Documents published in 2016 : Scipedia

Viability study of a system for filtercake remotion in pay zone of oil wells
W. ZhaoZheng, F. Xi, H. Romero Cortez, F. Ramos Aguirre

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2016). Vol. 7, (2), 50

Abstract
This article describes the essential ideas of an experimental procedure performed in order to check the filter-cake removal system is suitable for use like filter-cake removal system for pay zone. This system is made on aqueous phase and its concentration depend of the quantity of filtercake estimated in the wellbore of horizontal wells. This optimized the wellbore cleaning and increase the worth of well. The results of tests show that system could work, but it needs further analysis for determine the compatibility with fluids and rock from reservoir.
Abstract
This article describes the essential ideas of an experimental procedure performed in order to check the filter-cake removal system is suitable for use like filter-cake removal [...]
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Medicinal palms of the New World
A. Argüello Mejía

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2016). Vol. 7, (1), 49

Abstract
The present investigation comprehends a bibliographical summary of the medicinal uses of the palms in the New World. This compilation is based on publications stating medicinal uses of palms since mid XIX century. There are described the species of palms and its medicinal uses in various places in America. A list of species and the medicinal uses of each one is also included.
Abstract
The present investigation comprehends a bibliographical summary of the medicinal uses of the palms in the New World. This compilation is based on publications stating medicinal [...]
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Design and Implementation of an Automated Management Platform for P2P Transactions with Electronic Money
A. Alcocer, G. Olmedo

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2016). Vol. 7, (1), 48

Abstract
Electronic money is a payment tool implemented by the Ecuador’s Central Bank, it allows people to make commercial transactions using their cellphones; it can be used to pay into big chain stores like supermarkets, known as "macro agents", but it also can be employed for the consumption of goods and services into particular businesses such as restaurants or small shops by using “person to person” transfers known as P2P. However, the particular businesses present some disadvantages compared to the macro agents, the main one is the lack of a system that allows them to have a record of the transactions made with electronic money. This article details the design and implementation of a technological platform that allows all types of businesses and people to keep records of their P2P transactions into an automated system with the ability of generating payment’s balance sheets which can be easily viewed through Internet. A research was conducted in order to look for the most efficient technical solution to optimize the available resources. The use of this platform as an external tool extends the capabilities currently provided by the electronic money system.
Abstract
Electronic money is a payment tool implemented by the Ecuador’s Central Bank, it allows people to make commercial transactions using their cellphones; it can be used to [...]
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Management of productive reserves in a SME of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas
R. Martínez Vivar, A. Sánchez Rodríguez, G. García Vidal, R. Pérez Campdesuñer

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2016). Vol. 7, (1), 47

Abstract
The development of a methodology for the organization of work in the SME, which enables the identification of existing productive reserves and thus a consequent improvement of the indica-tors of labor productivity is the goal of the present investigation. To achieve this objective a pro-cess adapted to the conditions of the object of practical study, which from a holistic approach al-lowed the realization of analysis for the proposed organization of work. The main results can be highlighted the following: the existence of a waste of working time 15% primarily determined by wasting time in the day, likewise it allowed identifying the limiting capacity of the production pro-cess of the natural medicine Prostageron, as well as problems associated with noise, vibration, lighting and ventilation were identified, although there are no major problems that could harm the health of workers. Finally he was able to increase labor productivity in 35.42% compared with the analysis developed linked to the detected limited capacity, while in this first analysis for field observation can indicate the possibility of a production increase of 327%
Abstract
The development of a methodology for the organization of work in the SME, which enables the identification of existing productive reserves and thus a consequent improvement [...]
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Modeling and numerical simulation of the Richards equation for infiltration problems
I. Naula Reina, G. Albuja Proaño, R. Carrillo Flores, C. Izurieta Cabrera

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2016). Vol. 7, (1), 46

Abstract
One of the most important natural resources we have is the soil and it is of great interest to the society to take care of them and not to pollute it. In the study of this issue, we are going to consider one of the most common forms of soil contamination due to an infiltration process. It is therefore that it is essential to address study and clearly understand this process by developing a mathematician model, which will be a representation of this physicist phenomenon. Then design and implement a computer program that simulates the infiltration of liquid pollutants in a given area. In this paper we will develop a mathematical model for two-dimensional infiltration in the saturated zone of porous media, based on the equation in nonlinear partial differential Richards Also, It will present a numerical solution through finite element method and first order This paper shows the computational implementation using a simulator that presents graphically the process of pollution afflicting the ground, exposed to certain pollutants, such as the oil spill in regions of eastern Ecuador, wastewater near industrial complexes, among others, over a certain period of time. Finally, this paper will allow for remedial studies in the case are already contaminated soils or preventive areas established as hazardous.
Abstract
One of the most important natural resources we have is the soil and it is of great interest to the society to take care of them and not to pollute it. In the study of this [...]
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Composition and diversity of High Andean in the Fauna Production Reserve Chimborazo, Ecuador
J. Caranqui, P. Lozano, J. Reyes

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2016). Vol. 7, (1), 45

Abstract
The present study inquire the floristic diversity of 9 sampling in four plots of 1 m² of high andean in several locations in the “Reserva de Producción de Fauna Chimborazo”. For the development of this study, we used an adaptation of the method of plots “Gloria”. With coverage (%) in each of the plots, Further the diversity indices and similarity with respective analysis were obtained. The data obtained reflect a diversity that can range from medium to low, believe that this is due to anthropogenic activities that have taken place in these ecosistems. With the presence mostly Calamagrostis intermedia, it could establish that the type of vegetation is herbaceous in high andean is higher percentage; is the species that is almost always present in most types of vegetation of the RPF Chimborazo and high dominance that influences the results of low floristic diversity indices was found in the analysis. As a result the most abundant family Asteraceae is well Poaceae.
Abstract
The present study inquire the floristic diversity of 9 sampling in four plots of 1 m² of high andean in several locations in the “Reserva de Producción de Fauna Chimborazo”. [...]
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Biodegradation of organic contaminants from the dairy industry
D. Prócel, P. Posligua, C. Banchón

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2016). Vol. 7, (1), 44

Abstract
One of the environmental aspects of high impact in dairy industries is the discharge of wastewaters, because of contaminating organic matter as well as the substantial generation of effluents. In the present study, a biofiltration of effluents from a dairy industry in San Miguel de Nono (Ecuador) with a pollution load of 10.000 mg/L in terms of chemical oxygen demand and turbidity of 799 NTU was implemented. The system with a capacity of 55 L per batch consisted of three biofilters in series and activated zeolite assisted clarification. Organic degradation reached 98,9%; turbidity removal was 95,2%, 94,4% of nitrogen and 89,1% of phosphorus. The presence of milk fat did not decrease the efficiency of the biofiltration but increased the removal of suspended matter and pH neutralisation in the clarification. The optimal operating time was 6 hours under aerobic conditions.
Abstract
One of the environmental aspects of high impact in dairy industries is the discharge of wastewaters, because of contaminating organic matter as well as the substantial generation [...]
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Dairy industry wastewater electrocoagulation
P. López, A. Harnisth

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2016). Vol. 7, (1), 43

Abstract
The dairy industry generates lots of water discharge processes, these wastewater are discharged directly into water sources without any pretreatment. . In order to solve this problem there is a treating technique called electrocoagulation that treat of waste water with high organic load. There are three factors to carry out the electrocoagulation process as: time, number of plates and system voltage. After completing the set up and running the experiment, the electrocoagulation treatment efficiency was evident, as the approximate percentage of COD removal was 93%, 82% of BOD5 and 76% of SS.
Abstract
The dairy industry generates lots of water discharge processes, these wastewater are discharged directly into water sources without any pretreatment. . In order to solve this [...]
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Implementation of lean manufacturing in a food enterprise
J. Viteri Moya, E. Matute Déleg, C. Viteri Sánchez, N. Rivera Vásquez

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2016). Vol. 7, (1), 42

Abstract
The current industrial competitiveness requires companies to adopt better production methodologies, in order to reduce costs and maximize profits. This is where the adoption of lean manufacturing culture in organizations can generate changes in mentality that focus on free trade of all types of waste, without neglecting the quality. This research aimed to implement the thinking and principles of this philosophy in a food processing company to use resources efficiently, reduce costs and generate higher profits. More than performing a process map and detailed description of key operational processes, three tools of lean manufacturing were used. With 5s was established a clean and orderly work, with the tool just in time waste of different nature including cycle time production decreased; and with VSM the value chain and the new way of working was plotted, without waste.
Abstract
The current industrial competitiveness requires companies to adopt better production methodologies, in order to reduce costs and maximize profits. This is where the adoption [...]
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Advanced solid elements for sheet metal forming simulation
V. Mataix Ferrándiz, R. Rossi, E. Oñate, F. flores

(2016). Journal of Physics: Conferences Series, Cesar de Sa J. M. A., Neto E. S., Cardoso R. P. R., Adetoro O. B. (eds), Vol. 734 (3), pp. 032128

Abstract
The solid-shells are an attractive kind of element for the simulation of forming processes, due to the fact that any kind of generic 3D constitutive law can be employed without any additional hypothesis. The present work consists in the improvement of a triangular prism solid-shell originally developed by Flores. The solid-shell can be used in the analysis of thin/thick shell, undergoing large deformations. The element is formulated in total Lagrangian formulation, and employs the neighbour (adjacent) elements to perform a local patch to enrich the displacement field. In the original formulation a modified right Cauchy-Green deformation tensor (C) is obtained; in the present work a modified deformation gradient (F) is obtained, which allows to generalise the methodology and allows to employ the Pull-Back and Push-Forwards operations. The element is based in three modifications: (a) a classical assumed strain approach for transverse shear strains (b) an assumed strain approach for the in-plane components using information from neighbour elements and (c) an averaging of the volumetric strain over the element. The objective is to use this type of elements for the simulation of shells avoiding transverse shear locking, improving the membrane behaviour of the in-plane triangle and to handle quasi-incompressible materials or materials with isochoric plastic flow.
Abstract
The solid-shells are an attractive kind of element for the simulation of forming processes, due to the fact that any kind of generic 3D constitutive law can be employed without [...]
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A reduced order modeling approach for optimal allocation of Distributed Generation in power distribution systems
R. García-Blanco, P. Diez, D. Borzacchiello, F. Chinesta

International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON) (2016). (preprint) pp, 1-6

Abstract
This paper presents an “offline-online” strategy for optimal allocation and sizing of Distributed Generation. In traditional optimization approaches, each function evaluation requires the solution of a power flow problem, which makes global optimality a computationally challenging goal. In the proposed strategy the power flow solver is invoked only once and a parametric solution is constructed with a monolithic solver. Despite the fact that the parametrized power flow equations result in a high-dimensional problem, the proposed algorithm is specifically designed to circumvent the curse of dimensionality. This is achieved through the application of Model Reduction, in particular the Proper Generalized Decomposition combined with a nonlinear solver. Numerical examples are carried out for showing the validity of the proposed method.
Abstract
This paper presents an “offline-online” strategy for optimal allocation and sizing of Distributed Generation. In traditional optimization approaches, each function [...]
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Unified formulation of a family of iterative solvers for power system analysis
F. Chinesta, P. Diez, D. Borzacchiello, M. Malik, R. García-Blanco

