Documents published in 2016 : Scipedia

Nuevo concepto de puente de vigas hinchables ligero, modular y portátil
C. Estruch, E. Oñate, B. Suárez, J. Marcipar

Eugenio Oñate's Monographs (2016). Monografía CIMNE Nº-164

Abstract
En la presente tesis doctoral se propone desarrollar, construir y validar experimentalmente un nuevo Concepto de Puente de Vigas Hinchables Ligero, Modular y Portátil (PVH-LMP) para el transporte en supercie de vehículos, que utiliza como elemento b asico estructural para aguantar las cargas vigas hinchadas con aire a baja presión fabricadas con tejidos compuestos de altas prestaciones.
Abstract
En la presente tesis doctoral se propone desarrollar, construir y validar experimentalmente un nuevo Concepto de Puente de Vigas Hinchables Ligero, Modular y Portátil [...]
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Advances in the DEM and coupled DEM and FEM techniques in non linear solid mechanics
E. Oñate, F. Zárate, M. Celigueta, J. González, J. Miquel, J. Carbonell, F. Arrufat, S. Latorre, M. Santasusana

Eugenio Oñate's Research Reports (2018).

Abstract
In this chapter we present recent advances in the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and in the coupling of the DEM with the Finite Element Method (FEM) for solving a variety of problems in non linear solid mechanics involving damage, plasticity and multifracture situations.
Abstract
In this chapter we present recent advances in the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and in the coupling of the DEM with the Finite Element Method (FEM) for solving a variety of [...]
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Application of an enhanced discrete element method to oil and gas drilling processes
P. Ubach, F. Arrufat, L. Ring, R. Gandikota, F. Zárate, E. Oñate

(2015). Vol. 3(1) pp. 39-4 (preprint)

Abstract
The authors present results on the use of the discrete element method (DEM) for the simulation of drilling processes typical in the oil and gas exploration industry. The numerical method uses advanced DEM techniques using a local deﬁnition of the DEM parameters and combined FEM-DEM procedures. This paper presents a step by step procedure to build a DEM model for analysis of the soil region coupled to a FEM model for discretizing the drilling tool that reproduces the drilling mechanics of a particular drill bit. A parameter study has been performed to determine the model parameters in order to maintain accurate solutions with reduced computational cost.
Abstract
The authors present results on the use of the discrete element method (DEM) for the simulation of drilling processes typical in the oil and gas exploration industry. The numerical [...]
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An accurate FIC-FEM formulation for the 1D convection-diffusion-reaction equation
E. Oñate, J. Miquel, P. Nadukandi

(2016). Vol. 298() pp. 373-406

Abstract
In this paper we present an accurate stabilized FIC-FEM formulation for the 1D advection-diffusion-reaction equation in the exponential and propagation regimes using two stabilization parameters. Both the steady-state and transient solutions are considered. The stabilized formulation is based on the standard Galerkin FEM solution of the governing differential equations derived via the Finite Increment Calculus (FIC) method. The steady-state problem is considered first. The optimal value of the two stabilization parameters ensuring an exact (nodal) FEM solution using uniform meshes of linear 2-noded elements is obtained. In the absence of the absorption term the formulation simplifies to the standard one-parameter Petrov-Galerkin method for the advection-diffusion problem. For the diffusion-reaction case one stabilization parameter is just needed and the diffusion-type stabilization term is identical to that obtained by Felippa and O˜ nate [16] using a variational FIC approach. A procedure for computing the stabilization parameters for the transient problem is proposed. The accuracy of the new FIC-FEM formulation is demonstrated in the solution of steady-state and transient 1D advection-diffusion-radiation problems for a the range of physical parameters and boundary conditions. Finally we outline the procedure to extend the 1D FIC-FEM formulation to multidimensions.
Abstract
In this paper we present an accurate stabilized FIC-FEM formulation for the 1D advection-diffusion-reaction equation in the exponential and propagation regimes using two stabilization [...]
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A FEM-DEM technique for studying the motion of particles in non-Newtonian fluids. Application to the transport of drill cuttings in wellbores
M. Celigueta, K. Deshpande, S. Latorre, E. Oñate

(2016). Vol. 3(2) pp. 263-276 (preprint)

Abstract
We present a procedure for coupling the finite element method (FEM) and the discrete element method (DEM) for analysis of the motion of particles in non-Newtonian fluids. Particles are assumed to be spherical and immersed in the fluid mesh. A new method for computing the drag force on the particles in a non-Newtonian fluid is presented. A drag force correction for non-spherical particles is proposed. The FEM-DEM coupling procedure is explained for Eulerian and Lagrangian flows and the basic expressions of the discretized solution algorithm are given. The usefulness of the FEM-DEM technique is demonstrated in its application to the transport of drill cuttings in wellbores.
Abstract
We present a procedure for coupling the finite element method (FEM) and the discrete element method (DEM) for analysis of the motion of particles in non-Newtonian fluids. [...]
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Unified Lagrangian formulation for solid and fluid mechanics and FSI problems
A. Franci, E. Oñate, J. Carbonell

(2016). Vol. 107(11) pp. 970-990 (preprint)

Abstract
We present a Lagrangian monolithic strategy for solving fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems. The formulation is called Unified because fluids and solids are solved using the same solution scheme and unknown variables. The method is based on a mixed velocity-pressure formulation. Each time step increment is solved via an iterative partitioned two-step procedure. The Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) is used for solving the fluid parts of the domain, while for the solid ones the Finite Element Method (FEM) is employed. Both velocity and pressure fields are interpolated using linear shape functions. For quasiincompressible materials, the solution scheme is stabilized via the Finite Calculus (FIC) method. The stabilized elements for quasi-incompressible hypoelastic solids and Newtonian fluids are called VPS/S-element and VPS/F-element, respectively. Other two non-stabilized elements are derived for hypoelastic solids. One is based on a Velocity formulation (V-element) and the other on a mixed Velocity-Pressure scheme (VP-element). The algorithms for coupling the solid elements with the VPS/F fluid element are explained in detail. The Unified formulation is validated by solving benchmark FSI problems and by comparing the numerical solution to the ones published in the literature.
Abstract
We present a Lagrangian monolithic strategy for solving fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems. The formulation is called Unified because fluids and solids are solved [...]
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Combination of a non-local damage model for quasi-brittle materials with a mesh-adaptive finite element technique
I. de-Pouplana, E. Oñate

(2016). Vol. 112 pp. 26-39 (preprint)

Abstract
Progressive fracture in quasi-brittle materials is often treated via strain softening models in continuum damage mechanics. Such constitutive relations favour spurious strain localization and ill-posedness of boundary value problems. The introduction of non-local damage models together with a characteristic length parameter controlling the size of the fracture process zone is known to regularize the problem. In order to account for the non-locality of these models, it is crucial to work with fine spatial discretizations at the damage progress zone. In this paper we present a non-local damage model in combination with a mesh-adaptive finite element technique that can help automatize the analysis of progressive fracture problems in an efficient manner. Classical two-dimensional examples are given to illustrate the presented approach.
Abstract
Progressive fracture in quasi-brittle materials is often treated via strain softening models in continuum damage mechanics. Such constitutive relations favour spurious strain [...]
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Finite increment calculus (FIC). A framework for deriving enhanced computational methods in mechanics
E. Oñate

(2016). Vol. 3 pp. 14 (preprint)

Abstract
In this paper we present an overview of the possibilities of the ﬁnite increment calculus (FIC) approach for deriving computational methods in mechanics with improved numerical properties for stability and accuracy. The basic concepts of the FIC procedure are presented in its application to problems of advection-diﬀusion-reaction, ﬂuid mechanics and ﬂuid-structure interaction solved with the ﬁnite element method (FEM). Examples of the good features of the FIC/FEM technique for solving some of these problems are given. A brief outline of the possibilities of the FIC/FEM approach for error estimation and mesh adaptivity is given.
Abstract
In this paper we present an overview of the possibilities of the ﬁnite increment calculus (FIC) approach for deriving computational methods in mechanics with improved numerical [...]
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Strengthening concrete beams with fiberglass reinforced polymer layers
A. Busnelli, R. López, J. Adue

Gaceta Técnica (2017). Vol. 16

Abstract
Through this article the study being done at the Faculty of Engineering of Rosario, referring to the use of sheets pultruded Reinforced Polymer Fiberglass (GRP) to increase the bending strength of reinforced concrete beams is presented, THESE layers are one of the elements of compound materials most commonly used in these type of reinforcements. The material most widely distributed worldwide that constitutes it is the carbon fibers, but its high cost discourages the use in the repair of structures in the Argentine market. One of the goals of this research program is to check the possibility of replacing such sheets by fiberglass elements of Argentinean production and significantly cheaper. The results of the tests demonstrated the feasibility of this alternative. In addition, the increased thickness of the sheets of fiberglass allows the use of additional bolted anchors, which give the system supporting capacity post critical and ductility, much needed features, for example, for structures in seismic zone.
Abstract
Through this article the study being done at the Faculty of Engineering of Rosario, referring to the use of sheets pultruded Reinforced Polymer Fiberglass (GRP) to increase [...]
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Overview of I Research Day Civil Engineering and Urban Planning UCLA 2015
J. Rincón

Gaceta Técnica (1970). Vol. 16

Abstract
Through this essay, the events of the First Day of Civil Engineering Research and Urban Planning 2015 UCLA are detailed which was developed during the 15 and 16 of March 2016, in the premises of the school of Civil Engineering, of the Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado. Papers Allusive to research related to civil engineering, specifically in the areas of structures, water and wastewater, construction engineering, and applied to engineering education, were presented. With a total of fourteen approved presentations and four lectures given by experts in the different topics addressed
Abstract
Through this essay, the events of the First Day of Civil Engineering Research and Urban Planning 2015 UCLA are detailed which was developed during the 15 and 16 of March 2016, [...]
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Mobile technology in civil engineering programs
I. Barrios

Gaceta Técnica (1970). Vol. 16

Abstract
Today it is evident the use of technologies in all activities people do, becoming an inevitable phenomena socially, at work and educational. In terms of work, one can see how companies are using technologies as tools to do many activities inside and outside of it like the use of mobile dispositive enhancing new managerial models like the company mobility. The new organizational models are making civil engineering programs to point out the skills students should have during a professional training in order to fulfill in an organization with a company mobility model. It is also important to consider the competences of students that have been conceived by the effect of technological developments, where you can see Students that use and receive information in a very fast way, prefer and plan networking, apply and multitask parallel processes, and are able to handle any devices, in special Mobile, among other attributes. These characteristics activate in students the BYOD Principle, which strengthen their technological skills within the university context, inducing students in civil engineering, to learn the culture of bringing their own device to the learning environment before being transferred to the employment context, important attribute Faced with the adoption of enterprise mobility model.
Abstract
Today it is evident the use of technologies in all activities people do, becoming an inevitable phenomena socially, at work and educational. In terms of work, one can see [...]
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Rigid pavement design through structural dimensioning based in finite element method
G. Pannillo, A. Barrios, E. Morles

Gaceta Técnica (1970). Vol. 16

Abstract
Mechanistic Methods are an excellent option when designing Structural Elements, due, among other things, to the precision simulating load conditions, the properties of the materials and support conditions. Depending on the nature of the situation to study, solving systems of equations generated from mathematical models of the phenomenon is often complex, these is why Numerical Methods are vital to get to these solutions. This research proposes the use of Finite Element Method to help in the structural dimensioning of rigid pavements, taking as example a stretch of the road network that is part of the Mass Transit System of Barquisimeto, Transbar, C.A (Transbarca). When getting the dimensioning of the pavement structure based on traffic information , conditions of foundation soil and the type of concrete used for the slab, according to the original project, the thickness of a rigid carpet was obtained similar to the one obtained when applying the AASHTO 86 Method. This Allows that the Method used in this research be validated when placed against the method most used in Venezuela for pavement design.
Abstract
Mechanistic Methods are an excellent option when designing Structural Elements, due, among other things, to the precision simulating load conditions, the properties of the [...]
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Rehabilitation of building affected by the Ecuador s earthquake of 16 april 2016 in the ULEAM
R. Aguiar, F. Castillo, J. Mizobe, P. Mendoza

