li, J. Hua

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 228

Abstract
With the rapid development of Chinese economy, the using amount of both the oil, as an important pillar of industry construction and natural gas, as the energy needed in people's daily lives has been an increasing trend. With the increasing use of oil and gas resources, there are still many problems to be solved in oil and gas storage and transportation processes, for example, oil and gas storage and transportation pipelines are easily corroded, how to prevent fire hazards in oil and gas storage and transportation process, how to reduce evaporation losses by effective means because of its easily evaporating feature in oil gas storage and transportation process, which are the key issues that existing in oil and gas storage and transportation systems needed to attract enough attention. Through in-depth analysis and research to the practical issues, appropriate solutions should be made to ensure the security and environmental protection of oil and gas storage and transportation systems in the oil and gas storage and transportation process.
Abstract
With the rapid development of Chinese economy, the using amount of both the oil, as an important pillar of industry construction and natural gas, as the energy needed in people's [...]
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Model Reduction and Optimization of Natural Gas Pipeline Dynamics
S. Backhaus, M. Chertkov, S. Dyachenko, A. Zlotnik

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 227

Abstract
We derive a reduced control system model for the dynamics of compressible gas flow through a pipeline subject to distributed time-varying injections, withdrawals, and control actions of compressors. The gas dynamics PDE equations are simplified using lumped elements to a nonlinear ODE system with matrix coefficients. We verify that low-order integration of this ODE system with adaptive time-stepping is computationally consistent with solution of the PDE system using a split-step characteristic scheme on a regular space-time grid for a realistic pipeline model. Furthermore, the reduced model is tractable for use as the dynamic constraints of the optimal control problem of minimizing compression costs given transient withdrawals and gas pressure constraints. We discretize this problem as a finite nonlinear program using a pseudospectral collocation scheme, which we solve to obtain a polynomial approximation of the optimal transient compression controls. The method is applied to an example involving the Williams-Transco pipeline.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Abstract
We derive a reduced control system model for the dynamics of compressible gas flow through a pipeline subject to distributed time-varying injections, withdrawals, and control [...]
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Up in the air: Barriers to greener air traffic control and infrastructure lock-in in a complex socio-technical system
G. Spinardi

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 226

Abstract
Greater automation of air traffic control (ATC) could reduce aviation's climate change impacts, but improvements predicted long ago have been slow to happen. This resistance to ATC modernisation is framed as an issue of lock-in, and the detailed case study described here enables an analysis of the factors involved in slowing change. Although the classic lock-in effects of ‘increasing returns’ and ‘network externalities’ are important, a major barrier to modernisation is due to the political and organisational challenges of coordinating change across a large, complex socio-technical system. However, lock-in effects are crucial with respect to the perceived increasing returns accrued from experience with manual ATC operations, and the difficulty of quantifying the risks of automation (particularly as regard the use of complex software) is a major barrier to further improvements. Overcoming this obstacle to further automation depends on finding ways to test and operate new ATC software and procedures without compromising safety. Document type: Article
Abstract
Greater automation of air traffic control (ATC) could reduce aviation's climate change impacts, but improvements predicted long ago have been slow to happen. This resistance [...]
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Experiment Study on Yield Stress Using Curve Extension Method and Vane Method
L. Fuyan, W. Miao, Z. Kai, Z. Ningxiao, A. Chengdong, D. Haoxue

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 225

Abstract
The yield stress is a key rheological parameter of thick paste and critical design parameter of the high pressure pipeline system. Take coal slurry as an example, whether using vane method or curve extension method, the yield stress both exponentially increase with concentration increasing, but the data of yield stress in two methods is different. For pipes with different diameters, the yield stress showed in pipeline transportation varies during the extension of rheology curves. By contrasting the results of curve extension method and vane method using pipelines with different diameters, it comes that with a certain concentration and a certain range of diameter, yield stress with vane is bigger than that with curve extension, due to the effect of wall slip in pipe flow test.
Abstract
The yield stress is a key rheological parameter of thick paste and critical design parameter of the high pressure pipeline system. Take coal slurry as an example, whether [...]
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The implementation of the electric taxi fleet in the city of Poznan, Poland
M. Maciejewski, A. Merkisz-Guranowska

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 224

Abstract
Transport is an essential element of socio-economic growth, however, its development, besides the obvious benefits, generates a number of external costs such as congestion, noise, emission of harmful substances into the environment, depletion of non-renewable resources and energy consumption. One of the factors affecting the reduction of the environmental burden from road transport is the replacement of the conventionally-fueled vehicles by other types of powertrains, including the electric drives. The introduction of electric vehicles may become the key element in the sustainable transport strategy development in urban areas, but due to the fact that electric vehicles are still unpopular, the demand for these vehicles should be boosted by the vehicle fleet owners, especially by the companies providing transport services. The introduction of electric taxis requires the construction of an appropriate charging infrastructure, i.e. the selection of the charging station type and the determination of the number and locations of the stations. The paper outlines the progress in the introduction of electric taxi fleets in several cities. The main section relates to the possibility of the implementation of electric taxicabs in the city of Poznan, an agglomeration of 600 thousand inhabitants, located in the western part of Poland. The choice of vehicle and the calculation of the operating costs of a taxicab, as well as the calculation of the charging infrastructure costs have been also presented.
Abstract
Transport is an essential element of socio-economic growth, however, its development, besides the obvious benefits, generates a number of external costs such as congestion, [...]
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Emissions in real urban traffic conditions as a determinant of shaping sustainable urban development
M. Jacyna, J. Merkisz

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 223

Abstract
The paper presents an approach to analyse the impact of emissions in real urban traffic conditions on the shaping of a sustainable transport system. The authors show that developing a sustainable transport system will permit a wide range of research, experimentation and simulation of apportioning traffic streams on the transport network. Some aspects of estimating the level of harmful emissions generated by the transport network users across the country or the particular areas are presented. The paper presents the part of research in the “EMITRANSYS” project implemented by the Faculty of Transport in Warsaw University of Technology and the Poznan University of Technology.
Abstract
The paper presents an approach to analyse the impact of emissions in real urban traffic conditions on the shaping of a sustainable transport system. The authors show that [...]
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Autonomous driving at intersections: combining theoretical analysis with practical considerations
A. De La Fortelle, X. Qian