Electric Power Systems Research (2016). (Preprint) Vol. 140, pp. 201-208

Abstract
This paper illustrates the construction of a new class of iterative solvers for power flow calculations based on the method of Alternating Search Directions. This method is fit to the particular algebraic structure of the power flow problem resulting from the combination of a globally linear set of equations and nonlinear local relations imposed by power conversion devices, such as loads and generators. The choice of the search directions is shown to be crucial for improving the overall robustness of the solver. A noteworthy advantage is that constant search directions yield stationary methods that, in contrast with Newton or Quasi-Newton methods, do not require the evaluation of the Jacobian matrix. Such directions can be elected to enforce the convergence to the high voltage operative solution. The method is explained through an intuitive example illustrating how the proposed generalized formulation is able to include other nonlinear solvers that are classically used for power flow analysis, thus offering a unified view on the topic. Numerical experiments are performed on publicly available benchmarks for large distribution and transmission systems.
Abstract
This paper illustrates the construction of a new class of iterative solvers for power flow calculations based on the method of Alternating Search Directions. This method is [...]
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Numerical modeling of undersea acoustics using a partition of unity method with plane waves enrichment
R. Hospital-Bravo, J. Sarrate, P. Diez

Computational Mechanics (2016). (Preprint) Vol. 57 (5), pp. 717-732

Abstract
A new 2D numerical model to predict the underwater acoustic propagation is obtained by exploring the potential of the Partition of Unity Method (PUM) enriched with plane waves. The aim of the work is to obtain sound pressure level distributions when multiple operational noise sources are present, in order to assess the acoustic impact over the marine fauna. The model takes advantage of the suitability of the PUM for solving the Helmholtz equation, especially for the practical case of large domains and medium frequencies. The seawater acoustic absorption and the acoustic reflectance of the sea surface and sea bottom are explicitly considered, and perfectly matched layers (PML) are placed at the lateral artificial boundaries to avoid spurious reflexions. The model includes semi-analytical integration rules which are adapted to highly oscillatory integrands with the aim of reducing the computational cost of the integration step. In addition, we develop a novel strategy to mitigate the ill-conditioning of the elemental and global system matrices. Specifically, we compute a low-rank approximation of the local space of solutions, which in turn reduces the number of degrees of freedom, the CPU time and the memory footprint. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the capabilities of the model and to assess its accuracy.
Abstract
A new 2D numerical model to predict the underwater acoustic propagation is obtained by exploring the potential of the Partition of Unity Method (PUM) enriched with plane waves. [...]
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Adaptividade e estimativas de erro orientadas por metas aplicadas a um benchmark test de propagação de onda
L. Steffens, P. Diez, M. Alves

Tendências em Matemática Aplicada e Computacional (2016). (preprint) Vol. 17 (1), pp. 35-53

Abstract
O objetivo deste artigo é estudar a eficiência e a robustez de técnicas adaptativas e estimativas de erro orientadas por metas para um benchmark test. As técnicas utilizadas aqui são baseadas em um simples pós-processo das aproximações de elementos finitos. As estimativas de erro orientadas por metas são obtidas por analisar o problema direto e um problema auxiliar, o qual está relacionado com a quantidade de interesse específico. O procedimento proposto é válido para quantidades lineares e não-lineares. Além disso, são discutidas diferentes representações para o erro e é analisada a influência do erro de dispersão. Os resultados numéricos mostram que as estimativas de erro fornecem boas aproximações ao erro real e que a técnica de refino adaptativo proposta conduz a uma redução mais rápida do erro.
Abstract
O objetivo deste artigo é estudar a eficiência e a robustez de técnicas adaptativas e estimativas de erro orientadas por metas para um benchmark test. [...]
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The sisters of the Charity, first nurses of Barquisimeto
L. Valles

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2016). 29

Abstract
n 1578, twenty-five years after the city of Nueva Segovia de Barquisimeto was founded, the first sick care center was created in Lara State and Venezuela, which were attended by slaves, this sick shelter was called "Hospital de Santiago" organized by the Spanish conquerors and promoted by the Cleric Pedro del Castillo, it would later be called "Hospital of San Lazaro" that would prevail between 1812 and 1837. Then the "Hospital de La Caridad" was inaugurated in 1918 (Figures 1, 2 and 3) by its main promoter, Dr. Antonio María Pineda, built on the "solar or patio" where the former San Lázaro Hospital (1,2,3), on Obispo Street, (currently Carrera 15 between streets) 25 and 26 of Barquisimeto, Lara State, Venezuela), operating there until 1954, when it would move to its current headquarters north of Avenida Vargas de Barquisimeto, being for this moment the best hospital structure of Venezuela (Figure 4). The Director of the Hospital La Caridad, brought the sisters of La Caridad (Sisters of St. Joseph of Tarbes), who promoted the charity bazaars, organized by the Daughters of Charity Society, which Dr. Pineda himself trained in Barquisimeto, Cabudare , Quibor, Siquisique, Bobare, Yaritagua and Río Claro (Lara and Yaracuy states), where Las Daughters of La Caridad, not only collected money, but all kinds of objects that were raffled, highlighting especially an activity for the benefit of the Hospital carried out in the old Teatro Juárez (Barquisimeto, Venezuela), on April 19, 1918 (declared charity day) (1,2,3).
Abstract
n 1578, twenty-five years after the city of Nueva Segovia de Barquisimeto was founded, the first sick care center was created in Lara State and Venezuela, which were attended [...]
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Amoebic granulomatous encephalitis in an immunocompetent patient
R. Matos, J. Ruiz, L. Casanova, G. Gonzalez

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2016). 28

Abstract
Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis is an infrequent clinical entity, usually present in immunocompromised persons, where the few cases reported in the literature are due to infections by free-living amoebas present throughout the world, standing out as the most common agents, the Acanthamoeba sp. and Balamuthia mandrillaris. It is characterized by an insidious clinical course, that can be prolonged, but equally fatal. The clinic corresponds to that of intracerebral space occupying lesions, with seizures and focal deficits such as hemiparesis and cranial nerve lesions. Alterations of the sensorium, headache and neck stiffness are equally common, however, fever is usually sporadic and low grade. Occasionally there are pictures of pneumonitis, kidney or liver failure and sepsis.
Abstract
Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis is an infrequent clinical entity, usually present in immunocompromised persons, where the few cases reported in the literature are due to [...]
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Notes for the history of health care in sarare, state of lara, venezuela.
N. Mascia

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2016). 27

Abstract
This essay has the purpose of contributing to the historical reconstruction of the processes, protagonists and health care institutions of Sarare, in the Simón Planas municipality of the } Lara state between the 18th and 19th centuries; also contributing in this way to the social history, to the citizen identity and to the regional history of the medical sciences.
Abstract
This essay has the purpose of contributing to the historical reconstruction of the processes, protagonists and health care institutions of Sarare, in the Simón Planas municipality [...]
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José María Margas: university reform in Caracas 1827-1829, medicine and public health
C. Lizarzado

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2016). 26

Abstract
The object of the present work of documentary and bibliographic research is to reconstruct the academic and administrative process carried out by Jose Maria Vargas at the Central University in Caracas during the period 1827-1829 upon the implementation of the Decree on the reorganization of this University signed by Simón Bolívar on June 24, 1827. In this set of changes, the creation of the Anatomy Chair at the university is examined as part of the curriculum reform for the formation of the doctor. The importance of the Chair is emphasized because it constituted the essential unit that organized the university teaching work to grant the academic degrees of Senior, Bachelor, Master and Doctor in the professions of Medicine, Laws and Theology by then. In this order of ideas, aspects of the University reform including the issue of public health are identified as part of the preparation of the doctor. Written evidence is left of this documentary review about the projection and scope of the lectures conducted by Vargas when showing partial data of his disciples and with them cognitive and social institutionalization of Medicine in Venezuela during the nineteenth century.
Abstract
The object of the present work of documentary and bibliographic research is to reconstruct the academic and administrative process carried out by Jose Maria Vargas at the [...]
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Physical hazardous factors and demographic-labor characteristics in workers of an electrical factory
M. Rodriguez, M. Mujica

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2016). 25

Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted with the objective of analyzing the factors of physical hazards anddemographic-labor characteristics of the workers of an electric corporation in Barquisimeto, Lara State, 91persons attached to the departments of works and design were the population; it was considered a probabilisticsample of 75 workers through a stratified sampling by proportional affixation. A questionnaire was designed(validated according to the judgment of experts and with a Cronbach alpha coefficient = 0.847)
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted with the objective of analyzing the factors of physical hazards anddemographic-labor characteristics of the workers of an electric corporation [...]
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Clinical characteristics of the injuries by prevalent labor accidents in workers of a plastic company.
M. Duran, M. Mujica

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2016). 24

Abstract
A cross-sectional investigation was carried out with the objective of analyzing the clinical characteristics of the injuries caused by work-related accidents prevalent in workers of a Plastics Company. The population consisted of 105 records of medical records of workers who suffered accidents at work; 86 records formed the sample estimated by probabilistic sampling, the selection was made with the table of random numbers.
Abstract
A cross-sectional investigation was carried out with the objective of analyzing the clinical characteristics of the injuries caused by work-related accidents [...]
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Serum levels of il-8, il-10, il-13, ifnγ and tnfα in pediatric patients with acute infection with different dengue virus serotypes
J. Casavilca, W. Lopez, E. Mosquera, A. Guerrero, I. Alvarez

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2016). 23

Abstract
Dengue is an acute febrile disease caused by four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes whose prevalence in the Americas has quintupled between 2003 and 2013. The immune response against the infection with dengue virus involves cellular and humoral factors. We performed an observational and cross-sectional study to evaluate the levels of interleukins of the innate immune response (IL-8, TNFα), TH1 response (IFNγ), TH2 (IL-13) and regulatory (IL-10) in serum of patients during the acute phase of infection with the DENV1, DENV3 and DENV4 serotypes.
Abstract
Dengue is an acute febrile disease caused by four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes whose prevalence in the Americas has quintupled between 2003 and 2013. The immune response [...]
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Clinical and epidemiological characterization of abortions in adolescents, Dr Israel Ranuarez Balza Guárico State Hospital, 2013.
A. Gonzalez, A. Rodriguez

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2016). 22

Abstract
Abortion in adolescents is a public health problem, because the complications arising from its practice are the main cause of death from 10 to 19 years, taking place under conditions that threaten the life, health and integrity of women. In the present investigation, the objective was to characterize clinically and epidemiologically abortions in adolescents seen in the Dr. Israel Ranuarez Balza" Hospital of the Guárico State during 2013. The methodology was a cross-sectional descriptive investigation.
Abstract
Abortion in adolescents is a public health problem, because the complications arising from its practice are the main cause of death from 10 to 19 years, taking place [...]
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Intestinal parasitosis in different indigenous communities zulia state, venezuela.
A. Mora, K. Martinez, A. Roldan, Z. Rodriguez, R. Tello, R. Perozo

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2016). 21

Abstract
Parasitic diseases represent a public health problem worldwide, affecting all social classes, especially those lower socioeconomic strata. To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in different indigenous communities in the Zulia state, Venezuela, 232 fecal samples corresponding to individuals of both sexes, aged .
Abstract
Parasitic diseases represent a public health problem worldwide, affecting all social classes, especially those lower socioeconomic strata. To determine the prevalence [...]
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Public Health and its determinants.
R. Gásperi