Gaceta Técnica (2017). Vol. 16

Abstract
After the earthquake of April 16, 2016 in Ecuador, the first building to be rehabilitated was the Faculty of Computer Science Campus of the University Laica Eloy Alfaro of Manabi (ULEAM), which had moderate damage in the walls due They were not straight and severe damage to the walls of the tier. For Reconstruction these walls were replaced that were made of block or brick with plaster walls flexible and lightweight. In this article it is presented the good behavior plaster walls had in contrast to the brick or block walls, detailing also, some constructive aspects on the correct way of installing. Finally, UN Spectral analysis of the structure was performed using the spectrum of the earthquake of April 16, 2016, magnitude 7.8, obtained in Manta. In the studied structure, lateral displacements and floors drifts were found. To associate with the latter value with the nonexistence of structural damage and solo moderate damage in the masonry of the classrooms and offices and Severe in the stands. Subsequently a new seismic analysis was made considering weight reduction by changing the material of the walls, determining the best seismic behavior UN.
Abstract
After the earthquake of April 16, 2016 in Ecuador, the first building to be rehabilitated was the Faculty of Computer Science Campus of the University Laica Eloy Alfaro of [...]
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Infrastructure, research and academia in trouble times
R. Chacón

Gaceta Técnica (1970). Vol. 16

Abstract
Editorial: Infraestructuras, investigación y academia en tiempos revueltos
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Design axial load in columns of concentrically braced frames
E. Tapia-Hernandez, R. Cid

Revista Internacional de Desastres Naturales, Accidentes e Infraestructura Civil (2017). Vol. 17, 1

Abstract
A study of the variation in axial loads on columns of braced bays along earthquake is presented. Studied columns belong to regular building of 10-, 14- and 18- stories structured with moment-resisting ductile braced steel frames in a chevron configuration. Subject buildings were analyzed under 10 artificial records which were scaled according to the design spectrum for soft soils. The results were compared with published methodologies to estimate the design axial load in columns. Based on the results, a methodology for estimating the design axial load in columns of moment-resisting braced frames is proposed.
Abstract
A study of the variation in axial loads on columns of braced bays along earthquake is presented. Studied columns belong to regular building of 10-, 14- and 18- stories structured [...]
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Registro histórico de cambios en la morfología fluvial del río Jesús María provocando el colapso del sistema de acceso de un puente
M. Pagot, C. Gerbaudo, M. Zeballos

Revista Internacional de Desastres Naturales, Accidentes e Infraestructura Civil (2016). Vol. 16, 1

Abstract
En este trabajo se presenta un análisis multitemporal del emplazamiento de las márgenes de un tramo del río Jesús María en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. El objetivo principal fue registrar, durante el periodo 2002 a 2015, los procesos fluviales de erosión y sedimentación que se produjeron en esta área durante las crecientes del río y que provocaron en dos ocasiones, durante los años 2010 y 2015, el colapso del sistema de apoyo y de acceso al puente sobre Ruta Nacional 9, respectivamente. Se trabajó con la premisa de aportar elementos técnicos para la reparación de los daños producidos. Se realizó un análisis hidro-geo-morfológico del área basado en percepción remota y sistema de información geográfica, y se generaron mapas de los cambios morfológicos del tramo en estudio registrando los máximos desplaza-mientos de las barrancas. Como resultado, se cuantificó un área erosionada de 6 Ha y un área sedimentada de 1 Ha. A partir de este seguimiento satelital se estimó un desplazamiento máximo de 90 metros.
Abstract
En este trabajo se presenta un análisis multitemporal del emplazamiento de las márgenes de un tramo del río Jesús María en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. El objetivo [...]
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Análisis y modelo hidráulico (2D) de flujos hiperconcentrados en piedemonde occidental de la Sierra de Ambato, Catamarca, Argentina
M. Eder, O. Barbeito, S. Ambrosino, G. Hillman, G. Moya, A. Rodriguez

Revista Internacional de Desastres Naturales, Accidentes e Infraestructura Civil (2016). Vol. 16, 1

Abstract
Los flujos de sedimentos hiperconcentrados se pueden clasificar eninundaciones de barro, flujos de barro y flujo de escombros. Estos flujos se diferencian por la reología de la mezcla agua-sedimento. En los flujos de barro los esfuerzos que domina el fenómeno son el límite elástico y el esfuerzo viscoso. Un modelo reológico cuadrático permite simular adecuadamente condiciones de flujos que van desde aguas claras hasta flujos hiperconcentrados de sedimentos. En este trabajo se analiza un evento hidrológico severo con flujo de barro ocurrido recientemente en Siján, Catamarca, Argentina aplicando el modelo de simulación (FLO-2D) de diferencias finitas.
Abstract
Los flujos de sedimentos hiperconcentrados se pueden clasificar eninundaciones de barro, flujos de barro y flujo de escombros. Estos flujos se diferencian por la reología [...]
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Adaptación de un método de optimización multiobjetivo para modelos de pronóstico de inundaciones
F. Alonso, N. Moine, L. Oudin, P. Ribstein, J. Bertoni

Revista Internacional de Desastres Naturales, Accidentes e Infraestructura Civil (2016). Vol. 16, 1

Abstract
Los métodos de optimización multi-objetivo tienen diversas aplicacionesen la ingeniería. En particular, en la hidrología son una herramienta de gran valor para encontrar un conjunto de soluciones de compromiso para dos objetivos hidrológicos cualesquiera en conflicto. Por su parte, los modelos de pronóstico hidrológico se emplean durante un evento lluvioso con el fin de predecir el caudal que se producirá en una sección de un río con un cierto tiempo de anticipación (horizonte de pronóstico).Como información de entrada suelen utilizar la lluvia y el caudal de la sección de interés, registrados en tiempo real. Sin embargo, durante un evento de gran magnitud, algunos sistemas de pronóstico experimentan una degradación en la calidad de los caudales observados en tiempo real, y en ciertos casos se produce incluso pérdida de dicha información. Cuando la cadena de transmisión de datos hidrometeorológicos (redpluviométrica e hidrométrica) a tiempo real falla, el desempeño del modelo puede decaer drásticamente respecto del esperado en un caso real. En particular, si lainformación a tiempo real del último caudal observado se pierde (daño en la estación hidrométrica, o en la red de comunicación, etc.) y no puede ser asimilado, el modelo hidrológico corre en una situación típica de simulación, ejercicio para el cual otro modelo (o el mismo, pero parametrizado de otro modo) podría conducir a resultados más confiables. Por esta razón, un método de optimización multi-objetivo puede ser empleado para encontrar soluciones de compromiso entre ambos criterios. En este trabajo fue llevada a cabo una optimización multi-objetivo del modelo GR4P, mediante el uso del algoritmo MOCOM-UA. Se observó que el método era incapaz de encontrar en todos los experimentos de manera robusta el mismo frente de Pareto, por lo quefueron llevadas a cabo un conjunto de modificaciones al método con el fin de mejorar la robustez. Finalmente, fue posible obtener una versión adaptada del algoritmo MOCOMUA con la cual se llega en los sucesivos experimentos a frentes de Pareto bien semejantes entre sí. Los trabajos fueron realizados sobre una cuenca pequeña de la Bretaña francesa.
Abstract
Los métodos de optimización multi-objetivo tienen diversas aplicacionesen la ingeniería. En particular, en la hidrología son una herramienta de gran valor para encontrar [...]
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Assessment of global seismic design parameters for special moment-resisting steel frames with hysteretic energy dissipation devices
A. Colunga, H. Ramírez

Revista Internacional de Desastres Naturales, Accidentes e Infraestructura Civil (2016). Vol. 16, 1

Abstract
In this paper the authors summarize the most important results of a parametric study devoted to evaluate, using static nonlinear analyses (pushover) and nonlinear dynamic analyses, the seismic behavior of low to medium rise regular special moment-resisting steel frames (SMRSFs) with hysteretic energy dissipation devices mounted on chevron steel bracing. The parameters under study were different: a) building heights, b) the angle of inclination of chevron braces with respect to the horizontal axis (θ), c) elastic stiffness ratios (α) between the moment frame system and the whole structure, d) elastic stiffness balances (β) between the hysteretic device and the supporting braces and, e) post yielding stiffness (K2) for the hysteretic devices. The main objective of this paper is to propose global seismic design parameters (Q, R, Δy and Δu) for ductile steel structures with hysteretic energy dissipation devices which could be easily inserted in current seismic codes of Mexico.
Abstract
In this paper the authors summarize the most important results of a parametric study devoted to evaluate, using static nonlinear analyses (pushover) and nonlinear dynamic [...]
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La enfermedad, el más peligroso de los desastres
E. Molina, A. Mantilla, D. Pérez

Revista Internacional de Desastres Naturales, Accidentes e Infraestructura Civil (2016). Vol. 16, 1

Abstract
Editorial: La enfermedad, el más peligroso de los desastres
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Main skills a construction industry manager must have
R. Herrera, M. Calahorra, J. Cordero

Gaceta Técnica (2017). Vol. 16

Abstract
The role of the project manager is one of the most challenging jobs in any organization because it requires a broad understanding of several areas that need to be coordinated and require interpersonal skills. The objective of the work is to define the main competences that must be possessed by the project managers in the construction industry, and also to present how they could develop them. In order to comply with this, a critical analysis was carried out that includes several studies of experts, and institutions dedicated to this area of engineering. This study concludes that the project manager must have the knowledge, skills and attitudes to handle the specific technical aspects, scope, costs, timing and interrelationship, aligned with the objectives, teamwork and stakeholders, among others. All this in a changing, diverse and transversal environment, generating uncertainty and conflicts to be resolved competently.
Abstract
The role of the project manager is one of the most challenging jobs in any organization because it requires a broad understanding of several areas that need to be coordinated [...]
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Proposal to strengthen educational building ancient II-MOP type. Venezuela
J. Yépez, M. Dikdan, L. Andrade, R. Rojas

Gaceta Técnica (2017). Vol. 16

Abstract
This article presents the study of structural reinforcement for a building of educational use, known as "Old Type II". The school was built before the creation of the Venezuelan SeismoresistantCovenin 1756. The results of the structural analysis showed insufficient responsiveness to service requests, high vulnerability to seismic action and deficiencies in the quantity and distribution of reinforcing steel. For this reason, the reinforcement of the superstructure was proposed by the construction of panel walls, verifying their action on the existing piloting system. For the modeling, the values of resistance of the concrete obtained in the destructive tests made by the materials laboratory of the School of Civil Engineering of the Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado and the soil parameters from the geotechnical study were used.
Abstract
This article presents the study of structural reinforcement for a building of educational use, known as "Old Type II". The school was built before the creation of [...]
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Implementation of virtual construction to improve the planning of works. Use of 4D model in urbanism located in Valencia, Venezuela
Z. Giménez, R. Gutiérrez, G. Hernández

Gaceta Técnica (2017). Vol. 16

Abstract
The construction industry is considered as one of the industries with lower yields, frequent delays and reprogramming. Due to this and to avoid losses of time, costs and inconveniences in the execution, the virtual construction is used, that allows to analyze previously the constructive sequences and the possible interferences between the different activities through a real time scenary according to the programmed schedule . This article shows the implementation of BIM technology in a modular housing development in Venezuela. Four 4D simulations were carried out, two initially due to the original planning and its timely improvement, and two subsequent corresponding to reprogramming due to actual delays in execution due to lack of concrete supply. The main results were: problems of programming logic, interferences between activities, unreal sequences, among others in the first models. As for the models of the reprogramming gave resulting times very similar to reality; This means that the models work both in ideal situations and in situations of uncertainty. Building information modeling solutions introduce a new way of working, based on the creation and use of coherent and coordinated information, wich allows for faster decision making, better documentation and the possibility of predicting the drawbacks Even before the work began.
Abstract
The construction industry is considered as one of the industries with lower yields, frequent delays and reprogramming. Due to this and to avoid losses of time, costs and inconveniences [...]
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Reinforcement of an industrial structure with two types of energy dispensers
R. Aguiar

Gaceta Técnica (2017). Vol. 16

Abstract
This paper presents the reinforcement of a flour storage silo affected by the earthquake of April 16, 2016, in ECUADOR, which had a moment magnitude of 7.8. Immediately after the earthquake carbon fiber was placed in the affected elements and the block masonry was changed with light walls in such a way to continue working. A seismic hazard study was carried out and two uniform seismic hazard spectra were determined for 975 and 2475 years of return period. To reinforce this structure it is proposed to place steel diagonals in the subsoil, in such a way that the loads that are generated go directly to the foundation. On the ground floor will be placed Shear Link power dissipators and on the next floor high TADAS heat sinks. The reinforced structure was analyzed for the spectra obtained in Manta from the earthquake of April 16 and for the two earthquakes of uniform seismic hazard indicated.
Abstract
This paper presents the reinforcement of a flour storage silo affected by the earthquake of April 16, 2016, in ECUADOR, which had a moment magnitude of 7.8. Immediately after [...]
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Structural adequacy for residencial complex in Barquisimeto city. Venezuela
J. Yépez, M. Dikdan, D. Avon, R. Rojas

