Documents published in 2015 : Scipedia

Estimation and back extrapolation of CO2emissions from the road transport sector: emissions in Ireland, 1990 to 2013
M. Alam, B. Hyde, P. Duffy, A. McNabola

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 186

Abstract
The estimation of CO2 emissions is an important information process in the assessment of climate impacts, mitigation policy development, and assessment of the impacts of previous interventions in various polluting sectors. This investigation comprised the estimation of CO2 emissions from the road transport sector in Ireland using a previously unavailable level of data disaggregation for vehicle mileage as well as using vehicle class specific data and an improved estimation methodology. Estimates of CO2 emissions were carried out for the recent years up to 2013 and these were also back extrapolated to 1990. CO2 emissions were estimated using COPERT software. Historic vehicle fleet data were restructured, annual mileage data were estimated and back extrapolated using a linear regression approach. The results of this investigation outline the distribution of CO2 emissions across the transport sector in Ireland in 2013. These results also facilitate a comparison of the impacts of the new input data and improved estimation methodology over previous estimates of CO2 emissions. Previous assessments (1990–2012) were shown to have under-estimated the contribution of diesel fuelled passenger cars by more than 38%. Diesel fuelled passenger cars were also shown to account for the majority of CO2 emissions from road transport activities in Ireland in 2013.The results of this investigation highlight the impact of recent trends of increasing numbers of diesel car purchases in Ireland, which has been incentivised by government climate change policy.
Abstract
The estimation of CO2 emissions is an important information process in the assessment of climate impacts, mitigation policy development, and assessment of the impacts of previous [...]
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Sustainable transport in cities: learning from best and worst practice?
A. Langeland

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 183

Abstract
It is generally recognized that a shift from car use to public transport, walking and cycling will reduce both local and global emissions. The goal of this paper was firstly to identify the European cities with the lowest and the highest car use, and secondly, to discuss if and how other cities can learn from the Best and Worst practice. The top twenty of cycling cities in Europe is presented. Munster in Germany tops the list and is the European Bike City. The new TEMS EPOMM database makes it easy to compare a modal split in cities and thus answer questions like: Which city is most transport sustainable? Which city is the most car dependent? It is not surprising that they cycle a lot in Dutch cities, nor in Copenhagen, possibly more surprising that the bike is used extensively in Berlin? Milton Keynes has indeed become a car city, 75 percent of all trips is with a car. A line can be drawn through Europe. North of the line one find “cycling countries” and south of the line “car countries”. Belgium is divided in two. Cities in the Flemish part to the north cycle a lot, while in Valona they hardly cycle. The paper discusses some of the findings and gives tentative answers to these differences between countries and citie
Abstract
It is generally recognized that a shift from car use to public transport, walking and cycling will reduce both local and global emissions. The goal of this paper was firstly [...]
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Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Mismatch between Planned Road Infrastructure and Traffic Demand in Large Cities
A. Knoll, H. Aydt, J. Ivanchev

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 182

Abstract
large cities evolve in time, the traffic demand and the road network adapt to the mutually presented changes by each other. As a result of this process, previously planned roads and intersections that were designed according to some optimality criteria at the time, turn out to be sub-optimal when traffic conditions change. This paper presents a method that can be used in order to identify intersections whose capacity is no longer in correspondence with the demand of vehicles on them and the choices agent make at those locations. Using real data from a survey describing the travel patterns of people in the city of Singapore we are able to model the routing choices of commuters and simulate the traffic demands on the road network. After calculating the turning probabilities on every intersection we are able to compare the traffic demand for every turn with the planned physical roads' capabilities. Furthermore we define a measure, which quantifies the deviation of the whole road network from the ideal demand-calculated values. We use these measures to evaluate the temporal and spatial profile of the mismatch between the roads and the demand for them. The measure is designed such that it is universal in nature and invariant to the absolute values of the traffic flows in the city. It can, therefore, be used to compare the proper utilization of road networks among different cities.
Abstract
large cities evolve in time, the traffic demand and the road network adapt to the mutually presented changes by each other. As a result of this process, previously planned [...]
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Programming sensor networks with nomadic NFC transponders
T. Leppänen, I. Milara, J. Riekki, J. Kataja

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 216

Abstract
We present how NFC transponders can be used for energy efficient programming of closed-loop sensor networks, to update or augment the existing functionality. Use cases include road tunnel inspection, water pipeline monitoring and maintaining safety information on behalf of mine workers. We utilize opportunistic movement of the human operator, the flow of fluid in a pipeline or material in mines, to move the NFC transponder in the system effortlessly and without external network connectivity. Transponders contain mobile agents in their memory, which are injected into the system when transponder comes to the proximity of a node with NFC reader component. Then mobile agents autonomously operate their tasks, i.e. collect and process sensor data in the devices, detect events from data, control physical components and report their results. Mobile agents can adapt to the operational conditions of the system and physical environment, e.g. to save energy or operate in isolated network segments in fault situations. Real-world evaluation shows that this method is energy efficient in comparison with communications atop similar wireless sensor network.
Abstract
We present how NFC transponders can be used for energy efficient programming of closed-loop sensor networks, to update or augment the existing functionality. Use cases include [...]
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Moving Vehicles Detection Based on Improved Gaussian Mixture Model
Y. Ma, Z. Zhang, Y. Li

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 179

Abstract
Vehicles detection has a great significance on traffic congestion relief, traffic accidents prevention and treatment. This paper proposes an improved Gaussianmixture model(GMM) to detect moving vehicles because GMM always detects background for foreground in complex environment. The new algorithm combines GMM with frame difference. Then, the whole vehicle can be detected by this new algorithm because of the enhanced demarcation point between background and foreground. Finally, the moving vehicles detection system is established. Experiments in different weather(sunny and rainy) and different time(day and night) have been made. They can prove that the new algorithm has been greatly improved in the aspects of adaptability, accuracy, real-time and so on. The movingvehicles can also be detected correctly and effectively in the situation with various complicated factors.
Abstract
Vehicles detection has a great significance on traffic congestion relief, traffic accidents prevention and treatment. This paper proposes an improved Gaussianmixture model(GMM) [...]
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Numerical simulation and pressure drop prediction of slug flow in oil/gas pipelines
Z. Al-Hashimy, A. Mohmmed, H. Al-Kayiem, Z. Kadhim

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 178

Abstract
The sustainable transportation of liquid fuels in a piping system can be interrupted due to slug flow, which causes the severe unsteady loading on pipelines. A feature that is particularly affected by this problem is the oil transportation pipeline, where gas is often combined with the produced oil. In order to fully understand the behavior of such flows, it is imperative to simulate the effective zones along the span of the pipelines. This will allow the designer of the piping system to estimate the required pumping power through the evaluation of the pressure drop in the slug oil/gas flow. This paper reports the oil/gas flow phenomena in a horizontal pipe with a large diameter of 0.16 m, with 3-dimensional, transient, incompressible fluids, utilizing STAR-CCM+ commercial software. The volume of fluid (VOF) model was adopted to track the interface between the two phases. The operational conditions for the cases studied were extracted for the slug zone from the Baker chart. The slug flow was achieved accordingly, which gives us granted validation with the experimental source. The numerical procedure allowed the determination of the pressure drop. Also, the transient behavior of the slug flow was predicted through the tracking of the slug development in the pipe segment. Moreover, the proposed model could be extended to simulate other types of two-phase flow regimes.
Abstract
The sustainable transportation of liquid fuels in a piping system can be interrupted due to slug flow, which causes the severe unsteady loading on pipelines. A feature that [...]
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An Intersection Game-Theory-Based Traffic Control Algorithm in a Connected Vehicle Environment
A. Elbery, M. Elhenawy, H. Rakha, A. Hassan

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 177

Abstract
Urban traffic congestion is a growing problem that we experience every day. Intersections are one of the major bottlenecks that contribute to urban traffic congestion. Traditional traffic control methods, such as traffic signal and stop sign control are not optimal for all demand levels as demonstrated in the literature. Recently, numerous research efforts proposed Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) applications to enhance intersection capacity and hence reduce congestion. In this paper we propose a game-theory-based algorithm for controlling autonomous vehicle movements equipped with Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) systems at uncontrolled intersections. The goal of this research effort is to develop an algorithm capable of using the future autonomous/automated vehicle capabilities to replace the usual state-of-the-practice control systems at intersections (e.g. stop signs, traffic signals, etc.). The proposed algorithm is chicken-game inspired and is efficient for application in real-time. It assumes vehicles can communicate with a central agent at the intersection to provide their instantaneous speeds and locations. The proposed algorithm assumes that vehicles obey the Nash equilibrium solution of the game. The simulation results demonstrated reductions in vehicle travel time and delay relative to an all-way stop sign control in the range of 49 and 89 percent on average respectively.
Abstract
Urban traffic congestion is a growing problem that we experience every day. Intersections are one of the major bottlenecks that contribute to urban traffic congestion. Traditional [...]
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Luxembourg SUMO Traffic (LuST) Scenario: 24 hours of mobility for vehicular networking research
R. Frank, L. Codeca, T. Engel

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 176

Abstract
Different research communities varying from telecommunication to traffic engineering are working on problems related to vehicular traffic congestion, intelligent transportation systems, and mobility patterns using information collected from a variety of sensors. To test the solutions, the first step is to use a vehicular traffic simulator with an appropriate scenario in order to reproduce realistic mobility patterns. Many mobility simulators are available, and the choice is usually done based on the size and type of simulation required, but a common problem is to find a realistic traffic scenario. In order to evaluate and compare new communication protocols for vehicular networks, it is necessary to use a wireless network simulator in combination with a vehicular traffic simulator. This additional step introduces further requirements for the scenario. The aim of this work is to provide a scenario able to meet all the common requirements in terms of size, realism and duration, in order to have a common basis for the evaluations. In the interest of building a realistic scenario, we decided to start from a real city with a standard topology common in mid-size European cities, and real information concerning traffic demands and mobility patterns. In this paper we show the process used to build the Luxembourg SUMO Traffic (LuST) Scenario, and present a summary of its characteristics together with an overview of its possible use cases.
Abstract
Different research communities varying from telecommunication to traffic engineering are working on problems related to vehicular traffic congestion, intelligent transportation [...]
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Distributed traffic control for reduced fuel consumption and travel time in transportation networks
A. Sharma, J. Dong, R. Dai

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 175

Abstract
This paper proposes a distributed framework for optimal control of vehicles in transportation networks. The objective is to reduce the balanced fuel consumption and travel time through hybrid control on speed limit and ramp metering rate. The dual decomposition theory associated with the subgradient method is then applied in order to decompose the optimal control problem into a series of suboptimal problems and then solve them individually via networked road infrastructures (RIs). Coordination among connected RIs is followed in each iteration to update the individual controls. An example is demonstrated to verify the reduction in terms of fuel consumption and travel time using the proposed approach.
Abstract
This paper proposes a distributed framework for optimal control of vehicles in transportation networks. The objective is to reduce the balanced fuel consumption and travel [...]
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Engineering Oracles for Time-Dependent Road Networks
G. Papastavrou, C. Zaroliagis, A. Paraskevopoulos, S. Kontogiannis, G. Michalopoulos, D. Wagner

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 174

Abstract
We implement and experimentally evaluate landmark-based oracles for min-cost paths in large-scale time-dependent road networks. We exploit parallelism and lossless compression, combined with a novel travel-time approximation technique, to severely reduce preprocessing space and time. We significantly improve the FLAT oracle, improving the previous query time by $30\\%$ and doubling the Dijkstra-rank speedup. We also implement and experimentally evaluate a novel oracle (HORN), based on a landmark hierarchy, achieving even better performance wrt to FLAT. Comment: In ALENEX 2016
Abstract
We implement and experimentally evaluate landmark-based oracles for min-cost paths in large-scale time-dependent road networks. We exploit parallelism and lossless compression, [...]
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A City Traffic Library
J. Barbe, S. Lacroux, E. Liyana

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 173

Abstract
Digital Product Simulation (DPS) created a library for the modeling of city traffic. This library is designed for the development and evaluation of control strategies, rendered possible when vehicles are able to communicate between each other and with their infrastructure. CityTraffic library allows for the implementation of control strategies by all of the players acting in an urban environment (e.g. located in vehicles, with a global server computing set points for the vehicles, or with a traffic management system setting speed limits and traffic light cycles). The library is divided in two parts, macroscopic traffic and microscopic traffic. Macroscopic components are used to describe road networks such as highways whereas microscopic components allow for modeling city traffic where interactions between vehicles and their environment are many. By using a City Traffic library, cities can decrease the number of traffic jams on their road network, and improve the overall impact of the traffic on the environment.
Abstract
Digital Product Simulation (DPS) created a library for the modeling of city traffic. This library is designed for the development and evaluation of control strategies, rendered [...]
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Transport and traffic rule violation monitoring service in ITS: A secured VANET cloud application
N. Ajam, S. Mallissery, R. Pai, M. Pai, J. Mouzna

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 172

Abstract
Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) cloud, a hybrid technology, provides several computational services to minimize traffic congestion, travelling time, accidents, and environmental pollution. In the proposed work, the concept of VANET cloud is used for helping the regulatory authorities in identifying the vehicles violating the traffic rules through sensors included as part of On Board Unit (OBU). When the vehicle is on fly the sensor values are periodically transferred to the cloud, controlled by the traffic police. A novel concept called Transient Ticket (TT) has been used to minimize the time and the cost of distributing Certificate Revocation List (CRL) to the vehicles. The proposed scheme also ensures utmost verification of identity, authenticity, confidentiality and integrity of the communication parties and messages exchanged. The work has been simulated using NS3 network simulator and Google App Engine (GAE). All the generated keys, TTs and the exchanged messages have been securely stored in the GAE for the ease of accessibility and processing. The results show that the proposed approach consumes very less time with respect to the generation of keys, exchange of messages, verification of authenticity and the generation of TT without compromising security.
Abstract
Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) cloud, a hybrid technology, provides several computational services to minimize traffic congestion, travelling time, accidents, and environmental [...]
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The design of an agent based model of human activities and communications in cardiac resuscitation
J. Dugdale, L. Mancheva