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 222

Abstract
International audience; The move towards automated driving is gaining impetus recently. This paper follows the approach of combining theoretical analysis with practical issues. It gives an insight of some practical problems that are encountered when running automated vehicles in real environments, using intersection crossing as a major example. The aim is not to try to be exhaustive but to show some criteria (safety, efficiency, reactivity, resilience, scalability…) for decision making in automated driving that have to be balanced before any mass deployment. In a second part we introduce mathematical tools that can help define algorithms and systems that improve current state of the art. We will also show some perspective for accommodating the hypotheses of these mathematical tools with real life constraints.
Abstract
International audience; The move towards automated driving is gaining impetus recently. This paper follows the approach of combining theoretical analysis with practical issues. [...]
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Modeling and simulation of function allocation concepts for separation assurance
T. Lewis, J. Holladay, T. Lauderdale

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 221

Abstract
This paper introduces a fast-time simulation testbed for conducting parametric studies to support the study of function allocation for separation assurance in the National Airspace System. The allocation of separation assurance functions between ground-based and airborne systems remains a topic of considerable interest in the air traffic management research community. The testbed, built on NASA's Airspace Concepts Evaluation System, provides a robust, fast-time simulation platform with the flexibility and modularity to represent a wide range of function allocation concepts and architectures. Candidate concepts, algorithms and other models (e.g., aircraft performance, weather, communications, surveillance, sources of uncertainty, etc.) can be rapidly prototyped and studied in the testbed. Accordingly, the testbed is uniquely equipped to address specific foundational research questions that may inform the continued exploration of air/ground function allocation for separation assurance. This paper introduces the design and architecture of the testbed, and presents an example case to demonstrate the application of the simulation platform to a function allocation research question.
Abstract
This paper introduces a fast-time simulation testbed for conducting parametric studies to support the study of function allocation for separation assurance in the National [...]
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Location Privacy of ADS-B for General Aviation
H. Yang, H. Lin, J. Zeng

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 220

Abstract
utomatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) is a satellite-based system that makes an aircraft equipped with it periodically generates ADS-B broadcasts including the aircraft’s identifier, position, velocity, etc. Since the broadcasts can enhance navigation capability remarkably, it has replaced radar and becomes the backbone of the air traffic management (ATM) of next generation. However, the leak of identity and location privacy allows adversaries to track flights easily. Especially in general aviation, people’s travel destination may be related to personal privacy, commercial secrets and other important information that need to be protected. In this paper, the author studies a well-known location privacy protection scheme named random silent period which enhances the uncertainty by mix the target plane with other planes in the anonymity set and entropy is used to evaluate the uncertainty. Furthermore, we proposes a new correlation tracking method to improve the uncertainty. The evaluation of location privacy demonstrates that the method is more practical and accurate than the simple tracking method. Keywords— ADS-B; location privacy; random silent period; entropy; tracking
Abstract
utomatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) is a satellite-based system that makes an aircraft equipped with it periodically generates ADS-B broadcasts including the [...]
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Fog Computing Architecture to Enable Consumer Centric Internet of Things Services
J. Haerri, S. Datta, C. Bonnet

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 219

Abstract
International audience; Fog Computing is a recent computing paradigm that is extending cloud computing towards the edge of network. Due to its proximity to end-users, dense geographical distribution, open platform and support for high mobility, Fog Computing platforms can provide services with reduced latency and improved QoS. Thus it is becoming an important enabler for consumer centric Internet of Things based applications and services that require real time operations e.g. connected vehicles, smart road intersection management and smart grid. The paper discusses one such architecture for connected vehicles with Road Side Units (RSUs) and M2M gateways including the Fog Computing Platform. M2M data processing with semantics, discovery and management of connected vehicles are briefly discussed as consumer centric IoT services enabled by the distinct characteristics of Fog Computing.
Abstract
International audience; Fog Computing is a recent computing paradigm that is extending cloud computing towards the edge of network. Due to its proximity to end-users, dense [...]
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Effects of product usage scenarios on environmental performance for road transport refrigeration units
C. HESLOUIN, A. STUMPF, L. POURCHERESSE, V. PERROT BERNARDET, A. CORNIER, N. PERRY

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 255

Abstract
significant issue for the transport refrigeration industry is its high use of non-renewable energy for both motion and refrigeration. With the goal of reducing the environmental footprint, this study is focused on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Truck Refrigeration Units (TRU). Contrary to most studies about TRU, this study considers alternative impact categories, including energy consumption, refrigerant fluids and their associated impacts. The LCA reveals that the operation phase is a significant source of environmental impact, while the usage-scenario also has a high influence on the impact. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the weight of the transported product profile (frozen or fresh), type of transport (distribution or long haul) and the operating mode (continuous run, start/stop) on the environmental footprint of transport refrigeration. Finally, the LCA results highlight the necessity to consider the role of customer behavior on the environmental performance of transport refrigeration units.
Abstract
significant issue for the transport refrigeration industry is its high use of non-renewable energy for both motion and refrigeration. With the goal of reducing the environmental [...]
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Probabilistic Assessment of Innovative Mitigating Measures for Buried Steel Pipeline–Fault Crossing
V. Melissianos, C. Gantes, D. Vamvatsikos

