Documents published in 2015 : Scipedia

Risk Assessment of Road Transport in construction Logistic Based on Fuzzy Method
R. Zeng, D. Song

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 391
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Validating an ATM security prototype — First results
M. Kleinert, T. Stelkens-Kobsch, M. Schaper, M. Finke

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 434

Abstract
Since years it is known that radio communication used by ATC can easily be intruded and is therefore subject to recurrent attacks. Nevertheless the voice communication between pilots and controllers is still the most flexible and efficient medium especially in a busy traffic environment, in non-standard situations or simply when exchanging air-ground messages in plain language is needed. As vulnerability seems not dominant compared to the number of crucial damages, voice communication is still the basic and most important communication method within the aeronautical mobile service. This motivated the development of a prototype for secure ATC communications (SACom) within the frame of the Global ATM Security Management Project (GAMMA). The challenge when designing a security management prototype for ATM is not only to find out if the concept is appropriate to minimize the expected impact of possible attacks. In fact the benefit for the participating stakeholders has to be evaluated and proven by appropriate evidence. The need for evidence leads to the understanding that there is a clear lack existing between the theoretically defined outlines by NextGen and SESAR and the measures at hand to validate prototypes in the area of ATM security. The document highlights the approach to validate the proposed system to secure ATC communication. Therefore the paper describes the intended prototype to secure ATC voice communication and the different modules it consists of. Moreover the surrounding validation environment and the dedicated validation platform for investigating the prototype is elaborated and described in detail. To achieve this, reader’s mindset will be sharpened for the idea of validation platform subsets and validation environment building blocks Within the project the prototype for secure ATC communication has been designed and developed. The verification of the prototype has been conducted in the Air Traffic Management Validation Center of the DLR in 2015/2016, whereas the first validation exercises were conducted in late spring of 2016. During the exercises the benefit of each single module as the benefit of the correlated value of all indicators will be validated. The prototype is not only been verified and validated as a single system. Moreover, during the preparatory work for the validation exercises a small scale experimental setup was used together with partners in the project in order to elaborate added value of the presented prototype already as a pre-production sample. The results obtained already demonstrate the general feasibility of the developed prototype. A detailed discussion of the preliminary validation results will be done in the full paper. This research-in-progress paper presents the initial findings from the validation and initial implementation of the security management prototype for secure ATC communications. The recent work supports the current security engineering needs and offers an iteratively deployable capability to complement the current ATM/CNS system and future deployment activities under SESAR or NextGen. The applied approach for the validation of this single prototype provides a mature basis for setting up a distinct methodology for validation of other ATM security oriented systems.
Abstract
Since years it is known that radio communication used by ATC can easily be intruded and is therefore subject to recurrent attacks. Nevertheless the voice communication between [...]
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Decentralized fault-tolerant control of inland navigation networks: a challenge
F. Nejjari, P. Segovia, E. Duviella, J. Blesa, L. Rajaoarisoa, V. Puig

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 432

Abstract
Trabajo presentado a la 13th European Workshop on Advanced Control and Diagnosis (ACD 2016). Inland waterways are large-scale networks used principally for navigation. Even if the transport planning is an important issue, the water resource management is a crucial point. Indeed, navigation is not possible when there is too little or too much water inside the waterways. Hence, the water resource management of waterways has to be particularly efficient in a context of climate change and increase of water demand. This management has to be done by considering different time and space scales and still requires the development of new methodologies and tools in the topics of the Control and Informatics communities. This work addresses the problem of waterways management in terms of modeling, control, diagnosis and fault-tolerant control by focusing in the inland waterways of the north of France. A review of proposed tools and the ongoing research topics are provided in this paper. Peer Reviewed
Abstract
Trabajo presentado a la 13th European Workshop on Advanced Control and Diagnosis (ACD 2016). Inland waterways are large-scale networks used principally for navigation. Even [...]
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Sizing tool for rapid optimisation of pack configuration at early-stage automotive product development
R. Ball, K. Uddin, A. McGordon, J. Taylor, J. Marco

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 390

Abstract
The specifications that define an automotive development project are established at an early point in the process and define the direction of such a development, and changing these decisions becomes more costly the further the project progresses. Tools to enable better consideration of choice can help prevent this. The tool presented is designed to aid with the decisions needed when embarking on the development of a vehicle that incorporates electric-vehicle technologies and the important choices made regarding the battery pack required by such a vehicle. The tool incorporates a sizing model for determining the number of cells and the configuration required to meet a specified battery requirement. The tool then uses a 1-d model to determine some of the basic thermal and power characteristics that can then be used to inform other parts of the design specification. When attached to a database containing cell information, the tool can pre-select candidate cells to meet the requirement, and rapid execution time of the tool means that it can be used to quickly compare between cell choices, at a level understandable by all stakeholders in the decision making process. Document type: Conference object
Abstract
The specifications that define an automotive development project are established at an early point in the process and define the direction of such a development, and changing [...]
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The bicycle: mass urban transportation a paradigm shift. Case study: the City of Valencia
F. Díaz

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 389

Abstract
[EN] The bicycle was for decades a mode of transportation with full presence in most Spanish cities. Until the consolidation of the so-called economic miracle, in the 60s, only public transports would dispute the hegemony in the use of public space. But with the advent of economic development the irruption of the automobile, outstandingly represented by the Fiat 600, manufactured in Franco s Spain as Seat 600, that order of things was reversed. A certain complex of "nouveau riche" was installed in the social consciousness and getting around on a bicycle was reduced to the poorer classes; even the emerging middle class, that could hardly aspire to buy a car, did not kept cycling, and opted for public transportation instead. As economic development, initiated after the Economic Stabilization Plan of 1959, got consolidated, the new middle class made the ownership of a car a symbol of triumph and the bicycle disappeared from the urban landscape. To this extinction largely contributed the attitude of the Public Administration that far from protecting and promoting it, saw it almost as a shameful transportation, unworthy of a society that pretended to be developed. Thus the use of bicycles as a mode of transportation virtually disappeared in the city, reduced to a limited use as a sport. But in the last decades bicycle as a transport mode has come to back to the city, reclaiming a hegemony that should have never lost. Gaja Díaz, F. (2015). The bicycle: mass urban transportation a paradigm shift. Case study: the City of Valencia. WIT Transactions on the Built Environment (Online). 146:27-37. doi:10.2495/UT150031 S 27 37 146
Abstract
[EN] The bicycle was for decades a mode of transportation with full presence in most Spanish cities. Until the consolidation of the so-called economic miracle, in the 60s, [...]
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Research on Predicting Slack Flow of Oil Pipelines in Undulated Areas with Large Fall
J. Zhang, J. Li, H. Lan

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 388

Abstract
Pipelines in more undulated areas are likely to have crossing points in pipeline transportation as oil throughput varies. This is to say that the potential energy of oils, from the peak to the terminal, is possibly higher than energy required for overcoming friction factor in oil movement, thus producing slack flow in pipes after the peak and accelerating partial flow velocity to consume remaining energy. Existed slack flow will be problem-prone like increased surge pressure, slow response to post-peak accident and vibration incurred by repeated occurrence and collapse of the steam bubble, when there are separation and crash of the liquid column in sudden change of the liquid flow speed. Therefore, targeted measures are necessary for avoiding slack flow. This text, for the first time, develops a parameter calculation model based on mechanism and characteristics of slack flow, proposes technology of predicting characteristics of the slack flow of pipelines in hilly areas with large fall and correctly predicts the defined parameters for the slack flow, including position, length, steam space volume, air space ratio and oil flow speed. Keywords-large fall; slack flow; oil pipeline; mechanism; characteristic parameter
Abstract
Pipelines in more undulated areas are likely to have crossing points in pipeline transportation as oil throughput varies. This is to say that the potential energy of oils, [...]
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Investigation of Automated Vehicle Effects on Driver's Behavior and Traffic Performance
E. Aria, J. Olstam, C. Schwietering

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 430

Abstract
dvanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) offer the possibility of helping drivers to fulfill their driving tasks. Automated vehicles (AV) are capable of communicating with surrounding vehicles (V2V) and infrastructure (V2I) in order to collect and provide essential information about the driving environment. Studies have proved that automated driving have the potential to decrease traffic congestion by reducing the time headway (THW), enhancing the traffic capacity and improving the safety margins in car following. Despite different encouraging factors, automated driving raise some concerns such as possible loss of situation awareness, overreliance on automation and system failure. This paper aims to investigate the effects of AV on driver’s behavior and traffic performance. A literature review was conducted to examine the AV effects on driver’s behavior. Findings from the literature survey reveal that conventional vehicles (CV), i.e. human driven, which are driving close to a platoon of AV with short THW, tend to reduce their THW and spend more time under their critical THW. Additionally, driving highly AV reduce situation awareness and can intensify driver drowsiness, exclusively in light traffic. In order to investigate the influences of AV on traffic performance, a simulation case study consisting of a 100% AV scenario and a 100% CV scenario was performed using microscopic traffic simulation. Outputs of this simulation study reveal that the positive effects of AV on roads are especially highlighted when the network is crowded (e.g. peak hours). This can definitely count as a constructive point for the future of road networks with higher demands. In details, average density of autobahn segment remarkably improved by 8.09% during p.m. peak hours in the AV scenario, while the average travel speed enhanced relatively by 8.48%. As a consequent, the average travel time improved by 9.00% in the AV scenario. The outcome of this study jointly with the previous driving simulator studies illustrates a successful practice of microscopic traffic simulation to investigate the effects of AV. However, further development of the microscopic traffic simulation models are required and further investigations of mixed traffic situation with AV and CV need to be conducted.
Abstract
dvanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) offer the possibility of helping drivers to fulfill their driving tasks. Automated vehicles (AV) are capable of communicating with [...]
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Prediction of ductile fracture in anisotropic steels for pipeline applications
L. Cortese, F. Iob, F. Campanelli, T. Coppola

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 429

Abstract
Large diameter steel pipelines for gas transportation may experience extreme overloads due to external actions such as soil sliding, faults movements, third part interactions. In these scenarios the material undergoes severe plastic strains which locally may reach the fracture limits. Due to the manufacturing process, the steels used in such applications have an anisotropic behavior both for plasticity and fracture. In this paper two steel grades have been characterized in view of anisotropic plastic fracture. Fracture tests have been planned to characterize the fracture behavior under different stress states and in different directions to define the anisotropic sensitivity. Finite element modelling, incorporating an anisotropic plasticity formulation, has been used to calculate the local fracture parameters in the specimens and to define the complete ductile fracture locus. An uncoupled damage evolution law has been finally used to evaluate the fracture limits on real pipelines failed in full scale laboratory tests. The strain to fracture prediction has been verified by local strain measurements on the fractured pipes. The model robustness has been also verified on global parameter predictions, such us the burst pressure.
Abstract
Large diameter steel pipelines for gas transportation may experience extreme overloads due to external actions such as soil sliding, faults movements, third part interactions. [...]
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Aircraft access to SWIM — A collaborative ATM pathfinder to support a TBO environment
F. Aknine, R. Klein, A. Morales, B. Abraham, J. Pace, K. Niewoehner

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 385

Abstract
The NextGen National Airspace System (NAS) has begun to take shape with the functional emergence of En Route Automation Modernization (ERAM) and the Terminal Automation Modernization and Replacement (TAMR). NextGen Programs include: 1) Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B); 2) Collaborative Air Traffic Management Technologies (CATMT); 3) National Airspace System Voice System (NVS); 4) NextGen Weather; 5) Data Communications (Data Comm); and 6) System Wide Information Management (SWIM). These programs are being implemented to transform the operational precepts of the NAS, as based currently on ground control of aircraft separation. The NextGen programs will fundamentally change the NAS operational framework from a voice-centric to a data-centric model. The new model will rely extensively on air-ground operational integration coupled with ready-access to communication, navigation and surveillance (CNS) data to enable 4-dimensional trajectory-based-operation (4DT) flow management. In addition to these advanced-development NextGen programs, the FAA has sponsored a pathfinder initiative to enable flightcrew access to SWIM data for enhanced shared situational awareness, (SSA). This pathfinder, known as Aircraft Access to SWIM (AAtS), has organized itself within a broad framework of public/private collaboration (government & industry partnership) focused on the coupled evolution of air-ground-integration and related enabling technologies. As a pathfinder, the AAtS operational paradigm is consistent with the U.S. vision for SWIM. The U.S. Government work not protected by U.S. copyright solution developed focus on connecting SWIM to aircraft. Other air-service regions are considering different concepts, architectures and requirements for SWIM-aircraft connectivity and are targeted for later dates for entry into service. The AAtS initiative has developed: • an operations concept; • technical implementation framework; and • conducted operational demonstrations. These establish a proof-of-concept benchmark for implementation of a collaborative decision making (CDM) capability. The AAtS pathfinder environment leverages existing systems and new communications infrastructure, including broadband IP and COTS technology (see Figure 1). Demonstration data promoted better understanding of: 1) usage patterns for available products; 2) system-level performance; 3) utility of the demonstrated data links; 4) data protocol efficiency; 5) communication issue mitigation; and 6) potential performance improvements through lessons learned. Phase 2 will demonstrate air-to-ground communications in addition to the ground-to-air exchange from Phase 1. The Phase 2 demonstrations will measure operational systems performance, with an eye toward how best to facilitate CDM among the ATC, flightcrews, and the aircraft operations center (AOC). Data from resulting operational improvements will illustrate system efficiencies to be harvested through CDM. Air-ground integration within the realm of 4DT data exchange schema promises to yield material system efficiencies, especially as they apply to route optimization and accommodation of transient disruptions, e.g. traffic or weather induced flow upsets. The AAtS initiative will shed light on the nature of the expected efficiencies in addition to issues pertaining to system-safety and information security. AAtS, as a pathfinder, is well underway and has spurred significant future-systems architectural development within individual avionics original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in addition to collaborative development OEM teams. The future of AAtS is to build on a premise that SWIM services can produce a benefit for the operators and FAA thru CATM. As a result, CATM via AAtS will enable improved airspace usage as part of a broader connected aircraft strategy. The belief is that air traffic management and connected aircraft will benefit from increased situational awareness, combined with their ability to expeditiously formulate operational solutions working with controllers and company dispatchers. To become viable from a business perspective, AAtS must yield material benefit through cost avoidance in the air and during ground operations.
Abstract
The NextGen National Airspace System (NAS) has begun to take shape with the functional emergence of En Route Automation Modernization (ERAM) and the Terminal Automation Modernization [...]
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A Survey on Constructing Rosters for Air Traffic Controllers
R. Conniss

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 384

Abstract
In this survey the state-of-the-art technology and the literature to date are discussed. In particular, we will discuss the gap in the literature concerning rostering staff to tasks by qualifications, with the inclusion of restrictions on a measure of task familiarity, which is a unique consequence of the structure of ATC operations.
Abstract
In this survey the state-of-the-art technology and the literature to date are discussed. In particular, we will discuss the gap in the literature concerning rostering staff [...]
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Feasibility Analysis of China’s Traffic Congestion Charge Legislation
W. Jiyun

