Documents published in 2020 : Scipedia

Sobre la autoría de «La vida del pícaro» (1601)
M. García Pérez

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2020). Vol. 8, (2), 17

Abstract
En este artículo realizo un repaso por la breve bibliografía que existe sobre la autoría de La vida del pícaro, publicada en Valencia en 1601. Una vez recopilados los argumentos, los pondré en contraste entre sí para lograr descartar aquellos con menor fuerza y llegar a una conclusión final sobre la autoría de esta obra. El objetivo de este artículo, por lo tanto, no es el de determinar con absoluta certeza el nombre del autor de la obra, sino que pretende señalar a un autor como el más probable, así como establecer consenso entre los argumentos de los pocos críticos que se han dedicado a la autoría de este texto.
Abstract
En este artículo realizo un repaso por la breve bibliografía que existe sobre la autoría de La vida del pícaro, publicada en Valencia en 1601. Una vez recopilados los [...]
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Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2020). Vol. 8, (2), 16
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Espectacularidad escénica en las loas de sor Juana Inés de la Cruz dedicadas a los virreyes de Nueva España
L. Sancho Dobles

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2020). Vol. 8, (2), 15

Abstract
Durante los años 1680 y 1684 sor Juana Inés de la Cruz compuso tres piezas de teatro breve dedicadas los virreyes de la corte novohispana. En esta oportunidad se observa la evolución de los elementos que le dan espectacularidad a las loas destinadas a festejar a la Virreina, al Virrey y al primogénito para entender cada pieza, como una unidad conformada por la estructura y el contenido, en el propio contexto en el cual fueron compuestas y escenificadas.
Abstract
Durante los años 1680 y 1684 sor Juana Inés de la Cruz compuso tres piezas de teatro breve dedicadas los virreyes de la corte novohispana. En esta oportunidad se observa [...]
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Álvaro Cubillo de Aragón: nuevas aportaciones biográficas
E. Martínez Carro

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2020). Vol. 8, (2), 14

Abstract
En las últimas décadas son numerosos los estudios para intentar conocer la biografía de los dramaturgos menores del Siglo de Oro. La tradición literaria ha sido la base de este tipo de investigaciones, pero los actuales avances archivísticos permiten la búsqueda de documentos y el acceso a nuevos datos biográficos sobre los poetas áureos.La localización de varios protocolos de interés sobre Álvaro Cubillo de Aragón ha permitido esclarecer el lugar y fecha de su nacimiento, hasta ahora confuso e indeterminado, así como su descendencia y finalmente su defunción y testamento. Estas aportaciones vienen a completar las lagunas biográficas de uno de los autores de mayor interés que ocupó la escena de la segunda mitad del siglo XVII.
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En las últimas décadas son numerosos los estudios para intentar conocer la biografía de los dramaturgos menores del Siglo de Oro. La tradición literaria ha sido la base [...]
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La «pintura» del gesto: una aproximación a las relaciones de comedias y su puesta en escena
C. Roldán Fidalgo

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2020). Vol. 8, (2), 13

Abstract
El aspecto editorial de las relaciones de comedias del Siglo de Oro es hasta ahora el más estudiado, siendo hoy bien conocida su distribución cronológica y espacial. El por qué se elegían precisamente estos complicados soliloquios para su recitación en las funciones caseras, y de qué modo se interpretaban, son cuestiones que, sin embargo, aún no han sido resueltas. En el presente trabajo se pretende dar respuesta a dichos interrogantes y realizar un acercamiento a la puesta en escena de las relaciones en la centuria dieciochesca.
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El aspecto editorial de las relaciones de comedias del Siglo de Oro es hasta ahora el más estudiado, siendo hoy bien conocida su distribución cronológica y espacial. El [...]
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Sor Juana y sus «Enigmas ofrecidos a la Casa del Placer»: un acercamiento a nuevas perspectivas
L. Munguía Ochoa

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2020). Vol. 8, (2), 12

Abstract
Los enigmas ofrecidos a la Casa del Placer de sor Juana Inés de la Cruz son una obra poco recurrida de nuestra Décima Musa, su trayecto dentro del sorjuanismo a partir de su hallazgo en 1968 por Enrique Martínez López en Lisboa nos muestra que su misterio no está solo en su género, sino también en el contexto que los forja; tanto en el ámbito espacio-temporal, como en las personas relaciona-das con su factura. La publicación de la edición en 1994 por Antonio Alatorre marca un antes y un después en la exégesis de la generación de estas redondillas, perspectiva conjetural ha sido repetida a lo largo de los años sin una mayor indagación. Este estudio propone una perspectiva distinta de la génesis del texto, aportando nuevos enfoques basados en información de fuentes primarias y un análisis de los textos previos de los enigmas.
Abstract
Los enigmas ofrecidos a la Casa del Placer de sor Juana Inés de la Cruz son una obra poco recurrida de nuestra Décima Musa, su trayecto dentro del sorjuanismo a partir de [...]
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A vueltas con la burla en Quevedo. Una lectura antropológica
E. Marigno Vázquez

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2020). Vol. 8, (2), 11

Abstract
Se propone aquí una lectura renovada de las jácaras de Francisco de Quevedo, en particular desde la hermenéutica. En efecto, se trata de aplicarle a estos romances de germanía otras guías que las ya conocidas y pulcramente aplicadas. Concretamente, se leen aquí las jácaras desde los conceptos y teorías de la reciente antropología literaria con, aparentemente, nuevas lecturas posibles sobre estas herméticas creaciones. Tras una presentación del marco teórico, se analizan las principales características socio-culturales y lingüísticas de estos textos a la luz de la guía antropológica, para proponer por último una comprensión nueva de esta poesía de germanía.
Abstract
Se propone aquí una lectura renovada de las jácaras de Francisco de Quevedo, en particular desde la hermenéutica. En efecto, se trata de aplicarle a estos romances de germanía [...]
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Para el texto de «La dama boba»: el parto de la gata como tema burlesco
F. Rodríguez Mansilla

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2020). Vol. 8, (2), 10

Abstract
Este artículo explora el tema del «parto de la gata» que expone la criada Clara en el primer acto de La dama boba de Lope de Vega. En la tradición crítica en torno a esta comedia, el pasaje ha sido estudiado como un tema derivado de la oposición entre oscuridad y luz. El análisis adopta la perspectiva de los estudios de animales para comprender la escena narrada como un tema autónomo, de cariz burlesco, más que como una derivación de la mencionada dualidad. Empieza con una exposición del gato y su relación con la mujer y el espacio doméstico. Luego, se comenta el marco enunciativo, la función cómica del tema dentro de la comedia y su proyección en el resto de la acción, como parte de la evolución psicológica de su protagonista, Finea. Por último, se comenta la presencia del mismo tema en La Dorotea y su pervivencia en la literatura española moderna.
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Este artículo explora el tema del «parto de la gata» que expone la criada Clara en el primer acto de La dama boba de Lope de Vega. En la tradición crítica en torno a [...]
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La función “carnavalesca” de las referencias musicales en «El juez de los divorcios» y «La elección de los alcaldes de Daganzo» de Cervantes
J. Porras

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2020). Vol. 8, (2), 9

Abstract
Este trabajo analiza la conexión entre el concepto bajtiniano de lo “carnavalesco” y las referencias musicales en La elección de los alcaldes de Daganzo y El juez de los divorcios de Cervantes. Aunque mucha de la música que figuraba en estas obras no ha sobrevivido, su engranaje en las tablas evidentemente brilla en cuantiosas didascalias que señalan su máxima participación como efecto especial, y especialmente, como herramienta para la manifestación del «mundo al revés», no solo por medio de conceptos musicales, como expresiones idiomáticas o tropos en el lenguaje de los personajes, sino también a través de los instrumentos, los bailes y las canciones referidas. Nos centraremos en estos dos entremeses para demostrar que la importancia de las referencias musicales radica en una cuidadosa función ideológica. Estas referencias musicales que Cervantes concibió no solo contribuyen de maneras prácticas, técnicas y estructurales al plano espectacular, sino también a los mecanismos de la risa, la sátira y al sentido de lo “carnavalesco”.
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Este trabajo analiza la conexión entre el concepto bajtiniano de lo “carnavalesco” y las referencias musicales en La elección de los alcaldes de Daganzo y El juez de [...]
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Fuentes filosóficas para el estudio del aristotelismo en Chile colonial
A. Aravena Zamora

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2020). Vol. 8, (2), 8

Abstract
El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación exploratoria en diferentes archivos chilenos que buscó identificar y categorizar los manuscritos filosóficos de la época colonial que estudiaban la filosofía aristotélica (siglos XVI-XIX). Se presentan primero algunas notas sobre el devenir del aristotelismo para poner en manifiesto el desconocimiento del desarrollo de esta tradición en Chile colonial. Luego se presentan, organizadas en cuatro categorías, las obras, sus autores, ubicación y tabla de contenidos, con la finalidad de ofrecer material suficiente para orientar nuevas investigaciones en el área.
Abstract
El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación exploratoria en diferentes archivos chilenos que buscó identificar y categorizar los manuscritos filosóficos de [...]
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«Los tres maridos burlados» de Tirso de Molina y la estética de lo grotesco
N. Lamari

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2020). Vol. 8, (2), 7

Abstract
Cualquier conocedor de la trayectoria vital y literaria de Tirso de Molina se dará cuenta enseguida de su constante preocupación por la creación artística y la recepción de sus obras, es decir, por el resultado literario de su ingenio, cuyos ingredientes esenciales lo constituyen el humor, la difusión de los agentes cómicos, un lenguaje en base a juegos de ingenio, de neologismos y motivos carnavalescos, una predominante atmósfera lúdica, la exploración de la agudeza rústica, y por supuesto, la exquisita y brillante técnica de la burla cortesana. Los tres maridos burlados es una novela breve, puesta en boca de don Melchor, que se inserta dentro del cigarral quinto, junto con la representación de El celoso prudente, sin perder, no obstante, «la autonomía de su propia construcción narrativa». Esta novelita, con tono de farsa entremesil, se fundamenta, como ha señalado Nougué, en tradiciones y fuentes populares y folclóricas, que propagadas por juglares y viajeros, se difundieron en la mayoría de los países europeos y con especial relieve en Italia. Partiendo del estudio de Mijaíl Bajtín, La cultura popular en la Edad Media y Renacimiento, pretendo destacar algunos componentes propios de la estética grotesca, los cuales interactúan entre sí en la obra tirsiana.
Abstract
Cualquier conocedor de la trayectoria vital y literaria de Tirso de Molina se dará cuenta enseguida de su constante preocupación por la creación artística y la recepción [...]
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Subversión y censura en el entremés carnavalesco
M. Zamorano Heras

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2020). Vol. 8, (2), 6

Abstract
En este artículo se comentarán tres entremeses de revista de figuras: el anónimo El hospital de los podridos, que parece inaugurar el subgénero, seguido de El examinador miser Palomo, de Antonio Hurtado de Mendoza, que lo consolida, representado en 1617 en las fiestas de Lerma, y finamente El comisario de figuras, de Alonso de Castillo Solórzano, con el propósito de considerar: 1) si en ellos se pueden constatar procedimientos carnavalescos; 2) si es posible contextualizar el sentido de la mofa y de la burla, y 3) si esta orientación puede llamarse subversiva y responder a algún propósito ideológico.
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En este artículo se comentarán tres entremeses de revista de figuras: el anónimo El hospital de los podridos, que parece inaugurar el subgénero, seguido de El examinador [...]
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El agua y la inmortalidad poética en las églogas de Garcilaso de la Vega
E. Gansen

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2020). Vol. 8, (2), 5

Abstract
Este artículo explora el papel protagónico del agua en las tres églogas de Garcilaso de la Vega. Además de dar unidad narrativa a esta serie de poemas, en gran medida este elemento determina el destino de los pastores que habitan en su ribera. Mientras Salicio y Albanio mantienen relaciones conflictivas con el agua que les impiden liberarse de los confines del espacio pastoril y de su condición humana, Nemoroso consigue transcender los límites del mundo humano del locus amoenus para conseguir la inmortalidad poética.
Abstract
Este artículo explora el papel protagónico del agua en las tres églogas de Garcilaso de la Vega. Además de dar unidad narrativa a esta serie de poemas, en gran medida [...]
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Lenguaje de carnaval en el teatro breve del Siglo de Oro
C. Pérez-Salazar

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2020). Vol. 8, (2), 4

Abstract
En este trabajo se analizan las peculiaridades lingüísticas de una colección de mojigangas teatrales desde una perspectiva pragmalingüística. Considerando las similitudes entre el diálogo teatral y la conversación, el análisis se fundamenta en el Principio Cooperativo formulado por Paul Grice para los intercambios conversacionales. La transgresión característica del carnaval se explica, en el lenguaje de estas piezas, como el incumplimiento sistemático de las máximas de Calidad, Cantidad, Relación y Modo, que sirve a los autores para obtener como efecto la sorpresa y la risa del espectador.
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En este trabajo se analizan las peculiaridades lingüísticas de una colección de mojigangas teatrales desde una perspectiva pragmalingüística. Considerando las similitudes [...]
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Las cornucopias de Mariana de Habsburgo en la catedral de Santiago como una ofrenda al «matamoros» en conmemoración de la batalla de Kahlenberg (1683)
A. Pérez Varela

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2020). Vol. 8, (2), 3

Abstract
Las extraordinarias cornucopias que la reina Mariana de Austria donó a la catedral de Santiago en 1683 son unas de las piezas de platería más interesantes que se conservan en España. La historiografía se ha centrado en discutir qué pasajes iconográficos representan, pero teniendo en cuenta que las piezas, claramente, no fueron encargadas específicamente para Santiago, consideramos que es más importante explorar las razones de la ofrenda. El análisis del inventario de la reina demuestra que Mariana nunca tuvo piezas de platería tan extraordinarias como estas, y el hecho de deshacerse de ellas debe indicar una razón poderosa. También es importante el hecho de que la propia Mariana quisiese ofrecer el presente en solitario, como reina madre, sin su hijo Carlos II. Este regalo se encuadra dentro de una anclada tradición que echa a andar en los primeros años de vida de la primigenia fábrica jacobea, la de los regalos con los que la monarquía española fue agasajando a la Catedral, reforzando la constante filiación entre los reyes y la protección del patrón de España. Sin embargo, creemos que estos presentes esconden una intención que va más allá de la simple ofrenda monárquica al apóstol, y fueron entregados como decisión personal de la reina para agradecer la intervención divina de Santiago Matamoros a favor de las tropas austríacas contra el Imperio Otomano.
Abstract
Las extraordinarias cornucopias que la reina Mariana de Austria donó a la catedral de Santiago en 1683 son unas de las piezas de platería más interesantes que se conservan [...]
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Arte, ciencia y literatura sagrada en el Siglo de Oro: el reloj nocturno del Arzobispo Spínola
J. Rojas-Marcos González

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2020). Vol. 8, (2), 2

Abstract
En el Barroco europeo se produjo la perfecta integración entre arte, ciencia y literatura sagrada. En el presente artículo ilustramos este fenómeno con el análisis documental, formal, iconográfico y simbólico de un reloj nocturno del Siglo de Oro, tipología excepcional creada en Italia por deseo del papa Alejandro VII. Dicha pieza, de elaboración internacional, perteneció a Ambrosio Spínola, siendo arzobispo de Sevilla (1669-1684). Su mecanismo está firmado en Londres por el relojero Johannes Fromanteel y la pintura del dial, por el artista sevillano Lucas Valdés. La escena representada, recogida en las hagiografías postridentinas del Flos sanctorum, muestra un episodio de la vida del patrón del propietario del reloj: San Ambrosio absolviendo al emperador Teodosio. El estudio de este artefacto constata la presencia en España de un objeto científico de última tecnología y obra artística de primer orden, cuya pintura tiene su fuente literaria en una de las series biográficas de santos más editadas de la Edad Moderna.
Abstract
En el Barroco europeo se produjo la perfecta integración entre arte, ciencia y literatura sagrada. En el presente artículo ilustramos este fenómeno con el análisis documental, [...]
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News consumption and risk perception of Covid-19 in Spain
A. Mora-Rodríguez, I. Melero-López