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2016). 20

Abstract
Working conditions, housing and housing including all basic services, schooling, education, free time, citizen security, food and civil liberties, together constitute the conditions for people to enjoy a minimum level of Health. Likewise, equitable access to health care must be the primary objective of any health policy, so studying these elements has been a public health concern as a discipline for many years.
Abstract
Working conditions, housing and housing including all basic services, schooling, education, free time, citizen security, food and civil liberties, together constitute the [...]
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Intestinal microbiota and its relationship to metabolic disorders
A. Corro, N. Matheus, C. Medina

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2016). 19

Abstract
The complex of organisms that inhabit the intestine and which includes a large number of bacteria, fungi, yeasts, viruses and phage is known as Intestinal Microbiota (MI). The balance between the MI, the epithelial barrier and the local immune system determines intestinal homeostasis in the healthy subject. MI is important in regulating the rescue and energy expenditure, as well as in fat storage and food intake in the host. Due to the increasing impact of metabolic disorders in society, the need to compile, summarize and analyze the most relevant bibliography on recent advances in the understanding of the intestinal microbiota and its possible relationship with these disorders. Investigations with experimental rodent models suggest that the bacterial composition, functional genes and metabolic activities of IM are altered in subjects with obesity, metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes (DT2). In addition, it appears that dietary fat is also an important factor affecting the composition of MI, as well as the barrier function of the intestine and therefore, plasma levels of LPS, producing a metabolic endotoxemia that could contribute to the development low-grade systemic inflammation, insulin resistance and DT2. Finally, recent research in rodents indicates that there is a relationship between MI and the pathogenesis of obesity, metabolic syndrome and even DT2.
Abstract
The complex of organisms that inhabit the intestine and which includes a large number of bacteria, fungi, yeasts, viruses and phage is known as Intestinal Microbiota [...]
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Ecoeducation as a linking tool between ecohealth and one health
M. Jiménez

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2016). 18

Abstract
This essay aims to contribute to the knowledge and dissemination of new social sciences methodologies applicable to health sciences, which seeks to illustrate the reader about the various current tools that allow, on the one hand, to achieve the necessary changes in the attitudes to improve the live conditions of specific populations in which social needs have been previously diagnosed even under the point of view the biomedical sciences are in accordance with the environment and respect for it; and on the other hand, to demonstrate the imperative need to work in multidisciplinary teams in the search to reduce the factors affect the quality of life of individuals and thus improve statistics and health expectations
Abstract
This essay aims to contribute to the knowledge and dissemination of new social sciences methodologies applicable to health sciences, which seeks to illustrate the reader about [...]
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It is posible to speak of health from disability
H. Sanoja

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2016). 17

Abstract
The following essay is a discussion about the possibility of conceptualizing health from disability; to do a review on current notions of health and disability was performed. The concept of health has gone through a continuous process of signification which reached its turning point in 1948, the definition adopted by the World Health Organization. Currently there is no single definition about the aspirations of the standard of living that people aspire to achieve, therefore, any new definition of health must be organic, systemic, dynamic and positive. More than sixty years of the definition of health, the reality is that there are problems related to health conditions such as disability that have been measuring invariably from the biomedical model, in that sense, it seems that it is impossible to understand the disability beyond the eternal disease. Following the adoption in 2001 of the International Classification of Functioning, health and disability, opened new vistas in the field, the redirection of vision disability on expectations placed on the functioning of people and the multidirectional interactions that arise between people and context in which it operates autonomously. To do this, a conceptualization of health, which transcends the realm of the purely corporeal involving factors such representations and socio-environmental relationships are raised
Abstract
The following essay is a discussion about the possibility of conceptualizing health from disability; to do a review on current notions of health and disability was performed. [...]
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Enteroparasites paper money circulating in the shaft Barquisimeto-Cabudare, Lara State, Venezuela.
L. Valles, E. Cárdenas, G. Jaspe, M. Jaspe, K. Heredia, L. Morantes, G. Agobian

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2016). 16

Abstract
A descriptive, cross sectional study was carried out to examine the enteroparasite contamination of 300 banknotes of the six denominations that circulate in the Barquisimeto-Cabudare urban axis (2,5,10,20,50 and 100 BsF), through the washing of each with 100 ml of water with 20% Tween 20 for 5 minutes each side and with the aid of a sterile brush, this volume was placed in two, plastic centrifuge tubes (clean) allowed to decant for two hours , Then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to observe the pellet with saline and lugol with 100X and 400X magnification. An abundance of enteroparasites was obtained in contaminated banknotes of 29% (87/300), with a diversity of four taxa. Blastocystis sp. (68 of 87 contaminated), Endolimax nana (16/87), Giardia sp. (2/87) and Entamoeba coli (1/87); Banknotes with less denomination were more contaminated than those with the highest denomination and 96,6% of the contaminated banknotes were dirty, while only 3,4% of the contaminated banknotes were clean or new banknotes. No helminth eggs were observed. It is concluded that tickets in this area are an important element (fomites) in the direct transmission of intestinal protozoa from one person to another.
Abstract
A descriptive, cross sectional study was carried out to examine the enteroparasite contamination of 300 banknotes of the six denominations that circulate in the Barquisimeto-Cabudare [...]
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Enteroparasites in residents of Almirante Padilla municipality, Zulia State, Venezuela
Á. Bracho, Z. Rivero, K. Banquet, F. Sánchez, I. Corzo, R. Atencio, R. Villalobos

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2016). 15

Abstract
Intestinal parasitosis are widely distributed in the world, constituting a public health problem. To evaluate whether the geographical and ecological conditions of the island municipality Almirante Padilla of Zulia State influence the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis of its inhabitants, 87 fecal samples corresponding to individuals of any age and sex were analyzed. Each sample was subjected to direct coproparasitological methods (SSF 0.85% and lugol), formalin-ether concentration method (Ritchie), Kinyoun stain and agar plate technique (Arakaki) for recovery and diagnosis Strongyloides stercoralis larvae. The prevalence of intestinal parasites in the study population was 50.57% (44/87), which prevailed monoparasitism with 52.27% (23/44). Among the parasitized individuals, 29.89% (26/87) of cases corresponded to Chromista Blastocystis sp., followed by Entamoeba complex (13.79%), Endolimax nana (13.79%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (13,79%). Strongyloides stercoralis or intestinal coccidia was not detected. The age group most affected were children aged 2 to 6 years of age (p
Abstract
Intestinal parasitosis are widely distributed in the world, constituting a public health problem. To evaluate whether the geographical and ecological conditions of the island [...]
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Propitiating psychoeducational strategies for the teacher as counselor and promoter of mental health for children and youth.
M. Hernández

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2016). 14

Abstract
The objective of this research focused on the design of a psychoeducational program to promote the role of the teacher as a mentor and promoter of child and adolescent mental health Estadal Basic School "Julio Teodoro Arze" of the Conception Parish Barquisimeto, Lara State. Its main purpose was to contribute to the formation of human beings I integrate mental health, able to live harmoniously in society. It was based on theoretical research and theories that support the teacher's role as counselor and promoting mental health. Methodologically, this study was framed in the modality of feasible project, contentivo of the first three phases, supported by field research of a descriptive nature. With a population of 22 teachers who were applied an instrument that measured the need for training in their role as mentor and promoter of the mental health of the child and adolescent population; it was validated by expert opinion and its reliability was established by Alfha and Cronbach reliability coefficient Kuder - Richardson obtaining high reliability. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed the need for a psychoeducational program to promote the role of the teacher as a mentor and promoter of mental health. The other phases of the study determined the market feasibility, technical and financial as well as program design. Finally the conclusions that led response to the objectives and recommendations for the use of the program were developed.
Abstract
The objective of this research focused on the design of a psychoeducational program to promote the role of the teacher as a mentor and promoter of child and adolescent mental [...]
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Cour years of the RVSP
L. Valles

Rev Vzlana Salud Pub (2016). 13

Abstract
The Venezuelan Public Health Magazine (RVSP) is now four years old, with eight numbers to its credit, accumulating a total of 67 articles, for an average of 8 per number; it has been a hard but comforting work, which is appreciated when seeing its fruits, where only, to mention to the technological platform of the UCLA (http://bibvirtual.ucla.edu.ve/RVSP/), they are presented more than 133,000 entries or queries, where the most widely read article has been the contamination of cabbage enteroparasitaria, with 45,000 entries, or to mention another platform such as ISSUU, where only the second number has 1937 readings, plus 28,178 impressions, according to the origin of the consultant, in order of frequency, appear Venezuela, Mexico, Spain, Peru, Ecuador, Argentina, Guatemala and the Dominican Republic, or in the case of IMBIOMED (Mexican Index of Latin American Biomedical Journals), with more than 6000 entries, auditable. All this is very pleasing because the visibility of the journal is increasing every day, which allows thousands of users who rely on RVSP to be a safe source of knowledge in Public Health.
Abstract
The Venezuelan Public Health Magazine (RVSP) is now four years old, with eight numbers to its credit, accumulating a total of 67 articles, for an average of 8 per number; [...]
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A pseudo-compressible variational multiscale solver for turbulent incompressible flows
L. Yang, S. Badia, R. Codina

Computational Mechanics (2016). Vol. 58 (6), pp. 1051-1069

Abstract
In this work, we design an explicit time-stepping solver for the simulation of the incompressible turbulent flow through the combination of VMS methods and artificial compressibility. We evaluate the effect of the artificial compressibility on the accuracy of the explicit formulation for under-resolved LES simulations. A set of benchmarks have been solved, e.g., the 3D Taylor–Green vortex problem in turbulent regimes. The resulting method is proven to be an effective alternative to implicit methods in some application ranges (in terms of problem size and computational resources), providing comparable results with very low memory requirements. As an example, with the explicit approach, we are able to solve accurately the Taylor-Green vortex benchmark in a fine mesh with 5123cells on a 12 cores 64 GB ram machine.
Abstract
In this work, we design an explicit time-stepping solver for the simulation of the incompressible turbulent flow through the combination of VMS methods and artificial compressibility. [...]
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Residual‐based stabilization of the finite element approximation to the acoustic perturbation equations for low Mach number aeroacoustics
O. Guasch, P. Sánchez-Martín, A. Pont, J. Baiges, R. Codina

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids (2016). Vol. 82, pp. 839-857

Abstract
The acoustic perturbation equations (APE) are suitable to predict aerodynamic noise in the presence of a non‐uniform mean flow. As for any hybrid computational aeroacoustics approach, a first computational fluid dynamics simulation is carried out from which the mean flow characteristics and acoustic sources are obtained. In a second step, the APE are solved to get the acoustic pressure and particle velocity fields. However, resorting to the finite element method (FEM) for that purpose is not straightforward. Whereas mixed finite elements satisfying an appropriate inf–sup compatibility condition can be built in the case of no mean flow, that is, for the standard wave equation in mixed form, these are difficult to implement and their good performance is yet to be checked for more complex wave operators. As a consequence, strong simplifying assumptions are usually considered when solving the APE with FEM. It is possible to avoid them by resorting to stabilized formulations. In this work, a residual‐based stabilized FEM is presented for the APE at low Mach numbers, which allows one to deal with the APE convective and reaction terms in its full extent. The key of the approach resides in the design of the matrix of stabilization parameters. The performance of the formulation and the contributions of the different terms in the equations are tested for an acoustic pulse propagating in sheared‐solenoidal mean flow, and for the aeolian tone generated by flow past a two‐dimensional cylinder.
Abstract
The acoustic perturbation equations (APE) are suitable to predict aerodynamic noise in the presence of a non‐uniform mean flow. As for any hybrid computational aeroacoustics [...]
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A stabilized finite element method for the two-field and three-field Stokes eigenvalue problems
Ö. Türk, D. Boffi, R. Codina

