Documents published in 2019 : Scipedia

7 advantages of plastic pipes
F. FZC

(Select a year).

Abstract
Today, when installing sewage, heating and water supply systems, plastic pipes are increasingly being used. What is the reason for such a priority over steel metal systems? Consider the benefits of building materials suppliers in Sharjah.
Abstract
Today, when installing sewage, heating and water supply systems, plastic pipes are increasingly being used. What is the reason for such a priority over steel metal systems? [...]
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Enfrentando el cambio climático desde la docencia en la FCFM: avances de la implementación de competencias para la sustentabilidad
F. Célèry, A. Montenegro

Revista Iberoamericana de Educación en Ingeniería (RIEI) (2019). Vol. 1, 7

Abstract
Todos los años se desarrolla la Conferencia de las Partes (COP) para avanzar en los objetivos de la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (CMNUCC), para aminorar el impacto del ser humano sobre el sistema climático. Este año, corresponde la COP25, la cual se desarrollará en Chile y es conocida bajo el llamado de “Tiempo de Actuar”, centrándose en la necesidad de aumentar los compromisos de los distintos países. Por otra parte, la Universidad de Chile se comprometió a trabajar este tema en la Política de Sustentabilidad Universitaria. En la FCFM se fundó la Oficina de Ingeniería para la Sustentabilidad, la cual se encargó de identificar los cursos relacionados con sustentabilidad. El objetivo general de este informe es presentar las iniciativas docentes que se desarrollarán en la FCFM, y analizar los impactos que estas tendrán para cumplir los compromisos del país ante la CMNUCC. La metodología consiste en integrar la sustentabilidad en Plan Común por medio de los cursos de proyecto y en especialidad a través de la tributación a la Competencia Genérica (CG) de Sustentabilidad. Por otro lado, se ofrecieron Workshops enfocados en el cambio climático para profesionales jóvenes. En Plan Común se desarrollará una línea de proyectos con foco en la innovación y la sustentabilidad, con el objetivo de que los estudiantes se especialicen en estos ámbitos. Por otro lado, la CG de Sustentabilidad consta, en promedio, de un 35% de tributación en esta competencia considerando los cursos obligatorios de las especialidades, siendo la CG una base para que los futuros ingenieros puedan enfrentar los desafíos del cambio climático. Por último, se plantea que, para alcanzar los compromisos de Chile en la CMNUCC, es necesario educar en estos temas a los profesionales que se encuentran actualmente dentro del mundo laboral, por lo mismo, se prepararon Workshops para profesionales en temas de cambio climático en ingeniería y ciencias que se desarrollaron en agosto de 2019.
Abstract
Todos los años se desarrolla la Conferencia de las Partes (COP) para avanzar en los objetivos de la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático [...]
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Damage interpretation in historical masonry vaults and domes. Lessons on the structural response
P. Roca

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at FORM and FORCE - IASS Symposium 2019 and Structural Membranes 2019.
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Architecture and structure
M. Grohmann

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at FORM and FORCE - IASS Symposium 2019 and Structural Membranes 2019.
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Ancient building masters' Form and Force
G. Arun

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at FORM and FORCE - IASS Symposium 2019 and Structural Membranes 2019.
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Creating new architecture
W. Baker

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at FORM and FORCE - IASS Symposium 2019 and Structural Membranes 2019.
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Advances in the design and manufacturing of large scale inflatable hangars
J. Marcipar, E. Oñate

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at FORM and FORCE - IASS Symposium 2019 and Structural Membranes 2019.
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Strength through Geometry
P. Block

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at FORM and FORCE - IASS Symposium 2019 and Structural Membranes 2019.
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Antoni Gaudí: architect and structural artist
M. Burry

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at FORM and FORCE - IASS Symposium 2019 and Structural Membranes 2019.
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San Mames football stadium roof extension: the challenge of a 75m cantilevered span
A. Bilbao

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at FORM and FORCE - IASS Symposium 2019 and Structural Membranes 2019.
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Geometry and computational design of equilibrium structures
H. Pottmann

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at FORM and FORCE - IASS Symposium 2019 and Structural Membranes 2019.
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Structure and architecture: Landscape of gravity
M. Mimram

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at FORM and FORCE - IASS Symposium 2019 and Structural Membranes 2019.
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Advances in neuro-mechanical coupling methods
D. Peric

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the VIII International Conference on Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering (COUPLED 2019).
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El impacto de la co-docencia y la evaluación invertida en niveles de retención en la asignatura de redes I
S. Lourenço, D. Palma

Revista Iberoamericana de Educación en Ingeniería (RIEI) (2019). Vol. 1, 5

Abstract
En esta innovación la problemática detectada se vincula con la baja retención de los estudiantes primer año de la carrera de Electricidad Industrial Mención Instalaciones Eléctricas Centro de Formación Técnica (C.F.T) INACAP, sede Los Ángeles. En este proyecto de investigación-acción se procedió a estudiar de qué modo la retención académica del estudiante de primer año por motivos académicos puede estar vinculada con las habilidades del académico en la sala de clases, considerando cuatro variables importantes según el Marco de la Buena Enseñanza: (MINEDUC, 2008). En este ámbito se intervinieron las asignaturas de especialidad del primer semestre, capacitando a los docentes en didáctica de la especialidad correspondiente a la evaluación invertida modelo enseñanza de co-docencia, con el objetivo medir como la didáctica del profesor afecta directamente en nivel de retención de los estudiantes. Para el análisis de los dados se emplearon estadísticas no paramétricas correspondientes a las pruebas de Wilcoxon de rangos de signos, lo cual arroja como resultado que la intervención afecta significativamente en el porcentaje de retención de los estudiantes de primer año de la carrera intervenida
Abstract
En esta innovación la problemática detectada se vincula con la baja retención de los estudiantes primer año de la carrera de Electricidad Industrial [...]
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Structural optimization of forklift fork based on numerical simulation and mathematical modeling of stress and fatigue
E. Zhang, J. Zhuo, Z. Liu, T. Guo

Enlai Zhang's personal collection (2019). 1

Abstract
Fork’s related structural design and detail have a significant impact on the overall performance of a forklift. In this paper, the structural stress analysis and strength calculation of the fork were carried out firstly, and the rated load calculations considering dynamic and unbalanced conditions were performed. Also, the restraint conditions were analyzed. Then, a finite element model was established using ANSYS software. In particular, the structure of the fork was optimized by increasing the fillet radius of the fork root and the variation rules between the fillet radius and the maximum structural stress and minimum fatigue life were numerically studied, which was in accordance with the mathematical models of ExpAssoc and Logistic regression (the fitness R2= =0.99 and 0.96, respectively). Overall, the stress concentration issue of the fork root was improved and the structural strength perquisite was satisfied when using a fillet radius of 75 mm. Both the numerical calculations and theorized mechanical analysis show consistency, where the stress concentration was observed in the fork root’s fillet area, testifying the accuracy of the established finite element model. The numerous methods employed in this work lay an important theoretical basis for the structural design improvement of the target fork.
Abstract
Fork’s related structural design and detail have a significant impact on the overall performance of a forklift. In this paper, the structural stress analysis and strength [...]
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Promoviendo el pensamiento crítico en estudiantes de primer año de educación superior
T. Tapia, A. Arias, M. Westermeyer

Revista Iberoamericana de Educación en Ingeniería (RIEI) (2019). Vol. 1, 6

Abstract
El desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, adquiere particular importancia en la formación de los futuros profesionales, pues permite que los egresados se doten de competencias y capacidades que favorezcan el análisis crítico de problemas en su quehacer profesional, y puedan brindar soluciones prácticas y efectivas. De esta manera, como objetivo se planteó promover el pensamiento crítico, con actividades grupales experimentales dentro del aula, en la asignatura de Química General. La actividad fue aplicada a estudiantes de Ingeniería, en los años 2017-2018. Posteriormente se aplicó una encuesta de percepción. Por otra parte, los resultados conceptuales, como medida indirecta del pensamiento crítico, se evaluaron en una prueba de desarrollo, cuyos resultados se compararon con los años anteriores, sin intervención. La encuesta de percepción, indica que los estudiantes acogen con satisfacción la actividad, además, la evaluación escrita, arroja que ellos responden de manera exitosa en promedio entre 63-78% las preguntas asociadas a los temas intervenidos, en comparación con el 50-52% respectivamente de los años control, inmediatamente anteriores. También es posible agregar, que las actividades de grupo colaboraron en la promoción de un acercamiento entre pares de estudio.
Abstract
El desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, adquiere particular importancia en la formación de los futuros profesionales, pues permite que los egresados se doten [...]
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J. García Espinosa, A. Valls, E. Oñat
J. García-Espinosa, A. Valls, E. Oñate

5-7 June 2007, Trondheim (Norway)

Abstract
This presentation introduces a new stabilized finite element method based on the finite calculus (Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 1998; 151:233–267) and arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian techniques (Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 1998; 155:235–249) for the solution to free surface problems. The main innovation of this method is the application of an overlapping domain decomposition concept in the statement of the problem. The aim is to increase the accuracy in the capture of the free surface as well as in the resolution of the governing equations in the interface between the two fluids. Free surface capturing is based on the solution to a level set equation. The Navier–Stokes equations are solved using an iterative monolithic predictor–corrector algorithm, where the correction step is based on imposing the divergence‐free condition in the velocity field by means of the solution to a scalar equation for the pressure. Examples of application of the ODDLS formulation (for overlapping domain decomposition level set) to the analysis of different free surface flow problems are presented.
Abstract
This presentation introduces a new stabilized finite element method based on the finite calculus (Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 1998; 151:233–267) and arbitrary [...]
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Multidisciplinary and multiscale modeling of aerodynamic decelerator systems
C. Farhat

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the VIII International Conference on Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering (COUPLED 2019).
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Large-scale topology optimization of structures using adaptive techniques
J. Baiges

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the VIII International Conference on Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering (COUPLED 2019).
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Phase-field modelling and computation of fracture in partially saturated porous media
L. Lorenzis

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the VIII International Conference on Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering (COUPLED 2019).
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Advances in the scaled boundary Finite Element Method for coupled problems
C. Birk