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 383

Abstract
This article is constructed based on the transportation issues which relates to introducing a congestion charge to ease chronic traffic jams. The paper first introduces the basic conception about congestion charge. Further, the supportive theory for applying congestion charge will be explored from economical and legal perspective. Lastly, summary will be presented, which analyzes and locates the advantages and deficiencies of relative legal term constitute by Chinese Civil Law.
Abstract
This article is constructed based on the transportation issues which relates to introducing a congestion charge to ease chronic traffic jams. The paper first introduces the [...]
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Stochastic optimization of an Electric Vehicle Fleet Charging with Uncertain Photovoltaic Production
R. Latimier, H. Ahmed, F. Baraer, M. Acquitter, B. Multon

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 381

Abstract
International audience; Simultaneous development of photovoltaic generation and electric vehicles strengthens the solicitations on the electric power system. This paper investigates the possible synergy between these players to jointly improve the production predictability while ensuring a low carbon mobility. It stands for a step towards a quantification of its economic and environmental fallout. First a context is described for a PV-EV collaboration. Then this is gathered into an optimization problem. Grid commitment constraints, battery aging and mobility needs are here considered from the environmental point of view of equivalent primary energy. Finally, a resolution method is presented which achieve an time-efficient optimization of the power flow for each vehicle, based on upstream computed charging policies. It relies on a stochastic modeling of both vehicles availability and forecast error of the PV production. The resolution framework is the stochastic dynamic programming, coupled with on-line minimization so as to avoid the curse of dimensionality. The proposed resolution enables to compute optimal power flow for each vehicle, even among large fleets. The emphasis is here set on a versatile resolution method which could take over many detailed objective functions.
Abstract
International audience; Simultaneous development of photovoltaic generation and electric vehicles strengthens the solicitations on the electric power system. This paper investigates [...]
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Do Traffic Controllers Dream of Electric Cars?
N. Taylor

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 380

Abstract
Traffic congestion is not a modern phenomenon, but the growth of motor traffic driven by the supply of petroleum is. This coincides with concern about climate change caused by carbon emissions to which transport makes a substantial and increasing contribution. It seems that private cars in particular cannot be useful without coming to dominate human activity and even whole economies, creating dependence, congestion and severance which paradoxically negate many of the benefits of mobility. Electrification may reduce carbon emissions, but is unlikely to support the same weight of motor traffic, and will not reduce its other effects. It is doubtful that sustainability, however defined, is compatible with current high and increasing levels of motorised movement, so a culture change will be needed.
Abstract
Traffic congestion is not a modern phenomenon, but the growth of motor traffic driven by the supply of petroleum is. This coincides with concern about climate change caused [...]
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Modelling signal platoon patterns by approach lane use and movement class
R. Akçelik

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 378

Abstract
lane-based signal platoon progression model has been developed for estimating performance measures as a function of signal offsets, geometric design and flow conditions. This is part of a lane-based network model that involves the blockage of upstream intersection lanes by downstream queues (backward spread of congestion) and a capacity constraint applied to oversaturated upstream intersections. The model takes into account midblock lane changes that apply to signal platoon patterns. This is particularly important in evaluating closely-spaced intersections with high demand flows where vehicles have limited opportunities for lane changes between intersections. The modelling of signal platoon patterns is further enhanced by assigning two types of movements negotiating the network to special movement classes. These are the through movements at external approaches which become turning movements at downstream internal approaches, and the dogleg movements at staggered T intersections. These movements can be assigned to separate lanes and separate signal phases, and their second-by-second platoon patterns can be tracked through the network separately. This improves the quality of signal platoon modelling and is expected to produce better results in assessing signal coordination quality and optimising signal offsets. The use of special movement classes also helps to estimate unequal lane use cases at external approaches of a paired intersection system, a factor which also affects signal platoon patterns. A staggered T-intersection example is presented to demonstrate important aspects of modelling signal platoon patterns by approach lane use and movement class.
Abstract
lane-based signal platoon progression model has been developed for estimating performance measures as a function of signal offsets, geometric design and flow conditions. This [...]
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Air Quality Index Monitoring System Based on Flow Point of BD
R. Tang, Y. Cao, Z. Hao, Y. Liu, B. Fan

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 376

Abstract
China is annual faced with a large area of bad weather such as fog and haze, which make a serious impact on people's daily lives, traffic congestion and other flight delays. Currently, the monitoring towards air quality are mostly procured through static monitoring station or artificial flow monitoring, whose limitations lie in the incomplete data, heavy workload of the artificial flow monitoring and the poor quality. Even the bad weather may result in serious damage to people. Therefore paper designs a mobile air quality monitoring system. The system uses a robot which has its own air quality monitoring instrument to flow monitoring autonomously; takes the advantage of the BD information systems,3G communication module to locate different sites; adopts the 3G data transmission modules,β-ray method to monitor the air quality of PM2.5.Besides,the system uses camera to collect relevant environmental information, take the speed and direction of robot into control by video identification guide wire and intelligent PID control algorithm. The air quality monitoring system designed in the paper makes a perfect combination of hardware and software.
Abstract
China is annual faced with a large area of bad weather such as fog and haze, which make a serious impact on people's daily lives, traffic congestion and other flight delays. [...]
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Network-Wide Mesoscopic State Estimation based on a Variational Formulation of the LWR Model and using Lagrangian Observations
H. Lint, A. Duret, Y. Yuan

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 375

Abstract
Traffic Granular Flow, DELFT, PAYS-BAS, 28-/10/2015 - 30/10/2015; This paper presents a generic data assimilation framework based on a mesoscopic-LWR model formulated in Lagrangian-space coordinates and using both Lagrangian observations. This is a challenge work since probe trajectories are not directly related to specific vehicle/platoon indexes in the simulation model. Therefore, we develop a method to incorporate probe information and to further estimate states. The proposed method has been validated on a homogeneous road stretch, and it provides promising results for further extension of the framework.
Abstract
Traffic Granular Flow, DELFT, PAYS-BAS, 28-/10/2015 - 30/10/2015; This paper presents a generic data assimilation framework based on a mesoscopic-LWR model formulated in Lagrangian-space [...]
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Multi-Agent Collaborative Control Method of Ramps Based on Fuzzy Neural Network
F. Chen, Y. Jia, Z. Niu, L. Zhang

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 374

Abstract
In order to improve the growing serious traffic congestion on the junction of freeway and expressway (junction of road network in short), starting from the on-ramp metering, considering the main line and its on-ramp control requirements, the multi-agent collaborative was introduced. And the relativity of different segments of junction of road network was analyzed. Meanwhile, the correlation of different segments was calculated. With the consistency of control objectives for urbanized segments of expressway, a relative density model of multi-agent consistency was proposed. Then, on basis of multi-agent and fuzzy control theory, a multi-agent ramp cooperative control model based on fuzzy neural network was presented. Urbanized segments of Beijing- Tianjin-Tanggu Expressway were selected to validate the model. The results show that the model was effective. The method can stabilize the density of the urbanized expressway, and relief traffic congestion in the area.
Abstract
In order to improve the growing serious traffic congestion on the junction of freeway and expressway (junction of road network in short), starting from the on-ramp metering, [...]
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Full Scale Corrosion Test on Buried Cast Iron Pipes
M. Wasim, W. Wang, A. Zhou, C. Li, D. Robert

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 415

Abstract
Underground metal pipes are essential infrastructure for water and energy transport. Although the life expectancy of cast iron pipes can exceed one hundred years, the failures of cast iron pipelines often occur unexpectedly as the corrosion causes material deterioration, which induces that the actual service life of pipeline greatly less than the design life expectancy. A systematic research program has been developed to investigate the effect of corrosion on material deterioration of pipelines buried in soil, which are essential for accurate prediction of life expectancy. The details of apparatus, test preparation, corrosion monitoring and measurements are presented in this paper. The research methodology shows effective outcomes for monitoring and evaluating corrosion of metal pipes buried in realistic fine grained soil medium. The current research provides useful knowledge for engineers and asset managers to make maintenance strategies for corrosion affected cast iron pipelines.
Abstract
Underground metal pipes are essential infrastructure for water and energy transport. Although the life expectancy of cast iron pipes can exceed one hundred years, the failures [...]
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Optimizing load balancing routing mechanisms with evolutionary computation
V. Pereira, M. Rocha, P. Sousa

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 414

Abstract
Link State routing protocols, such as Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), are widely applied to intra-domain routing in todays IP networks. They provide a good scalability without lost of simplicity. A router running OSPF distributes traf- fic uniformly over Equal-cost Multi-path (ECMP), enabling a better distribution of packets among the existent links. More recently, other load balancing strategies, that consider non even splitting of traffic, have been put forward. Such is the case of the Distributed Exponentially-weighted Flow SpliTting (DEFT), that enables traf- fic to be directed through non equal-cost multi-paths, while preserving the OSPF simplicity. As the optimal link weight computation is known to be NP-hard, intel- ligence heuristics are particularly suited to address this optimization problem. In this context, this work compares the solutions provided by Evolutionary Al- gorithms (EA) for the weight setting problem, considering both ECMP and DEFT load balancing alternatives. In addition to a single objective network congestion optimization problem, both load balancing schemes are also applied to a multi- objective optimization approach able to attain routing configurations resilient to traffic demand variations. COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia This work has been supported by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT -Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the ProjectScope: UID/CEC/00319/2013.
Abstract
Link State routing protocols, such as Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), are widely applied to intra-domain routing in todays IP networks. They provide a good scalability without [...]
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MPLS Under the Microscope: Revealing Actual Transit Path Diversity
Y. Vanaubel, P. Mérindol, J. Pansiot, B. Donnet

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 373

Abstract
Traffic Engineering (TE) is one of the keys for improving packet forwarding in the Internet. It allows IP network operators to finely tune their forwarding paths according to various customer needs. One of the most popular tool available today for optimizing the use of networking resources is MPLS. On the one hand, operators may use MPLS and label distribution mechanisms such as RSVP-TE in conjunction with BGP to define multiple transit paths (for a given edge pair) verifying different constraints on their network. On the other hand, when operators simply enable LDP for distributing MPLS labels in order to improve the scalability of their network, another kind of path diversity may appear thanks to the ECMP feature of IGP routing. In this paper, using an MPLS labels analysis, we demonstrate that it is possible to better understand the transit path diversity deployed within a given ISP. More specifically, we introduce the Label Pattern Recognition (LPR) algorithm, a method for analyzing traceroute data including MPLS information. LPR reveals the actual usage of MPLS according to the inferred label distribution protocol and is able to make the distinction between ECMP and TE multi-path forwarding. Based on an extensive and longitudinal traceroute dataset obtained from CAIDA, we apply LPR and find that each ISP behavior is really specific in regard to its MPLS usage. In particular, we are able to observe independently for each ISP the MPLS path diversity and usage, and its evolution over time. Globally speaking, the main outcomes of our study are that (i) the usage of MPLS has been increasing over the the last five years with basic encapsulation being predominant, (ii) path diversity is mainly provided thanks to ECMP and LDP, and, (iii), TE using MPLS is as common as MPLS without path diversity. Peer reviewed
Abstract
Traffic Engineering (TE) is one of the keys for improving packet forwarding in the Internet. It allows IP network operators to finely tune their forwarding paths according [...]
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A broad-coverage collection of portable NLP components for building shareable analysis pipelines
I. Gurevych, R. Castilho

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 372

Abstract
Due to the diversity of natural language processing (NLP) tools and resources, combining them into processing pipelines is an important issue, and sharing these pipelines with others remains a problem. We present DKPro Core, a broad-coverage component collection integrating a wide range of third-party NLP tools and making them interoperable. Contrary to other recent endeavors that rely heavily on web services, our collection consists only of portable components distributed via a repository, making it particularly interesting with respect to sharing pipelines with other researchers, embedding NLP pipelines in applications, and the use on high-performance computing clusters. Our collection is augmented by a novel concept for automatically selecting and acquiring resources required by the components at runtime from a repository. Based on these contributions, we demonstrate a way to describe a pipeline such that all required software and resources can be automatically obtained, making it easy to share it with others, e.g. in order to reproduce results or as examples in teaching, documentation, or publications.
Abstract
Due to the diversity of natural language processing (NLP) tools and resources, combining them into processing pipelines is an important issue, and sharing these pipelines [...]
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Economic assessment of strategies to deploy publicly accessible charging infrastructure
E. Zabala, G. Coppola, I. Gómez, R. Rodriguez, C. Madina, H. Barlag

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 371

Abstract
From the end user perspective, the main barriers for widespread electric vehicle (EV) adoption are high purchase cost and range anxiety, both regarding battery capacity and availability of accessible EV charging infrastructure. Governments and public bodies in general are taking steps towards overcoming these barriers by, among others, setting up regulatory requirements regarding standardisation, customer information and recommending objectives of publicly accessible charging infrastructure. However, the economic performance of publicly accessible charging infrastructure is unknown and any deployment plan should be backed up by a rigorous cost-benefit analysis, to check the efficiency of the plan in economic terms. This paper presents the results of the economic assessment performed within the FP7 EU-funded Green eMotion project, where relevant conclusions for helping industry strategic approach and decision makers have been taken. European Commission's FP7 Document type: Article
Abstract
From the end user perspective, the main barriers for widespread electric vehicle (EV) adoption are high purchase cost and range anxiety, both regarding battery capacity and [...]
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Scalable programmable inbound traffic engineering
L. Vanbever, J. Rexford, P. Sun

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 370

Abstract
With the rise of video streaming and cloud services, enterprise and access networks receive much more traffic than they send, and must rely on the Internet to offer good end-to-end performance. These edge networks often connect to multiple ISPs for better performance and reliability, but have only limited ways to influence which of their ISPs carries the traffic for each service. In this paper, we present Sprite, a software-defined solution for flexible inbound traffic engineering (TE). Sprite offers direct, fine-grained control over inbound traffic, by announcing different public IP prefixes to each ISP, and performing source network address translation (SNAT) on outbound request traffic. Our design achieves scalability in both the data plane (by performing SNAT on edge switches close to the clients) and the control plane (by having local agents install the SNAT rules). The controller translates high-level TE objectives, based on client and server names, as well as performance metrics, to a dynamic network policy based on real-time traffic and performance measurements. We evaluate Sprite with live data from "in the wild" experiments on an EC2-based testbed, and demonstrate how Sprite dynamically adapts the network policy to achieve high-level TE objectives, such as balancing YouTube traffic among ISPs to improve video quality.
Abstract
With the rise of video streaming and cloud services, enterprise and access networks receive much more traffic than they send, and must rely on the Internet to offer good end-to-end [...]
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Congestion Pricing Design based on Gini Coefficient under the Combined Travel
D. Mo, C. Luo

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 368

Abstract
Considering three travel modes of taking a bus, self-driving and park-and-ride, it studies the congestion pricing under the combined travel. While designing the congestion pricing, it considers the fairness, takes road resources occupied by each mode as the fairness indicator, transforms the traditional upper model by Gini Coefficient, constructs an upper model with little total cost of traffic network and Gini Coefficient as much as possible and gives constraint conditions of Gini Coefficient. The example shows that the congestion pricing design based on Gini Coefficient can improve the traffic congestion of roads while taking fairness into consideration.
Abstract
Considering three travel modes of taking a bus, self-driving and park-and-ride, it studies the congestion pricing under the combined travel. While designing the congestion [...]
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A modified car-following model with variable safety distance and its feedback control research
C. Ye, Z. Zhang, Y. Zheng, H. Ge