Gaceta Técnica (2017). Vol. 16

Abstract
The structural analysis and reinforcement project is presented for a city complex consisting of 31 houses with obvious signs of failure, built in the city of Barquisimeto in 2008 on unconstrained land. The results of the analysis showed insufficient responsiveness to service stresses, high seismic vulnerability, and deficiencies in the amount and distribution of reinforcing steel. The reinforcement of the superstructure was proposed by means of the construction of panel walls, and micro piles and / or reinforced solid slab for the infrastructure, using values of resistance of the concrete obtained in the destructive tests, soil parameters from the geotechnical study and the settlements Differentials derived from topographic leveling.
Abstract
The structural analysis and reinforcement project is presented for a city complex consisting of 31 houses with obvious signs of failure, built in the city of Barquisimeto [...]
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Autocontrol procedures proposal on conservation of a road contracts
R. Herrera, F. Medina, D. Nieto, M. Parrini

Gaceta Técnica (2017). Vol. 16

Abstract
With a mixed global contract the maintenance of a road network is carried out, through the simultaneous execution of conservation under the modality to series of unitary prices, and by sum raised by level of service. In the latter, there is a great precariousness in the procedures, due to failures in the contractor's vision of assuming the management of the conservation, lack in the assignment of responsibilities to the team members, and poor control in the work quality and documentation of the contract. For this reason, in this work a management proposal is made defining each of the stages that compose it, in order to ensure a correct conservation of the elements that make up the road infrastructure. The proposed objectives are: to specify the methodology to be used to manage the maintenance of the network contracted under the mixed global modality, to specify the handling and control of the documentation that must be kept in the contract, and to define the skills and responsibilities of the work team. In order to comply with them, a bibliographical revision of the national regulations on the maintenance of roads was carried out, and the diversity of contracts used by the Road Service for road conservation was taken into account. In addition, through experience in mixed global conservation contracts, the skills and responsibilities recommended by the members of the team are defined.
Abstract
With a mixed global contract the maintenance of a road network is carried out, through the simultaneous execution of conservation under the modality to series of unitary prices, [...]
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Technical evaluation of resistance to compression in concretes made with CPCA cement
M. Rincon, H. Bolognini, L. Vela, D. Meza, C. Angulo

Gaceta Técnica (2017). Vol. 16

Abstract
In recent years Venezuela has presented a crisis on the demand, commercialization and production of cement, the material needed for construction, therefor additive cements are being used without any type of regulations. This work presents the physical-mechanical characterization of three concrete mixtures with water / cement ratio of 0.45 and water / cement ratio of 0.60 with different types of Portland cement, Type I, Type CPCA1,and the third mixture corresponds to Type CPCA1 Rewarding it with a 15% addition in his own weight, developing a mixture of better quality. These concretes were characterized by: settling, setting time, percentage of total porosity, percentage of water absorption and mechanical resistance to compression. The results showed that the concrete mixture produced with CPCA1 does not meet the minimum requirements established in the Venezuelan standard for use in the elaboration of structural concrete, because among other parameters its resistance to compression it's below the design value. As for the CPCA1 giving it 15% addition in its own weight meets the requirements, and can be used in the manufacture of concrete structural elements.
Abstract
In recent years Venezuela has presented a crisis on the demand, commercialization and production of cement, the material needed for construction, therefor additive cements [...]
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Editorial: How cities envolved and how should being served today
S. Escalona

Gaceta Técnica (2017). Vol. 16

Abstract
Editorial: How cities envolved and how should being served today
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Neural controller for the trajectory tracking control of an inertia wheel pendulum
S. Puga–Guzmán, J. Moreno–Valenzuela, V. Santibáñez

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2016). Vol. 32, 4

Abstract
In this paper, the problem of trajectory tracking control in an inertia wheel pendulum is studied. Results are presented in a constructive form. First, a model-based controller is obtained by using the output feedback linearization technique. Then, the controller is redesigned by incorporating a neural network with the aim of avoiding the exact parameters knowledge of the inertia wheel pendulum, obtaining a robust control scheme. A two-layer perceptron is used, whose output weights are updated in real-time using an adaption law derived from the analysis of convergence of the closed-loop system solutions. Barbalats lemma is used to conclude that the pendulum tracking error trajectory converges to zero. Numerical simulations and real-time experiments are presented, which confirm the theoretical results.
Abstract
In this paper, the problem of trajectory tracking control in an inertia wheel pendulum is studied. Results are presented in a constructive form. First, a model-based controller [...]
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Optimal under multiple criteria selection of refractory and insulating materials for metallurgical ladles
O. Valdés, J. Ruiz

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2016). Vol. 32, 4

Abstract
Until the present the problem of the refractory and isolating materials selection has not been treated, in all its complexity, as an optimization under multiple criteria task, but basically as a metallurgical problem. In the present article the mathematical modelling of the optimal under multiple criteria task, the analysis of it mathematical complexity, considering the dimensions of the materials by layers and by zones are exposed. The complexity of the formulated task conditions the necessity of its decomposition in simpler tasks by zones of the ladle. The experimental validation of the obtained numeric results, where the efficiency and resulting quality of the used procedures is evidenced. The procedures applied are a part of the Integration of Variables method. Particularly, the Random Search of the Extremes of a Function of a Variable Code operator is applied to the problem studied.
Abstract
Until the present the problem of the refractory and isolating materials selection has not been treated, in all its complexity, as an optimization under multiple criteria task, [...]
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A mode superpostion approach for fluid‐structure interaction problems
P. Ribeiro, L. Pedroso

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2016). Vol. 32, 2

Abstract
In many practical engineering applications there is the interaction of distinct domains, where coupling effects are important in assessing the structural response. A particular case is given by the interaction between a vibrating structure and a reservoir, with the latter conveniently simplified to an acoustic model. This paper presents a closed form analytical solution to the dynamic interaction problem of a framed structure and a two dimensional acoustic cavity system. Initially, eigenvalues and eigenmodes are obtained accurately and then individual contributions of each mode are combined to build the structural dynamic response. A fourth order Runge‐Kutta numerical integration routine is applied on the evaluation of relative displacements. Finally, practical applications are given, where the proposed method is employed effectively in the solution of sine and seismic excitations. These results are compared to finite element models, with an excellent agreement achieved by the proposed procedure. It is also verified that the fundamental mode shape governs the dynamic response, enabling the use of simplified expressions for the generalized parameters. Immediate results include validation of numerical solutions as well as parametric studies of the involved variables. The proposed procedure can be extended for different sets of boundary conditions.
Abstract
In many practical engineering applications there is the interaction of distinct domains, where coupling effects are important in assessing the structural response. A particular [...]
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A computational model for the evaluation of the spray generation of a Wave Adaptive Modular Vessel
J. García-Espinosa, E. Oñate, B. Servan Camas, P. Nadukandi, P. Becker

Collection of Papers on Computational Methods in Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering (2018).

Abstract
This paper presents part of the work done within the project ‘Advanced Numerical Simulation and Performance Evaluation of WAM-V ® in Spray Generating Conditions’ developed by the International Center for Numerical Methods in Engineering (CIMNE) under Navy Grant N62909-12-1-7101 issued by the Office of Naval Research Global. One of the primary goals of that project was the development of a computational model for simulation of the Wave Adaptive Modular Vessel (WAM-V®) under spray generating conditions. For this purpose, a Semi-Lagrangian Particle Finite Element Method (SL-PFEM) has been applied. This is the latest development within the framework of the so-called Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM), using the X-IVAS (eXplicit Integration along the Velocity and Acceleration Streamlines) scheme. In this paper we demonstrate the applicability of the SL-PFEM using the X-IVAS scheme for the simulation of the Wave Adaptive Modular Vehicle under spray generating conditions.
Abstract
This paper presents part of the work done within the project ‘Advanced Numerical Simulation and Performance Evaluation of WAM-V ® in Spray Generating Conditions’ [...]
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Computer Programming of free GUIs for the Analysis of the Behaviour of Marine Structures
J. Gutiérrez Romero, Z. B, J. García-Espinosa, M. Peyrau Rubio

Ships and Offshore Structures (2015). 11(5), 471-481 (preprint)

Abstract
This work presents the development of two free Graphical User Interfaces (GUI), called ''FASTLognoter'' and ''MorisonForm'', both focused on the analysis of the behaviour of offshore structures, especially of offshore wind turbines. The first one is related to the aeroelastic analysis of wind turbines, and the second is concerned with the seakeeping of marine structures. The development of these tools has been carried out using a powerful software called ''Lognoter''. This tool is free software for Knowledge Management in Technology (KMT), which integrates computer programming for allowing the development of GUIs. These GUIs give an open platform for conducting a parametric study of the structural and dynamic behaviour of marine structures. Their coupling permits the user to set a suitable way to evaluate new concepts in marine structures. Finally, an application for the intensive analysis of offshore wind turbines is shown.
Abstract
This work presents the development of two free Graphical User Interfaces (GUI), called ''FASTLognoter'' and ''MorisonForm'', both focused on [...]
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Implementation of an object oriented library of constitutive models for DEM in the KRATOS framework
F. Arrufat, M. Celigueta

Monographs of the International Centre for Numerical Methods in Engineering (CIMNE) (2015).

Abstract
As a program increases its size and complexity, it can rapidly turn into something pretty difficult to keep controlled and up-to-date, specially when the developing work is shared between an extensive group of people. Keeping this in mind, it is pretty straightforward to understand why over the last few years, the emphasis in the design of programs has shifted from the design of procedures and toward an efficient organization of data. Modern DEM codes usually take advantage of parallel processing capabilities (shared or distributed systems) to scale up the number of particles or length of the simulation and this would be more difficult to achieve without good foundations in the code structure. In this context, the main objective of this work will be the implementation of an efficient constitutive model library for discrete element based simulations. A well-defined and flexible structure in which modifying or introducing new constitutive equations will be easier, keeping the main program strategy mostly unchanged while minimizing, at the same time, the risk of error during the execution of the program. Furthermore, the existing basic user interface currently used for introducing the data in the pre-process stage will need to be updated in order to use the newly introduced developments in the DEM code. Finally, several numerical examples will be run using the available constitutive equations from the library, comparing the obtained simulation results with published experiment data.
Abstract
As a program increases its size and complexity, it can rapidly turn into something pretty difficult to keep controlled and up-to-date, specially when the developing work is [...]
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A contribution to the Finite Element Analysis of High-Speed compressible flows and aerodynamic shape optimization
M. Kouhi, E. Oñate, G. Bugeda

Monographs of the International Centre for Numerical Methods in Engineering (CIMNE) (2013).

Abstract
This work covers a contribution to two most interesting research fields in aerodynamics, the finite element analysis of high-speed compressible flows (Part I) and aerodynamic shape optimization (Part II).The first part of this study aims at the development of a new stabilization formulation based on the Finite Increment Calculus (FIC) scheme for the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations in the context of the Galerkin finite element method (FEM). The FIC method is based on expressing the balance of fluxes in a space-time domain of finite size. It is tried to prevent the creation of instabilities normally presented in the numerical solutions due to the high convective term and sharp gradients.In order to overcome the typical instabilities happening in the numerical solution of the high-speed compressible flows, two stabilization terms, called streamline term and transverse term, are added through the FIC formulation in space-time domain to the original conservative equations of mass, momentum and energy. Generally, the streamline term holding the direction of the velocity is responsible for stabilizing the spurious solutions produced from the convective term while the transverse term smooths the solution in the high gradient zones. An explicit fourth order Runge-Kutta scheme is implemented to advance the solution in time.In order to investigate the capability of the proposed formulation, some numerical test examples corresponding to subsonic, transonic and supersonic regimes for inviscid and viscous flows are presented. The behavior of the proposed stabilization technique in providing appropriate solutions has been studied especially near the zones where the solution has some complexities such as shock waves, boundary layer, stagnation point, etc. Although the derived methodology delivers precise results with a nearly coarse mesh, the mesh refinement technique is coupled in the solution to create a suitable mesh particularly in the high gradient zones.The comparison of the numerical results obtained from the FIC formulation with the reference ones demonstrates the robustness of the proposed method for stabilization of the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations. It is observed that the usual oscillations occur in the Galerkin FEM, especially near the high gradient zones, are cured by implementing the proposed stabilization terms. Furthermore, allowing the adaptation framework to modify the mesh, the quality of the results improves significantly.The second part of this thesis proposes a procedure for aerodynamic shape optimization combining Genetic Algorithm (GA) and mesh refinement technique. In particular, it is investigated the effect of mesh refinement on the computational cost and solution accuracy during the process of aerodynamic shape optimization. Therefore, an adaptive remeshing technique is joined to the CFD solver for the analysis of each design candidate to guarantee the production of more realistic solutions during the optimum design process in the presence of shock waves.In this study, some practical transonic airfoil design problems using adaptive mesh techniques coupled to Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms (MOGAs) and Euler flow analyzer are addressed. The methodology is implemented to solve three practical design problems; the first test case considers a reconstruction design optimization that minimizes the pressure error between a predefined pressure curve and candidate pressure distribution. The second test considers the total drag minimization by designing airfoil shape operating at transonic speeds. For the final test case, a multi-objective design optimization is conducted to maximize both the lift to drag ratio (L/D) and lift coefficient (Cl). The solutions obtained with and without adaptive mesh refinement are compared in terms of solution accuracy and computational cost. These design problems under transonic speeds need to be solved with a fine mesh, particularly near the object, to capture the shock waves that will cost high computational time and require solution accuracy.By comparison of the the numerical results obtained with both optimization problems, the obtainment of direct benefits in the reduction of the total computational cost through a better convergence to the final solution is evaluated. Indeed, the improvement of the solution quality when an adaptive remeshing technique is coupled with the optimum design strategy can be judged.
Abstract
This work covers a contribution to two most interesting research fields in aerodynamics, the finite element analysis of high-speed compressible flows (Part I) and aerodynamic [...]
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Utilization of extracted teeth as provisional restorations following immediate implant placement – A case report
W. Wang, T. Suzuki

