Documents published in 2019 : Scipedia

Implementation of a Wireless Sensor Network for Electric Light Bulb Management Using IPv6
C. Egas, D. Viracocha, J. Rivera

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (4), 46

Abstract
In this study the results of the implementation of the wireless sensor network prototype, to manage the luminaires in homes are presented, using Iris sensors nodes, designed to work with battery for long periods of time and with limited processing capabilities. The nodes use 6LoWPAN addresses. The address conversion to IPv6 is done by a gateway. The luminaires are managed using devices connected to IPv6 network, with Android operating system. The correct functioning of the prototype is demonstrated by validating the functionalities of the management system implemented.
Abstract
In this study the results of the implementation of the wireless sensor network prototype, to manage the luminaires in homes are presented, using Iris sensors nodes, designed [...]
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Fruit Quality and Post-Harvest Losses of Organic Bananas (Musa acuminata) in Ecuador
W. Vásquez-Castillo, M. Racines-Oliva, P. Moncayo, W. Viera, M. Seraquive

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (4), 45

Abstract
Ecuador is the world's first banana exporter with more than 317 million boxes per year, and contributes 26 % of agricultural GDP, generating around 2.5 million direct and indirect jobs. Ecuador produces 19 000 ha and exports 36 000 t organic bananas. Postharvest losses fluctuate between 10 and 80 %, caused by inadequate postharvest and crop management. The present study aims to determine the physical and chemical quality of organic fruit and quantify post-harvest losses. The research was carried out in the organic banana plantation located in the province of Los Ríos (Ecuador). A completely randomized block design (DBCA) was used in a 7 x 2 factorial arrangement. The factors were: 1) harvest time (February-August), and 2) quality of export fruit (1st and 2nd) with 3 repetitions. The variables studied were based on 20 clusters. From the results obtained, it follows that the physical and chemical quality of the fruit is influenced by the harvest season, since they grew and developed in different environmental conditions. In general, 82 % of the production is destined for export, since it meets the quality standards.
Abstract
Ecuador is the world's first banana exporter with more than 317 million boxes per year, and contributes 26 % of agricultural GDP, generating around 2.5 million direct [...]
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In Vitro Organic Control Alternatives for Dactylonectria torresensis in Blackberry (Rubus glaucus) in Ecuador
M. Racines-Oliva, E. Tamayo-Gutiérrez, M. Jarrín, F. Báez, C. Tello

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (4), 44

Abstract
The following research evaluated, at laboratory level, the efficiency of fungicides of organic origin against chemical fungicides of conventional use in the control of the growth of Dactylonectria torresensis, considered a pathogen of economic importance that affects the blackberry (Rubus glaucus) in Ecuador. The objective of the study was to find natural, environmentally friendly alternatives that allow obtaining clean food for the population. For this purpose, the efficiency of conventional chemical synthesis fungicides was evaluated: Azoxystrobin, Benomil, Carbendazim, Difeconazole, Fosetyl Aluminum, Tachigaren, Propiconazole, Penconazole, Metalaxil and Thiabendazole each in doses of 100, 10 and 1 ppm, compared to the efficiency of organic synthesis fungicides: neem oil, mirtaceous extract, garlic extract, pentahydrate cupric sulfate, thyme extract, applied in doses of 100, 200, and 300 ppm. It was found that the mirtaceous extract controlled 100 % of the mycelial growth of Dactylonectria torresensis, with results similar to those obtained with Carbendazim and Azoxystrobin, it is concluded that if there is an alternative for the control of the fungus, which could be used commercially by decreasing in this way the use and harmful effects of conventional agrochemicals.
Abstract
The following research evaluated, at laboratory level, the efficiency of fungicides of organic origin against chemical fungicides of conventional use in the control of the [...]
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Evaluation of a wireless Broadband Network for VoIP in Huaytará
L. Núñez-Lira, M. Rosario Villarreal, J. Javier Márquez Camarena, J. Mariño Arroyo

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (4), 43

Abstract
It consists of designing and evaluating the performance of a wireless broadband network in the province of Huaytará, for internet connectivity. It is an applied and experimental investigation where the performance parameters of the network were evaluated. The dependent variable is the capacity of the Wlan cell and the QoS parameters; and as independent variables the coverage and density of the Wlan network. It can be said that for radios up to 8 meters, the experimental client's data rate is higher than the control client's data rate, and for radios greater than 15 meters, the experimental and control client's data rates are no different. As for the QoS parameters, they are favorable for multimedia applications. The network implemented with TDM-E1 / Ethernet and IEEE 802.11n technology, has a maximum capacity per cell of 32.5 Mbps in the 2.4G band and 65 Mbps in the 5.8G band, considering minimum operating parameters of the wireless devices. Users have a 15.2 Mbps field data rate for a maximum radius of 8 meters with up to 7 wireless users connected in the cell, at 2.4 Ghz.
Abstract
It consists of designing and evaluating the performance of a wireless broadband network in the province of Huaytará, for internet connectivity. It is an applied and experimental [...]
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Effect of the filling percentage on tensile strength in 3D desktop printing for different printing patterns, using a randomized design of experiments
J. Parra Mena, E. Gallardo Vizuete, E. Torres Peñaloza

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (4), 42

Abstract
The evaluation of the tensile strength of printed parts by means of fused deposition modeling (FDM) or fused filament fabrication (FFF) is essential, since parts whose resistance does not differ significantly depending on the percentage of filling used can be obtained, optimizing the use of the material. The present work details the analysis of polylactic acid (PLA) specimens manufactured according to ASTM D 638 with different percentages for the most commonly used filling patterns (Honeycomb, Octagram, Stars, Archimedean, Hilbert and Triangles). With the help of an analysis of variance and a design of experiments with a single factor, the appropriate percentages for printing parts according to the desired filling pattern are obtained.
Abstract
The evaluation of the tensile strength of printed parts by means of fused deposition modeling (FDM) or fused filament fabrication (FFF) is essential, since parts whose resistance [...]
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Facial recognition techniques using SVM: A comparative analysis
J. Cadena Moreano, N. La Serna Palomino, A. Llano Casa

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (3), 41

Abstract
This paper presents a literary review of facial recognition in 2D, which plays an important role in the life of the human being in terms of safety, work activity, etc. The focus is on the results obtained by some researchers with the application of feature extraction techniques, pattern classifiers, databases and their respective percentage of efficiency obtained. The objective is to determine efficient techniques that allow an optimal 2D facial recognition process, based on the quality of databases, feature extractors and pattern classifiers.
Abstract
This paper presents a literary review of facial recognition in 2D, which plays an important role in the life of the human being in terms of safety, work activity, etc. The [...]
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Parametric Analysis of BFOA for Minimization Problems Using a Benchmark Function
D. Zambrano Zambrano, D. Vélez, Y. Daza, J. Palomares

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (3), 40

Abstract
This paper presents the social foraging behavior of Escherichia coli (E. Coli) bacteria based on Bacteria Foraging Optimization algorithms (BFOA) to find optimization and distributed control values. The search strategy for E. coli is very complex to express and the dynamics of the simulated chemotaxis stage in BFOA is analyzed with the help of a simple mathematical model. The methodology starts from a detailed analysis of the parameters of bacterial swimming and tumbling (C) and the probability of elimination and dispersion (Ped), then an adaptive variant of BFOA is proposed, in which the size of the chemotherapeutic step is adjusted according to the current suitability of a virtual bacterium. To evaluate the performance of the algorithm in obtaining optimal values, the resolution was applied to one of the benchmark functions, in this case the Ackley minimization function, a comparative analysis of the BFOA is then performed. The simulation results have shown the validity of the optimal values (minimum or maximum) obtained on a specific function for real world problems, with a function belonging to the benchmark group of optimization functions.
Abstract
This paper presents the social foraging behavior of Escherichia coli (E. Coli) bacteria based on Bacteria Foraging Optimization algorithms (BFOA) to find optimization and [...]
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Time and yield on the sawing process of Eucalyptus globulus Labill, with circular and band saw
M. Guallpa Calva, J. Suatunce, H. Canchignia

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (2), 39

Abstract
In order to determine the times and performance in the transformation process of round wood to squared wood of Eucalyptus globulus, a research was carried using circular saw (sawmill A) and circular saw more band saw (sawmill B). The sizes of the samples were 210 and 205 logs. To know the conversion time of the logs, the return-to-zero method was used and in the yield the sawn volume was related to the roll volume of the logs. The result indicate a significant behavior, whose times when processing 1.000 pt (2.36 m 3) are of 112.73 with circular saw and 167.36 minutes by means of the circular saw system plus the band saw. With yields of 27.74% in the sawmill A and 48.84% in the sawmill B, means that for each cubic meter of round wood (m3. r) processed, 117 pt and 207 st of sawn wood were obtained respectively. Finally, in the sawmill A, as the diameter of the logs increases, the yield and productivity increase. However, in the sawmill B, the yield diminishes and the productivity showed a variable behavior, due to the different number of logs evaluated by diameter class in each factory.
Abstract
In order to determine the times and performance in the transformation process of round wood to squared wood of Eucalyptus globulus, a research was carried using circular saw [...]
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Thermal Analysis of heat sink with Heat Pipes for High Performance Processors
L. TOAPANTA RAMOS, C. Andrade, E. Dávalos Álvarez, S. Landázuri Zaldumbide, W. Quitiaquez

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (2), 38

Abstract
The objective of this document is to propose the thermal analysis of a heat dissipating device by using heat pipes containing different fluids, which are water, refrigerant R134a and methanol for the evaluation of these devices under certain design characteristics, due to the fact that at present the processors have a higher energy consumption and greater processing capacities, which causes a significant elevation of the temperature before demanding workloads. Through the use of the ANSYS simulation software, the thermal study of the device was carried out; in addition, the temperature gradient generated in it when in contact with a hot surface, which is going to be a high performance processor, demonstrating that stable temperatures can be obtained through the use of heat pipes at demanding workloads, ensuring correct operation and cooling of the processor.
Abstract
The objective of this document is to propose the thermal analysis of a heat dissipating device by using heat pipes containing different fluids, which are water, refrigerant [...]
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Using SVG to develop web maps for people with visual disabilities
S. Juan-Armero, S. Luján-Mora

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (2), 37

Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of accessibility in geographical web maps. A person with disability cannot use, nowadays, a web map with the same functionality as other users do. This problem signifies a huge gap in universal usability, since a wide range of people are left out. This contravenes clearly the principles of the Web, which was created to be of the benefit of anyone in any circumstances. Some software projects have tackled this issue by providing an additional version of the program or just by not dealing with it at all. Our stance is to take a step further and integrate completely the accessibility within the user experience. Everything needed to use the web map –with or without disabilities– is deployed on the same view every user interacts with. This means that an accessible web map has been successfully developed, allowing users with disabilities to explore and navigate not in the same way, but with the same results which others benefit from. This solution opens a discussion about good ways of achieving accessibility, the implications of the current state of art in actual software development and the current awareness about this topic in the computer community.
Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of accessibility in geographical web maps. A person with disability cannot use, nowadays, a web map with the same functionality as other users [...]
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Influence of the type of spark plug in the evaluation of the performance and emissions caused in an ignition engine
G. Serpa, X. Zumba, F. Montalvo, D. Baño, J. Martinez, I. Zambrano

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (2), 36

Abstract
This research was made in Cuenca at 2500 meters above sea level (masl), and it studied the influence of the use of different types of spark plugs in a spark-ignition engine on the mechanical performance of the engine, the pollutant emissions, and fuel consumption. Six types of spark plugs that are available in the national market are made of different materials, have different thermal properties, and have different electrode openings. In addition, the mechanical performance of the engines and their fuel consumption were evaluated through dynamometer testing. Moreover, the polluting emissions were measured under the static test protocol established by the NTE INEN 2203 and with an 11 km route test in urban areas and on highway based on the New European Driving Cycle. The research showed that a specific spark plug increases 16 % of the engine performance due to not only some factors such as less pollution, better cold behavior, lower fuel consumption, but also maintains the torque and power of the vehicle. In addition, this spark plug generates savings on maintenance and annual fuel consumption.
Abstract
This research was made in Cuenca at 2500 meters above sea level (masl), and it studied the influence of the use of different types of spark plugs in a spark-ignition engine [...]
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Physical and chemical properties of cacao cultivars (Theobroma cacao L.) from Ecuador and Peru
J. Andrade, J. Rivera-García, G. Chire-Fajardo, M. Ureña-Peralta