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 218

Abstract
methodology is presented on assessing the effectiveness of flexible joints in mitigating the consequences of faulting on buried steel pipelines through a comprehensive analysis that incorporates the uncertainty of fault displacement magnitude and the response of the pipeline itself. The proposed methodology is a two-step process. In the first step the probabilistic nature of the fault displacement magnitude is evaluated by applying the Probabilistic Fault Displacement Hazard Analysis, considering also all pertinent uncertainties. The second step is the “transition” from seismological data to the pipeline structural response through the fault displacement components as the adopted vector intensity measure. To mitigate the consequences of faulting on pipelines, flexible joints between pipeline parts are proposed as innovative measure for reducing the deformation of pipeline walls. Thus, the mechanical behavior of continuous pipelines and pipelines with flexible joints is numerically assessed and strains are extracted in order to develop the corresponding strain hazard curves. The latter are a useful engineering tool for pipeline – fault crossing risk assessment and for the effectiveness evaluation of flexible joints as innovative mitigating measures against the consequences of faulting on pipelines.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Abstract
methodology is presented on assessing the effectiveness of flexible joints in mitigating the consequences of faulting on buried steel pipelines through a comprehensive analysis [...]
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Optimal Performance Prediction of ADAS Algorithms on Embedded Parallel Architectures
R. Reynaud, B. Bouzid, M. Vasiliu, R. Saussard

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 217

Abstract
International audience; ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) algorithms increasingly use heavy image processing operations. To embed this type of algorithms, semiconductor companies offer many heterogeneous architectures. These SoCs (System on Chip) are composed of different processing units, with different capabilities, and often with massively parallel computing unit. Due to the complexity of these SoCs, predicting if a given algorithm can be executed in real time on a given architecture is not trivial. In fact it is not a simple task for automotive industry actors to choose the most suited heterogeneous SoC for a given application. Moreover, embedding complex algorithms on these systems remains a difficult task due to heterogeneity, it is not easy to decide how to allocate parts of a given algorithm on the different computing units of a given SoC. In order to help automotive industry in embedding algorithms on heterogeneous architectures, we propose a novel approach to predict performances of image processing algorithms applicable on different types of computing units. Our methodology is able to predict a more or less wide interval of execution time with a degree of confidence using only high level description of algorithms, and a few characteristics of computing units.
Abstract
International audience; ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) algorithms increasingly use heavy image processing operations. To embed this type of algorithms, semiconductor [...]
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Enhancement of Hydrodynamic Processes in Oil Pipelines Considering Rheologically Complex High-Viscosity Oils
A. Khamidullina, G. Khamidullina, G. Khamidullina, E. Khusnutdinova, I. Konakhina

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 253

Abstract
This paper describes a mathematical model of flow-related hydrodynamic processes for rheologically complex high-viscosity bitumen oil and oil-water suspensions and presents methods to improve the design and performance of oil pipelines.
Abstract
This paper describes a mathematical model of flow-related hydrodynamic processes for rheologically complex high-viscosity bitumen oil and oil-water suspensions and presents [...]
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Simple Tool for Aircraft Noise-Reduction Route Design
H. Ng, N. Chen, J. Li, B. Sridhar

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 216

Abstract
The design of arrival and departure routes from an airport has to balance the conflicting requirements of fuel efficiency, airport capacity utilization and community emission and noise considerations. The commonly used tools for aircraft noise assessment are the FAA’s Integrated Noise Model (INM) and Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT). These tools are suitable to generate precise noise contours. However, they are harder to use with other tools for route design optimization involving evaluation of a large number of aircraft trajectories. A simplified aircraft noise computation tool, named AIRNOISE, is developed for preliminary aircraft noise-reduction route design in this paper. AIRNOISE computes aircraft noise based on the same SAE-AIR-1845 procedures used by INM and AEDT. AIRNOISE does not consider components related to terrain and atmosphere adjustments. As a result, it is not only computationally efficient but also flexible to use for customized aircraft profiles. The aircraft noise results are compared with the FAA’s AEDT2b and show that the level of accuracy achieved by AIRNOISE can be used to reduce the number of route design options to a small number from a large pool for subsequent accurate analysis by INM.
Abstract
The design of arrival and departure routes from an airport has to balance the conflicting requirements of fuel efficiency, airport capacity utilization and community emission [...]
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Viability of Implementing Smart Mobility Tool in the Case of Tunis City
O. Chebbi, J. Chaouachi, E. Fatnassi

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 215

Abstract
Part 5: Modelling and Optimization; International audience; Nowadays, different changes from the economical, societal and environmental contexts are happen in cities. In fact, cities are generally the best place to endorse and enhance various experience in order to improve the quality of life of its citizens. In this context, the new vision of Smart Mobility fill into this context. The concept of Smart Mobility as a means to enhance the mobility experience of citizen has been gaining increasing importance in the agendas of cities stakeholder. It represents the best balance the economic, environmental and societal aspect of current transportation tools. The implementation of the smart mobility concept in the case of Tunis city is the subject matter of the paper. In fact, we focus on considering the Personal Rapid Transit system as an effective and efficient tool to bring smart mobility experience to Tunis city. This paper also presents and study the viability of implementing PRT in our specific context. An extensive simulation and economic feasibility study is conducted to validate our proposal. Computational results prove the different advantages of our proposal in the studied context. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book
Abstract
Part 5: Modelling and Optimization; International audience; Nowadays, different changes from the economical, societal and environmental contexts are happen in cities. In fact, [...]
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The analysis of repeated failures of pipelines in Kal'chinskoe oil field
O. Brusnik, E. Shavlov, V. Lukjanov

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 248

Abstract
The paper presents the chemical analysis of oilfield water and hydraulic analysis of the liquid flow in Kal'chinskoe oil field pipeline that allow detecting the causes of the internal corrosion processes. The inhibitor protection is suggested to reduce the corrosion rate in the pipelines of Kal'chinskoe oil field. Based on the analysis of the pipeline failures, it is suggested to replace steel pipes by fiberglass pipes.
Abstract
The paper presents the chemical analysis of oilfield water and hydraulic analysis of the liquid flow in Kal'chinskoe oil field pipeline that allow detecting the causes of [...]
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Renewable Energy in Islands. An Integrated Proposal for Electricity Generation and Transports
P. Marques, C. Camus, E. Eusebio, É. Silva