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 367

Abstract
In this study, a modified car-following model is proposed to suppress the traffic jams. The optimal velocity (OV) function is extended by introducing variable safety headway distance. A comprehensive control scheme is constructed according to the feedback control theory. The stability condition for the modified model is obtained and the numerical simulation is carried out to illustrate the advantage of our model with the new control signal, and the results are consistent with the theoretical analysis. Introduction Over the last decades, traffic flow has gained more and more interests of many scholars and scientists, and traffic congestion has been a serious problem in the modern city traffic. In order to solve the increasingly serious traffic problems, research has been done on investigating the properties of traffic jams as much as possible, and obtained many significant results [1-7]. However, in expressway or highway with higher speed and larger headway, the models mentioned cannot be used to precisely reflect the real traffic phenomenon. In this case, the hyperbolic tangent part ( ) ( ) . tanh in OVM remains as a constant. That is to say, the following vehicle gets little or no influence despite the headway difference ( ) t xn ∆ is changing. So it is necessary to extend the typical safety headway distance parameter. Up to the present time, there has been a limited amount of research work concerning carfollowing model from the viewpoint of control methods [8-11]. And even fewer studies in the area have been conducted with considering variable safety headway distance(VSHD). In this paper, a new optimal velocity (OV) function with considering high speed following vehicle on expressway or highway is constructed by introducing variable safety headway distance. IMPROVED Car-following model To investigate the effect of high speed and large headway of vehicles in expressway or highway, a new car-following model is presented as follows: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] t v t v t x V a dt t x d n n n op new n − ∆ = , 2 2 (1) where ( ) ( ) ( ) t x t x t x n n n − = ∆ +1 is the headway difference between the th n considering vehicle and the preceding one; ( ) t xn is the th n vehicle's position; a is the sensitivity of driver and is the inverse of delay time; ( ) ( ) ( ) t v t x V n n op new , ∆ is the new optimal velocity function, which determines by the International Conference on Intelligent Systems Research and Mechatronics Engineering (ISRME 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 303 headway difference ( ) t xn ∆ and the variable safety headway distance. The new OV function can be expressed as: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) max tanh tanh 2 op new n n c c v V x t x t h h   = − +   � � (2) ( ) c s n v h T t dv h + = (3) where max v is the maximum speed of all the following vehicles, c h is the typical safety headway distance; s T is the time step unit and d is the reaction coefficient for ( ) t vn . In real traffic flow, the driver does not care about the specific value of the safety headway distance, unless the numerical value means traffic accident or danger. So the physical meaning of v h is the acceptable safety headway distance of a driver and it is variable and related with velocity of the considered vehicle. The dynamical equation is rewritten as follows: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] ( ) ( ) ( )    
Abstract
In this study, a modified car-following model is proposed to suppress the traffic jams. The optimal velocity (OV) function is extended by introducing variable safety headway [...]
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Vehicle Position Estimation Using Vehicle Dynamic Model
B. Kim, J. Yoon

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 366

Abstract
Accurate vehicle positioning information is essential reliable operation of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Conventionally, fusing information by attaching an inertial measurement unit (IMU) to the outside of the vehicle with GPS is widely used for this purpose. However, because a linear tire model is used as the dynamic model for positioning estimation, most methods have low vehicle positioning accuracy during high speed driving. This paper proposes a position estimation algorithm that rectifies this problem. The proposed algorithm is equivalent to a high-precision DGPS but fuses information from the inexpensive GPS in the vehicle and vehicle status information acquired from modules such as electronic stability control (ESC) and electric power steering (EPS) via controller area network (CAN) communication and extended Kalman filter (EKF) without a special linearization process.
Abstract
Accurate vehicle positioning information is essential reliable operation of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Conventionally, fusing information by attaching an inertial [...]
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Development of Performance Index for Stormwater Pipeline Infrastructure
S. Sinha, B. Sowmya

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 365

Abstract
With new government regulations and emerging knowledge of the risk to the environment posed by the failure of stormwater pipelines, stormwater infrastructure asset management is becoming increasingly important in the U.S. An essential aspect of asset management practice is the accurate performance assessment of one’s assets. This paper presents a weighted factor framework to determine the performance of stormwater pipes. This paper prepares a list of 50 parameters affecting the performance of stormwater pipelines; the list is based on a review of the literature, existing asset management plans, and feedback from utilities. This list is broken down into essential and preferential parameters. Indeed, not all utilities necessarily possess sufficient resources to collect such a large set of parameters. This study also develops a three-level hierarchical structure of the degradation of stormwater pipeline infrastructure. The structure consists of five failure modules and the essential parameters only. On the basis of the survey results gathered from 10 utilities across the EPA regions, the study combines the essential parameters into a performance index. The index is a scale of 1 to 5, similar to the National Association of Sewer Service Companies’ Pipeline Assessment and Certification Program grading system. Grade 1 implies excellent condition and Grade 5 implies collapse is imminent.
Abstract
With new government regulations and emerging knowledge of the risk to the environment posed by the failure of stormwater pipelines, stormwater infrastructure asset management [...]
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Finite element analysis of FRP pipelines’ dynamic stability
A. Nergaard, D. Pavlou

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 364

Abstract
finite element model is derived for flow-induced instability analysis of multilayered, filament wound FRP pipelines resting on equispaced elastic supports. The critical flow velocity causing instability is obtained by taking into account the anisotropic properties of pipes material, the elastic properties of pipeline supports and flow parameters. A representative example is solved and discussed.
Abstract
finite element model is derived for flow-induced instability analysis of multilayered, filament wound FRP pipelines resting on equispaced elastic supports. The critical flow [...]
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An effective hybrid fault-tolerant architecture for pipelined cores
L. Dilillo, I. Wali, A. Virazel, P. Girard, A. Bosio

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 363

Abstract
International audience; Increasing vulnerability of transistors and interconnects due to CMOS technology scaling is continuously challenging the reliability of future electronic circuits and systems. Lifetime reliability is gaining attention over performance as a design factor even for lower-end commodity applications. In this paper we propose an effective hybrid fault-tolerant architecture able to deal with permanent and transient faults in combinational parts of pipelined cores. The principle consists in triplicating the combinational logic parts but, unlike TMR, only two copies run in parallel while the third one remains in standby until an error is detected. We have implemented this approach on a MIPS microprocessor as case study. Experiments show that our approach is comparable to TMR in terms of area with a notable power saving and offers a full protection against transient and permanent faults.
Abstract
International audience; Increasing vulnerability of transistors and interconnects due to CMOS technology scaling is continuously challenging the reliability of future electronic [...]
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Analytical comparison of topology configuration of wireless power transfer system
M. Piri, P. Drgona, B. Kozacek, V. Jaros

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 408

Abstract
This article deals with the description of topology configuration of wireless energy transfer system. Wireless energy transfer systems are used in several applications areas as is wireless charging accumulators in electric vehicles, charging batteries in mobiles, in lighting applications and other. This article is focused on wireless charging accumulators in electric vehicles, which the main quality indicators are high transmitted power, high efficiency and the transmission distance in range of the ground clearance of standard vehicles. There are described two topologies, first is series - series compensated system and second is series - parallel compensated system.
Abstract
This article deals with the description of topology configuration of wireless energy transfer system. Wireless energy transfer systems are used in several applications areas [...]
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Cloudflow – A Framework for MapReduce Pipeline Development in Biomedical Research
D. Davidović, F. Kronenberg, G. Specht, H. Weissensteiner, E. Afgan, L. Forer, S. Schönherr

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 362

Abstract
- The data-driven parallelization framework Hadoop MapReduce allows analysing large data sets in a scalable way. Since the development of MapReduce programs can be a time-intensive and challenging task, the application and usage of Hadoop in Biomedical Research is still limited. Here we present Cloudflow, a high-level framework to hide the implementation details of Hadoop and to provide a set of building blocks to create biomedical pipelines in a more intuitive way. We demonstrate the benefit of Cloudflow on three different genetic use cases. It will be shown how the framework can be combined with the Hadoop workflow system Cloudgene and the cloud orchestration platform CloudMan to provide Hadoop pipelines as a service to everyone. The framework is open source and free available at https://github.com/genepi/cloudflow. Document type: Conference object
Abstract
- The data-driven parallelization framework Hadoop MapReduce allows analysing large data sets in a scalable way. Since the development of MapReduce programs can be a time-intensive [...]
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The role of the image phase in cardiac strain imaging
M. Alessandrini, O. Bernard, H. Liebgott, M. Sermesant, J. D'hooge, A. Basarab, M. Craene

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 361

Abstract
International audience; This paper reviews our most recent contributions in the field of cardiac deformation imaging, which includes a motion estimation framework based on the conservation of the image phase over time and an open pipeline to benchmark algorithms for cardiac strain imaging in 2D and 3D ultrasound. The paper also shows an original evaluation of the proposed motion estimation technique based on the new benchmarking pipeline.
Abstract
International audience; This paper reviews our most recent contributions in the field of cardiac deformation imaging, which includes a motion estimation framework based on [...]
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How to predict real road state from vehicle embedded camera?
G. Pierre, N. Gimonet, A. Cord

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 360

Abstract
dvanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) based on video camera are increasingly invasive in todays car. However, if most of these systems work properly under clear weather, their performances drastically fall in case of adverse weather or bad lighting conditions. In this paper we study how to predict the road state: wet or dry. We simulate realistic embedded images relying on scene's physical data: road's Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF), vehicle direction, sun position and daylight model of the sky. These data are used to produce a database of 640 synthetic images of wet and dry road scene, under different conditions (weather, date, direction). This database allows us to evaluate the relationship between conditions and road state, in order to determine from a given condition if the road state could be predictable. Finally, an optimization method is used to estimate road surfaces' BRDF parameters.
Abstract
dvanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) based on video camera are increasingly invasive in todays car. However, if most of these systems work properly under clear weather, [...]
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Two-dimensional Deterministic Cellular Automaton Traffic FI Model
Y. Guo, Y. Wang, F. Yang, Y. Xue

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 359

Abstract
Based on cellular automaton traffic BML model, one-dimensional traffic Fukui-Ishibashi(FI)model is extended to urban traffic network. The two-dimensional FI model is proposed. Under the conditions of periodic boundary, the relationship of the average speed and the density of the traffic as well as the fundamental diagram of the traffic for size of traffic network and the maximum speed of the vehicle are obtained by simulation. The result shows that the maximum speed has a great impact on traffic congestion under different size of traffic networks, and reveals transition from free flow to local jamming and fully jamming with the increase of density. The transition point to induce traffic congestion is decreased when the maximum velocity increases in the same lattice. The corresponding patterns of traffic in several states confirm these research results further.
Abstract
Based on cellular automaton traffic BML model, one-dimensional traffic Fukui-Ishibashi(FI)model is extended to urban traffic network. The two-dimensional FI model is proposed. [...]
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A Guidance Tool for VGI Contributors
V. Antoniou, C. Fonte, M. Minghini, L. See, A. Skopeliti

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 403
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Automated Setting of Bus Schedule Coverage Using Unsupervised Machine Learning
J. Khiari, L. Moreira-Matias, V. Cerqueira, O. Cats, J. Bailey, L. Khan, T. Washio, G. Dobbie, J. Huang, R. Wang

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 402

Abstract
The efficiency of Public Transportation (PT) Networks is a major goal of any urban area authority. Advances on both location and communication devices drastically increased the availability of the data generated by their operations. Adequate Machine Learning methods can thus be applied to identify patterns useful to improve the Schedule Plan. In this paper, the authors propose a fully automated learning framework to determine the best Schedule Coverage to be assigned to a given PT network based on Automatic Vehicle location (AVL) and Automatic Passenger Counting (APC) data. We formulate this problem as a clustering one, where the best number of clusters is selected through an ad-hoc metric. This metric takes into account multiple domain constraints, computed using Sequence Mining and Probabilistic Reasoning. A case study from a large operator in Sweden was selected to validate our methodology. Experimental results suggest necessary changes on the Schedule coverage. Moreover, an impact study was conducted through a large-scale simulation over the affected time period. Its results uncovered potential improvements of the schedule reliability on a large scale.
Abstract
The efficiency of Public Transportation (PT) Networks is a major goal of any urban area authority. Advances on both location and communication devices drastically increased [...]
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Impact of Airspace Charges on Transatlantic Aircraft Trajectories
H. Ng, F. Linke, N. Chen, B. Sridhar

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 357

Abstract
ft flying over the airspace of different countries are subject to over-flight charges. These charges vary from country to country. Airspace charges, while necessary to support the communication, navigation and surveillance services, may lead to aircraft flying routes longer than wind-optimal routes and produce additional carbon dioxide and other gaseous emissions. This paper develops an optimal route between city pairs by modifying the cost function to include an airspace cost whenever an aircraft flies through a controlled airspace without landing or departing from that airspace. It is assumed that the aircraft will fly the trajectory at a constant cruise altitude and constant speed. The computationally efficient optimal trajectory is derived by solving a non-linear optimal control problem. The operational strategies investigated in this study for minimizing aircraft fuel burn and emissions include flying fuel-optimal routes and flying cost-optimal routes that may completely or partially reduce airspace charges en route. The results in this paper use traffic data for transatlantic flights during July 2012. The mean daily savings in over-flight charges, fuel cost and total operation cost during the period are 17.6 percent, 1.6 percent, and 2.4 percent respectively, along the cost- optimal trajectories. The transatlantic flights can potentially save $600,000 in fuel cost plus $360,000 in over-flight charges daily by flying the cost-optimal trajectories. In addition, the aircraft emissions can be potentially reduced by 2,070 metric tons each day. The airport pairs and airspace regions that have the highest potential impacts due to airspace charges are identified for possible reduction of fuel burn and aircraft emissions for the transatlantic flights. The results in the paper show that the impact of the variation in fuel price on the optimal routes is to reduce the difference between wind-optimal and cost-optimal routes as the fuel price increases. The additional fuel consumption is quantified using the 30 percent variation in fuel prices during March 2014 to March 2015.
Abstract
ft flying over the airspace of different countries are subject to over-flight charges. These charges vary from country to country. Airspace charges, while necessary to support [...]
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Adaptive Resource Allocation and Internet Traffic Engineering on Data Network
H. Hussein

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 356

Abstract
This research paper describes the issues of bandwidth allocation, optimum capacity allocation, network operational cost reduction, and improve Internet user experience. Traffic engineering (TE) is used to manipulate network traffic to achieve certain requirements and meets certain needs. TE becomes one of the most important building blocks in the design of the Internet backbone infrastructure. Research objective: efficient allocation of bandwidth across multiple paths. Optimum path selection. Minimize network traffic delays and maximize bandwidth utilization over multiple network paths. The bandwidth allocation is performed proportionally over multiple paths based on the path capacity.
Abstract
This research paper describes the issues of bandwidth allocation, optimum capacity allocation, network operational cost reduction, and improve Internet user experience. Traffic [...]
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Theoretical Analysis of Household Heat Metering of Central Heating and Its Application
L. Wang, F. Pi