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the VIII International Conference on Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering (COUPLED 2019).
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Simulated reality: Intelligence augmentation systems that employ real-time simulation and augmented reality
E. Cueto

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the VIII International Conference on Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering (COUPLED 2019).
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Solving coupled problems in the realm of fracturing processes of saturated and unsaturated porous media
W. Ehlers

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the VIII International Conference on Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering (COUPLED 2019).
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Structure-preserving discretization in space and time of coupled problems
P. Betsch

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the VIII International Conference on Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering (COUPLED 2019).
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Designing flexoelectric metamaterials through computational strain gradient engineering
I. Arias

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the VIII International Conference on Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering (COUPLED 2019).
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Experiencias con la asignatura proyecto de licenciatura de ingeniería civil industrial de la Universidad de Talca
A. Candia, E. Santibáñez, H. Kim, L. Canales, J. Gómez, F. Pérez

Revista Iberoamericana de Educación en Ingeniería (RIEI) (2019). Vol. 1, 4

Abstract
Nuestro trabajo analiza experiencias obtenidas en la ejecución de la asignatura Proyecto de Licenciatura, para la carrera de Ingeniería Civil Industrial de la U. de Talca, durante los últimos 10 años. La asignatura se encuentra en el 8vo. semestre de la carrera y es la última asignatura que los estudiantes deben aprobar para la obtención del grado de Licenciado en Ciencias de la Ingeniería. La asignatura tiene por objetivo desarrollar un proyecto que integre conocimiento de los módulos previos de la carrera con énfasis en Gestión de operaciones, y que además fortalezca competencias transversales de investigación, trabajo en equipo y resolución de problemas. Los estudiantes trabajan en grupos, normalmente de tamaño 4, y seleccionan un problema del dominio con el cual trabajan durante todo el semestre. En este contexto, presentamos la estructura y metodología utilizada en el curso, además de experiencias obtenidas en diversos aspectos, como lo son: trabajo en grupos, asesoría del equipo de profesores a los grupos, generación de temas en los cuales se realizan los proyectos, importancia de búsquedas de información, relación con temas de innovación, actividades evaluativas y pautas de evaluación.
Abstract
Nuestro trabajo analiza experiencias obtenidas en la ejecución de la asignatura Proyecto de Licenciatura, para la carrera de Ingeniería Civil Industrial de la [...]
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EXPERIENCIAS CON LA ASIGNATURA PROYECTO DE LICENCIATURA DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL INDUSTRIAL DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE TALCA
A. Candia, E. Santibáñez, H. Kim, L. Canales, J. Gómez, F. Pérez

Alfredo Candia's personal collection (2019). 1

Abstract
Nuestro trabajo analiza experiencias obtenidas en la ejecución de la asignatura Proyecto de Licenciatura, para la carrera de Ingeniería Civil Industrial de la U. de Talca, durante los últimos 10 años. La asignatura se encuentra en el 8vo. semestre de la carrera y es la última asignatura que los estudiantes deben aprobar para la obtención del grado de Licenciado en Ciencias de la Ingeniería. La asignatura tiene por objetivo desarrollar un proyecto que integre conocimiento de los módulos previos de la carrera con énfasis en Gestión de operaciones, y que además fortalezca competencias transversales de investigación, trabajo en equipo y resolución de problemas. Los estudiantes trabajan en grupos, normalmente de tamaño 4, y seleccionan un problema del dominio con el cual trabajan durante todo el semestre. En este contexto, presentamos la estructura y metodología utilizada en el curso, además de experiencias obtenidas en diversos aspectos, como lo son: trabajo en grupos, asesoría del equipo de profesores a los grupos, generación de temas en los cuales se realizan los proyectos, importancia de búsquedas de información, relación con temas de innovación, actividades evaluativas y pautas de evaluación.
Abstract
Nuestro trabajo analiza experiencias obtenidas en la ejecución de la asignatura Proyecto de Licenciatura, para la carrera de Ingeniería Civil Industrial de la [...]
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Desarrollando la abstracción en adultos emergentes: Primer año de ingeniería
M. Jimenez, C. Astudillo, J. Reveco, M. González

Revista Iberoamericana de Educación en Ingeniería (RIEI) (2019). Vol. 1, 3

Abstract
Contexto: El primer año de universidad representa un momento de transición para jóvenes que se encuentran en una etapa vital, caracterizada por una adultez emergente. Desde esta manera, la docencia en estos cursos suele estar marcada por una tensión entre una tradición escolarizada y la expectativa de lo que constituye la educación superior. Con el proceso de masificación, las instituciones y en especial los profesores han debido dirigir sus prácticas de aula, para alcanzar niveles de pensamiento superior. En el caso de ingeniería, el pensamiento abstracto representa un desafío pedagógico en generaciones donde la tradición escolar, ha marcado en exceso la respuesta hacia la contingencia. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente artículo es identificar las variables que participan de este proceso a partir de un caso de aula en un curso de primer año. Metodología: Para el diseño del presente estudio se usó una investigación de tipo descriptiva. Se escoge este tipo pues permite llegar a conocer las situaciones, costumbres y actitudes predominantes a través de la descripción exacta de las actividades, objetos, procesos y personas. Resultados: Los estudiantes de primer año requieren estrategias de aula que favorezcan la adaptación hacia los cursos superiores, ya que son proclives a abandonar los estudios e interpretar las dificultades como problemas vocacionales.
Abstract
Contexto: El primer año de universidad representa un momento de transición para jóvenes que se encuentran en una etapa vital, caracterizada por una adultez [...]
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A large strain plasticity model for anisotropic composite materials
E. Car, S. Oller, E. Oñate

(1999). Research Report, Nº PI179
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Evaluación de competencias en management para la formación de ingenieros civiles
M. Gómez, F. Muñoz La Rivera, E. Atencio

Revista Iberoamericana de Educación en Ingeniería (RIEI) (2019). Vol. 1, 2

Abstract
La industria de la arquitectura, ingeniería y construcción (AIC) se caracteriza por estar fragmentada en varias especialidades, generando un alto nivel de especialización y una interacción más compleja. Los directores de proyectos en la industria de la AIC deben tener un conjunto integral de competencias alineadas con management. En la formación de ingenieros, estas competencias son ampliamente recomendadas por acuerdos internacionales y exigidas por las entidades de acreditación especializada, sin embargo, éstas tienen un alto foco en lo técnico. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar las competencias más relevantes en management para la formación de ingenieros civiles. Para ello, se realizaron 2 fases: (1) revisión de literatura; y (2) focus group de practitioners ingenieros civiles. La clasificación de competencias se realizó en tres grupos: administrativas, técnicas y conductuales. Existió una alta convergencia entre las competencias descritas en la literatura con la mencionada por los profesionales, en donde las que destacaron fueron: liderazgo, comunicación eficaz, inteligencia emocional, proactividad, planificación y control de presupuesto y cronograma, uso de plataformas tecnológicas, gestión de compromisos y resolución de problemas y conflictos.
Abstract
La industria de la arquitectura, ingeniería y construcción (AIC) se caracteriza por estar fragmentada en varias especialidades, generando un alto nivel de especialización [...]
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Higher-order simulations: Strategic investment under model-induced market structures
G. Peffer, B. Llacay

(2004). Research Report, Nº PI261

Abstract
The trading and investment decision processes in financial markets becomes ever more dependent on the use of valuation and risk models. In certain, cases such as risk management, modelling practice has become so homogeneous that one is led to ask about the effect this has on the price formation process. Furthermore, should stable price patterns emerge from this, can sophisticated investors who have private information about the use and characteristics of these models make superior gains? The aim of this article is to test this hypothesis in a stylised market environment, where a strategic trader who trades on information about the valuation and risk management models used by competitors. Results show that for our particular market setting, such a strategy has an advantage over those that do not use this information.
Abstract
The trading and investment decision processes in financial markets becomes ever more dependent on the use of valuation and risk models. In certain, cases such as risk management, [...]
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Smeared crack approach: Back to the original track
M. Cervera, M. Chiumenti

(2006). Research Report, Nº PI295

Abstract
This paper reviews briefly the formulations used over the last 40 years for the solution of problems involving tensile cracking, both with the discrete and smeared crack approaches. The paper focuses in the smeared approach, identifying as its main drawbacks the observed mesh-size and mesh-bias spurious dependence when the method is applied “straightly”. A simple isotropic local damage constitutive model is considered, and the (exponential) softening modulus is regularized according to the material fracture energy and the element size. The continuum and discrete mechanical problems corresponding to both the weak discontinuity (smeared cracks) and strong discontinuity (discrete cracks) approaches are analyzed and the question of propagation of the strain localization band (crack) is identified as the main difficulty to be overcome in the numerical procedure. A tracking technique is used to ensure uniqueness of the solution, attaining the necessary stability and convergence properties of the corresponding discrete finite element formulation. Numerical examples show that the formulation derived is well posed, stable and remarkably robust. As a consequence, the results obtained do not suffer from spurious meshsize or mesh-bias dependence, comparing very favorably with those obtained with other fracture and continuum mechanics approaches.
Abstract
This paper reviews briefly the formulations used over the last 40 years for the solution of problems involving tensile cracking, both with the discrete and smeared crack [...]
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Single Arm Dislocation Source mechanism-based flow stress and computation of crystal plasticity at submicron scale
Z. Zhuang

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2019).
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Exploration of predictive disaster simulations by FEM and MPM
K. Terada

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2019).
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The Finite Cell Method: A high order immersed boundary method for large scale nonlinear problems
E. Rank

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2019).
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Multiscale modelling and analysis of multi-phase alloys
F. Pires

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2019).
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Model-free data-driven computational mechanics (and III): Analysis, solvers, data identification and data management
M. Ortiz

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2019).
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Variational approach to topological optimization problems: closed-form solutions in a pseudo-time framework
J. Oliver

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2019).
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Computational nonlinear solid mechanics for complex loading histories
P. Ladevèze

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2019).
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The isogeometric approach to phase field modeling of fracture
T. Hughes

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2019).
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Semi-Lagrangian and Eulerian RKPM shock algorithms with application to explosive welding simulation
J. Chen