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 213

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to analyse and evaluate the economical, energetic and environmental impacts of the increasing penetration of renewable energies an d electrical vehicles in isolated systems, such as Terceira Island in Azores and Madeira Island . Given the fact that the islands are extremely depen dent on the importation of fossil fuels - not only for the prod uction of energy, but also for the transportation's sector - it's int ended to analyse how it is possible to reduce that dependency and de termine the resultant reduction of pollutant gas emissions. Different settings have been analysed - with and wi thout the penetration of EVs. The Terceira Island is an interesting case study, where EVs charging during off-peak hours could allow an increase in geothermal power, limited by the valley of power demand. The percentage of renewable energy in the electric power mix could reach the 74% in 2030 while at the same time, it is possible to reduce the emissions of pollutant ga ses in 45% and the purchase of fossil fuels in 44%. In Madeira , apart from wind, solar and small hydro power, there are not so many endogenous resources and the Island's emission factor cannot be so reduced as in Terceira . Although, it is possible to reduce fossil fuels imports and emissions in 1.8% in 2030 when compared with a BAU scenario with a 14% of the LD fleet composed by EVs.
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to analyse and evaluate the economical, energetic and environmental impacts of the increasing penetration of renewable energies an d electrical [...]
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Metropolis: Relating Airspace Structure and Capacity for Extreme Traffic Densities
E. Sunil, J. Hoekstra, J. Ellerbroek, F. Bussink, D. Nieuwenhuisen, A. Vidosavljevic, S. Kern

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 212

Abstract
International audience; Personal and unmanned aerial vehicles have received increasing media attention over the last decade. As a result of the growing excitement for these two aircraft types, many within and outside the aerospace industry envision a future in which large numbers of small aircraft fly over urban areas. With this vision for the future, the question arises what would be required, in terms of airspace organization, to make this feasible, or in deed, if it will be possible at all. In this context, the Metropolis project aims to investigate the influence of airspace structure on capacity, complexity, safety, and efficiency for high - density airspace. To this end, four airspace concepts, ranging fro m a decentralized direct routing concept, to a highly structured tube network using 4D trajectory - based operations, have been considered. The four concepts were compared by means of large - scale simulation experiments, for multiple scenarios that are extrem e when compared to current air traffic densities. This paper presents an overview of the Metropolis project with a focus on the project objectives, design and implementation of airspace concepts, and preliminary simulation results.
Abstract
International audience; Personal and unmanned aerial vehicles have received increasing media attention over the last decade. As a result of the growing excitement for these [...]
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A Speech-Enabled Simulation Interface Agent for Airspace System Assessments
V. Cheng, J. Nguyen, D. Ballinger, S. Cowart, A. Fong, S. Jones, H. Lu

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 211

Abstract
Extensive human-in-the-loop testing of the Next-Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) concepts and technologies is typically required in a controlled lab environment before they can be integrated for evaluation in the field. The experiments tend to require the participation of a large number of subject-matter experts (SMEs) including air traffic controllers (ATC) and (pseudo-)pilots, where such requirements make the experiments costly and the logistics with so many participants make them difficult to plan. These experiments often are designed only to collect data from either ATC or the pilots, but seldom both; the counterpart is needed only to provide realism in communication between them. The paper illustrates our research in developing a Speech-Enabled Simulation Interface Agent (SESIA) to replace the non-essential human subjects in these experiments. SESIA can interact with the SMEs through voice communication, and interface with the simulation platform to perform the intended control. It has the benefit of reduced cost associated with the experiments and increased convenience in their planning, thus allowing the opportunities to schedule additional testing. In cases where a pseudo-pilot would normally represent multiple flights and communicate to the ATC with the same voice for all flights, SESIA will actually increase the realism of the experiments by allowing different voices to be synthesized to simulate different pilots.
Abstract
Extensive human-in-the-loop testing of the Next-Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) concepts and technologies is typically required in a controlled lab environment [...]
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Overview of the HAIC “Space-borne Observation and Nowcasting of High Ice Water Content Regions” Sub-Project and Mid-Term Results
A. Guignard, E. Defer, A. Protat, A. Gounou, J. Moisselin, J. Meirink, J. Laat, J. Delanoë, F. Dezitter, F. Parol, A. Grandin, C. Vanbauce, M. Faivre, J. Brenguier

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 208

Abstract
International audience; The High Altitude Ice Crystals (HAIC) Sub-Project 3 (SP3) focuses on the detection of cloud regions with high ice water content (IWC) from current available remote sensing observations of space-based geostationary and low-orbit missions. The SP3 activities are aimed at supporting operationally the two up-coming HAIC flight campaigns (the first one in May 2015 in Cayenne, French Guyana; the second one in January 2016 in Darwin, Australia) and ultimately provide near real-time cloud monitoring to Air Traffic Management. More in detail the SP3 activities focus on the detection of high IWC from space-borne geostationary Meteosat daytime imagery, explore the synergy of concurrent multi-spectral multiple-technique observations from the low-orbit A-Train mission to identify specific signatures in high IWC cloud regions, and finally develop a satellite-based nowcasting tool to track and monitor convective systems over the Tropical Atlantic. The paper presents the HAIC SP3 objectives and provides an objective status of the sub-project at mid term of the HAIC project.
Abstract
International audience; The High Altitude Ice Crystals (HAIC) Sub-Project 3 (SP3) focuses on the detection of cloud regions with high ice water content (IWC) from current [...]
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Material property relationships for pipeline steels and the potential for application of NDE
L. Bond, L. Smart

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 243

Abstract
The oil and gas industry in the USA has an extensive infrastructure of pipelines, 70% of which were installed prior to 1980, and almost half were installed during the 1950s and 1960s. Ideally the mechanical properties (i.e. yield strength, tensile strength, transition temperature, and fracture toughness) of a steel pipe must be known in order to respond to detected defects in an appropriate manner. Neither current in-ditch methods nor the ILI inspection data have yet determined and map the desired mechanical properties with adequate confidence. In the quest to obtain the mechanical properties of a steel pipe using a nondestructive method, it is important to understand that there are many inter-related variables. This paper reports a literature review and an analysis of a sample set of data. There is promise for correlating the results of NDE measurement modalities to the information required to develop relationships between those measurements and the mechanical measurements desired for pipelines to ensure proper response to defects which are of significant threat.
Abstract
The oil and gas industry in the USA has an extensive infrastructure of pipelines, 70% of which were installed prior to 1980, and almost half were installed during the 1950s [...]
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Reassessing the financial and social costs of public transport
X. Li, J. Preston