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2021). Vol. 29, (1), 11

Abstract
Spain is one of the countries that has been most severely affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. In times of uncertainty and stress, the media plays an important role in disseminating information. This study establishes which factors affected risk perception regarding the Coronavirus, which factors determined trust in the measures taken by the Government, and how the presentation of information influenced the spread of fake news. To answer these questions an online survey was created and was completed by 2,034 people from different autonomous communities in Spain, using two multiple linear regression models, as well as different bivariate techniques for parametric statistical analysis. The data shows increased risk perception among the sectors with greater exposure to news about the Coronavirus. A second conclusion refers to the role played by an individual's pre-existing political biases, such as ideology, and their effects on the trust placed in the measures adopted by the Government. In addition, the analysis conducted shows that sectors that follow the news more closely are not immune to the spread of fake news. This research highlights the importance of communication in risk perception and the need to conduct further research in this field, in terms of the psychological, social, and economic implications of this phenomenon. References
Abstract
Spain is one of the countries that has been most severely affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. In times of uncertainty and stress, the media plays an important role in disseminating [...]
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The challenge of inclusive dialogic teaching in public secondary school
C. Rapanta, M. Garcia-Mila, A. Remesal, C. Gonçalves

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2021). Vol. 29, (1), 10

Abstract
The challenge of creating more inclusive public schools addressing the needs of the 21st century Knowledge Society is a major one. In this paper, we focus on inclusion as a dialogical process to be adopted and developed by teachers and students alike in any classroom. The idea of inclusive dialogic teaching is explained and operationalised in an inclusive dialogic curriculum focusing on cultural literacy learning dispositions. In this study, which is part of a multi-country European project, eight Spanish and Portuguese secondary school teachers and their students participated in eight sessions performing dialogic lesson plans. Teachers attended two professional development sessions, one at the beginning of the project and another one later on. Classroom discourse data from sessions #3 and #8 were collected and analyzed using a pre-constructed coding scheme. The findings show a slight improvement in dialogicity from session #3 to session #8 with a persisting resistance from teachers to be more cumulative in their discourse. These findings confirm previous work showing that dialogic teaching is acquired gradually, and even when there are changes in teachers’ stance being more inclusive and inviting towards students, these changes do not necessarily represent a radical shift in the teaching methods towards being more student-centered.
Abstract
The challenge of creating more inclusive public schools addressing the needs of the 21st century Knowledge Society is a major one. In this paper, we focus on inclusion as [...]
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Predicting wellbeing in children’s use of smart screen devices
F. Ortega-Mohedano, F. Pinto-Hernández

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2021). Vol. 29, (1), 9

Abstract
This study presents an explanatory Ordinary Linear Regression Model for predicting wellbeing in the use of smart screen devices among children and youngsters in Spain, using a database of microdata for a total of 23,860 national representative households and some 6,106 total cohabiting minors under 15 years of age. The World Health Organization actively recommends children and youngsters to spend less hours in front of smart screen devices and encourages substituting them with more active play and direct socialisation. The main purpose of our research is to study the impact of the use of these devices on mental and physical well-being, sleep pattern, and the potential explanatory effects. To address the analysis, we contrasted the modelisation model proposed with microdata provided in the 2017 version of the National Health Survey in Spain. We performed a series of ordinary least square regression models OLS, obtaining significant information on the effects and risks excessive use of smart screen devices may be inflicting on children and adolescents in Spain. As a main result, we contrasted with the data and the modelisation that those individuals who use these devices more intensively have higher risk of mental health problems, significantly reduced sleeping hours and have a higher chance of suffering physical health problems such as obesity
Abstract
This study presents an explanatory Ordinary Linear Regression Model for predicting wellbeing in the use of smart screen devices among children and youngsters in Spain, using [...]
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Media representation of minors who migrate on their own: The 'MENA' in the Spanish press
J. Gómez-Quintero, J. Aguerri, C. Gimeno-Monterde

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2021). Vol. 29, (1), 7

Abstract
This article analyses Spanish media treatment of a certain type of immigrant: the unaccompanied foreign minor ('MENA' in Spanish). The media play an important role in creating and disseminating ideas and images amongst the general public, thereby promoting the articulation of sets of meanings called discourses. The main goal of this research is to identify the discursive approaches that have been constructed around the term “MENA” in the main Spanish daily newspapers. To this end, we gathered and analysed all the news reports published between January 2017 and October 2019 by the digital editions of the four most widely-read newspapers in Spain (La Vanguardia, El País, El Mundo and ABC). This analysis was performed using text mining techniques (an important field in data science) such as term frequency, inverse document frequency, and correlation networks between words. Our results show that the term “MENA” evokes a criminalising, moralistic, welfare-dependent discourse that is articulated from an adult-centric, nationalist perspective. The study concluded that the conservative press uses the acronym more frequently than the left-wing media. However, no significant discursive differences were observed between conservative and progressive press in terms of the language used, which often had negative connotations that stigmatised the young people concerned.
Abstract
This article analyses Spanish media treatment of a certain type of immigrant: the unaccompanied foreign minor ('MENA' in Spanish). The media play an important role in creating [...]
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Presidential Twitter in the face of COVID-19: Between populism and pop politics
J. Manfredi-Sánchez, A. Amado-Suárez, S. Waisbord

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2021). Vol. 29, (1), 6

Abstract
This paper analyses the use of Twitter as a presidential communication channel during the first few months of the COVID-19 crisis. The aim is to determine how four recently elected presidents (those of Spain, Argentina, Mexico and Brazil) managed their political communication, and to explore the thesis that they resorted to populist messages during the first months of their terms in office. Using a qualitative methodology and the XL Node tool to capture data, a comparative analysis was performed on the messages posted on their personal Twitter accounts during the first 20 weeks of 2020, classified in six categories: polarization; conspiracy; exaltation and leadership; personalisation and privacy; emotions and feelings; and media publicity. The results indicate that the four presidents share populist traits, but to a different extent. López Obrador and Bolsonaro display a more populist profile, with emotional appeals to the people and to their saving action as regards the implementation of health policies. Conversely, Alberto Fernández and Pedro Sánchez are more akin to the pop politician profile, posting photographs and media messages with a view to receiving press coverage. Both post tweets, based on values and historical events, aimed at their grassroots supporters. The main conclusion is that the pandemic has enhanced the presidential and personalist profiles of the four leaders, although their actions during the COVID-19 crisis were not necessarily in keeping with the populist paradigm. Thus, Sánchez and Bolsonaro implemented a health management communication strategy, while López Obrador and Fernández paid scant attention to health policy.
Abstract
This paper analyses the use of Twitter as a presidential communication channel during the first few months of the COVID-19 crisis. The aim is to determine how four recently [...]
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ICT and knowledge management in Teaching and Engineering Students
E. Ferrero-de-Lucas, I. Cantón-Mayo, M. Menéndez-Fernández, A. Escapa-González, A. Bernardo-Sánchez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2021). Vol. 29, (1), 5

Abstract
The integration of Knowledge Management (KM) in various fields, including academia and business, has been fostered by the promotion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). The aim of this study was, on the one hand, to understand the key processes of KM in students of the Faculty of Education and the School of Engineering in a Spanish university, and, on the other hand, to evaluate the extent to which ICTs serve as support to these processes. To this end, the designed and validated MAINGC questionnaire was administered to 200 students who entered university in the 2018-2019 academic year. Fourteen ICT tools and four dimensions of KM were analyzed: information management, transformation of information into knowledge, management of the resulting learning, and ICT tools for KM support. The results showed differentiated patterns of technology use and perceptions of KM according to sex, age and degree. Indeed, education degree students reported higher perceptions of competence in KM processes compared to engineering students. Participants’ responses regarding ICT tools suggested that the use of these tools has not yet been fully integrated into KM processes and revealed that both groups of students showed different patterns of use within the academic environment.
Abstract
The integration of Knowledge Management (KM) in various fields, including academia and business, has been fostered by the promotion of Information and Communication Technologies [...]
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Aggressiveness, instability and social-emotional education in an inclusive environment
A. Tur-Porcar, V. Mestre-Escrivá, A. Llorca-Mestre

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2021). Vol. 29, (1), 4

Abstract
In the context of inclusive schools, social-emotional learning encourages student involvement in classroom life and is related to a decrease in maladaptive behaviour. The objective of this study is to analyse the impact of a social-emotional education program on aggressiveness and emotional instability in childhood. Participants were 555 children aged 7 to 12 years (M=9.2 and SD=1.5), 55.5% boys and 45.5% girls. The children were students of primary education at six public schools in Valencia (Spain). The sample was distributed into an experimental group (317 children; 57.2% of the total participating population) and a control group (238 children). The teachers of the experimental group received training to implement the program in class. The teachers of the control group received no training and did not apply the program. The results in the pre-test and posttest phases in both groups are analysed. In the pretest phase, significant differences appeared between the groups: the experimental group showed higher levels of aggressiveness and emotional instability than the control group. In the post-test phase, aggressiveness and emotional instability decreased significantly in the experimental group (medium-high effect size), whilst aggressiveness and emotional instability increased in the control group. The effects of the program on the students are discussed further.
Abstract
In the context of inclusive schools, social-emotional learning encourages student involvement in classroom life and is related to a decrease in maladaptive behaviour. The [...]
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Proyectos STEAM con formato KIKS para el desarrollo de competencias clave
J. Diego-Mantecón, T. F. Blanco, Z. Ortiz-Laso, Z. Lavicza

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2021). Vol. 29, (1), 3

Abstract
Secondary education curricula highlight competence-based learning; however, meaningful school-intervention habits have not yet been observed. The initiatives implemented have focused primarily on promoting the combined development of no more than three key competences. This article presents an international study, under the Erasmus+ and H2020 programmes, for analysing the impact of the STEAM project-based learning approach with KIKS format (Kids Inspire Kids for STEAM) on the interwoven development of key competences. The sample included 267 high school students divided into 53 teams from 29 educational centres in Finland, England, Hungary, and Spain. Each team carried out several projects, for no less than two academic years, by means of the following two approaches: STEAM project-based learning and KIKS format. Data from this qualitative study were collected from observations and interviews with students, teachers, and KIKS trainers. Analyses revealed that the combination of these two approaches facilitated the development of all eight key competences. The project-based learning focus essentially fostered the enhancement of the mathematical competence and competence in science, technology, and engineering, while KIKS format promoted literacy and multilingual competences. The remaining competences were encouraged by the combination of both approaches. It is noteworthy that prolonged participation in the programme, as it was implemented, was crucial to achieving the obtained outcomes.
Abstract
Secondary education curricula highlight competence-based learning; however, meaningful school-intervention habits have not yet been observed. The initiatives implemented have [...]
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Educational practices to transform and connect schools and communities
O. Erstad, R. Miño, P. Rivera-Vargas

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2021). Vol. 29, (1), 2

Abstract
The current social and educational challenges force us to rethink the role of educational institutions and digital technologies in the 21st century, which requires a deeper understanding of learning activities in schools. In this article we analyze bottom-up initiatives for educational transformation implemented in public lower secondary schools from Norway, Chile and Spain that involved 230 students and 14 teachers. Three ethnographic case studies were carried out, using individual interviews, focus groups, participant observations and document analysis in six schools. The main goal was to deeply understand how bottom-up school initiatives, with a comprehensive use of digital technologies, are contributing to generate connected practices and to involve teachers, learners and communities in the discussion about what kind of society they want in their future. The results of the analysis indicate that fostering a transformative agency in secondary schools has the potential of engaging students in the exploration of contemporary social issues and that digital connectedness can contribute to connect schools with youth life trajectories and communities. This study on transformative agency and digital connectedness reveals a new path for educational transformation that may interest everybody who, in one way or another, are involved in education systems all around the world.
Abstract
The current social and educational challenges force us to rethink the role of educational institutions and digital technologies in the 21st century, which requires a deeper [...]
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WhatsApp for the development of oral and written communication skills in Peruvian adolescents
F. Escobar-Mamani, I. Gómez-Arteta

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (2), 50

Abstract
In Puno, a region of Peru, the development of oral and written communication skills in basic education students displays weaknesses which could be overcome with the application of technological tools. The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of WhatsApp as a mobile learning resource in the development of oral and written communication skills of secondary level students at the ‘José Carlos Mariátegui’ educational institution (Puno-Peru). The population was comprised of 343 students and a non-probabilistic, convenience sampling was applied to include two fourth-level sections of 36 and 34 students, respectively. The first was the experimental group and the second, the control group. The selection was made considering that fourth-level students are the most appropriate age to use WhatsApp in order to assess the evolution of their skills through rubrics, in a participatory way. Statistical analysis was based on the difference in means with a Z distribution, with a 95% confidence level. The results show that WhatsApp develops significant oral and written communication skills, as those skills rose by 3.5 points on average, on a twenty-point scale, after the experiment. Thus, WhatsApp is a mobile learning technology resource available to develop skills and strengthen knowledge in students.
Abstract
In Puno, a region of Peru, the development of oral and written communication skills in basic education students displays weaknesses which could be overcome with the application [...]
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Mobile learning for homework: Emerging cultural practices in the new media ecology
K. Rummler, C. Grabensteiner, C. Schneider-Stingelin

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (2), 49

Abstract
This contribution discusses emerging cultural practices of media activities with the example of homework as an out-of-school learning context. Data was collected using diaries on the use of media during out-of-school learning activities. Central theoretical frameworks include the German theory of Medienbildung as an actor’s threefold relation towards the material/factual world, the other/s and society, and her-/himself and the socio-cultural ecology of mobile learning as a triangular relationship between agency, cultural practices and structures. Following a grounded theory approach, data analysis was conducted in an inductive manner, drawing on contemporary methods of computer enhanced qualitative analysis. This article focuses on verbal expressions within the diary entries, implicating cultural practices in everyday media activities and their impact on media use in a domestic learning context, such as homework. Two central aspects are highlighted from the results, exemplifying the category and theory generation. First, “checking”, as one of the reappearing in-vivo codes, will be examined more closely regarding its embedding in media practice and homework. It will be characterised as a daily recurring receptive and productive media practice. Second, apps and services, as well as media hardware used at school, are mirrored in the way students actually use media during homework, mingling with everyday media practices.
Abstract
This contribution discusses emerging cultural practices of media activities with the example of homework as an out-of-school learning context. Data was collected using diaries [...]
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Video game usage time in adolescents’ academic performance
F. Gómez-Gonzalvo, J. Devís-Devís, P. Molina-Alventosa

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (2), 48

Abstract
Video game usage among young people has generated great concern due to its possible negative effects on their health, socialization and academic performance. Regarding this last aspect, there are studies that point out that video games have negative consequences for academic performance while others emphasize their positive effects. Therefore, the present study deals with the relationship between the video game usage time and the academic performance in adolescent schoolchildren from the Valencian Autonomous Community. An ad hoc questionnaire was used and validated through expert judgment (0.8 validity and reliability) to develop this cross-sectional and ex post facto study. A stratified and proportional representative sample was designed for the ESO student population of this autonomous community and 1,502 questionnaires were collected. Adolescents spend an average of 47.23 minutes a day playing video games, with less time spent during the week than at the weekend. Those who devote more time to videogames during the week fail more subjects and those who spend more time on weekends get better school grades. In addition, frequent, moderate and many of the occasional players obtain good academic results, while the opposite happens to the intensive players. As many of the occasional players achieve good academic performance, a moderate time devoted to video games seems not to affect academic performance.
Abstract
Video game usage among young people has generated great concern due to its possible negative effects on their health, socialization and academic performance. Regarding this [...]
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Perceived sexualization in girls' fashion stylings: A Spain-China cross-cultural analysis
M. Díaz-Bustamante-Ventisca, C. Llovet-Rodríguez, M. Narros-González