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 355

Abstract
Central heating medium heat metering is principle of thermodynamics, drawing on some European the experiences of developed countries, and in China's cities such as Beijing, tianjin, the pilot work has achieved great results. The heat enterprises establishing market economy ideas primary, grades have improved significantly in quality and services for heating. Heat supply system in heat supplying enterprises toward the market, users become God, this makes heating enterprises and consciously shift attitudes and take the initiative to improve the quality of service. KEYWORD: Central heating, Metering, Thermodynamics, application International Conference on Industrial Technology and Management Science (ITMS 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 1860 As shown in Figure 1, heat metering principle is by measuring the heat pipes to the housing of the thermal value of Q1 and outflow of heat from the heating pipelines of housing poor value for Q3, resulting in users actually use heat value of Q2
Abstract
Central heating medium heat metering is principle of thermodynamics, drawing on some European the experiences of developed countries, and in China's cities such as Beijing, [...]
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Study on Improving Rail Energy Efficiency (E2): Best Practices and Strategies
M. Shurland, A. Brecher

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 354

Abstract
A recent Volpe Center report [1] for the Federal Railroad Administration’s (FRA) Rail Energy, Environment, and Engine (E3) Technology research and development program reviewed rail industry best practices (BPs) and strategies for improving energy efficiency (E2) and environmental sustainability. The review included examples of and opportunities for adoption of international transferrable BPs, and US technologies for equipment, operations and logistics software tools that have measurably improved E2 performance for passenger and freight railroads. Drivers providing renewed impetus for rail industry E2 advances include environmental compliance requirements with US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) locomotive emission standards, US Department of Transportation Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality improvement program grants, state, regional and urban clean diesel campaigns, as well as the FRA National Rail Plan, and High-Speed Intercity Passenger Rail (HSIPR) initiatives. The report presented comparative rail system energy efficiency data and trends relative to competing modes, illustrated the benefits of energy-efficient technologies, and of alternative fuels use. Based on a comprehensive literature review and on experts’ inputs, the report highlighted models of corporate rail sustainability plans and system-wide BPs and success stories. Available rail equipment and operational practices proven to improve E2 with environmental and economic benefits for all rail industry segments were illustrated. Findings and recommendations for further improving rail E2 and sustainability were tailored to the specific needs and goals of intercity and commuter passenger rail, and freight railroads (Class I-III). Key opportunities highlighted included: public-private partnerships (P3) with Federal agencies (FRA, EPA/SmartWay) for joint research, development test and evaluation (RDT&E)on advanced equipment (electric and hybrid, or dual fuel locomotives), or alternative fuels (biodiesel, CNG/LNG, Fuel cells/Hydrogen); participation in international rail organizations (UIC) and trade associations (AAR, AREMA, APTA, AASHTO), and partnering with regional and State environmental protection agencies for cross-enterprise E2 and sustainability improvements.
Abstract
A recent Volpe Center report [1] for the Federal Railroad Administration’s (FRA) Rail Energy, Environment, and Engine (E3) Technology research and development program reviewed [...]
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FAA Aircraft Systems Information Security Protection overview
P. Skaves

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 353

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of Aircraft Systems Information Security Protection (ASISP) from an FAA AVS perspective. Increased aircraft connectivity to aircraft systems and networks to Air Traffic Service (ATS) providers, including NextGen and public networks (e.g., Internet), may require additional security risk considerations. When the aircraft connects electronically to the infrastructure the safety, performance and interoperability requirements of both the aircraft and the systems that the aircraft are connected to should be considered. The FAA solution set includes safety, security, and environment. Improving safety, security, and the environment is an inherent part of the FAAs overall mission and is embedded in the activities of individual programs agency-wide. This solution set involves activities directly related to ensuring that NextGen systems contribute to steadily reducing risks to safety and information security while mitigating adverse effects on the environment and ensuring environmental protection that allows sustained aviation growth [2]. Security issues related to individuals that could gain physical access to aircraft to cause malicious damage to the aircraft systems (e.g., improper maintenance procedures, cutting wire bundles, etc.) are not addressed in this paper. Physical aircraft security is enforced by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Transportation and Security Administration (TSA) [3]. This paper is not a FAA official document and is the opinion of the author only. The pictures and figures contained in this paper were obtained from various internet sites, including the FAA NextGen program office. A list of acronyms and references used herein are included in the back of this paper.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of Aircraft Systems Information Security Protection (ASISP) from an FAA AVS perspective. Increased aircraft connectivity [...]
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Where does the Development of Road Transport Emission Macro Modelling Lead?
M. Zefreh, Á. Török

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 400

Abstract
In recent years, road transport models have developed for better estimation of road traffic emissions with higher and higher temporal and spatial resolution, to be used as a tool in air quality management for the better living. Road transport related emission models are becoming more and more complex. In this paper, the key research question is how the improvement in modelling influences the results? The authors compared three different macro emission modelling system with the dataset of Hungary for 2010. One must notice that more precise model has larger data requirement. Firstly, the consumption-based model was run with 31 needed input data secondly, EURO standard based model was run with 261 needed data and finally, speed dependent model was run with 1060 needed input data. According to the results, it can be stated that a more complex model could cause significant differences in emission compared to simpler one. The differences can be caused by old Hungarian vehicle fleet or differences in estimation error.
Abstract
In recent years, road transport models have developed for better estimation of road traffic emissions with higher and higher temporal and spatial resolution, to be used as [...]
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Pilot Results on Forward Collision Warning System Effectiveness in Older Drivers
N. Aksan, S. Hacker, S. Kitazaki, L. Sager, M. Rizzo, B. Lester, J. Dawson

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 351

Abstract
dvanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have largely been developed with a “one-size-fits-all” approach. This approach neglects the large inter-individual variability in perceptual and cognitive abilities that affect aging ADAS users. We investigated the effectiveness of a forward collision warning (FCW) with fixed response parameters in young and older drivers with differing levels of cognitive functioning. Drivers responded to a pedestrian stepping into the driver’s path on a simulated urban road. Behavioral metrics included response times (RT) for pedal controls and two indices of risk penetration (e.g., maximum deceleration and minimum time-to-collision (TTC)). Older drivers showed significantly slower responses at several time points compared to younger drivers. The FCW facilitated response times (RTs) for older and younger drivers. However, older drivers still showed smaller safety gains compared to younger drivers at accelerator pedal release and initial brake application when the FCW was active. No significant differences in risk metrics were observed within the condition studied. The results demonstrate older drivers likely differ from younger drivers using a FCW with a fixed parameter set. Finally, we briefly discuss how future research should examine predictive relationships between domains of cognitive functioning and ADAS responses to develop parameter sets to fit the individual.
Abstract
dvanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have largely been developed with a “one-size-fits-all” approach. This approach neglects the large inter-individual variability [...]
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Utilization of Train Routes in Relation to the Implementation of Periodic Timetable
P. Šrámek, T. Molková

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 397

Abstract
This article deals the use of routes of train services for the implementation of periodic timetable. Článek řeší využít tras v rámci železniční dopravy z hlediska provádění periodického jízdního řádu.
Abstract
This article deals the use of routes of train services for the implementation of periodic timetable. Článek řeší využít tras v rámci železniční dopravy z hlediska [...]
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Aspects of development of continental combined transport in the Czech Republic
J. Široký, P. Hlavsová, H. Chalupová Vohánková

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 396

Abstract
This paper describes the current state of combined transport, and especially continental transport, in the Czech Republic, and aspects of its potential further development. The role of continental CT is particularly important in logistics chains, mainly in transporting palletised goods. V příspěvku byly popsány jak současná situace kombinované dopravy a zejména dopravy kontinentální v ČR a aspekty jejího dalšího možného rozvoje. Velmi významné je využití kontinentální KD v logistických řetězcích a to zejména při přepravě paletovaného zboží.
Abstract
This paper describes the current state of combined transport, and especially continental transport, in the Czech Republic, and aspects of its potential further development. [...]
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Shortest path or anchor-based route choice: a large-scale empirical analysis of minicab routing in London
T. Cheng, J. Addison, E. Manley

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 350

Abstract
Understanding and modelling route choice behaviour is central to predicting the formation and propagation of urban road congestion. Yet within conventional literature disagreements persist around the nature of route choice behaviour, and how it should be modelled. In this paper, both the shortest path and anchor-based perspectives on route choice behaviour are explored through an empirical analysis of nearly 700,000 minicab routes across London, United Kingdom. In the first set of analyses, the degree of similarity between observed routes and possible shortest paths is established. Shortest paths demonstrate poor performance in predicting both observed route choice and characteristics. The second stage of analysis explores the influence of specific urban features, named anchors, in route choice. These analyses show that certain features attract more route choices than would be expected were individuals choosing route based on cost minimisation alone. Instead, the results indicate that major urban features form the basis of route choice planning – being selected disproportionately more often, and causing asymmetry in route choice volumes by direction of travel. At a finer scale, decisions made at minor road features are furthermore demonstrated to influence routing patterns. The results indicate a need to revisit the basis of how routes are modelled, shifting from the shortest path perspective to a mechanism structured around urban features. In concluding, the main trends are synthesised within an initial framework for route choice modelling, and presents potential extensions of this research. Document type: Article
Abstract
Understanding and modelling route choice behaviour is central to predicting the formation and propagation of urban road congestion. Yet within conventional literature disagreements [...]
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Strategic time-based metering that assures separation for integrated operations in a terminal airspace
A. Sadovsky, M. Jastrzebski

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 349

Abstract
This paper reports an algorithm for strategic time-based metering of air traffic arriving and departing from a large (∼ tens of nautical miles) area (called here, the commitment region) around an airport or metroplex. The algorithm assures separation continuously in time and avoids a dictation of intent to an aircraft crew. This is accomplished by allowing an aircraft (specifically, its Flight Management System) to specify, and commit to, an intended route and ground speed profile along that route within the commitment region, and by supplying the time at which to enter the region to the aircraft crew. The airspace that comprises the commitment region need not be confined to the terminal airspace and can include some of the en-route space: the size and shape of the commitment region are parameters in the algorithm. An exact formula for including speed profile uncertainty in the algorithm is provided. The algorithm is applied to a number of data sets recorded during actual air traffic operations in the Southern California TRACON in July of 2014 and the Atlanta TRACON in November and December of 2013. The results of the numerical simulations indicate that the algorithm succeeds at keeping the aircraft separated, but introduces, in its current implementation, more separation than that observed in actual operations. This excess separation can be reduced by modeling more accurately the Visual Flight Rules separation practices, a direction for future research.
Abstract
This paper reports an algorithm for strategic time-based metering of air traffic arriving and departing from a large (∼ tens of nautical miles) area (called here, the commitment [...]
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Current Situation and Suggestions of Pipelines of Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation in China
M. Tan

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 348

Abstract
The pipelines of oil and gas storage and transportation play an important role in oil and gas production, transportation and marketing. This paper first analyzes the significance of strengthening the construction of oil and gas storage and transportation pipeline to Chinese petroleum industry, and then points out the problems in the oil and gas storage and transportation pipeline construction, and finally gives the corresponding measures in order to provide reference for relevant researchers.
Abstract
The pipelines of oil and gas storage and transportation play an important role in oil and gas production, transportation and marketing. This paper first analyzes the significance [...]
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Guided wave attenuation in coated pipes buried in sand
P. Cawley, E. Leinov, M. Lowe

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 347

Abstract
Long-range guided wave testing (GWT) is routinely used for the monitoring and detection of corrosion defects in above ground pipelines in various industries. The GWT test range in buried, coated pipelines is greatly reduced compared to aboveground pipelines due to energy leakage into the embedding soil. In this study, we aim to increase test ranges for buried pipelines. The effect of pipe coatings on the T(0,1) and L(0,2) guided wave attenuation is investigated using a full-scale experimental apparatus and model predictions. Tests are performed on a fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE)-coated 8” pipe, buried in loose and compacted sand over a frequency range of 10-35 kHz. The application of a low impedance coating is shown to effectively decouple the influence of the sand on the ultrasound leakage from the buried pipe. We demonstrate ultrasonic isolation of a buried pipe by coating the pipe with a Polyethylene (PE)-foam layer that has a smaller impedance than both pipe and sand and the ability to withstand the overb...
Abstract
Long-range guided wave testing (GWT) is routinely used for the monitoring and detection of corrosion defects in above ground pipelines in various industries. The GWT test [...]
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Context-aware multi-modal traffic management in ITS: A Q-learning based algorithm
A. Said, A. Soua, H. Afifi, E. Abd-Elrahman

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 346

Abstract
International audience; Multi-modal traffic management in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) aims to provide a more efficient traffic regulation to passengers and reduce congestion and obstruction in the roads. In spite of the outstanding progress made in this research filed; traffic management still a very challenging problem regarding the multiple factors that have to be taken into account in any proposed solution. To tackle this problem, this paper introduces a collaborative model based context awareness multi-modal traffic management aiming at providing an efficient way to manage the traffic inside a transportation station. In this model (Multi-Layers Stations: the stations that have different intersections for different means of transport), the traffic management is based on a Q-learning technique that takes into account the context awareness parameters to provide more potent decisions. The learning technique offers the opportunity to the system (transportation station) to adapt dynamically its decision (choice of the best transportation mean) based on feedbacks provided by the passengers traveling from that specified station and thus optimize their journey through the transportation network. The efficacy of our proposed technique is validated through extensive simulations for different layers of transport means like metros, trains, and buses. Our proposal holds for any ITS system decisions provided the availability of real-time traces about the passengers passing by any station
Abstract
International audience; Multi-modal traffic management in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) aims to provide a more efficient traffic regulation to passengers and reduce [...]
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Study of Two Cases of Green Transport Taking Into Account Maintenance Costs
S. Turki, N. Rezg, O. Bistorin

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 390

Abstract
International audience; This paper study a supply chain system composed of a machine, a purchase warehouse, a vehicle and customers that demand a random quantity of products. We assume that the customers are located in urban areas and the demands are delivered by a green vehicle. Two cases of green transport are considered: in the first case the transport is ensured by an electric vehicle and the second case by a photovoltaic vehicle. The objective of this paper is to provide a performance evaluation system that allows choosing the suitable case according to the indicators of interest such as transport costs or the maintenance costs of vehicle. To describe both cases, a discrete flow model is adopted that takes into account the machine and vehicle failures, the quantity to deliver and the vehicle maintenance actions. Both cases of the green vehicle are simulated and the total cost of the supply chain of each case is determined. Numerical results are presented to discuss the choice of the suitable case. Also an optimization study of the supply chain system in the second case is presented.
Abstract
International audience; This paper study a supply chain system composed of a machine, a purchase warehouse, a vehicle and customers that demand a random quantity of products. [...]
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Energy-efficient execution of data-parallel applications on heterogeneous mobile platforms
A. Irimiea, T. Mitra, S. Wang, A. Prakash