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 207

Abstract
This paper uses a previously developed spreadsheet cost model which simulates public transport modes operated on a 12km route to analyse the total costs of different passenger demand levels. The previous cost model was a very powerful tool to estimate the social and operator cost for different public transport technologies. However, as the model is strategic based, some assumptions are very basic and idealized and the demand was assumed to be exogenous (externally fixed). When the level of demand is high for the lower capacity public transport technologies, passengers may find the incoming vehicle full and therefore they have to wait more than one service interval. This paper applies queueing theory to investigate the probability of having to wait longer than the expected service headways which will affect the average passenger waiting time. The extra waiting time for each passenger is calculated and applied in the spreadsheet cost model. The speed-flow equation in the original spreadsheet model assumes the speed decreases according to the ratio of the current frequency and the lane capacity which is based on the safety headway without any passenger boarding. However, this may vary in different operating environments. Therefore, the speed equation is improved by moving from a linear equation to a piecewise equation that considers the features of different operating environments. To evaluate the differences after applying these equations, endogenous demand rather than exogenous demand will be investigated by using the elasticities for passenger waiting time and journey time.
Abstract
This paper uses a previously developed spreadsheet cost model which simulates public transport modes operated on a 12km route to analyse the total costs of different passenger [...]
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TOWARDS EVALUATION TOOLS FOR LAST MILE DELIVERY PROJECTS: INSIGHTS FROM FRANCE
V. Cung, K. Evrard Samuel

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 206

Abstract
International audience
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On the study of human reliability in transportation systems of systems
F. Vanderhaegen, S. Rangra, W. Schön, M. Sallak

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 205

Abstract
International audience; Humans are and will remain one of the critical constituents of a technological system. The study of Human Factors is a broad domain with equally varying applications. Quantification thereof, with a Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) poses considerable challenges and advantages. In increasingly complex modern systems where large resources are allocated towards ensuring system's operational safety, it becomes necessary to analyze the actions of human operator who directly or indirectly influences system reliability. This paper envisages establishing a base towards a HRA model, to address existing issues. Railway systems and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems for automobiles are our application domains; we aim to identify the need of and usability in both. Human considered as a component of the System of Systems for risk assessment allows us to study its impact on system reliability and give feedback to improve system safety.
Abstract
International audience; Humans are and will remain one of the critical constituents of a technological system. The study of Human Factors is a broad domain with equally varying [...]
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One Sketch to Rule Them All
G. Vorsanger, A. Manousis, Z. Liu, V. Braverman, V. Sekar

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 240

Abstract
Network management requires accurate estimates of metrics for traffic engineering (e.g., heavy hitters), anomaly detection (e.g., entropy of source addresses), and security (e.g., DDoS detection). Obtaining accurate estimates given router CPU and memory constraints is a challenging problem. Existing approaches fall in one of two undesirable extremes: (1) low fidelity general-purpose approaches such as sampling, or (2) high fidelity but complex algorithms customized to specific application-level metrics. Ideally, a solution should be both general (i.e., supports many applications) and provide accuracy comparable to custom algorithms. This paper presents UnivMon, a framework for flow monitoring which leverages recent theoretical advances and demonstrates that it is possible to achieve both generality and high accuracy. UnivMon uses an application-agnostic data plane monitoring primitive; different (and possibly unforeseen) estimation algorithms run in the control plane, and use the statistics from the data plane to compute application-level metrics. We present a proof-of-concept implementation of UnivMon using P4 and develop simple coordination techniques to provide a ``one-big-switch'' abstraction for network-wide monitoring. We evaluate the effectiveness of UnivMon using a range of trace-driven evaluations and show that it offers comparable (and sometimes better) accuracy relative to custom sketching solutions.
Abstract
Network management requires accurate estimates of metrics for traffic engineering (e.g., heavy hitters), anomaly detection (e.g., entropy of source addresses), and security [...]
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Vehicle Fuel-Efficiency Choices, Emission Externalities, and Urban Sprawl
J. Kim

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 204

Abstract
This paper shows that a city where both a congestion externality and an externality from greenhouse gas emissions are corrected by efficient policies is more compact than the laissez-faire equilibrium city. Motivated by recent empirical studies showing a positive relationship between population density and vehicle fuel-efficiency, the consumer is assumed to choose vehicle fuel-efficiency jointly with housing consumption and residential location. By incorporating the consumer׳s vehicle choice into the urban spatial model, we can represent the total amount of vehicle emissions released by the city residents. We first establish the well-known result that the congestion externality as a source of market failure is associated with excessive urban sprawl. We then show that vehicle emissions are an additional source of market failure, which also leads to excessive urban sprawl. The source of excessive sprawl arising from the emission externality is the use of larger and less-fuel efficient vehicles in more sprawled cities, which is different from that of the congestion externality. We also analyze the effect of the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards on urban spatial structure and its efficacy as a second-best tool for correcting the emission externality.
Abstract
This paper shows that a city where both a congestion externality and an externality from greenhouse gas emissions are corrected by efficient policies is more compact than [...]
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Proactive and Reactive Management of Non-Weather Capacity Disruption Events in the National Airspace System: A Flow Modeling and Design Approach
S. Roy, Y. Wan

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 203

Abstract
primary function of air traffic flow management is to strategically shape traffic demand to match capacities (e.g., airport arrival/departure rate limits and Sector capacities), without imposing excessive delay. In the current United States National Airspace System (NAS), the disruptions modulating capacities and hence traffic management are predominantly weather events, including convection, winter weather, and high winds. However, during the next 15 years and beyond, it is likely that the air traffic system will be increasingly subject to man-made disruptions that impact traffic management, including 1) a growing frequency of cyberand physical-world security incidents, 2) commercial space operations, and 3) integration of high-altitude unmanned aircraft. Disruptions of these types have already begun to impact traffic control and management: for instance, the insider attack on the Chicago Air Route Traffic Control Center (ZAU) communication equipment during October 2014, and several recent commercial space launches and UAS-integration test scenarios. To date, such non-weather disruptions have had relatively contained and limited impact on air traffic system operations, but they will undoubtedly incur greater impact and cost in the near future as the airspace system becomes increasingly heterogeneous and cyberenabled. In consequence, paradigms for traffic management that account for non-weather disruptions will be needed in the near future.
Abstract
primary function of air traffic flow management is to strategically shape traffic demand to match capacities (e.g., airport arrival/departure rate limits and Sector capacities), [...]
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Application of groundwater aggressiveness assessment method for estimation of the karst process at main gas pipeline construction
A. Ermolaeva