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (2), 47

Abstract
Many institutions, social and political groups are warning of the risks associated with the early sexualization of childhood. These agents appeal to the responsibility of the media to avoid creating content that may lead to childhood sexualization and that is easily accessible to all audiences. Responding to this demand and through a cross-cultural Spain-China approach, this work focuses on the analysis of the perception of girls’ sexualization in the fashion stylings disseminated by the media. A survey of 750 Communication and Advertising university students in Spain (N=449) and in China (N=301) was carried out. Five latent sexualization factors identified confirm that perceived sexualization in girls’ fashion styling is a multi-dimensional phenomenon that occurs from the combined use of multiple sexualizing attributes. The country of origin (Spain or China) has been associated with the perception of sexualization and the identified latent sexualizing factors. Finally, an explanatory and highly effective predictive model has been obtained for this type of childhood sexualization in terms of the factors and country of origin. Conclusions suggest that it is necessary to reinforce the training of communication professionals and minors to avoid creating images of sexualized girls through certain styling codes.
Abstract
Many institutions, social and political groups are warning of the risks associated with the early sexualization of childhood. These agents appeal to the responsibility of [...]
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Online parental mediation strategies in family contexts of Spain
G. Martínez, M. Casado, C. Garitaonandia

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (2), 46

Abstract
This article explores online parental mediation strategies in Spain and their association with sociodemographic and family context factors. The results of a survey conducted at the end of 2018 are presented herein, based on a sample of 2,900 Spanish minors between 9 and 17 years of age who use Internet. The impact of the diverse parental mediation strategies applied to Internet use has been calculated by taking into account the sociodemographic factors of the participating minors (age and gender). Association analysis was performed using the SPSS statistical analysis programme. In this case, an extra analysis was carried out with regard to the relationship of influence between different strategies and the rules of behaviour and family support in the household context as perceived by the minor. Findings suggest that enabling and restrictive mediation strategies are very common in Spanish families, while technical mediation strategies have a very limited presence. It is noteworthy that restrictions and security strategies generally apply more to girls than to boys. Household rules related to the behaviour of minors have a positive correlation with an increase of influence of nearly all strategies. However, there is no relevant association between family support perceived by children and restrictive strategies and techniques applied by parents.
Abstract
This article explores online parental mediation strategies in Spain and their association with sociodemographic and family context factors. The results of a survey conducted [...]
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The role of supporting technologies in a mixed methods research design
F. Dagnino, Y. Dimitriadis, F. Pozzi, B. Rubia-Avi, J. Asensio-Pérez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (2), 45

Abstract
Nowadays, technologies play a key role in educational research processes, especially in the context of complex designs or integrative perspectives (qualitative and quantitative). Affordances provided by new tools and technological devices are constantly impacting the way educational research is carried out. Consequently, this growing importance (and dependence on) technology for educational research calls for a deeper reflection, not only about its clear benefits, but also about its potential drawbacks and limitations. This paper explores this tension in a specific mixed-methods research design aimed at understanding the barriers preventing the adoption of Learning Design (LD) tools/methods, a significant problem in the research field of Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL). Different actors (teachers and researchers) were involved in the research design, which included a systematic literature review, a Delphi study and a case study. Such an articulated design required the adoption of technologies to support the process in all its phases. The paper describes the main methodological implications of the employed technologies in the research. The conclusions of the paper highlight that while technologies definitely support a higher level of complexity and articulation of the research design, they might also lead to superficial or biased results.
Abstract
Nowadays, technologies play a key role in educational research processes, especially in the context of complex designs or integrative perspectives (qualitative and quantitative). [...]
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Education, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence: Mixed methods in digital platforms
B. Bonami, L. Piazentini, A. Dala-Possa

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (2), 44

Abstract
Digital technology has provided users with new connections that have reset our understanding of social architectures. As a reaction to Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data, the educational field has rearranged its structure to consider human and non-human stakeholders and their actions on digital platforms. In light of this increasingly complex scenario, this proposal aims to present definitions and discussions about AI and Big Data from the academic field or published by international organizations. The study of AI and Big Data goes beyond the search for mere computational power and instead focuses upon less difficult (yet perhaps more complex) areas of the study social impacts in Education. This research suggests an analysis of education through 21st century skills and the impact of AI development in the age of platforms, undergoing three methodological considerations: research, application and evaluation. To accomplish the research, we relied upon systematic reviews, bibliographic research and quality analyses conducted within case studies to compose a position paper that sheds light on how AI and Big Data work and on what level they can be applied in the field of education. Our goal is to offer a triangular analysis under a multimodal approach to better understand the interface between education and new technological prospects, taking into consideration qualitative and quantitative procedures.
Abstract
Digital technology has provided users with new connections that have reset our understanding of social architectures. As a reaction to Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big [...]
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Construction of personalized learning pathways through mixed methods
J. Salinas-Ibáñez, B. De-Benito

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (2), 43

Abstract
This paper deals with the implementation of personal learning pathways in a technology-enriched environment to enhance learning experiences in initial teacher training. The study uses mixed-methods within a design-based research approach. In a first phase of the approach, the characteristics that personalised learning pathways should meet were identified. In the next stage, the learning sequences’ structure for the pathways was designed, considering context, teaching-learning approach, tasks and assessment. The main result is an interchangeable learning sequence structure prototype that enables the configuration of personalised learning pathways by the students themselves, and the exchange and co-design of learning pathways between different teachers. The students select the sequences from a catalogue, organising their own learning pathways from the combination of different types of sequences offered. This strategy promotes students’ autonomy and self-direction in the learning process, as well as their development of personal information management and collaborative work skills. The conclusion is that the proposed personalized pathways present an adequate balance between the structure, result of the learning design and / or co-design, and the necessary autonomy for the self-direction of their own learning process, whether in individual learning or in the collaborative construction of knowledge.
Abstract
This paper deals with the implementation of personal learning pathways in a technology-enriched environment to enhance learning experiences in initial teacher training. The [...]
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The impact of science communication on Twitter: The case of Neil deGrasse Tyson
E. Denia

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (2), 42

Abstract
This paper deals with the implementation of personal learning pathways in a technology-enriched environment to enhance learning experiences in initial teacher training. The study uses mixed-methods within a design-based research approach. In a first phase of the approach, the characteristics that personalised learning pathways should meet were identified. In the next stage, the learning sequences’ structure for the pathways was designed, considering context, teaching-learning approach, tasks and assessment. The main result is an interchangeable learning sequence structure prototype that enables the configuration of personalised learning pathways by the students themselves, and the exchange and co-design of learning pathways between different teachers. The students select the sequences from a catalogue, organising their own learning pathways from the combination of different types of sequences offered. This strategy promotes students’ autonomy and self-direction in the learning process, as well as their development of personal information management and collaborative work skills. The conclusion is that the proposed personalized pathways present an adequate balance between the structure, result of the learning design and / or co-design, and the necessary autonomy for the self-direction of their own learning process, whether in individual learning or in the collaborative construction of knowledge.
Abstract
This paper deals with the implementation of personal learning pathways in a technology-enriched environment to enhance learning experiences in initial teacher training. The [...]
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Systematic review of mixed methods in the framework of educational innovation
M. Ramírez-Montoya, J. Lugo-Ocando

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (2), 41

Abstract
In the field of education research, mixed methods have traditionally referred to the combination of quantitative and qualitative data that brings us closer to ‘reality’. However, recent literature on social and educational studies has increasingly incorporated works that integrate digital technologies and mixed methods. This novelty provides an opportunity to re-examine original contributions in the field, particularly in relation to educational innovation. Therefore, the objective of this article is to analyze the characteristics and the trends of new contributions from researchers in education. To achieve this, we carried out a systematic literature review (SLR) of 311 articles published from January 2010 to January 2020 in the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. We worked with nine questions that explored three key themes: characteristics, technologies and designs within the realm of educational innovation. The validation for this analysis was achieved using a criterion adopted by scholars at York University, which incorporates: inclusion and exclusion, relevance and description of data, as well as peer review in the analysis. Our findings indicate that networks of co-terms, identification of educational innovations and the types of designs -currently applied in educational innovation- as well as the adoption of a mixed-method approach seem to be much better suited to underpin the required combination of strategies and processes that are interwoven in order to address the complexity of the education phenomenon in our times.
Abstract
In the field of education research, mixed methods have traditionally referred to the combination of quantitative and qualitative data that brings us closer to ‘reality’. [...]
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InContext: A mobile application for the improvement of learning strategies at University
C. Lerma-Noriega, M. Flores-Palacios, G. Rebolledo-Méndez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (2), 40

Abstract
InContext is a custom-designed mobile application for writing assignments intended for university students in journalism and research methodology courses. In these disciplines, it has been observed that there is a need for an educational and technological tool to guide the writing of text using preloaded templates in which students can input text and multimedia material to create articles or write research reports. Besides its ease of use, the app was intended to improve metacognitive thinking. This led to the establishment of six working hypotheses in an exploratory study. For the study, a random sample of students enrolled in the aforementioned courses was selected during the August-December 2019 semester at a private university in Mexico. They took a pre-test using the “Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire” (MSLQ) that had been translated into Spanish and already validated in Mexico. Subsequently, the students used the application and then answered the same questionnaire as a post-test. The study aimed to compare the results of the tests to see whether there was an improvement in cognitive skills. The results showed an increase in four skills: critical thinking, data search, cognitive self-regulation, and regulation of effort. The research results did indicate metacognitive development that would benefit the academic and professional work of future graduates.
Abstract
InContext is a custom-designed mobile application for writing assignments intended for university students in journalism and research methodology courses. In these disciplines, [...]
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Sharenting: Internet addiction, self-control and online photos of underage children
F. Hinojo-Lucena, I. Aznar-Díaz, M. Cáceres-Reche, J. Trujillo-Torres, J. Romero-Rodríguez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (2), 39

Abstract
Sharenting is becoming a regular practice that compromises children’s safety and privacy. This phenomenon is related to the act of sharing images of underage children on the Internet by their relatives. At the same time, a concern arises about the levels of Internet addiction in the population. In turn, levels of Internet addiction are a current problem in modern societies that has been linked to low self-control. This paper aims to analyse the degree to which images are published and the reasons why the adult segment of the population practices sharenting, to determine the socio-demographic factors that have an impact on sharenting, Internet addiction and self-control, and to establish the correlations between these three variables. A total of 367 Spanish adults aged between 18 and 61 (M=28.98; SD=10.47) completed an online survey. Both the multiple regression analysis and the structural equation modelling revealed that: 1) Age emerges as a predictor of Internet addiction; 2) Age, gender and employment status are predictors of low self-control; 3) No socio-demographic factors were found to be predictors of sharenting; 4) The only significant correlation was observed between Internet addiction and self-control. Finally, practical implications of this paper on the protection of minors and adults’ need for information on Internet security are discussed.
Abstract
Sharenting is becoming a regular practice that compromises children’s safety and privacy. This phenomenon is related to the act of sharing images of underage children on [...]
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eHealth literacy of late adolescents: Credibility and quality of health information through smartphones in India
V. Masilamani, A. Sriram, A. Rozario

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (2), 38

Abstract
The introduction of smartphones has revolutionized how late adolescents (aged 18-21 years) access and use the internet. Vast troves of health information are today just a tap or swipe away, with smartphones and internet connectivity becoming increasingly accessible. The need for eHealth literacy among late adolescents is now gaining importance as it ensures an effective use of health information. This study conducted a survey among 427 late adolescents in order to evaluate their eHealth literacy levels; their perceptions of the quality of online health information; their level of trust and credibility in online health and checked if acquiring health information through the online medium led to a change in their behavior intention. The results showed that most of the late adolescents preferred viewing multiple websites for their health information needs. Health information in the form of text and images were preferred over video content; and most preferred accessing online health information in their native language. Cancer and obesity are the common health issues of interest to both genders. Mobile applications (apps) were the least preferred mode of accessing heath information despite the high usage of smartphones. eHealth literacy and credibility positively predicted behavior intention while quality of health information did not predict behavior intention.
Abstract
The introduction of smartphones has revolutionized how late adolescents (aged 18-21 years) access and use the internet. Vast troves of health information are today just a [...]
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New genius-entrepreneurs: Itinerary and trajectories of university educational excellence
C. Möller-Recondo, J. D´Amato

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (2), 37

Abstract
The purpose of the present work is to rethink, in the university context, the concept of genius, related to the high intellectual abilities associated with intelligence; also, to connect the idea of entrepreneurial competences, such as leadership or social commitment. The hypothesis is that a university genius is defined by his high creative abilities and, in particular, entrepreneurial ones. From the methodological point of view, the recommendations of the National Association for Gifted Children were followed, and evidence collection was based on such practices, using the results obtained by two studies: the first one with professors and postgraduate students (from Argentina and Spain, from hard and soft sciences) who responded to a conceptual questionnaire, previously validated, in order to delineate common minimum denominators of geniuses. The other one comes from analyzing the results of an acceleration program of entrepreneurial competence with undergraduate students. Combining both data resulted in the need to think in an educational proposal (itinerary) with trajectories of excellence. One during the Degree level, with pilot training activities (in entrepreneurial competence), experimenting on a small scale; and the other in the Postgraduate level, encouraging them to be architects of their “routes”, allowing them to self-employ and to become agents of socio-community change.
Abstract
The purpose of the present work is to rethink, in the university context, the concept of genius, related to the high intellectual abilities associated with intelligence; also, [...]
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Bullying and cyberbullying: Variables that influence university dropout
A. Bernardo, E. Tuero, A. Cervero, A. Dobarro, C. Galve-González

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (2), 36

Abstract
The increase in dropout rates in higher education is a phenomenon that has generated a lot of interest because of the need to deal with its economic, personal, and social consequences, and because of its prevalence, estimated around 30% in Spain. There is a similar interest in violent behavior in university classrooms, which has also been seen to have increased in recent years. Given that, and the fact that research has shown personal variables to be more influential in dropout from higher education, the aim of this study is to explore whether those students who are the victims of bullying (both traditional and cyberbullying) are closer to dropping out from their degree courses. To that end, 1,653 first-year students doing various degree courses in the north of Spain were asked to complete a questionnaire. The results of a Bayesian analysis showed that students who were victims of bullying were more likely to consider dropping out than students who were not victims of bullying. In addition, variables related to social integration (support from friends and teachers) exhibited a moderating effect. These findings raise the urgent need to include intervention strategies in relation to bullying in university plans to prevent dropout.
Abstract
The increase in dropout rates in higher education is a phenomenon that has generated a lot of interest because of the need to deal with its economic, personal, and social [...]
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Teachers’ mediation practice: Opportunities and risks for youth media behavior
P. Berger

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (2), 35

Abstract
Research with children and adolescents shows that teachers are one of the agents from whom they receive mediation of their media use. However, little is known about teachers’ mediation practice. This study aims to approximate teachers’ practice with the concept of mediation by, firstly, systematizing a set of curricular media-related competences into the goals of maximizing opportunities and minimizing risks in youngsters’ media behavior. Then, teachers’ professional and personal characteristics are tested for associations with the mediation of risks and opportunities of students’ media use. Data collected in a survey with 315 teachers in Germany were analyzed. Results of regression analysis show that most factors predicted both opportunities and risks in a similar way. Teachers are more engaged in maximizing opportunities and minimizing risks when they use information and communication technologies (ICT) more frequently, consider the respective competences important, engage in collaboration with colleagues, do not teach STEM subjects, and do not work in a Gymnasium. Having received ICT-related training was a significant predictor only of mediation of opportunities, while age was a significant predictor only of mediation of risks. Implications of the findings and how the concept of mediation can contribute to the development of teachers as media educators are discussed.
Abstract
Research with children and adolescents shows that teachers are one of the agents from whom they receive mediation of their media use. However, little is known about teachers’ [...]
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School performance: New multimedia resources versus traditional notes
D. Halpern, M. Piña, C. Ortega-Gunckel