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 171

Abstract
International audience; Cardio-pulmonary arrest is a common emergency situation causing over 400,000 deaths per year, more than a 1000 per day, in the USA alone. The goal of this work is to develop an agent based computer simulator that will allow trainers to experiment with different communication protocols, such as those found in air traffic control. This paper describes the first step in designing the simulator development. The design is based on an analysis of communications during real life training simulations using the FIPA standard categories.
Abstract
International audience; Cardio-pulmonary arrest is a common emergency situation causing over 400,000 deaths per year, more than a 1000 per day, in the USA alone. The goal [...]
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Protecting Offshore Pipelines Against Drifting Ice: A Discussion on Standards and Guidelines
P. Barrette, D. Sudom, H. Babaei

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 170

Abstract
In freezing waters, seabed gouging ice features (icebergs, pressure ridges) are a threat to offshore pipelines, which must be buried to a safe depth. Several standards and guidelines addressing this issue are examined and compared. The type of information that each code deems significant varies considerably — factors that are important to some code writers are not to others. API RP 2N, CSA-ISO 19906, CSA Z662 and DNV OS F101 direct the users to specific factors that either must or could be considered for design, but do not indicate what is to be done with them. In contrast, the RMRS rules are highly prescriptive. From a code user’s perspective, a comprehensive listing of all factors involved in ice-seabed-pipe interaction might provide better guidance in assessing what needs to be considered. This assessment could also be divided into three distinct operations: determination of design gouge depth, determination of clearance below the design gouge depth, and determination of pipeline response.Copyright © 2015 by Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canad
Abstract
In freezing waters, seabed gouging ice features (icebergs, pressure ridges) are a threat to offshore pipelines, which must be buried to a safe depth. Several standards and [...]
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JChoc DisSolver - Bridging the Gap Between Simulation and Realistic Use
J. Haddou, I. Benelallam, E. Bouyakhf, G. Elkhattabi, Z. Erraji

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 169

Abstract
The development of innovative and intelligent multiagent applications based on Distributed Constraints Reasoning techniques is obviously a fastidious task, especially to tackle new combinatorial problems (e.i. distributed resource management, distributed air traffic management, Distributed Sensor Network (Bejar et al., ´ 2005)). However, there are very few open-source platforms dedicated to solve such problems within realistic uses. Given the difficulty that researchers are facing, simplifying assumptions and simulations uses are commonly used techniques. Nevertheless, these techniques may not be able to capture all the details about the problem to be solved. Hence, transition from the simulation to the actual development context causes a loss of accuracy and robustness of the applications to be implemented. In this paper, we present preliminary results of a new distributed constraints programming platform, namely JChoc DisSolver. Thanks to the extensibility of JADE communication model and the robustness of Choco Solver, JChoc brings a new added value to Distributed Constraints Reasoning. The platform is user-friendly and the development of multiagent applications based on Constraints Programming is no longer a mystery to users. A real distributed problem is used to illustrate how the platform can be appropriated by an unsophisticated user and the experimental results are encouraging for more investigations.
Abstract
The development of innovative and intelligent multiagent applications based on Distributed Constraints Reasoning techniques is obviously a fastidious task, especially to [...]
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Green transportation analysis based on environmental logistics in China
B. Liu

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 168

Abstract
Objective: emphasizing preventing the environment from being harmed by logistics, Then he analyses green transportation of the environmental logistics study.especially on the part of possible degree in china. Methods: Survey Analysis based on status of China. Results: Chinese people believe that at this stage the logistics of low prices for the realization of the higher cost of environment logistics, most people are willing to pay a higher cost, but China's current energy structure and the technical level is difficult to achieve in a short leap. Conclusion: Although green transport is extremely important in a ring of environmental logistics, it's the reality of today's China is difficult to significant improvement in
Abstract
Objective: emphasizing preventing the environment from being harmed by logistics, Then he analyses green transportation of the environmental logistics study.especially on [...]
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Assessing people travel behavior using GPS and open data to validate neighbourhoods characteristics
M. Oliveti, S. van der Spek, C. Quak, T. Sarjakoski, M. Santos, L. Sarjakoski

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 211

Abstract
With the help of technologies such as GPS tracks, GIS and open data is now possible to study people travel behaviour in a new way. Nowadays, large datasets can be easily handled thanks to databases and better visualized using GIS. Moreover, the availability of GPS data, open data and VGI makes accessible a lot of new information, which was not obtainable before. This research is about the analysis of mobility patterns in different neighbourhoods in three cities in the Netherlands. The study is based on the validation of mobility theoretical performances by the actual performances measured through the analysis of GPS logs of households, who live in the neighbourhoods. A series of spatial indicators based on proximity, density and accessibility are computed in order to assess the theoretical performances of the neighbourhoods. To achieve this task, information about built environment characteristics and infrastructure networks is retrieved from OpenStreetMap, and other datasets. In the end the neighbourhoods are classified into five classes, according to the different levels of performances in terms of sustainable mobility. In such a way, it is possible to better understand the key factors that influence actual people travel patterns, providing policy makers with accurate information about the real movement of people.
Abstract
With the help of technologies such as GPS tracks, GIS and open data is now possible to study people travel behaviour in a new way. Nowadays, large datasets can be easily handled [...]
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Modulating Workload for Air Traffic Controllers during Airport Ground Operations
M. Causse, F. André, M. Cousy, Z. Chua

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 167

Abstract
International audience; Evaluating future technology concepts for air traffic control ground operations requires exploration of work scenarios of differing complexities, i.e. scenarios that create more or less taskload for air traffic controllers. While the link between traffic load and workload has been well-characterized in the literature and is often the only complexity variable applied to validation studies, there are other operational events that can augment controller workload. Through a series of interviews and on-site observations of professional and student air traffic controllers, we defined seven general operational events that can be applied to all airport ground operations. We discuss the development of two scenarios of different workloads (average and hard) and their validation with air traffic controllers.
Abstract
International audience; Evaluating future technology concepts for air traffic control ground operations requires exploration of work scenarios of differing complexities, i.e. [...]
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PMSR - Poor Man's Segment Routing, a minimalistic approach to Segment Routing and a Traffic Engineering use case
P. Ventre, L. Veltri, S. Salsano, L. Davoli, G. Siracusano

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 166

Abstract
The current specification of the Segment Routing (SR) architecture requires enhancements to the intra-domain routing protocols (e.g. OSPF and IS-IS) so that the nodes can advertise the Segment Identifiers (SIDs). We propose a simpler solution called PMSR (Poor Man's Segment Routing), that does not require any enhancement to routing protocol. We compare the procedures of PMSR with traditional SR, showing that PMSR can reduce the operation and management complexity. We analyze the set of use cases in the current SR drafts and we claim that PMSR can support the large majority of them. Thanks to the drastic simplification of the Control Plane, we have been able to develop an Open Source prototype of PMSR. In the second part of the paper, we consider a Traffic Engineering use case, starting from a traditional flow assignment optimization problem which allocates hop-by-hop paths to flows. We propose a SR path assignment algorithm and prove that it is optimal with respect to the number of segments allocated to a flow. Comment: September 2015 - Paper accepted to the Mini-conference track of NOMS 2016
Abstract
The current specification of the Segment Routing (SR) architecture requires enhancements to the intra-domain routing protocols (e.g. OSPF and IS-IS) so that the nodes can [...]
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Mechanism based on pipe cleaning apparatus of high-pressure water jet
S. Nian, Y. Cheng, H. Sun

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 163

Abstract
Industrial pipes conveying fluid in the long process will produce dirt, which affects the efficiency of transmission. This paper presents a design applicable to pipeline clean-up program. The use of high pressure rotating nozzle head is designed to use high-pressure water jet to clean up the striking force pipeline. This paper also proposes a clamping force relies on two cams to constrain pipes. The coordination with the two cams control the speed and mode of high-pressure pipes to to apply to different pipe scale. And the design of adaptive spring system accommodates different diameter high-pressure transmission pipes. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of pipeline cleaning device based on high pressure water jet. Introduction Pipeline in the chemical business has been very widely used, mainly used to transport chemical raw materials and chemical liquid. The long-time delivery will lead to the chemical liquid remaining in the pipeline, which greatly reduces the effective portion of the pipeline, seriously affects the transmission efficiency and increases costs, so that the pipelines need to clean in times. According to the current domestic and international existing high-pressure water jet control scheme, this paper proposes a high-pressure water jet pipe cleaning solution for factories. The use of high pressure rotating nozzle head is designed to use high-pressure water jet to clean up the striking force pipeline. The coordination with the two cams control the speed and mode of high-pressure pipes to apply to different pipe scale. And the design of adaptive spring system accommodates different diameter high-pressure transmission pipes. The device is designed to solve the inconvenience to clean up the vertical pipe, and the problems of horizontal pipes’ incomplete clean. Overall high-pressure injection system design and demonstration. According to the equation 0.745 F q p  about water jet (q is the flow per minute through the water, unit L / min, p is the pressure of the water jet, unit Mpa). The design specifications required of climbing height lead to calculate the pressure and flow pressure, and then adjust the high-pressure pipe nozzle spray angle to achieve the best cleaning effect. Using high-pressure rotating nozzle head, followed by a row of nozzle orifices with a set angle trunk, high-pressure hose connected to the tail through thread. Legs and high pressure nozzle body joints using a torsion spring. The upper legs fit with a large number of small roller. When facing the diameter transformation, torsion springs compress, so that the legs can be shorter to adjust the diameter changing pipeline. The model of high-pressure rotating nozzle head shows in figure 1. 5th International Conference on Information Engineering for Mechanics and Materials (ICIMM 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 169 Fig.1 High-pressure rotating nozzle head model Whether the high pressure hose can go through the variable diameter pipeline, the key point is the choice of torsion stiffness. Figure 2 shows some parameters of a torsion spring in large diameter pipe to a small diameter pipe transition state of motion. The analysis of Adams in which the transition from the high-pressure nozzle is designed to process large diameter pipes of small diameter, the role of time and the tail thrust related to the relatively short duration of action. So you can draw a conclusion that the designs of high pressure nozzle thrust can go through varying-diameter pipelines. (a) Torsion spring x direction velocity (b) Torsion spring deformation (c) Torsion spring torque diagram Fig.2 Torsion spring in the variable diameter pipeline motion state diagram To achieve climbing height, high-pressure rotating nozzle head needs to overcome its own gravity and hose gravity. According to 0.745 F q p  , get a group of theoretical value of the pressure and flow rate, the relationship shown in Figure 3. And then according to the theoretical value for the selected motor, and finally a combination of a high pressure injection control system is completed. Fig.3 Water jets striking force ,pressure and flow diagrams Design and implementation of high-pressure hose’s speed-control mechanism Thread screw goes through the hole between the frame and the support plate on the threaded connection. Since the box is fixed, when knobbing screw thread, the thread-support plate will move along the direction of the screw. There are two limit stops on the front end of the movement plate, thereby pressing the spring and the movement plate. The roller mounting shaft passing through the
Abstract
Industrial pipes conveying fluid in the long process will produce dirt, which affects the efficiency of transmission. This paper presents a design applicable to pipeline clean-up [...]
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A Software Stack for Next-Generation Automotive Systems on Many-Core Heterogeneous Platforms
M. Sójka, P. Gai, A. Marongiu, P. Burgio, I. Olmedo, M. Bertogna

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 206

Abstract
The advent of commercial-of-the-shelf (COTS) heterogeneous many-core platforms is opening up a series of opportunities in the embedded computing market. Integrating multiple computing elements running at lower frequencies allows obtaining impressive performance capabilities at a reduced power consumption. These platforms can be successfully adopted to build the next-generation of self-driving vehicles, where Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) need to process unprecedently higher computing workloads at low power budgets. Unfortunately, the current methodologies for providing real-time guarantees are uneffective when applied to the complex architectures of modern many-cores. Having impressive average performances with no guaranteed bounds on the response times of the critical computing activities is of little if no use to these applications. Project HERCULES will provide the required technological infrastructure to obtain an order-of-magnitude improvement in the cost and power consumption of next generation automotive systems. This paper presents the integrated software framework of the project, which allows achieving predictable performance on top of cutting-edge heterogeneous COTS platforms. The proposed software stack will let both real-time and non real-time application coexist on next-generation, power-efficient embedded platform, with preserved timing guarantees.
Abstract
The advent of commercial-of-the-shelf (COTS) heterogeneous many-core platforms is opening up a series of opportunities in the embedded computing market. Integrating multiple [...]
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As a Sustainable Transportation Issue Evaluation Of Dolmush Taxi Transition in Bursa Turkey
S. Bilgic, P. Yaliniz

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 161
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Aircraft trajectory clustering techniques using circular statistics
A. McFadyen, M. O'Flynn, D. Campbell, T. Martin

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 205

Abstract
This paper presents a statistical aircraft trajectory clustering approach aimed at discriminating between typical manned and expected unmanned traffic patterns. First, the track angle history for each trajectory is re-sampled and modelled using a mixture of Von Mises distributions (circular statistics). Second, the re-modelled trajectories are globally aligned using tools from bio-informatics. Third, the alignment scores are used to cluster the trajectories using an iterative k-medoids approach and an appropriate distance function. The approach is then evaluated using synthetically generated unmanned aircraft flights combined with real air traffic position reports taken over a sector of Northern Queensland, Australia. Results suggest that the technique is useful in distinguishing between expected unmanned and manned aircraft traffic behaviour, as well as identifying some common conventional air traffic patterns. Refereed/Peer-reviewed
Abstract
This paper presents a statistical aircraft trajectory clustering approach aimed at discriminating between typical manned and expected unmanned traffic patterns. First, the [...]
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Modelling flexible thrust performance for trajectory prediction applications in ATM
I. Matamoros Cid, X. Prats Menéndez, J. López Leonés, E. Casado, M. Vilaplana, V. Mouillet, A. Nuic, L. Cavadini

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 203

Abstract
Reduced thrust operations are of widespread use nowadays due to their inherit benefits for engine conservation. Therefore, in order to enable realistic simulation of air traffic management (ATM) scenarios for purposes such as noise and emissions assessment, a model for reduced thrust is required. This paper proposes a methodology for modelling flexible thrust by combining an assumed temperature (AT) polynomial model identified from manufacturer take-off performance data and public thrust models taken from typical ATM performance databases. The advantage of the proposed AT model is that it only depends on the take-off conditions —runway length, airport altitude, temperature, wind, etc. The results derived from this methodology were compared to simulation data obtained from manufacturer’s take-off performance tools and databases. This comparison revealed that the polynomial model provides AT estimations with sufficient accuracy for their use in ATM simulation. The Base of Aircraft Data (BADA) and the Aircraft Noise and Performance (ANP) database were chosen as representative of aircraft performance models commonly used in ATM simulation. It was observed that there is no significant degradation of the overall accuracy of their thrust models when using AT, while there is a correct capture of the corresponding thrust reduction. Peer Reviewed
Abstract
Reduced thrust operations are of widespread use nowadays due to their inherit benefits for engine conservation. Therefore, in order to enable realistic [...]
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Decentralized Control for Scalable Quadcopter Formations
S. Montenegro, Q. Ali