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (4), 35

Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of the fine National flavor cocoa beans and CCN 51 from Ecuador, as well as, ICS 6 and CCN 51 from Peru for the production of quality chocolate. They were determined, cacao bean index (g), cacao bean testa percentage, cacao bean dimensions (mm), porosity (%), fermentation index (%), whiteness index, acidity (%), pH and proximate analysis (%), using AOAC methods and the usual ones for cacao quality. According to proximate analysis: the average crude protein content for Peruvian cacao bean was 78.8 % higher, the average crude fat content for Ecuador cacao bean was 10.1% higher, the crude fiber of ICS 6 cacao bean stands out among the other cocoa beans with 7.10 ± 0.28%, other components have a degree of similarity between the two countries, so both are suitable to be worked in the production of high quality chocolate, due to its chemical and sensory attributes, generating a quality and competitive product internationally, certifying interest from other latitudes drive the export process and economic benefit for each nation.
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of the fine National flavor cocoa beans and CCN 51 from Ecuador, as well as, ICS 6 and CCN [...]
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Natural scale inhibitor based on mucilage of the cayenne leaf (Hibiscus rosa sinensis)
A. Reyes Sisco, J. Ruiz Arenas, L. Castillo Campos

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (2), 34

Abstract
Nowadays, mineral incrustations are one of the most frequent problems in the petroleum industry; they deteriorate the production systems, causing pressure losses and, consequently, the decrease of hydrocarbon production. Based on this problem, this research was conducted with the purpose of evaluate the efficiency of a natural scale inhibitor based on the leaf mucilage of the cayenne plant (Hibiscus rosa sinensis) in synthetic and production water samples. In order to do this, the physical-chemical characterization on the water samples was carried out, as well as the mucilage previously extracted from the plant. Subsequently, the natural inhibitor was formulated and characterized at three different concentrations (2, 4 and 6 % m /V) and the efficiency of the product was evaluated in both water samples, considering three (3) different doses (55, 100 and 500 ppm) following the guidelines of the NACE standard TM0347-2007, with the result that the inhibitor of 2 % m/V was the most efficient at its highest dose. In addition, the commercial inhibitor from Halliburton Company was used for comparative purposes in a statistical analysis that indicated the absence of a significant statistical difference between the product at 2 % m / V and the commercial inhibitor.
Abstract
Nowadays, mineral incrustations are one of the most frequent problems in the petroleum industry; they deteriorate the production systems, causing pressure losses and, consequently, [...]
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Enterprise Architecture, an enabler of change and knowledge management
O. Moscoso-Zea, J. Paredes-Gualtor, S. Luján-Mora

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (1), 33

Abstract
Organizations around the world require a sound process of change management to innovate and remain competitive over time. Change and knowledge management needs to be supported with the right tools to overcome the challenges of transformations and transitions in the business models and processes of diverse organizations. Steering boards can use enterprise architecture (EA) to implement new knowledge management initiatives in their strategic planning. EA allows companies to model the current situation (as-is models) of the organization and the desired future scenarios (to-be models) and to establish road maps to enable adequate transformations. Different frameworks exist in the market that support the management of organizations, for example: Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies (COBIT), Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL), quality models such as the one proposed by the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) and systems such as the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) are widely used for the management of business and information technologies (IT). However, EA is not widely used with the other mentioned tools. This paper analyzes EA as a tool for change and knowledge management and compares its functionality with other frameworks in the market. The analysis performed in this paper checks if EA can be used and is compatible with other frameworks. To answer this question, an analysis of the most important processes, good practices, perspectives and tools provided by each framework was performed.
Abstract
Organizations around the world require a sound process of change management to innovate and remain competitive over time. Change and knowledge management needs to be supported [...]
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Automatic device to manufacture paraffin rings used in the Textile Industry
L. Aguilera, S. Morejón Bravo

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (1), 32

Abstract
The work consists in the design and manufacture of an automatic device that allows to continuously elaborate paraffin rings used in the different processes of the Textile Industry. Paraffin is a byproduct of petroleum and is very useful in the Textile Industry, since it helps to reduce the friction between the threads and the different guides through which it passes, reducing the presence of exaggerated tensions that cause the breakage of the threads, defects in the tissues and the paralysis of machines and processes. The device, designed and validated in its mechanical structure by means of the use of a CAD program, consists of a rotating disc on which eight molds in the form of 54 cm3 capacity rings are located, automatically spaced and controlled to be filled with paraffin liquid continuously, guaranteeing the solidification and extraction of each ring in a synchronized manner as the disc rotates. The performance was validated observing that the results of the tests of dosage, time of filling, time of transfer, solidification time and extraction time of the solidified ring contributed to the productivity of this product.
Abstract
The work consists in the design and manufacture of an automatic device that allows to continuously elaborate paraffin rings used in the different processes of the Textile [...]
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Motion simulation of a hexapod robot in virtual reality environments
J. Chamba, M. Sánchez, M. Moya, J. Noroña, R. Franco

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (1), 31

Abstract
The aim of this work is the development of an animation of a hexapod robot in virtual reality environments through the use of Unity software. The movement of the robot is 18 degrees of freedom, which are based on servo motors that are controlled by the use of a microcontroller; It also shows the processes necessary to transfer the 3D design of the hexapod robot made in the use of CAD (Computer Aided Design) software to a virtual reality environment without losing the physical characteristics of the original design. Finally, the results obtained from the simulation of movement and responses of the hexapod robot to disturbances such as roughness of the floor, uneven ground and gravity among others are presented; allowing a correct evaluation to possible designs of robots before being elaborated.
Abstract
The aim of this work is the development of an animation of a hexapod robot in virtual reality environments through the use of Unity software. The movement of the robot is [...]
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A visual analytics architecture for the analysis and understanding of software systems
A. González-Torres, J. Navas-Sú, M. Hernández-Vásquez, F. Hernández-Castro, J. Solano-Cordero

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (1), 30

Abstract
Visual analytics facilitates the creation of knowledge to interpret trends and relationships for better decision making. However, it has not being used widely for the understanding of software systems and the change process that takes place during their development and maintenance. This occurs despite the need of project managers and developers to analyze their systems to calculate the complexity, cohesion, direct, indirect and logical coupling, detect clones, defects and bad smells, and the comparison of individual revisions. This research considers the design of an extensible and scalable architecture to incorporate new and existing methods to retrieve source code from different versioning systems, to carry out the analysis of programs in different languages, to perform the calculation of software metrics and to present the results using visual representations, incorporated as Eclipse and Visual Studio extensions. Consequently, the aim of this work is to design a visual analytics architecture for the analysis and understanding of systems in different languages and its main contributions are the specification of the design and requirements of such architecture, taking as base the lessons learned in Maleku (A. González-Torres et al., 2016).
Abstract
Visual analytics facilitates the creation of knowledge to interpret trends and relationships for better decision making. However, it has not being used widely for the understanding [...]
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Topological analysis using the Finite Element Method of the chassis of a competition motorcycle
Á. Remache, J. Leguísamo, E. Tamayo

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (3), 29

Abstract
This model presents a technical application of topological optimization, applied through the study of the behavior of the frame of a brand competition motorcycle, Honda CRF 230 model, with the aim of reducing the weight of the original component without altering its mechanical properties, and obtain a higher performance of the engine, greater maneuverability for the pilot and the reduction of manufacturing costs. This method of analysis is used to obtain the percentages of the chemical elements of a piece by the intensity of the light emitted by a spark, thereby acquiring the mechanical properties of the material. By means of the results, they are analyzed in different points of stress concentration of the frame; the conditions of the border are set to establish the simulation in the CAD model, and the application of the optimization of the structure through the use of the MEF method. Finally, the reduction of 67.6 % of the weight of the original chassis was included, with a safety factor of 1.41.
Abstract
This model presents a technical application of topological optimization, applied through the study of the behavior of the frame of a brand competition motorcycle, Honda CRF [...]
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Multispectral study of tuna cultivation to determine the NDVI, CWSI and SAVI indexes from Sentinel 2A images, in Guano canton, Chimborazo province, Ecuador
H. Chamorro Sevilla, A. Erazo

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (3), 28

Abstract
This work evaluates the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), and Water Stress Index (CWSI) in tuna crops, located in the Guano Canton of Chimborazo Province, Ecuador. The area of interest (AOI) included the parishes of San Andres and Guano, in which the texture of the soil was determined with the existing data in Ecuador's National Information System (SNI), a satellite image of Sentinel 2A from June 16 2018 was used. Raster functions were applied to obtain an approximate and referential mean of NDVI, the reflectance received from both the soil and the tuna crop (SAVI) and the perspiration corresponding to the water stress (CSWI) of the tuna plots. Finally, we obtained approximate and referential NDVI data with a value of 0.31, SAVI values reflecting soil and crop data, and a very low CWSI, showing that perspiration is minimal, so it can be concluded that drip irrigation is a suitable technique for increasing tuna production.
Abstract
This work evaluates the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), and Water Stress Index (CWSI) in tuna crops, located in the [...]
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Mechatronic device for the analysis and mitigation of involuntary movements in people with Parkinson's disease
G. Rivera Cárdenas, V. Bonilla, M. Marcelo, G. Mosquera, A. Litvin

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (1), 27

Abstract
Considering that the Parkinson disease is a neurodegenerative, progressive and incurable pathology, and with the purpose of improving ill people life quality, the design and construction of a mechatronic device was proposed to help mitigating the involuntary movements produced by the disease. This device allows the analysis of the involuntary movements of pronosupination generated in the upper limbs using electromyographic signals produced by the muscles of the forearm and an algorithm based on artificial neural networks. To materialize the device, fast prototyping like 3D printing and the V model-based mechatronics methodology were considered. As a result of this investigation, a mechatronics device in the shape of an exoskeleton controlled by an embedded system which analyses, processes electromyographic signals and using neural networks allows tremor and involuntary movements classification produced by each patient. The system operation results are: for tremor prediction is 96.88% of success, and for the involuntary movement prediction is 100 % of success.
Abstract
Considering that the Parkinson disease is a neurodegenerative, progressive and incurable pathology, and with the purpose of improving ill people life quality, the design and [...]
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Optimal allocation of communications resources for energy management systems
M. Ruiz Maldonado, E. Inga

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (1), 26

Abstract
This article proposes the optimal resource allocation of radio channels available in cellular networks for the transmission of data from the smart meters to information management systems. The model designed identifies and counts the subscribers of the electricity sector in a geographical area; through the kmeans algorithm the cellular radio bases are located. The optimal location of radio bases provides communication to all devices within its coverage radius. The communication channels available for data transmission are optimized using the Greedy algorithm, which set the time when smart meters must send their data through the disused communication channels.
Abstract
This article proposes the optimal resource allocation of radio channels available in cellular networks for the transmission of data from the smart meters to information management [...]
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Where to park? Architecture and implementation of an empty parking lot, automatic recognition system
H. Ávalos, E. Gómez, D. Guzmán, D. Ordóñez-Camacho, J. Román, O. Taipe

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (1), 25

Abstract
The traffic congestion present in practically every city has, among its increasing factors, the unavailability of enough parking spaces. A typical driver invests a considerable part of the total trip time looking for a free space where to park his vehicle; in many cases, this leads to delays and the consequent discomfort due to the undesired consequences of the generated tardiness. For this problem it is possible to find partial palliative solutions, minimizing the time spent searching for parking by applying Internet of Things techniques, oriented to smart cities and buildings. This research has been focused on finding an appropriate computer architecture that will allow the implementation of a distributed system, which, thanks to the use of computer vision and machine learning techniques, detects free parking spaces inside a parking lot, and provides real time information to the driver, allowing him to go as directly as possible to a vacant parking space.
Abstract
The traffic congestion present in practically every city has, among its increasing factors, the unavailability of enough parking spaces. A typical driver invests a considerable [...]
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Sliding Mode Control Based on Internal Model for a Non-minimum phase Buck and Boost Converter
B. Cajamarca, Ó. Camacho Quintero, D. Chávez, P. Leica, M. Pozo

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (1), 24

Abstract
This work presents the application of different schemes to control a non-minimum phase Buck-Boost converter. Three control schemes are used. The first controller presented is a PI controller, the second one is Sliding Mode Control and the third one is a combination of two control schemes, Internal Model Control and Sliding Mode Control. The controllers are designed from a Right-Half Plane Zero (RHPZ) reduced order model. The RHPZ model is converted, using Taylor approximation, in a First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT) model and after that, the controllers are obtained. The performance of the SMC-IMC is compared against to a PI controller and a SMC. The simulation results show that SMC-IMC improves the converter response, reducing the chattering and presenting better robustness for load changes
Abstract
This work presents the application of different schemes to control a non-minimum phase Buck-Boost converter. Three control schemes are used. The first controller presented [...]
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Analysis of the use of micro DC/DC converters focused on the maximum extraction of energy in photovoltaic farm
J. Vargas, J. Medina Mora, M. Pozo, E. Ávila, N. POZO, G. SALAZAR