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2019).
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Simulation of fracture processes using the Virtual Element Method
P. Wriggers

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2019).
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Applying multi-objective robust design optimization procedure to the route planning of a commercial aircraft
J. Pons Prats, G. Bugeda, F. Zarate, E. Oñate, J. Periaux

(2018). Computational Methods and Models for Transport. Computational Methods in Applied Sciences. Diez, P. Neittaanmäki, P., Periaux, J., Tuovinen, T., Bräysy, O. (Eds.), Vol. 45, pp. 147-167, Springer, Cham

Abstract
Aircraft emission targets worldwide and their climatic effects have put pressure in government agencies, aircraft manufacturers and airlines to reduce water vapour, carbon dioxide (CO2CO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOxNOx) resulting from aircraft emissions. The difficulty of reducing emissions including water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2CO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOxNOx) is mainly due to the fact that a commercial aircraft is usually designed for a particular optimal cruise altitude but may be requested or required to operate and deviate at different altitudes and speeds to archive a desired or commanded flight plan, resulting in increased emissions. This is a multi- disciplinary problem with multiple trade-offs such as optimizing engine efficiency, minimizing fuel burnt and emissions while maintaining prescribed aircraft trajectories, altitude profiles and air safety. There are possible attempts to solve such problems by designing new wing/aircraft shape, new efficient engine, ATM technology, or modifying the aircraft flight plan. Based on the rough data provided by an air carrier company, who was willing to assess the methodology, this paper will present the coupling of an advanced optimization technique with mathematical models and algorithms for aircraft emission, and fuel burnt reduction through flight plan optimization. Two different approaches are presented; the first one describes a deterministic optimization of the flight plan and altitude profile in order to reduce the fuel consumption while reducing time and distance. The second approach presents the robust design optimization of the previous case considering uncertainties on several parameters. Numerical results will show that the methods are able to capture a set of useful trade-offs solutions between aircraft range and fuel consumption, as well as fuel consumption and flight time.
Abstract
Aircraft emission targets worldwide and their climatic effects have put pressure in government agencies, aircraft manufacturers and airlines to reduce water vapour, carbon [...]
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Advances in the DEM and coupled DEM and FEM techniques in non linear solid mechanics
E. Oñate, F. Zárate, M. Celigueta, J. González, J. Canet, J. Carbonell, F. Garcia, S. Latorre, M. Santasusana

(2018). (Preprint) Advances in Computational Plasticity. Computational Methods in Applied Sciences. Oñate, E., Peric, D., de Souza Neto, E., Chiumenti, M., (Eds.), Vol. 46, pp. 309-335, Springer

Abstract
In this chapter we present recent advances on the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and on the coupling of the DEM with the Finite Element Method (FEM) for solving a variety of problems in non linear solid mechanics involving damage, plasticity and multifracture situations.
Abstract
In this chapter we present recent advances on the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and on the coupling of the DEM with the Finite Element Method (FEM) for solving a variety of [...]
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REVISIÓN DE LAS TENDENCIAS INNOVADORAS EN LA ESTRUCTURACIÓN DE PAVIMENTOS COMO PARTE DEL DESARROLLO SUSTENTABLE
R. DE, . renemora1121

Journal of Energy, Engineering Optimization and Sustainability (2018). ISSN 2448-8186

Abstract
Currently, worldwide, many nations are paying close attention to the improvement and optimization of the usage of recycled materials in the building sector. The increase in the raw materials and the increased environmental awareness have gained considerable importance on a global scale. In road engineering, the waste material is used for the design and construction of pavements. Ecology, energy efficiency, profitability and significant reduction of the construction time are the primary drivers of this proposal. However, social and legislative aspects have prevented these types of procedures are implemented successfully in most developing countries. In this article, we analyze some of the main trends in the use of waste materials for the design and construction of pavements.
Abstract
Currently, worldwide, many nations are paying close attention to the improvement and optimization of the usage of recycled materials in the building sector. The increase in [...]
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Effect of the Suction on the Stability of a Silty Sand Slope
E. Slope, . renemora1121

Ingeniería Investigación y Tecnología. (2012). volumen XIII, (número 3), julio-septiembre 2012: 271-281; ISSN 1405-7743 FI-UNAM

Abstract
This paper presents a revision of some of the models that have been proposed to estimate the strength of unsaturated soils. The theoretical results obtained from these models are compared with the experimental results of controlled suction triaxial tests made on silty sand. The model that resulted in the best prediction was used to determine the stability of a slope of highly compressive clay subjected to changes in its water content. It is well known that the water content of soil is directly related with suction and that suction is an independent variable of the stress state that modifies the shear strength of unsaturated soils. Therefore, when the water content of a slope is modified, the safety factor of the slope is also modified. This exercise allows drawing some important conclusions over the stability of slopes related to the safety factor.
Abstract
This paper presents a revision of some of the models that have been proposed to estimate the strength of unsaturated soils. The theoretical results obtained from these models [...]
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The Effect of Saturation on the Slope Sliding in the San Juan de Grijalva Comunity, Chiapas
T. Sliding, . renemora1121

Ingeniería Investigación y Tecnología. (2012). Vol. XIII, Núm. 1, 2012, 55-68; ISSN 1405-7743 FI-UNAM

Abstract
A number of slopes that have been stable during many years may fail when an extraordinary rain period occurs. This phenomenon involves not only the lithology, the geometric and the mechanical characteristics of the slope but also the rain-evaporation-infi ltration regime of the site. In this paper, the stability of a slope in the comunity of San Juan de Grijalva, Ostuacán, Chiapas (Mexico) that failed during an intense raining period is analyzed. The volume of this slide was over 5 millions of cubics meters of soil and it produced the obstruction of the Grijalva river. The stratigraphic and geometric properties of the slope were determined and undisturbed samples were obtained in the site to determine the mechanical properties of the material. The stability analysis considered the variation of the cohesion of the soil caused by we ing and it was possible to observe the evolution of the safety factor with the water content of the material. Through the analysis of the rain infi ltration and the stability of the slope, it has been possible to reproduce the failure process.
Abstract
A number of slopes that have been stable during many years may fail when an extraordinary rain period occurs. This phenomenon involves not only the lithology, the geometric [...]
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ANÁLISIS DEL EFECTO DEL HUMEDECIMIENTO EN LA ESTABILIDAD DE UN BORDO DEL RÍO GRIJALVA, EN EL ESTADO DE TABASCO
A. OF, . renemora1121

ESPACIO I+D, Innovación más Desarrollo (2019). Vol. viii, N° 21, Octubre 2019 • ISSN: 2007-6703

Abstract
Durante la época de lluvias se presentan en el estado de Tabasco (México) deslizamientos en los bordos de los ríos que atraviesan la entidad, siendo los de la zona conocida como La Manga de los más afectados. Este artículo presenta el análisis de la evolución de la estabilidad de uno de estos bordos debido a los cambios en el grado de saturación del suelo (Sr) que lo conforma. El objetivo fue determinar el Sr del suelo para el cual el bordo pasa de una condición de seguridad a una de falla. Para lograrlo, primero se realizó una campaña de exploración de campo y ensayos de laboratorio, lo que permitió obtener las características geométricas del bordo, así como las propiedades del suelo que lo constituye. De las muestras inalteradas obtenidas en campo se realizaron ensayos de compresión triaxial variando solo el grado de saturación del suelo. Con los datos obtenidos y mediante el software GeoSlope 2016 se realizaron diversos análisis de la estabilidad. Los resultados muestran que conforme el grado de saturación crece la estabilidad del bordo disminuye. Se comprobó que para el bordo en estudio sobrepasar un grado de saturación de 70 % implica una condición de peligro de deslizamiento. Por lo tanto, el monitoreo del grado de saturación del suelo que constituye a los bordos permite anticipar su falla y, en consecuencia, hace posible establecer acciones de prevención.
Abstract
Durante la época de lluvias se presentan en el estado de Tabasco (México) deslizamientos en los bordos de los ríos que atraviesan la entidad, siendo los [...]
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COMPARACIÓN DEL RENDIMIENTO DE DOS AGENTES QUÍMICOS EN LA ESTABILIZACIÓN DE UN SUELO ARCILLOSO
. —, . renemora1121

ESPACIO I+D, Innovación más Desarrollo (2019). Vol. viii, N° 20, Junio 2019 • ISSN: 2007-6703

Abstract
Durante la ejecución de obras de ingeniería es común que el suelo que se desea utilizar no cumpla con los criterios de calidad que la normativa correspondiente exige para garantizar la estabilidad estructural de la obra. Para aquellos casos en los que el valor del índice de plasticidad del suelo excede el máximo permitido, la estabilización química ha demostrado los mejores resultados. En esta investigación se realizó un análisis comparativo del rendimiento del óxido de calcio (CaO) o cal viva, y el cloruro de sodio (NaCl) o sal de mesa, como agentes estabilizadores. Se agregaron estos agentes químicos en distintas proporciones al suelo en estudio y se monitorizaron las variaciones del límite líquido, límite plástico y el índice de plasticidad. Los resultados demostraron, contrario a lo que tradicionalmente se espera, que para el caso del suelo en estudio el mejor agente estabilizador es el cloruro de sodio o sal de mesa, debido a que no solo es más efectivo en disminuir el índice de plasticidad, sino que además es más barato que la cal.
Abstract
Durante la ejecución de obras de ingeniería es común que el suelo que se desea utilizar no cumpla con los criterios de calidad que la normativa correspondiente [...]
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A framework for developing finite element codes for multi- disciplinary applications
P. Dadvand, E. Oñate