(2015). Vol. 36

Abstract
This case report utilized a patients natural teeth as provisional restorations supported by immediately placed implants to provide a seamless transition from hopeless teeth to implant supported restorations.
Abstract
This case report utilized a patients natural teeth as provisional restorations supported by immediately placed implants to provide a seamless transition from hopeless teeth [...]
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Are you practicing dogma?
S. Peng

(2015). Vol. 36
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Clinical issues in occlusion – Part II
M. Patel, A. Alani

(2015). Vol. 36

Abstract
Occlusal diagnosis plays an important role in the planning and subsequent delivery of predictable functional and aesthetic restorations and prostheses. Once an occlusal problem is identified there are a number of techniques and materials that can be utilised to record occlusal relationships, subsequently analyse them and incorporate information obtained into the delivery of tooth restoration or replacement. This paper discusses the clinical and technical aspects of occlusal examination and analysis outlining contemporary and traditional techniques in their utilisation. Aspects of occlusal examination will be revisited; the identification and recording of centric occlusion as well as subsequent articulation will be discussed. The requirement for occlusal splint provision will also be discussed and illustrated.
Abstract
Occlusal diagnosis plays an important role in the planning and subsequent delivery of predictable functional and aesthetic restorations and prostheses. Once an occlusal problem [...]
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Dry mouth – An overview
N. Joanna, W. Thomson

(2015).

Abstract
This paper presents an overview of dry mouth, an important condition in the older population. Dry mouth will first be defined, followed by consideration of its occurrence. There will then be an overview of the leading causes of dry mouth. Next, the impact of dry mouth will be discussed in order to explain why it is a significant condition. Lastly, there will be a brief description of the diagnosis and management of dry mouth.
Abstract
This paper presents an overview of dry mouth, an important condition in the older population. Dry mouth will first be defined, followed by consideration of its occurrence. [...]
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MicroRNAs as biomarkers for dental diseases
S. Kim, S. Lee, Y. Lee, Y. Lee

(2015). Vol. 36

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs that act as key regulators of diverse biological processes by mediating translational repression or mRNA degradation of target genes. Recent studies discovered miRNAs in saliva, and these miRNAs are promising candidates for use as biomarkers of dental diseases. In this review, the results of miRNA studies in the dental field are presented, and a brief overview of the current progress, limitations, and perspectives regarding miRNA biomarkers for dental diseases is given.
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs that act as key regulators of diverse biological processes by mediating translational repression or mRNA degradation of target [...]
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Maintenance of Genome Stability
J. Wang, T. Lindahl

(2016). Vol. 14
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DNA End Resection: Facts and Mechanisms
T. Liu, J. Huang

(2016). Vol. 14

Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which arise following exposure to a number of endogenous and exogenous agents, can be repaired by either the homologous recombination (HR) or non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathways in eukaryotic cells. A vital step in HR repair is DNA end resection, which generates a long 3′ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) tail that can invade the homologous DNA strand. The generation of 3′ ssDNA is not only essential for HR repair, but also promotes activation of the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR). Multiple factors, including the MRN/X complex, C-terminal-binding protein interacting protein (CtIP)/Sae2, exonuclease 1 (EXO1), Bloom syndrome protein (BLM)/Sgs1, DNA2 nuclease/helicase, and several chromatin remodelers, cooperate to complete the process of end resection. Here we review the basic machinery involved in DNA end resection in eukaryotic cells.
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which arise following exposure to a number of endogenous and exogenous agents, can be repaired by either the homologous recombination (HR) [...]
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Functions of PARylation in DNA Damage Repair Pathways
H. Wei, X. Yu

(2016). Vol. 14

Abstract
Protein poly ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) is a widespread post-translational modification at DNA lesions, which is catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). This modification regulates a number of biological processes including chromatin reorganization, DNA damage response (DDR), transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, and mitosis. PARP1, functioning as a DNA damage sensor, can be activated by DNA lesions, forming PAR chains that serve as a docking platform for DNA repair factors with high biochemical complexity. Here, we highlight molecular insights into PARylation recognition, the expanding role of PARylation in DDR pathways, and the functional interaction between PARylation and ubiquitination, which will offer us a better understanding of the biological roles of this unique post-translational modification.
Abstract
Protein poly ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) is a widespread post-translational modification at DNA lesions, which is catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). This [...]
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UFMylation: A Unique & Fashionable Modification for Life
Y. Wei, X. Xu

(2016). Vol. 14

Abstract
Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1) is one of the newly-identified ubiquitin-like proteins. Similar to ubiquitin, UFM1 is conjugated to its target proteins by a three-step enzymatic reaction. The UFM1-activating enzyme, ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 5 (UBA5), serves as the E1 to activate UFM1; UFM1-conjugating enzyme 1 (UFC1) acts as the E2 to transfer the activated UFM1 to the active site of the E2; and the UFM1-specific ligase 1 (UFL1) acts as the E3 to recognize its substrate, transfer, and ligate the UFM1 from E2 to the substrate. This process is called ufmylation. UFM1 chains can be cleaved from its target proteins by UFM1-specific proteases (UfSPs), suggesting that the ufmylation modification is reversible. UFM1 cascade is conserved among nearly all of the eukaryotic organisms, but not in yeast, and associated with several cellular activities including the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and hematopoiesis. Furthermore, the UFM1 cascade is closely related to a series of human diseases. In this review, we summarize the molecular details of this reversible modification process, the recent progress of its functional studies, as well as its implication in tumorigenesis and potential therapeutic targets for cancer.
Abstract
Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1) is one of the newly-identified ubiquitin-like proteins. Similar to ubiquitin, UFM1 is conjugated to its target proteins by a three-step enzymatic [...]
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New Edges of RNA Adenosine Methylation Modifications
Y. Wang, G. Jia

(2016). Vol. 14
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Endogenous DNA Damage and Repair Enzymes : —A short summary of the scientific achievements of Tomas Lindahl, Nobel Laureate in Chemistry 2015
A. Klungland, Y. Yang

(2015).

Abstract
Tomas Lindahl completed his medical studies at Karolinska Institute in 1970. Yet, his work has always been dedicated to unraveling fundamental mechanisms of DNA decay and DNA repair. His research is characterized with groundbreaking discoveries on the instability of our genome, the identification of novel DNA repair activities, the characterization of DNA repair pathways, and the association to diseases, throughout his 40 years of scientific career.
Abstract
Tomas Lindahl completed his medical studies at Karolinska Institute in 1970. Yet, his work has always been dedicated to unraveling fundamental mechanisms of DNA decay and [...]
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Topoisomerase I in Human Disease Pathogenesis and Treatments
M. Li, Y. Liu

(2016). Vol. 14

Abstract
Mammalian topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) is an essential enzyme for normal development. TOP1 relaxes supercoiled DNA to remove helical constraints that can otherwise hinder DNA replication and transcription and thus block cell growth. Unfortunately, this exact activity can covalently trap TOP1 on the DNA that could lead to cell death or mutagenesis, a precursor for tumorigenesis. It is therefore important for cells to find a proper balance between the utilization of the TOP1 catalytic activity to maintain DNA topology and the risk of accumulating the toxic DNA damages due to TOP1 trapping that prevents normal cell growth. In an apparent contradiction to the negative attribute of the TOP1 activity to genome stability, the detrimental effect of the TOP1-induced DNA lesions on cell survival has made this enzyme a prime target for cancer therapies to kill fast-growing cancer cells. In addition, cumulative evidence supports a direct role of TOP1 in promoting transcriptional progression independent of its topoisomerase activity. The involvement of TOP1 in transcriptional regulation has recently become a focus in developing potential new treatments for a subtype of autism spectrum disorders. Clearly, the impact of TOP1 on human health is multifold. In this review, we will summarize our current understandings on how TOP1 contributes to human diseases and how its activity is targeted for disease treatments.
Abstract
Mammalian topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) is an essential enzyme for normal development. TOP1 relaxes supercoiled DNA to remove helical constraints that can otherwise hinder DNA replication [...]
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Immunomodulation by classical conditioning in NZB/W (F1) mice: Lifespan and diurnal variation
M. Miguel, L. Menna-Barreto

(2016). Vol. 9

Abstract
Systemic Lupus Eritematosus (SLE) is a systemic inflammatory disease often treated with the agent cyclophosphamide (CY), known by provoking important adverse reactions to the organism. Ader and Cohen have demonstrated an alternative way of administrating this agent based on pavlovian conditioning, in order to reduce the aggression caused by CY. Considering the influence of the temporal organization on learning and memory processes, the purpose of this study was to understand the temporal aspects involved in the conditioned immunomodulation. In a search for circadian modulation, we selected NZB/W (F1) female mice, a strain that spontaneously develop SLE. Divided into two major groups, the animals were submitted, in different phases of day, to a classical conditioning immunomodulation protocol, consisting in weekly parings of saccharin solution and CY injections. The success of the paradigm was evaluated by comparing lifespan among the groups. Simultaneously, it was monitored the water intake behavior, in order to correlate the stability of two rhythmic parameters, amplitude and spectral power density of the 24-h rhythm, with the progression of SLE. Our results indicate that mice could benefit from the conditioning task performed either in the light phase or in the dark phase of the LD cycle, as expressed by an increased lifespan. Concerning the rhythmic parameters, there was evidence of association between the rhythmic stability and the evolution of SLE, demonstrated by the maintenance of healthy levels of amplitude and spectral potency of the 24-h rhythm in animals exposed to the conditioning paradigm.
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Eritematosus (SLE) is a systemic inflammatory disease often treated with the agent cyclophosphamide (CY), known by provoking important adverse reactions to [...]
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Sleep in space as a new medical frontier: the challenge of preserving normal sleep in the abnormal environment of space missions
S. Pandi-Perumal, A. Gonfalone

(2016). Vol. 9

Abstract
Space agencies such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the United States, the Russian Federal Space Agency, the European Space Agency, the China National Space Administration, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, and Indian Space Research Organization, although differing in their local political agendas, have a common interest in promoting all applied sciences that may facilitate man’s adaptation to life beyond the earth. One of man’s most important adaptations has been the evolutionary development of sleep cycles in response to the 24 hour rotation of the earth. Less well understood has been man’s biological response to gravity. Before humans ventured into space, many questioned whether sleep was possible at all in microgravity environments. It is now known that, in fact, space travelers can sleep once they leave the pull of the earth’s gravity, but that the sleep they do get is not completely refreshing and that the associated sleep disturbances can be elaborate and variable. According to astronauts’ subjective reports, the duration of sleep is shorter than that on earth and there is an increased incidence of disturbed sleep. Objective sleep recordings carried out during various missions including the Skylab missions, space shuttle missions, and Mir missions all support the conclusion that, compared to sleep on earth, the duration in human sleep in space is shorter, averaging about six hours. In the new frontier of space exploration, one of the great practical problems to be solved relates to how man can preserve “normal” sleep in a very abnormal environment. The challenge of managing fatigue and sleep loss during space mission has critical importance for the mental efficiency and safety of the crew and ultimately for the success of the mission itself. Numerous "earthly" examples now show that crew fatigue on ships, trucks, and long-haul jetliners can lead to inadequate performance and sometimes fatal consequences, a reality which has caused many space agencies to take the issue of sleep seriously.
Abstract
Space agencies such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the United States, the Russian Federal Space Agency, the European Space Agency, the China National [...]
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Caffeine intake has no effect on sleep quality in community dwellers living in a rural Ecuadorian village (The Atahualpa Project)
O. Brutto, R. Mera, M. Zambrano, P. Castillo

(2016).