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (1), 23

Abstract
This work presents an extended study of the work published in the magazine INCISCOS 2018 titled “Improving of the Photovoltaic High Power Plant Generation Using DC/DC Micro Converters”, and intented to increase the amount of electrical energy generation of a Photovoltaic Plant located in Salinas, Imbabura Province, Ecuador through the implementation of DC/DC converters in the solar panel arrays and tracking techniques of the maximum power point. The results show that the insertion of the DC/DC converters in the system causes an increase in the amount of active power. The system is analiced in variation of solar radiation or changes in the ambient temperature as well.
Abstract
This work presents an extended study of the work published in the magazine INCISCOS 2018 titled “Improving of the Photovoltaic High Power Plant Generation Using DC/DC Micro [...]
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Parallel robot prototype driven by four cables: experimental results
X. Aguas, M. Herrera, N. Sotomayor, O. Camacho

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (1), 22

Abstract
Parallel cable robots are a special class of parallel robots which are formed by replacing rigid links with cables. Due to the characteristics provided by the cables, like low inertia and greater range of motion, this type of robots can perform a wide range of applications such as: moving cameras from one place to another in sporting events, motoring industry and mainly in rehabilitation of limbs. However, due to the unilateral property of cables, keeping them tensioned becomes a great challenge. This article describes the construction of a parallel robot driven by four cables with the aim to draw three figures through the study of the kinematic and dynamic model considering the redundancy, i.e., more cables than degrees of freedom, in order to avoid those cables that require more tension during the motion of the end-effector.
Abstract
Parallel cable robots are a special class of parallel robots which are formed by replacing rigid links with cables. Due to the characteristics provided by the cables, like [...]
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Optimal PMU placement considering N-1contingencies constraints in electrical power systems
D. Carrión Galarza, J. González Sánchez

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (1), 21

Abstract
The measurement of electrical parameters through phasor measurement units in the power systems is fundamental, since the obtained data is used to estimate the state of its operation. In the present investigation the problem arises for the optimal deployment of phasor measurement units regarding restrictions of observability, redundancy and N-1 contingencies. Unit minimization considers the output of a transmission line or the failure of a phasor measurement unit and guarantees 100 % observability of the power system; For the optimization mixed integer linear programming was used. The proposed algorithm was tested with the IEEE test models of 9, 14, 30 and 118 nodes.
Abstract
The measurement of electrical parameters through phasor measurement units in the power systems is fundamental, since the obtained data is used to estimate the state of its [...]
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Optimization of the dark chocolate formulation from the mixture of cocoa beans and cocoa content by applying surface response method
G. Chire-Fajardo, M. Ureña-Peralta, S. García-Torres, R. Hartel

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (3), 20

Abstract
This research sought to optimize the mix of Peruvian cocoa beans and the cocoa content for the dark chocolate formulation, having as an optimization criterion the improvement of the physical properties of chocolate: color, particle size, rheological properties and texture, applying the response surface methodology. It was found that the optimal formulation presented a mixture of cocoa beans of 10 parts of CCN 51 plus 90 parts of ICS 6, dark chocolate at 70 % cocoa content, 29.6 % sugar and 0.4 % lecithin. Finally, the validation of physical properties reached 91.6 % on average.
Abstract
This research sought to optimize the mix of Peruvian cocoa beans and the cocoa content for the dark chocolate formulation, having as an optimization criterion the improvement [...]
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Incidence of the use of extra gasoline and mixing to the 5 % with anhydrous ethanol in the microfilters of the multipoint injectors
J. Rocha-Hoyos, E. Llanes-Cedeño, J. Andrade-Villarreal, L. Caiza-Quishpe, J. Leguísamo-Milla

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (2), 19

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to analyze the deposits in injectors with fuel mixture of 87 octane with percentages of anhydrous ethanol at 5 %, and 87 octane gasoline. The experimental phase was carried out in two ignition engine vehicles at a test height of 2810 msnm when traveling, each one, a distance of 3000 km inside the Metropolitan District of Quito. Two methods were applied: Stereoscopy or Vision for the analysis of the microfilters of the injectors, and the semiquantitative chemical analysis Scanning Electron Microscopy for the samples of the residues originated in the filters. In the case of Stereoscopy, in both vehicles, a reduction of clogging of the filters occurred when using gasoline with 5 % anhydrous ethanol. The Scanning Electron Microscopy allowed to conclude that there is a greater presence of the sulfur element with 4 % in the residues when using gasoline with 5 % ethanol, unlike 1 % in the waste when 87 octane gasoline is applied.
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to analyze the deposits in injectors with fuel mixture of 87 octane with percentages of anhydrous ethanol at 5 %, and 87 octane gasoline. [...]
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Use of the naranjilla (Solanum quitoense Lam.) variety INIAP Quitoense-2009 to obtain a carbonated beverage
J. Gaona-Gonzaga, D. Montesdeoca-Espin, B. Brito-Grandes, A. Sotomayor-Correa, W. Viera

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (2), 18

Abstract
A carbonated beverage was made with natural naranjilla pulp (INIAP Quitoense 2009 variety). Combinations were made with three pulp concentrations (15, 20, 25 %), three concentrations of the natural sweetener stevia (10, 12, 14 %) and water, registering variables of soluble solids, pH and titratable acidity. The best formulation was determined by analysis of variance, Tukey test at 5 % and acceptance by sensory analysis. Subsequently, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 % stabilizer (gum arabic) and the same parameters and sedimentation height were measured. Results were analyzed statistically. For carbonation, the most stable beverage was pasteurized and bottled in 350 mL amber glass bottles and 1.8 g of solid CO2 (dry ice) was added. The container was sealed and sensory tests were after 24 hours to determine the acceptance of the carbonated beverage. The most acceptable formulation was: 25 % pulp, 10 % sweetener, 0.5 % stabilizer, 0.1 % sodium benzoate, 0.05 % citric acid, 0.5 % solid CO2 and water. The naranjilla pulp can be used in the elaboration of a carbonated beverage, since it fulfills the Ecuadorian regulations.
Abstract
A carbonated beverage was made with natural naranjilla pulp (INIAP Quitoense 2009 variety). Combinations were made with three pulp concentrations (15, 20, 25 %), three [...]
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Obtaining and Characterization of a Quinoa Protein Hydrolyzate (Chenopodium quinoa willd)
M. Quelal, K. Nazate, C. Villacrés, J. Cuarán

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (2), 17

Abstract
The present research focused on obtaining a hydrolyzate from a quinoa protein concentrate (isoelectric precipitation method), while the hydrolyzate was achieved with the application of papain enzyme in different concentrations and temperature. The nutritional and functional properties were evaluated in the hydrolyzate, establishing the fact that application of enzyme at a concentration of 0.159 AU/g and pH 6.5 allowed to reach a hydrolysis rate of 13 %, a protein content of 73.41 g/100 g, digestibility rate of 87.75 %, and an amino acid profile within the standard requirements established for children, according to FAO. The functional properties of the hydrolyzate reflected an index of dispersibility of 83.71 %, protein solubility of 85.35 %, foaming capacity of 125 % volume at pH 10, water retention capacity of 0.33 g/g protein and oil holding capacity of 0.56 g/g protein. These values show the potential of the protein hydrolyzate in the elaboration of food formulas for diets with special regimes or as an ingredient in the food industry.
Abstract
The present research focused on obtaining a hydrolyzate from a quinoa protein concentrate (isoelectric precipitation method), while the hydrolyzate was achieved with the application [...]
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Variations of the water quality of the Carrizal River in Manabi
A. Aveiga Ortiz, P. Noles, A. de la Cruz, F. Peñarrieta, F. Alcántara

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (3), 16

Abstract
The objective of this work is to determine the physical-chemical variations in the water quality of Carrizal River (Manabí), in 21 sampling stations, covering an area of 51 km. Seven points were sampled in (i) the microbasin, 5 points in (ii) La Esperanza reservoir and 9 points in (iii) the sub-basin of Carrizal river. Samples were taken according to an experimental design of random blocks with factorial arrangement, and according to the results we show a correlation between the parameters and the different geographical positions monitored. Thus, we calculate a new water quality index called hardness index, which relates the alkalinity, oxide-reduction potential, hardness, conductivity, suspended solids, and total solids. According to this index, it is evident that, the concentration of minerals of calcium, magnesium, sulphates and carbonates, increased along with the concentration of solids in the water, as well as the REDOX potential and electrical conductivity, increased from the upper basin to the lower basin of Carrizal river. This correlation between physical-chemical parameters of the water and the different geographical positions monitored is probably influenced by anthropogenic activities.
Abstract
The objective of this work is to determine the physical-chemical variations in the water quality of Carrizal River (Manabí), in 21 sampling stations, covering an area of [...]
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Typical meteorological year based on the precipitation of Nanegalito and Pacto-Ecuador
F. Rodríguez, A. Castro, F. Marín, G. Roldán, F. Viteri Moya

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (1), 15

Abstract
The typical meteorological year (TMY) based on daily rainfall data was calculated in the parish of Nanegalito; 12 years were considered, from 2004 to 2015, including both years. For the establishment of the TMY, the Finkelstein-Schafer (FS) statistical equation was chosen, together with the calculation of the cumulative distribution function for each month of each year considered. The weighted sum, calculated from the FS values, was used to finally choose the months that best represent the climatic characteristics of the period analyzed by applying the root mean square deviation (RMSD). Once these values were obtained, the TMY of Nanegalito was estimated based on the precipitation. The determination of Nanegalito TMY may be useful for the management of several processes, in this and other surrounding parishes, as an example, Pacto, such as irrigation planning in crops, analysis in drought risk scenarios, and if other variables are analyzed in the future, they could serve as tools for the study of possible renewable energies.
Abstract
The typical meteorological year (TMY) based on daily rainfall data was calculated in the parish of Nanegalito; 12 years were considered, from 2004 to 2015, including both [...]
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3D printing technologies: FDM and Polyjet evaluations in the manufacture of automobile auto parts
B. Briceño-Martínez, E. Llanes Cedeño, J. Rocha-Hoyos, E. Chamba, D. Cuasapud, A. Cárdenaz-Yánez

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (3), 14

Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the 3D printing technologies made by Molded Deposition Modeling (FDM) and PolyJet from mechanical tests with Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate (ASA) and VeroWhitePlus RGD 835 materials, for the selection of the material and adequate technology in the manufacture of air ducts applied to automotive auto parts. To achieve the objective, mechanical tensile tests were carried out on specimens manufactured by both technologies, according to ASTM D638-14 for tensile tests and for bending tests according to ASTM 790; To evaluate the behavior of air flow in the pipeline, the air duct used in the Toyota Stout 2200 pick-up truck modeled by the Ansys Student software was selected as the case study. The results showed that the VeroWhitePlus RDG 835 material used in the construction of the duct by means of the PolyJet technology presented the best results with a yield strength of 4.7 MPa and a maximum bending stress of 28 MPa.
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the 3D printing technologies made by Molded Deposition Modeling (FDM) and PolyJet from mechanical tests with Acrylonitrile Styrene [...]
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Determination of the physicochemical quality of bee honey sold in Quito and comparison with artificial honey
D. Velásquez, M. Goetschel

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (2), 13

Abstract
The quality of 27 bee honey samples commercialized in the southern markets of Quito was evaluated by performing the physicochemical analyses required by the quality standard of the Ecuadorian Service for Standarization NTE INEN 1572-1988. The results were compared with the same type of analyses performed on a sample of artificial honey. The methods used for each analytical determination were: AOAC 962.37 for density, AOAC 962.19 for humidity, AOAC 52.729 for acidity, AOAC 945.79 for insoluble solids, AOAC 920.181 for ash, AOAC 980.23 for hydroxymethylfurfural, AOAC 958.09 for diastase and the Luff-Schoorl method for the determination of sugars. With the exception of one sample that did not comply the maximum value of the content parameter of hydroxymethylfurfural, and three samples that did not comply with the percentage of reducing sugars, all the samples of bee honey met the requirements of the national standard, although they showed results with significant differences in several parameters among different brands. As for the comparison between bee honey and artificial honey, there was a significant difference in the content of insoluble solids in water, reducing sugars, sucrose and hydroxymethylfurfural, and the activity of diastase.
Abstract
The quality of 27 bee honey samples commercialized in the southern markets of Quito was evaluated by performing the physicochemical analyses required by the quality standard [...]
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Sustainable management for the production of biofungicides and strengthening of the Venezuelan agricultural bio-inputs sector
G. Colmenares Lima, M. Arcia Montezuma