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 202

Abstract
An innovative framework has been developed for teamwork of two quadcopter formations, each having its specified formation geometry, assigned task, and matching control scheme. Position control for quadcopters in one of the formations has been implemented through a Linear Quadratic Regulator Proportional Integral (LQR PI) control scheme based on explicit model following scheme. Quadcopters in the other formation are controlled through LQR PI servomechanism control scheme. These two control schemes are compared in terms of their performance and control effort. Both formations are commanded by respective ground stations through virtual leaders. Quadcopters in formations are able to track desired trajectories as well as hovering at desired points for selected time duration. In case of communication loss between ground station and any of the quadcopters, the neighboring quadcopter provides the command data, received from the ground station, to the affected unit. Proposed control schemes have been validated through extensive simulations using MATLAB®/Simulink® that provided favorable results. Document type: Article
Abstract
An innovative framework has been developed for teamwork of two quadcopter formations, each having its specified formation geometry, assigned task, and matching control scheme. [...]
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Loading/unloading lay-by areas location and sizing: a mixed analytic-Monte Carlo simulation approach
R. Pinto, A. Lagorio, R. Golini

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 201

Abstract
The already significant volume of freight vehicles moving within city limits is steadily growing, and is expected to continue increasing at an even faster rate. Many European cities, however, have historical urban heritages and constraints that make them a logistics nightmare, where traffic congestion can result from improperly parked vehicles. In this paper, we focus on the location and sizing of commercial parking lay-bys in urban centres, where it is possible to park for a limited amount of time to perform loading/unloading operations and deliveries. The problem has been formulated and addressed with reference to a central district in the city of Bergamo, with a strong commercial presence, and characterized by significant problems of traffic congestion. We present a mixed analytic-Monte Carlo simulation approach in order to find an optimal distribution and relative sizes of the lay-by areas according to the demand and location of the business activities.
Abstract
The already significant volume of freight vehicles moving within city limits is steadily growing, and is expected to continue increasing at an even faster rate. Many European [...]
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Initial Analysis of and Predictive Model Development for Weather Reroute Advisory Use
H. Arneson

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 159

Abstract
In response to severe weather conditions, traffic management coordinators specify reroutes to route air traffic around affected regions of airspace. Providing analysis and recommendations of available reroute options would assist the traffic management coordinators in making more efficient rerouting decisions. These recommendations can be developed by examining historical data to determine which previous reroute options were used in similar weather and traffic conditions. Essentially, using previous information to inform future decisions. This paper describes the initial steps and methodology used towards this goal. A method to extract relevant features from the large volume of weather data to quantify the convective weather scenario during a particular time range is presented. Similar routes are clustered. A description of the algorithm to identify which cluster of reroute advisories were actually followed by pilots is described. Models built for fifteen of the top twenty most frequently used reroute clusters correctly predict the use of the cluster for over 60 of the test examples. Results are preliminary but indicate that the methodology is worth pursuing with modifications based on insight gained from this analysis.
Abstract
In response to severe weather conditions, traffic management coordinators specify reroutes to route air traffic around affected regions of airspace. Providing analysis and [...]
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Virtual flight testing in an aircraft sizing and optimization process
Y. Gourinat, P. Schmollgruber, N. Bartoli

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 158

Abstract
The approach proposed in this paper aims at increasing knowledge during the conceptual design phase through the addition of new modules or disciplines. Various investigations identified the Stability Augmentation System as a key subsystem to be taken into account as soon as possible since it opens the design space and allows potential performance gains. In parallel, studies demonstrated the strong impact of certification constraints on the sizing of an aircraft. A new Multi Disciplinary Analysis and Optimization process for conceptual studies is then defined. One of its characteristics is that a certification module corresponding to a digital version of the regulatory texts can exchange with the Multi Disciplinary Analysis during the optimization. With such a layout, designers can optimize a configuration given a set of constraints or, they can trace the necessary modifications to the certification rules for a given architecture. Another key feature of the proposed process is the use of a full simulator (6 degrees of freedom) to fly the various reference missions within the sizing process. With this approach aircraft designers have then a high fidelity mission module that provides an important amount of information. Potential benefits can be foreseen for advanced concepts (especially flying technology demonstrators) relying on energy sources other that kerosene. In addition, the possibility to simulate the real routes of the aircraft during the optimization phase opens many options for close collaborations with Air Traffic Management research. Of course, this amount of information comes at a certain computational cost that is unusual for conceptual design tools. However, there are already ideas on how to reduce computational time.
Abstract
The approach proposed in this paper aims at increasing knowledge during the conceptual design phase through the addition of new modules or disciplines. Various investigations [...]
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Underground pipeline laying using the pipe-in-pipe system
V. Krets, N. Antropova, M. Pavlov

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 198

Abstract
The problems of resource saving and environmental safety during the installation and operation of the underwater crossings are always relevant. The paper describes the existing methods of trenchless pipeline technology, the structure of multi-channel pipelines, the types of supporting and guiding systems. The rational design is suggested for the pipe-in-pipe system. The finite element model is presented for the most dangerous sections of the inner pipes, the optimum distance is detected between the roller supports.
Abstract
The problems of resource saving and environmental safety during the installation and operation of the underwater crossings are always relevant. The paper describes the existing [...]
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Suboptimal longitudinal reference trajectory computation for time based continuous descent operations
T. Miquel

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 157

Abstract
This paper addresses a specific aspect of air traffic control services, namely the achievement of an orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic under time constrained continuous descent approach. More specifically, a futuristic 4D trajectory application where the air traffic controller will ask an aircraft to overfly a meter fix at a specific time is addressed. The main benefit expected from this application is to improve flight efficiency by more precise maneuvering resulting from on-board capabilities as well as noise abatement and fuel saving. More precise maneuvers are also expected to increase sector capacity. Indeed moving from radar vectoring to monitoring precomputed trajectories would contribute to decrease controller's workload and therefore to increase sector capacity. This paper presents a new methodology to compute a reference trajectory for time based continuous descent operations and focuses on aircraft longitudinal motion including known wind. As far as time constrained operations are assumed, final time as well as final altitude and along track distance to be flown are imposed. We propose a new methodology to compute a reference calibrated airspeed (CAS) and a reference vertical speed to achieve imposed final position and altitude at a prescribed time which solve the Two-point Boundary Value Problem (TPBVP) where initial and final constraints are coupled with the set of ordinary differential equations associated with the aircraft motion. The aircraft is considered as a point mass model. The optimal control problem consists in minimizing fuel consumption while ensuring that the maximum longitudinal and normal accelerations remain lower than the acceptable level for civil flights. The computed trajectory is a time parametrized trajectory which will be used as a reference trajectory by some envisioned tracking controller installed on board the aircraft. Nevertheless the design of the tracking controller is out of the scope of this paper. Numerical simulations using Bada 3.11 9 are provided to illustrate the suboptimal trajectory generation method and achieved results.
Abstract
This paper addresses a specific aspect of air traffic control services, namely the achievement of an orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic under time constrained continuous [...]
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Optimal routing of electric vehicles in networks with charging nodes: A dynamic programming approach
C. Cassandras, A. Malikopoulos, S. Pourazarm

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 156

Abstract
Motivated by the significant role of recharging in battery-powered vehicles, we study the routing problem for vehicles with limited energy through a network of charging nodes. We seek to minimize the total elapsed time for vehicles to reach their destinations considering both traveling and recharging times at nodes when the vehicles do not have adequate energy for the entire journey.We have studied the case of homogeneous charging nodes in [1] and generalized it to inhomogeneous charging nodes in [2] by formulating and solving a Mixed Integer Non-Linear Programming problem (MINLP) for a single-vehicle. In this paper, we solve the same problem using Dynamic Programming (DP), resulting in optimal solutions with lower computational complexity compared to [2]. For a multi-vehicle problem, where traffic congestion effects are included, we use a similar approach by grouping vehicles into “subflows” and propose a DP formulation. Our numerical results show that DP becomes prohibitively slow as the number of subflows increases. As in [1] and [2] we resort to an alternative flow optimization formulation leading to a computationally simpler problem solution with minimal loss of accuracy.
Abstract
Motivated by the significant role of recharging in battery-powered vehicles, we study the routing problem for vehicles with limited energy through a network of charging nodes. [...]
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Perceived Accessibility of Public Transport as a Potential Indicator of Social Inclusion
M. Friman, L. Olsson, K. Lättman

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 193

Abstract
Perceived accessibility has been acknowledged as an important aspect of transport policy since the 70s. Nevertheless, very few empirical studies have been conducted in this field. When aiming to improve social inclusion, by making sustainable transport modes accessible to all, it is important to understand the factors driving perceived accessibility. Unlike conventional accessibility measures, perceived accessibility focuses on the perceived possibilities and ease of engaging in preferred activities using different transport modes. We define perceived accessibility in terms of how easy it is to live a satisfactory life with the help of the transport system, which is not necessarily the same thing as the objective standard of the system. According to previous research, perceived accessibility varies with the subjectively-rated quality of the mode of transport. Thus, improvements in quality (e.g. trip planning, comfort, or safety) increase the perceived accessibility and make life easier to live using the chosen mode of transport. This study (n=750) focuses on the perceived accessibility of public transport, captured using the Perceived Accessibility Scale PAC (Lättman, Olsson, & Friman, 2015). More specifically, this study aims to determine how level of quality affects the perceived accessibility in public transport. A Conditional Process Model shows that, in addition to quality, feeling safe and frequency of travel are important predictors of perceived accessibility. Furthermore, elderly and those in their thirties report a lower level of perceived accessibility to their day-to-day activities using public transport. The basic premise of this study is that subjective experiences may be as important as objective indicators when planning and designing for socially inclusive transport systems.
Abstract
Perceived accessibility has been acknowledged as an important aspect of transport policy since the 70s. Nevertheless, very few empirical studies have been conducted in this [...]
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Economic and CO2 Emission Benefits of a Solar Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Station for Workplaces in the Netherlands
G. Mouli, P. Bauer, S. Silvester, M. Leendertse, V. Prasanth, M. Zeman, S. Geer

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 190

Abstract
The paper analyses the economic and environmental benefits of charging electric vehicles (EV) at workplaces in the Netherlands using photovoltaic panels (PV). A 10kW EV-PV charging system is used to charge the electric cars directly from photovoltaic panels. The cost of using a gasoline vehicle is compared with that of an electric vehicle that is charged from the grid or from solar panels. It is found that charging EV from PV results in huge savings in fuel cost, taxes and lower CO2 emissions. A comparison is made for solar panels installed on rooftops and as a solar carport and the impact of feed-in tariffs on PV generation revenues is evaluated.
Abstract
The paper analyses the economic and environmental benefits of charging electric vehicles (EV) at workplaces in the Netherlands using photovoltaic panels (PV). A 10kW EV-PV [...]
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Global earthing systems: Characterization of buried metallic parts
G. Valtorta, G. Cafaro, P. Montegiglio, F. Torelli, E. Pons, R. Tommasini, P. Colella

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 185

Abstract
International Standards IEC 61936-1 and EN 50522 define a Global Earthing System (GES) as the earthing network, created by the interconnection of local earthing systems, that should guarantee the absence of dangerous touch voltages. This is achieved through two effects: the division of the earth fault current between many earthing systems and the creation of a quasi equipotential surface. The second effect can be enhanced by the presence of buried metallic parts, such as light poles and water/gas pipelines, that can modify the earth surface potential profile. In order to characterize these buried conductors, an extensive measurement campaign was organized; in order to determine the resistance to earth of these buried conductors a simplified measurement protocol has been applied to more than 800 metallic objects. In this paper, the measurement set-up, the results and their analysis are reported.
Abstract
International Standards IEC 61936-1 and EN 50522 define a Global Earthing System (GES) as the earthing network, created by the interconnection of local earthing systems, that [...]
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Paired T-test analysis to measure the efficiency impact of a flying RPAS in the non-segregated airspace
E. Pastor, M. Perez-Batlle, C. Barrado, M. Lopez

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 183

Abstract
In the context of the ERAINT project, a number of human-in-the-loop simulations were conducted to study the implications of integrating a remote piloted aircraft system (RPAS) into the managed airspace. For the purpose of this study, the RPAS was assumed to be involved in surveillance missions, flying a large-endurance scan pattern. The area of surveillance was selected such that it crossed an active airway for approaches. Furthermore, the simulations also included situations in which the RPAS was involved in an emergency situation such as lost links and engine failures. From previous work, the results obtained from these simulations showed that the air traffic controllers (ATCs) could successfully manage the required separations for airspace safety assurance. Nevertheless, the number of total commands issued increased, in particular the number of requirements for altitude changes, and especially those destined to commercial aircraft. Given an aircraft's flying altitude impact on performance, one question rapidly arose: Is there an increase in flight costs for airlines as a result of the increased number of ATC commands issued to provide the necessary separation with the RPAS? For this purpose two metrics relating to time and fuel are defined such that they are targeted on quantifying the economic impact for commercial air traffic resulting from the presence of a RPAS. Both metrics are computed from the ADS-B traces of all aircraft in the sector and the results of each simulation are compared with those of a baseline simulation, in which the RPAS is not present. To improve on the comparison between each simulation's results we complement this study with a statistical analysis of the available data samples using paired t-test analyses to determine if the observed differences are statistically significant or simply due to random variability. Peer Reviewed
Abstract
In the context of the ERAINT project, a number of human-in-the-loop simulations were conducted to study the implications of integrating a remote piloted aircraft system (RPAS) [...]
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Traffic Flow Model Based on Power Flow
J. Zhang