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2016). Vol. 310, pp. 886-905

Abstract
In this paper, the stabilized finite element approximation of the Stokes eigenvalue problems is considered for both the two-field (displacement–pressure) and the three-field (stress–displacement–pressure) formulations. The method presented is based on a subgrid scale concept, and depends on the approximation of the unresolvable scales of the continuous solution. In general, subgrid scale techniques consist in the addition of a residual based term to the basic Galerkin formulation. The application of a standard residual based stabilization method to a linear eigenvalue problem leads to a quadratic eigenvalue problem in discrete form which is physically inconvenient. As a distinguished feature of the present study, we take the space of the unresolved subscales orthogonal to the finite element space, which promises a remedy to the above mentioned complication. In essence, we put forward that only if the orthogonal projection is used, the residual is simplified and the use of term by term stabilization is allowed. Thus, we do not need to put the whole residual in the formulation, and the linear eigenproblem form is recovered properly. We prove that the method applied is convergent, and present the error estimates for the eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions. We report several numerical tests in order to illustrate that the theoretical results are validated.
Abstract
In this paper, the stabilized finite element approximation of the Stokes eigenvalue problems is considered for both the two-field (displacement–pressure) [...]
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Variational multi-scale finite element approximation of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations
C. Bayona, J. Baiges, R. Codina

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Heat and Fluid Flows (2016). Vol. 26 (3-4), pp. 1240-1271

Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to apply the variational multi-scale framework to the finite element approximation of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations written in conservation form. Even though this formulation is relatively well known, some particular features that have been applied with great success in other flow problems are incorporated. Design/methodology/approach The orthogonal subgrid scales, the non-linear tracking of these subscales, and their time evolution are applied. Moreover, a systematic way to design the matrix of algorithmic parameters from the perspective of a Fourier analysis is given, and the adjoint of the non-linear operator including the volumetric part of the convective term is defined. Because the subgrid stabilization method works in the streamline direction, an anisotropic shock capturing method that keeps the diffusion unaltered in the direction of the streamlines, but modifies the crosswind diffusion is implemented. The artificial shock capturing diffusivity is calculated by using the orthogonal projection onto the finite element space of the gradient of the solution, instead of the common residual definition. Temporal derivatives are integrated in an explicit fashion. Findings Subsonic and supersonic numerical experiments show that including the orthogonal, dynamic, and the non-linear subscales improve the accuracy of the compressible formulation. The non-linearity introduced by the anisotropic shock capturing method has less effect in the convergence behavior to the steady state. Originality/value A complete investigation of the stabilized formulation of the compressible problem is addressed.
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to apply the variational multi-scale framework to the finite element approximation of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations written [...]
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Concurrent finite element simulation of quadrupolar and dipolar flow noise in low Mach number aeroacoustics
O. Guasch, A. Pont, J. Baiges, R. Codina

Computers and Fluids (2016). Vol. 133, pp. 129-139

Abstract
The computation of flow-induced noise at low Mach numbers usually relies on a two-step hybrid methodolgy. In the first step, an incompressible fluid dynamics simulation (CFD) is performed and an acoustic source term is derived from it. The latter becomes the inhomogeneous term for an acoustic wave equation, which is solved in the second step, often resorting to boundary integral formulations. In the presence of rigid bodies, Curle’s acoustic analogy is probably the most extended approach. It has been shown that Curle’s boundary dipolar noise contribution does in fact correspond to the diffraction of the quadrupolar aerodynamic noise generated by the flow past the rigid body. In this work, advantage is taken from this fact to propose an alternative computational methodology to get the individual quadrupolar and dipolar contributions to the total acoustic pressure. For any linear acoustic wave operator, the unknown acoustic pressure can be split into its incident and diffracted components and be computed simultaneously to the incompressible flow field, in a single finite element computational run. This circumvents the problem found in Curle’s analogy of needing the total pressure at the body’s boundary, which includes the acoustic pressure fluctuations. The latter cannot be obtained from an incompressible CFD simulation. The proposed unified strategy could be beneficial for a large variety problems such as those involving noise generated from duct terminations, or those related with the simulation of fricatives in numerical voice production, among many others.
Abstract
The computation of flow-induced noise at low Mach numbers usually relies on a two-step hybrid methodolgy. In the first step, an incompressible fluid dynamics simulation (CFD) [...]
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A stabilized finite element method for the mixed wave equation in an ALE framework with application to diphthong production
O. Guasch, M. Arnela, R. Codina, H. Espinoza

Acta Acustica united with Acustica (2016). (preprint) Vol. 102, pp. 94-106

Abstract
Working with the wave equation in mixed rather than irreducible form allows one to directly account for both, the acoustic pressure field and the acoustic particle velocity field. Indeed, this becomes the natural option in many problems, such as those involving waves propagating in moving domains, because the equations can easily be set in an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) frame of reference. Yet, when attempting a standard Galerkin finite element solution (FEM) for them, it turns out that an inf-sup compatibility constraint has to be satisfied, which prevents from using equal interpolations for the approximated acoustic pressure and velocity fields. In this work it is proposed to resort to a subgrid scale stabilization strategy to circumvent this condition and thus facilitate code implementation. As a possible application, we address the generation of diphthongs in voice production.
Abstract
Working with the wave equation in mixed rather than irreducible form allows one to directly account for both, the acoustic pressure field and the acoustic particle velocity [...]
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Numerical Methods
C. Agelet de Saracibar, R. Boman, P. Bussetta, J. Cajas, M. Cervera, M. Chiumenti, A. Coll, P. Dadvand, J. Hernández, G. Houzeaux, M. Riera, J. Ponthot

(2016). C. Agelet de Saracibar (Ed.) in G.J. Schmitz, U. Prahl (Eds.), Handbook of Software Solutions for ICME, Chapter 7 Wiley, 632 pages, pp. 487-532

Abstract
As one of the results of an ambitious project, this handbook provides a well-structured directory of globally available software tools in the area of Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME). The compilation covers models, software tools, and numerical methods allowing describing electronic, atomistic, and mesoscopic phenomena, which in their combination determine the microstructure and the properties of materials. It reaches out to simulations of component manufacture comprising primary shaping, forming, joining, coating, heat treatment, and machining processes. Models and tools addressing the in-service behavior like fatigue, corrosion, and eventually recycling complete the compilation. An introductory overview is provided for each of these different modelling areas highlighting the relevant phenomena and also discussing the current state for the different simulation approaches. A must-have for researchers, application engineers, and simulation software providers seeking a holistic overview about the current state of the art in a huge variety of modelling topics. This handbook equally serves as a reference manual for academic and commercial software developers and providers, for industrial users of simulation software, and for decision makers seeking to optimize their production by simulations. In view of its sound introductions into the different fields of materials physics, materials chemistry, materials engineering and materials processing it also serves as a tutorial for students in the emerging discipline of ICME, which requires a broad view on things and at least a basic education in adjacent fields.
Abstract
As one of the results of an ambitious project, this handbook provides a well-structured directory of globally available software tools in the area of Integrated Computational [...]
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Software Solutions for ICME
G. Schmitz, A. Engstrom, R. Bernhardt, U. Prahl, L. Adam, J. Seyfarth, M. Apel, C. Agelet de Saracibar, P. Korzhavyi, J. Agren, B. Patzak

Journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (2016). Vol. 68 (1), pp. 70-76

Abstract
The Integrated Computational Materials Engineering expert group (ICMEg), a coordination activity of the European Commission, aims at developing a global and open standard for information exchange between the heterogeneous varieties of numerous simulation tools. The ICMEg consortium coordinates respective developments by a strategy of networking stakeholders in the first International Workshop on Software Solutions for ICME, compiling identified and relevant software tools into the Handbook of Software Solutions for ICME, discussing strategies for interoperability between different software tools during a second (planned) international workshop, and eventually proposing a scheme for standardized information exchange in a future book or document. The present article summarizes these respective actions to provide the ICME community with some additional insights and resources from which to help move this field forward.
Abstract
The Integrated Computational Materials Engineering expert group (ICMEg), a coordination activity of the European Commission, aims at developing a global and open standard [...]
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Numerical modelling of landslide‐generated waves with the particle finite element method (PFEM) and a non‐Newtonian flow model
F. Salazar, J. Irazábal González, A. Larese, E. Oñate

Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech. (2016). Vol. 40 (6), pp. 809-826

Abstract
Landslide‐generated impulse waves may have catastrophic consequences. The physical phenomenon is difficult to model because of the uncertainties in the kinematics of the mobilised material and to the intrinsic complexity of the fluid–soil interaction. The particle finite element method (PFEM) is a numerical scheme that has successfully been applied to fluid–structure interaction problems. It uses a Lagrangian description to model the motion of nodes (particles) in both the fluid and the solid domains (the latter including soil/rock and structures). A mesh connecting the particles (nodes) is re‐generated at every time step, where the governing equations are solved. Various constitutive laws are used for the sliding mass, including rigid solid and the Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids. Several examples of application are presented, corresponding both to experimental tests and to actual full‐scale case studies. The results show that the PFEM can be a useful tool for analysing the risks associated with landslide phenomena, providing a good estimate to the potential hazards even for full‐scale events.
Abstract
Landslide‐generated impulse waves may have catastrophic consequences. The physical phenomenon is difficult to model because of the uncertainties in the kinematics of the [...]
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Interpretation of dam deformation and leakage with boosted regression trees
F. Salazar, M. Toledo, E. Oñate, B. Suarez

Engineering Structures (2016). (Preprint) Vol. 119, pp. 230-251

Abstract
Predictive models are essential in dam safety assessment. They have been traditionally based on simple statistical tools such as the hydrostatic-season-time (HST) model. These tools are well known to have limitations in terms of accuracy and reliability. In the recent years, the examples of application of machine learning and related techniques are becoming more frequent as an alternative to HST. While they proved to feature higher flexibility and prediction accuracy, they are also more difficult to interpret. As a consequence, the vast majority of the research is limited to prediction accuracy estimation. In this work, one of the most popular machine learning techniques (boosted regression trees), was applied to model 8 radial displacements and 4 leakage flows at La Baells Dam. The possibilities of model interpretation were explored: the relative influence of each predictor was computed, and the partial dependence plots were obtained. Both results were analysed to draw conclusions on dam response to environmental variables, and its evolution over time. The results show that this technique can efficiently identify dam performance changes with higher flexibility and reliability than simple regression models.
Abstract
Predictive models are essential in dam safety assessment. They have been traditionally based on simple statistical tools such as the hydrostatic-season-time (HST) model. These [...]
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Numerical modeling of the electron beam welding and its experimental validation
M. Chiumenti, M. Cervera, N. Dialami, B. Wu, L. Jinwei, C. Agelet de Saracibar