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (1), 12

Abstract
The purpose of this work was the design of a management proposal for the production of biofungicides, based on international standards related to quality, environment and safety, and occupational health, aiming at strengthening the Venezuelan agricultural bio-inputs sector, in the production of excellent quality products obtained under sustainable production schemes. A diagnosis was made to establish the conformities of the current management of the laboratories dedicated to this activity with the provisions in the standards, besides of a situational diagnosis for the adoption of the proposal. It is an applied investigation, of field and level of descriptive study; the data were collected between April-September 2018 using the survey and structured observation as techniques, and the questionnaire and checklists as instruments. A sustainable management model was generated to promote the adequacy of the organization's task and being, with the duty to be, constituting an input to lay the foundations that propitiate the national and international recognition of the laboratories and platform, to ensure compliance with the requirements of the registration process, mainly in relation to quality assurance, safety conditions of the production process, required documentation and evaluation of the product.
Abstract
The purpose of this work was the design of a management proposal for the production of biofungicides, based on international standards related to quality, environment and [...]
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Physical chemical evaluation of pitahaya fruit (Selenicereus megalanthus) in different development stages
A. Sotomayor Correa, S. Pitizaca, M. Sánchez, A. Burbano, A. Díaz, J. Nicolalde, W. Viera, C. Caicedo, Y. Vargas

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (1), 11

Abstract
In this research, physical and chemical changes that occur during growth and ripening of pitahaya fruit were assessed. Using the color chart of yellow pitahaya (NTC-3554), fruits were collected in the six stages of ripening (0 dark green to 6 completely yellow) to evaluate the weight of the fruit; while for the variables pulp and skin percentage, pulp firmness (N), soluble solids (ºBrix), pH, acidity (%) and sensory evaluation of flavor and appearance, fruits were only taken in two states (0 and 6). Percentage of skin decreased from 55.93 to 33.40 %, whereas that pulp increased from 44.07 to 66.60 % among state 0 and 6, respectively. Fruit in the state 6 showed lower pulp firmness (6.20 N) and titulable acidity (0.14 %), and higher soluble solids content (20.74 %) and pH (4.86). On the other hand, in terms of sensory test, both states (0 and 6) were accepted by the consumer due to the high percentage of soluble solids.
Abstract
In this research, physical and chemical changes that occur during growth and ripening of pitahaya fruit were assessed. Using the color chart of yellow pitahaya (NTC-3554), [...]
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Characterization of the tensile properties of an Epoxy-Carbon laminated composite used in the development of a single-seater Formula SAE type
J. Fajardo, M. Villa, J. Pozo, D. Urgilés

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (3), 10

Abstract
This article presents the analysis of the tensile properties of a carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite used in the manufacture of the single-seater for Formula SAE competition. Composites were manufactured from pre-pregs with different fiber orientations by a vacuum curing process. The effect of the fiber orientation on the strength and rigidity of the formulated composites was evaluated. The tensile specimens were instrumented with biaxial extensometers in order to obtain a real record of the deformation and subsequent determination of the Young's modulus. The experimental results were compared with the analytical results obtained from the Classical Laminate Theory using specialized software. A microscopic analysis of the fractured region of the specimens was also developed to evaluate the effect of the manufacturing process. The set of information generated from the experimental and analytical results provides an understanding of the anisotropy of Epoxy-Carbon fiber composites that will allow design decisions to be made in future developments within the Formula SAE project.
Abstract
This article presents the analysis of the tensile properties of a carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite used in the manufacture of the single-seater for Formula SAE competition. [...]
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Wireless charging system for static electric vehicles
I. Yánez

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (2), 9

Abstract
The use of electric vehicles expands slowly due to many problems; one of them is charging the car using cable, a method known as plug-in. A technological alternative that can replace cables is the system of energy transfer by electromagnetic induction; for the moment this energy transfer is low power compared to the cable system. The objective of this research project is to demonstrate that the induction charging system is totally feasible for a parked vehicle. It uses a source coil located on the floor of the parking lot, and a pickup coil located in the frame of the car. This paper experimentally demonstrates how the power of transfer varies when the distances between the two coils vary too; three alternatives are considered: coils with cores of air, coils with common iron core and coils with separated iron cores. The measurements are made in a prototype formed by two coils separated by a distance d and provided with a scale of measurement in millimeters. Finally, the behavior of the transferred energy is evaluated according to the distance between coils and the three magnetic core alternatives
Abstract
The use of electric vehicles expands slowly due to many problems; one of them is charging the car using cable, a method known as plug-in. A technological alternative that [...]
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Modeling and simulation of plastic deformation of Aluminium ASTM A1200 during mechanical conformed process
L. Juiña, V. Cabrera, N. Moreno, C. Anrango

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (1), 8

Abstract
The research evaluates the behavior of a material when a plastic deformation occurs. The document describes the analytical process, finite elements and integrate process in order to develop shaped piece plan. Stress analysis and section variation were analyzed during the stuffing process. In the experimental part, the mechanical characteristics of the aluminum ASTM A1200 were determined (Yield strength was 214 MPa). The shaping process was carried out in a 5 tons press with pneumatic device. Several tests were executed with different depths in order to compare thicknesses with the physical model simulation. The maximum error was 3.67 % at 15 mm depth and the minimum of 0.24 % with the total depth. Respect to the efforts generated during the conforming, the maximum and minimum errors were 10.9 % and 2.18 % respectively.
Abstract
The research evaluates the behavior of a material when a plastic deformation occurs. The document describes the analytical process, finite elements and integrate process in [...]
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Model to estimate the effort required by automation of business processes
Y. Granados Hondares, G. Ferreira Lorenzo

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (1), 7

Abstract
The development of software products has significantly impacted the business world, which has left behind its functional approach and has pledged resources into the quality modeling of its business processes. Numerous studies dedicated to measure indicators, such as quality, complexity and ease of modification, taking into account the constant organizational changes, have resulted in the definition of different metrics, which have mostly been selected, by analogy, with software metrics. In this work, a statistical model that allows the prediction of the effort required in the automation of business processes is defined, taking as a starting point its graphic representation. Metrics related to business process models are proposed in order to study their behavior and influence on the estimation of effort. A base of cases of business process models with their respective effort values was built. The processing of data was carried out from statistical techniques, obtaining a prediction model that is able to explain 99.5 % of the represented cases. A computer application was developed for the interpretation of the different output formats of tools that allow modeling business processes and the implementation of the obtained predictive model.
Abstract
The development of software products has significantly impacted the business world, which has left behind its functional approach and has pledged resources into the quality [...]
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Reduction of the Probability of Occurrence of Differential Pressure Sticking Through the Use of Diesel on Water Based Drilling Fluids
D. Almeida Campana, M. Loaiza, R. Valencia

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (1), 6

Abstract
The drilling campaign on Pad C of the Tiputini Field, located on the Oriente Basin, Ecuador, started with the first exploratory well TPTC-002. Pressure tests performed on the M1 sandstone of the Napo Formation determined that the average reservoir pressure (Pr) was 1921 psi. Ten months later, Pr averaged 846 psi. This increased the risk of differential pressure sticking, event that indeed occurred while drilling the well TPTC-016. By using the “Bow-Tie” methodology as a predictive tool to analyze risks, and taking into account the preliminary studies that describe this phenomena, a solution was found for stablishing an additional barrier with the use of diesel on the water-based drilling fluid. Diesel was used in order to extend the ‘half value time’ and to decrease the friction coefficient between the mud cake and pipe.
Abstract
The drilling campaign on Pad C of the Tiputini Field, located on the Oriente Basin, Ecuador, started with the first exploratory well TPTC-002. Pressure tests performed on [...]
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Development and innovation of electronic systems in an automobile: a review
M. Noroña, M. Gómez

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (1), 5

Abstract
This article presents a study of the technological advances in the electronic part of an automobile, based on an analysis of the technical, economic, productive and environmental specifications considered in the design, development and innovation of components of a vehicle that meet the requirements of the automotive companies. It systematically explains the idea and content of the innovation systems implemented in vehicles in recent years, in the electrical-electronic part, after several studies carried out by scientists, researchers and innovation analysts in the field of automotive electronics. The transformations occurred in the last years in the electrical-electronic part of a vehicle are discussed and a comparative analysis of the modifications and / or improvements in the characteristics of the automotive systems is elaborated, in order to comply with the existing regulations regarding energy consumption. , performance, waste treatment, comfort, safety, among others. The introduction of new sensors, control units and actuators, related to microelectronics, telematics and multimedia to vehicles, provides profound changes in the design, production, operation and diagnosis of a car, which have been gradually implemented in the systems of brakes , transmission, steering, safety, comfort and engine.
Abstract
This article presents a study of the technological advances in the electronic part of an automobile, based on an analysis of the technical, economic, productive and environmental [...]
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Assessment of the value chain of Peruvian cacao (Theobroma cacao l.)
J. Guzmán, G. Chire Fajardo

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (1), 4

Abstract
The main objective of the research was to determine the deficiencies of the current situation of the Peruvian cocoa value chain and pose an integral improvement in its proposals through the competitive factors in question. In order to achieve it, these tools were used: the analysis of the value chain and the analysis of Porter's competitive diamond. The analysis of the value chain allowed a complete ‘photograph’ of those who have participated, how, with what interests and their interrelations, allowing to visualize the needs and potential of the different actors for individual and joint improvement. In the analysis of Porter's competitive diamond, the components of the cocoa sector were interrelated. The improvements in the value chain were: the result of the linkage of the strategy, the structure and the rivalry between the companies of the sector, the condition of the factors, the conditions of the demand, and the related and support sectors or cluster, which are activities linked between the companies involved in a cocoa sector; all of them fundamental to achieve competitive advantage; that will reduce the gap of the different links turned into competitive factors, to give rise to the development of capacities and to generate exportable supply of cocoa in different niche markets, which, to date, is around 100 000 tons. The operations of agricultural production, post-harvest and transformation requires substantial improvements to avoid non-quality costs and the low retribution of the value of cocoa to the farmer. From the problems encountered, a set of strategic guidelines is derived in the short, medium and long term, projecting a competitive chain for the future, such as positioning by ‘differentiation’, aimed at producing fine cocoa or aroma cocoa, organic cocoa and innovation in products with Peruvian cocoa.
Abstract
The main objective of the research was to determine the deficiencies of the current situation of the Peruvian cocoa value chain and pose an integral improvement in its proposals [...]
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Economic valuation of the limnetic service of Magdalena-Atillo lake - Riobamba Ecuador
M. Delgado Yánez, M. Martínez-Fresneda Mestre, A. Villaruela

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (2), 3

Abstract
The present paper is a proposal of socio-economic sustainability of the water resource of the Magdalena lagoon in the Atillo lake complex of the Sangay National Park in the province of Chimborazo, by means of the indirect method of travel costs. In this study, spatial indicators of hydric situation are established and homogeneous units are established with GIS techniques, in order to find the optimal distance to apply the concentric circle methodology in the use of the econometric tool of travel costs. According to the image analysis, it can be concluded that the lake is in retreat; however, it still has limnimetric limits that are still stable. Because of this, it is proposed to limit the number of visits to the area to less than 300 per month and cost opportunity is proposed, for socio-economic sustainability, from the homogeneous units, where the price is considered by estimating the market price, the result being equal to the cost of the trip + Cost of travel time, based on the average stay time that does not exceed one day for the support of the ecosystem
Abstract
The present paper is a proposal of socio-economic sustainability of the water resource of the Magdalena lagoon in the Atillo lake complex of the Sangay National Park in the [...]
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Bioremediation of hydrocarbons in wastewater with mixed culture of microorganisms: case car washers Puyango
J. García, D. Peñafiel Heredia, R. Rodríguez