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 151

Abstract
The article is research on the traffic rules of freeways. We analyze factors like traffic flow and safety performance respectively, and propose the theory basis for making more reasonable rules of the road. We first establish an evaluation system of traffic flow, which can be designed based on the average speed, the traffic density, the following ratio and the overtaking ratio. And we separately calculate the average speed and traffic density in heavy traffic and the opposite. Meanwhile, we obtain a relation of traffic flow and overtaking ratio or following ratio via fitting. We next construct an assessment system, based on IHSDM, and reach the conclusion that the more different the speed of vehicles is, the higher the relevant accident rate will be. As the accident rate reflects the safety performance directly, combining the conclusion with the overtaking model, we can probe into safety performance of freeways under different traffic rules. Afterwards, we compare the freeway network to power network to find a solution, and establish a traffic flow model based on power flow (TFPF). It calculates power flow. We utilize cellular automata (CA) method to simulate traffic circulation, and verify the accuracy of the above model with the obtained data. The verification shows the model is feasible in certain degree. Finally, the intelligent control of urban traffic flow applies to both light and heavy traffic. And it cannot only reduce the required time controlled by human factor, but also guide and schedule reasonably through the network monitoring, so as to ease traffic congestion and traffic accidents, and improve the efficiency of transportation.
Abstract
The article is research on the traffic rules of freeways. We analyze factors like traffic flow and safety performance respectively, and propose the theory basis for making [...]
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Research on the Application of Internet of Things (IOT) for Urban Gas Industry
W. Zhao

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 150

Abstract
he Internet of things is an important part of the next generation information technology. Also it is a vital development stage of the "informationization" era. The internet of things can connect the traditional urban gas industry to the network information platform. By changing the mode of production, the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries can be finally realized. This paper analyzes the wireless meter reading and remote service, wireless network monitoring and management of the network of gas pipelines on users' side. In this way, it aims to introduce the scheme of network of things now widely used in urban gas industry in China. In the scheme, applying scientific means based on Internet of things deals with effectively control over operation safety cared by all urban gas enterprises. In addition, in big data era, automatic collection of operation data and management data is also realized through Internet of things nowadays, not only laying solid foundation for delicacy management in enterprise, but also providing opportunities for integrating resources, creating new business and finding new profit growth points in traditional enterprises.
Abstract
he Internet of things is an important part of the next generation information technology. Also it is a vital development stage of the "informationization" era. The internet [...]
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Synthetic Fuels from Electricity for the Swedish Transport Sector: Comparison of Well to Wheel Energy Efficiencies and Costs
P. Alvfors, S. Grönkvist, M. Larsson

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 149

Abstract
Synthetic fuels based on electricity, water, and carbon dioxide (CO2) may be necessary to cover the fuel demand in a sustainable transport sector based on renewable energy sources. The aim of this paper is to compare hydrogen, methane, methanol and diesel produced in this way. The main parameters for the analysis are well to wheel energy efficiency and costs, and the fuels are analysed in a Swedish context. The results indicate that methane and diesel could have the potential to be cost competitive in the near term, at least if common incentivesfor renewable transportation fuels are applied. Moreover, that hydrogen is the best option in terms of well to wheel energy efficiency, and that it in the longer term also may be cost competitive to the other fuels.
Abstract
Synthetic fuels based on electricity, water, and carbon dioxide (CO2) may be necessary to cover the fuel demand in a sustainable transport sector based on renewable energy [...]
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PRINCIPES CARTOGRAPHIQUES ET CARACTERISTIQUES UTILISATEURS DANS LA VISUALISATION DYNAMIQUE D’INFORMATION
J. Imbert, S. Maggi, C. Hurter, S. Fabrikant

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 148

Abstract
International audience; We detail an empirical animation study to assess how display design and user spatial ability and training might influence visuospatial decision-making with animated displays showing aircraft movements. We present empirical results of a visuospatial detection task with moving objects, based on response accuracy and response time, including a descriptive eye-movement analysis. We found significant differences in a visuospatial detection task of moving objects across animation design types and domain expertise levels based on viewers' visuospatial skill differences. With this empirical approach, we hope to better understand how users explore and extract information from animated displays. Based on these results, we aim to further develop empirically validated animation display design guidelines to increase their efficiency and effectiveness for decision-making with and about moving objects.; Nous présentons en détail une expérimentation évaluant des tâches utilisateurs dans un contexte de visualisation dynamique représentant des mouvements d'avions sur une interface de contrôle aérien. Nous cherchons à évaluer l'influence des principes d'affichage et du niveau d'expertise sur les aptitudes spatiales des participants à prendre des décisions. L'évaluation est basée sur l'exactitude des réponses données, le temps de réponse, et analyse descriptive des mouvements oculaires (eye tracking). Nous constatons des différences significatives dans la détection visuelle et spatiale d'objets en mouvement, selon le type d'animation et le niveau d'expertise des utilisateurs. À l'aide de cette expérimentation, nous espérons mieux comprendre comment les utilisateurs examinent, interprètent et extraient des connaissances à partir d'affichages dynamiques. À partir de ces résultats, nous souhaitons dégager des principes directeurs qui nous permettrons d'améliorer la conception d'animation, nous cherchons ainsi à accroître l'efficacité dans les prises de décisions des utilisateurs considérant la visualisation d'objets en mouvement.
Abstract
International audience; We detail an empirical animation study to assess how display design and user spatial ability and training might influence visuospatial decision-making [...]
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Soft space regional planning as an approach for integrated transport and land use planning in Sweden – challenges and ways forward
H. Frisk, F. Pettersson

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 182

Abstract
Current mobility patterns mean that many trips cross one or several municipal borders. This emphasises the need to integrate land-use and transport planning at regional functional scales. However, the Swedish planning system is characterised by a ‘municipal planning monopoly’, where local governments control the formal planning instruments. The lack of formal means for regional-level planning has sparked initiatives that can be characterised as soft spaces in planning. The paper analyses how soft space planning as spatial strategy making at regional level is influencing local-level planning. The analysis covers 10 municipalities in the Swedish Region of Skåne. The results illustrate that the dialogue-based process has established a broad consensus on the need to consider the regional scale in municipal planning. However, the results also show that the impact on planning is limited since the consensus-based process resulted in strategic objectives with limited influence on prevailing planning practices. Findings also illustrate that key concepts for operationalising the strategies – including densification and public transport accessibility – were defined and used differently in different municipalities. Consequently, a more stringent use, and stricter definitions, of core concepts could be a way to strengthen the capacity of soft space regional planning.
Abstract
Current mobility patterns mean that many trips cross one or several municipal borders. This emphasises the need to integrate land-use and transport planning at regional functional [...]
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Volume Averaging of Multiphase Flows With Hydrate Formation in Subsea Pipelines
R. Torbati, A. Odukoya, G. Naterer

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 146

Abstract
In oil and gas pipeline operations, the gas, oil, and water phases simultaneously move through pipe systems. The mixture cools as it flows through subsea pipelines, and forms a hydrate formation region, where the hydrate crystals start to grow and may eventually block the pipeline. The potential of pipe blockage due to hydrate formation is one of the most significant flow-assurance problems in deep-water subsea operations. Due to the catastrophic safety and economic implications of hydrate blockage, it is important to accurately predict the simultaneous flow of gas, water, and hydrate particles in flowlines. Currently, there are few or no studies that account for the simultaneous effects of hydrate growth and heat transfer on flow characteristics within pipelines. This thesis presents new and more accurate predictive models of multiphase flows in undersea pipelines to describe the simultaneous flow of gas, water, and hydrate particles through a pipeline. A growth rate model for the hydrate phase is presented and then used in the development of a new three-phase model. The conservation equations of mass, momentum, and energy are formulated to describe the physical phenomena of momentum and heat transfer between the fluid and the wall. The governing equations are solved based on an analytical-numerical approach using a Newton-Raphson method for the nonlinear equations. An algorithm was developed in Matlab software to solve the equations from the inlet to the outlet of the pipeline. The developed models are validated against a single-phase model with mixture properties, and the results of comparative studies show close agreement. The new model predicts the volume fraction and velocity of each phase, as well as the mixture pressure and temperature profiles along the length of the pipeline. The results from the hydrate growth model reveal the growth rate and location where the initial hydrates start to form. Finally, to assess the impact of certain parameters on the flow characteristics, parametric studies have been conducted. The results show the effect of a variation in the pipe diameter, mass flow rate, inlet pressure, and inlet temperature on the flow characteristics and hydrate growth rates.
Abstract
In oil and gas pipeline operations, the gas, oil, and water phases simultaneously move through pipe systems. The mixture cools as it flows through subsea pipelines, and forms [...]
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Augmented reality tower technology flight test
S. Feiner, R. Reisman, D. Brown

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 145

Abstract
ugmented reality technology adapted for air traffic control tower applications was used to track an OH-58C helicopter in proximity to an airport. A camera and 'see-through' display system was used to measure the registration error of static airport features and dynamic test aircraft. The observed registration errors of the test aircraft were largely attributable to two terms of error: 1) aircraft surveillance transport latency, and 2) registration error (from all sources) of the static environment. Compensating for registration errors of static objects and modeling aircraft movement reduces registration errors for dynamic (aircraft) objects to ≤2° of error for aircraft-surveillance transport latency ≤ 5 seconds, and to ≤1° of error for transport latency ≤ 2 seconds.
Abstract
ugmented reality technology adapted for air traffic control tower applications was used to track an OH-58C helicopter in proximity to an airport. A camera and 'see-through' [...]
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Measures to limit subsidence of underground oil pipeline in insular permafrost
N. Chukhareva, A. Chekhlov, A. Rudachenko

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 180

Abstract
In this paper optimal solutions to limit the subsidence of underground oil pipeline in insular permafrost are proposed.
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Relating airspace structure and capacity for extreme traffic densities
E. Sunil, J. Hoekstra, J. Ellerbroek, F. Bussink, D. Nieuwenhuisen, A. Vidosavljevic, S. Kern

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 143

Abstract
Personal and unmanned aerial vehicles have received increasing media attention over the last decade. As a result of the growing excitement for these two aircraft types, many within and outside the aerospace industry envision a future in which large numbers of small aircraft fly over urban areas. With this vision for the future, the question arises what would be required, in terms of airspace organization, to make this feasible, or indeed, if it will be possible at all. In this context, the Metropolis project aims to investigate the influence of airspace structure on capacity, complexity, safety, and efficiency for high-density airspace. To this end, four airspace concepts, ranging from a decentralized direct routing concept, to a highly structured tube network using 4D trajectory-based operations, have been considered. The four concepts were compared by means of large-scale simulation experiments, for multiple scenarios that are extreme when compared to current air traffic densities. This paper presents an overview of the Metropolis project with a focus on the project objectives, design and implementation of airspace concepts, and preliminary simulation results.
Abstract
Personal and unmanned aerial vehicles have received increasing media attention over the last decade. As a result of the growing excitement for these two aircraft types, many [...]
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Study of drought impact on inland navigation systems based on a flow network model
P. Chiron, K. Chuquet, B. Archimède, H. Nouasse, L. Rajaoarisoa, E. Duviella, A. Doniec

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 142

Abstract
International audience; Inland navigation systems are large scale networks that are used for transport. The navigation can be accommodated if the navigation condition are gathered, i.e. if there is enough volume of water in each part of the network. Thus, it is necessary to supply the inland navigation networks with water and to well dispatch the available volume of water on the whole system. This aim is generally achieved without difficulty in normal condition. However, during drought periods, the available volume of water is decreasing and the navigation conditions would not be reached every time. These situations are expected to be more current in the future specially in a global change context in which the frequency and the magnitude of drought events will increase. Hence, it is necessary to design some tools to study the resilience of inland navigation networks against drought events. For this purpose a flow network model, allowing to simulate the inland navigation systems, is proposed in this paper.
Abstract
International audience; Inland navigation systems are large scale networks that are used for transport. The navigation can be accommodated if the navigation condition are [...]
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An aircraft performance model implementation for the estimation of global and regional commercial aviation fuel burn and emissions
M. Lowenberg, D. Wasiuk, D. Shallcross

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 141

Abstract
Estimates of global aviation fuel burn and emissions are currently nearly 10years out of date. Here, the development of the Aircraft Performance Model Implementation (APMI) software which is used to update global commercial aviation fuel burn and emissions estimates is described. The results from APMI are compared with published estimates obtained using the US Federal Aviation Administration’s System for Assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE) for the year 2006. The number of global departures modelled with the APMI software is 8% lower compared with SAGE and reflects the difference between their commercial air traffic statistics data sources. The mission fuel burn, CO2 and H2O estimates from APMI are approximately 20% lower than those predicted by SAGE for 2006 while the estimate for the total global aircraft SOx emissions is approximately 40% lower. The estimates for the emissions of CO, HC and NOx are 10%, 140% and 30% higher than those predicted by SAGE respectively. The reasons for these differences are discussed in detail.
Abstract
Estimates of global aviation fuel burn and emissions are currently nearly 10years out of date. Here, the development of the Aircraft Performance Model Implementation (APMI) [...]
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Real-time scheduling of electric vehicles for ancillary services
M. Negrete-Pincetic, J. MacDonald, D. Callaway, F. Juul

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 139

Abstract
© 2015 IEEE. This work is part of a project that aims to demonstrate the concept of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) with an operational fleet. A fleet of electric vehicles is operated with the objective of providing regulation services to the grid. The focus of this paper is on the real-time operation of the fleet. Specifically, given an optimal trajectory for the vehicle state of charge, schemes for distributing the regulation power commands among the vehicles are tested. A scheme based on a convex optimization problem is proposed. Several numerical illustrations and simulations show the effectiveness of the scheme respect to common scheduling heuristics in terms of accuracy.
Abstract
© 2015 IEEE. This work is part of a project that aims to demonstrate the concept of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) with an operational fleet. A fleet of electric vehicles is operated [...]
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Real-time estimation of critical vehicle accumulation for maximum network throughput
K. Ampountolas, A. Kouvelas

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 138

Abstract
Perimeter traffic flow control has recently been found to be a practical and efficient control scheme in mitigating traffic congestion in urban road networks. This control scheme aims at stabilising the accumulation of vehicles of the socalled network fundamental diagram near critical accumulation to achieve maximum network throughput. Nevertheless, the maximum throughput in urban road networks may be observed over a range of accumulation-values. In this work, an adaptive perimeter flow control strategy is proposed that allows the automatic monitoring of the critical accumulation to help maintain the accumulation near the optimal range of accumulation-values, while network's throughput is maximised. To this end, we design a Kalman filter-based estimation scheme that utilises real-time measurements of circulating flow and accumulation of vehicles to produce estimates of the currently prevailing critical accumulation. We use real data from an urban area with 70 sensors and show that the area exhibits a network fundamental diagram with low scatter. We demonstrate that the fundamental diagram is reproduced under different days but its shape and critical occupancy depend on the applied semi-real-time signal control and the distribution of congestion in the network. Results from the application of the estimation algorithm to the experimental data indicate good estimation accuracy and performance, and rapid tracking behaviour.
Abstract
Perimeter traffic flow control has recently been found to be a practical and efficient control scheme in mitigating traffic congestion in urban road networks. This control [...]
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SEGMENTATION OF ACADEMIC COMMUNITY FOR THE PURPOSES OF MOBILITY PLAN DEVELOPMENT - CASE STUDY OF GDANSK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A. Romanowska, K. Jamroz, R. Okraszewska