Abstract
More information is needed to better understand the effect of caffeine on sleep quality at the community level. In a population-based, cross-sectional study design, we aimed to assess the effect of caffeine intake on sleep quality by the use of a multivariate exposure-effect model, adjusted for relevant confounders. All Atahualpa residents aged ≥40 years were identified during a door-to-door survey and interviewed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and a structured instrument designed to estimate the daily amount of caffeine intake. An exposure-effect model was built using augmented inverse probability weighting taking into account variables that were associated with exposure (using a probit model) and variables that were associated with outcome (in a linear model). Out of 779 eligible individuals, 716 (92%) were included. Consumption of 200 mg/day in 97 (13%). Mean score in the PSQI was 4.5±2.2 points, with 203 (28%) individuals classified as poor sleepers (≥6 points). The exposure-effect model, adjusted for variables associated with the exposure (symptoms of depression, total cholesterol blood levels and smoking) and the outcome (age, symptoms of depression, physical activity and fasting glucose levels), revealed no effect of caffeine intake in sleep quality (average exposure effect: 0.027, 95% C.I.: −0.284 to 0.338, p=0.866). This population-based study shows that caffeine intake has no effect on sleep quality in community-dwelling adults living in a rural village of Ecuador.
Abstract
More information is needed to better understand the effect of caffeine on sleep quality at the community level. In a population-based, cross-sectional study design, we aimed [...]
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Sleep disturbances and sexual function among men aged 45–75 years in an urban area of Iran
S. Charandabi, N. Rezaei, S. Hakimi, S. Khatami, R. valizadeh, A. Azadi

(2016). Vol. 9

Abstract
Aging in men is associated with various physical and mental symptoms, including sleep problems and sexual dysfunction. The aim of this study was to determine the status of sleep disorders and sexual dysfunction in men aged 45–75 years in Ilam, Iran. In this population-based cross-sectional study, 390 men aged 45–75 years were selected by cluster randomization in Ilam–Iran. Data were collected using 0–100 brief sexual function inventory and the sleep disorder questionnaires. Totally, 34.6% of men complained about sleep disorders: 17.4% about falling asleep, 12.8% about frequent nocturnal awakenings, 12.8% about waking up in the early hours in the morning and problem in falling asleep again, and 24.9% about fatigue and tiredness despite getting enough sleep. There was a significant relationship between all aspects of sexual function and the common problems related to sleep (p
Abstract
Aging in men is associated with various physical and mental symptoms, including sleep problems and sexual dysfunction. The aim of this study was to determine the status of [...]
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Franz Kafka: An emblematic case of co-occurrence of sleep and psychiatryc disorders
A. Coralli, A. Perciaccante

(2016). Vol. 9
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Corrigendum to "Relationship between perceived sleep and polysomnography in older adult patients" [Sleep Sci. 8 (2015) 75–81]
M. Silva, C. Bazzana, A. Souza, L. Ramos, S. Tufik, L. Lucchesi, G. Lopes

(2015).
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Artemisinin protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage through activation of ERK/CREB signaling
C. Chong, W. Zheng

(2016). Vol. 9

Abstract
The pathological increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), is implicated in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The discovery of drug candidates to effectively protect RPE cells from oxidative damage is required to resolve the pathological aspects and modify the process of AMD. In this study, a FDA-approved anti-malaria drug, Artemisinin was found to suppress hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell death in human RPE cell-D407 cells. Further study showed that Artemisinin significantly suppressed H2O2− induced D407 cell death by restoring abnormal changes in nuclear morphology, intracellular ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptotic biomarkers. Western blotting analysis showed that Artemisinin was able to activate extracellular regulated ERK/CREB survival signaling. Furthermore, Artemisinin failed to suppress H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and the increase of caspase 3/7 activity in the presence of the ERK inhibitor PD98059. Taken together, these results suggest that Artemisinin is a potential protectant with the pro-survival effects against H2O2 insult through activation of the ERK/CREB pathway.
Abstract
The pathological increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), is implicated in the development of age-related macular degeneration [...]
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Direct measurement of actual levels of nitric oxide (NO) in cell culture conditions using soluble NO donors
W. He, M. Frost

(2016). Vol. 9

Abstract
Applying soluble nitric oxide (NO) donors is the most widely used method to expose cells of interest to exogenous NO. Because of the complex equilibria that exist between components in culture media, the donor compound and NO itself, it is very challenging to predict the dose and duration of NO cells actually experience. To determine the actual level of NO experienced by cells exposed to soluble NO donors, we developed the CellNO Trap, a device that allows continuous, real-time monitoring of the level of NO adherent cells produce and/or experience in culture without the need to alter cell culturing procedures. Herein, we directly measured the level of NO that cells grown in the CellNO Trap experienced when soluble NO donors were added to solutions in culture wells and we characterized environmental conditions that effected the level of NO in in vitro culture conditions. Specifically, the dose and duration of NO generated by the soluble donors S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), S-nitrosocysteine (CysNO) and the diazeniumdiolate diethyltriamine (DETA/NO) were investigated in both phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and cell culture media. Other factors that were studied that potentially affect the ultimate NO level achieved with these donors included pH, presence of transition metals (ion species), redox level, presence of free thiol and relative volume of media. Then murine smooth muscle cell (MOVAS) with different NO donors but with the same effective concentration of available NO were examined and it was demonstrated that the cell proliferation ratio observed does not correlate with the half-lives of NO donors characterized in PBS, but does correlate well with the real-time NO profiles measured under the actual culture conditions. This data demonstrates the dynamic characteristic of the NO and NO donor in different biological systems and clearly illustrates the importance of tracking individual NO profiles under the actual biological conditions.
Abstract
Applying soluble nitric oxide (NO) donors is the most widely used method to expose cells of interest to exogenous NO. Because of the complex equilibria that exist between [...]
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Redox mechanisms in age-related lung fibrosis
A. Kurundkar, V. Thannickal

(2016). Vol. 9

Abstract
Redox signaling and oxidative stress are associated with tissue fibrosis and aging. Aging is recognized as a major risk factor for fibrotic diseases involving multiple organ systems, including that of the lung. A number of oxidant generating enzymes are upregulated while antioxidant defenses are deficient with aging and cellular senescence, leading to redox imbalance and oxidative stress. However, the precise mechanisms by which redox signaling and oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis are not well understood. Tissue repair is a highly regulated process that involves the interactions of several cell types, including epithelial cells, fibroblasts and inflammatory cells. Fibrosis may develop when these interactions are dysregulated with the acquisition of pro-fibrotic cellular phenotypes. In this review, we explore the roles of redox mechanisms that promote and perpetuate fibrosis in the context of cellular senescence and aging.
Abstract
Redox signaling and oxidative stress are associated with tissue fibrosis and aging. Aging is recognized as a major risk factor for fibrotic diseases involving multiple organ [...]
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Plasma cysteine/cystine redox couple disruption in animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy
L. Liang, M. Patel

(2016). Vol. 9

Abstract
Currently the field of epilepsy lacks peripheral blood-based biomarkers that could predict the onset or progression of chronic seizures following an epileptogenic injury. Thiol/disulfide ratios have been shown to provide a sensitive means of assessing the systemic redox potential in tissue and plasma. In this study, we utilized a rapid, simple and reliable method for simultaneous determination of several thiol-containing amino acids in plasma using HPLC with electrochemical detection in kainic acid (KA) and pilocarpine rat models of epilepsy. In contrast to GSH and GSSG levels, the levels of cysteine (Cys) were decreased by 42% and 62% and cystine (Cyss) were increased by 46% and 23% in the plasma of KA- and pilocarpine-injected rats, respectively after 48 h. In chronically epileptic rats, plasma cysteine was decreased by 40.4% and 37.7%, and plasma GSSG increased by 33.8% and 35.0% following KA and pilocarpine, respectively. Treatment of rats with a catalytic antioxidant, 60 min after KA or pilocarpine significant attenuated the decrease of plasma Cys/Cyss ratios at the 48 h time point in both models. These observations suggest that the decreased cysteine and ratio of Cys/Cyss in plasma could potentially serve as redox biomarkers in temporal lobe epilepsy.
Abstract
Currently the field of epilepsy lacks peripheral blood-based biomarkers that could predict the onset or progression of chronic seizures following an epileptogenic injury. [...]
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Genetic analysis of some economic traits in a composite breed of domestic rabbits reared in a tropical environment
U. Sorhue, F. Mmereole, E. Irikefe-Ekeke, S. Nwakwo

(2014). Vol. 28

Abstract
Records of 224 kits produced by fifteen dams and five sires were used to estimate covariance and correlations of litter traits in composite breed rabbit using paternal and maternal half-sib method. The traits studied were total litter size at birth (TB), litter size born alive (BA), litter birth weight (LBWT), 7-day body weight (7BWT), 21 day body weight (21BWT) and weaning weight (42BWT). The analysis of variance was done in a nested design with equal number of subclass. The estimates of covariance were generally low 0.002 and 0.004,0.004 and 0.009,0.001 and 0.001 for LBWT and BA, TB and 7BWT, LBWT and 42BWT while positive and significant genetic correlations (rG) (P > 0.05) was obtained for LBWT and BA (0.94 and 0.67), BA and 42BWT (0.89 and 0.61), LBWTB and 21BWT (0.88 and 0.63) from sire and dam components respectively. Phenotypic (rP) and environmental (rE) correlations between the traits studied were mostly non-significant (P
Abstract
Records of 224 kits produced by fifteen dams and five sires were used to estimate covariance and correlations of litter traits in composite breed rabbit using paternal and [...]
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Assessment of hybrids of drought tolerant maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines for grain yield and other traits under stress managed conditions
M. Adebayo, A. Menkir

(2014). Vol. 28

Abstract
Introduced maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm can serve as important sources of favorable alleles for enhancing the performance of new maize varieties and hybrids under drought stress conditions. Ninety-six elite maize hybrids alongside four hybrid checks were evaluated for grain yield and other agronomic traits under managed stress conditions over two seasons at Ikenne, Nigeria. Hybrids differed significantly for grain yield and other measured traits under both drought stress and well-watered conditions. Grain yield varied from 444 to 3022 kg ha−1 under drought stress, and from 3827 to 8887 kg ha−1 under full irrigation. Drought stress reduced grain yield by 70%. Each of the top 10 yielders under drought stress produced >2500 kg ha−1 and had a yield advantage of >10% over the best check. Three hybrids namely; ADL47 × EXL15, ADL41 × EXL15 and EXL02 × ADL47, produced competitive yields under both irrigation treatments.
Abstract
Introduced maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm can serve as important sources of favorable alleles for enhancing the performance of new maize varieties and hybrids under drought [...]
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Genetics of seed yield and related traits in biparental crosses of okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench
O. Oyetunde, O. Ariyo

(2014).

Abstract
Gene action and interaction are very important in formulating the appropriate breeding technique to produce new varieties in okra. The objective of the study was to investigate gene action controlling yield and 12 related traits in okra. Sixteen bi-parental progenies of okra were evaluated in October, 2013 and May, 2014 at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (Lat 7°29 N, Long 3°30 E), Nigeria. Seeds were sown in single-row plots laid out in randomized complete block design with three replicates. Mean squares were obtained for the thirteen characters according to North Carolina Design II. Heritable variances were partitioned into additive and dominance components. General (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) of both parental and progenies respectively were estimated with a view to identifying high combiners among genotypes. Results suggested both additive and dominant gene effects for most characters with dominant gene effects for number of leaves per plant and weight of 100 seeds. The study concluded that both additive and dominant gene actions controlled the expression of characters in okra. NHGB/09/009A and FUNAAB-11-8 are high combiners for number of days to 50% flowering and number of pods/plant and they are recommended as high-yielding, early-maturing okra variety. FUNAAB-11-4 x LD 88 and UI4-30 x FUNAAB-11-8 can be further improved to develop high-yielding hybrid okra varieties due to their high SCA. Number of days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of branches per plant, pod weight and number of ridges per pod will respond to selection because of the preponderance of additive gene action.
Abstract
Gene action and interaction are very important in formulating the appropriate breeding technique to produce new varieties in okra. The objective of the study was to investigate [...]
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Phenotypic and genetic categorization of qualitative traits in extensively managed local goat (Capra aegagrus) population of Niger State, Nigeria
P. Kolo, S. Egena, D. Tsado, M. Adisa-Shehu

(2014). Vol. 28

Abstract
A study on the distribution and frequencies of coat colour, wattle, beard, horn, and hair type using 375 extensively managed local goats was carried out in the three administrative zones of Niger state, Nigeria. The animals were scored for coat colour pigmentation pattern, presence or absence of wattle, beard, horn, hair type and extra teat. The study showed that light brown is the predominant colour in zones A (43.24%) and zone C (47.57%). Dark brown colour was predominant in zone B (37.82%) followed by light brown (31.09%). The observed frequencies for wattle (Waw) and extra teat (Ete) were above (p
Abstract
A study on the distribution and frequencies of coat colour, wattle, beard, horn, and hair type using 375 extensively managed local goats was carried out in the three administrative [...]
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Assessment of variability of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L) Gaertn) landraces germplasm in Northern Nigeria
I. Umar, E. Kwon-Ndung

(2014). Vol. 28

Abstract
Germplasm identification and characterization is an important link between conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources. The present study was conducted to characterize the morphological diversity of 10 germplasm accessions of Finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L) Gaertn) collected from diverse locations spread across the geographic Northern Nigeria during the 2008, 2009 and 2010 cropping seasons. The seeds of the accessions were planted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in each of two locations-Keffi and Gwagwalada, during the three cropping seasons. The field studies for the three seasons in the two locations followed uniform agricultural practices. Field data was collected on morphological traits such as plant height, leaf length, leaf diameter, finger length, finger width, number of fingers and 1000 seed weight were recorded in accordance with standard finger millet descriptors. The results obtained, showed that plant height in accession Ex-Kwi was significantly different from all the other nine accessions while the highest leaf length which was recorded in Ex-Riyom was significantly different (p
Abstract
Germplasm identification and characterization is an important link between conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources. The present study was conducted to characterize [...]
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Genetic variation, heritability, genetic advance and agronomic character association of yellow elite inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.)
D. Ogunniyan, S. Olakojo

(2014).