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2019). Vol. 10, (1), 2

Abstract
Wastewater from car washers and lubricators contain high levels of hydrocarbons. These are discharged into the public sewer system without proper treatment and not complying with the regulations. In this study was evaluated the process of bioremediation of total hydrocarbons in Puyango’s wastewater, using bioaugmentation treatment, which means, applying hydrocarbons-degrading microorganisms. First, a characterization of the wastewater was carried out, and the content of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and the flow rate was determined for seven days. A mixture of bacteria: Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp. y Mycobacterium sp was applied in solid form (80 g tablet) with a minimum concentration of 4 x 108 CFU / ml soluble in water, using 2 tablets during 30 days of treatment. The concentration of the TPH was determined weekly, plotting the temporal variation and quantifying the % of removal. The results indicate that the technique of bioaugmentation was effective (p = 0.003) in the removal of the TPH, obtaining percentages above 86 %. The time of greatest removal of TPH was obtained in the third week of treatment with 92 %. In addition, COD removals were obtained –40 %, Oils and fats - 50%, Surfactants –43 % thus fulfilling the current regulations for discharge to the public sewer system for the TPH.
Abstract
Wastewater from car washers and lubricators contain high levels of hydrocarbons. These are discharged into the public sewer system without proper treatment and not complying [...]
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Studygrammers: Learning influencers
P. Izquierdo-Iranzo, E. Gallardo-Echenique, P. Izquierdo-Iranzo, E. Gallardo-Echenique

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (1), 20

Abstract
Present learning ecologies are diverse and change quickly, which demands a similar observation of the phenomenon. This paper is focused on the youth emerging informal learning communities and the study’s object is to discover and characterize a new figure in this landscape, the Studygrammer. With surveys (N=256), focus groups carried out through the Philips 66 technique and analyze with Atlas ti software (thematic analysis) we analyze: practices of academic social media use amongst Communication students and apart of the institutional enviroment, plus their opinions regarding the #Studygram community, #Studygrammer profiles from different degrees are also analyzed. Main results help us to concrete a definition for Studygrammer: a student that performs a mentoring (coach-leader) role amongst peers using Instagram, not only sharing notes (highly performed) but also tips, inspiration and experiences. They have the DNA of an influencer using the same visual code and monetizating their practices but the academic goal adds some peculiarities: the visual code works as lingua franca between different knowledge areas (students of a certain degree follow studygrammers which study different degrees, because they are also interested on the know-how learning process) and in the followers’ adhesion criteria we find more rational than emotional reasons.
Abstract
Present learning ecologies are diverse and change quickly, which demands a similar observation of the phenomenon. This paper is focused on the youth emerging informal learning [...]
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UNESCO’s Media and Information Literacy curriculum for teachers from the perspective of Structural Considerations of Information
G. Alcolea-Díaz, R. Reig, R. Mancinas-Chávez, G. Alcolea-Díaz, R. Reig, R. Mancinas-Chávez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (1), 18

Abstract
The discipline Structural Considerations of Information explores the interests underlying communicational dynamics and information strategies, as well as the ways in which they correlate with messages. Considering this knowledge to be key in Communication Education, and having confirmed its close relationship with the dimensions of media competence, its presence is analyzed in the Media and Information Literacy (MIL) curriculum for teachers, whose training is crucial for the success of the process, developed by UNESCO, an organization that is a global referent in the field. A semantic content analysis reveals, from a quantitative perspective, a strong presence of thematic areas covered by the Structural Considerations of Information subject within the competencies and contents of the curriculum. However, at a qualitative level, there are fundamental weaknesses in its relationship with the structural approach to information. This occurs when the critical spirit of the text declines, starting with a definition of the media as sources of reliable information. The ubiquity of disinformation, and the key role played by stakeholders’ knowledge, as well as the development of critical thinking to address it requires an update of this curriculum–the present review contributes to this development– highlighting the current necessity to address it from a structural vantage that fosters critical citizenship and a democratic process.
Abstract
The discipline Structural Considerations of Information explores the interests underlying communicational dynamics and information strategies, as well as the ways in which [...]
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Self-perception about emerging digital skills in Higher Education students
F. León-Pérez, M. Bas, A. Escudero-Nahón, F. León-Pérez, M. Bas, A. Escudero-Nahón

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (1), 16

Abstract
The current labor market demands new qualities and knowledge from the recent graduates of universities. This has been called ‘21st century digital skills’ and there is not enough research on the self-perception of students in this regard. The objective of this research was to measure student self-perception about their own 21st century digital skills related to the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in Higher Education. A questionnaire was generated and applied to 356 students with the stratified random sampling technique. A principal component analysis was carried out, supported by adequate values of the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin coefficient and the Bartlett sphericity test. The data indicate that the students use digital technology in academic projects, primarily; they have a lot of skill when using ICT for information management, to develop critical thinking and to solve problems, as well as to manage mobile devices. However, their self-perception in the use of ICT in teaching classes is low. The results suggest that the students do not believe that the use of ICT in the classroom is useful to develop this kind of emerging digital skills. Instead, they think that carrying out academic projects does strengthen the acquisition and development of such skills in relation to the use of ICT.
Abstract
The current labor market demands new qualities and knowledge from the recent graduates of universities. This has been called ‘21st century digital skills’ and there is [...]
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Bullying and cyberbullying in LGBT adolescents: Prevalence and effects on mental health
M. Garaigordobil, E. Larrain, M. Garaigordobil, E. Larrain

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (1), 14

Abstract
Bullying and cyberbullying have negative consequences on adolescents’ mental health. The study had two objectives: 1) to analyze possible differences in sexual orientation (heterosexual and non-heterosexual) in the percentage of victims and aggressors of bullying/cyberbullying, as well as the amount of aggressive behavior suffered and carried out; 2) to compare the mental health of adolescent heterosexual and non-heterosexual victims, aggressors, cybervictims, and cyberaggressors. Participants included 1,748 adolescents from the Basque Country, aged between 13 and 17 years (52.6% girls, 47.4% boys), 12.5% non-heterosexuals, 87.5% heterosexuals, who completed 4 assessment instruments. A descriptive and comparative cross-sectional methodology was used. The results confirm that: 1) the percentage of victims and cybervictims was significantly higher in non-heterosexuals, but the percentage of heterosexual and non-heterosexual aggressors and cyberaggressors was similar; 2) non-heterosexual victims and cybervictims had suffered significantly more aggressive bullying/cyberbullying; 3) non-heterosexual victims and aggressors of bullying exhibited significantly more depression, social anxiety, and psychopathological symptoms (somatization, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity…) than heterosexuals; 4) non-heterosexual cybervictims and cyberaggressors displayed more depression and more psychopathological symptoms, but no differences were found in social anxiety. The importance of intervening from the family, school, and society to reduce bullying/cyberbullying and enhance respect for sexual diversity is discussed.
Abstract
Bullying and cyberbullying have negative consequences on adolescents’ mental health. The study had two objectives: 1) to analyze possible differences in sexual orientation [...]
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Positive or negative communication in social activism
D. Pinazo-Calatayud, E. Nos-Aldás, S. Agut-Nieto, D. Pinazo-Calatayud, E. Nos-Aldas, S. Agut-Nieto

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (1), 12

Abstract
This study analyses the role of communication in social activism from models that surpass the mere emotional reaction, prior belief reinforcement or brand identification. This paper tests the hypothesis that a message focused on the cause (and its results) will motivate a previously sensitized audience depending on their interactions with source favorability. The methodology is based on the design of a bifactor experimental action result study 2 (failure versus success) x 2 valences (favorable versus unfavorable source) with the participation of 297 people who are pro-avoidance of evictions. The results allow us to infer that the messages from sources hostile to the cause that report negative results have the potential to emotionally and behaviorally motivate activists to a greater extent than messages with more positive results from favorable sources. The conclusions point to the dialogue between social injustice frames and pro-cause action emotions as a way to increase social mobilization. The theoretical and empirical implications of these findings are discussed in the present-day context of social media prevalence.
Abstract
This study analyses the role of communication in social activism from models that surpass the mere emotional reaction, prior belief reinforcement or brand identification. [...]
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Learning ecologies in online students with disabilities
C. Rodrigo, B. Tabuenca, C. Rodrigo, B. Tabuenca

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (1), 10

Abstract
E-Learning environments are enhancing both their functionalities and the quality of the resources provided, thus simplifying the creation of learning ecologies adapted for students with disabilities. The number of students with disabilities enrolled in online courses is so small, and their impairments are so specific that it becomes difficult to quantify and identify which specific actions should be taken to support them. This work contributes to scientific literature with two key aspects: 1) It identifies which barriers these students encounter, and which tools they use to create learning ecologies adapted to their impairments; 2) It also presents the results from a case study in which 161 students with recognised disabilities evaluate the efficiency and ease of use of an online learning environment in higher education studies. The work presented in this paper highlights the need to provide multimedia elements with subtitles, text transcriptions, and the option to be downloadable and editable so that the student can adapt them to their needs and learning style.
Abstract
E-Learning environments are enhancing both their functionalities and the quality of the resources provided, thus simplifying the creation of learning ecologies adapted for [...]
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The ecology of resilience learning in ubiquitous environments to adverse situations
R. Martínez-Rodríguez, L. Benítez-Corona, R. Martínez-Rodríguez, L. Benítez-Corona

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (1), 8

Abstract
Primary education in Mexico is facing a growing set of challenges that the government has tried to counteract through the use of communication technologies (ICT) in formal education. While these efforts provide support for students and educators, there remains a need for a renewed and contextualized awareness that will re-conceptualize the adverse experiences of students and the importance of resilience in the context of the learning environment. The objective of this document is to give an account of the learning acquired by nine telesecondary students in a rural area of Hidalgo and the student’s benefits of building awareness about the ecology of learning. The paper highlights the process of re-envisioning their experiences that emerged from the various points of views shared in discussion. The study was triangulated by quantitative and qualitative phenomenological and hermeneutical analyses. It was organized into three stages and employed a survey, semi-structured interviews, focus groups and use of the Google-Classroom platform. The hermeneutical analysis of autobiographies and the use of technological resources enhanced the personal analysis of the experiences of the participants. These experiences generated learning that may often be invisible in formal education but can empower critical thinking, collaboration and autonomy of students to become aware of their learning and the scope of their social contribution.
Abstract
Primary education in Mexico is facing a growing set of challenges that the government has tried to counteract through the use of communication technologies (ICT) in formal [...]
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Mirroring learning ecologies of outstanding teachers to integrate ICTs in the classroom
T. Romeu-Fontanillas, M. Guitert-Catasús, J. Raffaghelli, A. Sangrà, T. Romeu-Fontanillas, M. Guitert-Catasús, J. Raffaghelli, A. Sangrà

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (1), 6

Abstract
This paper presents an exploratory study to examine the practices of outstanding primary school teachers in their professional development for ICT integration in teaching and learning, as a means of understanding how their learning ecologies develop and function. Outstanding teachers in the context of this study are teachers who innovate pedagogically and who are influential in the community, having successfully developed their learning ecology. Using a qualitative approach, we explore the concept of learning ecologies as a driver for innovation in the professional development of teachers, using a carefully selected sample of nine outstanding teachers. Drawing from in-depth interviews, specific coding and NVIVO analysis, our results show that these teachers develop organized systems for activities, relationships and resource usage and production, which can be characterized as the components of their professional learning ecology, to continuously keep up to date. We also identified some characteristics of teachers that perform outstandingly and factors that potentially facilitate or hinder their learning ecology development. Further research in the field will enable an improved understanding of the professional learning ecologies of school teachers and support future interventions and recommendations for professional development through the cultivation of emerging professional learning ecologies.
Abstract
This paper presents an exploratory study to examine the practices of outstanding primary school teachers in their professional development for ICT integration in teaching [...]
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Personalised learning networks in the university blended learning context
F. Han, R. Ellis, F. Han, R. Ellis

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (1), 4

Abstract
In researching student learning experience in Higher Education, a dearth of studies has investigated cognitive, social, and material dimensions simultaneously with the same population. From an ecological perspective of learning, this study examined the interrelatedness amongst key elements in these dimensions of 365 undergraduates’ personalised learning networks. Data were collected from questionnaires, learning analytics, and course marks to measure these elements in the blended learning experience and academic performance. Students reported qualitatively different cognitive engagement between an understanding and a reproducing learning orientation towards learning, which when combined with their choices of collaboration, generated five qualitatively different patterns of collaboration. The results revealed that students had an understanding learning orientation and chose to collaborate with students of similar learning orientation tended to have more successful blended learning experience. Their personalised learning networks were characterized by self-reported adoption of deep approaches to face-to-face and online learning; positive perceptions of the integration between online environment and the course design; the way they collaborated and positioned themselves in their collaborative networks; and they were more engaged with online learning activities in the course. The study had significant implications to inform theory development in learning ecology research and to guide curriculum design, teaching, and learning.
Abstract
In researching student learning experience in Higher Education, a dearth of studies has investigated cognitive, social, and material dimensions simultaneously with the same [...]
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Digital learning ecologies and professional development of university professors
M. González-Sanmamed, I. Estévez, A. Souto-Seijo, P. Muñoz-Carril, M. González-Sanmamed, I. Estévez, A. Souto-Seijo, P. Muñoz-Carril