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 173

Abstract
The objective of the paper is to analyse the structure of academic community for its transport behaviour and attitudes using the example of the Gdansk University of Technology (the GUT) in Poland. Once understood, the group can be divided into homogenous sub-groups and studied for their potential and ways to influence their behaviour, attitudes and transport patterns. The results may be used to develop dedicated actions designed to change the mentality and transport behaviour or to maintain sustainable transport patterns. The purpose of the research was to help draw up a GUT mobility plan using market segmentation, a method commonly used in management and marketing. The segmentation was based on transport behaviour surveys among the University’s employees. A total of 5 segments were distinguished: absolute car dependent (24%), conscious car drivers (27%), promising car drivers (7%), car free commuters (16%) and sustainable car owners (26%). In-depth analyses helped to aggregate the segments into 3 groups to be targeted with different measures aimed at changing mentality (24%), transport behaviour (34%) or maintaining sustainable transport habits (41%). Changing the proportion of particular segments and/or target groups can be one of the goals for the mobility plan. Based on the results of GUT research some dependences between affiliation to the segment and other describing variables were observed. However, further research is necessary into the other cases. If positively verified, the research can be a basis for the development of a universal method for dividing the academic community into segments based on the available data or simple criteria. This would reduce the time to prepare the mobility plan and ensure that the measures are targeted properly and developed with less effort.
Abstract
The objective of the paper is to analyse the structure of academic community for its transport behaviour and attitudes using the example of the Gdansk University of Technology [...]
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Scheduling instruction effects for a statically pipelined processor
I. Finlayson, B. Davis, G. Tyson, P. Gavin, R. Baird, F. Rasapour, D. Whalley, G. Uh, M. Själander, G. Cook

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 137

Abstract
Statically pipelined processors have a fully exposed datapath where all portions of the pipeline are directly controlled by effects within an instruction, which simplifies hardware and enables a new level of compiler optimizations. This paper describes an effect scheduling strategy to aggressively compact instructions, which has a critical impact on code size and performance. Unique scheduling challenges include more frequent name dependences and fewer renaming opportunities due to static pipeline (SP) registers being dedicated for specific operations. We also realized the SP in a hardware implementation language (VHDL) to evaluate the real energy benefits. Despite the compiler challenges, we achieve performance, code size, and energy improvements compared to a conventional MIPS processor.
Abstract
Statically pipelined processors have a fully exposed datapath where all portions of the pipeline are directly controlled by effects within an instruction, which simplifies [...]
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Hazmat Routing: Safety and Security Challenges
R. Young, G. Gordon

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 136

Abstract
The railroad industry is being challenged by recent state regulations requiring the disclosure of routing information of trains carrying hazardous materials (hazmat) to the general public. While there is a need to know, the dissemination of such information is contrary to both industry practice and Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) rules. The conundrum is that there needs to be disclosure to first responders, law enforcement, fusion centers and the like to ensure the security and safety of the public."/jats:p" "jats:p"This paper addresses the rules regulating the movement and handling of hazmat, to include toxic inhalation hazard (TIH) material; government demands, particularly those at the state level to release the routes, commodities, and quantities to the general public; and the operational impacts and risks that could result. It then explores the security of how hazmat train routing information can be safeguarded while ensuring that first responders and affected communities have what is needed to address the risks and be able to effectively respond to incidents. The overlaps and conflicts found in the rules and regulations of the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) and the Pipeline and Hazardous Material Safety Administration (PHMSA) are also addressed.
Abstract
The railroad industry is being challenged by recent state regulations requiring the disclosure of routing information of trains carrying hazardous materials (hazmat) to the [...]
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Estimation of driver awareness of pedestrian based on Hidden Markov Model
M. Phan, V. Fremont, V. Cherfaoui, I. Thouvenin, M. Sallak

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 135

Abstract
International audience; Understanding driver behaviors is an important need for the Advanced Driver Assistance Systems. In particular, the pedestrian detection systems become extremely distracting and annoying when they inform the driver with unnecessary warning messages. In this paper, we propose to study the driver behaviors whenever a pedestrian appears in front of the vehicle. A method based on the driving actions and the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) algorithm is developed to classify the driver awareness of pedestrian and the driver unawareness of pedestrian. The method is successfully validated using the collected data from the experiments that are conducted on a driving simulator. Furthermore, two simple methods based on the static parameters such as the Time-To-Collision and the Required Deceleration Parameter are also applied to our problem and are compared to the proposed method. The result shows a significant improvement of the HMM-based method compared to the simple ones.
Abstract
International audience; Understanding driver behaviors is an important need for the Advanced Driver Assistance Systems. In particular, the pedestrian detection systems become [...]
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Reliability analysis and performance predictions of aged pipelines subjected to internal corrosion: a Markov modelling technique
I. Davies, C. Ossai, B. Boswell

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 134

Abstract
To maintain the integrity of corroded oil and gas pipelines, the reliability at times of exposure over the lifecycle duration need to be understood. This paper describes the procedures for predicting the performance of internally corroded oil and gas pipelines using a probabilistic-based Markovian process. The Pipeline Corrosivity Index (PCI), which is expressed as a function of the retained pipe-wall thickness was used to describe the condition of the corroded pipelines at exposure durations for low, moderate, high and severe corrosion rates. The time variation of the predicted Pipeline Corrosivity Index (PCI) was compared with field measured Pipeline Corrosivity Indexes (PCIs) of corroded API X52 grade pipelines and the results indicate that the model developed in this research is viable for integrated management of aged corroded pipelines and remaining useful life predictions.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Abstract
To maintain the integrity of corroded oil and gas pipelines, the reliability at times of exposure over the lifecycle duration need to be understood. This paper describes the [...]
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Analysis and comparison of voltage dependent charging strategies for single-phase electric vehicles in an unbalanced Danish distribution grid
M. Marinelli, K. Knezovic, J. Alvarez

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 167

Abstract
This paper studies four voltage dependent solutions for modulating the charging of multiple Electric Vehicles (EVs) in a real Danish network. Uncontrolled EV charging, especially in grid with high EV penetration, can result in overloaded lines and transformers, low-voltages and other performance degradations which lead to poor quality of supply. Therefore, a decentralized control for modulating the EVs’ charging current is developed, which sets the EV reference current based on the phase-to-neutral voltage at the EV connection node. Due to the controller’s decentralised feature, EVs plugged-in on phases with lower voltages are constrained during the charging period. In order to solve instability issues which may occur due to lack of communication between the controllers, several improvements are applied to the aforementioned droop control. Simulation results demonstrate the performance of the voltage dependent"br/"controls for a real Danish distribution grid."br
Abstract
This paper studies four voltage dependent solutions for modulating the charging of multiple Electric Vehicles (EVs) in a real Danish network. Uncontrolled EV charging, especially [...]
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Analyzing stakeholders’ commitment in urban logistics projects by using Community of Practice theory
K. Evrard Samuel, M. Carré

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 133

Abstract
International audience
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Pilot Perception and Use of ADS-B In Traffic and Weather Services (TIS-B and FIS-B)
L. Jensen, S. Silva

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 132

Abstract
This project was funded by the U.S. Department of Transportation - Federal Aviation Administration through the Consortium in Aviation Operations Research (NEXTOR II) Center of Excellence.
Abstract
This project was funded by the U.S. Department of Transportation - Federal Aviation Administration through the Consortium in Aviation Operations Research (NEXTOR II) Center [...]
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The Economics of Patent Backlog
G. Rassenfosse, A. Zaby

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 163

Abstract
Patent offices around the world face massive backlogs of applications, which threatens to slow down the pace of technological progress. However, economists lack analytical tools to address the issue. This paper provides a model of patent backlog inspired from the traffic congestion literature. Inventors in the cohort are heterogeneous with respect to desired patent pendency duration and react in anticipation of the waiting time resulting from the backlog. They can accelerate or slow down pendency duration by adapting their filing strategy. We find that the backlog impedes patent examination progress by providing incentives to strategically manipulate pendency. We discuss four policy responses: increasing examination capacity; introducing a penalty fee; altering the value of pending applications; and allowing deferred examination.
Abstract
Patent offices around the world face massive backlogs of applications, which threatens to slow down the pace of technological progress. However, economists lack analytical [...]
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Technology Research on Traffic Organization of Wuhan Municipal Engineering Projects Under Construction
J. Li, Z. Wang, B. Zhang, J. Liu

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 131

Abstract
Present Chinese big cities are facing one common problem that road resources have being occupied by the construction of traffic projects. In order to solve the problems of traffic organization during construction properly, this paper put forward the research content and technical principle of municipal engineering projects traffic organization firstly, then suggest a method of traffic organization for viaduct according to the characteristics of the construction period that is divided into three stages (pipelines reconstruction renovation, substructure construction and superstructure construction), which was applied to Traffic organization scheme for construction period of Wuhan Road in Hankou, and it has achieved desired effect. Refer to traffic organization of Wuhan municipal projects under construction, other types of construction projects can be elevated to organize traffic reasonably and keep city traffic common operation, with the consideration of the project characteristics and the actual situation of traffic during construction. Keywords-municipal engineering projects ; under construction ; traffic organization ; traffic impact analysis ; Wuhan city.
Abstract
Present Chinese big cities are facing one common problem that road resources have being occupied by the construction of traffic projects. In order to solve the problems of [...]
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Context-Aware Online Spatiotemporal Traffic Prediction
J. Xu, U. Demiryurek, D. Deng, C. Shahabi, M. Schaar

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 130

Abstract
With the availability of traffic sensors data, various techniques have been proposed to make congestion prediction by utilizing those datasets. One key challenge in predicting traffic congestion is how much to rely on the historical data v.s. The real-time data. To better utilize both the historical and real-time data, in this paper we propose a novel online framework that could learn the current situation from the real-time data and predict the future using the most effective predictor in this situation from a set of predictors that are trained using historical data. In particular, the proposed framework uses a set of base predictors (e.g. A Support Vector Machine or a Bayes classifier) and learns in real-time the most effective one to use in different contexts (e.g. Time, location, weather condition). As real-time traffic data arrives, the context space is adaptively partitioned in order to efficiently estimate the effectiveness of each predictor in different contexts. We obtain and prove both short-term and long-term performance guarantees (bounds) for our online algorithm. Our experiments with real-world data in real-life conditions show that the proposed approach significantly outperforms existing solutions.
Abstract
With the availability of traffic sensors data, various techniques have been proposed to make congestion prediction by utilizing those datasets. One key challenge in predicting [...]
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Risk Assessment on Debris Flow Hazard along Linear Construction Civil Engineering Based on Satellite Remote Sensing and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method
K. Lee, X. Lee

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 129

Abstract
Taking the Lixian-Guangyuan segment of Lanzhou-Chengdu-Chongqing product oil pipeline as an example, the satellite images in the study area were produced based on multi-source remote sensing information. The authors then established the remote sensing interpretation signs for debris flows according to the data of geological and ecological environment. After that, the 3D remote sensing image models of debris flows were constructed by texture mapping technique and DEM (Digital Elevation Model). Based on the satellite images and the 3D models, debris flows along the pipelines were identified, and their features were extracted for risk assessment, which were designed into the different evaluation indexes. The authors thus introduced fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model to assess the debris flows based on these evaluation indexes. According to field investigation, the identified and evaluated results were checked to be well. It is obvious that this assessment method can quickly identify debris flows along linear construction civil engineering and evaluate their risk, which would provides scientific basis for engineering disaster prevention. Keywords-Oil pipeline;Remote sensing detection;3D model;Debris flow hazard;Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model
Abstract
Taking the Lixian-Guangyuan segment of Lanzhou-Chengdu-Chongqing product oil pipeline as an example, the satellite images in the study area were produced based on multi-source [...]
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Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Performance Criteria for Safety-Critical Avionic Systems
R. Sabatini, S. Ramasamy

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 128

Abstract
The demand for improved safety, integrity and efficiency due to the rapid expansion of global air transport and the growing concern for environmental sustainability issues poses significant challenges on the development of future Communication, Navigation and Surveillance/Air Traffic Management (CNS/ATM) and Avionics (CNS+A) systems. High-integrity, highreliability and all-weather services are required in the context of four dimensional Trajectory Based Operations / Intent Based Operations (TBO/IBO). The Next Generation Flight Management Systems (NG-FMS), which are the primary automated navigation and guidance services in manned aircraft and Remotely-Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) will have to address these challenges. After describing the key system architectures, the mathematical models for trajectory generation and CNS performance criteria evaluation are presented. An evaluation of the proposed concepts and methodologies is accomplished by simulation. The results demonstrate the functional capability of the avionics and ATM systems to generate cost-effective trajectory profiles satisfying both operational and environmental requirements, as well as satisfying the CNS performance criteria.
Abstract
The demand for improved safety, integrity and efficiency due to the rapid expansion of global air transport and the growing concern for environmental sustainability issues [...]
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CHANGING ATTITUDES TOWARDS CAR SHARING: A BIG CHANCE FOR URBAN ECOLOGY?
E. Drápela

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 127
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Concept of an advanced hyperspectral remote sensing system for pipeline monitoring
C. Teutsch, G. Keskin, W. Middelmann, A. Lenz