Monograph CIMNE (2008). M109

Abstract
The world of computing simulation has experienced great progresses in recent years and requires more exigent multidisciplinary challenges to satisfy the new upcoming demands. Increasing the importance of solving multi-disciplinary problems makes developers put more attention to these problems and deal with difficulties involved in developing software in this area. Conventional finite element codes have several difficulties in dealing with multi-disciplinary problems. Many of these codes are designed and implemented for solving a certain type of problems, generally involving a single field. Extending these codes to deal with another field of analysis usually consists of several problems and large amounts of modifications and implementations. Some typical difficulties are: predefined set of degrees of freedom per node, data structure with fixed set of defined variables, global list of variables for all entities, domain based interfaces, IO restriction in reading new data and writing new results and algorithm definition inside the code. A common approach is to connect different solvers via a master program which implements the interaction algorithms and also transfers data from one solver to another. This approach has been used successfully in practice but results duplicated implementation and redundant overhead of data storing and transferring which may be significant depending to the solvers data structure. The objective of this work is to design and implement a framework for building multi-disciplinary finite element programs. Generality, reusability, extendibility, good performance and memory efficiency are considered to be the main points in design and implementation of this framework. Preparing the structure for team development is another objective because usually a team of experts in different fields are involved in the development of multi-disciplinary code. Kratos, the framework created in this work, provides several tools for easy implementation of finite element applications and also provides a common platform for natural interaction of its applications in different ways. This is done not only by a number of innovations but also by collecting and reusing several existing works. In this work an innovative variable base interface is designed and implemented which is used at different levels of abstraction and showed to be very clear and extendible. Another innovation is a very efficient and flexible data structure which can be used to store any type of data in a type-safe manner. An extendible IO is also created to overcome another bottleneck in dealing with multi-disciplinary problems. Collecting different concepts of existing works and adapting them to coupled problems is considered to be another innovation in this work. Examples are using an interpreter, different data organizations and variable number of dofs per node. The kernel and application approach is used to reduce the possible conflicts arising between developers of different fields and layers are designed to reflect the working space of different developers also considering their programming knowledge. Finally several technical details are applied in order to increase the performance and efficiency of Kratos which makes it practically usable. This work is completed by demonstrating the framework’s functionality in practice. First some classical single field applications like thermal, fluid and structural applications are implemented and used as benchmark to prove its performance. These applications are used to solve coupled problems in order to demonstrate the natural interaction facility provided by the framework. Finally some less classical coupled finite element algorithms are implemented to show its high flexibility and extendibility.
Abstract
The world of computing simulation has experienced great progresses in recent years and requires more exigent multidisciplinary challenges to satisfy the new upcoming demands. [...]
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Ship hydrodynamics
E. Oñate, J. García-Espinosa, S. Idelsohn, B. Servan Camas

(2018). Encyclopedia of Computational Mechanics Second Edition, E. Stein, R. de Borst and T.J.R. Hughes (Eds.), John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Vol. 6, Chapter 24, pp. 1091 - 1137

Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of some computational methods for the analysis of problems in ship hydrodynamics. Attention is focused on the description of stabilized finite element formulations derived via a finite increment calculus (FIC) procedure. Both arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) and fully Lagrangian forms are presented. Details of the treatment of the free‐surface waves and the interaction between the ship structure and the sea water are given. Potential flow formulations for seakeeping analysis and calculation of the added resistance in waves are also described. Examples of application of the computational methods presented to a variety of ship hydrodynamics and related problems are given.
Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of some computational methods for the analysis of problems in ship hydrodynamics. Attention is focused on the description of stabilized finite [...]
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GiD 2008. 4th Conference on advances and applications of GiD
A. Coll, M. Pasenau, E. Escolano, J. Pérez, A. Melendo

Monograph CIMNE (2008). M110

Abstract
The extended use of simulation programs has leaned on the advances in user-friendly interfaces and in the capability to generate meshes for any generic complex geometry. More than ten years of development have made Gid grow to become one of the more popular pre ans postprocessing systems at international level. The constant dialogue between the GiD development team and the users has guided the development of giD to cover the pre-post needs of many disciplines in science and engineering. Following gthis philosophy, the biannual GiD Conference has become an important forum for discussion and interchange of experiences among the GiD community. This monograph includes the contributions of the participants to the fourth edition of the GiD Conference held in the island of Ibiza from 8-9 May 2008.
Abstract
The extended use of simulation programs has leaned on the advances in user-friendly interfaces and in the capability to generate meshes for any generic complex geometry. More [...]
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Shear band localization via local J2 continuum damage mechanics
M. Cervera, M. Chiumenti, C. Agelet de Saracibar

Monograph CIMNE (2003). M78

Abstract
This paper describes a novel formulation for the solution of problems involving shear band localization using a local isotropic J2 continuum damage model and mixed linear simplex (triangles and tetrahedra). Stabilization methods are used to ensure existence and uniquess of the solution, attaining global and local stability of the corresponding discrete finite element formulation. Consistent residual viscosity is used to enhance robustness and convergence of the formulation. Implementation and computational aspects are also discussed. A simple isotropic local J2 damage constitutive model is considered, either with linear or exponential softening. The softening modulus is regularized according to the material mode II fracture energy and the element size. Numerical examples show that the formulation derived is fully stable and remarkably robust, totally free of volumetric locking and spurious oscillations of the pressure. As a consequence, the results obtained do not suffer from spurious mesh-size or mesh-bias dependence, comparing very favorably with those obtained with the ill-posed standard approaches.
Abstract
This paper describes a novel formulation for the solution of problems involving shear band localization using a local isotropic J2 continuum damage model and mixed linear [...]
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A new approach in computational contact mechanics: The contact domain method
J. Oliver, S. Hartmann, J. Cante, R. Weyler, J. Hernández

Monograph CIMNE (2009). M112

Abstract
This first part of the work presents the theoretical aspects of a new approach to solve two-dimensional large-strain problems in computational contact mechanics. The basic elements of the proposed metod are: 1) the use of an updated Lagrangean approach to describe the motion of the contacting bodies, 2) consideration of a two-dimensional aontact domain, where the contact/friction restrictions are imposed, and construction of a one layer triangulation in this domain, 3) resorting to a Lagrange multiplier method to impose the contact/friction contraints, 4) an interior penaltyprocedure, allowing condensation of the Lagrange multipliers, ensuring the stability of the discretized problem and 5) an active set strategy, for determining the subsets of the contact domain were contact/friction conditions have to be applied, based on the concept domain were contact/friction conditions have to be aaplied, based on the concept of effective gaps as suitable entities for extrapolation and prediction purposes.
Abstract
This first part of the work presents the theoretical aspects of a new approach to solve two-dimensional large-strain problems in computational contact mechanics. The basic [...]
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Freak Edge Waves
F. WAVES, A. Lechuga

Antonio Lechuga's personal collection (2019). 13

Abstract
The nonlinear and unsteady dynamics of the edge waves is discussed. Two physical processes: dispersive focusing and nonlinear modulational instability, are studied. Both mechanisms can induce the appearance of the short-living large-amplitude isolated waves and intense wave packets (“freak edge waves”).
Abstract
The nonlinear and unsteady dynamics of the edge waves is discussed. Two physical processes: dispersive focusing and nonlinear modulational instability, are studied. Both mechanisms [...]
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Aplicación del método PFEM a la simulación de procesos de transferencia propios de la industria pulvimetalúrgica
C. González, J. Cante, J. Oliver

Monograph CIMNE (2010). M117

Abstract
El objetivo primario del trabajo es desarrollar desde el enfoque de la ingeniería la metodología PFEM, la cual se fundamenta en una reinterpretación alternativa los métodos clásicos masivamente aceptados. Como objetivos adicionales de la monografía se tienen aplicar el PFEM a problemas complejos pertenecientes a la pulvimetalurgia, exhibir sus potencialidades en otros campos de la ingeniería y vislumbrar algunas líneas de investigación y desarrollo futuros.
Abstract
El objetivo primario del trabajo es desarrollar desde el enfoque de la ingeniería la metodología PFEM, la cual se fundamenta en una reinterpretación [...]
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Flood. An open source neural networks C++ library
R. López

Monograph CIMNE (2010). M120

Abstract
The multilayer perceptron is an important model of neural network, and much of the literature in the eld is referred to that model. The multilayer perceptron has found a wide range of applications, which include function re- gression, pattern recognition, time series prediction, optimal control, optimal shape design or inverse problems. All these problems can be formulated as variational problems. That neural network can learn either from databases or from mathematical models. Flood is a comprehensive class library which implements the multilayer perceptron in the C++ programming language. It has been developed follow- ing the functional analysis and calculus of variations theories. In this regard, this software tool can be used for the whole range of applications mentioned above. Flood also provides a workaround for the solution of function opti- mization problems.
Abstract
The multilayer perceptron is an important model of neural network, and much of the literature in the eld is referred to that model. The multilayer perceptron has found a [...]
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Numerical modelling of crack formation in powder compaction processes
J. Hernández, J. Oliver, J. Cante

Monograph CIMNE (2009). M114

Abstract
The primary objective of this work is precisely to fill this gap by developing a constitutive model that attempts to describe the mechanical behavior of the powder during both pressing and ejection phases, with special emphasis on the representation of the cracking phenomenon. The constitutive relationships are derived within the general framework of rate-independent, isotropic, finite strain elastoplasticity. The yield function is defined in stress space by three surfaces intersecting nonsmoothly, namely, an elliptical cap and two classical Von Mises and Drucker-Prager yield surfaces. The distinct irreversible processes occurring at the microscopic level are macroscopically described in terms of two internal variables: an internal hardening variable, associated with accumulated compressive (plastic) strains, and an internal softening variable, linked with accumulated (plastic) shear strains. The innovative part of our modeling approach is connected mainly with the characterization of the latter phenomenological aspect: strain softening. Incorporation of a softening law permits the representation of macroscopic cracks as high gradients of inelastic strains (strain localization). Motivated by both numerical and physical reasons, a parabolic plastic potential function is introduced to describe the plastic flow on the linear Drucker-Prager failure surface. A thermodynamically consistent calibration procedure is employed to relate material parameters involved in the softening law to fracture energy values obtained experimentally on Distaloy AE specimens.
Abstract
The primary objective of this work is precisely to fill this gap by developing a constitutive model that attempts to describe the mechanical behavior of the powder during [...]
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Regularized maxwell equations and nodal finite elements for electromagnetic field computations in frequency domain
R. Otín, E. Oñate