Finite Elements in Analysis and Design (2016). (preprint) Vol. 121, pp. 118–133

Abstract
Electron Beam Welding (EBW) is a highly efficient and precise welding method increasingly used within the manufacturing chain and of growing importance in different industrial environments such as the aeronautical and aerospace sectors. This is because, compared to other welding processes, EBW induces lower distortions and residual stresses due to the lower and more focused heat input along the welding line. This work describes the formulation adopted for the numerical simulation of the EBW process as well as the experimental work carried out to calibrate and validate it. The numerical simulation of EBW involves the interaction of thermal, mechanical and metallurgical phenomena. For this reason, in this work the numerical framework couples the heat transfer process to the stress analysis to maximize accuracy. An in-house multi-physics FE software is used to deal with the numerical simulation. The definition of an ad hoc moving heat source is proposed to simulate the EB power surface distribution and the corresponding absorption within the work-piece thickness. Both heat conduction and heat radiation models are considered to dissipate the heat through the boundaries of the component. The material behavior is characterized by an apropos thermo-elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model. Titanium-alloy Ti6A14V is the target material of this work. From the experimental side, the EB welding machine, the vacuum chamber characteristics and the corresponding operative setting are detailed. Finally, the available facilities to record the temperature evolution at different thermo-couple locations as well as to measure both distortions and residual stresses are described. Numerical results are compared with the experimental evidence.
Abstract
Electron Beam Welding (EBW) is a highly efficient and precise welding method increasingly used within the manufacturing chain and of growing importance in different industrial [...]
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Explicit mixed strain-displacement finite elements for compressible and quasi-incompressible elasticity and plasticity
M. Cervera, N. Lafontaine, R. Rossi, M. Chiumenti

Computational Mechanics (2016). (Preprint) Vol. 58 (3), pp. 511–532

Abstract
This paper presents an explicit mixed finite element formulation to address compressible and quasi-incompressible problems in elasticity and plasticity. This implies that the numerical solution only involves diagonal systems of equations. The formulation uses independent and equal interpolation of displacements and strains, stabilized by variational subscales. A displacement sub-scale is introduced in order to stabilize the mean-stress field. Compared to the standard irreducible formulation, the proposed mixed formulation yields improved strain and stress fields. The paper investigates the effect of this enhancement on the accuracy in problems involving strain softening and localization leading to failure, using low order finite elements with linear continuous strain and displacement fields (P1P1 triangles in 2D and tetrahedra in 3D) in conjunction with associative frictional Mohr–Coulomb and Drucker–Prager plastic models. The performance of the strain/displacement formulation under compressible and nearly incompressible deformation patterns is assessed and compared to analytical solutions for plane stress and plane strain situations. Benchmark numerical examples show the capacity of the mixed formulation to predict correctly failure mechanisms with localized patterns of strain, virtually free from any dependence of the mesh directional bias. No auxiliary crack tracking technique is necessary.
Abstract
This paper presents an explicit mixed finite element formulation to address compressible and quasi-incompressible problems in elasticity and plasticity. This implies that [...]
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High-fidelity prediction of crack formation in 2D and 3D pullout tests
L. Benedetti, M. Cervera, M. Chiumenti

Computers and Structures (2016). (preprint) Vol. 172, pp. 93–109

Abstract
This paper presents the 2D and 3D numerical analysis of pullout tests on steel anchorages in concrete blocks using standard and mixed finite elements. A novel (stabilized) mixed formulation in the variables of total strain ε and displacements u is introduced to overcome the intrinsic deficiencies of the standard displacement-based one in the context of localization of strains, such as mesh dependency. The quasi-brittle behavior of concrete is described through an elastoplastic constitutive law with a local Rankine yielding criterion. The proposed formulation is shown to be a reliable and accurate tool, sensitive to the physical parameters of the pullout tests, but objective with respect to the adopted FE mesh. Furthermore, the mixed ε/u finite element is able to capture the correct failure mechanism with relatively coarse discretizations. At the same time, the spurious behavior of the standard formulation is not alleviated by mesh-refinement.
Abstract
This paper presents the 2D and 3D numerical analysis of pullout tests on steel anchorages in concrete blocks using standard and mixed finite elements. A novel (stabilized) [...]
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Analysis of the effect of provisional ties in the construction and current deformation of Mallorca cathedral
L. Pelà, J. Bourgeois, P. Roca, M. Cervera, M. Chiumenti

International Journal of Architectural Heritage (2016). (preprint) Vol. 10 (4), pp. 418–437

Abstract
This article presents the analysis of the structure of Mallorca Cathedral taking into account the influence on the structural behavior of auxiliary iron ties used during the construction process. Recent studies (Roca et al. 2012, 2013) presented some hypotheses about the construction process of the cathedral. This article complements the previous results by considering the use of auxiliary ties as temporary stabilizing device during the construction. Evidence of the use of ties during the construction has been recognized after a comprehensive survey. The study of the role of such ties and the effect of their later removal are studied by a FE analysis carried out on a representative bay of the structure. The study includes a time-dependent FE analysis after the removal of the ties to assess the long-term structural behavior. The results of the numerical analysis are compared with the deformation trends identified by means of a recent monitoring campaign.
Abstract
This article presents the analysis of the structure of Mallorca Cathedral taking into account the influence on the structural behavior of auxiliary iron ties used during the [...]
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A thermodynamically consistent plastic-damage framework for localized failure in quasi-brittle solids: Material model and strain localization analysis
J. Wu, M. Cervera

Int. J. Solids and Structures (2016). (preprint) Vol. 88–89, pp. 227–247

Abstract
Aiming for the modeling of localized failure in quasi-brittle solids, this paper addresses a thermodynamically consistent plastic-damage framework and the corresponding strain localization analysis. A unified elastoplastic damage model is first presented based on two alternative kinematic decompositions assuming infinitesimal deformations, with the evolution laws of involved internal variables characterized by a dissipative flow tensor. For the strong (or regularized) discontinuity to form in such inelastic quasi-brittle solids and to evolve eventually into a fully softened one, a novel strain localization analysis is then suggested. A kinematic constraint more demanding than the classical discontinuous bifurcation condition is derived by accounting for the traction continuity and the loading/unloading states consistent with the kinematics of a strong (or regularized) discontinuity. More specifically, the strain jumps characterized by Maxwell’s kinematic condition have to be completely inelastic (energy dissipative). Reproduction of this kinematics implies vanishing of the aforesaid dissipative flow tensorial components in the directions orthogonal to the discontinuity orientation. This property allows naturally developing a localized plastic-damage model for the discontinuity (band), with its orientation and the traction-based failure criterion consistently determined a posteriori from the given stress-based counterpart. The general results are then particularized to the 2D conditions of plane stress and plane strain. It is found that in the case of plane stress, strain localization into a strong (or regularized) discontinuity can occur at the onset of strain softening. Contrariwise, owing to an extra kinematic constraint, in the condition of plane strain some continuous inelastic deformations and substantial re-orientation of principal strain directions in general have to take place in the softening regime prior to strain localization. The classical Rankine, Mohr–Coulomb, von Mises (J2) and Drucker–Prager criteria are analyzed as illustrative examples. In particular, both the closed-form solutions for the discontinuity angles validated by numerical simulations and the corresponding traction-based failure criteria are obtained.
Abstract
Aiming for the modeling of localized failure in quasi-brittle solids, this paper addresses a thermodynamically consistent plastic-damage framework and the corresponding strain [...]
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Modelling of Bingham and Herschel–Bulkley flows with mixed P1/P1 finite elements stabilized with orthogonal subgrid scale
E. Moreno, A. Larese, M. Cervera

Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics (2016). (preprint) Vol. 228, pp. 1-16

Abstract
This paper presents the application of a stabilized mixed pressure/velocity finite element formulation to the solution of viscoplastic non-Newtonian flows. Both Bingham and Herschel–Bulkley models are considered. The detail of the discretization procedure is presented and the Orthogonal Subgrid Scale (OSS) stabilization technique is introduced to allow for the use of equal order interpolations in a consistent way. The matrix form of the problem is given. A series of examples is presented to assess the accuracy of the method by comparison with the results obtained by other authors. The extrusion in a Bingham fluid and the movement of a moving and rotating cylinder are analyzed in detail. The evolution of the streamlines, the yielded and unyielded regions, the drag and lift forces are presented. These benchmark examples show the capacity of the mixed OSS formulation to reproduce the behavior of a Bingham and Herschel–Bulkley flows with the required accuracy.
Abstract
This paper presents the application of a stabilized mixed pressure/velocity finite element formulation to the solution of viscoplastic non-Newtonian flows. Both Bingham and [...]
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Agenda
-. EPI

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (1), 114

Abstract
Jornadas,
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OCLC EMEARC 2016: reflexiones en torno al futuro de las tecnologías y las bibliotecas
R. Eíto-Brun

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (1), 113

Abstract
Los
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New proposals for audiovisual distribution in the era of convergence: the documentarybook
A. Baraybar-Fernández, R. Linares-Palomar

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (1), 112

Abstract
The advent of the internet has changed the way we distribute media content, autonomously and independently, calling into question the audiovisual model that emerged in the second half of the twentieth century. Understanding this new way of doing things, in a constant state of evolution, gives us the opportunity to investigate the digital environment in order to take advantage of interactive possibilities. This paper presents the results of an investigation into a new format within the documentary genre that combines visual and literary content, which we have labelled documentarybook. This case study focuses on the documentarybook Hacia una primavera rosa (Towards a pink spring), which was freely distributed through the iBooks Author tool. This documentarybook offers an example, outside the standard conventions of the industry, of a differing supply chain, various reading levels and lenghts, and social public participation with optional levels of involvement. The results of this case study have allowed us to compare the degree of integration between old and new practices and propose theoretical and applied conclusions that may be useful for future social audiovisual projects.
Abstract
The advent of the internet has changed the way we distribute media content, autonomously and independently, calling into question the audiovisual model that emerged in the [...]
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Marketing campaigns in the Architectural Library of the University of Seville
E. Ordóñez-Cocovi, C. Pérez-Benito, C. Lobato, L. Millán

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (1), 111

Abstract
This article details one university library’s experience in managing the needs of students and professors in Architecture and Building Engineering degrees. The authors describe channels of communication, use policies, marketing efforts, and planning. Marketing campaigns must be adapted to the academic calendar. Ultimately, the marketing efforts have proven transformational in integrating a new culture of management in the library for both users and staff.
Abstract
This article details one university library’s experience in managing the needs of students and professors in Architecture and Building Engineering degrees. The authors describe [...]
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Organisational communication facing the challenge of multiplatform and Web 2.0 strategy: The experience of the political parties in the Basque Country
A. Larrondo-Ureta

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (1), 110

Abstract
Aware of the fact that nowadays transmitting information is insufficient for successfully communicating, organizations are increasingly multi-channeled communicators, in addition to receiving what their public communicates, because they are aware that simply transmitting information is no longer sufficient for successful communication. In particular, political organizations and their leaders have shown a strong interest in recent years for exploring technologically advanced communication avenues, in accordance with the ‘permanent campaign’ idea (Blumenthal, 1980; Ornstein; Mann, 2000). This article examines current tendencies that determine the management of political communication, outside of specific voting contexts, through a case study of five parties with parliamentary representation in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, Spain. Using qualitative methodology, based on website analysis and in-depth interviews with press departments, this study explains why these organizations situate themselves in a 1.5 evolutionary phase (Kalnes, 2009).
Abstract
Aware of the fact that nowadays transmitting information is insufficient for successfully communicating, organizations are increasingly multi-channeled communicators, in addition [...]
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Methodology for evaluating functions and products for technology watch and competitive intelligence (TW/CI) and their implementation through web
A. Berges-García, J. Meneses-Chaus, J. Martínez-Ortega