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 126

Abstract
occupied by oil pipelines and storage facilities are prone to severe contamination due to leaks caused by natural forces, poor maintenance or third parties. These threats have to be detected as quickly as possible in order to prevent serious environmental damage. Periodical and emergency monitoring activities need to be carried out for successful disaster management and pollution minimization. Airborne remote sensing stands out as an appropriate choice to operate either in an emergency or periodically. Hydrocarbon Index (HI) and Hydrocarbon Detection Index (HDI) utilize the unique absorption features of hydrocarbon based materials at SWIR spectral region. These band ratio based methods require no a priori knowledge of the reference spectrum and can be calculated in real time. This work introduces a flexible airborne pipeline monitoring system based on the online quasi-operational hyperspectral remote sensing system developed at Fraunhofer IOSB, utilizing HI and HDI for oil leak detection on the data acquired by an SWIR imaging sensor. Robustness of HI and HDI compared to state of the art detection algorithms is evaluated in an experimental setup using a synthetic dataset, which was prepared in a systematic way to simulate linear mixtures of selected background and oil spectra consisting of gradually decreasing percentages of oil content. Real airborne measurements in Ettlingen, Germany are used to gather background data while the crude oil spectrum was measured with a field spectrometer. The results indicate that the system can be utilized for online and offline monitoring activities.
Abstract
occupied by oil pipelines and storage facilities are prone to severe contamination due to leaks caused by natural forces, poor maintenance or third parties. These threats [...]
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Empirical Study on the impact of Urbanization on air Transport Industry in Shanghai
L. Qin, D. Luan

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 125

Abstract
Urbanization is a process of overall development on the aspects of population, economy, society and land. As the carrier of economic, social communication and logistics interaction between the city and outside world, air transport industry is greatly affected by urbanization. By choosing 1995-2012's statistical data of population, economy, society and land to evaluate the overall level of urbanization and 1995-2012's statistical data of air cargo traffic and air passenger traffic to indicate the development of air transport industry, this paper establishes a comprehensive evaluation system of urbanization based on the method of entropy, and use correlation index and regression analysis model to analyzes the relation between urbanization and air transport industry development in Shanghai. The results show that urbanization has a strong correlation with air transport industry in Shanghai, and the urbanization of population, economy and land gradually become the main force to drive the development of air transport industry, among which the urbanization of economy is the most important force.
Abstract
Urbanization is a process of overall development on the aspects of population, economy, society and land. As the carrier of economic, social communication and logistics interaction [...]
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Liénard type model of fluid flow in pipelines: Application to estimation
G. Besancon, C. Verde, L. Torres

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 124

Abstract
International audience; This paper highlights how fluid flow in a pipelinecan be represented as a nonlinear model of so-called Liénardtype. It is then shown how the structure of this model is suitablefor the design of algorithms to identify parameters of a pipelineor estimate unmeasurable states. This approach is illustratedby simulation results, for instance showing how to estimate theDarcy-Weisbach friction coefficient or the fluid acceleration.
Abstract
International audience; This paper highlights how fluid flow in a pipelinecan be represented as a nonlinear model of so-called Liénardtype. It is then shown how the structure [...]
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Equilibrium Analysis in the Parking Search Game with Heuristic Strategies
I. Stavrakakis, E. Kokolaki

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 122

Abstract
The tremendous growth of urbanization calls for several interventions for the efficient and environmentally sustainable management of various urban processes, including the road traffic management. Indeed, transportation engineers need to be able to understand how drivers decide their route to effectively address the plethora of challenges for alleviating the congestion phenomena in city areas. In this paper, we model drivers' decision-making with respect to the parking space search, which has been regarded as one of the major causes of traffic congestion. We view the parking search as an instance of sequential search problems and present a game-theoretic investigation of the efficiency of heuristic parking search strategies to locate available parking spot at minimum walking and driving overhead. The analytical study concludes by drawing similarities between the parking game and well-known archetypal games that the Game Theory examines.
Abstract
The tremendous growth of urbanization calls for several interventions for the efficient and environmentally sustainable management of various urban processes, including the [...]
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Comparative study of regulations, codes and standards and practices on hydrogen fuelling stations
V. De-Dianous, B. Weinberger, B. Debray, S. Pique

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 121

Abstract
This work deals with a comparative study of regulations, codes and standards for hydrogen fuelling station dedicated for light duty land vehicles in the following countries: United States (California), United Kingdom, Italy, Germany, Canada, Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Spain. The following technical components of a hydrogen fuelling station are included in the scope of the study: the hydrogen storage systems (cryogenic or compressed gases) and buffer storage, the compressor stations, the high pressure buffer storage, the cooling systems for hydrogen, the dispensing equipments and the dispensing area. The hydride storage, the pipelines, on site production and the hydrogen vehicle have been excluded. The analysis, performed in September 2014 in a report from INERIS DRA-14-141532-06227C BENCHMARK STATIONS-SERVICE HYDROGENE, is based on documents collected by bibliographic review and information obtained through a questionnaire sent to authorities and IA HySafe [1] members in the above mentioned countries. This paper gives a synthesis of the regulations and on permitting process in the different studied countries (including the new European Directive on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure in Europe [2]), it develops the required safety barriers in the different parts of a fuelling station and specially for the dispensing area, gives an overview of the different approaches for safety distances and processes to obtain licences to operate.
Abstract
This work deals with a comparative study of regulations, codes and standards for hydrogen fuelling station dedicated for light duty land vehicles in the following countries: [...]
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Estimation of train dwell time at short stops based on track occupation event data
R. Goverde, W. Daamen, D. Li

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 120

Abstract
Train dwell time is one of the most unpredictable components of railway operations, mainly because of the varying volumes of alighting and boarding passengers. However, for reliable estimations of train running times and route conflicts on main lines, it is necessary to obtain accurate estimations of dwell times at the intermediate stops on the main line, the so-called short stops. This is a great challenge for a more reliable, efficient and robust train operation. Previous research has shown that the dwell time is highly dependent on the number of boarding and alighting passengers. However, these numbers are usually not available in real time. This paper discusses the possibility of a dwell time estimation model at short stops without passenger demand information by means of a statistical analysis of track occupation data from the Netherlands. The analysis showed that the dwell times are best estimated for peak and off-peak hours separately. The peak-hour dwell times are estimated using a linear regression model of train length, dwell times at previous stops and dwell times of the preceding trains. The off-peak-hour dwell times are estimated using a non-parametric regression model, in particular, the k-nearest neighbor model. There are two major advantages of the proposed estimation models. First, the models do not need passenger flow data, which is usually impossible to obtain in real time in practice. Second, detailed parameters of rolling stock configuration and platform layout are not required, which makes the model more generic and eases implementation. A case study at Dutch railway stations shows that the estimation accuracy is 85.8%-88.5% during peak hours and 80.1% during off-peak hours, which is relatively high. We conclude that the estimation of dwell times at short stop stations without passenger data is possible.
Abstract
Train dwell time is one of the most unpredictable components of railway operations, mainly because of the varying volumes of alighting and boarding passengers. However, for [...]
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Estimating Urban Traffic Patterns through Probabilistic Interconnectivity of Road Network Junctions
E. Manley

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 119

Abstract
The emergence of large, fine-grained mobility datasets offers significant opportunities for the development and application of new methodologies for transportation analysis. In this paper, the link between routing behaviour and traffic patterns in urban areas is examined, introducing a method to derive estimates of traffic patterns from a large collection of fine-grained routing data. Using this dataset, the interconnectivity between road network junctions is extracted in the form of a Markov chain. This representation encodes the probability of the successive usage of adjacent road junctions, encoding routes as flows between decision points rather than flows along road segments. This network of functional interactions is then integrated within a modified Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) framework, adapted for the estimation of urban traffic patterns. As part of this approach, the data-derived links between major junctions influence the movement of directed random walks executed across the network to model origin-destination journeys. The simulation process yields estimates of traffic distribution across the road network. The paper presents an implementation of the modified MCMC approach for London, United Kingdom, building an MCMC model based on a dataset of nearly 700000 minicab routes. Validation of the approach clarifies how each element of the MCMC framework contributes to junction prediction performance, and finds promising results in relation to the estimation of junction choice and minicab traffic distribution. The paper concludes by summarising the potential for the development and extension of this approach to the wider urban modelling domain. Document type: Article
Abstract
The emergence of large, fine-grained mobility datasets offers significant opportunities for the development and application of new methodologies for transportation analysis. [...]
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Efficient Dynamic Compressor Optimization in Natural Gas Transmission Systems
R. Bent, P. Hentenryck, A. Zlotnik, H. Hijazi, T. Mak

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 118

Abstract
The growing reliance of electric power systems on gas-fired generation to balance intermittent sources of renewable energy has increased the variation and volume of flows through natural gas transmission pipelines. Adapting pipeline operations to maintain efficiency and security under these new conditions requires optimization methods that account for transients and that can quickly compute solutions in reaction to generator re-dispatch. This paper presents an efficient scheme to minimize compression costs under dynamic conditions where deliveries to customers are described by time-dependent mass flow. The optimization scheme relies on a compact representation of gas flow physics, a trapezoidal discretization in time and space, and a two-stage approach to minimize energy costs and maximize smoothness. The resulting large-scale nonlinear programs are solved using a modern interior-point method. The proposed optimization scheme is validated against an integration of dynamic equations with adaptive time-stepping, as well as a recently proposed state-of-the-art optimal control method. The comparison shows that the solutions are feasible for the continuous problem and also practical from an operational standpoint. The results also indicate that our scheme provides at least an order of magnitude reduction in computation time relative to the state-of-the-art and scales to large gas transmission networks with more than 6000 kilometers of total pipeline.
Abstract
The growing reliance of electric power systems on gas-fired generation to balance intermittent sources of renewable energy has increased the variation and volume of flows [...]
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Progress in application on the prediction of rolling bearing performances for urban rail and traffic engineering
X. Xia, Y. Qin, S. Dong

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 117

Abstract
present, an unprecedented development situation of the urban rail and traffic engineering is presented. Bearing as a key component of vehicle operation safety, its performances and reliability should achieve higher requirements. Because the number of characteristi c data of bearing performances is small and prior information on probability distributions and trends is poor, statistics has difficulty in assessing the bearing performance. In order to study the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of rolling bearing performances, a unified representation of variable uncertainty and function polytrope characteristics of rolling bearing performances are proposed in information-poor relation space, which reveals its evolvement rule of nonlinear dynamic characteristics. The development of bearing technology for the urban rail and traffic Engineering should comply with safe operation, high speed, a longer maintenance period and the excellent running comfort.
Abstract
present, an unprecedented development situation of the urban rail and traffic engineering is presented. Bearing as a key component of vehicle operation safety, its performances [...]
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Medium scale CO2 releases
C. Proust, E. Messina, D. Jamois, M. Molag, J. Hebrard, C. Hulsbosch-Dam, M. Spruijt

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 116

Abstract
International audience; The scale of proposed carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) chains also draws attention to the hazards posed by the transport mode, enabling the link from source to sink. As such, the adverse consequences of an accidental release from transport pipelines or other equipment containing CO2 at high pressure in a dense-phase (supercritical or liquid) state are (re)considered in theory and in practice. Several experimental observations of large-scale CO2 releases have been made, and yet the physics and thermodynamics involved are not fully understood. The work presented here provides a database focused on the specificities of the release and the dispersion of the carbon dioxide cloud in case of substantial variations of storage (temperature and pressure) and discharge conditions (nozzle size). Document type: Conference object
Abstract
International audience; The scale of proposed carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) chains also draws attention to the hazards posed by the transport mode, enabling [...]
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Where is my next friend? Recommending enjoyable profiles in location based services
M. Berlingerio, R. Guidotti

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 152

Abstract
How many of your friends, with whom you enjoy spending some time, live close by? How many people are at your reach, with whom you could have a nice conversation? We introduce a measure of enjoyability that may be the basis for a new class of location-based services aimed at maximizing the likelihood that two persons, or a group of people, would enjoy spending time together. Our enjoyability takes into account both topic similarity between two users and the users’ tendency to connect to people with similar or dissimilar interest. We computed the enjoyability on two datasets of geo-located tweets, and we reasoned on the applicability of the obtained results for producing friend recommendations. We aim at suggesting couples of users which are not friends yet, but which are frequently co-located and maximize our enjoyability measure. By taking into account the spatial dimension, we show how 50 % of users may find at least one enjoyable person within 10 km of their two most visited locations. Our results are encouraging, and open the way for a new class of recommender systems based on enjoyability.
Abstract
How many of your friends, with whom you enjoy spending some time, live close by? How many people are at your reach, with whom you could have a nice conversation? We introduce [...]
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Toward V2I communication technology-based solution for reducing road traffic congestion in smart cities
R. Barrett, S. Djahel, J. Murphy, N. Jabeur

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 115

Abstract
Due to the limited capacity of road networks and sporadic on-route events, road traffic congestions are posing serious problems in most big cities worldwide and resulting in considerable number of casualties and financial losses. In order to deal efficiently with these problems and alleviate their impact on individuals, environment, and economic activities, advanced traffic monitoring and control tools (e.g., SCATS and SCOOT) are being widely used in hundreds of major cities in the world. However, due to increasing road traffic and dynamic spatio-temporal events, additional proactive mechanisms remain needed to prevent traffic congestions. Within this context, we argue that the emergent V2X communication technologies, and especially V2I (Vehicle to Infrastructure), would be of great help. To this end, we investigate in this paper the opportunities that could be offered by V2I technology in improving commuters' journey duration and mitigating the above irritating and frequent problems. We then propose an approach where road-side facilities (e.g. traffic light controllers at road intersections) communicate traffic light cycle information to approaching vehicles. Based on this information, the vehicles collaboratively determine their optimal speeds and other appropriate actions to undertake in order to cross road intersections with minimum delays while ultimately avoiding stoppings. The obtained evaluation results show that our approach achieves a significant gain in terms of the commuters' average travel time reduction.
Abstract
Due to the limited capacity of road networks and sporadic on-route events, road traffic congestions are posing serious problems in most big cities worldwide and resulting [...]
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Stress-strain state of pipeline depending on complicated environment
S. Burkova, P. Burkov, P. Burkov, M. Filimonenko

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 151

Abstract
The paper presents the 3D model and FEM analysis of the stress-strain state of the soil- pipe interaction system. The analysis shows that the geological environment has shown a strong effect on the pipelines. This stress-strain analysis is carried out using the ANSYS finite element program.
Abstract
The paper presents the 3D model and FEM analysis of the stress-strain state of the soil- pipe interaction system. The analysis shows that the geological environment has shown [...]
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Quantifying the benefits of peak spreading as a sustainable solution to addressing traffic congestion within the Al Ain private school zone in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
M. Ochieng, A. Jassmi