Monograph CIMNE (2011). M123

Abstract
In this work we present an alternative approach to the usual finite element formulation based on edge elements and double-curl Maxwell equations. This alternative approach is based on nodal elements and regularized Maxwell equations. The advantages are that, without adding extra unknowns (such as Lagrange multipliers), it provides spurious-free solutions and well-conditioned matrices. Besides, its integral representation involves a less singular kernel (order 1 instead of 3), which makes this approach best suited to hybridization with integral numerical techniques. On the other hand, a new set of difficulties arises that were not present in the classical formulation. The main drawback is that a globally wrong solution is obtained when the electromagnetic field has a singularity in the problem domain. Also, boundary conditions and field discontinuities are more laborious to implement. This work explains how to overcome these difficulties and demonstrates that accurate solutions can be obtained with nodal elements and the regularized formulation. We also present ERMES, the C++ implementation of the finite element approach depicted above and the main deliverable of this work. We compute with ERMES the scattering parameters of microwave filters and the specific absorption rate induced in a body when exposed to electromagnetic fields. ERMES is also the computational tool used in two novel numerical models introduced in this work. The first one characterizes electromagnetic metal forming processes and the second one the transfer impedance of cable shields. The electromagnetic metal forming model calculates the driving Lorentz force and estimates the optimum frequency at which it is attained the maximum workpiece deformation. The main advantage of the approach is that it provides an explicit relation between the capacitance of the capacitor bank and the frequency of the discharge, which is a key parameter in the design of an electromagnetic forming system. The successful application of the regularized formulation in this model reveals its excellent behavior in the low-frequency (quasi-static) regime. The second numerical model introduced in this work computes the transfer impedance of cable shields. The model reproduces the high frequency behavior of the transfer impedance more accurately than the approaches found in the literature and, moreover, it is able to analyze a wider variety of geometries and materials.
Abstract
In this work we present an alternative approach to the usual finite element formulation based on edge elements and double-curl Maxwell equations. This alternative approach [...]
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Numerical simulation of industrial sheet forming processes
E. Oñate

Monograph CIMNE (1993). M23

Abstract
This monograph presents different finite element based mathematical models and computational methods for numerical simulation of industrial sheet metal forming processes.
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II International Workshop. Information Technologies and Computing Techniques for the Agro-Food Sector
E. Balsa, J. Mora, J. Banga, E. Oñate

Monograph CIMNE (2003). M86

Abstract
This monographs of proceedings includes all extended abstracts, which will be presented during the AfoT. These presentations will cover a wide range of topics: - Modelling and simulation operations and process plants. - Food process optimisation, scheduling and control. - Food properties measurements and quality control. - Simulation of complex processes, for example those requiring computational fluid dynamics, CFD. - The use of new information technologies to develop decision support sytems.
Abstract
This monographs of proceedings includes all extended abstracts, which will be presented during the AfoT. These presentations will cover a wide range of topics: - [...]
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Métodos avanzados de cálculo de estructuras de materiales compuestos
E. Oñate, S. Oller, S. Botello, J. Miquel

Monograph CIMNE (1991). M3

Abstract
Se presenta una panorámica del estado del arte de los métodos más actuales para análisis de estructuras con materiales compuestos, incidiendo particularmente en los métodos para análisis de vehículos industriales como materiales compuestos
Abstract
Se presenta una panorámica del estado del arte de los métodos más actuales para análisis de estructuras con materiales compuestos, incidiendo particularmente [...]
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Simulación numérica de la aerodinámica de vehículos
J. Miquel, G. Bugeda, E. Oñate

Monograph CIMNE (1991). M2

Abstract
Este trabajo analiza las posibilidades de simulación numérica del flujo aerodinámico alrededor de vehículos automotores, desde un doble punto de vista: metodología a utilizar y desarrollo de las aplicaciones que tal tipo de estudios tienen en los vehículos automotores. A lo largo del desarrollo del mismo, quedan patentes una serie de herramientas mediante las cuales es posible realizar tal tipo de simulación numérica. Dichos estudios revisten una gran importancia si se quiere conocer el comportamiento de los vehículos automotores en condiciones de operación, afectando a aspectos tan importantes como seguridad, ruido, estabilidad, consumo de combustible, ventilación, etc.
Abstract
Este trabajo analiza las posibilidades de simulación numérica del flujo aerodinámico alrededor de vehículos automotores, desde un doble punto de [...]
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Cool steam method for desalinating seawater
P. Arnau, N. Navarro, J. Soraluce, J. Martínez-Iglesias, J. Illas, E. Oñate

Water (2019). Vol. 11 (11), 16 pp.

Abstract
Cool steam is an innovative distillation technology based on low-temperature thermal distillation (LTTD), which allows obtaining fresh water from non-safe water sources with substantially low energy consumption. LTTD consists of distilling at low temperatures by lowering the working pressure and making the most of low-grade heat sources (either natural or artificial) to evaporate water and then condensate it at a cooler heat sink. To perform the process, an external heat source is needed that provides the latent heat of evaporation and a temperature gradient to maintain the distillation cycle. Depending on the available temperature gradient, several stages can be implemented, leading to a multi-stage device. The cool steam device can thus be single or multi-stage, being raw water fed to every stage from the top and evaporated in contact with the warmer surface within the said stage. Acting as a heat carrier, the water vapor travels to the cooler surface and condensates in contact with it. The latent heat of condensation is then conducted through the conductive wall to the next stage. Net heat flux is then established from the heat source until the heat sink, allowing distilling water inside every parallel stage.
Abstract
Cool steam is an innovative distillation technology based on low-temperature thermal distillation (LTTD), which allows obtaining fresh water from non-safe water sources with [...]
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ECONOMIA DEL COMPORTAMIENTO APLICADA A LAS TELECOMUNICACIONES
F. Legaspe, F. Legaspe Gabrielli

Collection of Articles on Economics, Econometrics and Finance (2019). 1

Abstract
A nivel mundial, el mercado de servicios de telefonía móvil es un mercado relativamente nuevo que presenta un gran dinamismo. Generalmente su estructura es oligopólica, dando lugar a ineficiencias asignativas, esto es, el consumidor paga un precio superior al costo marginal de provisión y por lo tanto su excedente es menor que el que obtendría en situaciones de competencia perfecta. El mercado argentino no es la excepción. El objetivo de esta investigación es sugerir, un conjunto de medidas que, sin alterar el cuadro tarifario de los prestadores, refuercen el régimen de protección de los consumidores e incrementen el nivel de satisfacción de los mismos. En particular, la investigación se focalizará en tres problemáticas que son consideradas de especial relevancia: los problemas de información, los errores en la toma de decisiones y la baja calidad de los servicios de atención al cliente. El marco teórico utilizado para el análisis es el de economía del comportamiento que, al revalorizar aspectos sociológicos y psicológicos del consumidor, dota de un mayor realismo al análisis económico convencional. Se proponen diversas medidas para cada una de las problemáticas. Para resolver los problemas de información se propone que se presente la información en formatos simplificados y en momentos críticos. En cuanto a los errores en la toma de decisiones se sugiere disminuir los costos de traspaso, eliminar las opciones predeterminadas y crear un sistema que indique a los usuarios su plan mensual óptimo. Se propone también generar incentivos para que las empresas aumenten la calidad de los servicios de atención al cliente, para lograr esto se recomienda unificar las plataformas de reclamos de las compañías y crear un sistema de recompensas para incentivas feedback de los usuarios.
Abstract
A nivel mundial, el mercado de servicios de telefonía móvil es un mercado relativamente nuevo que presenta un gran dinamismo. Generalmente su estructura es oligopólica, [...]
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ExaQUte Leaflet
C. Soriano

Open Access Repository of the ExaQUte project (2019). 2

Abstract
ExaQUte Leaflet
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ExaQUte_4_Everyone
C. Soriano

Open Access Repository of the ExaQUte project (2019). 1

Abstract
ExaQUte Description for the general public
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Detection of highly pathogenic avian inﬂuenza A(H5N6) viruses in waterfowl in Bangladesh
A. Virology, . May, S. Ghosh

(Select a year).

Abstract
Bangladesh has reported repeated outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian inﬂuenza (HPAI) A(H5) viruses in poultry since 2007. Because of the large number of live poultry markets (LPM) relative to the population density of poultry throughout the country, these markets can serve as sentinel sites for HPAI A(H5) detection. Through active LPM surveillance during June 2016–June 2017, HPAI A(H5N6) viruses along with 14 other subtypes of inﬂuenza A viruses were detected. The HPAI A(H5N6) viruses belonged to clade 2.3.4.4 and were likely introduced into Bangladesh around March 2016. Human infections with inﬂuenza clade 2.3.4.4 viruses in Bangladesh have not been identiﬁed, but the viruses had several molecular markers associated with potential human infection. Vigilant surveillance at the animal-human interface is essential to identify emerging avian inﬂuenza viruses with the potential to threaten public and animal health.
Abstract
Bangladesh has reported repeated outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian inﬂuenza (HPAI) A(H5) viruses in poultry since 2007. Because of the large number of live poultry markets [...]
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Awareness of rabies and response to dog bites in a Bangladesh community
S. Ghosh

(Select a year).