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 235

Abstract
Main pipelines maintenance is connected with hazard engineering and geological working conditions. The article deals with the use of groundwater aggressiveness assessment method to estimate the karst processes development during the construction of main gas pipelines. The possibility of using this method is analyzed on the example of the initial section of the designed gas pipeline "Power of Siberia" (section "Chayanda-Lensk"). The calculation of the nonequilibrium index Ca was made in accordance with the geotechnical survey data. The dependencies between the geomorphological features of the terrain and the natural waters aggressiveness were determined.
Abstract
Main pipelines maintenance is connected with hazard engineering and geological working conditions. The article deals with the use of groundwater aggressiveness assessment [...]
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Impact of wheel shape on the vertical damage of cast crossing panels in turnouts
Y. Bezin, I. Grossoni, S. Neves, U. Huddersfield

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 202

Abstract
Impact forces generated in the load transfer area of railway crossing panels lead to a range of degradation modes from wear and fatigue of the contacting materials, fatigue of supporting components to ballast/subgrade deterioration. A simplified modelling approach has been developed to first analyse the geometrical problem of the axle rolling through the crossing geometry, and in a second step to predict the vertical dynamic force produce from the interaction between the wheel unsprung mass and the track system. The force is analysed in the frequency domain to estimate the level of damage in different parts of the track system. A parametric analysis of wheel shapes was carried out showing that the axle lateral displacement has a significant influence on the produced level of damage and also that characteristics such as the wheel flange thickness and the equivalent slope in the area of contact also leads to increased damage. It is suggested that such a measure in combination with the simplified algorithms developed here could be used, possibly in combination with track side monitoring system, to highlight traffic instances leading to increased asset damage.
Abstract
Impact forces generated in the load transfer area of railway crossing panels lead to a range of degradation modes from wear and fatigue of the contacting materials, fatigue [...]
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Development and Testing of a Post-Installable Deepwater Monitoring System Using Fiber-Optic Sensors
H. Tang, D. Brower, S. Le, C. Seaman

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 201

Abstract
This paper addresses the design and development of a fiber-optic monitoring system that can be deployed on existing deep water risers and flow lines; and provides a summary of test article fabrication and the subsequent laboratory testing performed at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Johnson Space Center (NASA-JSC)."/jats:p" "jats:p"A major challenge of a post-installed instrumentation system is to ensure adequate coupling between the instruments and the riser or flow line of interest. This work investigates the sensor coupling for pipelines that are suspended in a water column (from topside platform to seabed) using a fiber-optic sensor clamp and subsea bonding adhesive. The study involved the design, fabrication, and test of several prototype clamps that contained fiber-optic sensors. A mold was produced by NASA using 3-D printing methods that allowed the casting of polyurethane clamp test articles to accommodate 4-inch and 8-inch diameter pipes. The prototype clamps were installed with a subsea adhesive in a “wet” environment and then tested in the NASA Structures Test Laboratory (STL). The tension, compression, and bending test data showed that the prototype sensor clamps achieved good structural coupling, and could provide high quality strain measurement for active monitoring.
Abstract
This paper addresses the design and development of a fiber-optic monitoring system that can be deployed on existing deep water risers and flow lines; and provides a summary [...]
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Bike sharing station placement leveraging heterogeneous urban open data
D. Yang, K. Kushlev, W. Zhang, L. Chen, X. Ma, D. Zhang, G. Pan, S. Li

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 200

Abstract
International audience; Bike sharing systems have been deployed in many cities to promote green transportation and a healthy lifestyle. One of the key factors for maximizing the utility of such systems is placing bike stations at locations that can best meet users' trip demand. Traditionally, urban planners rely on dedicated surveys to understand the local bike trip demand, which is costly in time and labor, especially when they need to compare many possible places. In this paper, we formulate the bike station placement issue as a bike trip demand prediction problem. We propose a semi-supervised feature selection method to extract customized features from the highly variant, heterogeneous urban open data to predict bike trip demand. Evaluation using real-world open data from Washington, D.C. and Hangzhou shows that our method can be applied to different cities to effectively recommend places with higher potential bike trip demand for placing future bike station
Abstract
International audience; Bike sharing systems have been deployed in many cities to promote green transportation and a healthy lifestyle. One of the key factors for maximizing [...]
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Design of an Autonomous Intelligent Demand-Side Management System by using Electric Vehicles as Mobile Energy Storage Units by Means of Evolutionary Algorithms
C. Patsakis, M. Schoenauer, E. Galván-López

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 199

Abstract
International audience; Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs), or Evolutionary Computation, are powerful algorithms that have been used in a range of challenging real-world problems. In this paper, we are interested in their applicability on a dynamic and complex problem borrowed from Demand-Side Management (DSM) systems, which is a highly popular research area within smart grids. DSM systems aim to help both end-use consumer and utility companies to reduce, for instance, peak loads by means of programs normally implemented by utility companies. In this work, we propose a novel mechanism to design an autonomous intelligent DSM by using (EV) electric vehicles' batteries as mobile energy storage units to partially fulfill the energy demand of dozens of household units. This mechanism uses EAs to automatically search for optimal plans, representing the energy drawn from the EVs' batteries. To test our approach, we used a dynamic scenario where we simulated the consumption of 40 and 80 household units over a period of 30 working days. The results obtained by our proposed approach are highly encouraging: it is able to use the maximum allowed energy that can be taken from each EV for each of the simulated days. Additionally, it uses the most amount of energy whenever it is needed the most (i.e., high-peak periods) resulting into reduction of peak loads.
Abstract
International audience; Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs), or Evolutionary Computation, are powerful algorithms that have been used in a range of challenging real-world problems. [...]
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HSR and tourism: what can we learn from the past 50 years?
M. Delaplace, S. Bazin, F. Pagliara