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 114

Abstract
Owing to the over-concentration of about 40 schools along an approximately 5km stretch of an urban street within the City of Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE), daily traffic experiences and motorists frustrations manifested in terms of intersection delay, travel time, queues, travel speed and emissions have reached intolerable levels. While varied efforts are being put in place to address the situation, the Department of Transport (DoT) embarked on a pilot study that involved staggering of the starting time of schools over a time interval of 30 minutes for two weeks. The main objective of the study was to examine the effect of peak spreading on minimizing roadway congestion and other externalities within the private school zone. The study was cross-sectional in nature and involved traffic data collection before the implementation of the staggered school starting times and during the scheme. This purpose of paper therefore summarizes the findings of the scheme in quantifiable attributes of intersection delays, link travel times and traffic volumes intensities; and also formed the basis for recommendations to further address traffic congestion within the private school zone.
Abstract
Owing to the over-concentration of about 40 schools along an approximately 5km stretch of an urban street within the City of Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE), daily traffic [...]
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Development of traffic light control algorithm in smart municipal network
I. Kuzminvkh

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 147

Abstract
This paper presents smart system that bypasses the normal functioning algorithm of traffic lights, triggers a green light when the lights are red or reset the timer of the traffic lights when they are about to turn red. Different pieces of hardware like microcontroller units, transceivers, resistors, diodes, LEDs, a digital compass and accelerometer will be coupled together and programed to create unified complex intelligent system.
Abstract
This paper presents smart system that bypasses the normal functioning algorithm of traffic lights, triggers a green light when the lights are red or reset the timer of the [...]
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Does public transit reduce car travel externalities? Quasi-natural experiments' evidence from transit strikes
M. Adler, J. Ommeren

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 144

Abstract
The provision of public transit is thought to reduce travel time losses that are due to car congestion. For this reason, it is economically justified to subsidise public transit from a welfare perspective as it creates a congestion-relief benefit. The main goal of this paper is to quantify the congestion-relief benefit of public transit for Rotterdam by analysing car speed during public transit strikes. Arguably, strikes can be interpreted as exogenous transit supply shocks and therefore as a quasi-natural experiment. We are aware of two other papers that use the same methodology. Lo and Hall (2006) and, more recently, Anderson (2014) both analyse the effect of (the same) single transit strike lasting 35 days on highway speed for Los Angeles. Anderson (2014) finds a substantial congestion relief benefit with a decrease in time delays experienced by car drivers of 0.12 minutes per kilometer traveled. It is unknown to what extent this result can be generalised to cities where the share of public transit use is much higher or to cities where bicycle use might be a viable alternative. Our analysis differs from Anderson (2014) and Lo and Hall (2006) in a number of ways. First, we focus on a city, Rotterdam in the Netherlands, which, as we will document, is only mildly congested. Second, we analyse the effect of multiple strikes of various public transit modes (e.g. bus, light rail) that are citywide. Third, we examine the strike effect on car speed (and flow) both for the highway ring road as well as within the inner-city of Rotterdam. Finally, by examining heterogeneity in the effects of strikes, we are able to improve our understanding when the public transit relief benefit is particularly pronounced. For example, as one may expect, we find a particularly strong effect of strikes on car speed during weekday rush hours (but no clear effect during weekends and outside rush hours). In addition, our results suggest that the speed effects of strikes that last a few hours are similar to full-day strikes indicating that a continuous supply of public transit during the day is essential for travelers. We show that the congestion relief impact in Rotterdam is by a factor ten larger for inner city roads than for highway ring roads. For the latter we found a several times smaller effect than Anderson (2014). It turns out that the congestion relief benefit of public transit for Rotterdam is substantial, and about 50% of the current subsidy level. This result is particularly noteworthy as we focus on what can be considered an uncongested city. This suggests that subsidies to public transit are welfare improving, even for cities that exhibit low congestion levels.
Abstract
The provision of public transit is thought to reduce travel time losses that are due to car congestion. For this reason, it is economically justified to subsidise public transit [...]
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ATHENIS_3D: Automotive Tested High-voltage and Embedded Non-volatile Integrated SoC Platform with 3D Technology
D. Ton, T. Erlbacher, L. Fanucci, J. Siegert, S. Saponara, L. Ferrari, J. Charbonnier, S. Gruenler, P. Tisserand, C. Hartler, E. Wachmann, P. Chassard, C. Zambelli

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 143

Abstract
The ATHENIS-3D FP7 EU project aims at providing new enabling technologies (analog, digital and power components) for high-voltage and high-temperature applications, tested for power systems of new hybrid/electrical vehicles. Innovation is exploited at process/device level (3D chip stacking, wafer level packaging, trench capacitors and TSV-inductors integrated in the interposer, high-reliable non-volatile Magnetic RAM), circuit-level (inductorless high-voltage DC-DC converter, high-temperature 28nm System-on-Chip platform) and system-level (compact 3D embedded power mechatronic system). Enabling high integration levels of complex systems, operating in harsh environments, in a single packaged 3D device, ATHENIS-3D allows for one order of magnitude area reduction vs. today PCB-based power and control systems. Integration costs will be consequently reduced in key industrial sectors for Europe where high-voltage/temperature operations are mandatory (vehicles, avionics, space/defense, industrial automation, energy). © 2016 EDAA.
Abstract
The ATHENIS-3D FP7 EU project aims at providing new enabling technologies (analog, digital and power components) for high-voltage and high-temperature applications, tested [...]
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Anticipatory Shifting - Optimization of a Transmission Control Unit for an Automatic Transmission through Advanced Driver Assistance Systems
F. Huber, C. Kehrer, S. Chaker, M. Folie

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 113

Abstract
By integrating system simulation with vehicle dynamics into real-time environments, it is possible to simulate the physically correct behavior of vehicle components and also adjust it to the required operating strategies depending on external factors. Multi-physics system simulation for realistic representations of powertrains and their behavior combined with dynamic driving simulation allows for optimizations of the transmission control unit for an automatic transmission by employing advanced driver assistance systems for an increased efficiency through anticipatory shifting. Realistic load cases that are based on measured data help optimize fuel consumption and driveline dynamics with respect to the control algorithms by using variation calculations with variable transmission parameters. This works also the other way around when control algorithms are validated and optimized quickly and free of risk as part of rapid prototyping.
Abstract
By integrating system simulation with vehicle dynamics into real-time environments, it is possible to simulate the physically correct behavior of vehicle components and also [...]
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Content-based Publish / Subscribe communication paradigm offers a new approach to disseminate messages in the network, where the message content determines the recipients. Many applications used on AANETs, which are a subclass of VANETs, could be more efficient using this paradigm. Many Publish / Subscribe systems suitable for VANETs have been developed, however they are not efficient for some AANET applications. A promising approach is to build a Publish / Subscribe system over a cluster structure to reduce the control overhead and to offer a good scalability. However, the efficiency of this approach strongly depends on the performance of the clustering algorithm. The aim of this article is to propose a new clustering method, named CAPS, which will be the basis for a future content-based Publish / Subscribe system for AANETs. To validate our approach, a simulation model has been developed. Our algorithm has been compared to some other solutions in a modeled AANET context based on real air traffic traces. We show that CAPS gives better results than other solutions in terms of stability while maintaining at a low level the number of cluster groups.
F. Garcia, M. Royer, A. Pirovano

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 112

Abstract
International audience; Content-based Publish / Subscribe communication paradigm offers a new approach to disseminate messages in the network, where the message content determines the recipients. Many applications used on AANETs, which are a subclass of VANETs, could be more efficient using this paradigm. Many Publish / Subscribe systems suitable for VANETs have been developed, however they are not efficient for some AANET applications. A promising approach is to build a Publish / Subscribe system over a cluster structure to reduce the control overhead and to offer a good scalability. However, the efficiency of this approach strongly depends on the performance of the clustering algorithm. The aim of this article is to propose a new clustering method, named CAPS, which will be the basis for a future content-based Publish / Subscribe system for AANETs. To validate our approach, a simulation model has been developed. Our algorithm has been compared to some other solutions in a modeled AANET context based on real air traffic traces. We show that CAPS gives better results than other solutions in terms of stability while maintaining at a low level the number of cluster groups.
Abstract
International audience; Content-based Publish / Subscribe communication paradigm offers a new approach to disseminate messages in the network, where the message content determines [...]
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Adaptive Simulated Annealing with Homogenization for Aircraft Trajectory Optimization
S. Laporte, S. Gerchinovitz, F. Nicol, S. Gadat, O. Babando, C. Bouttier

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 111

Abstract
International audience; In air traffic management, most optimization procedures are commonly based on deterministic modeling and do not take into account the uncertainties on environmental conditions (e.g., wind) and on air traffic control operations. However, aircraft performances in a real-world context are highly sensitive to these uncertainties. The aim of this work is twofold. First, we provide some numerical evidence of the sensitivity of fuel consumption and flight duration with respect to random fluctuations of the wind and the air traffic control operations. Second, we develop a global stochastic optimization procedure for general aircraft performance criteria. Since we consider general (black-box) cost functions, we develop a derivative-free optimization procedure: noisy simulated annealing (NSA).
Abstract
International audience; In air traffic management, most optimization procedures are commonly based on deterministic modeling and do not take into account the uncertainties [...]
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Automated ATM System Enabling 4DT-Based Operations
T. Kistan, M. Marino, S. Ramasamy, A. Gardi, R. Sabatini

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 110

Abstract
part of the current initiatives aimed at enhancing safety, efficiency and environmental sustainability of aviation, a significant improvement in the efficiency of aircraft operations is currently pursued. Innovative Communication, Navigation, Surveillance and Air Traffic Management (CNS/ATM) technologies and operational concepts are being developed to achieve the ambitious goals for efficiency and environmental sustainability set by national and international aviation organizations. These technological and operational innovations will be ultimately enabled by the introduction of novel CNS/ATM and Avionics (CNS+A) systems, featuring higher levels of automation. A core feature of such systems consists in the real-time multi-objective optimization of flight trajectories, incorporating all the operational, economic and environmental aspects of the aircraft mission. This article describes the conceptual design of an innovative ground-based Air Traffic Management (ATM) system featuring automated 4-Dimensional Trajectory (4DT) functionalities. The 4DT planning capability is based on the multi-objective optimization of 4DT intents. After summarizing the concept of operations, the top-level system architecture and the key 4DT optimization modules, we discuss the segmentation algorithm to obtain flyable and concisely described 4DT. Simulation case studies in representative scenarios show that the adopted algorithms generate solutions consistently within the timeframe of online tactical rerouting tasks, meeting the set design requirements.
Abstract
part of the current initiatives aimed at enhancing safety, efficiency and environmental sustainability of aviation, a significant improvement in the efficiency of aircraft [...]
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Magnetic flux leakage and principal component analysis for metal loss approximation in a pipeline
J. Florez, M. Quintero, S. Quintero, S. Quintero, M. Ruiz, L. Mujica

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 109

Abstract
Safety and reliability of hydrocarbon transportation pipelines represent a critical aspect for the Oil an Gas industry. Pipeline failures caused by corrosion, external agents, among others, can develop leaks or even rupture, which can negatively impact on population, natural environment, infrastructure and economy. It is imperative to have accurate inspection tools traveling through the pipeline to diagnose the integrity. In this way, over the last few years, different techniques under the concept of structural health monitoring (SHM) have continuously been in development.This work is based on a hybrid methodology that combines the Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) approaches. The MFL technique induces a magnetic field in the pipeline's walls. The data are recorded by sensors measuring leakage magnetic field in segments with loss of metal, such as cracking, corrosion, among others. The data provide information of a pipeline with 15 years of operation approximately, which transports gas, has a diameter of 20 inches and a total length of 110 km (with several changes in the topography). On the other hand, PCA is a well-known technique that compresses the information and extracts the most relevant information facilitating the detection of damage in several structures. At this point, the goal of this work is to detect and localize critical loss of metal of a pipeline that are currently working. Document type: Article
Abstract
Safety and reliability of hydrocarbon transportation pipelines represent a critical aspect for the Oil an Gas industry. Pipeline failures caused by corrosion, external agents, [...]
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Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 108
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Enhanced Flatbed Tow Truck Model for Stable and Safe Platooning in the Presences of Lags, Communication and Sensing Delays
A. Ali, P. Martinet, G. Garcia

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 107

Abstract
International audience; Many ideas have been proposed to reduce traffic congestion. Driving a platoon of vehicles with constant spacing seems to be a promising idea as it increases traffic density. But keeping constant inter-vehicle spacing requires very reliable communication. Another control policy is to drive the platoon with a time headway between vehicles. It is a robust and well known policy but large inter-vehicle distances in addition to weak stability (unity error gain) near low frequencies make it less practical. We have proposed in [1], [2] a modification of the Constant Time Headway policy (CTH). This modification largely reduces the inter-vehicle distances using only one information shared between all vehicles. In this work, we propose an additional modification of our control law. This modification makes our control law similar, in form, to the classical constant spacing policy, but it requires to share only one information between the vehicles. This modification improves the stability of the platoon and removes the weak stability of the CTH near low frequencies. We prove the robustness of the control law in the presence of actuating lags, sensing and communication delays. This proof can also be used to prove the stability of the classical constant spacing policy in the presence of all previous delays, which makes our result more general than those established in the literature. Safety is also discussed and the maximum acceptable communication delay without losing safety is determined. Simulations have been done in many critical scenarios.
Abstract
International audience; Many ideas have been proposed to reduce traffic congestion. Driving a platoon of vehicles with constant spacing seems to be a promising idea as it [...]
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Data Preparation to Simulate Public Transport in Micro-Simulations Using OSM and GTFS
J. Vuurstaek, T. Bellemans, L. Knapen, A. Yasar, G. Cich, D. Janssens

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 135

Abstract
Research on demand-responsive collective transportation facilities that can act as feeder services to time-table based public transportation (PT) requires detailed and accurate information about the PT infrastructure, including the attachment of bus stops to the appropriate network link. Due to the size of the infrastructure, the data integration shall be automated. This paper describes the effort to prepare data from publicly available OpenStreetMap (OSM) and General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) sources. Procedures are proposed (i) to build a network derived from OSM suitable for simulations in transportation, (ii) to extract bus stops from GTFS and remove anomalies and (iii) to find candidate network links to attach them. The research reported was partially funded by the IWT 135026 Smart-PT: Smart Adaptive Public Transport (ERANET Transport III Flagship Call 2013 “Future Traveling”).
Abstract
Research on demand-responsive collective transportation facilities that can act as feeder services to time-table based public transportation (PT) requires detailed and accurate [...]
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Reducing Latency in African NRENS Using Performance-Based LISP/SDN Traffic Engineering
M. Densmore, H. Suleman, J. Chavula