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (1), 109

Abstract
The increasing presence of technology watch and competitive intelligence can clearly be seen in every organization. However, even though the necessities addressed since 2011 by the normative UNE 166006:2011 (Aenor, 2011) involve formalizing and structuring the processes related to TW/CI and its implementation among organizations, and despite the fact that the so called TW/CI integral support platforms are more and more popular, no methodologies have been defined to evaluate the TW/CI functions and their implementation through those web platforms. This article proposes the evaluation of a system of indicators which any organization can use during the assessment process of the global set of functions within the TW/CI cycle and the objective selection of the most suitable TW/CI support platform, according to particular necessities and circumstances.
Abstract
The increasing presence of technology watch and competitive intelligence can clearly be seen in every organization. However, even though the necessities addressed since 2011 [...]
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Building a knowledge management maturity model for a multinational food company from an emerging economy
J. Arias-Pérez, J. Tavera-Mesías, D. Castaño-Serna

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (1), 108

Abstract
The objective of this study was to build and apply a model of knowledge management maturity for a multinational food company from an emerging economy. As for the methodological aspects, a questionnaire was administered to approximately 3,000 employees in fourteen business units of a multinational company. In relation to the results, first, a model with four key areas was structured: strategy, culture, knowledge processes, and technology. Subsequently, it was determined that all key areas were in the managed level. However, further analysis of the variables showed development of the practices associated with the application of knowledge and soft aspects, such as culture and strategy, compared with those that related to knowledge creation and appropriation of information technology.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to build and apply a model of knowledge management maturity for a multinational food company from an emerging economy. As for the methodological [...]
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A proposal for an index to measure the informative quality of the news services of regional television channels in Spain
C. Aguilar-Paredes, P. Gómez-Domínguez, S. Villanueva-Baselga, L. Sánchez-Gómez

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (1), 107

Abstract
In Spain the media is organized in three levels: national, autonomic and local. The autonomic or regional television system is in its majority public, and its primary functions are linked to the political dynamics of each particular region. This article sets out a comparative analysis of the television newscasts with the aim of creating an index to determinate their degree of quality. To do so, four Spanish regional channels were analyzed: the Canary Islands’ Radio Televisión Canaria (RTVC), the Balearic Islands’ Televisió de les Illes Balears (IB3), Castile and León’s Castilla y León Televisión (CyLTV) and Navarre’s Navarra Televisión (NaTV). With the data obtained, we developed an indicator for political representation (R) and an indicator for the value of news frames (E). The combination of both indicators allows detecting anomalous behaviors when representing political parties. Our results show that there is a positive over-representation of political parties in those regions where these parties do not hold a parliamentary majority. Nonetheless, in these cases, the index shows a more appropriate value.
Abstract
In Spain the media is organized in three levels: national, autonomic and local. The autonomic or regional television system is in its majority public, and its primary functions [...]
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Theoretical foundation and literature review of the study of concept maps using eye tracking methodology
C. Rovira

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (1), 106

Abstract
In
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Theoretical foundation and literature review of the study of concept maps using eye tracking methodology
C. Rovira

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (1), 105

Abstract
In this paper, we will be carrying out an in-depth analysis of a series of investigations involving concept maps used in eye tracking methodology. First, the background to this kind of research is analyzed: on the one hand we will focus on generic scientific literature about those concept maps with theoretical foundations in the psychology of learning, and second the literature of eye tracking in teaching and learning will be reviewed. Finally, we will center our attention on the way in which the literature for these two areas overlaps. A total of 15 published works on concept maps using eye tracking were located and subsequently the quality of these papers, their visibility, topics, and results were analyzed. The findings show there are very few published works on this subject, all originated from dispersed sources which proved difficult to locate, despite the fact that eye tracking methodology lends itself perfectly to the study of concept maps. We predict that in coming years there will be many more publications in this field.
Abstract
In this paper, we will be carrying out an in-depth analysis of a series of investigations involving concept maps used in eye tracking methodology. First, the background to [...]
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Development studies research 1975-2014 in academic journal articles: The end of economics?
M. Thelwall, S. Thelwall

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (1), 104

Abstract
The field of development studies analyses causes and potential solutions for global poverty and inequality. Since the Second World War there have been major changes in theories about the root causes of global poverty and the strategies necessary to tackle it. This article views the history of development studies from the perspective of the role of economics during 1975-2014. A topic modelling analysis of published journal articles from Scopus suggests that there has been a relative decline in research that focuses on economics, and particularly for research concerned with firms and growth. In parallel, the analysis suggests that there has been a relatively slow increase in interest in the environment, a lack of scholarly interest in BRICS and dependency theory, and a relatively homogeneous treatment of gender issues.
Abstract
The field of development studies analyses causes and potential solutions for global poverty and inequality. Since the Second World War there have been major changes in theories [...]
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Regional and global science: Publications from Latin America and the Caribbean in the SciELO Citation Index and the Web of Science
G. Vélez-Cuartas, D. Lucio-Arias, L. Leydesdorff

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (1), 103

Abstract
In this article the authors compare the visibility of Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) publications in the Core Collection indexes of the Web of Science (WoS) inlcuding Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Arts & Humanities Citation Index, and the SciELO Citation Index (SciELO CI) which was integrated into the larger WoS platform in 2014. The purpose of this comparison is to contribute to the broader understanding of the communication of scientific knowledge produced in Latin America and the Caribbean, and to provide some reflections on the potential benefits of the articulation of regional indexing exercises into WoS for a better understanding of geographic and disciplinary contributions. How is the regional level of SciELO CI related to the global range of WoS? In WoS, LAC authors are integrated at the global level in international networks, while SciELO has provided a platform for interactions among LAC researchers. The articulation of SciELO into WoS may improve the international visibility of the regional journals, but at the cost of own journal inclusion criteria independence.
Abstract
In this article the authors compare the visibility of Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) publications in the Core Collection indexes of the Web of Science (WoS) inlcuding [...]
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The food science georeferenced. A bibliometric approach at institutional level
V. Guerrero-Bote, C. Olmeda-Gómez, F. De-Moya-Anegón

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (1), 102

Abstract
A bibliometric analysis of research production in scientific journals, of the Scopus subject category Food Science, between 2003 and 2013, from seventy-one Spanish institutions with at least fifty works published, is presented. Statistical z tests are used for an evaluation of the degree to which an observed number of top-cited papers (top-10%) for an institution differs from the number expected, on the basis of randomness in the selection of papers. A map has been generated that displays inter-institutional collaboration networks; activity and impact values are displayed. The results show the most active institutions, located primarily in Madrid, Cataluña, Valencia, and Murcia, belong to the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Catalonian research institutions
Abstract
A bibliometric analysis of research production in scientific journals, of the Scopus subject category Food Science, between 2003 and 2013, from seventy-one Spanish institutions [...]
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Bibliometric and benchmark analysis of gold Open Access in Spain: big output and little impact
D. Torres-Salinas, N. Robinson-García, I. Aguillo

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (1), 101

Abstract
Estudio bibliométrico que analiza la contribución de los científicos españoles a las revistas en acceso abierto indexadas en la Web of Science durante 2005-2014. El objetivo es determinar si la publicación en revistas en acceso abierto contribuye a mejorar los indicadores bibliométricos de impacto y colaboración de la ciencia española. Los resultados se presentan por áreas científicas y se comparan con un conjunto de 17 países europeos. Los resultados establecen que España es el segundo país europeo con un mayor porcentaje trabajos en acceso abierto (9%), especialmente en Arte y Humanidades (28%). Se establece como la citación normalizada (0,72) de la producción en acceso abierto está por debajo de la media mundial y de los valores de las principales potencias europeas. Finalmente se discute como los resultados entran en contradicción con la denominada ventaja de citación del acceso abierto.
Abstract
Estudio bibliométrico que analiza la contribución de los científicos españoles a las revistas en acceso abierto indexadas en la Web of Science durante 2005-2014. El objetivo [...]
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Proposal of using scaling for calculating field-normalized citation scores
R. Haunschild, L. Bornmann

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (1), 100

Abstract
Since the end of the 1980s, citation impact values –especially for evaluative purposes– are increasingly presented as field-normalized citation scores than as bare citation counts or citation rates. In rather popular variants of the scores, the average score over a publication year is not exactly one due to multiple Web of Science subject categories per paper. We propose a scaling method which introduces slight changes in the field-normalized scores of each paper that ensures that the average value of all scores equals one.
Abstract
Since the end of the 1980s, citation impact values –especially for evaluative purposes– are increasingly presented as field-normalized citation scores than as bare citation [...]
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Informetrics for librarians: Describing their important role in the evaluation process
I. Aguillo

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (1), 99

Abstract
Librarians are playing a secondary role in the process of evaluating research activities, usually as auxiliary providers of raw data extracted from pre-selected sources. Given the subjective nature of the decision committees, there is a strong need for unbiased and objective procedures guaranteed by independent professionals. A neutral, comprehensive, modern, quantitative approach guided by academic librarians is proposed, including closeness to applicants, anonymity of their identities in the reports, contextualization (academic age, gender, and discipline) of data, usage of relative non-central values with indication of thresholds, and incorporation of new bibliometric and non-bibliometric sources.
Abstract
Librarians are playing a secondary role in the process of evaluating research activities, usually as auxiliary providers of raw data extracted from pre-selected sources. Given [...]
- 0
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Informetrics for librarians: Describing their important role in the evaluation process
I. Aguillo

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (1), 98

Abstract
Librarians are playing a secondary role in the process of evaluating research activities, usually as auxiliary providers of raw data extracted from pre-selected sources. Given the subjective nature of the decision committees, there is a strong need for unbiased and objective procedures guaranteed by independent professionals. A neutral, comprehensive, modern, quantitative approach guided by academic librarians is proposed, including closeness to applicants, anonymity of their identities in the reports, contextualization (academic age, gender, and discipline) of data, usage of relative non-central values with indication of thresholds, and incorporation of new bibliometric and non-bibliometric sources.
Abstract
Librarians are playing a secondary role in the process of evaluating research activities, usually as auxiliary providers of raw data extracted from pre-selected sources. Given [...]
- 0
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3D numerical models of FSW processes with non-cylindrical pin
P. Bussetta, N. Dialami, M. Chiumenti, C. Agelet de Saracibar, M. Cervera, J. Ponthot

Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies (2016). (preprint) Vol. 1 (3-4), pp. 275-287

Abstract
Friction stir welding (FSW) process is a relatively recent welding process (patented in 1991). FSW is a solid-state joining process during which materials to be joined are not melted. During the FSW process, the behaviour of the material is at the interface between solid mechanics and fluid mechanics. In this paper, a 3D numerical model of the FSW process with a non-cylindrical tool based on a solid formulation is compared to another one based on a fluid formulation. Both models use advanced numerical techniques such as the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian formulation, remeshing or the orthogonal sub-grid scale method. It is shown that these two formulations essentially deliver the same results.
Abstract
Friction stir welding (FSW) process is a relatively recent welding process (patented in 1991). FSW is a solid-state joining process during which materials to be joined are [...]
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Agenda
-. EPI

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (3), 97

Abstract
Jornadas,
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SEO tools and indicators: characteristics and application to online media analysis
L. García-Carretero, L. Codina, J. Díaz-Noci, M. Iglesias-García

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (3), 96

Abstract
Searching is one of the core activities in the digital world and therefore, it is one of the key elements in the analysis of digital media since part of their audiences and revenues comes from the so called search engine result page (SERP). In this paper we present some of the most used analyzing tools in search engine optimization (SEO) in order to consider their application in online media research studies. We apply the nine most important indicators of these tools to the home page of four Spanish general online media in order to assess its viability as alternative indicators to PageRank and other Google indicators
Abstract
Searching is one of the core activities in the digital world and therefore, it is one of the key elements in the analysis of digital media since part of their audiences and [...]
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The next bibliometrics: ALMetrics (Author Level Metrics) and the multiple faces of author impact
E. Orduña-Malea, A. Martín-Martín, E. Delgado-López-Cózar