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 345

Abstract
State-of-the-art mobile system-on-chips (SoC) include heterogeneity in various forms for accelerated and energy-efficient execution of diverse range of applications. The modern SoCs now include programmable cores such as CPU and GPU with very different functionality. The SoCs also integrate performance heterogeneous cores with different power-performance characteristics but the same instruction-set architecture such as ARM big.LITTLE. In this paper, we first explore and establish the combined benefits of functional heterogeneity and performance heterogeneity in improving power-performance behavior of data parallel applications. Next, given an application specified in OpenCL, we present a static partitioning strategy to execute the application kernel across CPU and GPU cores along with voltage-frequency setting for individual cores so as to obtain the best power-performance tradeoff. We achieve over 19% runtime improvement by exploiting the functional and performance heterogeneities concurrently. In addition, energy saving of 36% is achieved by using appropriate voltage-frequency setting without significantly degrading the runtime improvement from concurrent execution.
Abstract
State-of-the-art mobile system-on-chips (SoC) include heterogeneity in various forms for accelerated and energy-efficient execution of diverse range of applications. The modern [...]
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Parallel complexity computation based on dynamical systems
S. Puechmorel, D. Delahaye, T. Treimuth, S. Ngueveu

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 344

Abstract
International audience; This paper describes a parallel approach for computing an air traffic complexity metric that is based on dynamical systems. It is important in order to quantify the complexity and geometric features of traffic. Lyapunov exponents are used for understanding the geometry of current air traffic in the airspace. It is computed at different points on a spatial grid. Those values can indicate areas where air traffic controllers must pay more attention because the complexity is higher at those points. A parallel implementation of the air traffic complexity metric computation is introduced in this paper. Serial implementation of this problem is too slow for real world problems. This process is parallelizable because Lyapunov exponent values can be computed simultaneously for each grid point in the airspace.
Abstract
International audience; This paper describes a parallel approach for computing an air traffic complexity metric that is based on dynamical systems. It is important in order [...]
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Neural-based underwater surface localization through electrolocation
F. Boyer, V. Lebastard, Y. Morel

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 389

Abstract
International audience; — By manipulation of electric fields, it is possible to detect the presence of foreign objects underwater. The presented work builds upon a previous result, in which was developed a neural network-based methodology allowing to address this detection problem for spherical objects. Hereafter, we show that the approach generalizes to the case of continuous walls. The technique relies on a neural model of the forward map (from scene configuration to electric measures). Exploiting this model, together with collected electric measures, it becomes possible to detect and infer the relative distance and orientation of a planar wall. In addition, we show that relying on a single forward model, only descriptive of the presence of a single wall, it is possible to address the same problem in presence of a combination of walls forming a corner or a corridor. Closing the motion control loop with information obtained using the proposed approach, it becomes possible to regulate position of a system at a fixed distance and orientation from a wall, with applications to the exploration and monitoring of flooded pipelines, or to surface quality monitoring of ships' hulls (in relation to biofouling). Data collected experimentally are used together with analytical models and numerical simulations to illustrate efficacy of the approach.
Abstract
International audience; — By manipulation of electric fields, it is possible to detect the presence of foreign objects underwater. The presented work builds upon a previous [...]
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Optimizing Urban Freight Deliveries: From Designing and Testing a Prototype System to Addressing Real Life Challenges
J. Ashton, P. Alguiar-Melgarejo, T. Baudel, L. dablanc

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 342

Abstract
9th International Conference on City Logistics, Tenerife, ESPAGNE, 17-/06/2015 - 19/06/2015; In this article, we present efforts towards building a city-wide freight delivery rounds optimization system aimed at leveraging city traffic information to optimize professional vehicle rounds. This project, called SmartDeliveries, has been developed as part of the OptimodLyon project. We present the system's architecture and general objective. Then we present early evaluations which have led us to identify three main technical challenges to address, but also to quantify the potential productivity gains for its users: 18% in distance savings and 11% in time. This could lead, if the system were to be generalized at the scale of the city, to a reduction in as much as 5% in traffic, and to corresponding savings in emissions, which are the primary motivation of the project leaders. Finally we discuss the remaining challenges to address, from a technical as well as an organizational standpoint, to introduce real life implementation of the system. Document type: Conference object
Abstract
9th International Conference on City Logistics, Tenerife, ESPAGNE, 17-/06/2015 - 19/06/2015; In this article, we present efforts towards building a city-wide freight delivery [...]
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Using DevOps principles to continuously monitor RDF data quality
K. Junghanns, R. Meissner

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 383

Abstract
One approach to continuously achieve a certain data quality level is to use an integration pipeline that continuously checks and monitors the quality of a data set according to defined metrics. This approach is inspired by Continuous Integration pipelines, that have been introduced in the area of software development and DevOps to perform continuous source code checks. By investigating in possible tools to use and discussing the specific requirements for RDF data sets, an integration pipeline is derived that joins current approaches of the areas of software-development and semantic-web as well as reuses existing tools. As these tools have not been built explicitly for CI usage, we evaluate their usability and propose possible workarounds and improvements. Furthermore, a real-world usage scenario is discussed, outlining the benefit of the usage of such a pipeline.
Abstract
One approach to continuously achieve a certain data quality level is to use an integration pipeline that continuously checks and monitors the quality of a data set according [...]
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Empirical Analysis on the impact of working capital management
M. Hong, C. Liu

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 341

Abstract
KEYWORD: Road transport industry, Working capital management, Firm performance, Factor anal- ysis, Regression analysis ABSTRACT: the article selects 2013 Annual Report data, and analyzes seven indicators of 24 listed companies about road transport industry by using SPSS19.0, and then the study get the newly ac- quired four comprehensive factors and make multivariate regression analysis. Through analysis for factors affecting business performance, the article provides recommendations for the road transport business managers and investors.
Abstract
KEYWORD: Road transport industry, Working capital management, Firm performance, Factor anal- ysis, Regression analysis ABSTRACT: the article selects 2013 Annual Report data, [...]
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The Key Componets Design and Research of the Projectile System of Marine Pipeline Concrete Weight Coating Production Line
L. Xu, Z. Huang, K. Zhang, S. Jing

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 340

Abstract
Due to the effect of the marine environment, the marine pipelines would drift away because of the water buoyancy when the pipeline laying and operation, as well as suffer the damage from the other external factors. Therefore, we need to coat a concrete layer on the anticorrosive pipe's surface with a certain thickness after the steel cage installed process, namely marine pipeline concrete weight coating (CWC). The concrete coating is the most important section of the marine pipeline CWC process. It's also the key to guarantee the pipe quality. Besides, the projectile device is the significant equipment of pipeline coating, and its performance would directly affect the safety, stability and reliability of coating process, as well as the CWC quality. Through the research of the projectile process at home and abroad, a new vertical projectile method has been proposed. Based on this, we design the concrete projectile system. Therein, the mechanical part of the whole projectile system has been designed. Firstly, the strength and rigidity of the key components of the projectile wheel sets have been checked with the software ANSYS. The check results meet the design requirements. The natural frequency of the projectile bench is determined by the modal analysis. And then we could find out the effect of the motor frequency acting on the resonance damage. According to the above research results, a series of improving methods have been proposed.
Abstract
Due to the effect of the marine environment, the marine pipelines would drift away because of the water buoyancy when the pipeline laying and operation, as well as suffer [...]
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Leak isolation based on Extended Kalman Filter in a plastic pipeline under temperature variations with real-data validation
J. Delgado-Aguiñaga, O. Begovich, G. Besancon

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 339

Abstract
International audience; The present work is motivated by the purpose of considering a more realistic scenario than in former studieson the problem of leak isolation within a plastic pipeline, when the water can be affected by temperature changes. In order to address this situation, a state observer approach based on a model including temperature effect and an Extended Kalman Filter is proposed. Noting indeed that temperature affects some equivalent straight length of the pipe, which is used in the model, the observer estimates it together with the leak coefficients. This approach only considers head pressure and flow rate measurements coming from pipeline ends, likewise, water temperature measurement at upstream tank. Results with real data obtained from a pipeline prototype are shown in two different ways in order to illustrate the performance of proposed leak isolation system, as compared to the traditional approaches found at literature.
Abstract
International audience; The present work is motivated by the purpose of considering a more realistic scenario than in former studieson the problem of leak isolation within [...]
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Implementation of Navigation Assistance Application for Public Transportation
S. Heinonen, S. Siira, E. Erkki

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 381

Abstract
When a human ages, the functional abilities could weaken, which can lead to isolation from the society. Applying technological aid for improving the quality of life of the elderly helps them to stay independent and active in their community across their life. This article introduces a system, which is empowering the elderly by aiding them in using public transportation in both rural and urban environments, and helps them in this way to maintain the mobility and activity. The ASSISTANT system provides a simple, yet effective, route info for user and shows only relevant information, at the right time and in the appropriate format. The system is communicating with the user via audio and visual guidance. In addition, it has an error detection functionality, which helps user in case of common navigation errors. End user evaluation performed in Helsinki (Finland), Vienna (Austria) and Donostia-San Sebastian area (Spain) confirms that the service works as intended and helps older people to use public transport by guiding them all the way from the start to the end of their journeys. The system was found to be particularly helpful on unfamiliar routes.
Abstract
When a human ages, the functional abilities could weaken, which can lead to isolation from the society. Applying technological aid for improving the quality of life of the [...]
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Transport Modelling of Citizens Evacuation
M. Šustr, R. Soušek, A. Koloničný, V. Němec

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 380

Abstract
There is presented a software product intended for evacuations by using road transport while keeping to all the binding conditions. This software displays all the points important for evacuation and its process by means of digital maps, puts out routes in dependence on extraordinary event. It is possible to manually control inputs, parameters and process of the solution. V článku je prezentován produkt určený k evakuaci pom,ocí silniční dopravy při dodržení všech vstupních podmínek. Tento produkt vyhodnocuje všechny důležité body pro evakuaci a její proces za použití prostředků jako jsou digitální mapy, průchodnost dopravní sítě v závislosti na mimořádných událostech. Pokud je to možné, jsou řízeny vstupy, parametry a proces řešení.
Abstract
There is presented a software product intended for evacuations by using road transport while keeping to all the binding conditions. This software displays all the points important [...]
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Identifying Key Issues and Potential Solutions for Integrated Arrival, Departure, Surface Operations by Surveying Stakeholder Preferences
Y. Jung, B. Aponso, R. Coppenbarger, N. O’Connor, G. Lohr, S. Engelland, L. Quon

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 338

Abstract
NASA’s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD) collaborates with the FAA and industry to provide concepts and technologies that enhance the transition to the nextgeneration air-traffic management system (NextGen). To facilitate this collaboration, ARMD has a series of Airspace Technology Demonstration (ATD) sub-projects that develop, demonstrate, and transitions NASA technologies and concepts for implementation in the National Airspace System (NAS). The second of these sub-projects, ATD-2, is focused on the potential benefits to NAS stakeholders of integrated arrival, departure, surface (IADS) operations. To determine the project objectives and assess the benefits of a potential solution, NASA surveyed NAS stakeholders to understand the existing issues in arrival, departure, and surface operations, and the perceived benefits of better integrating these operations. NASA surveyed a broad cross-section of stakeholders representing the airlines, airports, air-navigation service providers, and industry providers of NAS tools. The survey indicated that improving the predictability of flight times (schedules) could improve efficiency in arrival, departure, and surface operations. Stakeholders also mentioned the need for better strategic and tactical information on traffic constraints as well as better information sharing and a coupled collaborative planning process that allows stakeholders to coordinate IADS operations. To assess the impact of a potential solution, NASA sketched an initial departure scheduling concept and assessed its viability by surveying a select group of stakeholders for a second time. The objective of the departure scheduler was to enable flights to move continuously from gate to cruise with minimal interruption in a busy metroplex airspace environment using strategic and tactical scheduling enhanced by collaborative planning between airlines and service providers. The stakeholders agreed that this departure concept could improve schedule predictability and suggested several key attributes that were necessary to make the concept successful. The goals and objectives of the planned ATD-2 sub-project will incorporate the results of this stakeholder feedback.
Abstract
NASA’s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD) collaborates with the FAA and industry to provide concepts and technologies that enhance the transition to the nextgeneration [...]
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Design of Intelligent Transportation System based on Hadoop
Z. Mu, J. Hu, J. Yin

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 337

Abstract
The rapid development of urban transport, while give people more and more convenient, have appeared in the urban traffic pressure is too large and cannot be efficient use of transport resources. In the face of very large scale travel, It has been the target of urban intelligent traffic system which can accurate and timely analysis of traffic status and traffic induced service for travelers to provide quality. This paper introduced the concept of "big data". The traffic data and to calculate is concentrated in the database. The use of graphs of the Hadoop distributed computing framework to flow processing of traffic data. The data processing platform packaging will be released to service into a whole and treated with distributed platform framework to ensure the timeliness and high fault tolerance. Introduction Car networking refers to through a variety of wireless communication technology, to realize information sharing of all the vehicle state information (including attribute information and static and dynamic information, etc.) and road traffic environment information (include the information of road infrastructure, traffic conditions, service information). According to the different functional requirements of all the vehicles running condition for effective supervision and comprehensive services, Car networking can be achieved with the car, car and road, the car and the exchange of information between people. It can help achieve "dialogue" between people, vehicle and road. Like the Internet connects every single computer, car networking can have independent car together. With development of advanced sensor technology, network technology, computing technology, control technology, intelligent technology, and car networking can achieved the comprehensive perception on the road and traffic, large scope, large capacity data between multiple systems of interaction. For every car traffic control all the way, on every road traffic control of time and space, give priority to in order to provide the traffic efficiency and traffic safety of network and application. Intelligent traffic originated by the information technology such as simulation, real-time control and communication network to solve the urban traffic congestion to try. Traffic congestion has become due to the worldwide problem of urbanization and motorization, and cause the low efficiency of traffic facilities, air pollution and fuel consumption increase. The outstanding characteristic of intelligent transportation is information collection, processing, distribution, exchange, analysis, and used as the main line, the diversity of service for the traffic participants and managers. With the popularization of vehicle-mounted mobile terminals, and other mobile devices, and application of sensor network technology, using mobile devices to access social network has gradually become the mainstream. At the same time, the use of GPS, mobile phone, mobile terminals provide activities such as public transportation card path information; can be predicted for some event or to infrastructure solutions such as rationality assessment. Mobile social network has brought a lot of research and application of new opportunities, such as location services, taxi abnormal trajectory recognition and detection, the optimal taxi passenger search strategy, etc. This thesis is based on vehicle networking platform, combined with the increasingly mature mobile social network for urban intelligent transportation provides basic data and information services. Is 5th International Conference on Education, Management, Information and Medicine (EMIM 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 516 mainly the related applications for motorists, and between different manufacturers of equipment, cannot connect between the acquisition didn't get the Shared data and to provide information services, car network still has a lot of a relatively independent private network with each other. If build a unified and open car networking, if you have not only the same brand, between different brands of cyclists can also establish a repeat information sharing and communication between, at the same time, car networking information will also be able to provide car free family data and services, to bring people's transportation is convenient. The main three scenario of the application has the following: (1) The bus stop, waiting for the car passenger login system, can check through the site bus routes, you can view all really moving vehicles on a route location, speed, and expected time of arrival in the site. (2) The outer car free people want to go back, must find appropriate traffic tools, at that time he can have three options. The first is through the system search nearby friends, driving out contact if they can get on the ride back, relying on the mobile social network. The second is search in no-load condition near the taxi, contact the driver come here they have. And the third is driving a bus to bus station to check the data on the bus. (3) The driver met traffic accident and traffic accident dispute, can take advantage of the system quickly contact in the nearby friends rushed to the scene, to help deal with related affairs. Leaving car owners also can monitor the movement of the vehicle and location information. System Architecture Enterprise Architect is a powerful tool for specifying, documenting and building your software and business process projects. Using Enterprise Architect's support for UML and its related standards, you can model new complex software and business systems, or visualize and maintain existing systems. Figure 1. System structure diagram As it can be seen from Figure 1, all kinds of vehicles will be obtained from GPS satellite positioning information through the mobile Internet upload to server, all kinds of mobile client is also through the mobile Internet access to relevant information of the vehicle from the server. Finally realize if you have Cluster server Mobile Internet Taxi equipment Bus equipment Private cars equipmen
Abstract
The rapid development of urban transport, while give people more and more convenient, have appeared in the urban traffic pressure is too large and cannot be efficient use [...]
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Methodology to Define Delivery Accuracy Under Current Day ATC Operations
S. Sharma, J. Robinson