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (2), 34

Abstract
With the increasing adoption of information and communication technologies among youngsters, it has become common for high school students to incorporate the use of multiple devices and digital platforms in their study habits. Although these digital resources support and motivate them to learn, these are also a source of continuous distraction. This research analyzes the impact of studying with handwritten notes, WhatsApp, YouTube and searching the Internet in academic performance, through a mixed method that combines 31 focus groups and a survey of 7,217 students from 12 to 18 years of age in Chile. The results of the focus groups show that the positive impact of technologies in learning would depend on the students’ motivation for learning, their ability to efficiently control and manage the available digital resources, and their capacity to search and evaluate information on the Internet. The survey concludes that those who study with their notes more frequently have better academic performance, whereas those who frequently study with YouTube and WhatsApp have a lower GPA, with no significant differences when it comes to internet browsing. These results reinforce the need raised by scholars to generate policies that promote digital literacy both inside and outside the school.
Abstract
With the increasing adoption of information and communication technologies among youngsters, it has become common for high school students to incorporate the use of multiple [...]
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Maladaptive use of ICT in adolescence: Profiles, supervision and technological stress
A. Díaz-López, J. Maquilón-Sánchez, A. Mirete-Ruiz

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (2), 33

Abstract
ICT use during adolescence is now commonplace. Its power of attraction and the vulnerable condition of adolescents are giving rise to growing concern, aggravated by the imminent consequences of such synergy. In order to deepen understanding of this relationship, the following research objectives were formulated: a) Analyze the frequency of ICT use; b) Examine family supervision; c) Identify stress associated with the use of ICTs; d) Establish profiles of ICT use. The sample consisted of 1,101 adolescents of 10 educational centers in Southeastern Spain. A descriptive analysis was performed and contingency tables, Chi Square, Cramer V, hierarchical cluster analysis and one-factor ANOVA were used. The results show that more than 60% of adolescents use ICTs without supervision and that 1 out of 3 feel stressed in the absence of the Internet. In addition, statistically significant relationships were found between the frequency of ICT use and stress, as well as with family supervision. A solution of three groups or profiles of use was obtained. 45% of the subjects display maladaptive use or signs of it. The study concludes by stressing that the relationship between adolescents and ICTs is far from ideal and warns of the urgent need to train adolescents and parents in the responsible use of ICTs.
Abstract
ICT use during adolescence is now commonplace. Its power of attraction and the vulnerable condition of adolescents are giving rise to growing concern, aggravated by the imminent [...]
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Childhood use of mobile devices: Influence of mothers’ socio-educational level
M. Jiménez-Morales, M. Montaña, P. Medina-Bravo

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (2), 32

Abstract
The presence and variety of mobile devices in Spanish homes, regardless of the social and economic con-text, has been widespread for years. Several studies focus on parental mediation in children's consumption of smart devices, however, there is a lack of scientific evidence about how the educational level and the professional profile of parents affect children’s digital media consumption. This study analyzes the influence of the socio-educational level of families on the consumption of digital screens. The study deepens the understanding on the educational level of parents, as well as their professional category. A quantitative methodology was applied on a sample of 792 primary school children, between 5 and 9 years of age, in three Spanish cities. The consumption of television, smartphones, tablets, computers and videogames was analyzed. Results indicate that, the lower the level of education and professional category of the mother, the greater the consumption of content through smart devices by children. The study demonstrates, there-fore, the importance of considering the educational and professional levels of mothers and fathers for a better understanding of the consumption of digital screens and, at the same time, as an opportunity for designing family strategies that encourage critical thinking and digital media education.
Abstract
The presence and variety of mobile devices in Spanish homes, regardless of the social and economic con-text, has been widespread for years. Several studies focus on parental [...]
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Sexting in adolescents: Prevalence and behaviours
M. Ojeda, R. del-Rey, M. Walrave, H. Vandebosch

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (2), 31

Abstract
Sexting is among the practices used by young people to explore their sexuality. Although an educational response to all facets of this phenomenon is recommended, little research has been published to date in Spain that analyses its prevalence by differentiating between the different types of sexting behaviours: sending, receiving, third-party forwarding, and receiving via an intermediary. This gap in the research is addressed by exploring: 1) Sexting prevalence, differentiating between behaviours; 2) Relationships between sexting behaviours and gender, age, sexual orientation, having a romantic/sexual partner, social networking sites used, and the degree of normalisation and willingness to sext; 3) Gender-based differences. In total, 3,314 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years participated in the study. The most frequent sexting behaviours were identified as receiving and receiving via an intermediary, followed by third-party forwarding and the sending of sexual content. The relative importance of each analysed variable depended on the specific sexting behaviour and the participants’ gender. The results highlight the need to disentangle the diversity behind sexting behaviours and to address each one in an educational setting. This more detailed look at the different behaviours can be used as the basis for raising awareness and decision-making in education.
Abstract
Sexting is among the practices used by young people to explore their sexuality. Although an educational response to all facets of this phenomenon is recommended, little research [...]
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Problematic Internet uses and depression in adolescents: A meta-analysis
R. Lozano-Blasco, A. Cortés-Pascual

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (1), 30

Abstract
Widespread use of the Internet in 21st century society is not risk-free. This paper studies the comorbidity of some problematic uses of Internet with depression in order to assess their correlation. With that aim, a meta-analysis of 19 samples obtained from 13 different studies (n=33,458) was carried out. The subjects of these studies are adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 years (µ=15.68) from different cultures and continents (Europe, Euro-Asia, America and Asia). The effect size obtained from the use of a random-effects model (r=0.3, p"0.000) is significant, moderate and positive, thus confirming the relation between pathologic uses of the Internet and depression. Moreover, meta-regression test results showed that 9% of the variance (R2=0.09) is associated with the male gender, while age and culture are not significant variables. The variability rate of the studies is high (I2=87.085%), as a consequence of heterogeneity rather than publication bias, as Egger’s regression test shows (1-tailed p-value=0.25; 2-tailed p-value=0.50, and ?=1.57). Therefore, the need for specific interventions in secondary education dealing with this issue is evident to ensure that it does not extend into adult life.
Abstract
Widespread use of the Internet in 21st century society is not risk-free. This paper studies the comorbidity of some problematic uses of Internet with depression in order to [...]
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Domesticated voices and false participation: Anatomy of interaction on transmedia podcasting
D. García-Marín, R. Aparici

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (1), 29

Abstract
Transmedia podcasting (transpodcast) is an example of a digital medium essentially promoted by a community of independent creators that arises from the technological advancement derived from the arrival of Web 2.0. This medium is considered to offer its users greater possibilities of participation and co-creation by abandoning the traditional communicative models based on unidirectionality. The objective of this work is to determine how audience engagement takes place in this medium, taking into consideration the analysis of its participation spaces. In order to reach this goal, a Mixed Method Research Design was used, integrating two case studies with a total sample of 2,490 units of participation generated by users on the iVoox platform, the blogs of the two selected projects, and messages on Twitter. The research was complemented with an ethnographic investigation through observational methods on the presence of the user’s voice in the podcasts of a total of 19 transpodcast projects. Despite the fact that numerous and relevant voices have defended that the new media ecosystem causes the decentralization and democratization of the agenda-setting and empowers ordinary citizens, this study shows a less optimistic and more critical perspective about the possibilities of meaningful citizen participation in online discourse.
Abstract
Transmedia podcasting (transpodcast) is an example of a digital medium essentially promoted by a community of independent creators that arises from the technological advancement [...]
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To-friend or not-to-friend with teachers on SNSs: University students' perspectives
Z. Turan, L. Durdu, Y. Goktas

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (1), 28

Abstract
A large majority of university students use social networking sites (SNS) actively. Nevertheless, there are very limited studies examining students’ perceptions about student-teacher relationships in SNSs comprehensively. The purpose of this research was to investigate university students’ perceptions about interacting with their teachers in SNSs, and to this end an exploratory mixed-methods design was utilised. Qualitative data were collected from 21 students via interviews, and quantitative data from 1,324 students in 19 universities in Turkey via a questionnaire. Content analysis, descriptive analysis and principal component analysis methods were used to analyse the data. The content analysis contributed to the formulation of the questionnaire items. The principal component analysis yielded the following four dimensions: perceived utility, perceived barriers, perceived favourable teacher behaviours, and perceived unfavourable teacher behaviours. The most prominent finding is that the students were mostly opposed to their teachers’ sharing their political and religious views; however, they were in favour of teachers sharing information about their personal life. Despite some students displaying some hesitation, especially concerning the level of respect between them, the majority of students had a positive outlook towards teacher-student friendships. The students indicated that being friends on SNSs would increase their motivation towards the course.
Abstract
A large majority of university students use social networking sites (SNS) actively. Nevertheless, there are very limited studies examining students’ perceptions about student-teacher [...]
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Influence of family and pedagogical communication on school violence
M. Garcés-Prettel, Y. Santoya-Montes, J. Jiménez-Osorio

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (1), 27

Abstract
School violence alludes to peer bullying and aggression in school. The field of communication has studied school violence by analyzing the influence of media and interpersonal relationships on aggressive behaviors. This article provides a perspective on school violence and concentrates on determining the influence of interpersonal communication with parents and teachers on adolescent aggressors and victims in school contexts. A non-experimental correlational-transverse design was used with a sample of 1,082 adolescents (M=15,61; DT=0,90). Three reliable scales were implemented to assess adolescent aggression and parental and pedagogical communication. Findings indicate that aggressions among adolescents at school and the interpersonal communication with parents and teachers present differences associated with gender (p=0,00). At the family level, it was found that offensive communication among parents and children (?=0,225; p=0,00) predicts an increment on school victimization. At the pedagogical level, it revealed that teacher communication intended to discipline students (?=?0,297; p=0,00) and make them see the importance of school and learning (?=?0,120; p=0,04) predicts a decrease in aggressive behavior among adolescents and school victimization. These new findings in education evidence the need to strengthen students’ interpersonal communication with their parents and teachers to obtain better results when implementing strategies to intervene and prevent school violence.
Abstract
School violence alludes to peer bullying and aggression in school. The field of communication has studied school violence by analyzing the influence of media and interpersonal [...]
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SEO and the digital news media: From the workplace to the classroom
C. Lopezosa, L. Codina, J. Díaz-Noci, J. Ontalba

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (1), 26

Abstract
The constant struggle to attract new readers has led the digital news media to adopt search engine positioning strategies within their newsrooms. Given that readers are increasingly opting to consume their news via search engines, such as Google or Bing, this study explores perceptions and applications of search engine optimization (SEO) in the online news media and identifies the future training needs of journalists in this sector. To do so, 33 semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals representative of three professional profiles: professional journalists, SEO consultants, and academics. Based on the data collected, we created five semantic categories – with 25 subcategories – and we correlated the perceptions of the SEO experts employed by the news media with those of the academics. The results highlight varying degrees of convergence and divergence in perceptions across these three professional profiles. Similarly, the results confirm the sector’s pressing need to attract readers by implementing search engine positioning techniques and, hence, its need to ensure future journalists are well trained in technical SEO, on-page SEO, off-page SEO, in the use of SEO analytics and audit tools, and in the ability to identify search trends so that they have the necessary skills to win the struggle for more readers.
Abstract
The constant struggle to attract new readers has led the digital news media to adopt search engine positioning strategies within their newsrooms. Given that readers are increasingly [...]
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Victims and perpetrators of feminicide in the language of the Mexican written press
E. Tiscareño-García, O. Miranda-Villanueva

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (1), 25

Abstract
This study investigates the language used by national newspapers in Mexico: “El Universal”, “La Jornada”, “Milenio”, and “Reforma”, when addressing the issue of feminicide regarding victims and perpetrators, as well as their relationship with the gender of the reporter and with each newspaper. The research is based on the analysis of qualitative content and the theoretical framework of framing. Categories were built on the type of language in cases of feminicide of 360 journalistic texts published during 2017: 1) Narrative of feminicide; 2) Justification of the perpetrator or alleged perpetrator; 3) Social issues; 4) Blaming the victim. The analysis yielded cases of victim blaming to a lesser extent than those of the perpetrator's justification. Aspects of the narration of feminicide stood out both by the gender of the reporter and by the media in the four newspapers, from two perspectives: 1) The fact, the follow-up, or the context; 2) The fact, legal aspects, and statistics. Reporters, men and women, tend to justify the perpetrator; male reporters blame the victim more than female reporters; and female reporters contextualize feminicide through social issues: social violence, impunity, and failures in legal processes. “La Jornada” is inclined towards social issues, while “El Universal” tends to justify the perpetrator.
Abstract
This study investigates the language used by national newspapers in Mexico: “El Universal”, “La Jornada”, “Milenio”, and “Reforma”, when addressing the issue [...]
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Influence of Instagram stories in attention and emotion depending on gender
J. Fondevila-Gascón, Ó. Gutiérrez-Aragón, M. Copeiro, V. Villalba-Palacín, M. Polo-López

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (1), 24

Abstract
The impact of media and social networks on users is growing. The fact that commercial activity is flooding most social networks motivates us to enquire about the success factors of posts, and to try to determine if the impact is greater or lesser depending on gender. Attracting attention and exciting the user or customer are the main objectives of advertising, especially interactive advertising. This quantitative research measures the psychophysiological signals of the attentional level and the emotional level of people taking into account gender, through Sociograph, when they visualize Instagram stories of real influencers. To measure the electrodermal activity by means of two electrodes, a measurement instrument is used which integrates the traditional register of the Electrodermal Activity (EDA) and processes the information of the individuals. A questionnaire, the screen to display the Instagram story, the Instagram stories of the influencers, a registration protocol and a record sheet of the activity sequences are used. We observed that a greater number of followers implies greater emotional activation, although it translates into negative emotions, and a greater emotional activation in men than in women, although it is they who show positive emotions towards the video and would make an act of purchase through Instagram.
Abstract
The impact of media and social networks on users is growing. The fact that commercial activity is flooding most social networks motivates us to enquire about the success factors [...]
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Women on YouTube: Representation and participation through the Web Scraping technique
U. Regueira, A. Alonso-Ferreiro, S. Da-Vila

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (1), 23

Abstract
YouTube is the favourite entertainment platform for teens and pre-teens. It is configured as a space for interaction and collaboration that coordinates collective creativity as a generator of meaning. Because of this, nowadays the platform constitutes an enabling environment for subjectivation. Women and men participate by sharing or consuming videos, although the visibility and experiences are different for each gender. The aim of this study is to analyse the presence of women in the new spaces of participation, both from the perspective of producers and consumers of content. An analysis based on Web Scraping of the Instagram profiles of the 50 most successful Youtubers in Spain was carried out. The data obtained was analysed with the statistical software R. The results show a low representation of women among the channels with the highest number of views and subscribers. In addition, there is a lower presence of a female audience. Both roles, women as content creators and as consumers, are mostly associated with stereotypically feminine content such as beauty, drawmylife and fitness sports. The study shows that YouTube, the platform representing the new online participation spaces, reproduces the gender power structures of traditional media. An analytical approach to media education is needed to fight against sexist representations, stereotypes and under-representation of women in public spaces.
Abstract
YouTube is the favourite entertainment platform for teens and pre-teens. It is configured as a space for interaction and collaboration that coordinates collective creativity [...]
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Gender studies in Communication Degrees
F. García-Ramos, F. Zurian, P. Núñez-Gómez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (1), 22

Abstract
This paper is the result of a research carried out under the umbrella of the “UNESCO UniTWIN Network on Media, Gender, and ICTs” Project, and it tries to determine the presence of subjects with a specific focus on gender in the current Communication Degrees offered at Spanish universities. The inclusion of subjects about gender equality in relation to media follows the suggestions of the IV World Conference on Women in Beijing (1995). The main objective of this research will be to investigate the presence of these subjects in Communication Degrees, identifying the elements that define them at a thematic, methodological and relevant levels within the curriculum. A mixed methodological design is proposed based on ex-post-facto research, with a descriptive orientation and the search for improvement, a qualitative analysis of study plans using ATLAS.ti and a panel of experts. The results reveal a scarce presence of this type of subjects, with a higher percentage in public universities than in private ones, and also a minimal relevance as compulsory subjects. This research study reveals the current formal training in gender studies of future generations of media professionals and serves as an endorsement for forthcoming changes of curricula in the European Higher Education Area context.
Abstract
This paper is the result of a research carried out under the umbrella of the “UNESCO UniTWIN Network on Media, Gender, and ICTs” Project, and it tries to determine the [...]
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Gender equality and ICT in the context of formal education: A systematic review
M. Prendes-Espinosa, P. García-Tudela, I. Solano-Fernández