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 196

Abstract
International audience; HSR and tourism: what can we learn from the past 50 years?Important investements in High Speed Rail (HSR) lines have been carried out all over the world since the opening of the first line in 1964. The analysis of the wider effects brought by these systems has been the core of major publications in the literature with the objective of investigating the benefits of the investments themselves.One aspect, less treated but of great interest, is the impact of HSR systems on the tourism market. Indeed, for an optimal assessment of this impact, some variables should be taken into account: firstly, how many tourists would not have gone to a given destination had the HSR not existed? Secondly, what are the characteristics of the tourists choosing to visit a destination served by a HSR line and what is the duration of their journey? ? Thirdly, do visitors spending justify the returns on investment?Some studies confirm that there is an impact, for example during the period between 1999 and 2010, the emerging HSR services did have significant impacts on boosting tourism in China. Provinces with HSR services were likely to have approximate 20% additional numbers of foreign arrivals and 25% greater tourism revenues than provinces without such systems (Chen and Haynes, 2012). But other authors show that it is not always the case in all the served cities (Todorovitch et al., 2011) and sometimes, a decrease of the journey has also been observed (Delaplace et al., 2014).The objective of this contribution is to show, through a literature review of studies carried out ex-post, that the effects are not systematic, since they depend on the implementation of the HSR service and on the characteristics of the places served. Indeed, if the HSR allows, in some cases, the increase in the number of tourists, a decrease of the length stay might follow. Some of the main findings of the scientific literature over the past 40 years are that the changes of accessibility of a destination served by a new HSR link is not the only element playing a role in tourism dynamism. It is necessary to take also into account the way HSR systems improve the image of the destination itself and the way they contribute to the coordination of the local stakeholders.
Abstract
International audience; HSR and tourism: what can we learn from the past 50 years?Important investements in High Speed Rail (HSR) lines have been carried out all over the [...]
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The effect of video caching on network resource planning — a real-case study
T. Pecorella, L. Brilli, R. Fantacci, T. Ionta

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 230

Abstract
Traffic Engineering is one of the building blocks for a correct network planning. Internet Service Providers are always trying to fulfill the user Quality of Experience (QoE). However, each technological advance brings new services to the user, with new challenges to be solved to maintain the QoE.
Abstract
Traffic Engineering is one of the building blocks for a correct network planning. Internet Service Providers are always trying to fulfill the user Quality of Experience (QoE). [...]
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The Design of Signal Control Software and Intersection Traffic Simulation
H. Xu, X. Hou, R. Zhu

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 195

Abstract
The current traffic signal lights often do not have flexible revise function, so it can't reach the real-time control requirements, and leads to increasingly serious urban traffic congestion, this control software presents an effective method to solve it by researching intersection traffic signal control. In this paper, intersection traffic signal timing control software and traffic flow microscopic simulation are designed. The software is implemented using the MFC programme. Simulation is based on SUMO. Through combining them, it can accomplish fixed timing control, multi-time control and adaptive control, which can adapt to different timing requirements and response to the current road conditions intuitively. By analyzing simulation result datas, it can be used for urban traffic signal timing optimization. To some degree, this software can ease the traffic congestion.
Abstract
The current traffic signal lights often do not have flexible revise function, so it can't reach the real-time control requirements, and leads to increasingly serious urban [...]
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A Framework of Point Merge-based Autonomous System for Optimizing Aircraft Scheduling in Busy TMA
M. Liang, D. Delahaye, P. Marechal

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 194

Abstract
International audience; In this article we present recent work towards the development of an autonomous system with point merge (PM) that performs sequencing, merging and spacing for arrival aircraft in the busy terminal area. This autonomous arrival management system aims to safely solve the major arrival flight scheduling problems currently handled by human controllers. With PM, it has the potential to handle higher traffic demands without more workload on controllers, consequently increasing capacity and reducing delay. The main objective of this paper is to introduce the framework of this autonomous system with PM. Based on analysis of classic PM route structure, a novel PM-based route network is firstly designed for Beijing Capital International Airport. Vertically, this PM system consists of multi-layers on the sequencing legs for different categories of aircraft with Heavy and Medium, horizontally, it is shaped as a lazy “8”. Then, a multiple-objectives function is discussed for this aircraft scheduling problem, operational constraints and conflict detection and resolution are analysed in detail, a modelling strategy with sliding time window and simulated annealing algorithm is proposed for solving this real-time dynamic problem. Experimental results verify our algorithm is well adapting the high-density traffic optimisation, and finally a conclusion is made and future work is pointed ou
Abstract
International audience; In this article we present recent work towards the development of an autonomous system with point merge (PM) that performs sequencing, merging and [...]
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Enabling a "RISC" Approach for Software-Defined Monitoring using Universal Streaming
Z. Liu, V. Braverman, G. Vorsanger, V. Sekar

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 193

Abstract
Network management relies on an up-to-date and accurate view of many traffic metrics for tasks such as traffic engineering (e.g., heavy hitters), anomaly detection (e.g., entropy of source addresses), and security (e.g., DDoS detection). Obtaining an accurate estimate of these metrics while using little router CPU and memory is challenging. This in turn has inspired a large body of work in data streaming devoted to developing optimized algorithms for individual monitoring tasks, as well as recent approaches to make it simpler to implement these algorithms (e.g., OpenSketch). While this body of work has been seminal, we argue that this trajectory of crafting special purpose algorithms is untenable in the long term. We make a case for a "RISC" approach for flow monitoring analogous to a reduced instruction set in computer architecture---a simple and generic monitoring primitive from which a range of metrics can be computed with high accuracy. Building on recent theoretical advances in universal streaming, we show that this "holy grail" for flow monitoring might be well within our reach.
Abstract
Network management relies on an up-to-date and accurate view of many traffic metrics for tasks such as traffic engineering (e.g., heavy hitters), anomaly detection (e.g., [...]
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Table of Content
A. Anonymous, M. Marchant, A. McKenzie, K. Paudel