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 336

Abstract
In order to enable arrival management concepts and solutions in a NextGen environment, groundbased sequencing and scheduling functions have been developed to support metering operations in the National Airspace System. These sequencing and scheduling algorithms and tools are designed to aid air traffic controllers to develop an overall arrival strategy. The ground systems being developed will support the management of aircraft to their Scheduled Times of Arrival (STAs) at flow-constrained meter points. This paper presents a methodology for determining the undelayed delivery accuracy for current day air traffic control operations. The new method supports the definition of metrics that will allow near-future ground automation tools to successfully achieve desired separation at meter points, enabling aircraft to meet their STAs while performing Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) procedures in the terminal area. The research develops metrics for estimating the undelayed delivery accuracy of arrival flights as they cross the arrival meter fix. The metric is based on measurement of delivery performance and analysis of Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) accuracy for the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) Time-Based Flow Management (TBFM) system. This method utilizes a wide set of data from the Operational TMA/TBFM Repository (OTTR) system, which processes raw data collected by the FAA from operational TBFM systems. A large data set was used which consisted of all the traffic across a two month period in 2013, the hottest and coldest months, arriving into four airports: George Bush Intercontinental Airport, Denver International Airport, Los Angeles International Airport, and Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport. The new method of automated analysis provides a repeatable evaluation of undelayed delay metrics for current day traffic, new releases of TBFM, enhancements to TBFM, and across different airspace environments.
Abstract
In order to enable arrival management concepts and solutions in a NextGen environment, groundbased sequencing and scheduling functions have been developed to support metering [...]
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Auctions for congestion management in distribution grids
R. Philipsen, L. Vries, M. Weerdt

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 378

Abstract
Large controllable loads, such as electric vehicles, are increasingly penetrating electricity distribution feeders. To avoid local congestion, their consumption behaviour must be steered, for which a real-time price propagated down from the transmission system does not suffice, as it does not reflect local grid conditions. To efficiently steer the charging of EVs by multiple self-interested parties, we propose an auction framework which accounts for local grid conditions, the limited flexibility of EVs, and the uncertainty inherent to small-scale networks. We formulate the EV charging problem as a job scheduling problem for self-interested aggregators, and auction network capacity"br/"for discrete time slots using sequentially-cleared auctions, which run in parallel. We simulate this auction on a local network using realistic data for EV driving behaviour and network capacity, showing this method leads to feasible allocations which are fairer in case one party is weaker than the other due to size or information asymmetry.
Abstract
Large controllable loads, such as electric vehicles, are increasingly penetrating electricity distribution feeders. To avoid local congestion, their consumption behaviour [...]
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TSP model for electric vehicle deliveries, considering speed, loading and road grades
M. Bay, S. Limbourg

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 335

Abstract
The objective usually considered in sustainable transportation is to minimize pollution due to emissions, and equivalently energy consumption. Turning to electric mobility, pollution is related to electricity production technology, not considered in this research; driving range is the major concern nowadays, due to the limited capacity of batteries and long recharge times . Maximizing the driving range or the level of energy (state of charge of the battery) at destination leads to consider the main factors of energy consumption which are : vehicle weight, engine efficiency and consumption models, drive speed and acceleration, drive pattern, road grade, and payload. We define the electric vehicle travelling salesman problem (EV-TSP) and the electric vehicle routing problem (E-VRP) based on the classical TSP and on the Pollution Routing Problem (PRP) and present models and preliminary results for those problems. Peer reviewed
Abstract
The objective usually considered in sustainable transportation is to minimize pollution due to emissions, and equivalently energy consumption. Turning to electric mobility, [...]
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Tariffs Formation on oil transportation
I. Grivtsova, T. Glyzina, Y. Kolbysheva, N. Dmitrieva

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 376

Abstract
Oil transportation via trunk pipelines is an important part of the oil industry's activity. The main instrument of tariff regulation is the method of tariffs formation. Three methods of tariffs formation such as the method of economically justified costs (the Cost plus method), the method of economically justified return on investment capital (the RAB method), and the method of tariffs indexation were considered.
Abstract
Oil transportation via trunk pipelines is an important part of the oil industry's activity. The main instrument of tariff regulation is the method of tariffs formation. Three [...]
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Electric-solar boats: an option for sustainable river transportation in the Ecuadorian Amazon
J. Ordoñez, J. Espinoza, J. Jara-Alvear, F. Guamán

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 333

Abstract
y to the Ecuadorian Amazonian region is critical due to its high level of isolation and lack of infrastructure, which restricts people’s mobility to long walks, river boats, small planes or a combination of them. Building roads in the Amazon region will expedite accessibility and socio-economic development; however it has a high environmental impact. Finding alternative solutions for transportation without endangering the Amazon ecosystem is a challenge for sustainability. Using the extensive network of rivers in the Amazon is becoming a potential solution for transportation. However, this mean of mobility faces its own drawbacks related to fuel cost and availability, environmental impacts and fuel smuggling through the border impacting national security. Electric canoes coupled with renewable energy systems represent an alternative that has been successfully applied in several parts of the world, including Galapagos-Ecuador. Therefore, this paper aims to present a technical-economic analysis of solar canoes to be used in rivers of the southern part of the Ecuadorian Amazonian where more than 500 indigenous families live. These communities now have electricity, through individual photovoltaic systems from the “Yatsa Ii Etsari” project developed by the local utility. The results show that solar canoes are a technical and economical option for autonomous navigation up to 4 hours, representing a sustainable alternative for river transportation in the Ecuadorian Amazon.
Abstract
y to the Ecuadorian Amazonian region is critical due to its high level of isolation and lack of infrastructure, which restricts people’s mobility to long walks, river boats, [...]
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The On-Site Analysis of the Cherenkov Telescope Array
A. Bulgarelli, V. Fioretti, S. Lombardi, G. Tosti, S. Bergamaschi, D. Beneventano, G. Lamanna, J. Jacquemier, K. Kosack, L. Antonelli, C. Boisson, J. Borkowski, A. Zoli, S. Buson, A. Carosi, V. Conforti, P. Colomé, R. de los Reyes, J. Dumm, P. Evans, L. Fortson, M. Fuessling, D. Gotz, A. Aboudan, R. Graciani, F. Gianotti, P. Grandi, J. Hinton, B. Humensky, S. Inoue, J. Knödlseder, T. Flour, R. Lindemann, G. Malaguti, J. Rodríguez-Vázquez, S. Markoff, M. Marisaldi, N. Neyroud, L. Nicastro, S. Ohm, J. Osborne, I. Oya, J. Rodriguez, S. Rosen, M. Ribo, G. De Cesare, A. Tacchini, F. Schüssler, T. Stolarczyk, E. Torresi, V. Testa, P. Wegner, A. Consortium, C. Consortium, A. De Rosa, G. Maier, E. Lyard, D. Bastieri

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 332

Abstract
The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) observatory will be one of the largest ground-based very high-energy gamma-ray observatories. The On-Site Analysis will be the first CTA scientific analysis of data acquired from the array of telescopes, in both northern and southern sites. The On-Site Analysis will have two pipelines: the Level-A pipeline (also known as Real-Time Analysis, RTA) and the level-B one. The RTA performs data quality monitoring and must be able to issue automated alerts on variable and transient astrophysical sources within 30 seconds from the last acquired Cherenkov event that contributes to the alert, with a sensitivity not worse than the one achieved by the final pipeline by more than a factor of 3. The Level-B Analysis has a better sensitivity (not be worse than the final one by a factor of 2) and the results should be available within 10 hours from the acquisition of the data: for this reason this analysis could be performed at the end of an observation or next morning. The latency (in particular for the RTA) and the sensitivity requirements are challenging because of the large data rate, a few GByte/s. The remote connection to the CTA candidate site with a rather limited network bandwidth makes the issue of the exported data size extremely critical and prevents any kind of processing in real-time of the data outside the site of the telescopes. For these reasons the analysis will be performed on-site with infrastructures co-located with the telescopes, with limited electrical power availability and with a reduced possibility of human intervention. This means, for example, that the on-site hardware infrastructure should have low-power consumption. A substantial effort towards the optimization of high-throughput computing service is envisioned to provide hardware and software solutions with high-throughput, low-power consumption at a low-cost. Comment: In Proceedings of the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2015), The Hague, The Netherlands. All CTA contributions at arXiv:1508.05894
Abstract
The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) observatory will be one of the largest ground-based very high-energy gamma-ray observatories. The On-Site Analysis will be the first CTA [...]
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Application of Data Mining in Air Traffic Forecasting
E. Alonso, J. Busquets, A. Evans

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 330

Abstract
The main goal of the study centers on developing a model for the purpose of air traffic forecasting by using off-the-shelf data mining and machine learning techniques. Although data driven modeling has been extensively applied in the aviation sector, little research has been done in the area of air traffic forecasting. This study is inspired by previous research focused on improving the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Terminal Area Forecasting (TAF) methodology, which historically assumed that the US air transportation system (ATS) network structure was static. Recent developments use data mining algorithms to predict the likelihood of previously un-connected airport-pairs being connected in the future, and the likelihood of connected airport-pairs becoming un-connected. Despite the innovation of this research, it does not focus on improving the FAA’s existing methodology for forecasting future air traffic levels on existing routes, which is based on relatively simple regression and growth models. We investigate different approaches for improving and developing new features within the existing data mining applications in air traffic forecasting. We focus particularly on predicting detailed traffic information for the US ATS. Initially, a 2-stage log-log model is applied to establish the significance of different inputs and to identify issues of endogeneity and multi-colinearity, while maintaining the simplicity of current models. Although the model shows high goodness of fit, it tested positive for both mentioned issues as well as presenting problems with causality. With the objective of solving these issues, a 3-stage model that is under development is introduced. This model employs logistic regression and discrete choice modelling. As part of future work, machine learning techniques such as clustering and neural networks will be applied to improve this model’s performance.
Abstract
The main goal of the study centers on developing a model for the purpose of air traffic forecasting by using off-the-shelf data mining and machine learning techniques. Although [...]
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Incident Detection by Spatiotemporal Analysis of GPS Data
E. D'Andrea, F. Marcelloni

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 372

Abstract
We present a system to detect incidents causing traffic congestion in the road network by analyzing real-time GPS data. These data are collected from tracking devices installed in the vehicles or from drivers' smartphones. After positioning the GPS coordinates on the road map, the system assigns a traffic state to each road segment based on the velocities of vehicles, and generates alerts for incident based on a spatiotemporal analysis of these states. The system is validated by using GPS data simulated in typical traffic conditions in the city of Pisa, Italy. The results show an incident detection rate of 91.6% and an average detection time shorter than 7 minutes.
Abstract
We present a system to detect incidents causing traffic congestion in the road network by analyzing real-time GPS data. These data are collected from tracking devices installed [...]
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Traffic Engineering enforcement in multi-domain SDN orchestration of Multi-Layer (packet/optical) networks
R. Muñoz, A. Mayoral, R. Martinez, R. Vilalta, R. Casellas

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 327

Abstract
We introduce an SDN orchestration architecture to enable the introduction of E2E TE policies in a multi-domain, multi-layer network scenario. The ABNO is used as reference architecture for the SDN orchestration of packet/optical SDN controllers using Flow Service Classification. Grant numbers : EC's to the Spanish MINECO project FARO (TEC2012-38119).© 2015 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. Document type: Conference object
Abstract
We introduce an SDN orchestration architecture to enable the introduction of E2E TE policies in a multi-domain, multi-layer network scenario. The ABNO is used as reference [...]
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Indoor localization of vehicles using Deep Learning
D. Becker, I. Radusch, B. Schaufele, A. Kumar, O. Sawade

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 371

Abstract
Modern vehicles are equipped with numerous driver assistance and telematics functions, such as Turn-by-Turn navigation. Most of these systems rely on precise positioning of the vehicle. While Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are available outdoors, these systems fail in indoor environments such as a car-park or a tunnel. Alternatively, the vehicle can localize itself with landmark-based positioning and internal car sensors, yet this is not only costly but also requires precise knowledge of the enclosed area. Instead, our approach is to use infrastructure-based positioning. Here, we utilize off-the shelf cameras mounted in the car-park and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Communication to allow all vehicles to obtain an indoor position given from an infrastructure-based localization service. Our approach uses a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with Deep Learning to identify and localize vehicles in a car-park. We thus enable position-based Driver Assistance Systems (DAS) and telematics in an underground facility. We compare the novel Deep Learning classifier to a conventional classifier using Haar-like features.
Abstract
Modern vehicles are equipped with numerous driver assistance and telematics functions, such as Turn-by-Turn navigation. Most of these systems rely on precise positioning of [...]
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The Occurrence Mechanism of Air Traffic Control Hazards and Its Control Method
H. Cui, X. Wang, J. Yang

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 326

Abstract
With the rapid development of China's civil aviation industry and the increasing amount of air traffic flow, as one of the main security and civil aviation system, civil aviation system is facing new challenges. This paper discusses the impact of the system: human, mechanical, environmental and other factors that affect the air traffic control system security, analyze the three main components of air traffic control areas: man, machine and environment (airspace control room environment and microenvironment) for air traffic control system affect security; Based on accident causation theory, this paper analyzes the mechanism of ATC unsafe events.
Abstract
With the rapid development of China's civil aviation industry and the increasing amount of air traffic flow, as one of the main security and civil aviation system, civil aviation [...]
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Distribution Grid Services and Flexibility Provision by Electric Vehicles: a Review of Options
P. Codani, K. Knezovic, Y. Perez, M. Marinelli