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2020). Vol. 28, (1), 21

Abstract
This article focuses on gender equality as one of the most relevant objectives of the educational system to alleviate gender violence and combat stereotypes. At the same time, ICTs have become a very important educational tool in a digital society like the one where we live. Around these two topics we conducted this research whose purpose is, from the scientific production of the last six years, to analyze the educational practices in formal contexts that deal with gender equality and ICTs (infant, primary, secondary and higher education). The research design is a systematic review, based on the PRISMA statement and the PICoS strategy, using the 2013-2019 search period. After a screening process of a total of 90 documents, 18 papers were found that cover both study topics (gender and ICTs). A content analysis supported by semantic networks was performed, using Atlas.ti v.8. Among the main results, we highlight that most of the good practices in the different educational levels are related to the use of web 2.0. and STEM competences. Finally, we recommend the design of proposals that work on gender through ICTs, with the “smart classroom" as an interesting suggestion that is part of the emerging pedagogies.
Abstract
This article focuses on gender equality as one of the most relevant objectives of the educational system to alleviate gender violence and combat stereotypes. At the same time, [...]
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Research on Joint Control of On-Ramp Metering and Mainline Speed Guidance in the Urban Expressway Based on MPC and Connected Vehicles
Y. Ci, W. Qi, Y. Sun, L. Wu

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 338

Abstract
The traffic operational efficiency of the urban expressway system will affect one of the entire cities. Moreover, the idea that traffic control can improve the traffic operational efficiency of the urban expressway system has been fully confirmed. At present, the main control methods include on-ramp metering and speed guidance control. However, there is a gap in using these two control methods together, such as unclear application conditions and unsystematic methods. In this paper, on-ramp metering and speed guidance control are combined effectively. Based on the research of METANET macroscopic traffic flow model and model predictive control (MPC), a novel joint control method based on MPC and connected vehicles (CVs) for on-ramp metering and speed guidance control of the urban expressway is proposed. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed control method can effectively improve the traffic efficiency and traffic safety. Document type: Article
Abstract
The traffic operational efficiency of the urban expressway system will affect one of the entire cities. Moreover, the idea that traffic control can improve the traffic operational [...]
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A Model for Sustainable Courier Services: Vehicle Routing with Exclusive Lanes
K. Lee, D. Choi, B. Song, J. Chae

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 337

Abstract
In Southeast Asian cities, it is common for logistic companies to operate a heterogeneous fleet of delivery vehicles with motorcycles being the preferred vehicle to handle the final phase of delivery. In such scenarios, heterogeneous fleet vehicle routing problem (HFVRP) is generally applied to plan an optimal delivery. However, in many downtown cores of large and rapidly developing Southeast Asian cities, HFVRP is neither viable nor reliable because of road usage restrictions. The purpose of this article is to develop and test a different approach that accurately takes these restrictions into account and provides viable and more sustainable results. Restrictions in this paper refer to situations of urban areas in Vietnam where (i) certain vehicle types are prohibited in specified areas or where narrow alleyways limit the utilization of vehicles that exceed the road capacity and (ii) certain roads are exclusive to certain vehicle types. In networks, limited access and exclusive lanes are represented as links, or arcs, exclusive to one or another. Taking these limitations into consideration, we have developed a unique model, which we have termed Vehicle Routing Problem with Exclusive Links (VRP-EL). The model was validated and tested for its performance on scenarios with varying ratios of exclusive links. Scenarios up to 500 customers were tested on a meta-heuristic algorithm, simulated annealing. VRP-EL produces realistic outcomes. Limiting certain links to be selected according to vehicle types increases overall travel distance. However, this increase outweighs the cost of re-planning and rerouting had they not been constrained initially. The reduction in traveling distance leads to fossil fuel reduction for the overall system. The estimation of reduced carbon emissions through applying the proposed model is presented. Considering the severe traffic congestion and carbon emissions caused by motorcycles in Vietnam, the proposed model leads to a sustainable road environment. Document type: Article
Abstract
In Southeast Asian cities, it is common for logistic companies to operate a heterogeneous fleet of delivery vehicles with motorcycles being the preferred vehicle to handle [...]
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DroneBased Parcel Delivery Using the Rooftops of City Buildings: Model and Solution
H. Jung, H. Moon, J. Kim

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 336

Abstract
In general, the demand for delivery cannot be fulfilled efficiently due to the excessive traffic in dense urban areas. Therefore, many innovative concepts for intelligent transportation of freight have recently been developed. One of these concepts relies on drone-based parcel delivery using rooftops of city buildings. To apply drone logistics system in cities, the operation design should be adequately prepared. In this regard, a mixed integer programming model for drone operation planning and a heuristic based on block stacking are newly proposed to provide solutions. Additionally, numerical experiments with three different problem sizes are conducted to check the feasibility of the proposed model and to assess the performance of the proposed heuristic. The experimental results show that the proposed model seems to be viable and that the developed heuristic provides very good operation plans in terms of the optimality gap and the computation time. Document type: Article
Abstract
In general, the demand for delivery cannot be fulfilled efficiently due to the excessive traffic in dense urban areas. Therefore, many innovative concepts for intelligent [...]
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Heterogenous Trip Distance-Based Route Choice Behavior Analysis Using Real-World Large-Scale Taxi Trajectory Data
Q. Tang, X. Hu, M. Li, R. He, Y. Deng

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 334

Abstract
Most early research on route choice behavior analysis relied on the data collected from the stated preference survey or through small-scale experiments. This manuscript focused on the understanding of commuters’ route choice behavior based on the massive amount of trajectory data collected from occupied taxicabs. The underlying assumption was that travel behavior of occupied taxi drivers can be considered as no different than the well-experienced commuters. To this end, the DBSCAN algorithm and Akaike information criterion (AIC) were first used to classify trips into different categories based on the trip length. Next, a total of 9 explanatory variables were defined to describe the route choice behavior, and and the path size (PS) logit model was then built, which avoided the invalid assumption of independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) in the commonly seen multinomial logit (MNL) model. The taxi trajectory data from over 11,000 taxicabs in Xi’an, China, with 40 million trajectory records each day were used in the case study. The results confirmed that commuters’ route choice behavior are heterogenous for trips with varying distances and that considering such heterogeneity in the modeling process would better explain commuters’ route choice behaviors, when compared with the traditional MNL model. Document type: Article
Abstract
Most early research on route choice behavior analysis relied on the data collected from the stated preference survey or through small-scale experiments. This manuscript focused [...]
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Features of Earthquake-Induced Seabed Liquefaction and Mitigation Strategies of Novel Marine Structures
Y. Huang, X. Han

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 333

Abstract
With the accelerated development of marine engineering, a growing number of marine structures are being constructed (e.g., seabed pipelines, drilling platforms, oil platforms, wind turbines). However, seismic field investigations over recent decades have shown that many marine structures were damaged or destroyed due to liquefaction. Seismic liquefaction in marine engineering can have huge financial repercussions as well as a devastating effect on the marine environment, which merits our great attention. As the effects of seawater and the gas component in the seabed layers are not negligible, the seabed soil layers are more prone to liquefaction than onshore soil layers, and the liquefied area may be larger than when liquefaction occurs on land. To mitigate the impact of liquefaction events on marine engineering structures, some novel liquefaction-resistant marine structures have been proposed in recent years. This paper reviews the features of earthquake-induced liquefaction and the mitigation strategies for marine structures to meet the future requirements of marine engineering. Document type: Article
Abstract
With the accelerated development of marine engineering, a growing number of marine structures are being constructed (e.g., seabed pipelines, drilling platforms, oil platforms, [...]
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Fuel Economy in Truck Platooning: A Literature Overview and Directions for Future Research
X. Ma, F. Chen, X. Pan, L. Zhang

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 332

Abstract
A truck platoon is a set of virtually linked trucks that travel in tandem with small intervehicle distances. Several studies have proved that traveling in platoons can significantly improve fuel economy due to the reduced aerodynamic drag. However, most literature only provides scattered pieces of information regarding fuel economy in truck platoons. Therefore, a literature survey is needed to understand what has been studied and what problems remain to be further addressed. This paper presents an overview of existing studies to illustrate the state of the art about fuel savings for truck platooning. Specifically, it summarized the methodologies, the contributing factors of fuel consumption, the coordination methods to improve the platooning rate, and the look-ahead control strategies to generate fuel-efficient speed profiles for each vehicle driving in a platoon over different road grades. After that, the autonomous truck platooning was introduced, and we raised and discussed a couple of outstanding questions to be addressed in future work. Document type: Article
Abstract
A truck platoon is a set of virtually linked trucks that travel in tandem with small intervehicle distances. Several studies have proved that traveling in platoons can significantly [...]
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Profitability of Frequency Regulation by Electric Vehicles in Denmark and Japan Considering Battery Degradation Costs
M. Marinelli, L. Calearo

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 330

Abstract
This paper determines the profitability of the primary frequency regulation (FR) service considering the wear of the electric vehicle (EV) battery as a cost. To evaluate the profitability of the FR service, the cost of degradation from FR provision is separated from the degradation caused by driving usage. During FR, the power response is proportional to the frequency deviation with full activation power of 9.2 kW, when deviations are larger than 100 mHz. The degradation due to FR is found to be an additional 1–2% to the 7–12% capacity reduction of a 40 kWh Lithium-ion NMC battery pack over 5 years. The overall economic framework is applied in Denmark, both DK1 and DK2, and Japan, by considering historical frequencies. The DK2 FR market framework is taken as reference also for the Japanese and the DK1 cases. Electricity prices and charger efficiency are the two main parameters that affect the profitability of the service. Indeed, with domestic prices there is no profitability, whereas with industrial prices, despite differences between the frequencies, the service is similarly profitable with approx. 3500€ for a five-year period. Document type: Article
Abstract
This paper determines the profitability of the primary frequency regulation (FR) service considering the wear of the electric vehicle (EV) battery as a cost. To evaluate the [...]
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Efficient Paradigm to Measure Street-Crossing Onset Time of Pedestrians in Video-Based Interactions with Vehicles
S. Faas, A. Kao, M. Baumann, S. Mattes

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 328

Abstract
With self-driving vehicles (SDVs), pedestrians can no longer rely on a human driver. Previous research suggests that pedestrians may benefit from an external Human–Machine Interface (eHMI) displaying information to surrounding traffic participants. This paper introduces a natural methodology to compare eHMI concepts from a pedestrian’s viewpoint. To measure eHMI effects on traffic flow, previous video-based studies instructed participants to indicate their crossing decision with interfering data collection devices, such as pressing a button or slider. We developed a quantifiable concept that allows participants to naturally step off a sidewalk to cross the street. Hidden force-sensitive resistor sensors recorded their crossing onset time (COT) in response to real-life videos of approaching vehicles in an immersive crosswalk simulation environment. We validated our method with an initial study of N = 34 pedestrians by showing (1) that it is able to detect significant eHMI effects on COT as well as subjective measures of perceived safety and user experience. The approach is further validated by (2) replicating the findings of a test track study and (3) participants’ reports that it felt natural to take a step forward to indicate their street crossing decision. We discuss the benefits and limitations of our method with regard to related approaches. Document type: Article
Abstract
With self-driving vehicles (SDVs), pedestrians can no longer rely on a human driver. Previous research suggests that pedestrians may benefit from an external Human–Machine [...]
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Evaluating Cyclists’ Route Preferences with Respect to Infrastructure
M. Hardinghaus, P. Papantoniou

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 327

Abstract
Providing a sufficiently appropriate route environment is crucial to ensuring fair and safe biking, thus encouraging cycling as a sustainable mode of transport. At the same time, better understanding of cyclists&rsquo preferences regarding the features of their routes and their infrastructure requirements is fundamental to evaluating improvement of the current infrastructure or the development of new infrastructure. The present study has two objectives. The first is to investigate cyclists&rsquo route preferences by means of a choice experiment based on a stated preference survey. Subsequently, the second objective is to compare cyclist preferences in two countries with different cycling characteristics (both in infrastructure as well as cyclists&rsquo behavior). For this purpose, a graphical online stated preferences survey was conducted in Greece and Germany. Within the framework of statistical analyses, multinomial mixed logit discrete choice models were developed that allow us to quantify the trade-offs of interest, while distinguishing between the preferences of different user groups. In addition, user requirements in Greece, as a country with a low cycling share and very little dedicated bike infrastructure, were compared to the requirements in Germany, where cycling is popular and the infrastructure is well developed. The results over the whole sample indicate that subgroups value infrastructure differently according to their specific needs. When looking at country specifics, users from Greece are significantly more willing to accept longer travel times in return for higher-quality facilities. The utility of low speed limits in mixed traffic is also different. In Germany, low speed limits offset the disturbance caused by motorized traffic, but in Greece they do not. Consequently, the results help to asses which types of infrastructure are most sustainable from a user perspective and help to set priorities when the aim is to adapt the road infrastructure efficiently in a stable strategy. Document type: Article
Abstract
Providing a sufficiently appropriate route environment is crucial to ensuring fair and safe biking, thus encouraging cycling as a sustainable mode of transport. At the same [...]
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Evaluating the impact of new aircraft separation minima on available airspace capacity and arrival time delay
E. Itoh, M. Mitici

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 325

Abstract
Although the application of new, reduced aircraft separation minima can directly increase runway throughput, the impact thereof on the traffic flow of aircraft arriving at the destination airport has not been discussed yet. This paper proposes a data-driven and queue-based modeling approach and presents an analysis of the impact on the delay time of arriving aircraft in the airspace within a radius of 100 nautical miles around an airport. The parameters of our queuing model were estimated by analysing the data contained in the radar tracks and flight plans for flights that arrived at Tokyo International Airport during the 2 years of 2016 and 2017. The results clarified the best arrival strategy according to the distance from the arrival airport: The combination of airspace capacity control and reduction of the flight time and separation variance is the most powerful solution to mitigate delays experienced by arriving traffic while also allowing an increase in the amount of arrival traffic. The application of new wake vortex categories would enable us to increase the arrival traffic to 120%. In addition, the arrival delay time could be minimised by implementing the proposed arrival traffic strategies together with automation support for air traffic controllers. Document type: Article
Abstract
Although the application of new, reduced aircraft separation minima can directly increase runway throughput, the impact thereof on the traffic flow of aircraft arriving at [...]
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Multiagent Reinforcement Learning-Based Taxi Predispatching Model to Balance Taxi Supply and Demand
Y. Yang, Y. Xu, X. Wang, Q. Huang

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 324

Abstract
With the improvement of people’s living standards, people’s demand of traveling by taxi is increasing, but the taxi service system is not perfect yet; taxi drivers usually rely on their operational experience or cruise randomly to find passengers. Without macroguidance, the role of the taxi system cannot be fully utilized. Many scholars have studied taxi behaviors to find better operational strategies for drivers, but their researches rely on local optimization methods to improve the profit of drivers, which will lead to imbalance between supply and demand in the city. To solve this problem, we propose a Multiagent Reinforcement Learning- (MARL-) based taxi predispatching model through analyzing the running data of 13,000 taxis. Different from other methods of scheduling taxis based on the real-time location of orders, our model first predicts the demand for taxis in different regions in the next period and then dispatches taxis in advance to meet the future requirement; thus, the number of taxis needed and available in different regions can be balanced. Besides, in order to reduce computational complexity, we propose several methods to reduce the state space and action space of reinforcement learning. Finally, we compare our method with another taxi dispatching method, and the results show that the proposed method has a significant improvement in vehicle utilization rate and passenger demand satisfaction rate. Document type: Article
Abstract
With the improvement of people’s living standards, people’s demand of traveling by taxi is increasing, but the taxi service system is not perfect yet; taxi drivers usually [...]
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Assessment of the Potential of Wrist-Worn Wearable Sensors for Driver Drowsiness Detection
T. Kundinger, A. Riener, N. Sofra