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 192

Abstract
Table of Content Acta Cardiologia Indonesiana Volume 1 Number 1 Year 2015 Document type: Article
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A Research on Prediction about Air passenger Traffic in the Capital Airport Area
X. Chao, X. Wang

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 191

Abstract
With the continuous development of China's economic level, the amount of air traffic has improved a lot. More and more airports are constructed or expanded in China. in order to avoid the waste of resources caused by too large-scale planning, prediction for air traffic has occupied a more and more important position. Based on the detailed analysis of factors affecting the air passenger traffic, combined with the use of SPSS13.0 software, we try to find out how these factors affect air traffic and how they affect each other. Some methods like trend extrapolation and linear regression analysis are also used in this paper. Considering all these factors together and using these methods mentioned above to get a final predict result.
Abstract
With the continuous development of China's economic level, the amount of air traffic has improved a lot. More and more airports are constructed or expanded in China. in order [...]
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Risk assessment of a petroleum product pipeline in Nigeria: the realities of managing problems of theft/sabotage
A. Ambituuni, P. Hopkins, J. Wood, D. Werner, J. Amezaga

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 190

Abstract
Pipelines carrying oil and gas are very safe forms of energy transportation, but they do sometimes fail. In the Developed World these failures are usually associated with impact damage (e.g. from earth moving equipment), corrosion, or manufacturing faults in the pipeline materials. In the Developing World theft and sabotage is a major, and increasing cause of failure. Countries such as China, Mexico, and Nigeria have major problems with theft of pipeline products, sabotage, and vandalism. This paper reviews pipeline failures in Nigeria, focusing on pipelines carrying hydrocarbon liquids. The review clearly shows that theft/sabotage is the major cause of failure to pipelines, and the recorded failure rates (0.35 per km-year) are well above failure rates reported on other pipeline systems around the world. Fatalities from pipeline failures range from 0.04 to 0.38 per km-yr, depending on the region in Nigeria. Additionally, on average, the operator of the pipeline system considered in this paper loses about $US100million/year due to these failures. This value does not consider the costs associated with payment of compensation, fines, environmental clean-ups, litigation, etc. The paper concludes with recommendations to improve pipeline safety systems to reduce these fatalities and costs.
Abstract
Pipelines carrying oil and gas are very safe forms of energy transportation, but they do sometimes fail. In the Developed World these failures are usually associated with [...]
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SERVICE ISSUES: overview of electric vehicles use in Vietnam
X. Nguyen, Q. Nguyen

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 189

Abstract
International audience; Due to the problems caused by the gasoline engine on the environment and people, the automotive industry has turned to the electrically powered vehicle. Electric Vehicles (EVs) such as electric two-wheelers and electric cars provide convenient local transportation and are becoming popular means of transport in Vietnam in recent years. Electric bicycles, electric motorbikes and electric cars appeared in Vietnam since the early 2000s and are growing very quickly. As of September 2015, Vietnam's EV market has grown to an estimated 2.5 million e-bike units and over 1000 electric cars. However, electric vehicles, as a competitive solution for green transportation, are yet to be bettered off. Lead poisoning, traffic accidents, lack of charging facilities, lack of policies and regulations to ensure safe and effective usage for a better environment and sustainability, in general are the elements that affect and restrain the further development of the Vietnamese market. In this paper, we present an overview of EV use in Vietnam, as well as the benefits and limitations of EV use, especially the many existing issues, and some recommendations to manage the development of these new modes of transport.
Abstract
International audience; Due to the problems caused by the gasoline engine on the environment and people, the automotive industry has turned to the electrically powered vehicle. [...]
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Simulating the Risks from Aircraft Debris to the Public on the Ground
A. Prouzeau, C. Johnson

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 188

Abstract
International audience; The International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) identify an Airprox to be a situation in which, in the opinion of a pilot or air traffic services personnel, the distance between aircraft as well as their relative positions and speed have been such that the safety of the aircraft involved may have been compromised. These are relatively rare events but they must be reported and investigated in order to reduce future risks. Airprox investigations and similar studies into near-miss incidents focus on the risk to passengers and crew. They do not consider the impact of debris. This raises concerns when, for example, the Bijlmermeer crash led to the deaths of 39 people on the ground. This paper presents a system that was developed to simulate the risks from aircraft debris on ground-based infrastructures. The system was developed and validated with help from Airprox investigators. To this end, a User Centered Design process was applied; analysing the activities and needs of potential users from two European investigation agencies. The following pages present the key design decisions, provide insights into the development process and identify limitations with our existing system. The closing sections identify further applications of this approach and suggest areas for further work.
Abstract
International audience; The International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) identify an Airprox to be a situation in which, in the opinion of a pilot or air traffic services [...]
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The experimental study on shear behavior of concrete I-shaped beam with web openings
H. Huang, J. Qiao, M. Zhu, C. Liang

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 187

Abstract
KEYWORD:Experimental study; Web openings;Concrete I-shaped beams;Annular stirrups;Shear behavior ABSTRACT:Openings on the I-shaped beam web could accommodate pipelines and therefore might cut down the project cost due to the floor height is lower. In this paper, three concrete I- shaped beams are prepared, the sole difference between their is the openings position on the beam web. To compensate the strength undermined by the openings, annular stirrups are added to the surroundings of the openings. Then, based on these preparation works, a series of experiments were carried out to test the shear behavior of the beams and obtain relevant data, such as deflection, crack width and distribution, strain of reinforcing steel. Data analyses were made according to the statistics collected from the experiments what testified the feasibility of extending the opening at the beam web's ends. Some useful proposals about how to decide the bar amounts of annular stirrups also given by this work.
Abstract
KEYWORD:Experimental study; Web openings;Concrete I-shaped beams;Annular stirrups;Shear behavior ABSTRACT:Openings on the I-shaped beam web could accommodate pipelines and [...]
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