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 325

Abstract
International audience; Due to the increasing penetration of distributed generation and new high-power consumption loads – such as electric vehicles (EVs) – distribution system operators (DSO) are facing new grid security challenges. DSOs have historically dealt with such issues by making investments in grid reinforcement. However, an alternative solution, enabled by the expected roll-out of smart meters and high penetration of flexible loads, would be the increased use of flexibility services. Flexible loads, with EVs at their forefront, can modulate their consumption or even inject power back to the grid depending on current grid conditions. In return, flexibility provision should be remunerated accordingly. In this paper, the authors are interested in making an accurate description of the flexibility services at the distribution level which could be provided by EVs as well as their requirements, e.g. location, activation time and duration. Market design recommendations for enhancing the provision of DSO grid services by EVs are derived from the conducted analysis.
Abstract
International audience; Due to the increasing penetration of distributed generation and new high-power consumption loads – such as electric vehicles (EVs) – distribution [...]
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An Automated Electric Vehicle Prototype Showing New Trends in Automotive Architectures
S. Sommer, A. Zirkler, J. Frtunikj, M. Armbruster, A. Knoll, K. Becker, A. Marek, C. Klein, M. Buechel, C. Buckl

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 324

Abstract
The automotive domain is challenged by the increasing importance of Information Technology (IT) based functions. To show the possibilities of modern IT systems, a demonstrator car was developed in RACE (Robust and Reliant Automotive Computing Environment for Future eCars) based on a completely redesigned E/E architecture, which supports the integration of mixed-criticality components and offers features like PlugaPlay. This paper presents the architecture and components of this vehicle prototype, which is equipped with modern systems such as Steer-by-Wire without mechanical fallback. It was designed to support future driver assistance systems, e.g. to carry out autonomous parking maneuvers onto an inductive charging station, a task, which is hard to achieve accurately enough for a human driver. Therefore, a special emphasis lies on the description of the sensor set for automated operation.
Abstract
The automotive domain is challenged by the increasing importance of Information Technology (IT) based functions. To show the possibilities of modern IT systems, a demonstrator [...]
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Adaptive Air Traffic with Big Data Analysis
A. Rantrua, S. Chabrier, M. Gleizes

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 323

Abstract
International audience; Air traffic generators are widely used in the air traffic control and aeronautics industry for training purposes and to validate new concepts or new systems. But it is difficult for a machine to generate realistic trajectories and behavior for an aircraft which lead to the participation of many humans in the simulation to compensate. Traditional generators require performance data for aircrafts and heavy preparation to generate realistic trajectories. Our approach takes advantage of widespread flight location data to learn from their behavior and improve traffic generation. Combining cooperative multi-agent learning methods [1] and big data we show that it is possible to design and generate a realistic and intelligent traffic more easily and without human intervention.
Abstract
International audience; Air traffic generators are widely used in the air traffic control and aeronautics industry for training purposes and to validate new concepts or new [...]
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Bayesian Perception and Decision for Intelligent Mobility (Invited Talk)
C. Laugier

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 322

Abstract
International audience; New technologies for Intelligent Vehicles will be presented, with an emphasis on multisensors Embedded Perception, Situation Awareness & Collision Risk Assessment, and Decision making for safe navigation and maneuvering. It will be shown that Bayesian approaches are mandatory for developing these technologies and for obtaining the required robustness in presence of uncertainty and complex traffic situations. Results obtained with Toyota and Renault will be presented.
Abstract
International audience; New technologies for Intelligent Vehicles will be presented, with an emphasis on multisensors Embedded Perception, Situation Awareness & Collision [...]
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Real-time traffic congestion detection based on frame difference function and virtual loop
Z. Zeng, F. Liu, R. Jiang

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 321

Abstract
Traffic congestion has become one of the major concerns of policy-makers in modern metropolises. Accurate real-time traffic congestion alert is of great importance for alleviating congestion. In this paper, we propose a fast, unsupervised, video-based approach using average frame difference function (AFDF) and virtual loop to identify real-time traffic congestion. This novel method calculates the frame differences of specified order in a loop area to determine the speed of the vehicles. The proposed method has been integrated in the intelligent transport system (ITS) of Wuhan City, China for testing, and results show that the method is efficient and robust for real-time traffic congestion detection.. Introduction As the biggest city in Central China with more than 1.7 million vehicles registered, Wuhan is suffering from severe traffic congestion problems like many of the other big cities of the developing nation. The demands for traffic congestion alert is urgent for traffic management. Besides, accurate and real-time traffic information including the traffic congestion status is one of the fundamental parts of ITS. In this paper, we focus only on the status of traffic congestion, which means that the output of the proposed method is whether the traffic is congested or not in a certain lane section. The algorithm can be easily applied to multi-lanes applications. Many researchers have dedicated their effort to construct the congestion detection algorithm in recent years. Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) methods such as [1] and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) methods such as [2] both require the on board units or sensors which make it less feasible and efficient when huge numbers of vehicles are taken into account. Compared with V2I or V2V, video-based approaches are less expensive and is easy to maintain. Most of the existing video-based approaches [3-6] have not kept a good balance between accuracy and real-time performance. In this paper, we combine the concept of virtual loop which is inspired by magnetic loop sensor [7] and a modified frame difference method to detect traffic congestion. This method only requires a day-night infrared camera that is able to work 24 hours a day and a computer that has the access to the camera. It is rather cheap and is easy to maintain. And it only engages small amount of pixel-wise calculation which ensures the system’s ability to run with a great speed. Tests show that the method responses quickly and the accuracy of congestion detection is satisfactorily high. Virtual loop and average frame difference function The average frame difference function (AFDF). It stands to reason that traffic congestion can be interpreted as a state that little difference exists between adjacent frames, which makes frame difference a potential criteria for traffic congestion identification. Instead of calculating the whole frame, a user-defined virtual loop is used for calculation, which is shown in Fig. 1. The camera is mounted up above the one-way road, and at the bottom of each lane a virtual loop is defined. The red rectangles are virtual loops, and yellow envelops are the corresponding region of interest (ROIs) of three different lanes. When the traffic status of each of the lanes is known, then the Joint International Mechanical, Electronic and Information Technology Conference (JIMET 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 670 traffic status of the whole road can be determined. Thus the point of detecting congestion is to determine the state of each single lane which can be inferred from the changes of AFDF. The nth order AFDF is defined as follows: f(i) = mean{[I(i) − I(i − n)]loop} (1) I(i) is the ith frame of the video. The subscript loop means the ROI regions of the calculation. The region out of the loop will not be considered. mean is the average operator. We calculate the f(i) for all the frames behind the nth frame. Fig. 2 is obtained by calculating the AFDF in the region of the middle loop after every 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 frames with respect to frame time. The source frames are converted to gray images for calculation and essential preprocessing actions such as image smoothing and image de-nosing have been applied to the frames. The source video is about 50s long. The video starts with a normal traffic state and then falls into a traffic jam till the end. As the video shows, three vehicles intrude the area of the virtual loop and the former two leave immediately except that the speed of the first vehicle is much bigger than the second one. The third vehicle leaves at about 25 seconds later and another one drives in in one or two seconds. Then almost no vehicles move. Figure 1. Virtual loops and ROIs Figure 2. AFDF of different orders As Fig. 2 shows, the whole actual process has a strong connection with the AFDF especially the 3rd and the higher order AFDFs. The basic point is, higher values of AFDF indicate good traffic conditions and the values below a certain level correspond to congestion or free road. There is no denying the AFDF is a good indicator of whether the vehicles are floating. And after a thoroughgoing study of the results shown in Fig 2, there are some basic verdicts about the AFDF that can be concluded: • The move of vehicles produces an impulse-like change in the AFDF in all orders while the period of traffic jam corresponds to the flat area of the function. • First order AFDF is sensitive to fast moving vehicles but is very dull to slow ones. The boundary between congestion and free traffic is sharply clear. But mistakes exist when vehicles move a very small distance in congested traffic. • The response of higher order AFDF to slow changes in the video is stronger than that of the first orders’. Higher order brings higher detail resolution. We can even find the exact time that a vehicle drives into or out of the virtual loop from the sixth order AFDF. • The fourth order AFDF is so different from the other orders’. It has strong response to fast moving vehicles than the lower-orders’ and preserves a relative high detail resolution.
Abstract
Traffic congestion has become one of the major concerns of policy-makers in modern metropolises. Accurate real-time traffic congestion alert is of great importance for alleviating [...]
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Self-Organized Model Predictive Control for Air Traffic Management
F. Asadi, A. Richards

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 320

Abstract
In this paper a distributed model predictive control has been proposed for air traffic management problem in which aircraft use optimization to determine their own flight trajectories. The coordination approach of Self-organized Time Division Multiple Access is used to ensure no two aircraft re-plan their trajectories simultaneously. Unlike existing distributed predictive control, which needs a pre-organized optimizing sequence, this new approach requires no central coordination. By also terminating every trajectory with a loitering circle, recursive feasibility and constraint satisfaction, especially separation, can be guaranteed.
Abstract
In this paper a distributed model predictive control has been proposed for air traffic management problem in which aircraft use optimization to determine their own flight [...]
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A heuristic model of bounded route choice in urban areas
T. Cheng, S. Orr, E. Manley

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 319

Abstract
There is substantial evidence to indicate that route choice in urban areas is complex cognitive process, conducted under uncertainty and formed on partial perspectives. Yet, conventional route choice models continue make simplistic assumptions around the nature of human cognitive ability, memory and preference. In this paper, a novel framework for route choice in urban areas is introduced, aiming to more accurately reflect the uncertain, bounded nature of route choice decision making. Two main advances are introduced. The first involves the definition of a hierarchical model of space representing the relationship between urban features and human cognition, combining findings from both the extensive previous literature on spatial cognition and a large route choice dataset. The second advance involves the development of heuristic rules for route choice decisions, building upon the hierarchical model of urban space. The heuristics describe the process by which quick, ‘good enough’ decisions are made when individuals are faced with uncertainty. This element of the model is once more constructed and parameterised according to findings from prior research and the trends identified within a large routing dataset. The paper outlines the implementation of the framework within a real-world context, validating the results against observed behaviours. Conclusions are offered as to the extension and improvement of this approach, outlining its potential as an alternative to other route choice modelling frameworks. Document type: Article
Abstract
There is substantial evidence to indicate that route choice in urban areas is complex cognitive process, conducted under uncertainty and formed on partial perspectives. Yet, [...]
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Electro-thermal model of lithium-ion batteries for electrified vehicles applications
O. Briat, P. Gyan, I. Baghdadi, A. Eddahech, J. Vinassa

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 318

Abstract
International audience; Lithium batteries are key solutions for sustainable energies storage and particularly interesting for green transportation. Vehicle manufacturers are making a clear transition to a more efficient and ecofriendly transport. In fact, Battery Management Systems (BMS) are crucial for a safe and optimized use of these energy storage systems. This article presents an accurate dynamic electro-thermal model for lithium batteries, designed for high power applications. The model has been implemented using MATLAB (Simulink) and parameters were obtained from experiments. Most parameters depend on current, temperature, and Battery State of Charge (SOC). The accuracy of this model is tested under different operating conditions (static and dynamic current profiles) and simulations are in agreement with experimental results, even after twenty hours of test.
Abstract
International audience; Lithium batteries are key solutions for sustainable energies storage and particularly interesting for green transportation. Vehicle manufacturers are [...]
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Network issues in virtual machine migration
H. Afifi, H. Ibn-Khedher, E. Abd-Elrahman, J. Forestier

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 317

Abstract
Software Defined Networking (SDN) is based basically on three features: centralization of the control plane, programmability of network functions and traffic engineering. The network function migration poses interesting problems that we try to expose and solve in this paper. Content Distribution Network virtualization is presented as use case. Comment: 6 pages, 8 figure
Abstract
Software Defined Networking (SDN) is based basically on three features: centralization of the control plane, programmability of network functions and traffic engineering. [...]
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A Wavelet Analysis Approach for Categorizing Air Traffic Behavior
K. Sheth, M. Drew

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 316

Abstract
In this paper two frequency domain techniques are applied to air traffic analysis. The Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT), like the Fourier Transform, is shown to identify changes in historical traffic patterns caused by Traffic Management Initiatives (TMIs) and weather with the added benefit of detecting when in time those changes take place. Next, with the expectation that it could detect anomalies in the network and indicate the extent to which they affect traffic flows, the Spectral Graph Wavelet Transform (SGWT) is applied to a center based graph model of air traffic. When applied to simulations based on historical flight plans, it identified the traffic flows between centers that have the greatest impact on either neighboring flows, or flows between centers many centers away. Like the CWT, however, it can be difficult to interpret SGWT results and relate them to simulations where major TMIs are implemented, and more research may be warranted in this area. These frequency analysis techniques can detect off-nominal air traffic behavior, but due to the nature of air traffic time series data, so far they prove difficult to apply in a way that provides significant insight or specific identification of traffic patterns.
Abstract
In this paper two frequency domain techniques are applied to air traffic analysis. The Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT), like the Fourier Transform, is shown to identify [...]
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Exploring early and late ALUs for single-issue in-order pipelines
A. Bardizbanyan, P. Larsson-Edefors

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 315

Abstract
In-order processors are key components in energy-efficient embedded systems. One important design aspect of inorder pipelines is the sequence of pipeline stages: First, the position of the execute stage, in which arithmetic logic unit (ALU) operations and branch prediction are handled, impacts the number of stall cycles that are caused by data dependencies between data memory instructions and their consuming instructions and by address generation instructions that depend on an ALU result. Second, the position of the ALU inside the pipeline impacts the branch penalty. This paper considers the question on how to best make use of ALU resources inside a single-issue in-order pipeline. We begin by analyzing which is the most efficient way of placing a single ALU in an in-order pipeline. We then go on to evaluate what is the most efficient way to make use of two ALUs, one early and one late ALU, which is a technique that has revitalized commercial in-order processors in recent years. Our architectural simulations, which are based on 20 MiBench and 7 SPEC2000 integer benchmarks and a 65-nm postlayout netlist of a complete pipeline, show that utilizing two ALUs in different stages of the pipeline gives better performance and energy efficiency than any other pipeline configuration with a single ALU.
Abstract
In-order processors are key components in energy-efficient embedded systems. One important design aspect of inorder pipelines is the sequence of pipeline stages: First, the [...]
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An Evaluation Methodology for VANET Applications Combining Simulation and Multi-sensor Experiments
D. Seydel, J. Pfeiffer, J. Jiru, B. Eissfeller, S. Bittl, K. Frankl, H. Beckmann

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 362

Abstract
Wireless vehicular networks are in the wake of mass deployment both in Europe and the USA. These networks introduce a new promising source of information about vehicular environments usable by cooperative advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). However, development and evaluation of such ADAS is still challenging. Thus, we propose a methodology for their development and evaluation process. It is applied to evaluate the fulfillment of requirements on position accuracy information within the communicated data sets. Accuracy requirements are only roughly defined and not sufficiently evaluated in real world environments. This holds especially for GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) optimized for maximum integrity of obtained positions, which is required for safety critical ADAS to increase robustness and reliability. Our main goal is to determine whether position accuracy provided by GNSS is sufficient for cooperative ADAS. Thereby, we find that pure GNSS input cannot fulfill position accuracy requirements in most test cases.
Abstract
Wireless vehicular networks are in the wake of mass deployment both in Europe and the USA. These networks introduce a new promising source of information about vehicular environments [...]
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Think different: how we completely changed the visualization of Pseudo-Pilots
J. Imbert, C. Hurter, Y. Jestin