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (3), 95

Abstract
The main goal of this article is to describe the purpose and content of a new branch of bibliometrics: ALMetrics (Author Level Metrics). ALMetrics is focused on the quantitative analysis of an author’s performance by measuring the dimensions of their intellectual activity as shown through varied metric indicators. This article will list, define, and classify the different metrics that are offered in newer information portals that showcase the scientific activity of authors. These metrics are grouped into five sets: bibliometrics (publication and citation), usage, participation, rating, social connectivity, and composite indicators. This new bibliometric specialty is necessary because of new trends in scientific assessment, which have moved analysis away from old bibliometrics (based on journal analysis and Impact Factor) towards new bibliometrics that analyze both documents and authors via a mix of indicators. Most importantly, ALMetrics responds to the researchers’ desire for both knowledge and acknowledgement.
Abstract
The main goal of this article is to describe the purpose and content of a new branch of bibliometrics: ALMetrics (Author Level Metrics). ALMetrics is focused on the quantitative [...]
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The next bibliometrics: ALMetrics (Author Level Metrics) and the multiple faces of author impact
E. Orduña-Malea, A. Martín-Martín, E. Delgado-López-Cózar

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (3), 94

Abstract
The main goal of this article is to describe the purpose and content of a new branch of bibliometrics: ALMetrics (Author Level Metrics). ALMetrics is focused on the quantitative analysis of an author’s performance by measuring the dimensions of their intellectual activity as shown through varied metric indicators. This article will list, define, and classify the different metrics that are offered in newer information portals that showcase the scientific activity of authors. These metrics are grouped into five sets: bibliometrics (publication and citation), usage, participation, rating, social connectivity, and composite indicators. This new bibliometric specialty is necessary because of new trends in scientific assessment, which have moved analysis away from old bibliometrics (based on journal analysis and Impact Factor) towards new bibliometrics that analyze both documents and authors via a mix of indicators. Most importantly, ALMetrics responds to the researchers’ desire for both knowledge and acknowledgement.
Abstract
The main goal of this article is to describe the purpose and content of a new branch of bibliometrics: ALMetrics (Author Level Metrics). ALMetrics is focused on the quantitative [...]
- 1
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e-Government: the need to implement a business processes management policy in public administration
M. García-González

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (3), 93

Abstract
The implementation of electronic government in Spain, specifically in local councils, is described. We tackle an array of questions about how this process is being carried out. We analyse whether recommendations given to the public sector by European and national rules and regulations are leaving behind several well-defined stages which should be previously solved. We are referring to the organic-functional aspects before looking for technical solutions and technical paths towards implementing metadata.
Abstract
The implementation of electronic government in Spain, specifically in local councils, is described. We tackle an array of questions about how this process is being carried [...]
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Geolocation of information and data mapping with Ushahidi in online journalism
T. Sandoval-Martín, Ó. Espiritusanto

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (3), 92

Abstract
Crowdsourcing and crowdmapping tools such Ushahidi (testimony or witness in Swahili) give value to the communication chain. They allow individuals, institutions, and journalistic organizations to take advantage of the flow of information provided by the users, although the process is not without some difficulties. Ushahidi, based on free software, offers a broad range of applications to be used in media contexts. First, Ushahidi focuses on data through a participatory map of georeferenced information and then it addresses the verification of the information provided by the citizens. From the analysis of the bibliography and some study cases, we describe a specific area of collaboration between professional journalists and citizen journalists in the creation, distribution, and verification of content. International media which have used Ushahidi include The guardian, BBC, Al jazeera and Huffington post.
Abstract
Crowdsourcing and crowdmapping tools such Ushahidi (testimony or witness in Swahili) give value to the communication chain. They allow individuals, institutions, and journalistic [...]
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The impact of social media on journalism
F. Campos-Freire, J. Rúas-Araújo, X. López-García, V. Martínez-Fernández

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (3), 91

Abstract
Metamedia and value networks are two emerging concepts in the communication area. The first one refers to the computing transformation of media processes and contexts, both in production and use of the media; the second one relates to the system encouraging information flows, knowledge, and communication social relationships. The revolution of metamedia and digital networks is to be seen in the way people use and consume information, as well as organizations and traditional media outlets. They understand the networks –mainly Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube- as the main value providers, as the present study concludes. This work offers the results of the Media management barometer, a survey undertaken at the end of 2015 and administered to 300 Spanish media companies to check their metamedia transformation and the use of digital social networks.
Abstract
Metamedia and value networks are two emerging concepts in the communication area. The first one refers to the computing transformation of media processes and contexts, both [...]
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Public communication of science through web 2.0. The case of research centers and public universities in Spain
L. López-Pérez, M. Olvera-Lobo

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (3), 90

Abstract
This paper analyzes the use that the Spanish National Research Council centers (CSIC, by its Spanish abbreviation) and Spanish public universities make of web 2.0 in disseminating their research. The methodology used is based on an ad hoc checklist design for collecting data, focusing on three areas: the use of web 2.0 tools; connectivity (number of followers); and intensity (number of comments published). One significant finding was that both types of organizations made little use of social networks to disseminate their research. In the case of universities in 2014, around 40% were present on Facebook and Twitter, 22% on YouTube, and only 22% had blogs. In regard to CSIC centers, around 30% had Facebook and Twitter profiles, 18.9% were on YouTube, and 6.8% had informative blogs.
Abstract
This paper analyzes the use that the Spanish National Research Council centers (CSIC, by its Spanish abbreviation) and Spanish public universities make of web 2.0 in disseminating [...]
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The use of professional and scientific social networks: The case of three Galician universities
F. Campos-Freire, J. Rúas-Araújo

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (3), 89

Abstract
A survey conducted among 5,500 professors and researchers from the three Galician universities received 463 answers. The results reveal a rise in popularity of professional and scientific digital social networks, but it also shows a lack of knowledge about them and inefficient use of them. Ninety percent of Galician university professors are present in a professional or academic network, but only 8.64 percent consider themselves experts. LinkedIn and ResearchGate have the largest number of members, although their average use is medium or low. Biomedical, engineering, and natural sciences scholars use more networks than the two previously mentioned; and social sciences and humanities scholars prefer Academia.edu. In total, 32.8 percent of the three universities’ scholars that answered the survey use social networks at least once a month. Social networks are used primarily to disseminate and follow publications, and, secondly, to get citations and improve reputation.
Abstract
A survey conducted among 5,500 professors and researchers from the three Galician universities received 463 answers. The results reveal a rise in popularity of professional [...]
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New projects from enterprising journalists in the hyperlocal scene: The case of the Castellón province, Spain
R. Pardo-Baldeón

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (3), 88

Abstract
The communication companies’ general crisis affects journalists all over the world, and the ones working in the Spanish province of Castellon are not an exception, specially after the closing down of the regional corporation Valencian Radio Television (RTVV) where many of them were employed. To survive, they chose to create their own digital media, competing for a very fragmented advertising market in the local journalism niche. In this paper, the journalistic projects that emerged in Castellón between 2008 and 2015 are analyzed. We describe their business models and their situation. The results reveal two main characteristics of this type of media: lack of a business plan and dependence on public administration content. Both aspects can determine the future development of these ventures.
Abstract
The communication companies’ general crisis affects journalists all over the world, and the ones working in the Spanish province of Castellon are not an exception, specially [...]
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Transcoding strategies for prime time TV genres in Spain
A. Rodríguez-Vázquez, S. Direito-Rebollal, D. Lago-Vázquez

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (3), 87

Abstract
Today’s TV context is defined by new services like view-on-demand, “extra” content, and conversations with the audience. The public has more power to decide what to view and can influence the programming with their comments. Because of this, TV channels have created strategies to improve the online products and encourage public participation. Success also depends on social TV and VoD. The objective of this study was to analyze how Spanish prime time has adapted to new media and how programs are managing interactions with the audience. In order to do the analysis, the three main TV groups –RTVE, Atresmedia, Mediaset- were chosen and all the programs were categorized into three genres. The results revealed a weakness in the interactivity strategy of television programs, especially in the informative genres.
Abstract
Today’s TV context is defined by new services like view-on-demand, “extra” content, and conversations with the audience. The public has more power to decide what to [...]
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Long-form sports journalism in the digital era. A comparative analysis of L’équipe explore and Sports illustrated longform
X. Ramon-Vegas, C. Tulloch

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (3), 86

Abstract
In a media landscape characterized by fierce competition, accelerated production cycles, and the impact of social media, the expansion of a counter-genre such as digital long-form journalism, is of growing interest. Both legacy outlets and native online platforms have invested resources in products that embrace technological innovation and storytelling techniques dissociated from the fast consumption of information. The field of sports is one of the areas where this phenomenon, intertwined with slow journalism, has had a stronger impact. Bearing this context in mind, this article examines the entire collection of long-form stories developed by two prestigious websites: L’équipe explore (France) and Sports illustrated longform (United States). This analysis allows for the classification of the salient features that these websites present in terms of agenda, news sources, multimedia architecture, and brand-building strategies.
Abstract
In a media landscape characterized by fierce competition, accelerated production cycles, and the impact of social media, the expansion of a counter-genre such as digital long-form [...]
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Subscribers’ clubs: A new funding model for the Spanish press
J. García-Santamaría, M. Pérez-Serrano, L. Maestro-Espínola

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (3), 85

Abstract
Until 2014, and setting aside some unsuccessful experiences, there had not been a successful implementation of a pay wall in a major Spanish newspaper, but beginning in 2014 newspaper executives opted to create affinity clubs following strategies that had already been implemented in similar Latin American newspapers like La nación of Buenos Aires and El mercurio of Santiago de Chile. As in most countries where this strategy has been successful, it addresses the loyalty of its print and digital consumers by organizing clubs and offering exclusive benefits on a wide array of products for a monthly fee.
Abstract
Until 2014, and setting aside some unsuccessful experiences, there had not been a successful implementation of a pay wall in a major Spanish newspaper, but beginning in 2014 [...]
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Social metamedia and public service: The debate in Twitter for television programs on the BBC, RTVE, and CCMA
P. Gómez-Domínguez, R. Besalú-Casademont, F. Guerrero-Solé

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (3), 84

Abstract
Public television has a mission to promote debate around topics of public interest. Twitter is the social metamedia used by TV programs to fulfil this task online. This research analyzes the capability of public television to generate an effective debate through Twitter and also looks at the relationship between physical audience and social audience. We apply a quantitative methodology that employs our own capture and treatment technique to examine the activity generated by the hashtags proposed by six television programs on BBC One, TV3, and La 1. The main finding shows that these programs fail in their mission to generate a robust public debate in Twitter; instead the discussion is generated by a recurrent group of users that control the debate flow around their comments. Finally, the physical audience is not a predictive factor of the social audience.
Abstract
Public television has a mission to promote debate around topics of public interest. Twitter is the social metamedia used by TV programs to fulfil this task online. This research [...]
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Television consumption and its measurement in Spain: a path to hybrid audiences
N. Quintas-Froufe, A. González-Neira