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 323

Abstract
Drowsy driving imposes a high safety risk. Current systems often use driving behavior parameters for driver drowsiness detection. The continuous driving automation reduces the availability of these parameters, therefore reducing the scope of such methods. Especially, techniques that include physiological measurements seem to be a promising alternative. However, in a dynamic environment such as driving, only non- or minimal intrusive methods are accepted, and vibrations from the roadbed could lead to degraded sensor technology. This work contributes to driver drowsiness detection with a machine learning approach applied solely to physiological data collected from a non-intrusive retrofittable system in the form of a wrist-worn wearable sensor. To check accuracy and feasibility, results are compared with reference data from a medical-grade ECG device. A user study with 30 participants in a high-fidelity driving simulator was conducted. Several machine learning algorithms for binary classification were applied in user-dependent and independent tests. Results provide evidence that the non-intrusive setting achieves a similar accuracy as compared to the medical-grade device, and high accuracies (> 92%) could be achieved, especially in a user-dependent scenario. The proposed approach offers new possibilities for human&ndash machine interaction in a car and especially for driver state monitoring in the field of automated driving. Document type: Article
Abstract
Drowsy driving imposes a high safety risk. Current systems often use driving behavior parameters for driver drowsiness detection. The continuous driving automation reduces [...]
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CoDR: Correlation-based Data Reduction Scheme for Efficient Gathering of Heterogeneous Driving Data
J. Choi, Y. Chung, J. Park

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 322

Abstract
A variety of deep learning techniques are actively employed for advanced driver assistance systems, which in turn require gathering lots of heterogeneous driving data, such as traffic conditions, driver behavior, vehicle status and location information. However, these different types of driving data easily become more than tens of GB per day, forming a significant hurdle due to the storage and network cost. To address this problem, this paper proposes a novel scheme, called CoDR, which can reduce data volume by considering the correlations among heterogeneous driving data. Among heterogeneous datasets, CoDR first chooses one set as a pivot data. Then, according to the objective of data collection, it identifies data ranges relevant to the objective from the pivot dataset. Finally, it investigates correlations among sets, and reduces data volume by eliminating irrelevant data from not only the pivot set but also other remaining datasets. CoDR gathers four heterogeneous driving datasets: two videos for front view and driver behavior, OBD-II and GPS data. We show that CoDR decreases data volume by up to 91%. We also present diverse analytical results that reveal the correlations among the four datasets, which can be exploited usefully for edge computing to reduce data volume on the spot. Document type: Article
Abstract
A variety of deep learning techniques are actively employed for advanced driver assistance systems, which in turn require gathering lots of heterogeneous driving data, such [...]
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Does a Confidence Level for Automated Driving Time Estimations Improve the Subjective Evaluation of an Automation HMI?
A. Feierle, S. Danner, K. Bengler, T. Hecht

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 321

Abstract
Current research in human factors and automated driving is increasingly focusing on predictable transitions instead of urgent and critical take-overs. Predictive human–machine interface (HMI) elements displaying the remaining time until the next request to intervene were identified as a user need, especially when the user is engaging in non-driving related activities (NDRA). However, these estimations are prone to errors due to changing traffic conditions and updated map-based information. Thus, we investigated a confidence display for Level 3 automated driving time estimations. Based on a preliminary study, a confidence display resembling a mobile phone connectivity symbol was developed. In a mixed-design driving simulator study with 32 participants, we assessed the impact of the confidence display concept (within factor) on usability, frustration, trust and acceptance during city and highway automated driving (between factor). During automated driving sections, participants engaged in a naturalistic visual NDRA to create a realistic scenario. Significant effects were found for the scenario: participants in the city experienced higher levels of frustration. However, the confidence display has no significant impact on the subjective evaluation and most participants preferred the baseline HMI without a confidence symbol. Document type: Article
Abstract
Current research in human factors and automated driving is increasingly focusing on predictable transitions instead of urgent and critical take-overs. Predictive human–machine [...]
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A framework for describing interaction between human operators and autonomous, automated, and manual control systems
B. Johansson, J. Lundberg

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 320

Abstract
This paper addresses how to describe critical episodes of interaction between human operators and autonomous, automated, and manual control systems. The first part of the paper poses three questions: (1) what levels of cognitive control are important to include in a descriptive framework for joint human-autonomy in process control; (2) how should one describe temporal developments in joint socio-technical systems; and (3) how does one analyse communication and control at the system joints. The paper proceeds by proposing a new framework for description and analysis, the Joint Control Framework (JCF), with a simple notation, the Score (JCF-S). It allows descriptions of the three previously mentioned aspects through three analytical activities: process mapping (PM), analysis of Levels of Autonomy in Cognitive Control (LACC), and temporal descriptions of human-machine interaction (T-HMI) through the Score notation. This facilitates analyses across cases and domains. The framework is discussed based on an analysis of two episodes; one work episode (from an air traffic control tower simulator); and one work procedure (from an unmanned traffic management system design concept). "p"Funding Agencies|Linkoping University - Swedish Transport Administration; Air Navigation Services of Sweden Document type: Article
Abstract
This paper addresses how to describe critical episodes of interaction between human operators and autonomous, automated, and manual control systems. The first part of the [...]
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Predicting Crash Frequency for Urban Expressway considering Collision Types Using Real-Time Traffic Data
C. Wu, H. Zhang, S. Li, Y. Wang, Q. Zhang

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 319

Abstract
Current studies on traffic crash prediction mainly focus on the crash frequency and crash severity of freeways or arterials. However, collision type for urban expressway crash is rarely considered. Meanwhile, with the rapid development of urban expressway systems in China in recent years, traffic safety problems have attracted more attention. In addition, the traffic characteristics are considered to be a potentially important predictor of traffic accidents; however, their impact on crashes has been controversial. Therefore, a crash frequency predicting model for urban expressway considering collision types is proposed in this study. The loop detector traffic data and historical crash data were aggregated based on the similarities of the traffic conditions 5 minutes before crash occurrence, among which crashes were divided by collision type (rear-end collision and side-impact collision). The impact of traffic characteristics along with weather variables as well as their interactions on crash frequency was modelled by using negative binomial regression model. The results indicated that the influence of traffic and weather factors on two collision types shared similar trend, but different level. For rear-end collisions, crash frequency increased with lower average speed and high traffic volume under low speed limit. And when the speed limit is high, higher average speed coupled with larger volume increases the probability of crash. Higher average speed and traffic volume increase the probability of side-impact collisions, without being affected by the speed limit. The findings of the present study could help to determine efficient safety countermeasures aimed at improving the safety performance of urban expressway. Document type: Article
Abstract
Current studies on traffic crash prediction mainly focus on the crash frequency and crash severity of freeways or arterials. However, collision type for urban expressway crash [...]
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Maritime Transport in a Life Cycle Perspective: How Fuels, Vessel Types, and Operational Profiles Influence Energy Demand and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
D. Giannopoulos, A. Bonou, G. Seithe, C. Georgopoulou, M. Founti

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 318

Abstract
&ldquo Well-to-Propeller&rdquo Life Cycle Assessment of maritime transport was performed with a European geographical focus. Four typical types of vessels with specific operational profiles were assessed: a container vessel and a tanker (both with 2-stroke engines), a passenger roll-on/roll-off (Ro-Pax) and a cruise vessel (both with 4-stroke engines). All main engines were dual fuel operated with Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) or Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). Alternative onshore and offshore fuel supply chains were considered. Primary energy use and greenhouse gas emissions were assessed. Raw material extraction was found to be the most impactful life cycle stage (~90% of total energy use). Regarding greenhouse gases, liquefaction was the key issue. When transitioning from HFO to LNG, the systems were mainly influenced by a reduction in cargo capacity due to bunkering requirements and methane slip, which depends on the fuel supply chain (onshore has 64% more slip than offshore) and the engine type (4-stroke engines have 20% more slip than 2-stroke engines). The combination of alternative fuel supply chains and specific operational profiles allowed for a complete system assessment. The results demonstrated that multiple opposing drivers affect the environmental performance of maritime transport, a useful insight towards establishing emission abatement strategies. Document type: Article
Abstract
&ldquo Well-to-Propeller&rdquo Life Cycle Assessment of maritime transport was performed with a European geographical focus. Four typical types of vessels with specific [...]
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Smart Edge Broker for Location-Based Transfer between Services and Distributed Data in IoT Smart Services
J. Ahn, B. Lee

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 317

Abstract
Various kinds of smart sensors are being developed and released with the growth of sensor technology and Internet of Things (IoT) technology. IoT smart service can provide convenience in our daily lives with these smart sensors. However, the increasing number of mobile sensors and amount of data may increase latency. It may cause network congestion on a particular network. Therefore, we propose a Smart Edge Broker (SEB) to intelligently transmit data traffic generated by a smart city in this paper. SEB can prevent the traffic congestion from being transmitted or bypassed to a location where traffic is not necessary. In addition, SEB can prevent overload in a specific area between services through a location-based transfer. Plus, SEB is suitable to operate it as a fog computing model by placing it at the edge of a smart city network. We conducted a latency measurement experiment and load measurement experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed Smart Edge Broker. As a result, we found that the latency was reduced by 72%, and the CPU usage was reduced by 63% compared to when the Smart Edge Broker was not used. Document type: Article
Abstract
Various kinds of smart sensors are being developed and released with the growth of sensor technology and Internet of Things (IoT) technology. IoT smart service can provide [...]
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Modified Maintenance Network Model for Urban Rail Transit Systems Based on the Variable Coverage Radius: Evidence from Changchun City in China
X. Mao, X. Mao, W. Cui, B. Sun, Y. Jiang, L. Zheng

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 316

Abstract
Network-wide maintenance lacks strong theoretical support and practical cases. However, research on this topic has entered an extensive exploratory stage; for example, new network design methods are being sought, and successful practices from traditional maintenance by line and by profession are being incorporated. This paper proposes a novel set-covering model with the variable coverage radius for the maintenance network of urban rail transit systems in the context of network-wide maintenance. The concepts of network-wide maintenance follow principles that are similar to those of bio-geography-based optimization (BBO), i.e., patterns of migration, variation, and extinction of different populations in different habitats. Therefore, a BBO algorithm is implemented with combinatorial optimization programming. Experiments from Changchun city in China show that the proposed model and algorithm are effective in fulfilling network-wide requirements through a direct tradeoff between the coverage radius and maintenance response time. In addition, the maintenance capacity and variable coverage radius of each maintenance point influence both the maintenance timeliness and resource utilization of maintenance units. Document type: Article
Abstract
Network-wide maintenance lacks strong theoretical support and practical cases. However, research on this topic has entered an extensive exploratory stage; for example, new [...]
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Evaluating pedestrian and cyclist behaviour at a level crossing
C. Kaufmann, D. Schreiber, M. Urban, T. Landgraf, C. Erbsmehl, L. Hartwig, R. Risser

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 315

Abstract
The article gives an overview about the results of the use of a newly developed measurement technique in order to analyse the behaviour of road users at level crossings. For the test of the measurement technique a before/after design was chosen in order to evaluate the effects of a speed bump on the behaviour of road users and on safety at level crossings. The measurement technique combines the use of (1) an infrared camera and (2) conventional video recording. The use of an infrared camera allows the registration of variables such as speed, position, distance and acceleration independent of lighting conditions. A conventional camera includes recording of road users' head movements on the basis of which one can conclude where their attention is directed. Besides the analysis of changes in motorists’ behaviour due to installation of a speed bump, data on the behaviour of vulnerable road users was also collected. The article concentrates especially on these results. It shows different forms of misconduct amongst the vulnerable road users that stems from different sources of error and could potentially lead to accidents. Crossings against red were observed as well as a negative effect of group size on the frequency of looking to the left and/or right. Generally vulnerable road users were crossing the railway mostly alone followed by crossing in pairs. Bigger groups were also observed but were more an exception like school classes or groups of recreational cyclists. The gaze behaviour of the vulnerable road users to the left and right hardly changed over the time and about two thirds of the pedestrians and cyclists were looking in at least one direction before crossing the railway. During the period without the speed bump eleven pedestrians and five cyclists were crossing the rail road while the red light was activated (none within the period where the speed bump was implemented – which might be due to the speed bump itself but cannot be ascribe to it with certainty). It can be concluded that the presented measurement technique could be suitable to be included in evaluations of the behaviour of vulnerable road users to achieve a more comprehensive format, which includes night time observations, observation of vulnerable road user behaviour and estimation of the effect of a safety measure. Document type: Article
Abstract
The article gives an overview about the results of the use of a newly developed measurement technique in order to analyse the behaviour of road users at level crossings. For [...]
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Assessing Gender Gaps in Educational Provision, Research and Employment Opportunities in the Transport Sector at the European Level
M. Pirra, A. Carboni, M. Diana

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 314

Abstract
Serious gaps are found when evaluating the recognition and inclusion of gender aspects in transport strategies, research and innovation. Similar issues can be spotted in the transport labor market, where only 22% of workers are women at the European level. The roots of these limitations are in the low participation of women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths (STEM) studies and, therefore, in the traditionally male-dominated transport field occupations. Stemming from the European project TInnGO, the current paper proposes a descriptive analysis to evaluate the gender gaps in educational provision and research in ten European countries. Specific indicators, such as percentages in the gender composition or the presence of university courses dealing with mobility and transport, have been defined and their availability in different countries is verified. In addition, a desktop review of practices for encouraging and supporting women in STEM studies is operated, underling characteristics such as the kind of initiative, the methods and tools used, the target group or the type of promoter. The results of this activity show that a wide network of associations and mentoring operates in various European nations, mostly targeting secondary school students, trying to make females aware of their potentialities in a deeply gender-biased field like the STEM one. Document type: Article
Abstract
Serious gaps are found when evaluating the recognition and inclusion of gender aspects in transport strategies, research and innovation. Similar issues can be spotted in the [...]
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A Comparative Study on Drivers’ Stop/Go Behavior at Signalized Intersections Based on Decision Tree Classification Model
S. Dong, J. Zhou

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 313

Abstract
The stop/go decisions at signalized intersections are closely related to driving speed during signal change intervals. The speed during stop/go decision-making has a significant influence on the dilemma area, resulting in changes of stop/go decisions and high complexity of the decision-making process. Considering that traffic delays and vehicle exhaust pollution are mainly caused by queuing at intersections, the stop-line passing speed during the signal change interval will affect both vehicle operation safety and the atmospheric environment. This paper presents a comparative study on drivers’ stop/go behaviors when facing a transition signal period consisting of 3 s green flashing light (FG) and 3 s yellow light (Y) at rural high-speed intersections and urban intersections. For this study, 1,459 high-quality vehicle trajectories of five intersections in Shanghai during the transition signal period were collected. Of these five intersections, three are high-speed intersections with a speed limit of 80 km/h, and the other two are urban intersections with a speed limit of 50 km/h. Trajectory data of these vehicle samples were statistically analyzed to investigate the general characteristics of potential influencing factors, including the instantaneous speed and the distance to the intersection at the start of FG, the vehicle type, and so on. Decision Tree Classification (DTC) models are developed to reveal the relationship between the drivers’ stop/go decisions and these possible influencing factors. The results indicate that the instantaneous speed of FG onset, the distance to the intersection at the start of FG, and the vehicle type are the most important predictors for both types of intersections. Besides, a DTC model can offer a simple way of modeling drivers’ stopping decision behavior and produce good results for urban intersections. Document type: Article
Abstract
The stop/go decisions at signalized intersections are closely related to driving speed during signal change intervals. The speed during stop/go decision-making has a significant [...]
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A Novel Algorithm for Controlling Active and Reactive Power Flows of Electric Vehicles in Buildings and Its Impact on the Distribution Network
C. El-Bayeh, B. Brahmi, K. Alzaareer, M. Zellagui