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 314

Abstract
International audience; During their initial and on-the-job training, air traffic controllers communicate with human operators called pseudo-pilots who act as pilots for several simulated aircraft. With the expected increase in air traffic, a significantly higher number of aircraft will be handled during the simulations. The existing tools and working methods of the pseudo-pilots do not allow them to handle more traffic without increasing the number of operators. The increase in the number of pseudo-pilots induces problems of cost, logistics and collaboration (distribution of traffic and radio frequency congestion). This article describes the design process and improvement of a pseudo-pilot HMI which led us to a radical change of both the visualization and the interaction. This user centered process aims to optimize visualization, effectiveness of interaction and the level of realism of the simulations. We also integrated in a seamless and robust way voice recognition in the visualization.
Abstract
International audience; During their initial and on-the-job training, air traffic controllers communicate with human operators called pseudo-pilots who act as pilots for several [...]
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The Establishment of AHP-Fuzzy Model for Comprehensive Evaluation of �City Obesity� Degree
S. Xiang, X. Li

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 313

Abstract
With the increasingly rapid urbanization process in China, there is an urban disease called "City Obesity" which can hinder the normal and fast development of the city. Symptoms are the rapid urban population growth, too much traffic congestion, and the deepening social conflicts and so on. In this paper, the various elements of the city are attributed to the city's "nine systems" as a person which has nine systems too. Firstly, the comprehensive assessment evaluation index system of "City Obesity" degree is established, then put forward the evaluation model of "City Obesity" degree based on AHP-Fuzzy, which provides the theoretic guidance on evaluating "City Obesity" degree. At the end of this paper, through application analysis, we explain this model how to use in actual problems.
Abstract
With the increasingly rapid urbanization process in China, there is an urban disease called "City Obesity" which can hinder the normal and fast development of the city. Symptoms [...]
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Scalable Multidimensional Uncertainty Evaluation Approach to Strategic Air Traffic Flow Management
Y. Wan, J. Xie

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 312

Abstract
Convective weather events cause capacity reduction in the National Airspace System (NAS), and lead to traffic congestion. To mitigate congestion, strategic air traffic flow management plans traffic flows at a long look-ahead time (2-15 hour). Planning at this timeframe is challenging, due to the wide possibility of weather events and requirement for real-time management. To conquer these challenges, we need an approach to quickly assess the impact of predicted weather events on the performance of air traffic system. In this paper, we use a scalable multidimensional uncertainty evaluation approach, called M-PCM-OFFD, to address this problem. Simulation studies show the effectiveness of this approach for the performance evaluation of air traffic system. In addition, we investigate further capability of M-PCM-OFFD through exploring higher-level OFFDs. Finally, we introduce an uncertainty-exploiting framework to enable real-time strategic air traffic management under weather uncertainty.
Abstract
Convective weather events cause capacity reduction in the National Airspace System (NAS), and lead to traffic congestion. To mitigate congestion, strategic air traffic flow [...]
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Modified coupled map car-following model by considering the effect of multiple preceding vehicles
K. Zhang, T. Zhou

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 311
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Achieving Energy Efficiency: An Energy-Aware Approach in SDN
C. Cervello-Pastor, L. Ochoa-Aday, A. Fernández-Fernández

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 358

Abstract
hieving energy efficiency has recently become an essential aim of networking research due to the ever increasing power consumption and CO2 emissions generated by large data networks. For this problem, the emerging paradigm of Software-Defined Networks (SDN) can be seen as an attractive solution. In these networks an energy-aware routing model could be easily implemented leveraging the control and data plane separation. This paper addresses the problem of optimizing the power consumption in SDN using an energy-aware traffic engineering approach that minimizes the number of links that can be used to satisfy a given traffic demand. Different from previous works, we focus on optimizing energy consumption in OpenFlow networks with in-band control traffic. Our approach also considers performance constraints that are crucial in the correct operation of SDN, such as bounded delay for the control plane traffic and load balance between controllers. First, we present a complete formulation of the optimization problem involving the routing requirements for control and data plane communications. To reduce the time complexity of our model in large-scale topologies we derive a heuristic algorithm. Significant values of energy saving (up to 60%) are reached in the simulations using real topologies and demands data. Peer Reviewed
Abstract
hieving energy efficiency has recently become an essential aim of networking research due to the ever increasing power consumption and CO2 emissions generated by large data [...]
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Peak-hour metro rail traffic congestion alleviation
S. Narayanaswami

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 310

Abstract
Dubai Metro is the city railway transport under the Road and Transport Authority (RTA) of Dubai. It is operated as a cyclic schedule on fixed O-D pairs and two lines. The two lines are (i) the Red line which runs between Rashidiya and Jebel Ali and (ii) the Green line which operates between Al Qusias and Creek. Union and Khalid bin Waleed are the two cross-over stations between the two lines. Operational times are based on week days and weekends and the headways are based on peak hour and off-peak hours of the day. Light rails are used in Dubai Metro and each train has five cabins. On both lines, headways are designed at 90 seconds, whereas currently operated headway during peak hours is 3.5 minutes. A high ridership is observed during the last working day and particularly during peak hours, leading to severe over-crowding. To reduce over-crowding and alleviate congestions, three types of strategic solutions are available. (i) Reduce peak hour headways (ii) Increase number of cabins in trains operated during peak hours. (iii) Increase number of services between modified O-D pairs with denser traffic. The problem domain is modeled as a directed transit network and further as an LP formulation with a focus on the third solution for the Red line, under an assumption of known demand. Nodes represent arrival/departure times at each station and two types of arcs represent storage and movement of train cabins, respectively. Constraints on (i) consistency of flow, (ii) non-negativity of flow, (iii) indivisibility, (iv) demand satisfiability and (v) bounds are proposed. The objective has two components: (i) To minimize the number of train cabins in the system and (ii) To minimize the total car miles run by all trains in a schedule cycle. The LP Model developed for the third proposed solution is tested with actual data extracted in September 2012 using an open package LP/MILP IDE for Win32, namely GUSEC. Partial results are obtained and reported. Several interesting questions have arisen out of our model and we are trying to analyze some of them. Attempts continue (i) to acquire, test and evaluate validated data from RTA, (ii) apply the proposed model to green line and study congestion alleviation of red and green lines in a combined manner and (iii) evaluate the model against other possible solutions.
Abstract
Dubai Metro is the city railway transport under the Road and Transport Authority (RTA) of Dubai. It is operated as a cyclic schedule on fixed O-D pairs and two lines. The [...]
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Experimental Investigation of Defects Inspection for FRP Pipeline based on Single-side NMR
L. Guang-zhi, L. Chao, W. Guan-jun, C. Kai, T. Xiao-lin, Y. Yong

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 309

Abstract
The fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) pipelines have been used widely in oil-gas gathering and transportation. The defects of FRP pipelines would increase with the extension of service time. However, it is very difficult to detect the defects of FRP pipelines on-spot quickly. In this paper, a new method detecting defects for FRP pipes has been provided based on the NMR. The proton density distributions have been obtained at different depth of FRP components using single-side NMR. The experimental results show that there is a significant change of proton density distribution at the location of defects. And, these results would be useful for defects inspection of composite material component.
Abstract
The fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) pipelines have been used widely in oil-gas gathering and transportation. The defects of FRP pipelines would increase with the extension [...]
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Contrastive Analysis about the Case of Public Bicycle System Among Three Cities in Shandong
X. Li, Z. Fa, H. Song, C. Song

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 308
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Driver behavior modeling near intersections using support vector machines based on statistical feature extraction
S. Amsalu, A. Homaifar, F. Afghah, S. Ramyar, S. Kurt, A. Kurt

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 307

Abstract
The capability to estimate driver's intention leads to the development of advanced driver assistance systems that can assist the drivers in complex situations. Developing precise driver behavior models near intersections can considerably reduce the number of accidents at road intersections. In this study, the problem of driver behavior modeling near a road intersection is investigated using support vector machines (SVMs) based on the hybrid-state system (HSS) framework. In the HSS framework, the decisions of the driver are represented as a discrete-state system and the vehicle dynamics are represented as a continuous-state system. The proposed modeling technique utilizes the continuous observations from the vehicle and estimates the driver's intention at each time step using a multi-class SVM approach. Statistical methods are used to extract features from continuous observations. This allows for the use of history in estimating the current state. The developed algorithm is trained and tested successfully using naturalistic driving data collected from a sensor-equipped vehicle operated in the streets of Columbus, OH and provided by the Ohio State University. The proposed framework shows a promising accuracy of above 97% in estimating the driver's intention when approaching an intersection.
Abstract
The capability to estimate driver's intention leads to the development of advanced driver assistance systems that can assist the drivers in complex situations. Developing [...]
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A study of commuters’ transport modes choices and transport policy intentions
Y. Lin

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 306

Abstract
Taiwan is a developing country, with a population of around 23 and a half million. The country’s recent increase in wealth has resulted, amongst other things, in more people aspiring to the lure of car ownership. In Taiwan in 2013, the average person owned 1.09 cars, and the average person owned 1.65 motorcycles. Since 2010, as part of their urban development to attract users to travel by public transport systems rather than by car, transport planners in Taipei have been implementing the MRT Tricyclic three-line construction, and the MRT Pilot Bus. The MRT Tricyclic three-line construction aims to encourage the public to travel by public transport, thereby decreasing the use of private transport in Taipei City and New Taipei City. The intention is to strengthen the role of New Taipei City within the Taipei metropolitan area, making it the most important investment in public transport within the next ten years. In 2010, the government designed MRT networks with New Taipei city at their centre, emphasizing the networks’ primary importance for New Taipei city. The unexpectedly high take-up of the MRT Pilot Bus services provided while the MRT Tricyclic three-line was under construction, showed the MRT Pilot Bus service provision to be an effective policy in persuading private transport users to switch from using private vehicles to using public transport. The paper concluded that transport policies and initiatives aimed at influencing people away from using motorized vehicle modes towards using more sustainable modes, should take a holistic approach, with two-way communication between the public and the government.
Abstract
Taiwan is a developing country, with a population of around 23 and a half million. The country’s recent increase in wealth has resulted, amongst other things, in more people [...]
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Crowdsourcing Queue Estimations in Situ
V. Kostakos, I. Sánchez, J. Goncalves, H. Kukka

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2016). Vol. 2016, 351

Abstract
We present the development and evaluation of a situated crowdsourcing mechanism that estimates queue length in real time. The system relies on public interactive kiosks to collect human estimations about their queue waiting time. The system has been designed as a standalone tool that can be retrospectively embedded in a variety of locations without interfacing with billing or customer systems. An initial study was conducted in order to determine whether people who just joined the queue would differ in their estimates from people who were at the front of the queue. We then present our system’s evaluation in four different restaurants over 19 weekdays. Our analysis shows how our system is perceived by users, and we develop 2 ways to optimise the waiting time estimation: by correcting the estimations based on the position of the input mechanism, and by changing the sliding window considered inputs to provide better prediction. Our analysis shows that approximately 7% of restaurant customers provided estimations, but even so our system can provide predictions with up to 2 minute mean absolute error.
Abstract
We present the development and evaluation of a situated crowdsourcing mechanism that estimates queue length in real time. The system relies on public interactive kiosks to [...]
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Implementing latency-insensitive dataflow blocks
M. Kim, S. Edwards, B. Cao, K. Ross

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 305

Abstract
To simplify the implementation of dataflow systems in hardware, we present a technique for designing latency- insensitive dataflow blocks. We provide buffering with backpressure, resulting in blocks that compose into deep, high-speed pipelines without introducing long combinational paths. Our input and output buffers are easy to assemble into simple unit- rate dataflow blocks, arbiters, and blocks for Kahn networks. We prove the correctness of our buffers, illustrate how they can be used to assemble arbitrary dataflow blocks, discuss pitfalls, and present experimental results that suggest our pipelines can operate at a high clock rate independent of length.
Abstract
To simplify the implementation of dataflow systems in hardware, we present a technique for designing latency- insensitive dataflow blocks. We provide buffering with backpressure, [...]
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Analyzing Effects of Soil Parameters on Buried Pipe Behavior and Deciding Governing Parameter Using Statistical Approach
P. Kale, G. Bhende, P. Kulkarni

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 304

Abstract
One of the most common and practical difficulties a pipeline engineer faces at the initial stage of the project is the lack of Soil survey data. Hence, various soil parameters like soil type, density, friction angle, cohesive pressure, depth of cover, pipe coating etc. are needed to be assumed. The critical designs like anchor block requirement, pipe route changes, support loads which involve a huge cost are required to be ‘Issued for Construction’ based on assumed data. This paper briefly illustrates and compares the results obtained from the two most common buried pipe stress analysis methods viz. ‘American Lifeline Alliance - Appendix B’ (1) and ‘Stress Analysis Methods for Underground Pipelines’ (2) and shows their effects graphically on the various Stress Analysis results like pipe movement, end force, active length (virtual anchor length) and bending stress generated in the buried pipeline. Further, this paper comes up with an unique application of ANOVA, a Statistical method, to find out the most significant soil parameter affecting the said results. The paper explains this method with a solved example. These results are useful for a pipeline engineer to determine the governing soil parameter in the design and thus provide a useful tool to make optimum assumptions in absence of soil data so as to minimize the changes in future design and helps saving the cost of the project due to rework.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Abstract
One of the most common and practical difficulties a pipeline engineer faces at the initial stage of the project is the lack of Soil survey data. Hence, various soil parameters [...]
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Automatic terminal information system for El Alto airport
A. Roman-Gonzalez, N. Vargas-Cuentas

Collection of open conferences in research transport (2015). Vol. 2015, 303

Abstract
International audience; The air traffic controllers of the El Alto airport must give to the landing and taking off aircrafts, necessary information such as the visibility of the runway, the wind speed and direction, cloud cover, temperature, pressure, etc. This information called Meteorological Terminal Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) is essential for taking decision respect to the landing procedure. At aerodromes with a considerable level of traffic, the METAR issue has become a problem, may cause congestion of the communication frequency, this has caused aviation incidents; otherwise the operations are delayed and are not as smooth and efficient on the airfield. The air traffic controller is responsible for issuing the current weather conditions, for this task, the manager of the garden weather must copy the collected data and make a report to communicate the weather condition at the moment, but he takes the report every hour. In summary, there are two main problems; the first is that one provide weather reports that are not of the moment, which can produce aircraft incidents, and finally there is a congested communication frequency, for this reason, the operations are not optimal and fluid. The aim of this work is to implement the ATIS (Automatic Terminal Information System) for El Alto airport.
Abstract
International audience; The air traffic controllers of the El Alto airport must give to the landing and taking off aircrafts, necessary information such as the visibility [...]
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