Abstract
Fifteen elite yellow maize inbred lines were evaluated in a randomized complete block design experiment with three replicates in 2014. Data were collected on days to anthesis and silking, anthesis-silking interval, plant and ear heights, number of ears per plant, leaf area, ear weight and grain yield. Mean values were used to determine characters' phenotypic and genotypic variances, phenotypic, genotypic and environmental coefficients of variation. Broad sense heritability and genetic advance percentage of mean were estimated for each trait. Significant variation existed in all the characters. The coefficients of variation were low except for ear weight and grain yield that were relatively higher. The anthesis-silking interval was highest in lines TZEI 124 and TZEI 16, but least in lines BD74-222, TZEI 11 and TZEI 13. Line BD74-222 had the height plant height and BD74-165 had the least. Line TZEI 124 produced highest maize grain yield whereas line TZEI 146 had the least. Coefficients of variation of phenotype and genotype were low for all the traits except number of ear per plant, ear and grain yield. The characters were less influenced by the environment thus the traits can be used for selection. Heritability was greater than 80% for all characters studied whereas expected genetic advance ranged from low (8.91) in days to silking to high (72.03) in number of ear per plant. Days to anthesis and silking, plant height and number of leaf per plant were positively correlated. Grain yield was positively correlated with ASI, plant and ear heights, number of leaf per plant and leaf area. High heritability and high genetic advance for ASI indicated the presence of additive genes in the trait and suggested reliable maize improvement through selection of the traits. In this study moderate genetic advance was associated with high heritability.
Abstract
Fifteen elite yellow maize inbred lines were evaluated in a randomized complete block design experiment with three replicates in 2014. Data were collected on days to anthesis [...]
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Atypical presentation of mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA
E. Rush

(2016). Vol. 8

Abstract
A 14 year old patient with short stature, type I diabetes, and cataracts was referred for evaluation of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Radiography was suggestive of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia with decreased bone mineral density for age. Targeted molecular and biochemical testing were normal in this patient. Whole exome sequencing was performed and showed compound heterozygosity for previously reported pathogenic GALNS variants which were diagnostic of mucopolysaccharidosis, type IVA (Morquio A). While this case describes neither a novel condition nor a new mutation, it does illustrate three important points in the diagnosis of patients with atypical forms of MPS IVA. First, that in many instances urine glycosaminoglycan analysis is not sufficient to rule out MPS IVA as a potential diagnosis. Patients in whom biochemical screening is advised should have measurement of leukocyte enzymatic activity. Second, that in patients with radiographic evidence of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia with additional features or with normal targeted testing, MPS IVA should remain in the differential diagnosis. Third, that whole exome sequencing represents a viable diagnostic platform for evaluation of patients with unknown skeletal or metabolic disease.
Abstract
A 14 year old patient with short stature, type I diabetes, and cataracts was referred for evaluation of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Radiography was suggestive [...]
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Successful pregnancy and delivery in a woman with propionic acidemia from the Amish community
J. Schwoerer, S. Calcar, G. Rice, J. Deline

(2016). Vol. 8

Abstract
Propionic acidemia (PA) is an inborn error of protein metabolism with a variable clinical presentation ranging from neonatal encephalopathy to seemingly asymptomatic individuals who present with cardiomyopathy or sudden death. PA is recognized in the Amish population, often with an early asymptomatic course and eventual cardiac complications. Thus, Amish women with PA may reach reproductive age without clinical sequelae, but are at increased risk for metabolic decompensation during pregnancy, delivery and postpartum period. We describe the care of an Amish woman with PA during her first pregnancy and delivery.
Abstract
Propionic acidemia (PA) is an inborn error of protein metabolism with a variable clinical presentation ranging from neonatal encephalopathy to seemingly asymptomatic individuals [...]
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Autosomal dominant Carvajal plus syndrome due to the novel desmoplakin mutation c.1678A > T (p.Ile560Phe)
J. Finsterer, C. Stöllberger, E. Wollmann, S. Dertinger, F. Laccone

(2016).

Abstract
Carvajal syndrome is an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive disorder, manifesting with dilated cardiomyopathy, woolly hair, and palmoplantar keratoma. Additional manifestations can be occasionally found. Carvajal syndrome may be due to mutations in the desmocollin-2, desmoplakin, or plakophilin-2 gene. We report a family with Carvajal syndrome which additionally presented with hypoacusis, noncompaction, recurrent pharyngeal infections, oligodontia, and recurrent diarrhoea. Father and brother were also affected and had died suddenly, the father despite implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Genetic studies revealed the novel pathogenic mutation c.1678A > T in the desmoplakin gene resulting in the amino acid change Ile to Phe at position 560 in the index case and her brother. The index case underwent ICD implantation recently. Phenotypic manifestations of Carvajal syndrome are even broader than so far anticipated, the number of mutations in the desmoplakin gene responsible for Carvajal syndrome is still increasing, and these patients require implantation of an ICD as soon as their diagnosis is established.
Abstract
Carvajal syndrome is an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive disorder, manifesting with dilated cardiomyopathy, woolly hair, and palmoplantar keratoma. Additional manifestations [...]
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Assessment of the phenotype genotype variability and correlation in m.3243A > G mutation carriers requires prospective studies
J. Finsterer, S. Zarrouk-Mahjoub

(2016). Vol. 8
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Response to: Letter to the Editor Regarding: The Expanding Phenotype of MELAS Caused by the m.3291 T > C tRNA Mutation E Kelland, C. A. Rupar, Asuri N. Prasad, K. Y. Tay, A. Downie and C. Prasad (1) by Josef Finsterer, MD, PhD [1], Sinda Zarrouk-Mahjoub, PhD [2] [1] Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Vienna [2] Genomics Platform, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunisia
E. Kelland, C. Rupar, A. Prasad, K. Tay, A. Downie, C. Prasad

(2016).
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Hypothyroidism in late-onset Pompe disease
J. Schneider, L. Burmeister, K. Rudser, C. Whitley, J. Utz

(2016). Vol. 8

Abstract
In Pompe disease, a deficiency of acid α-glucosidase enzyme activity leads to pathologic accumulation of glycogen in tissues. Phenotype heterogeneity in Pompe includes an infantile form and late-onset forms (juvenile- and adult-onset forms). Symptoms common to all phenotypes include progressive muscle weakness and worsening respiratory function. Patients with late-onset forms of Pompe disease commonly complain of chronic fatigue and generalized muscle weakness prior to being diagnosed with Pompe disease, and this may lead to consideration of hypothyroidism in the differential diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hypothyroidism in the adult-onset form of Pompe disease. Electronic chart review was performed at the Advanced Therapies Clinic at the University of Minnesota Medical Center (UMMC) to identify patients with late-onset Pompe disease. The identified charts were reviewed for a co-diagnosis of hypothyroidism. A query was made to the clinical data repository at UMMC searching diagnosis ICD9 code 244.9 (hypothyroidism not otherwise specified) and/or presence of levothyroxine from 2011 to 2014 in patients 18 years of age and older. The clinical data repository found a prevalence of hypothyroidism of 3.15% (56,072 of 1,782,720 patients) in the adult patient population at UMMC. Ten adult patients with Pompe disease were identified, five with the diagnosis of hypothyroidism (50%, 95% CI: 23.7, 76.3, p
Abstract
In Pompe disease, a deficiency of acid α-glucosidase enzyme activity leads to pathologic accumulation of glycogen in tissues. Phenotype heterogeneity in Pompe includes an [...]
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Food service research and development
D. Kwon

(2016).
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Corrigendum to “Historical and biological aspects of bibimbap, a Korean ethnic food” [J Ethn Foods 2 (2015) 74–83]
K. Chung, H. Yang, D. Jang, D. Kwon

(2015). Vol. 74
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Hypocholesterolemic effects of diets containing different levels of kishk as a dried fermented milk–whole wheat mixture in experimental rats
R. Ali

(2016). Vol. 3

Abstract
Kishk is a popular traditional functional food in Egypt. This study was performed to investigate the effects of different levels of kishk as a dried fermented milk/whole wheat mixture on growth performance, relative weight of organs, lipid profile, and some biochemical parameters in rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet. Forty male rats were assigned to five groups, each consisting of eight rats. The first one presents the negative control group that received the basal diet, while the second group that serves as the positive (+) control group received a high-cholesterol diet (HCD). The last three groups received HCD supplemented with 10%, 20%, and 30% of kishk. Rats fed diets containing various levels of kishk for 8 weeks had significantly (p
Abstract
Kishk is a popular traditional functional food in Egypt. This study was performed to investigate the effects of different levels of kishk as a dried fermented milk/whole wheat [...]
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Ethnic and traditional Iranian rice-based foods
V. Karizaki

(2016). Vol. 3

Abstract
Iranian national cuisine is very diverse and nutritious. A rice-based diet is commonly used by all people throughout the country. The current work aimed at documenting the ethnic and traditional rice-based foods prepared and consumed in Iran. The data were collected by individually interviewing people from 15 cities in five districts of Iran (north, south, west, east, and central parts), as well as searching literature and scientific sources. A list of 100 ethnic and traditional rice-based foods of Iranian cuisine is presented in three categories: main meals, soups/pottages, and sweets/desserts. The main ingredient of traditional and ethnic Iranian foods is rice. Iranian people develop many ways to create and consume rice-based foods.
Abstract
Iranian national cuisine is very diverse and nutritious. A rice-based diet is commonly used by all people throughout the country. The current work aimed at documenting the [...]
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Historical and contemporary perspectives of the Nyonya food culture in Malaysia
C. Ng, S. Karim

(2016). Vol. 3

Abstract
Nyonya cuisine echoes the cultural identity of the Peranakans, who are both Chinese and localized. Despite the fact that the food is much localized, its symbolism remains traditionally Chinese. This paper explores the history, ingredients, and cooking methods crucial in the production of the cuisine, the types of food served for daily consumption, festivities and ancestral worships, as well as their Chinese symbolism. Furthermore, this paper also discusses factors that contributed to the obscurity of the culture and the cuisine after the Second World War. Lastly, the revival of the culture through the immense interest in its cuisine, especially from the 1980s, and the extent of globalization of this cuisine are also examined. Findings reported are expected to highlight the significance of Nyonya cuisine in Malaysia in the past and the present.
Abstract
Nyonya cuisine echoes the cultural identity of the Peranakans, who are both Chinese and localized. Despite the fact that the food is much localized, its symbolism remains [...]
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Contraceptive behaviour in North India
M. Roy

(2016). Vol. 39
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Metabolic, autophagic, and mitophagic activities in cancer initiation and progression
A. Hjelmeland, J. Zhang

(2016). Vol. 39

Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease marked by uncontrolled cell growth and invasion. These processes are driven by the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that promote cancer initiation and progression. Contributing to genome changes are the regulation of oxidative stress and reactive species-induced damage to molecules and organelles. Redox regulation, metabolic plasticity, autophagy, and mitophagy play important and interactive roles in cancer hallmarks including sustained proliferation, activated invasion, and replicative immortality. However, the impact of these processes can differ depending on the signaling pathways altered in cancer, tumor type, tumor stage, and/or the differentiation state. Here, we highlight some of the representative studies on the impact of oxidative and nitrosative activities, mitochondrial bioenergetics, metabolism, and autophagy and mitophagy in the context of tumorigenesis. We discuss the implications of these processes for cellular activities in cancer for anti-cancer-based therapeutics.
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease marked by uncontrolled cell growth and invasion. These processes are driven by the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that promote [...]
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Honoring antiparasitics: The 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
W. Chen

(2016).