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (1), 2

Abstract
This study analyses the extent to which faculty use the technological resources that make up their Learning Ecologies to encourage their teacher professional development. The interest of this research is the growing impact of Learning Ecologies as a framework to examine the multiple learning opportunities provided by the complex digital landscape. Global data referred to the use of technological resources grouped in three dimensions (Access, Search and Information Management resources, Creation and Content Editing resources, and Interaction and Communication resources) has been identified. In addition, the influence of different variables such as gender, age, years of teaching experience and the branch of knowledge were also examined. The methodology used has been quantitative through a survey. The sample consisted of 1,652 faculty belonging to 50 Spanish universities. To meet the aim of the study, descriptive and inferential analysis (ANOVA) were carried out. On the one hand, it is noted a moderate use of technological resources for professional development and, on the other hand, significant differences are observed on all variables analysed. The results warn of the need to promote, both at individual and institutional level, more enriched Learning Ecologies, in such a way that each teacher can take better advantage of the learning opportunities, provided by the networked society.
Abstract
This study analyses the extent to which faculty use the technological resources that make up their Learning Ecologies to encourage their teacher professional development. [...]
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Study of the academic production on communication in Spain and Latin America
V. Piñeiro-Naval, R. Morais, V. Piñeiro-Naval, R. Morais

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (2), 50

Abstract
This paper approaches the state of academic production in communication confined to the Hispanic sphere, namely, Spain and Latin America, during the period extending between 2013 and 2017. As in previous meta-research, the aim here is to highlight potential shortcomings in the discipline, both theoretically and methodologically. From an instrumental standpoint, a systematic, objective and quantitative content analysis was implemented on a probabilistic sample of 1,548 articles from the seven main journals in the field, all indexed in the first quartiles of the SJR-Scopus ranking. Aside from the percentage report for each variable, two-stage cluster analyses were performed twice to identify statistically significant publication patterns. As far as the results are concerned, it is worth highlighting the empirical nature of the studies, generally relying on quantitative methodologies, although no specific theoretical corpora are referenced. On the other hand, and although social networks and ICTs have gained a notable prominence, traditional media continue to be, collectively, the most prominent in communication research. Finally, the challenges of the field seem to revolve around two axes: providing studies with methodological robustness and, above all, with the theoretical background necessary to confront, with guarantees, the understanding of the liquid communicative manifestations that flow, at great speed, from the Information Society.
Abstract
This paper approaches the state of academic production in communication confined to the Hispanic sphere, namely, Spain and Latin America, during the period extending between [...]
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Effectiveness of MOOCs for teachers in safe ICT use training
A. Gordillo, S. López-Pernas, E. Barra, A. Gordillo, S. López-Pernas, E. Barra

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (2), 49

Abstract
Despite the efforts made, there is still an alarming difference between the digital competence that teachers have and the one they should have in order to develop their students' digital competence. The lack of teacher training in safe and responsible use of ICT is a special cause for concern. Online courses in MOOC format meet all the required conditions to offer a possible solution to the unavoidable and urgent need for initial and in-service teacher training in this area of digital competence. However, there is currently no evidence in the literature on the effectiveness of these courses for this purpose. This study examines the instructional effectiveness of courses in MOOC format for teacher training in the safe and responsible use of ICT by analysing three different official courses. The courses were analysed using three different methods: a questionnaire to measure participants’ perceptions, pre-tests and post-tests to measure the knowledge acquired, and LORI (Learning Object Review Instrument) to measure the quality of digital educational resources created by the participants. The results suggest that online courses in MOOC format are an effective way to train teachers in the safe and responsible use of ICT, and that these courses can enable the development of digital competence in the area of content creation.
Abstract
Despite the efforts made, there is still an alarming difference between the digital competence that teachers have and the one they should have in order to develop their students' [...]
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Safe and inclusive educational apps: Digital protection from an ethical and critical perspective
L. Crescenzi-Lanna, R. Valente, R. Suárez-Gómez, L. Crescenzi-Lanna, R. Valente, R. Suárez-Gómez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (2), 48

Abstract
The mediated use of technology fosters learning from early childhood and is a potential resource for inclusive education. Nevertheless, the huge range of options and exposure to interactive digital content, which is often online, also implies a series of risks. The definition of protection underlying the current strategies to protect children is inadequate as it only extends to reducing children's exposure to harmful content. This study proposes the expansion of this definition. Through systematic observation of 200 apps within the Catalan sphere for children under 8 years of age and principal component analysis, the results support a multidimensional conceptualisation of protection which, instead of being restricted to the potential risks, also considers aspects related to the educational and inclusive potential of digital resources. Five factors are suggested in order to select these resources and contribute to the digital competence of teachers and students. The first factor concerns the use of protection mechanisms and the existence of external interference, the second factor indicates the presence of adaptation tools; the exposure to stereotypes corresponds to the third factor and the last two consider the previous knowledge required and the verbal component of the apps. Finally, the scope of the suggested definition and its limitations as a guide for future analysis will be discussed.
Abstract
The mediated use of technology fosters learning from early childhood and is a potential resource for inclusive education. Nevertheless, the huge range of options and exposure [...]
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Online political participation of young people in Mexico, Spain and Chile
D. De-la-Garza-Montemayor, J. Peña-Ramos, F. Recuero-López, D. de-la-Garza-Montemayor, J. Peña-Ramos, F. Recuero-López

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (2), 47

Abstract
Digital media are present in all areas of society, even configured as a new space for political socialization. This is especially applicable in the case of young people due to their high use of new technologies, as they are also trained with the necessary skills to do so. In this context, social networks have prompted the emergence of a new type of political participation: which takes place online. Therefore, this study delves into the relationship between the socialization that occurs in the network, digital skills and political participation online and offline. A quantitative survey-based methodology was used with university students from three Ibero-American countries: Mexico, Spain and Chile. The fieldwork was conducted between the months of December 2017 and June 2018. The results obtained show that young people consume mainly digital media, which does not prevent them from being critical with the quality they deserve. In this sense, the political participation actions in which they are involved are mostly developed in the network, thus participating to a lesser extent offline. Therefore, young people enter the world of politics through the consumption of information on the Internet, which favors a subsequent online political participation.
Abstract
Digital media are present in all areas of society, even configured as a new space for political socialization. This is especially applicable in the case of young people due [...]
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Application of the ubiquitous game with augmented reality in Primary Education
J. Sáez-López, M. Sevillano-García, M. Pascual-Sevillano, J. Sáez-López, M. Sevillano-García-García, M. Pascual-Sevillano

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (2), 46

Abstract
Augmented reality (AR) immersion enables virtual objects and real environments to coexist and encourage experimentation with phenomena that are not possible in the real world. Augmented reality is generating new opportunities for the development of ubiquity within educational environments. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact that the integration of ubiquitous game approaches with augmented reality has on learning. A quasi-experimental study was carried out with 91 sixth-grade primary school students; the learning scenario was designed and the augmented reality application “WallaMe” was selected for use in five sessions of a didactic unit in Art Education. Through pretest and posttest procedures, academic performance and information search skills were evaluated, and, a Likert scale analyzed the motivation and collaboration variables among the students. The results showed that the experimental group obtained statistically significant improvements in the academic performance of the subject, motivation, in the search for, and analysis of, information, level of fun and collaboration. The conclusion is that the dynamic activities managed in the intervention, which made use of augmented reality and localization, benefit teaching-learning processes, and encourage innovation and improvement through educational technology.
Abstract
Augmented reality (AR) immersion enables virtual objects and real environments to coexist and encourage experimentation with phenomena that are not possible in the real world. [...]
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Competence of future teachers in the digital security area
M. Gallego-Arrufat, N. Torres-Hernández, T. Pessoa, M. Gallego-Arrufat, N. Torres-Hernández, T. Pessoa

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (2), 45

Abstract
The use of technologies and the Internet poses problems and risks related to digital security. This article presents the results of a study on the evaluation of the digital competence of future teachers in the DigCompEdu European framework. 317 undergraduate students from Spain and Portugal answered a questionnaire with 59 items, validated by experts, in order to assess the level and predominant competence profile in initial training (including knowledge, uses and interactions and attitudinal patterns). The results show that 47% of the participants belong to the profile of teachers at medium digital risk, evidencing habitual practices that involve risks such as sharing information and digital content inappropriately, not using strong passwords, and ignoring concepts such as identity, digital “footprint” and digital reputation. The average valuations of each item in the seven categories show that future teachers have an average competence in the area of digital security. They have good attitudes toward security but less knowledge and fewer skills and practices related to the safe and responsible use of the Internet. Future lines of work are proposed, aimed at responding to the demand for a better prepared and more digitally competent citizenry. The demand for education in security, privacy and digital identity is becoming increasingly important, and these elements form an essential part of initial training.
Abstract
The use of technologies and the Internet poses problems and risks related to digital security. This article presents the results of a study on the evaluation of the digital [...]
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Digital resources and didactic methodology in the initial training of History teachers
P. Miralles-Martínez, C. Gómez-Carrasco, V. Arias, O. Fontal-Merillas, P. Miralles-Martínez, C. Gómez-Carrasco, V. Arias-González, O. Fontal-Merillas

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (2), 44

Abstract
This paper analyzes the links that exist between the perceptions of teachers-in-training regarding the use of digital resources in the Secondary Education classroom and their own methodological and epistemological conceptions. Shulman’s theories continue to largely guide current research on teacher knowledge. However, the impact caused by the new technologies has inspired new approaches like T-PACK, which put the focus on the teachers’ digital competence. In order to address this goal, information has been collected by means of a questionnaire implemented in 22 universities, 13 Spanish (344 participants) and 9 British (162 participants). The analysis of data was conducted along three phases: a) examination of the structure of assessments regarding the usefulness of digital resources by analyzing latent classes; b) estimation of confirmatory factor models for variable evaluation processes, History as a formative subject and historical competencies; c) estimation of interclass differences by using confirmatory factor models. The results showed four types of response regarding the use of digital resources in the classroom that were polarized about two items: comics and video games. Important interclass differences have likewise been found regarding methodological issues (traditional and innovative practices), as well as less important differences concerning epistemological conceptions and views on the development of historical competencies in the classroom.
Abstract
This paper analyzes the links that exist between the perceptions of teachers-in-training regarding the use of digital resources in the Secondary Education classroom and their [...]
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Teacher’s digital competence among final year Pedagogy students in Chile and Uruguay
J. Silva, M. Usart, J. Lázaro-Cantabrana, J. Silva, M. Usart, J. Lázaro-Cantabrana

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (2), 43

Abstract
The development of Teacher’s Digital Competence (TDC) should start in initial teacher training, and continue throughout the following years of practice. All this with the purpose of using Digital Technologies (DT) to improve teaching and professional development. This paper presents a study focused on the diagnosis of TDC among ITT senior students from Chile and Uruguay. A quantitative methodology, with a representative sample of 568 students (N=273 from Chile and N=295 from Uruguay) was designed and implemented. TDC was also studied and discussed in relation to gender and educational level. Results showed a mostly basic level for the four dimensions of the TDC in the sample. Regarding the relationship between the variables and the TDC, the Planning, organization and management of spaces and technological resources’ dimension is the only one showing significant differences. In particular, male students achieved a higher TDC level compared with female students. Furthermore, the proportion of Primary Education students with a low TDC level was significantly higher than other students. In conclusion, it is necessary, for teacher training institutions in Chile and Uruguay, to implement policies at different moments and in different areas of the ITT process in order to improve the development of the TDC.
Abstract
The development of Teacher’s Digital Competence (TDC) should start in initial teacher training, and continue throughout the following years of practice. All this with the [...]
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The development of the digital teaching competence from a sociocultural approach
P. Colás-Bravo, J. Conde-Jiménez, S. Reyes-de-Cózar, P. Colás-Bravo-Bravo, J. Conde-Jiménez, S. Reyes-de-Cózar