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 312

Abstract
In the literature, many optimization algorithms were developed to control electrical loads, especially Electric Vehicles (EVs) in buildings. Despite the success of the existing algorithms in improving the power profile of charging EVs and reducing the total electricity bill of the end-users, these algorithms didn&rsquo t show significant contribution in improving the voltage profile on the network, especially with the existence of highly inductive loads. The control of the active power may not be sufficient to regulate the voltage, even if sophisticated optimization algorithms and control strategies are used. To fill the gap in the literature, we propose a new algorithm that is able to control both the active and reactive power flows using electric vehicles in buildings and homes. The algorithm is composed of two parts the first part uses optimization to control the active power and minimize the electricity bill, while the second part controls the reactive power using the bidirectional converter in the EV in a way that the voltage profile on the distribution transformer respects its limits. The new approach is validated through a comparative study of four different scenarios, (i) without EV, (ii) with EV using uncoordinated charging, (iii) with EV using coordinated charging, (iv) with EV using our proposed algorithm. Results show that our algorithm has maintained the voltage within the recommended limits, and it has minimized the peak load, the electricity cost, and the techno-economic losses on the network. Document type: Article
Abstract
In the literature, many optimization algorithms were developed to control electrical loads, especially Electric Vehicles (EVs) in buildings. Despite the success of the existing [...]
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Design of Real-Time Dynamic Reversible Lane in Intelligent Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System
L. Mao, J. Dai, P. Hu, W. Li, I. Zhang, G. Zhou

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 311

Abstract
The rapidly growing traffic demand and the slowly increasing traffic supply have produced an mounting contradiction, which is mainly manifested in cities as road congestion and unbalanced bidirectional traffic flow. Most of the reversible lanes are implemented on fixed sections and fixed times and are mainly guided by ground markings, road signs, railings, and traffic police officer. It requires a lot of human and material costs. And, the control effect is lagging and inaccurate. Aiming at these problems, a real-time dynamic reversible lane scheme in the Intelligent Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System (CVIS) was proposed. Traffic information was collected in real time through the CVIS, and a reversible lane scheme was established based on the real-time service level "mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"""mml:mi"V"/mml:mi""mml:mo"/"/mml:mo""mml:mi"C"/mml:mi""/mml:math" and BRP functions. A lane change control model was applied to determine the number of lanes and the timing of lane changes. Then, the reversible lanes were managed in real time through intelligent road stud lights and light curtain walls. Buffer sections and no-entry sections were set to ensure reversible lanes operating safely and efficiently. VISSIM simulation was used for case analysis, and the results showed that compared with the traditional time-controlled reversible lane scheme, the real-time dynamic reversible lane scheme could reduce the average vehicle delay by 27.4% and decrease the vehicle VOC, CO and NO"jats:sub"X"/jats:sub" emissions by 13.5%. Document type: Article
Abstract
The rapidly growing traffic demand and the slowly increasing traffic supply have produced an mounting contradiction, which is mainly manifested in cities as road congestion [...]
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The Shape of a Vehicle Windshield Affects Reaction Time and Brain Activity During a Target Detection Task
J. Pernia, J. Lu, T. Yoshida, S. content, M. Machizawa, M. Chiba, Y. Okamoto, T. Sasaoka, I. Koji, T. Nouzawa, N. Michida, K. Atsuhide, K. Nishikawa, S. Yamawaki

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 310

Abstract
Background: Achieving clear visibility through a windshield is one of the crucial factors in manufacturing a safe and comfortable vehicle. The optic flow (OF) through the windshield has been reported to divert attention and could impair visibility. Although a growing number of behavioral and neuroimaging studies have assessed drivers' attention in various driving scenarios, there is still little evidence of a relationship between OF, windshield shape, and driver's attentional efficacy. The purpose of this research was to examine this relationship. Methods: First, we quantified the OF across the windshield in a simulated driving scenario with either of two types of the windshield (a tilted or vertical pillar) at different speeds (60 km/h or 160 km/h) and found more upward OF along the tilted pillar than along the vertical pillar. Therefore, we hypothesized that the predominance of upward OF around the windshield along a tilted pillar could distract a driver and that we could observe the corresponding neural activity. Magnetic resonance scans were then obtained while the subjects performed a visual detection task while watching the driving scene used in the OF analysis. The subjects were required to press a button as rapidly as possible when a target appeared at one of five positions (leftmost, left, center, right, and rightmost). Results: We found that the reaction time (RT) on exposure to a tilted pillar was longer than that on exposure to a vertical pillar in the leftmost and rightmost conditions. Furthermore, there was more brain activity in the precuneus when the pillar was tilted than when it was vertical in the rightmost condition near the pillar. In a separate analysis, activation in the precuneus was found to reflect relative changes in the amount of upward OF when the target was at the rightmost position. Conclusions: Overall, these observations suggest that activation in the precuneus may reflect extraneous cognitive load driven by upward OF along the pillar and could distract visual attention. The findings of this study highlight the value of a cognitive neuroscientific approach to research and development in the motor vehicle manufacturing industry. Document type: Article
Abstract
Background: Achieving clear visibility through a windshield is one of the crucial factors in manufacturing a safe and comfortable vehicle. The optic flow (OF) through the [...]
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How Much Space Is Required? Effect of Distance, Content, and Color on External Human–Machine Interface Size
K. Bengler, J. Schulze, M. Rettenmaier

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 309

Abstract
The communication of an automated vehicle (AV) with human road users can be realized by means of an external human–machine interface (eHMI), such as displays mounted on the AV’s surface. For this purpose, the amount of time needed for a human interaction partner to perceive the AV’s message and to act accordingly has to be taken into account. Any message displayed by an AV must satisfy minimum size requirements based on the dynamics of the road traffic and the time required by the human. This paper examines the size requirements of displayed text or symbols for ensuring the legibility of a message. Based on the limitations of available package space in current vehicle models and the ergonomic requirements of the interface design, an eHMI prototype was developed. A study involving 30 participants varied the content type (text and symbols) and content color (white, red, green) in a repeated measures design. We investigated the influence of content type on content size to ensure legibility from a constant distance. We also analyzed the influence of content type and content color on the human detection range. The results show that, at a fixed distance, text has to be larger than symbols in order to maintain legibility. Moreover, symbols can be discerned from a greater distance than text. Color had no content overlapping effect on the human detection range. In order to ensure the maximum possible detection range among human road users, an AV should display symbols rather than text. Additionally, the symbols could be color-coded for better message comprehension without affecting the human detection range. Document type: Article
Abstract
The communication of an automated vehicle (AV) with human road users can be realized by means of an external human–machine interface (eHMI), such as displays mounted on [...]
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Assessing the Potential of Short Sea Shipping and the Benefits in Terms of External Costs: Application to the Mediterranean Basin
A. Comi, A. Polimeni

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 308

Abstract
The paper aims to investigate short sea shipping services as a competitive, sustainable freight transport system which is able to respond to economic, social and environmental needs. An assessment methodology is proposed which considers an aggregate discrete choice model, simulating the split between the competitive transport alternatives in the Mediterranean basin. The proposed methodology was used to assess the potential of short sea shipping (SSS) and the net benefits deriving from lower external costs in the north-western Mediterranean basin. Two future scenarios are considered: introduction of new SSS services as envisaged by current EU projects and plans, and the introduction of new SSS routes and an increase in frequencies of existing services. Significant results were obtained in terms of shifting freight traffic from the road network as well as external benefits. Document type: Article
Abstract
The paper aims to investigate short sea shipping services as a competitive, sustainable freight transport system which is able to respond to economic, social and environmental [...]
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Computationally Efficient Energy Management in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Approximate Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle
S. Coskun, Y. Cui, H. Pang, F. Zhang, L. Wang

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 307

Abstract
This article presents an energy management method for a parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) based on approximate Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle (A-PMP). The A-PMP optimizes gearshift commands and torque distribution for overall energy efficiency. As a practical numerical solution in PMP, the proposed methodology utilizes a piecewise linear approximation of the engine fuel rate and state of charge (SOC) derivative by considering drivability and fuel economy simultaneously. Moreover, battery aging is explicitly studied by introducing a control-oriented model, which aims to investigate the effect of battery aging on the optimization performance in the development of the HEVs. An approximate energy management strategy with piecewise linear models is then formulated by the A-PMP, which targets a better performance for the Hamiltonian optimization. The gearshift map is extracted from the optimal results in the standard PMP to hinder frequent gearshift by considering both drivability and fuel economy. Utilizing an approximated Hamilton function, the torque distribution, gearshift command, and the battery aging degradation are jointly optimized under a unified framework. Simulations are performed for dynamic programming (DP), PMP, and A-PMP to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results indicate that the proposed methodology achieves a close fuel economy compared with the DP-based optimal solution. Moreover, it improves the computation efficiency by 50% and energy saving by 3.5%, compared with the PMP, while ensuring good drivability and fuel efficiency. Document type: Article
Abstract
This article presents an energy management method for a parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) based on approximate Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle (A-PMP). The A-PMP optimizes [...]
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Depicting corrosion-born defects in pipelines with combined neutron/γ ray backscatter: a biomimetic approach
M. Joyce, H. Parker, F. Cave, M. Aspinall, M. Bandala, G. Taylor, S. Conway, D. Gerta, N. Roberts, M. Licata

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 306

Abstract
The identification of corrosion, cracks and defects in pipelines used for transporting oil and gas can reduce the possibility of leaks, and consequently, it can limit the extent of an environmental disaster, public hazard and the associated financial impact of such events. Typically, corrosion in oil pipelines is measured with non-destructive ultrasonic or electromagnetic techniques, on the basis that corrosion and defects are often manifest as a change of thickness in the steel from which pipelines are made. However, such approaches are not practical for underground pipelines and their deployment can be complicated for the case of pipelines covered by insulation. In this paper, we present an innovative, non-destructive testing technique, which exploits the backscatter of a combination of fast-neutron and γ radiation from steel samples of a variety of thicknesses consistent with changes that might arise due to corrosion of a pipe wall. Our research demonstrates the potential to measure and characterise different steel thicknesses by detecting both the elastic, fast-neutron backscatter and the Compton-scattered γ radiations, simultaneously. Further, we demonstrate that the presence of insulation yields a consistent and separable influence on the experimental, wall-thickness measurements. The data from experimental measurements are supported by a comprehensive Monte Carlo computer simulation study. Document type: Article
Abstract
The identification of corrosion, cracks and defects in pipelines used for transporting oil and gas can reduce the possibility of leaks, and consequently, it can limit the [...]
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An Automatic Emergency Braking Model considering Driver’s Intention Recognition of the Front Vehicle
W. Yang, J. Liu, K. Zhou, Z. Zhang, X. Qu

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 305

Abstract
Driver’s intention of the front vehicle plays an important role in the automatic emergency braking (AEB) system. If the front vehicle brakes suddenly, there is potential collision risk for following vehicle. Therefore, we propose a driver’s intention recognition model for the front vehicle, which is based on the backpropagation (BP) neural network and hidden Markov model (HMM). The brake pedal, accelerator pedal, and vehicle speed data are used as the input of the proposed BP-HMM model to recognize the driver’s intention, which includes uniform driving, normal braking, and emergency braking. According to the recognized driver’s intention transmitted by Internet of vehicles, an AEB model for the following vehicle is proposed, which can dynamically change the critical braking distance under different driving conditions to avoid rear-end collision. In order to verify the performance of the proposed models, we conducted driver’s intention recognition and AEB simulation tests in the cosimulation environment of Simulink and PreScan. The simulation test results show that the average recognition accuracy of the proposed BP-HMM model was 98%, which was better than that of the BP and HMM models. In the Car to Car Rear moving (CCRm) and Car to Car Rear braking (CCRb) tests, the minimum relative distance between the following vehicle and the front vehicle was within the range of 1.5 m–2.7 m and 2.63 m–5.28 m, respectively. The proposed AEB model has better collision avoidance performance than the traditional AEB model and can adapt to individual drivers. Document type: Article
Abstract
Driver’s intention of the front vehicle plays an important role in the automatic emergency braking (AEB) system. If the front vehicle brakes suddenly, there is potential [...]
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Dynamic Origin-Destination Matrix Estimation Based on Urban Rail Transit AFC Data: Deep Optimization Framework with Forward Passing and Backpropagation Techniques
Y. Yang, J. Liu, P. Shang, X. Xu, C. Chen

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 304

Abstract
At present, the existing dynamic OD estimation methods in an urban rail transit network still need to be improved in the factors of the time-dependent characteristics of the system and the estimation accuracy of the results. This study focuses on predicting the dynamic OD demand for a time of period in the future for an urban rail transit system. We propose a nonlinear programming model to predict the dynamic OD matrix based on historic automatic fare collection (AFC) data. This model assigns the passenger flow to the hierarchical flow network, which can be calibrated by backpropagation of the first-order gradients and reassignment of the passenger flow with the updated weights between different layers. The proposed model can predict the time-varying OD matrix, the number of passengers departing at each time, and the travel time spent by passengers, of which the results are shown in the case study. Finally, the results indicate that the proposed model can effectively obtain a relatively accurate estimation result. The proposed model can integrate more traffic characteristics than traditional methods and provides an effective and hierarchical passenger flow estimation framework. This study can provide a rich set of passenger demand for advanced transit planning and management applications, for instance, passenger flow control, adaptive travel demand management, and real-time train scheduling. Document type: Article
Abstract
At present, the existing dynamic OD estimation methods in an urban rail transit network still need to be improved in the factors of the time-dependent characteristics of the [...]
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Application of Least Squares with Conditional Equations Method for Railway Track Inventory Using GNSS Observations
J. Skibicki, R. Licow, K. Czaplewski, W. Koc, Z. Wisniewski, K. Karwowski, A. Wilk, M. Specht, B. Czaplewski, P. Dabrowski, C. Specht, J. Szmagliński, P. Chrostowski, S. Judek, S. Grulkowski

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 303

Abstract
Satellite geodetic networks are commonly used in surveying tasks, but they can also be used in mobile surveys. Mobile satellite surveys can be used for trackage inventory, diagnostics and design. The combination of modern technological solutions with the adaptation of research methods known in other fields of science offers an opportunity to acquire highly accurate solutions for railway track inventory. This article presents the effects of work carried out using a mobile surveying platform on which Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers were mounted. The satellite observations (surveys) obtained were aligned using one of the methods known from classical land surveying. The records obtained during the surveying campaign on a 246th km railway track section were subjected to alignment. This article provides a description of the surveying campaign necessary to obtain measurement data and a theoretical description of the method employed to align observation results as well as their visualisation. Document type: Article
Abstract
Satellite geodetic networks are commonly used in surveying tasks, but they can also be used in mobile surveys. Mobile satellite surveys can be used for trackage inventory, [...]
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Coordinated Headway-Based Control Method to Improve Public Transit Reliability considering Control Points Layout
S. Liang, J. Zhao, T. Zhao, H. Zhang, S. He

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 302

Abstract
The headway-based control method is usually used to regulate the bus headways and improve reliability of public transit. In general, the holding control strategy is applied at the control point, because enough space for dwell longer at the control point is required, while the stop-skipping control strategy can be used at any bus stop. However, in the headway-based control method, too much stop-skipping will bring longer waiting time and make the passengers impatient. The number and distribution of control points for stop-skipping are not considered in previous self-equalizing bus headway control works. Therefore, in this paper, the control points selection rules for stop-skipping involving their number and distribution on the bus route are discussed. A second by second discrete system is formulated to describe the bus operation. In the proposed control method, the threshold value for activating stop-skipping strategy is raised, avoiding provoking much additional waiting time because of boarding rejected. In the numerical analysis, a set of cases are conducted to evaluate the performance of control method under different number and distribution of control points for stop-skipping. The numerical results show that distribution of control points for stop-skipping has a greater influence on the public transit than the number. Document type: Article
Abstract
The headway-based control method is usually used to regulate the bus headways and improve reliability of public transit. In general, the holding control strategy is applied [...]
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Improving Driver Assistance in Intelligent Transportation Systems: An Agent-Based Evidential Reasoning Approach
M. Benalla, H. Hrimech, B. Achchab