Abstract
Protozoa and helminths are the two main groups that cause parasitic diseases with a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms. Protozoa are unicellular organisms like the malaria parasite Plasmodium, which is responsible for the majority of deaths associated with parasitic infections. Helminths are alternative parasites that can produce debilitating diseases in hosts, some of which result in chronic infections. The discovery of effective therapeutic drugs is the key to improving health in regions of poverty and poor sanitation where these parasites usually occur. It is very encouraging that the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Youyou Tu as well as William C. Campbell and Satoshi Õmura for their considerable contributions in discovering artemisinin and avermectin, respectively. Both drugs revolutionized therapies for filariasis and malaria, significantly reducing by large percentages their morbidity and mortality.
Abstract
Protozoa and helminths are the two main groups that cause parasitic diseases with a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms. Protozoa are unicellular organisms like the malaria [...]
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Meeting the unmet needs of family planning
D. Choudhary

(2016). Vol. 39
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A comparison between the effects of propofol–fentanyl with propofol–ketamine for sedation in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography outside the operating room
R. Akhondzadeh, A. Ghomeishi, S. Nesioonpour, S. Nourizade

(2016). Vol. 39

Abstract
The efficient and secure techniques of anesthesia and sedation have always been needed for. One of these procedures is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), due to its painfulness and long duration, has high sensitivity. We compare the effects of propofol–fentanyl (PF) with propofol–ketamine (PK) to sedate patients undergoing ERCP. In this clinical trial, patients were divided into two groups of 49 people. A group received a pharmaceutical combination of PK, and another group received a pharmaceutical combination of PF. Vital signs of patients, Ramsey Sedation Score, and pain of patients were assessed. The total dosage of used propofol was also recorded. There was no significant difference seen in the patients' hemodynamic characteristics in both groups. Pain at the end of surgery and an hour after it in the PK group was less that was not statistically significant. By Ramsey Sedation Score also significant differences were not seen between groups (p = 0.68). By using total dose of propofol used also a significant difference was not observed between the two groups (p = 0.36). Rate of apnea in PK group was 32% and in the PF group was 63%, which this difference was statistically significant (p
Abstract
The efficient and secure techniques of anesthesia and sedation have always been needed for. One of these procedures is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), [...]
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The dual role of ROS, antioxidants and autophagy in cancer
E. Walton

(2016). Vol. 39

Abstract
In this issue of the Biomedical Journal, we highlight a review revealing that the effect of autophagy, reactive oxygen species, and antioxidants in cancer may be a question of timing and context. We also discuss original research showing that the prevalence of cleft lip with or without palate in Taiwan has declined over the past 20 years, and what this might mean in terms of trends in abortion. Finally, we also learn about risk factors for recurrent hospital-acquired infection with multi-drug resistant bacteria, and the value of dental screening for patients with tinnitus.
Abstract
In this issue of the Biomedical Journal, we highlight a review revealing that the effect of autophagy, reactive oxygen species, and antioxidants in cancer may be a question [...]
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Lagrangian finite element model for the 3D simulation of glass forming processes
P. Ryzhakov, J. García-Espinosa, E. Oñate

Computers and Structures (2016). 117, 126-140 (preprint)

Abstract
We propose here a numerical model for a three-dimensional simulation of glass forming processes. Using the basic philosophy of the Particle Finite Element method (PFEM), we introduce several new features adapting the strategy to suit the problem of interest. A modified fractional step method for the solution of the flow equations is applied. This approach, on the one hand, inherits the computational efficiency of the original fractional step approach, and on the other hand shows better mass conservation features. These features are particularly attractive taking into account the importance of the correct prediction of the glass product's wall thickness. A smart mesh update strategy and a simple mechanical contact scheme are introduced. In order to account for temperature-dependent viscosity, the heat equation is coupled to the mechanical model. Viscosity is obtained from the temperature field via an empirical law. The model is validated and an example modeling the processes in the final blow mold of the bottle manufacturing process is proposed.
Abstract
We propose here a numerical model for a three-dimensional simulation of glass forming processes. Using the basic philosophy of the Particle Finite Element method (PFEM), we [...]
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Sensitivity analysis in a camera-LiDAR calibration model
A. García-Moreno, J. González-Barbosa, J. Hurtado-Ramos, F. Ornelas-Rodríguez, A. Ramírez-Pedraza

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2016). Vol. 32, 4

Abstract
Recently the data fusion between a camera and a depth sensor of LiDAR type, has become an issue of major concern in industry and engineering. The quality of the delivered 3D models depends greatly on a proper calibration between sensors. This paper presents a sensitivity analysis in a camera-lidar calibration model. The variability of each parameter was calculated individually by the Sobol method, based on ANOVA technique, and the FAST method, which is based on Fourier analysis. Multiple sets of parameters were simulated using Monte Carlo and Latin Hypercube methods for the purpose of comparing the results of the sensitivity analysis. We defined which parameters are the most sensitive and prone to introduce error into our reconstruction platform. Statistics for the total and global sensibility analysis for each sensor and for each parameter are presented. Furthermore, results on the sensitivity ratio on camera-LiDAR calibration, computational cost, time simulation, discrepancy and homogeneity in the simulated data are presented.
Abstract
Recently the data fusion between a camera and a depth sensor of LiDAR type, has become an issue of major concern in industry and engineering. The quality of the delivered [...]
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Reliability based design optimization of a multi‐axial load cell using genetic algorithm
L. Corso, H. Gomes, G. Mezzomo, A. Molter

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2016). Vol. 32, 4

Abstract
The manufacturing process of a multi‐axial load cell requires robust tools to analyze the structural behavior when it is subjected to static and dynamic loads. In this work, it is given focus to the problem of optimizing a multi‐axial load cell model (6 load components) of Lywood type considering concepts of reliability‐based design optimization. The reliability structural analysis problem is handled including the variability effect of geometric and physical properties. The load cell is analyzed by finite element method and the reliability constraint is applied to the strength limit. The objective is the maximization of the first natural frequency and simultaneously reducing the mass and corresponding strains without violating reliability limit set as a limit. Comparisons between the deterministic optimization procedure and the proposed method are presented and it is found that the deterministic optimization points may have a high probability of failure so justifying in this type of problem the reliability‐based optimization. Different values of the safety factor were also tested with the optimization model, and it was possible to analyze, a posteriori, the reliability of the optimization results.
Abstract
The manufacturing process of a multi‐axial load cell requires robust tools to analyze the structural behavior when it is subjected to static and dynamic loads. In this work, [...]
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Use of low‐resolution CT scans for construction of detailed geometric models of mandibles with and without teeth
M. Vasco, M. Castellano, J. López, E. Casas

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2016). Vol. 32, 1

Abstract
Detailed geometric models of a mandible can improve the accuracy of computer simulations. However, cost, time and qualified labor available for their construction may hinder or delay the task. The purpose of this article is to describe a technique for reconstructing a mandible with and without teeth from clinical CT scans of low resolution. The method allows modeling geometric details usually difficult to reconstruct with these scans, such as the periodontal ligament. The models of a toothless and toothed mandible resulting from the process are available online for non‐commercial use. The models can be used in various fields such as orthodontics, implantology, orthopedics and traumatology as presented or as a basis for simulations.
Abstract
Detailed geometric models of a mandible can improve the accuracy of computer simulations. However, cost, time and qualified labor available for their construction may hinder [...]
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Application of generalized integral and conformal transforms on the solution of a problem of laminar forced convection inside annular sector ducts
T. Alves, R. Ramos, C. Maia

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2016). Vol. 32, 4

Abstract
This work describes a hybrid analytical‐numerical solution employing the Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT) to forced convection heat transfer in hydrodynamically fully developed and thermally non‐developed Newtonian laminar flow inside annular sector ducts under Dirichlet boundary conditions, considering uniform temperature entrance profile. In order to facilitate the analytical treatment and the application of the boundary conditions, a Conformal Transform was utilized to change the domain into a more suitable coordinate system. Thereafter, the GITT was applied on the energy equation to obtain the temperature field. Numerical results were obtained for quantities of practical interest, such as bulk mean temperature, local and average Nusselt number, and thermal entry length. These results were compared, as much as possible, with the parameter values available in the literature and they presented a good agreement.
Abstract
This work describes a hybrid analytical‐numerical solution employing the Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT) to forced convection heat transfer in hydrodynamically [...]
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Experimentation, simulation and analysis of improvised explosive devices-explosively formed projectile
J. Yenes, R. Castedo, A. Santos, J. Simón

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2016). Vol. 32, 1

Abstract
Within the category of improvised explosive devices are those that form explosively formed projectiles which penetrate armor and armored systems, such as those used by insurgents against allied forces in operational areas. The purpose of this study is to reproduce and understand the behavior of these improvised explosive devices capable of generating high-velocity, high penetration projectiles. Understanding their behavior will allow for improved knowledge about them, and thus will allow us to more effectively combat them. Thus, the corresponding tests were carried out and the results were obtained from the first characterizations of explosively formed projectiles built using traditional methods, just as a terrorist would have built them. Along with this, numerical models were created for each test simulating the entire event from beginning to impact on the target, including all the intermediate steps. There were three configurations tested and simulated using the software of finite element analysis, LS-DYNA®, a 2-D asymmetric configuration with Lagrangian meshes. The results obtained by the model were compared with data obtained in the experimental tests, yielding a high precision between simulated and tested data. With the data obtained in this study it can be concluded that the improvised explosive devices -explosively formed projectiles is a serious threat. Generated models will allow us to know more about these weapons, to reduce costs in the fight against the threat of improvised explosive devices-explosively formed projectiles and therefore against terrorism with explosively formed projectiles, and to have a holistic approach to the threat and to reduce the cost of experimentation. Minimize the experimental expense.
Abstract
Within the category of improvised explosive devices are those that form explosively formed projectiles which penetrate armor and armored systems, such as those used by insurgents [...]
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Structural damage identification in plates based on a model continuum damage
R. Corrêa, L. Stutz, R. Tenenbaum

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2016). Vol. 32, 1

Abstract
The present work addresses the structural damage identification problem in plates by using the flexibility matrix. The damage is continuously described by a cohesion parameter defined in the elastic structure domain. The damage identification problem is, then, defined as an optimization one, whose aim is to minimize, with respect to the cohesion field, a functional based on the difference between the experimental flexibility matrix and the corresponding one predicted by a finite element model of the structure. The particle swarm optimization method was considered to solve the optimization problem. The numerical tests of the proposed damage identification method are carried out taking into account a rectangular Kirchhoff plate with one clamped edge. The considered damage scenario is composed by two damaged regions and the mode shapes are corrupted with different additive noise levels. The numerical results show the potentiality of the proposed method in identifying damages from a reduced number of noise corrupted experimental data.
Abstract
The present work addresses the structural damage identification problem in plates by using the flexibility matrix. The damage is continuously described by a cohesion parameter [...]
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Probabilistic assessment of the seismic risk based on stiffness degradation
A. Barbat, Y. Vargas, L. Pujades, J. Hurtado

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2016). Vol. 32, 1

Abstract
The incremental dynamic analysis is a powerful tool for evaluating the seismic vulnerability and risk of buildings. It allows calculating the global damage of structures for different peak ground accelerations, PGA, and representing this result by means of damage curves. Such curves are currently used to obtain seismic risk scenarios at urban level. Even if the application of this method in a probabilistic environment requires a relevant computational effort, this has to be the reference method for determining those curves. Nevertheless, it would be of high practical interest to have a simpler method based, for instance, on pushover analysis, for assessing the seismic vulnerability and risk of buildings, which allows obtaining results similar to those based on the incremental dynamic analysis. Referring to the capacity-spectrum-based-methods, expert opinions have been used in previous researches for defining damage states thresholds starting from the yielding and the ultimate spectral displacement identified in the bilinear capacity spectrum. Therefore, we propose in this article a new procedure for defining the damage states thresholds, based on the stiffness degradation of reinforced concrete building, and a fully probabilistic approach is tackled by means of Monte Carlo simulations. It is demonstrated in the paper that the obtained results are in good agreement with those calculated using the incremental dynamic analysis.
Abstract
The incremental dynamic analysis is a powerful tool for evaluating the seismic vulnerability and risk of buildings. It allows calculating the global damage of structures for [...]
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Numerical simulation of the road bus structure submitted a offset frontal impact against a rigid wall
F. Goedel, I. Iturrioz, A. Jr., M. Walber