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (2), 42

Abstract
Many Nowadays, digital teaching competence transcends the individual training of teachers in ICT. The European framework DigCompEdu, highlights that teachers must train students in the application of digital technologies in a critical and responsible way, in terms of information, communication, content generation, wellbeing and problem solving. Despite the good intentions to systematize a common model of development of digital competence, it is detected that the proposals lack a pedagogical approach that serves as a theoretical framework for them. This paper proposes a development model of the digital teaching competence based on the sociocultural approach through four constructs: Command, Preference, Reintegration and Appropriation. For this study, an ad hoc scale is created to record the digital teaching competence through the development of this in their students and empirical evidences are provided. A survey type design is proposed. The sample consists of 1,881 students of compulsory education in Andalusia (Spain). SPSS is used to analyse data. The average general results for each of the dimensions studied reveal a medium level of development of digital competence. It is concluded that there is still too much to be done in terms of teacher training in ICT, being necessary to provide them strategies for the development of this in their students.
Abstract
Many Nowadays, digital teaching competence transcends the individual training of teachers in ICT. The European framework DigCompEdu, highlights that teachers must train students [...]
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Understanding social and cultural aspects of teachers’ digital competencies
B. Engen, B. Engen

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (2), 41

Abstract
Many European governments, including Norway, have ambitious educational policies regarding digitalisation. Many businesses and policymakers pay great attention to the use of digital technologies in education in order to meet the future demands for a competent and qualified workforce. Among researchers and policymakers, there is a general consensus that the professional teacher is a key figure for the successful implementation of digital technologies in schools. Many expectations have been placed upon professional teachers regarding the implementation and use of digital technologies. The professional teacher is, to a certain degree, supposed to independently decide how digital technologies should be used in the classroom. This paper discusses what the concept of a ‘professional digitally competent teacher’ may mean in the context of schools. It also argues the need for a greater understanding of professional digital competence, one which takes into consideration various social and cultural aspects with regard to technology, schools and the teaching profession. In unpacking the social and cultural conditions for implementing technology in a professional teaching context, I will draw on concepts from the constructivist understanding of technology, namely, the ‘domestication of technology’.
Abstract
Many European governments, including Norway, have ambitious educational policies regarding digitalisation. Many businesses and policymakers pay great attention to the use [...]
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Teenagers, smartphones and digital audio consumption in the age of Spotify
L. Pedrero-Esteban, A. Barrios-Rubio, V. Medina-Ávila

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (2), 40

Abstract
The consolidation of smartphones as dominant devices for access to digital information and entertainment has redefined the processes of production and commercialization of cultural communication industries. The nature of these screens, which prioritize the visual content over the sound, decisively influences distribution strategies in the audio market: radio operators, streaming music platforms and podcast creators need to adapt their value chains to the habits derived from this mediation, especially in the younger audience. This research identifies the practices of mobile use as an audio receiver among adolescents in Colombia, Spain and Mexico –the most representative countries of Spanish-speaking digital sound consumption– based on a descriptive study on a thousand subjects from 13 to 19 years of age. The results confirm the overwhelming dominance in this music menu in the face of low penetration of radio and podcast word content. The selection is based on personal criteria, with little margin for the prescription of family or friends. There is evidence of the roots of individual listening, linked to the brand and the visibility of audio providers, who are obliged to develop diffusion logics based not only on thematic or genre preferences, but also on the user experience.
Abstract
The consolidation of smartphones as dominant devices for access to digital information and entertainment has redefined the processes of production and commercialization of [...]
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Participatory audiences in the European public service media: Content production and copyright
A. López-Cepeda, M. López-Golán, M. Rodríguez-Castro

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (2), 39

Abstract
The interactivity and participation of the public in the media is not a novelty, but has increased significantly with the adaptation to the digital convergence process. The possibility for audiences to share content through social platforms or generating its own is raising new ethical and legal issues. In this context, the public service audiovisual media must be pioneer both in the introduction of new participatory experiences and in the debate on the behaviour of the media regarding the interaction with its users. The objective of this article is twofold: on the one hand, to approach the current scenario of participatory mechanisms present in the European public service audiovisual media; on the other hand, to determine how this media is solving the new problems generated by the increase in user interaction. The research on participatory mechanisms offered by public service media shows that social networks, blogs, and comment sections are the main tools for discursive participation, while the field of creative participation requires the exploitation of new innovation strategies. The main challenge arising from this situation is how to control the legality of user-generated content and how to manage the ownership of copyright according to social values represented in public service media.
Abstract
The interactivity and participation of the public in the media is not a novelty, but has increased significantly with the adaptation to the digital convergence process. The [...]
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Systematic review of the current state of research on Online Social Networks: Taxonomy on experience of use
M. Pertegal-Vega, A. Oliva-Delgado, A. Rodríguez-Meirinhos

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (2), 38

Abstract
The widespread use of online social networks (OSN) among young people has been accompanied by an increase of publications about them and their effects on the psychosocial development of users. Previous panoramic reviews on OSN research are now outdated and do not provide a comprehensive view of the complexity of the user experience. The aims of this systematic review were three: to identify quantitative studies on OSN; to build a taxonomy about the user experience; and to classify studied variables in the topics and subtopics. The literature search and review according to PICoS strategy led to 546 identified publications that met the eligibility criteria. The taxonomy included nine major topics: overall use; activities and types of use; perceptions and attitudes OSN; the social network of online contacts; needs and motives for use; profile and privacy management; social processes; identity processes; and cognitive-emotional processes related to use of OSN. The three most studied topics were: overall use; activities and types of use; and social processes related to use of OSN. Classification and quantification of the different variables studied about the users’ experience is detailed. Several theoretical perspectives are discussed, as well as the gaps and challenges in OSN research. The proposed taxonomy could be useful for researchers to better delineate the aims of future studies.
Abstract
The widespread use of online social networks (OSN) among young people has been accompanied by an increase of publications about them and their effects on the psychosocial [...]
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Online news recommendations credibility: The tie is mightier than the source
T. Samuel-Azran, T. Hayat

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (2), 37

Abstract
In this paper, we wish to examine the perceived credibility of news items shared through Social Networking Sites (SNS) –specifically, as a function of tie strength and perceived credibility of the media source from which the content originated. We utilized a between-subjects design. The Facebook account of each participant (N=217) was analyzed. Based on this analysis, our participants were shown a fictitious Facebook post that was presumably shared by one of their Facebook friends with whom they had either a strong social tie (experiment group), or a weak social tie (control group). All recipients were then asked about their perceptions regarding the news source (from which the item presumably originated), and their perception regarding thecredibility of the presented item. Our findings indicate that the strength of the social tie between the sharer of the item and its recipient mediates the effect of the credibility perception regarding the news source, and the perceived item credibility, as well as the likelihood of searching for additional information regarding the topic presented in the shared item.
Abstract
In this paper, we wish to examine the perceived credibility of news items shared through Social Networking Sites (SNS) –specifically, as a function of tie strength and perceived [...]
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Taiwanese university students’ smartphone use and the privacy paradox
Y. Katherine-Chen, C. Ryan-Wen

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (2), 36

Abstract
With the prevalence of smart devices and wireless Internet, privacy has become a pivotal matter in governmental, academic, and technological fields. Our study aims to understand Taiwanese university students’ privacy concerns and protective behaviours in relation to online targeting ads and their habitual smartphone usage. Surveying 810 valid subjects, our results first propose that ad relevance has direct bearing on attention to ads. Second, ad relevance inversely correlates with privacy concerns (i.e. descending personal control and surging corporate power) and protective behaviours (self-filtering and ad evasion). Third and finally, neither privacy concerns nor protective behaviours have a negative bearing on habitual smartphone usage. Opposite to previous research, our study concludes that Taiwanese college students exhibit zero privacy paradox, owing to no signs of privacy concern incited by mobile targeting ads, no evidence of significant protective behaviours, and no decreasing habitual smartphone usage out of privacy concern and protection. Our findings indicate Taiwanese university students’ shaky awareness of potential risks and crises from exposure to vulnerable online privacy management. To deal with this, we suggest educating youths’ understandings of digital jeopardy by experts is urgently needed more so than just technical tutorials of privacy settings.
Abstract
With the prevalence of smart devices and wireless Internet, privacy has become a pivotal matter in governmental, academic, and technological fields. Our study aims to understand [...]
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The role of knowledge structures in adult excellence. An approach from expert functioning
A. Castelló-Tarrida, R. Cladellas-pros, J. Limonero-García

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (2), 35

Abstract
Adult performance of high ability individuals has seldom been researched. Current results suggest that adult excellence occurs at lower rates than high ability individuals identified in their infancy or youth, with few cases of high intellectual abilities among adults that yield excellence products. This paper focuses on the analysis of the relative frequency of biographical traits that are associated with high ability as well as to the opportunities that allow building particular knowledge structures that are non-conventional and support innovation in people who excelled. A retrospective biographical analysis was performed on a sample of 120 individuals that generated renowned excellence products, in different fields, in the XXth century. Variables associated to high abilities were: precocity; learning problems; social problems in school; and academic excellence. And the variables associated with the generation of knowledge structures that support innovation were: academic-professional continuity; strong influence of particular individuals; and high productivity. Significant differences were found, showing a low presence of the first four variables and a higher presence of the last three. It follows that the trajectory towards excellence does not seem to correlate with a high level of intellectual resources but with a certain use of sufficient resources, whether cerebral or external technological support.
Abstract
Adult performance of high ability individuals has seldom been researched. Current results suggest that adult excellence occurs at lower rates than high ability individuals [...]
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An enrichment program for students with high intellectual ability: Positive effects on school adaptation
R. García-Perales, L. Almeida

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (2), 34

Abstract
This article notes the low rate of highly talented or gifted students formally identified in Spain compared to international benchmarks. These students are not properly identified, so a lack of specific educational responses for these highly talented students is also expected. Trying to counteract this trend, this article presents an enrichment program imparted to a group of students with high intellectual abilities during the academic year 2017/18 over three weekly sessions during school hours, where emerging technologies were an important key in how it was delivered. The experimental design included an experimental group of high ability students and two control groups, one consisting of students with high abilities who did not receive specific educational responses and another consisting of a group of regular schoolchildren in terms of abilities. The results showed that the implementation of specific educational responses improved children’s levels of adaptation and in some cases, their school performance. These data are discussed in an attempt to recommend enrichment programs integrated into the classroom as an appropriate educational response to gifted or high ability students. Attention to diversity of all students in the classroom is possible, for example by resorting to ICT, increasing the educational inclusion of students with high intellectual capacity.
Abstract
This article notes the low rate of highly talented or gifted students formally identified in Spain compared to international benchmarks. These students are not properly identified, [...]
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Children with grand Imaginaries: Bringing them closer to the world of science
S. Villareal-Romero, E. Olaya-Escobar, E. Leal-Peña, J. Palacios-Chaparro

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (2), 33

Abstract
Although at present there are academic strategies for scientific dissemination, it is still a challenge for the general population to access quality information that is reliable, easy to understand and motivational towards science. This article proposes an image-based educational scientific dissemination tool with the goal of bringing children closer to science, through the recognition of relevant characters and their contributions. The study was developed along three stages. The first and second were conducted through a qualitative analytical approach with an interpretative perspective, using a documental method, with a review and analysis technique. During the first stage, a review and selection of studies related to scientific dissemination for children was conducted. The second one focused on the identification and selection of scientific characters, through the establishment of categories and criteria. The third stage relates to the design of outstanding characters’ biographical cards. The main contribution of this proposal is the assembly of a semantic network to portray a completed character profile, time context, place of origin, contributions, impacts, acknowledgements or prizes, as well as limitations or difficulties in context. Therefore, a mean of disclosure was devised through cards with a highly graphic and animated content regarding scientific characters sized in a gaming strategy called ‘Sapiencia’, a ludic and motivational learning tool.
Abstract
Although at present there are academic strategies for scientific dissemination, it is still a challenge for the general population to access quality information that is reliable, [...]
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Educating the gifted student: Eagerness to achieve as a curricular competence
M. García-Guardia, R. Ayestarán-Crespo, J. López-Gómez, M. Tovar-Vicente

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (2), 32

Abstract
During the last decades, high intellectual abilities have been revealed as a decisive curricular factor that evidences the need to adapt content to students' characteristics. In Spain, various autonomous communities have designed programs that, through extraordinary activities, seek to respond to this demand and provide talented students with the appropriate context for the development and strengthening of their skills. In the case of Madrid, this proposal includes private involvement of an entrepreneurial nature that has demonstrated the possible connection between the two environments when considering the labor asset, fundamentally oriented to the resolution of projects by adolescent subjects with above average cognitive capacities. This research has examined, by means of a 180º questionnaire completed by 342 subjects (comprised of parents and skilled children, teachers and classmates) in seven Madrid schools, the possibility of identifying the ‘eagerness to achieve’ competence, considering that its early distinction enables its development in educational contexts and the training of students in order to promote individuals who focus their professional work towards the completion of assigned activities. The results obtained have also made it possible to draw up a generic profile of the talented student by combining his or her own assessments and those of his or her environment, and to recognize their most highly valued inherent aptitudes as well as those least valued.
Abstract
During the last decades, high intellectual abilities have been revealed as a decisive curricular factor that evidences the need to adapt content to students' characteristics. [...]
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From high intellectual ability to genius: Profiles of perfectionism
S. Sastre-Riba, E. Fonseca-Pedrero, J. Ortuño-Sierra

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (2), 31

Abstract
The aim of the study was to understand the components associated with the types of perfectionism described as adaptive/healthy, maladaptive/unhealthy or non-perfectionism, which could offer positive or negative aspects to improve excellence and well-being, exploring the number and content of the latent perfectionism structure as a multidimensional construct in a sample of High Intellectual Abilities (HIA) students. Links with Positive and Negative perfectionism were also compared across perfectionism latent profiles. A total of n=137 HIA students, mean age 13.77 years (SD=1.99), participated in a survey. The Almost Perfect Scale Revised (APS-R) and Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale-12 (PNPS-12) were used. Results obtained showed three latent classes (LC): ‘Unhealthy’ (LC1), ‘Healthy’ (LC2) and ‘No perfectionism’ (LC3). LC1 showed high scores on Discrepancy subscales but low in Order and High Standards. LC2 displayed higher scores on High Standards and Order. LC3 displayed low scores across all perfectionism facets. Statistically significant differences were found across latent profiles in almost all perfectionism features. Different patterns of associations with Positive and Negative perfectionism were obtained across latent profiles. These findings address the latent structure of perfectionisms in HIA students and allow us to delimit, analyze, and understand the tentative latent profiles within the HIA arena.
Abstract
The aim of the study was to understand the components associated with the types of perfectionism described as adaptive/healthy, maladaptive/unhealthy or non-perfectionism, [...]
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7 advantages of plastic pipes
F. FZC

(Select a year).