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 301

Abstract
Providing accurate real-time traffic information is an inherent problem for intelligent transportation systems (ITS). In order to improve the knowledge base of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), ITS are strongly concerned with data fusion techniques of all kinds of sensors deployed over the traffic network. Driver assistance is devoid of a comprehensive evidential reasoning system on contextual information, more specifically when a combination involves inside and outside sensory information of the driving environment. In this paper, we propose a novel agent-based evidential reasoning system using contextual information. Based on a series of information handling techniques, specifically, the belief functions theory and heuristic inference operations to achieve a consensus about daily driving activity in automatically inferring. That is quite different from other existing proposals, as it deals jointly with the driving behavior and the driving environment conditions. A case study including various scenarios of experiments is introduced to estimate behavioral information based on synthetic data for prediction, prescription, and policy analysis. Our experiments show promising, thought-provoking results encouraging further research. Document type: Article
Abstract
Providing accurate real-time traffic information is an inherent problem for intelligent transportation systems (ITS). In order to improve the knowledge base of advanced driver [...]
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Consequences of Transport Low-Carbon Transitions and the Carbon, Land and Water Footprints of Different Fuel Options in The Netherlands
W. Gerbens-Leenes, K. Holtz

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 300

Abstract
Transport greenhouse gas emissions are mainly caused by the use of fossil fuels, e.g., gasoline and diesel. This case study for The Netherlands calculates how alternative fuels, e.g., electricity, hydrogen or biofuels, contribute to policy aims to decarbonize transport. Alternative fuels, produced in various ways, have different carbon (CF), land (LFs) and water footprints (WFs). This study assesses CFs, LFs and WFs for fuels (kgCO"sub"2"/sub"e/m"sup"2"/sup"/m"sup"3"/sup" per GJ), showing differences among fuels dependent on primary energy sources. It calculates CFs, LFs and WFs for four scenarios with different fuels. The biofuel scenario is not attractive. CFs slightly decrease, while LFs and WFs increase enormously. The electricity scenario has small CFs and the smallest LFs and WFs, but this is only when using wind or solar energy. If storage is needed and hydrogen is produced using wind energy, CFs double from 3055 to 7074 kg CO"sub"2"/sub"e, LFs increase from 15 × 10"sup"6"/sup" to 43 × 10"sup"6"/sup" m"sup"2"/sup" and WFs from 3 × 10"sup"6"/sup" to 37 × 10"sup"6"/sup" m"sup"3"/sup" compared to the electricity scenario. The case study shows that wise fuel choices contribute to policy aims to decarbonize transport, although LFs and WFs are also important to consider. These case study results are relevant for sustainable transportation transitions worldwide. Document type: Article
Abstract
Transport greenhouse gas emissions are mainly caused by the use of fossil fuels, e.g., gasoline and diesel. This case study for The Netherlands calculates how alternative [...]
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Problems of Sustainable Transport of Large-Sized Roundwood
M. Wieruszewski, K. Mydlarz

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 299

Abstract
When considering the economic and environmental aspects of forestry, especially the issues related to timber harvesting, emphasis should be placed on the importance of the availability of raw material resources for the sustainable flow of goods. It would also be difficult to disregard certain issues related to transport, which play a key role in the efficient flow of wooden raw materials. It has to be noticed that timber transport options are limited by a number of factors, including the considerable fragmentation of wood resources and the lack of adequately developed railway transport facilities. This paper focuses on issues related to the road transport of timber carried out by transport companies. Observations to date of large-sized roundwood (thicker than 14 cm and longer than 3 m) transport in Poland indicate a relatively frequent occurrence of overloaded vehicles, exceeding the permissible total weight limit. Empirical evidence also suggests that in many cases, it is an effect of improperly endorsed standards with regard to the density of the transported material. Moreover, there is a clear correlation between the loading volume and economic as well as environmental factors. Therefore, the aim of this article was to show both the current situation in the transport of bulky timber and to present the possibilities for its optimization, from the point of view of locational, economic and environmental factors. Document type: Article
Abstract
When considering the economic and environmental aspects of forestry, especially the issues related to timber harvesting, emphasis should be placed on the importance of the [...]
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Intelligent Video Surveillance Technology in Intelligent Transportation
F. He

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 298

Abstract
Along with the strength of the country’s overall strength, the people’s pockets have become more and more popular, and there have been significant improvements in all aspects of life, especially in terms of travel methods. This reflects the increase in residents’ income, but it also brings huge traffic pressure. In the long run, traffic congestion is not only detrimental to urban development, but frequent traffic accidents threaten residents’ travel safety. Effective monitoring methods are essential to solving these problems, so it is necessary to carry out research on intelligent video monitoring technology in intelligent transportation. The purpose of this article is to solve the current situation of excessive traffic pressure in the city. Through the study of intelligent video surveillance technology in intelligent traffic, the use of constrained least squares algorithm to remove motion blur and apply Kalan filtering to the sharpening process is used to eliminate noise ambiguity and make a brief introduction to various classic moving target detection methods to realize real-time monitoring of intelligent traffic conditions and continuously adjust and verify the monitoring situation, and then establish intelligent video in intelligent traffic monitoring technology research system. The research results show that this kind of intelligent video surveillance technology research in intelligent transportation can effectively increase the awareness of intelligent video surveillance technology and improve the level of intelligent video surveillance technology. The data measurement time has been shortened by one hour, the aggregation time has been changed from three hours to two hours, and the analysis time has been shortened by half. Eased urban traffic road pressure and greatly reduced the incidence of traffic accidents, which is conducive to socialist harmony social construction. Document type: Article
Abstract
Along with the strength of the country’s overall strength, the people’s pockets have become more and more popular, and there have been significant improvements in all [...]
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Simultaneous Incomplete Traffic Data Imputation and Similarity Pattern Discovery with Bayesian Nonparametric Tensor Decomposition
Y. Han, Z. He

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 297

Abstract
A crucial task in traffic data analysis is similarity pattern discovery, which is of great importance to urban mobility understanding and traffic management. Recently, a wide range of methods for similarities discovery have been proposed and the basic assumption of them is that traffic data is complete. However, missing data problem is inevitable in traffic data collection process due to a variety of reasons. In this paper, we propose the Bayesian nonparametric tensor decomposition (BNPTD) to achieve incomplete traffic data imputation and similarity pattern discovery simultaneously. BNPTD is a hierarchical probabilistic model, which is comprised of Bayesian tensor decomposition and Dirichlet process mixture model. Furthermore, we develop an efficient variational inference algorithm to learn the model. Extensive experiments were conducted on a smart card dataset collected in Guangzhou, China, demonstrating the effectiveness of our methods. It should be noted that the proposed BNPTD is universal and can also be applied to other spatiotemporal traffic data. Document type: Article
Abstract
A crucial task in traffic data analysis is similarity pattern discovery, which is of great importance to urban mobility understanding and traffic management. Recently, a wide [...]
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Advancing Applied Research in High Volume Transport in Low-Income Countries in Africa and South Asia
B. Obika, B. Thompson

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 296

Abstract
The Department for International Development (DFID) is funding the High Volume Transport (HVT) Applied Research Programme. This programme is an integral component of the UK response to delivering transport and mobility that is accessible, efficient, safe, and green in the low-income countries (LICs) in Africa and South Asia. The first part of the HVT programme produced an up-to-date and comprehensive state of knowledge on high volume transport in these countries. This Special Issue presents a selection of papers to cover key research priorities identified in road and rail transport, low carbon transport, and gender and inclusive transport. The state of knowledge has produced a sound basis for setting priorities for applied research in the second part of the programme. Applied research is directed to delivering high volume transport that contributes to economic growth and social development, and that is more resilient to the impact of climate change in LICs in Africa and South Asia. Document type: Article
Abstract
The Department for International Development (DFID) is funding the High Volume Transport (HVT) Applied Research Programme. This programme is an integral component of the UK [...]
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Modeling the Charging Behaviors for Electric Vehicles Based on Ternary Symmetric Kernel Density Estimation
L. Chen, X. Huang, H. Zhang

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 295

Abstract
The accurate modeling of the charging behaviors for electric vehicles (EVs) is the basis for the charging load modeling, the charging impact on the power grid, orderly charging strategy, and planning of charging facilities. Therefore, an accurate joint modeling approach of the arrival time, the staying time, and the charging capacity for the EVs charging behaviors in the work area based on ternary symmetric kernel density estimation (KDE) is proposed in accordance with the actual data. First and foremost, a data transformation model is established by considering the boundary bias of the symmetric KDE in order to carry out normal transformation on distribution to be estimated from all kinds of dimensions to the utmost extent. Then, a ternary symmetric KDE model and an optimum bandwidth model are established to estimate the transformed data. Moreover, an estimation evaluation model is also built to transform simulated data that are generated on a certain scale with the Monte Carlo method by means of inverse transformation, so that the fitting level of the ternary symmetric KDE model can be estimated. According to simulation results, a higher fitting level can be achieved by the ternary symmetric KDE method proposed in this paper, in comparison to the joint estimation method based on the edge KDE and the ternary t-Copula function. Moreover, data transformation can effectively eliminate the boundary effect of symmetric KDE. Document type: Article
Abstract
The accurate modeling of the charging behaviors for electric vehicles (EVs) is the basis for the charging load modeling, the charging impact on the power grid, orderly charging [...]
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Vehicle Trajectory Prediction by Knowledge-Driven LSTM Network in Urban Environments
S. Wang, P. Zhao, B. Yu, H. Liang, W. Huang

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 294

Abstract
An accurate prediction of future trajectories of surrounding vehicles can ensure safe and reasonable interaction between intelligent vehicles and other types of vehicles. Vehicle trajectories are not only constrained by a priori knowledge about road structure, traffic signs, and traffic rules but also affected by posterior knowledge about different driving styles of drivers. The existing prediction models cannot fully combine the prior and posterior knowledge in the driving scene and perform well only in a specific traffic scenario. This paper presents a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network driven by knowledge. First, a driving knowledge base is constructed to describe the prior knowledge about a driving scenario. Then, the prediction reference baseline (PRB) based on driving knowledge base is determined by using the rule-based online reasoning system. Finally, the future trajectory of the target vehicle is predicted by an LSTM neural network based on the prediction reference baseline, while the predicted trajectory considers both posterior and prior knowledge without increasing the computation complexity. The experimental results show that the proposed trajectory prediction model can adapt to different driving scenarios and predict trajectories with high accuracy due to the unique combination of the prior and posterior knowledge in the driving scene. Document type: Article
Abstract
An accurate prediction of future trajectories of surrounding vehicles can ensure safe and reasonable interaction between intelligent vehicles and other types of vehicles. [...]
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Comparing of Data Collection for Network Level Pavement Management of Urban Roads and Highways
L. Yue, Z. Xu, H. Wang

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 292

Abstract
Pavement condition data are collected by agencies to support pavement management system (PMS) for decision-making purpose as well as to construct performance model. The cost of pavement data collection increases with the increase of survey frequencies. However, a lower monitoring frequency could lead to unreliable maintenance decisions. It is necessary to understand the influence of monitoring frequencies on maintenance decision by considering the reliability of performance prediction models. Because of different maintenance conditions of urban roads and highways, their performance show different trends. In this paper, the influence of pavement monitoring frequency on the pavement performance models was investigated. The results indicate that low collection frequencies may result in delay in maintenance action by overestimating pavement performance. The collection frequency for Pavement Condition Index (PCI) can be reduced without compromising the accuracy of performance model, more work should be done to ensure the PCI data quality, thus to guarantee the rationality of maintenance decisions. Effect of frequency reduction on pavement performance (IRI) models of urban roads seems greater than on pavement performance (IRI) models of highways, which may lead to heavier monitoring work for urban roads management. This paper provided an example which demonstrated how a comparative analysis can be performed to determine whether the current data collection plan can provide sufficient data for time series analysis. Document type: Article
Abstract
Pavement condition data are collected by agencies to support pavement management system (PMS) for decision-making purpose as well as to construct performance model. The cost [...]
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Analyzing Household Vehicle Ownership in the Japanese Local City: Case Study in Toyota City
Y. Nishihori, H. Kato, R. Ando, J. Yang

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 291

Abstract
This study aims to understand the crucial factors affecting vehicle ownership in the local city, Japan. 14,855 household sample data in Toyota City are used as the research sample. The sample data are extracted from the 5th Person Trip Survey data in the Chukyo region. First, the unknown annual income is complemented by using an ordered probit model. Then, a trivariate ordered probit model is utilized to analyze ownership of light motor vehicles, ordinary motor vehicles, and small trucks simultaneously. To estimate unknown parameters effectively and efficiently, one type of Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods called the Gibbs Sampler algorithm is applied in this study. The significant findings suggest the following: (1) the annual income only affects the ownership of ordinary motor vehicles; (2) a household with a 60-year-old or older householder is more likely to own small trucks, compared to that with a householder below the age of 60; (3) the population density negatively affects the number of light motor vehicles and that of small trucks; (4) there is a substitution effect of vehicle ownership between light motor vehicles and small trucks. Document type: Article
Abstract
This study aims to understand the crucial factors affecting vehicle ownership in the local city, Japan. 14,855 household sample data in Toyota City are used as the research [...]
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Impact of Urban Undersea Tunnel Longitudinal Slope on the Visual Characteristics of Drivers
S. Wang, Z. Du, F. Jiao, L. Yang, Y. Ni

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 290

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the impact of the urban undersea tunnel longitudinal slope on the visual characteristics of drivers. 20 drivers were enrolled to conduct the real vehicle test of the urban undersea tunnel. First, the data of average fixation time and visual lobe were collected by an eye tracker. The differential significance was tested using the one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Then, the difference between the up-and-down slope (direction) factor and the longitudinal slope (percent) factor on the two indexes were analyzed using the two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Second, by constructing a Lorentz model, the impact of the longitudinal slope on the average fixation time and the visual lobe were analyzed. Besides, a three-dimensional model of the longitudinal slope, average fixation time, and visual lobe was quantified. The results showed that the average fixation time and visual lobe under different longitudinal slopes markedly differed when driving on the uphill and downhill sections. The average fixation time and visual lobe under two factors were markedly different. Moreover, with an increase in the longitudinal slope, the average fixation time exhibited a trend of increasing first then decreasing; the visual lobe exhibited a trend of decreasing first and then increasing. The average fixation time reached the minimum and maximum value when the slope was 2.15% and 4.0%, whereas the visual lobe reached the maximum and minimum value when the slope was 2.88% and 4.0%. Overall, the longitudinal slope exerted a great impact on the visual load of the driver. Document type: Article
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the impact of the urban undersea tunnel longitudinal slope on the visual characteristics of drivers. 20 drivers were enrolled to conduct the [...]
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Comparing Spatial Accessibility and Travel Time Prediction to Commercial Centres by Private and Public Transport: A Case Study of Oforikrom District
W. Osei-wusu, J. Quaye-Ballard, N. Quaye-Ballard, A. Arko-Adjei, T. Antwi

Collection of open articles in transport research (2020). Vol. 2020, 288

Abstract
The relevance of accessibility in shaping transport planning has often been neglected, hampering on decisions to improve transport efficiency. This is increasingly becoming problematic, as they often impede on economic and technological developments. Many studies on accessibility assert that it is easier for public transport to reach an activity centre than it is for private transport. For this reason, the research compares travel time forecast and accessibility levels with private and public transports en route to commercial centres. The research involves a 21-day transport survey for private cars and public shuttles in Oforikrom district using Global Positioning System (GPS) probe to record the traffic performance indicators to be analyzed in a GIS environment. The results of the study display on a map the level of accessibility via the modes, and a comparative line plot of travel time with private and public transport. The study reveals that private cars in the district generally perform better than public shuttles on the level of accessibility, and travel time. The execution of the research shows that the convergence of choice of transport mode and travel time dynamics is crucial for policymakers to implement diverse transport modes and commuters to choose a mode that has low accessibility cost. Document type: Article
Abstract
The relevance of accessibility in shaping transport planning has often been neglected, hampering on decisions to improve transport efficiency. This is increasingly becoming [...]
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