Abstract
Community awareness regarding rabies and treatment seeking behaviours are critical both for the prevention and control of the disease in human and animals. We conducted a study to explore people’s awareness about rabies, their attitudes towards dogs and practices associated with treating dog bites in Satkhira Sadar, a southwestern sub-district of Bangladesh. Of the total 3200 households (HHs) surveyed, the majority of the respondents have heard about rabies (73%) and there was a high level of awareness that dog bite is the main cause of rabies (86%), and that rabies can be prevented by vaccination (85%). However, 59% of the dog bite victims first seek treatment from traditional healers instead of visiting the hospitals, 29% received the rabies vaccine, 2% practiced proper wound washing with soap and water, while 4.8% have not taken any measures. None of the victims have received rabies immunoglobulin (RIG). Of the respondents, 5.2% reported a history of dog bite in at least one family member, and 11.8% reported a history of dog bite in domestic animals during the previous year. The HHs having a higher number of family members (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07–1.2), having a pet dog (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4–3.2) and caring or feeding a community dog (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4–2.9) showed an increased risk of getting a dog bite. Among the bite victims, 3.6% (n= 6) humans and 15.8% (n = 60) animals died. As a measure for dog population management (DPM), 56% preferred sterilization while the rest preferred killing of dogs. The current treatment seeking behaviours of the respondents should be improved through additional education and awareness programme and better availability for the provision of post-exposure prophylaxis in Bangladesh. We recommend scaling up national mass dog vaccination and DPM to reduce the burden of rabies cases and dog bites in Bangladesh.
Abstract
Community awareness regarding rabies and treatment seeking behaviours are critical both for the prevention and control of the disease in human and animals. We conducted a [...]
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A Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD) approach to crack propagation in brittle materials: with application to random field material properties
H. Garikapati, S. Zlotnik, C. Verhoosel, E. Brummelen, P. Diez

Computational Mechanics (2019). (Preprint) pp. 1-23

Abstract
Understanding the failure of brittle heterogeneous materials is essential in many applications. Heterogeneities in material properties are frequently modeled through random fields, which typically induces the need to solve finite element problems for a large number of realizations. In this context, we make use of reduced order modeling to solve these problems at an affordable computational cost. This paper proposes a reduced order modeling framework to predict crack propagation in brittle materials with random heterogeneities. The framework is based on a combination of the Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD) method with Griffith’s global energy criterion. The PGD framework provides an explicit parametric solution for the physical response of the system. We illustrate that a non-intrusive sampling-based technique can be applied as a postprocessing operation on the explicit solution provided by PGD.We first validate the framework using a global energy approach on a deterministic two-dimensional linear elastic fracture mechanics benchmark. Subsequently, we apply the reduced order modeling approach to a stochastic fracture propagation problem.
Abstract
Understanding the failure of brittle heterogeneous materials is essential in many applications. Heterogeneities in material properties are frequently modeled through random [...]
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A new 3D equilibrated residual method improving accuracy and efficiency of flux‐free error estimates
N. Parés, P. Diez

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2019). (Preprint) Vol. 120, pp. 391-432

Abstract
The paper presents a novel strategy providing fully computable upper bounds for the energy norm of the error in the context of three‐dimensional linear finite element approximations of the reaction‐diffusion equation. The upper bounds are guaranteed regardless the size of the finite element mesh and the given data, and all the constants involved are fully computable. The upper bound property holds if the shape of the domain is polyhedral and the Dirichlet boundary conditions are piecewise‐linear. The new approach is an extension of the flux‐free methodology introduced by Parés and Díez in the paper “A new equilibrated residual method improving accuracy and efficiency of flux‐free error estimates”, which introduces a guaranteed, low‐cost, and efficient flux‐free method substantially reducing the computational cost of obtaining guaranteed bounds using flux‐free methods while retaining the good quality of the bounds. Besides extending the 2D methodology, specific new modifications are introduced to further reduce the computational cost in the three‐dimensional setting. The presented methodology also provides a new strategy to obtain equilibrated boundary tractions, which improves the quality of standard techniques while having a similar computational cost.
Abstract
The paper presents a novel strategy providing fully computable upper bounds for the energy norm of the error in the context of three‐dimensional linear finite element approximations [...]
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Sampling-based stochastic analysis of the PKN model for hydraulic fracturing
H. Garikapati, C. Verhoosel, E. Brummelen, S. Zlotnik, P. Diez

Computational Geosciences (2019). (Preprint) Vol. 23 (1), pp. 81-105

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing processes are surrounded by uncertainty, as available data is typically scant. In this work, we present a sampling-based stochastic analysis of the hydraulic fracturing process by considering various system parameters to be random. Our analysis is based on the Perkins-Kern-Nordgren (PKN) model for hydraulic fracturing. This baseline model enables computation of high fidelity solutions, which avoids pollution of our stochastic results by inaccuracies in the deterministic solution procedure. In order to obtain the desired degree of accuracy of the computed solution, we supplement the employed time-dependent moving-mesh finite element method with two new enhancements: (i) global conservation of volume is enforced through a Lagrange multiplier; (ii) the weakly singular behavior of the solution at the fracture tip is resolved by supplementing the solution space with a tip enrichment function. This tip enrichment function enables the computation of the tip speed directly from its associated solution coefficient. A novel incremental-iterative solution procedure based on a backward-Euler time-integrator with sub-iterations is employed to solve the PKN model. Direct Monte-Carlo sampling is performed based on random variable and random field input parameters. The presented stochastic results quantify the dependence of the fracture evolution process—in particular the fracture length and fracture opening—on variations in the elastic properties and leak-off coefficient of the formation, and the height of the fracture.
Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing processes are surrounded by uncertainty, as available data is typically scant. In this work, we present a sampling-based stochastic analysis of the hydraulic [...]
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Algebraic and parametric solvers for the power flow problem: towards real-time and accuracy-guaranteed simulation of electric systems
R. García-Blanco, P. Diez, D. Borzacchiello, F. Chinesta

Archives of Comp. Meths. Engng. (2018). (Preprint) Vol. 25 (4), pp. 1003-1026

Abstract
The power flow model performs the analysis of electric distribution and transmission systems. With this statement at hand, in this work we present a summary of those solvers for the power flow equations, in both algebraic and parametric version. The application of the Alternating Search Direction method to the power flow problem is also detailed. This results in a family of iterative solvers that combined with Proper Generalized Decomposition technique allows to solve the parametric version of the equations. Once the solution is computed using this strategy, analyzing the network state or solving optimization problems, with inclusion of generation in real-time, becomes a straightforward procedure since the parametric solution is available. Complementing this approach, an error strategy is implemented at each step of the iterative solver. Thus, error indicators are used as an stopping criteria controlling the accuracy of the approximation during the construction process. The application of these methods to the model IEEE 57-bus network is taken as a numerical illustration.
Abstract
The power flow model performs the analysis of electric distribution and transmission systems. With this statement at hand, in this work we present a summary of those solvers [...]
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Algebraic PGD for tensor separation and compression: An algorithmic approach
P. Diez, S. Zlotnik, A. García-González, A. Huerta

Comptes Rendus Mécanique (2018). (Preprint) Vol. 346 (7), pp. 501-514

Abstract
Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD) is devised as a computational method to solve high-dimensional boundary value problems (where many dimensions are associated with the space of parameters defining the problem). The PGD philosophy consists in providing a separated representation of the multidimensional solution using a greedy approach combined with an alternated directions scheme to obtain the successive rank-one terms. This paper presents an algorithmic approach to high-dimensional tensor separation based on solving the Least Squares approximation in a separable format of multidimensional tensor using PGD. This strategy is usually embedded in a standard PGD code in order to compress the solution (reduce the number of terms and optimize the available storage capacity), but it stands also as an alternative and highly competitive method for tensor separation.
Abstract
Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD) is devised as a computational method to solve high-dimensional boundary value problems (where many dimensions are associated [...]
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Numerical estimation of the bearing capacity of resistance spot welds in martensitic boron steels using a J-integral fracture criterion
D. Dorribo, L. Greve, P. Diez, I. Arias, X. Larráyoz-Izcara

Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics (2018). (Preprint) Vol. 96, pp. 497-508

Abstract
Predicting the bearing capacity of resistance spot welds (RSW) during vehicle crash tests has become a crucial task for the automotive industry, since the recent introduction of advanced high strength steels (AHSS) such as martensitic boron steels (e.g. 22MnB5). The spot weld joints of these steels exhibit relatively low bearing strengths, compared to those of more ductile high strength steels. Currently, the bearing capacity of spot weld joints is characterized through extensive experimental campaigns. In this article, a model for quantification of the bearing capacity of RSW using a finite-element J-integral fracture criterion is presented. The model takes into account geometric and mechanical features of the spot weld, namely the weld diameter and the mechanical properties distribution resulting from the welding process. An experimental loading test campaign is carried out for calibration and validation purposes, considering multiple sheet thickness combinations, loading angles and weld sizes. Experimental observations of the failed spot welds and preliminary simulations show that failure is caused mostly by stress concentration around the sharp weld notch. Consequently, the J-integral obtained from detailed finite element simulations is used to asses the stress/strain concentration along the first crack advance direction predicted by the acoustic tensor. The computed J-integral values are compared to the material toughness to obtain the joint’s maximum force. The resulting simulated and experimental bearing capacities show a good agreement for all tested configurations.
Abstract
Predicting the bearing capacity of resistance spot welds (RSW) during vehicle crash tests has become a crucial task for the automotive industry, since the recent introduction [...]
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Método Numérico Basado en Cálculo Exterior Discreto Para la Discretización de la Ecuación de Convección - Difusión
M. Noguez, S. Botello, R. Herrera

Revista Mexicana de Métodos Numéricos (2019). Vol. 3, 4

Abstract
Mientras que la discretización con Cálculo Exterior Discreto (DEC) del término elíptico de la ecuación de Transporte, también conocida como la Ecuación de Convección - Difusión, está bien documentada y establecida, la discretización del término convectivo, así como su estabilización siguen siendo un tema de investigación. En este trabajo se propone una discretización local de la Ecuación de Transporte homogénea, isótropa y con flujo incompresible, basada en DEC y fundamentada en argumentos geométricos. Debido a que el método numérico obtenido para el termino convectivo es similar al de Elemento Finito con funciones de interpolación lineales (FEML), se pueden aprovechar algunas técnicas conocidas para la estabilización de la ecuación. Empleando esta característica, las pruebas numéricas se llevan a cabo en mallas que varían de gruesas a finas para comparar los resultados obtenidos con DEC y FEML, y para mostrar convergencia numérica en problemas estacionarios. La estabilización de la ecuación es llevada a cabo mediante Difusión Artificial.
Abstract
Mientras que la discretización con Cálculo Exterior Discreto (DEC) del término elíptico de la ecuación de Transporte, también conocida [...]
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A non-intrusive proper generalized decomposition scheme with application in biomechanics
X. Zou, M. Conti, P. Diez, F. Auricchio

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. (2018). (Preprint) Vol. 113 (2), pp. 230-251