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 104

Abstract
ve topology measurements on the African Internet have showed that over 75% of the intra-Africa traffic destined for Africa’s National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) uses intercontinental links, resulting in high latencies and data transmission costs. The goal of this work is to investigate how latency-based path selection using Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol (LISP) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) in NRENs can be used to reduce inter-NREN latencies. We present aspects of an experimental prototype implementation for real-time topology probes to discover lower-latency remote gateways and dynamic configuration of end-to-end Internet paths. Simulation results indicate that ranking remote ingress gateways, and dynamic configuration of end-to-end paths between gateways can lower the average latency for inter-NREN traffic exchange.
Abstract
ve topology measurements on the African Internet have showed that over 75% of the intra-Africa traffic destined for Africa’s National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) [...]
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Simulation Model of The Collision Event of Submarine Mudflows Exerting A Horizontal Pipeline
I. Sati, H. Harahap, Z. Haza

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 103

Abstract
The collision between submarine slide and sub-sea pipelines was simulated through laboratory experiment in order to investigate drag force exerted by mudflow on pipe surface. Mud model used was slurry of kaolin clay-water mixtures. Gravity flow concepts of fluid mechanics principles were implemented by lock-exchange system. It was developed through the laboratory equipment of rectangular channel to generate the mudflow in water ambient. A crosswise pipe stem positioned at certain run-out distance. It was collided by mudflow. The collision attributes of velocity (u), Reynolds number (Re), maximum drag force exerted by mudflow (Fdmax) and drag force coefficient (Cd) were observed based on ratio between water depth (at pipe position) and pipe diameter, abbreviated as H/d. Overall, higher H/d ratio generated higher values of collision attributes. H/d ratio variations had similar constant of Power-law model expression in Re-Cd relationship. It proved that H/d ratio had not effect to Cd very much. The current experiment also generated a high similarity trend line of Re-Cd relationship graph with the previous study. It indicated that the content of clay material (i.e. kaolin) play a major role in mudflow movement and collision, whereas granular materials (used in previous study) provide an extra density.
Abstract
The collision between submarine slide and sub-sea pipelines was simulated through laboratory experiment in order to investigate drag force exerted by mudflow on pipe surface. [...]
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Joint prediction of road-traffic and parking occupancy over a city with representation learning
N. Baskiotis, A. Ziat, B. Leroy, L. Denoyer

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 131

Abstract
journey planning services begins to include real time traffic forecast features in order to compute more accurate routing along the journey, adaptive traffic control systems can also benefit from this prediction so as to minimize traffic congestion. But these two systems dedicated to end user and road traffic management authorities could also benefits from other information, and particularly from parking availability prediction since cruising for parking spot represents a significant part of urban traffic: when looking for a parking, drivers must guess where to go, and if they are wrong, may face long distances to find the next location, resulting in considerable time loss and a worsening of traffic congestion. We focus on the simultaneous prediction of traffic and parking availability. Our approach relay on machine learning techniques and more precisely on representation learning methods: each road and car-park is represented by a vector in a common large dimensional space which captures both structural and dynamical information about the observed phenomenon. Such a model is thus able to jointly capture the spatio-temporal correlations between parking and traffic resulting in a high performance prediction system. The results of our experiments on the Grand Lyon (France) urban area show the effectiveness of our approach compared to state of the art methods.
Abstract
journey planning services begins to include real time traffic forecast features in order to compute more accurate routing along the journey, adaptive traffic control systems [...]
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Electric Vehicles charging control based on future internet generic enablers
F. Liberati, A. Giorgio, A. Lanna, L. Zuccaro

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 102

Abstract
In this paper a rationale for the deployment of Future Internet based applications in the field of Electric Vehicles (EVs) smart charging is presented. The focus is on the Connected Device Interface (CDI) Generic Enabler (GE) and the Network Information and Controller (NetIC) GE, which are recognized to have a potential impact on the charging control problem and the configuration of communications networks within reconfigurable clusters of charging points. The CDI GE can be used for capturing the driver feedback in terms of Quality of Experience (QoE) in those situations where the charging power is abruptly limited as a consequence of short term grid needs, like the shedding action asked by the Transmission System Operator to the Distribution System Operator aimed at clearing networks contingencies due to the loss of a transmission line or large wind power fluctuations. The NetIC GE can be used when a master Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) hosts the Load Area Controller, responsible for managing simultaneous charging sessions within a given Load Area (LA); the reconfiguration of distribution grid topology results in shift of EVSEs among LAs, then reallocation of slave EVSEs is needed. Involved actors, equipment, communications and processes are identified through the standardized framework provided by the Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM). Comment: To appear in IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEEE IEVC 2014)
Abstract
In this paper a rationale for the deployment of Future Internet based applications in the field of Electric Vehicles (EVs) smart charging is presented. The focus is on the [...]
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A Novel Approach to Automated Merge 4D Arrival Trajectories for Multi-parallel Runways
M. Liang, D. Delahaye, X. Xu

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 100

Abstract
International audience; This paper reports on the research status of automated merging 4D trajectories for multi-parallel runwaysoperations in complex terminal area. In order to simultaneously reduce delay and increase capacity in metropolis airportwith multi-parallel runways, based on the classic Point-Merge route structure, a novel Multiple-Points-Merge (M-PM)route system is firstly proposed. It consists of multi-layers on the sequencing legs for dierent categories of aircraftwith H,Mand L, and a M-PM system for Beijing Capital international airport is built with lazy “8” topology. After that,a multiple-objectives function is discussed for this aircraft scheduling problem, operational constraints are analyzed indetail, a modelling strategy with sliding time window and simulated annealing algorithm is proposed for solving thisreal-time scheduling and sequencing landing problem. According to the relationship between aircraft entry time andthe position of sliding time window, all arrival aircraft are firstly classified into 4 dierent status: planned, ongoing,active, and completed, and then in the sliding time window the aircraft with active or ongoing status are optimized withre-sequence and conflict detection and resolution (CD&R) process. Conflict detection (CD) is based on pairwise formto detect separation infringement between aircraft. There are two types of conflict, catching up conflict and convergingconflict. Conflict resolution (CR) solve the detected horizontal conflict with speed adjustment, slot time control, andturning time control technique. In a future work, this novel M-PM system will be evaluated with real operational data.
Abstract
International audience; This paper reports on the research status of automated merging 4D trajectories for multi-parallel runwaysoperations in complex terminal area. In order [...]
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Automatic Design of Aircraft Arrival Routes with Limited Turning Angle
T. Andersson Granberg, T. Polishchuk, V. Polishchuk, C. Schmidt

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 127

Abstract
We present an application of Integer Programming to the design of arrival routes for aircraft in a Terminal Maneuvering Area (TMA). We generate operationally feasible merge trees of curvature-constrained routes, using two optimization criteria: (1) total length of the tree, and (2) distance flown along the tree paths. The output routes guarantee that the overall traffic pattern in the TMA can be monitored by air traffic controllers; in particular, we keep merge points for arriving aircraft well separated, and we exclude conflicts between arriving and departing aircraft. We demonstrate the feasibility of our method by experimenting with arrival routes for a runway at Arlanda airport in the Stockholm TMA. Our approach can easily be extended in several ways, e.g., to ensure that the routes avoid no-fly zones.
Abstract
We present an application of Integer Programming to the design of arrival routes for aircraft in a Terminal Maneuvering Area (TMA). We generate operationally feasible merge [...]
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THE COMPARISON OF PUBLIC ROAD AND RAILWAY TRANSPORT COSTS
V. Cempírek, P. Nachtigall, P. Novák, M. Pluhař

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 126

Abstract
This article compares the costs of public road and rail regional passenger transport in the district of Pardubice. The article contains the differences in unit costs between two means of transport, the objective point of view of the road and rail transport costs in the Pardubice region. The topic of solution is the classification of the differences in costs for road and rail passenger transport, because road transport does not include costs for road infrastucture and travel reimbursement for the use of other infrastructure. Příspěvek řeší porovnání nákladů na veřejnou silniční a železniční regionální osobní dopravu v Pardubickém kraji. Bude provedena analýza nákladů na silniční a železniční osobní dopravu, vymezen rozdíl v nákladovosti obou druhů dopravy, analýza jednotkových nákladů na dopravní výkon, objektivizace pohledu na nákladovost silniční a železniční dopravy v Pardubickém kraji. Předmětem řešení bude identifikace rozdílu v nákladech u silniční a železniční osobní dopravy, protože v silniční dopravě se nezapočítávají náklady na dopravní a cestu úhrada za použití ostatní infrastruktury.
Abstract
This article compares the costs of public road and rail regional passenger transport in the district of Pardubice. The article contains the differences in unit costs between [...]
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A Jump-Linear Model based Sensitivity Study for Optimal Air Traffic Flow Management under Weather Uncertainty
Y. Zhou, Y. Wan, J. Xie

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 99

Abstract
In this paper, we develop an analytical approach to planning air traffic flow management (TFM) strategies under uncertain weather. To do that, we model the dynamics of an air traffic flow under uncertain weather as a discrete jump-linear system, which enacts the tracking of transient traffic congestion statistics. We then conduct a sensitivity analysis of traffic congestion to disturbances introduced by mean inflow rate and flow restriction constraint. The integrated framework of jump-linear modeling and sensitivity analysis permits optimal planning for flow redistribution and flow restriction redesign. We demonstrate the design procedure through an example of a major flow splitting into multiple flows that enter a bank of weather zones.
Abstract
In this paper, we develop an analytical approach to planning air traffic flow management (TFM) strategies under uncertain weather. To do that, we model the dynamics of an [...]
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The effect of electromagnetic fields due to hv line on the parallel pipeline
C. Gomes, C. Chai, M. Kadir, J. Jasni, M. Izadi

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 98

Abstract
The effects of electromagnetic fields(EMF) due to high voltage line on the parallel pipeline are not a common issue nowadays. The EMF will bring up some pipeline problems and safety issues. There are only a few of previous studies about EMF effects consider in the lightning fault parameter and study in term of currents. This means the EMF effect of the transmission line to the pipeline still not completed. A study has been carried out to determine the effect of electromagnetic field in term of voltage and current of the shared corridor between the transmission tower and the pipeline. This study is simulated by using ANSYS Maxwell software. The induced voltage obtained is in the range of 2.6089V to 4.7723V which within the maximum acceptable value (15V) of IEEE 80-2000 standards. The induced current obtained is in the range of 3.1893nA to 61.4640 nA. Besides, mitigation is also discussed.
Abstract
The effects of electromagnetic fields(EMF) due to high voltage line on the parallel pipeline are not a common issue nowadays. The EMF will bring up some pipeline problems [...]
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OpenSky: A swiss army knife for air traffic security research
V. Lenders, M. Strohmeier, M. Fuchs, M. Schäfer, I. Martinovic

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 97

Abstract
The Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) protocol is one of the key components of the next generation air transportation system. Since ADS-B will become mandatory by 2017 in the European airspace, it is crucial that aspects such as its security and privacy are promptly investigated by the research community. However, as expensive specialized equipment was previously necessary to collect real-world data on a large scale, such data has not been freely accessible until now. To enable researchers around the world to conduct experimental studies based on real air traffic data, we have created OpenSky, a participatory sensor network for air traffic research. In this paper, we describe the setup and capabilities of OpenSky, and detail some of the research into air traffic security that we have conducted using OpenSky.
Abstract
The Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) protocol is one of the key components of the next generation air transportation system. Since ADS-B will become mandatory [...]
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Integration of dynamic weather routes automation with air/ground data communications
C. Gong, D. McNally, S. Sahlman

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 96

Abstract
The Dynamic Weather Routes (DWR) tool continuously and automatically analyzes airborne flights in en route airspace to identify flights where a route correction could save significant flight time and still avoid weather. A partnership between NASA, American Airlines (AA), and the FAA has enabled testing of DWR in real-world air traffic operations. En route Data Communications (Data Comm) could significantly reduce the controller and pilot workload needed to communicate DWR route changes under today's voice-based operations and thereby enable more timely and frequent high-value corrections to weather avoidance routes. Sample data from the DWR trial at AA illustrate how Data Comm could improve DWR operations. Two operating concepts that integrate DWR with Data Comm are described: (1) route corrections are initiated by air traffic control and implemented using Airborne Reroutes and Data Comm, and (2) route corrections are initiated by the dispatcher and pilot and implemented via Data Comm. Both concepts align with Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) plans for implementation of Data Comm in en route airspace.
Abstract
The Dynamic Weather Routes (DWR) tool continuously and automatically analyzes airborne flights in en route airspace to identify flights where a route correction could save [...]
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Determination of Necessary and Sufficient Operational Conditions of The Sleeve-Type Bearings in Autonomous Power Plants of Ormat Type Under Conditions of Siberia and the Far East
O. Vysokomornaya, A. Beck, A. Kosintsev, V. Panin, V. Vysokomorny

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 125

Abstract
The analysis of integral reliability characteristics for autonomous energy sources in gas pipelines of Russia is carried out. The reasons of the most frequent failures are determined. Recommendations for increase of integral reliability characteristics for autonomous energy sources are formulated.
Abstract
The analysis of integral reliability characteristics for autonomous energy sources in gas pipelines of Russia is carried out. The reasons of the most frequent failures are [...]
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Detection and recognition of road markings in panoramic images
C. Li, I. Creusen, L. Hazelhoff, D. With

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 95

Abstract
The detection of road lane markings has many practical applications, such as advanced driver assistance systems and road maintenance. In this paper we propose an algorithm to detect and recognize road lane markings from panoramic images. Our algorithm consists of four steps. First, an inverse perspective mapping is applied to the image, and the potential road markings are segmented based on their intensity difference compared to the surrounding pixels. Second, we extract the distance between the center and the boundary at regular angular steps of each considered potential road marking segment into a feature vector. Third, each segment is classified using a Support Vector Machine (SVM). Finally, by modeling the lane markings, previous false positive detected segments can be rejected based on their orientation and position relative to the lane markings. Our experiments show that the system is capable of recognizing \$93\\,\\%\$, \$95\\,\\%\$ and \$91\\,\\%\$ of striped line segments, blocks and arrows respectively, as well as \$94\\,\\%\$ of the lane markings.
Abstract
The detection of road lane markings has many practical applications, such as advanced driver assistance systems and road maintenance. In this paper we propose an algorithm [...]
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