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2016). Vol. 32, 1

Abstract
This paper presents a parametric study of the offset frontal impact on a bus, in which is assessed independently an influence of each variable involved in this accident type. The scenario of offset frontal impact is surely one of the most severe accidents involving buses, once the same has part of your lateral totally damaged and can leave a large number of victims. The numerical simulation model uses an explicit analysis formed by beams elements which uses elastic‐plastic constitutive law, which takes into account the influence of strain rate. With this model a parametric study of global variables that can characterize this type of scenario is realized. Also are evaluated qualitatively real accidents happened on Brazilian roads. The discussion is finally presented, and serves as a first step in the search for improvements to be made to the structures of the bus, aiming to minimize the damage.
Abstract
This paper presents a parametric study of the offset frontal impact on a bus, in which is assessed independently an influence of each variable involved in this accident type. [...]
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Evaluation of the inelastic behavior of steel columns and frames subjected to minor‐axis bending
G. Gonçalves, A. Silva, R. Silveira

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2016). Vol. 32, 1

Abstract
This work presents an evaluation of the inelastic behavior of steel structures subjected to minor‐axis bending. Profiles type I and compact cross‐sections are considered. In these sections, the bent about weak axis presents important benefits, such as the ability to develop all of their plastic resistance without the occurrence of lateral torsional buckling. A nonlinear beam‐column element formulation is adopted, in which the steel yielding process is accounted by the refined plastic‐hinge method. In this method the effects of material yielding are captured by a parameter that reduces the structural member stiffness with the development of cross‐section plastic regions. The tangent modulus approach is used to consider the stiffness degradation caused by the increase in internal forces. Second–order effects, residual stresses and geometric imperfections are also considered in analysis. To define the cross‐section strength ultimate limit state, the study adopts strength surfaces that describe the interaction between internal forces — axial force and bending moment. The nonlinear equations at the structural system level are solved using the Newton‐Raphson iterative strategy coupled with path‐following methods. Isolated steel columns and portal frames are analyzed, and the results obtained are compared to those of other investigators. The comparison shows that the numerical methodology presented in this work is effective and can be used for predicting the behavior of steel structures with members under minor‐axis bending.
Abstract
This work presents an evaluation of the inelastic behavior of steel structures subjected to minor‐axis bending. Profiles type I and compact cross‐sections are considered. [...]
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Semianalytical method for contact mechanic among shaft and bearing of a submarine vehicle
J. Carrero-Blanco, M. Estrems, H. Sánchez

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2016). Vol. 32, 4

Abstract
The present study analyzes the best attachment of the propeller shaft of a submersible to his bearing, studying geometry of contact between those elements. A semi-analytical method based on the rules of the quadrature of the main values of Cauchy, the secant method and a numerical method for determining a tension map have been applied to the study of the contact surfaces between shaft and bearing. It is assumed that there are imperfections in the order of microns when machining the contact surfaces, which can produce subsurface damage that is possible, linked to pitting and the growth of fatigue cracks. Such failures not only will influence on the proper propulsive performance, but also on the watertightness conditions, which is related to the risk of ship integrity loss. The results let us to set design criteria, which account for the Youngs module and the importance of an adequate machining and further adjustment of clearances on the shaft-bearing system, thus improving the reliability of such elements.
Abstract
The present study analyzes the best attachment of the propeller shaft of a submersible to his bearing, studying geometry of contact between those elements. A semi-analytical [...]
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Optimization of furnace lateral supports by genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization
G. Simões, N. Ebecken

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2016). Vol. 32, 1

Abstract
Optimization of mechanical components is an important aspect of the engineering process; a well designed system will lead to money saving during the production phase and better machine life. In oil refineries and petrochemical plants, furnaces are incorporated into the process to supply thermal energy (heat) generated by fuel combustion, which is transmitted to a fluid flowing within a tube bundle, i.e., a coil. An important internal component of the furnace oil refinery is the system that supports the tube coil. This work is part of a research whose goal is to generate a new methodology for the investigation and search of the supports of the radiation zone refining furnace. This methodology represents as a whole the possibility of application of some evolutionary algorithms in the area of mechanical design of furnaces. For the optimization of the lateral supports two evolutionary algorithms are used, genetic algorithm and particle swarm algorithm. In this work a comparison between the two optimization methods chosen is carried out. Recent techniques of dynamic penalty, specifically adaptive penalty method are incorporated into the algorithms. The serviceability and strength requirements are considered in the design problem as specified in API560. The results show that the model converges to a very efficient solution without any engineer intervention. A real example is included to demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm.
Abstract
Optimization of mechanical components is an important aspect of the engineering process; a well designed system will lead to money saving during the production phase and better [...]
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Modeling and simulation of flow in fin-and-tube heat exchangers with phase change in the coolant side
E. Tuta, D. Díaz

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2016). Vol. 32, 1

Abstract
This paper presents the development of a computational tool for the simulation of flow behavior in the fin-and-tube heat exchangers with phase change in the coolant side, for which the finite volume method was used for exchanger modeling and representation of the connection of the tubes was made using graph theory. Because the hydrodynamic phenomena and the 2 phase flow is not well developed, the model supports various empirical correlations for calculating the pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient. As a result a computational tool for simulating of fin-and-tube heat exchangers that allows the modeling of the refrigerant flow in single phase or two-phase state was obtained. With the model of the exchanger was possible to predict the flow behavior of an evaporator under conditions of dry and wet fins give error values below 6% with respect to the experimental data.
Abstract
This paper presents the development of a computational tool for the simulation of flow behavior in the fin-and-tube heat exchangers with phase change in the coolant side, [...]
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Semi-explicit residual goal-oriented estimate for linear mechanics
R. Rosales, P. Díez

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2016). Vol. 32, 4

Abstract
We aim at defining a semi-explicit approach to estimate the error in quantities of interest associated with the Finite Element solution of a linear elasticity problem. The advocated procedure is split in two parts, an implicit error estimate for the adjoint problem and an explicit estimate assessing the error in the direct (primal) problem. The implicit part of the estimate (on the adjoint problem) embraces two phases, each consisting in projecting the error on “bubble” functional spaces. The projections are low-cost operations due to their local nature. The two phases account the error in the interior of the elements and the contribution of the elementary edges (associated with the tractions jump). The implicit character of this part is provided by the solution of the local problems in low-dimensional functional spaces. We also analyze the particular case of selecting one-dimensional functional spaces (setting the shape of the bubble and computing a scalar coefficient), which, in practice, make this part of the process explicit. The explicit part of the estimate consists in injecting in the weak primal residual the approximation of the adjoint error obtained in the first phase. This approach is similar to the DWR method but using a weak formulation of the residual and injecting an implicitly estimated adjoint error rather than a post-processed solution. The proposed methodology is validated in a numerical example
Abstract
We aim at defining a semi-explicit approach to estimate the error in quantities of interest associated with the Finite Element solution of a linear elasticity problem. The [...]
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Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment of Colombia with updating purposes of the Earthquake-Resistant Building Code for Bridges CCP-14
M. Salgado-Gálvez, G. Bernal, O. Cardona

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2016). Vol. 32, 4

Abstract
A recent update of the Colombian earthquake resistant building code for bridges (CCP-14) was developed by the Colombian Association for Earthquake Engineering (AIS). Among the different tasks developed, the values for the seismic design coefficients, compatible with the functional form of the selected elastic design spectra were established. For that reason an update of the probabilistic seismic hazard assessment was performed from which the seismic design coefficients have been estimated for Colombia. With respect to the latest national seismic hazard assessment, 5 more years of earthquake records and the consequent better understanding of the Colombian seismic environment are included in the analysis by updating the seismicity parameters of the seismogenetic sources and using ground motion prediction equations calibrated with local strong ground motion records. The seismic zonation maps for the three seismic design coefficients included in the CCP-14 are presented as well as the free online results visualization tool
Abstract
A recent update of the Colombian earthquake resistant building code for bridges (CCP-14) was developed by the Colombian Association for Earthquake Engineering (AIS). Among [...]
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MEXICAN TELECOM REFORM: PRIVATE INTEREST FIRST?
C. áLvarez

(2015). Vol. 8

Abstract
Telecommunications reform, one of the pillars of President Enrique Peña Nietos highly-publicized structural reforms, was enacted to recognize as human rights access to: (i) information and communications technology; and (ii) broadcasting and telecommunications services, including broadband and the Internet. The reform also gave the Mexican government the authority to sanction or even split up companies engaged in monopolistic practices, and to establish ad hoc restrictions to minimize undue market advantages for dominant industry players – defined as companies that capture 50 percent market share measured by number of users/audience, capacity or network infrastructure. This article explores several aspects of this new legislation, including regulatory agencies; media and plurality; audience and users’ rights; restrictions to minimize market manipulation; mergers; data retention and geo-localization; and access for persons with disabilities. It also examines various aspects of the legislative process, as well as some broader implications of the new law.
Abstract
Telecommunications reform, one of the pillars of President Enrique Peña Nietos highly-publicized structural reforms, was enacted to recognize as human rights access to: (i) [...]
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MEXICO'S UPSTREAM BUSINESS MODEL
G. Baker

(2015). Vol. 8

Abstract
A fundamental question concerning the upstream business model that is incorporated into the 2014 Energy Reform in Mexico concerns the intended evolution of the energy policy framework in which it appears. The situation of “before,” as alluded to in President Peñas remarks on March 18, 2015, was one in which Pemex served as the iconic state monopoly, and through which, by virtue of Article 6 of the now-abrogated Petroleum Law of 1958, all contracting was required to take place under restrictive terms that excluded the business model of an oil company. The government is now offering a mineral contract that approximates the business model of a mineral lease as understood diverse jurisdictions, including the U.S. and Mexico. There are important differences, however, ones that represent for the State and the prospective operator and layers of uncertainty and regulatory discretionality. As for the broader benefits for the country that the new involvement of oil companies might bring, there are a priori reasons for concern: the government seeks to sharply restrict the reporting of statistical data on the operations and discoveries of the oil companies, including Pemex. All such data are to be funneled through and managed by a single government agency (CNH), redolent of the way the way that Pemex has traditionally reported data. A decade will be needed to recast the national oil narrative in a way that allows for an evolution of the upstream regime in 2026 in which a mineral lease will be offered to oil companies.
Abstract
A fundamental question concerning the upstream business model that is incorporated into the 2014 Energy Reform in Mexico concerns the intended evolution of the energy policy [...]
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NATURAL PERSONS, JURIDICAL PERSONS AND LEGAL PERSONHOOD
E. Adriano

(2015). Vol. 8

Abstract
The study of commercial law can be divided into four basic categories: (a) individuals (natural persons); (b) objects of commerce; (c) legal instruments and (d) administrative and legal procedures. Business relations between individuals and business entities requires significant legal documentation, including atypical or nonstandard business contracts. A central feature of all business transactions is the “legal entity”, used by organizations worldwide to conduct business. In order for many businesses to carry out routine activities, they must have many of the same legal rights and responsibilities as natural persons. In a word, these entities require “legal personhood”. Which leads us to the question of Legitimation. The most widely used legal instruments are nonstandardized business contracts. In essense, this is the delineation of contracting parties as entities with well-defined rights and obligations. This authority depends, in turn, on the legitimacy of the “personhood” of the contracting parties, which is often a point of dispute in business relations. Regardless of whether one accepts the use of terms “legal entity” and “legal personhood”, they often give rise to immeasurable and diverse conflicts domestically, regional and at global level. This had led to efforts to improve the rules of the International Chamber of Commerce and improve legal models that provide guidance to diverse nations. We have reviewed the works of different authors concluding with the personal insights of Elvia Arcelia Quintana.
Abstract
The study of commercial law can be divided into four basic categories: (a) individuals (natural persons); (b) objects of commerce; (c) legal instruments and (d) administrative [...]
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ELECTORAL GOVERNANCE: MORE THAN JUST ELECTORAL ADMINISTRATION
L. Torres, E. Díaz

(2015). Vol. 8
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The Michoacanazo: A Case-Study of Wrongdoing in the Mexican Federal Judiciary
G. Ferreyra

(2015). Vol. 8

Abstract
The Michoacanazo was a federal criminal trial in Mexico prosecuted by the Attorney Generals Office against local and state public officials from the state of Michoacán who were indicted for having ties with the local drug cartel formally known as “La Familia Michoacana.” With the indictment, more than 30 public servants were arrested and sent to prison in a roundup carried out by the federal police in May 2009. Within a two-year period, all of those arrested were eventually released. This case had strong legal and political implications nationwide because it pitted the state of Michoacán against the federal government, as well as President Felipe Calderons administration against the Mexican Federal Judiciary. The Michoacanazo provides a glimpse into the inner workings of the Mexican federal judiciary when powerful interests collide, and corruption intermingles with politics, a drug cartel, and the complexities of handling drug-related trials.
Abstract
The Michoacanazo was a federal criminal trial in Mexico prosecuted by the Attorney Generals Office against local and state public officials from the state of Michoacán who [...]
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