Abstract
Proper generalized decomposition (PGD) is often used for multi-query and fast-response simulations. It is a powerful tool alleviating the curse of dimensionality affecting multi-parametric partial differential equations. Most implementations of PGD are intrusive extensions based on in-house developed finite element (FE) solvers. In this work, we propose a non-intrusive PGD scheme using off-the-shelf FE codes (such as certified commercial software) as an external solver. The scheme is implemented and monitored by in-house flow-control codes. A typical implementation is provided with downloadable codes. Moreover, a novel parametric separation strategy for the PGD resolution is presented. The parametric space is split into two- or three-dimensional subspaces, to allow PGD technique solving problems with constrained parametric spaces, achieving higher convergence ratio. Numerical examples are provided. In particular, a practical example in biomechanics is included, with potential application to patient-specific simulation.
Abstract
Proper generalized decomposition (PGD) is often used for multi-query and fast-response simulations. It is a powerful tool alleviating the curse of dimensionality affecting [...]
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Explicit parametric solutions of lattice structures with proper generalized decomposition (PGD)
A. Sibileau, A. García-González, F. Auricchio, S. Morganti, P. Diez

Computational Mechanics (2018). (Preprint) Vol. 62 (4), pp. 871-891

Abstract
Architectured materials (or metamaterials) are constituted by a unit-cell with a complex structural design repeated periodically forming a bulk material with emergent mechanical properties. One may obtain specific macro-scale (or bulk) properties in the resulting architectured material by properly designing the unit-cell. Typically, this is stated as an optimal design problem in which the parameters describing the shape and mechanical properties of the unit-cell are selected in order to produce the desired bulk characteristics. This is especially pertinent due to the ease manufacturing of these complex structures with 3D printers. The proper generalized decomposition provides explicit parametic solutions of parametric PDEs. Here, the same ideas are used to obtain parametric solutions of the algebraic equations arising from lattice structural models. Once the explicit parametric solution is available, the optimal design problem is a simple post-process. The same strategy is applied in the numerical illustrations, first to a unit-cell (and then homogenized with periodicity conditions), and in a second phase to the complete structure of a lattice material specimen.
Abstract
Architectured materials (or metamaterials) are constituted by a unit-cell with a complex structural design repeated periodically forming a bulk material with emergent mechanical [...]
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Numerical Modelling of Multi-Phase Multi-Component. Reactive Transport in the Earth’s interior
B. Oliveira, J. Afonso, S. Zlotnik, P. Diez

Geophysical Journal International (2018). (Preprint) Vol. 212 (1), pp. 345-388

Abstract
We present a conceptual and numerical approach to model processes in the Earth’s interior that involve multiple phases that simultaneously interact thermally, mechanically and chemically. The approach is truly multiphase in the sense that each dynamic phase is explicitly modelled with an individual set of mass, momentum, energy and chemical mass balance equations coupled via interfacial interaction terms. It is also truly multicomponent in the sense that the compositions of the system and its constituent phases are expressed by a full set of fundamental chemical components (e.g. SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, etc.) rather than proxies. These chemical components evolve, react with and partition into different phases according to an internally consistent thermodynamic model. We combine concepts from Ensemble Averaging and Classical Irreversible Thermodynamics to obtain sets of macroscopic balance equations that describe the evolution of systems governed by multiphase multicomponent reactive transport (MPMCRT). Equilibrium mineral assemblages, their compositions and physical properties, and closure relations for the balance equations are obtained via a ‘dynamic’ Gibbs free-energy minimization procedure (i.e. minimizations are performed on-the-fly as needed by the simulation). Surface tension and surface energy contributions to the dynamics and energetics of the system are taken into account. We show how complex rheologies, that is, visco-elasto-plastic, and/or different interfacial models can be incorporated into our MPMCRT ensemble-averaged formulation. The resulting model provides a reliable platform to study the dynamics and nonlinear feedbacks of MPMCRT systems of different nature and scales, as well as to make realistic comparisons with both geophysical and geochemical data sets. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the benefits and limitations of the model.
Abstract
We present a conceptual and numerical approach to model processes in the Earth’s interior that involve multiple phases that simultaneously interact thermally, mechanically [...]
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A time-domain second-order FEM model for the wave diffraction-radiation problem. Validation with a semisubmersible platform
B. Servan Camas, J. Gutiérrez Romero, J. García-Espinosa

Marine Structures (2018). Volume 58, Pages 278-300

Abstract
A finite element method for the solution of the up-to-second-order wave diffraction-radiation problem in the time-domain is proposed. The solver has been verified against available analytical solutions, and validated against experimental data available for the HiPRWind semisubmersible platform (designed for floating wind turbines). To perform the validation, the wave diffraction-radiation solver is coupled to a body dynamics and mooring solvers in the time-domain. The HiPRWind movements and mooring forces have been compared for a large number of test cases, including decay tests, monochromatic waves, and bichromatic waves obtaining good agreement for both, body movements and mooring forces.
Abstract
A finite element method for the solution of the up-to-second-order wave diffraction-radiation problem in the time-domain is proposed. The solver has been verified against [...]
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Efficient aeroelastic analysis of inflatable structures using enhanced potential flow aerodynamics
E. Ortega, R. Flores, E. Cuartero, E. Oñate

Journal of Fluids and Structures (2019). Vol. 90, pp. 230-245

Abstract
An efficient method for the aeroelastic analysis of wind effects on inflatable structures is presented. The solution scheme is staggered and uses an explicit finite-element structural solver and potential flow aerodynamics. In order to take into account the essential features of the flow around blunt-shaped structures, a physics-based correction of the inviscid solution is proposed. The procedure involves automatic prediction of the detached flow areas (using Stratford’s criterion) and an empirical modification of the calculated pressure field intended to match the real viscous behavior. Several validation benchmarks and a realistic application example are presented. The results show the capability of the model to predict the wind loads on the structure with sufficient accuracy and low computational cost, making it possible to use aeroelastic analysis for routine calculation of inflatable structures.
Abstract
An efficient method for the aeroelastic analysis of wind effects on inflatable structures is presented. The solution scheme is staggered and uses an explicit finite-element [...]
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Susana Raffalli a real activist of the nutrition in Venezuela
L. Peña, L. Hurtado

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2019). 11

Abstract
Sr Director. Hemos realizado, con interés, un seguimiento de las acciones de la Dra. Susana Raffalli, nutricionista y activista venezolana que ha realizado cuantiosas investigaciones tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, evaluando los riesgos de desnutrición en infantes, adolescentes y adultos en zonas de alto riesgo y pobreza extrema de países como Filipinas, Camboya, Pakistán y Angola, entre otros 1 . La Dra. Raffalli realizó sus estudios en la Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), donde se graduó como nutricionista, aunque su carrera estudiantil no termina ahí, ya que una amiga le recomendó el considerar una maestría en Nutrición Internacional Pública en la Escuela de Salud Pública de John Hopkin.
Abstract
Sr Director. Hemos realizado, con interés, un seguimiento de las acciones de la Dra. Susana Raffalli, nutricionista y activista venezolana que ha realizado cuantiosas [...]
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Writing in parasitology and plagiarism
L. Traviezo

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2019). 10

Abstract
Sr. Director, leyendo con detenimiento un interesante artículopresentado en la Revista Evidencias en Odontología Clínica 1que trataba sobre “Manifestaciones clínicas bucales enpacientes con amebiasis y giardiasis en Espinar, Cusco” 1 ; seapreció el manejo errado de la terminología parasitológica y deotros elementos de forma y fondo que son importantes aclarar,especialmente para la mejor comprensión de estudiantes yrecién egresados que se pueden confundir al leer dicho artículo.Es así que se refieren los siguientes elementos:
Abstract
Sr. Director, leyendo con detenimiento un interesante artículopresentado en la Revista Evidencias en Odontología Clínica 1que trataba sobre “Manifestaciones [...]
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Dr. Plácido Rodríguez Rivero, eponymous Central Hospital of San Felipe, Yaracuy State
W. García

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2019). 9

Abstract
Con la incorporación del Dr. Placido Daniel Rodríguez Riveroa la Academia Nacional de la Historia con su obra “Origen yDesarrollo de San Felipe El Fuerte”, se conocieron reveladorasverdades sobre la historia de la vieja ciudad colonial, gracias alintenso trabajo investigativo realizado por este eminentesanfelipeño que llego incluso a ser presidente de la AcademiaNacional de Medicina y rector de la Universidad Central deVenezuela.
Abstract
Con la incorporación del Dr. Placido Daniel Rodríguez Riveroa la Academia Nacional de la Historia con su obra “Origen yDesarrollo de San Felipe El Fuerte”, [...]
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First Hospital of San Felipe, Yaracuy State. Venezuela
W. García

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2019). 8

Abstract
La ciudad de siempre ha visto con ojos de agradecimiento las cosas que la han hecho sentir honrada y profundamente humana. Y ve como ha sido altamente positiva la llegada a San Felipe (estado Yaracuy, Venezuela) de la Congregación de las Hermanas Recoletas del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús y el funcionamiento del Hospital “San Agustín”, el primero de la ciudad.
Abstract
La ciudad de siempre ha visto con ojos de agradecimiento las cosas que la han hecho sentir honrada y profundamente humana. Y ve como ha sido altamente positiva la llegada [...]
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The convergence of the traditional sociomedical and the contemporary biomedical paradigms: is it possible?
R. Franco

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2019). 6

Abstract
This essay lays out some thoughts regarding the social healing practices that coexist with scientific Medicine in Venezuela, pursuant towhat has been expressed by expert doctors, young specialist doctors and users of the healthcare services in the Socialist Venezuela of the21 st century. The interest of such research focused on interpreting with a critical spirit the meanings of the medical discourse regarding thecharacteristics of scientific and pre-scientific medicine, as well as the users’ experiences who combined scientific medicine withtraditional medicine practices in the search for a solution to their health problems. I took the critical analysis of discourse described byTeun Van Dijk as core of the investigation. I found differences between medical voices: While expert doctors centered their attention onthe importance of scientific Medicine, its achievements, challenges and contradictions, thinking about the need to apply scientificmedicine in order to reveal truths hidden by traditional practices, young doctors focused their attention on the supremacy of scientifictraining during medical education, the discrimination suffered by traditional healing practices under medical training and medicalpractice, as opposed to the frequent use of traditional healing practices in the rural and urban populations they have assisted. Theconcerns expressed by users of the healthcare services revealed a complementary coexistence of Medicine and traditional practices. Toconclude, the horizons of change that might a complementary coexistence be useful for the reconstruction of the Healthcare System inVenezuela were presented: Critical & Theoretical Integration of the Contemporary Biomedical and Traditional Sociomedical Paradigmsfrom an interdisciplinary point of view.
Abstract
This essay lays out some thoughts regarding the social healing practices that coexist with scientific Medicine in Venezuela, pursuant towhat has been expressed by expert doctors, [...]
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Resilience in health workers of a pediatric intensive care unit
A. Rodríguez, M. Ortunio