Abstract
Today, when installing sewage, heating and water supply systems, plastic pipes are increasingly being used. What is the reason for such a priority over steel metal systems? Consider the benefits of building materials suppliers in Sharjah.
Abstract
Today, when installing sewage, heating and water supply systems, plastic pipes are increasingly being used. What is the reason for such a priority over steel metal systems? [...]
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Enfrentando el cambio climático desde la docencia en la FCFM: avances de la implementación de competencias para la sustentabilidad
F. Célèry, A. Montenegro

Revista Iberoamericana de Educación en Ingeniería (RIEI) (2019). Vol. 1, 7

Abstract
Todos los años se desarrolla la Conferencia de las Partes (COP) para avanzar en los objetivos de la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (CMNUCC), para aminorar el impacto del ser humano sobre el sistema climático. Este año, corresponde la COP25, la cual se desarrollará en Chile y es conocida bajo el llamado de “Tiempo de Actuar”, centrándose en la necesidad de aumentar los compromisos de los distintos países. Por otra parte, la Universidad de Chile se comprometió a trabajar este tema en la Política de Sustentabilidad Universitaria. En la FCFM se fundó la Oficina de Ingeniería para la Sustentabilidad, la cual se encargó de identificar los cursos relacionados con sustentabilidad. El objetivo general de este informe es presentar las iniciativas docentes que se desarrollarán en la FCFM, y analizar los impactos que estas tendrán para cumplir los compromisos del país ante la CMNUCC. La metodología consiste en integrar la sustentabilidad en Plan Común por medio de los cursos de proyecto y en especialidad a través de la tributación a la Competencia Genérica (CG) de Sustentabilidad. Por otro lado, se ofrecieron Workshops enfocados en el cambio climático para profesionales jóvenes. En Plan Común se desarrollará una línea de proyectos con foco en la innovación y la sustentabilidad, con el objetivo de que los estudiantes se especialicen en estos ámbitos. Por otro lado, la CG de Sustentabilidad consta, en promedio, de un 35% de tributación en esta competencia considerando los cursos obligatorios de las especialidades, siendo la CG una base para que los futuros ingenieros puedan enfrentar los desafíos del cambio climático. Por último, se plantea que, para alcanzar los compromisos de Chile en la CMNUCC, es necesario educar en estos temas a los profesionales que se encuentran actualmente dentro del mundo laboral, por lo mismo, se prepararon Workshops para profesionales en temas de cambio climático en ingeniería y ciencias que se desarrollaron en agosto de 2019.
Abstract
Todos los años se desarrolla la Conferencia de las Partes (COP) para avanzar en los objetivos de la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático [...]
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Damage interpretation in historical masonry vaults and domes. Lessons on the structural response
P. Roca

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at FORM and FORCE - IASS Symposium 2019 and Structural Membranes 2019.
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Architecture and structure
M. Grohmann

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at FORM and FORCE - IASS Symposium 2019 and Structural Membranes 2019.
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Ancient building masters' Form and Force
G. Arun

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at FORM and FORCE - IASS Symposium 2019 and Structural Membranes 2019.
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Creating new architecture
W. Baker

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at FORM and FORCE - IASS Symposium 2019 and Structural Membranes 2019.
- 1
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Advances in the design and manufacturing of large scale inflatable hangars
J. Marcipar, E. Oñate

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at FORM and FORCE - IASS Symposium 2019 and Structural Membranes 2019.
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Strength through Geometry
P. Block

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at FORM and FORCE - IASS Symposium 2019 and Structural Membranes 2019.
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Antoni Gaudí: architect and structural artist
M. Burry

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at FORM and FORCE - IASS Symposium 2019 and Structural Membranes 2019.
- 4
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San Mames football stadium roof extension: the challenge of a 75m cantilevered span
A. Bilbao

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at FORM and FORCE - IASS Symposium 2019 and Structural Membranes 2019.
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Geometry and computational design of equilibrium structures
H. Pottmann

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at FORM and FORCE - IASS Symposium 2019 and Structural Membranes 2019.
- 1
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Structure and architecture: Landscape of gravity
M. Mimram

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at FORM and FORCE - IASS Symposium 2019 and Structural Membranes 2019.
- 1
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Advances in neuro-mechanical coupling methods
D. Peric

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the VIII International Conference on Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering (COUPLED 2019).
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El impacto de la co-docencia y la evaluación invertida en niveles de retención en la asignatura de redes I
S. Lourenço, D. Palma

Revista Iberoamericana de Educación en Ingeniería (RIEI) (2019). Vol. 1, 5

Abstract
En esta innovación la problemática detectada se vincula con la baja retención de los estudiantes primer año de la carrera de Electricidad Industrial Mención Instalaciones Eléctricas Centro de Formación Técnica (C.F.T) INACAP, sede Los Ángeles. En este proyecto de investigación-acción se procedió a estudiar de qué modo la retención académica del estudiante de primer año por motivos académicos puede estar vinculada con las habilidades del académico en la sala de clases, considerando cuatro variables importantes según el Marco de la Buena Enseñanza: (MINEDUC, 2008). En este ámbito se intervinieron las asignaturas de especialidad del primer semestre, capacitando a los docentes en didáctica de la especialidad correspondiente a la evaluación invertida modelo enseñanza de co-docencia, con el objetivo medir como la didáctica del profesor afecta directamente en nivel de retención de los estudiantes. Para el análisis de los dados se emplearon estadísticas no paramétricas correspondientes a las pruebas de Wilcoxon de rangos de signos, lo cual arroja como resultado que la intervención afecta significativamente en el porcentaje de retención de los estudiantes de primer año de la carrera intervenida
Abstract
En esta innovación la problemática detectada se vincula con la baja retención de los estudiantes primer año de la carrera de Electricidad Industrial [...]
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Structural optimization of forklift fork based on numerical simulation and mathematical modeling of stress and fatigue
E. Zhang, J. Zhuo, Z. Liu, T. Guo

Enlai Zhang's personal collection (2019). 1

Abstract
Fork’s related structural design and detail have a significant impact on the overall performance of a forklift. In this paper, the structural stress analysis and strength calculation of the fork were carried out firstly, and the rated load calculations considering dynamic and unbalanced conditions were performed. Also, the restraint conditions were analyzed. Then, a finite element model was established using ANSYS software. In particular, the structure of the fork was optimized by increasing the fillet radius of the fork root and the variation rules between the fillet radius and the maximum structural stress and minimum fatigue life were numerically studied, which was in accordance with the mathematical models of ExpAssoc and Logistic regression (the fitness R2= =0.99 and 0.96, respectively). Overall, the stress concentration issue of the fork root was improved and the structural strength perquisite was satisfied when using a fillet radius of 75 mm. Both the numerical calculations and theorized mechanical analysis show consistency, where the stress concentration was observed in the fork root’s fillet area, testifying the accuracy of the established finite element model. The numerous methods employed in this work lay an important theoretical basis for the structural design improvement of the target fork.
Abstract
Fork’s related structural design and detail have a significant impact on the overall performance of a forklift. In this paper, the structural stress analysis and strength [...]
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Promoviendo el pensamiento crítico en estudiantes de primer año de educación superior
T. Tapia, A. Arias, M. Westermeyer

Revista Iberoamericana de Educación en Ingeniería (RIEI) (2019). Vol. 1, 6

Abstract
El desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, adquiere particular importancia en la formación de los futuros profesionales, pues permite que los egresados se doten de competencias y capacidades que favorezcan el análisis crítico de problemas en su quehacer profesional, y puedan brindar soluciones prácticas y efectivas. De esta manera, como objetivo se planteó promover el pensamiento crítico, con actividades grupales experimentales dentro del aula, en la asignatura de Química General. La actividad fue aplicada a estudiantes de Ingeniería, en los años 2017-2018. Posteriormente se aplicó una encuesta de percepción. Por otra parte, los resultados conceptuales, como medida indirecta del pensamiento crítico, se evaluaron en una prueba de desarrollo, cuyos resultados se compararon con los años anteriores, sin intervención. La encuesta de percepción, indica que los estudiantes acogen con satisfacción la actividad, además, la evaluación escrita, arroja que ellos responden de manera exitosa en promedio entre 63-78% las preguntas asociadas a los temas intervenidos, en comparación con el 50-52% respectivamente de los años control, inmediatamente anteriores. También es posible agregar, que las actividades de grupo colaboraron en la promoción de un acercamiento entre pares de estudio.
Abstract
El desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, adquiere particular importancia en la formación de los futuros profesionales, pues permite que los egresados se doten [...]
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ODDLS: An overlapping domain decomposition level set method for simulation of free surface problems
J. García-Espinosa, A. Valls, E. Oñate

5-7 June 2007, Trondheim (Norway)

Abstract
This presentation introduces a new stabilized finite element method based on the finite calculus (Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 1998; 151:233–267) and arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian techniques (Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 1998; 155:235–249) for the solution to free surface problems. The main innovation of this method is the application of an overlapping domain decomposition concept in the statement of the problem. The aim is to increase the accuracy in the capture of the free surface as well as in the resolution of the governing equations in the interface between the two fluids. Free surface capturing is based on the solution to a level set equation. The Navier–Stokes equations are solved using an iterative monolithic predictor–corrector algorithm, where the correction step is based on imposing the divergence‐free condition in the velocity field by means of the solution to a scalar equation for the pressure. Examples of application of the ODDLS formulation (for overlapping domain decomposition level set) to the analysis of different free surface flow problems are presented.
Abstract
This presentation introduces a new stabilized finite element method based on the finite calculus (Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 1998; 151:233–267) and arbitrary [...]
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Multidisciplinary and multiscale modeling of aerodynamic decelerator systems
C. Farhat

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the VIII International Conference on Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering (COUPLED 2019).
- 7
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Large-scale topology optimization of structures using adaptive techniques
J. Baiges

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the VIII International Conference on Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering (COUPLED 2019).
- 3
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Phase-field modelling and computation of fracture in partially saturated porous media
L. Lorenzis

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the VIII International Conference on Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering (COUPLED 2019).
- 2
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Advances in the scaled boundary Finite Element Method for coupled problems
C. Birk

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the VIII International Conference on Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering (COUPLED 2019).
- 8
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Simulated reality: Intelligence augmentation systems that employ real-time simulation and augmented reality
E. Cueto

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the VIII International Conference on Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering (COUPLED 2019).
- 3
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Solving coupled problems in the realm of fracturing processes of saturated and unsaturated porous media
W. Ehlers

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the VIII International Conference on Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering (COUPLED 2019).
- 0
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Structure-preserving discretization in space and time of coupled problems
P. Betsch

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the VIII International Conference on Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering (COUPLED 2019).
- 1
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Designing flexoelectric metamaterials through computational strain gradient engineering
I. Arias

Videos of Plenary Lectures presented at the VIII International Conference on Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering (COUPLED 2019).
- 9
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