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2019). 5

Abstract
Health professionals are subject to stressful situations almost daily, the current Venezuelan reality means that thesesituations are not limited only to the workplace but even to the daily life of all citizens; In this sense, the successfulresolution of these situations will depend on the subject's own resilience, which will help reduce stress, improvephysical and mental well-being and therefore the quality of service provided. Distribute the professionals according tosocial-labor variables; Determine the levels of resilience. A quantitative, correlational, non-experimental research wascarried out. The population was constituted by the health personnel that worked in the PICU and the sample by 33workers who met the inclusion criteria: more than 6 months working in the PICU. The average age was 38.6 years.More than 80% was female. The highest proportion was married (45.5%) and was from the nursing area (60.6%). Morethan 90% had at least more than 2 years of seniority. 45.5% presented average levels of resilience
Abstract
Health professionals are subject to stressful situations almost daily, the current Venezuelan reality means that thesesituations are not limited only to the workplace but [...]
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Malaria in indigenous of Lower Caura. Sucre and Cedeño municipalities, Bolívar State, Venezuela
Y. Barrada, P. Castillo, M. Orozco, G. Rojas, R. Mejía, L. Ybarra, R. Rondón

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2019). 4

Abstract
Malaria is a hemoparasitosis caused by intracellular protozoa belonging to the genus Plasmodium and transmitted by the bite of femalemosquitoes of the genus Anopheles . A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in the indigenous communities of Bajo Caura,Sucre and Cedeño municipalities, Bolívar state, Venezuela, during the 2015-2016 period. The sample consisted of 244 inhabitants ofthe communities under study. An epidemiological survey was applied to each participant and a blood sample was taken by capillarypuncture, with prior consent and informed settlement. The diagnosis was made by direct parasitological methods of thick blood smearand smear. To relate the presence of malaria and epidemiological variables, the chi-square independence test was applied. Theobserved frequency was 7.0%, all detected cases belong to the Sucre municipality. Female people younger than 10 years of age weremore vulnerable to infection. The species Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax were identified, the latter being the mostprevalent. The variables fever, symptomatology associated with malaria, degree of knowledge of the disease and type of housing, wereassociated with infection by Plasmodium spp. Under the conditions of this study it is concluded that, in spite of the results found in theindigenous communities, there is a focus of active malaria transmission. Finally, the information obtained represents a contribution atthe moment of making decisions regarding the components such as surveillance, control and health promotion around malaria.
Abstract
Malaria is a hemoparasitosis caused by intracellular protozoa belonging to the genus Plasmodium and transmitted by the bite of femalemosquitoes of the genus Anopheles . A [...]
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Knowledge of health professionals on interpersonal conflicts and labor harassment
I. Colmenárez, N. Quero

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2019). 3

Abstract
Interpersonal relationships are fundamental for the development of society, however, disagreements, needs and particularinterests are the perfect breeding ground to generate conflicts, the problem lies in the course that these conflicts can take.Daza, Pérez and López, (1998) affirm that, workplace harassment does not occur exclusively for causes directly related to theperformance of work or its organization, but rather it has its origin in the interpersonal relationships established in any socialentity. The objective of this research was to determine the level of knowledge that occupational health professionals have inrelation to the criteria that intervene in the diagnosis of situations associated with interpersonal conflicts and workplaceharassment. The methodology was based on a non-experimental field research descriptive type. The population consisted of50 professionals who went to the registry of professionals of safety and health before the Institute of Prevention ofOccupational Health and Safety in the period of January / December 2017, a non-probabilistic sample was taken as intentional,as Exclusion criteria were taken only by health professionals at work. For the data collection a questionnaire of 30dichotomous items was designed. The results revealed that the professionals studied had difficulties in recognizing the factorsthat intervene in the diagnosis of the variables of interest. It is concluded that these professionals have a medium level ofknowledge in relation to the elements that intervene in the diagnosis of situations associated with interpersonal conflicts andworkplace harassment.
Abstract
Interpersonal relationships are fundamental for the development of society, however, disagreements, needs and particularinterests are the perfect breeding ground to generate [...]
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A necessary refletión
R. Gásperi

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2019). 1

Abstract
Tomando como punto de partida reflexiones de editoriales anteriores, nos referiremos al paradigma de lacomplejidad para tratar de explicar problemas sociales y salud enfermedad de la población en la población infantilpor su vulnerabilidad, magnitud y complejidad para entenderlo. Este paradigma propone articular lasinterdependencias de los saberes disciplinarios o especializados, y concibe una organización o complejidad sistémicaentre el todo y las partes, que le permite ser capaz de auto-eco-reproducirse y regenerarse al relacionarse con sumedio o entorno. Bajo este enfoque la Salud pública se convierte en un crisol donde pueden converger muchasdisciplinas para entender y abordar los problemas que afectan el bienestar de la población desde esa visión complejade su entorno que incluya lo físico, psicológico, antroposocial, espiritual, lo cultural y lo político e ideológicamenteconstruido.
Abstract
Tomando como punto de partida reflexiones de editoriales anteriores, nos referiremos al paradigma de lacomplejidad para tratar de explicar problemas sociales y salud enfermedad [...]
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Cimne & Complas 30 Years - 1987 - 2017
E. Oñate

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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From fracture to fragmentation
F. Witel

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the IV International Conference on Particle-Based Methods. Fundamentals and Applications. (PARTICLES 2015).

Abstract
The nature of fracture phenomena strongly limits engineering solutions to cases, a little bit beyond the regime of linear fracture mechanics. Nevertheless, fracture in brittle disordered materials, dominated by simultaneously growing and dynamically competing cracks is rather ubiquitous [1,2]. From the dynamics of single crack propagation, through the statistics of crack ensembles to the rapid fragmentation of materials, Discrete Element Methods (DEM) helped to enrich the understanding over the past decades. Models of seemingly simple rigid body dynamics with simple contact and cohesive interactions proved to be surprisingly successful for representing dynamic fracture and fragmentation phenomena, emerging from the complex systems dynamics. Today, applications of DEM make a substantial contribution for explaining the mechanical response and breaking phenomena of heterogeneous materials under various types of loading conditions beyond single crack growth [3,4]. Various particle geometries, material response, ways to treat repulsive and cohesive behaviour and of course loss of cohesion, lead to a flexible tool-set of approaches. Strategies for higher order agglomeration, coupling with other simulation techniques for continuum domains or other particle based methods extended the reach of DEM significantly. Ranging from the slowly changing, sub-critical loads to the highly energetic fragmentation, DEM proved to be an indispensable tool for such investigations. In this talk a brief review on the motivations and basic ideas behind the DEM approach to cohesive particulate matter is given. Different ways of introducing cohesion and its loss are discussed in light of fracture in frictional and non-frictional materials beyond the Griffith length of stable crack growth. Among the widespread applications of DEM for the fracture of heterogeneous materials, focus is given on impact comminution of aggregated matter [4]. By providing an improved understanding of comminution processes e.g. in impact mills, one of the energetically least efficient processes on the global scale could be improved – by the use of particle mechanics. It is shown, that a critical impact velocity vcr exists, separating the fracture from the fragmentation regime. Below the critical velocity, fragmentation by repeated impacts can be described by a Basquin type low cycle fatigue law, above vcr Power-law fragment size distributions emerge. This behaviour is robust even for multi-phase materials. In a comparative study it is finally demonstrated, how the milling efficiency can be increased for the same system only by manipulating the shock wave configurations via vibrating targets.
Abstract
The nature of fracture phenomena strongly limits engineering solutions to cases, a little bit beyond the regime of linear fracture mechanics. Nevertheless, fracture in brittle [...]
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Application of SPH to coupled fluid-solid problems in the petroleum industry
J. Williams

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the IV International Conference on Particle-Based Methods. Fundamentals and Applications. (PARTICLES 2015).

Abstract
This talk addresses the application of SPH to problems of hydro-fracturing and fluid-structure interaction. Simulating a hydraulic-fracture propagating in a rock with in-situ joint sets is particularly challenging. Traditional continuum modeling techniques have the advantage of using classical non- linear material models, however they often fail to accurately capture the complexity of the geometry and path of multiple intersecting fractures. In particular, mesh dependence of the fracture path, closing of an opened fracture and shear, present difficulties using these techniques. The use of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method for these problems is relatively recent. Mesh free methods, such as SPH, have the potential to overcome the previously mentioned difficulties of mesh based methods. Simulation of the initiation and propagation of pressure-driven fractures in brittle rocks is presented in this study. By exploiting techniques commonly used in traditional continuum methods, we have developed an elasto-plastic SPH model, which is based on the Drucker-Prager yield criterion, and the Grady-Kipp damage model. The model is validated against Brazil test data. Results are also presented the Brazil test, uni-axial compressive fracture as well as initial results for intersection of dynamic fractures with intersecting joints.
Abstract
This talk addresses the application of SPH to problems of hydro-fracturing and fluid-structure interaction. Simulating a hydraulic-fracture propagating in a rock with in-situ [...]
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Simulation of finite elasto-plastic strains using the Virtual Element Method
P. Wriggers

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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Two-scale characterization of fiber-reinforced polymers with self-heating effect
K. Terada

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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VEM and Inelasticity. Is virtual really reality!
R. Taylor

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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Fracturing in dry and saturated porous media
B. Schrefler

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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Alternative Contact Formulations: a) Dual FEM, (b) Isogeometric Analysis
E. Ramm

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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Biomechanics of the anterior segment of the eye
A. Pandolfi

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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Computational Plasticity: Historical Perspective, Current Progress and Future Prospects
R. Owen

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the XIV International Conference on Computational Plasticity (COMPLAS 2017).
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