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (3), 83

Abstract
Television has transformed through digitization, and as a result, viewers can access content from different devices, which has led to the birth of liquid television. In order to fully understand TV consumption, it is necessary to supplement data from the traditional audience with data from new forms of TV use. This paper discusses techniques for new audience measurement, including asynchronous or linear content consumption, i.e., consumption by the viewer during the scheduled broadcast, and consumption from different screens.
Abstract
Television has transformed through digitization, and as a result, viewers can access content from different devices, which has led to the birth of liquid television. In order [...]
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Interactions between television and its social audience: Towards a communication conceptualization
D. Halpern, N. Quintas-Froufe, F. Fernández-Medina

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (3), 82

Abstract
This paper aims to study the interactions between television and social networks (what we might call social TV) in Latin America, with two goals in mind: 1) Identifying how social media is affecting television consumption, including influential factors; and 2) Quantifying these factors in order to have a clear picture of the phenomenon. For this purpose we used a mixed methods approach, combining a focus group and national survey. The study yielded five major findings: 1) The more comments users read in social media the higher the effect on their television behavior; 2) Open television is discussed more than cable, on demand, and webcasting; 3) The most discussed topics are humor and informational subjects; 4) Facebook and Twitter are the most commonly used platforms to comment about television; 5) While Facebook is the most used site to learn about what friends are viewing on television, Twitter is the most used site to learn about what the general public thinks about television content.
Abstract
This paper aims to study the interactions between television and social networks (what we might call social TV) in Latin America, with two goals in mind: 1) Identifying how [...]
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Re-dissemination of news and public debate on social networks
J. Guallar, J. Suau, C. Ruiz-Caballero, A. Sáez, P. Masip

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (3), 81

Abstract
The results of a qualitative research study based on 12 focus groups with a total of 106 people about the role of social networks in the consumption of current information are presented. We inquired about the motivation of citizens to interact with the news on social networks, and if they consider them appropriate spaces for public debate. Some findings of this study suggest that social networks are seen as an adequate space to share news and information on matters of public interest; to extend the agenda of topics that focus on the interests of users by allowing them access to topics often silenced in their usual media; and finally, social networks are viewed as more suitable for opinions, rather than public debate.
Abstract
The results of a qualitative research study based on 12 focus groups with a total of 106 people about the role of social networks in the consumption of current information [...]
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Re-dissemination of news and public debate on social networks
J. Guallar, J. Suau, C. Ruiz-Caballero, A. Sáez, P. Masip

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (3), 80

Abstract
The results of a qualitative research study based on 12 focus groups with a total of 106 people about the role of social networks in the consumption of current information are presented. We inquired about the motivation of citizens to interact with the news on social networks, and if they consider them appropriate spaces for public debate. Some findings of this study suggest that social networks are seen as an adequate space to share news and information on matters of public interest; to extend the agenda of topics that focus on the interests of users by allowing them access to topics often silenced in their usual media; and finally, social networks are viewed as more suitable for opinions, rather than public debate.
Abstract
The results of a qualitative research study based on 12 focus groups with a total of 106 people about the role of social networks in the consumption of current information [...]
- 0
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A comparison of the traditional and online media audiences in Spain
N. Cea-Esteruelas

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (3), 79

Abstract
This study is a comparative analysis of traditional media audiences and their digital extensions. The purpose of the analysis is to determine if there is a relationship between the audience of a newspaper, radio, or television and that of its digital counterparts. In order to explore if there is a relationship between online and traditional audiences, a quantitative analysis is carried out by applying the Pearson correlation coefficient to the audience information obtained from the General media survey (EGM, Estudio general de medios). The results show that a correlation does exist between online and traditional audiences in the types of media analyzed (Pearson’s r = 0.682).
Abstract
This study is a comparative analysis of traditional media audiences and their digital extensions. The purpose of the analysis is to determine if there is a relationship between [...]
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Metamedia and journalism: A panoramic review of new media
J. Noguera-Vivo

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (3), 78

Abstract
This article is a theoretical proposal for the new media landscape where many media outputs are made with third-party content. This new form of media is what we could call “metamedia”, because of its singularity and how these medias are being used with other content. From this point of view, this article offers a typology (developed through non-participant observation on the internet) to analyze the new medias and by offering, at the beginning, a definition of metamedia. This article’s findings point to the need to propose a taxonomy that serves to systematize and analyze the different types of metamedia present on the Web. Within this typology, some categories are especially useful to describe characteristics of these metamedias, with examples such as Storyful or Reported.ly, to understand the role of new medias as new mediators. These new medias are developing, in their daily routines, a role as “explainers” and curators of third-party content.
Abstract
This article is a theoretical proposal for the new media landscape where many media outputs are made with third-party content. This new form of media is what we could call [...]
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From paper to metamedia: the press before the end of printing cycle
V. Martínez-Fernández, P. Castellanos-García, Ó. Juanatey-Boga

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (3), 77

Abstract
We discuss the disappearance of printed newspapers, an important transformation which is a result of, among other factors, the development of information and communication technologies, and the change of press consumers’ habits. By means of econometric models of quadratic regressions and co-integration models we try to approximate the year in which the diffusion of printed newspapers will be near to zero; next, we pose the same problem with regard to advertisement spending in the sector of the printed press because it is one of the main sources of revenue for newspapers. The results obtained do not predict a hopeful future in this sector; for the representative Spanish newspapers, El país, El mundo, La razón, and ABC, the conclusion is that they will have a negligible diffusion in printed formatbefore the year 2020.
Abstract
We discuss the disappearance of printed newspapers, an important transformation which is a result of, among other factors, the development of information and communication [...]
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Investigating journalism from the perspective of the audience
P. Masip

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (3), 76

Abstract
In the current media system, the relationship between media and audience has undergone a major mutation. This is an issue that is not trivial because the audience is essential to journalisms’ existence. Paradoxically, however, the media has paid little attention to audience, beyond data provided by online metrics. However, research from the academy has proliferated and delved into the study of this relationship, but primarily from the perspective of media and journalists. In this text we investigate the relationship between audience and media, journalists and information, all from the users’ perspective.
Abstract
In the current media system, the relationship between media and audience has undergone a major mutation. This is an issue that is not trivial because the audience is essential [...]
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ResearchGate as a source for scientific evaluation: revealing its bibliometric applications
E. Orduña-Malea, A. Martín-Martín, E. Delgado-López-Cózar

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (2), 75

Abstract
ResearchGate is currently one of the most important academic social networks, with more than 9 million users and 80 million documents. The platform offers not only important academic networking tools and job vacancies but also a wide range of bibliometric indicators. The objective of this work is to discuss the main advantages and disadvantages of these indicators paying special attention to the RG Score, the ResearchGate’s flagship indicator. Although ResearchGate provides features and bibliometric indicators of enormous potential in order to gather additional insights about the scientific and academic impact of authors’ production, their communication policies and some recent actions taken in the design, development, and dissemination of indicators generate serious doubts regarding their use for evaluation purposes. Finally, regarding the RG Score indicator, we conclude that it does not measure the prestige of researchers, but instead their level of participation in the platform.
Abstract
ResearchGate is currently one of the most important academic social networks, with more than 9 million users and 80 million documents. The platform offers not only important [...]
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Indoor positioning technologies for academic libraries: towards the smart library
E. Aguilar-Moreno, R. Montoliú-Colás, J. Torres-Sospedra

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (2), 74

Abstract
This article is a case study of the application of geospatial technologies in an academic library. More specifically, two applications were developed to assist users in finding the location of books, one for Android mobile devices and the other for web browsers. These applications provide users with the ability to plot the path from the point where the user is located to the shelf where the items are found, thereby improving the user experience. Additionally, this article investigates the possibility of applying geographic information systems (GIS) and geospatial technologies to library services.
Abstract
This article is a case study of the application of geospatial technologies in an academic library. More specifically, two applications were developed to assist users in finding [...]
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Software, statistics, and database management for data journalists
X. López-García, C. Toural-Bran, A. Rodríguez-Vázquez

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (2), 73

Abstract
Journalists must update their competencies and skills to produce quality articles for today’s digital environment. New roles for journalists include data journalists, network managers, multimedia journalists, content curators, and mobile journalists. This article analyzes the evolution of the data journalist from its earliest beginnings to the present. The analysis includes an overview of necessary competencies regarding software, spreadsheets, database management, and statistics.
Abstract
Journalists must update their competencies and skills to produce quality articles for today’s digital environment. New roles for journalists include data journalists, network [...]
- 0
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New professional profile in hospitals: health documentation manager
M. Rivas-Gayo, F. Rivas-Flores, J. Medino-Muñoz, V. Alonso-Ferreira, J. Martínez-Comeche

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (2), 72

Abstract
The introduction of electronic health records (EHR) in almost all healthcare settings, and the end of traditional paper records, offers new opportunities to organize, normalize, and standardize health information. The professional roles of the librarian in hospitals has converged into a new emerging professional figure: the health documentation manager (a professional who knows and uses health classifications, taxonomies, and ontologies that are encoded within EHRs; but also integrates bibliographic tools into their activities).
Abstract
The introduction of electronic health records (EHR) in almost all healthcare settings, and the end of traditional paper records, offers new opportunities to organize, normalize, [...]
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Importance of the professional of the information in the direction of communication in organizations
M. Carrillo-Durán

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (2), 71

Abstract
The importance of the information professional in the communication management department of organizations is discussed. The need to integrate an information specialist within the communication team is essential; either hired from outside the organization or trained from within. Communication management is no longer limited to a press department handling press releases, but is instead a comprehensive communication management effort dealing with internal and external relations; and policies about intangible assets like reputation, image, and value creation through brand. In this article we review the tasks that are demanded by companies of their communication departments and compare them with the skills of information professionals. This job requires a cross-fertilization effort and a task map is used to illustrate how information professionals can perform in the communication area.
Abstract
The importance of the information professional in the communication management department of organizations is discussed. The need to integrate an information specialist within [...]
- 1
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Challenges and considerations of the new labor market in the media industry
J. Álvarez-Monzoncillo, F. Suárez-Bilbao, G. De-Haro

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (2), 70

Abstract
Recent changes in the economic, social, and technological environment have impacted the careers of information professionals. On one hand, new jobs and opportunities have appeared, and on the other hand, layoffs in mainstream media companies indicate that the net impact has been negative. This article attempts to analyze the most important changes in the media environment, the main forces affecting supply and demand, and the impact of changes on the careers of information professionals. Finally, we propose that some of the new radical paradigms in the world of information professionals are not conceptually new.
Abstract
Recent changes in the economic, social, and technological environment have impacted the careers of information professionals. On one hand, new jobs and opportunities have [...]
- 0
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Challenges and considerations of the new labor market in the media industry
J. Álvarez-Monzoncillo, F. Suárez-Bilbao, G. De-Haro

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (2), 69

Abstract
Recent changes in the economic, social, and technological environment have impacted the careers of information professionals. On one hand, new jobs and opportunities have appeared, and on the other hand, layoffs in mainstream media companies indicate that the net impact has been negative. This article attempts to analyze the most important changes in the media environment, the main forces affecting supply and demand, and the impact of changes on the careers of information professionals. Finally, we propose that some of the new radical paradigms in the world of information professionals are not conceptually new.
Abstract
Recent changes in the economic, social, and technological environment have impacted the careers of information professionals. On one hand, new jobs and opportunities have [...]
- 0
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Concept of infonomist: an up to date discussion
J. Cobarsí-Morales, A. Canals, E. Ortoll

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (2), 68

Abstract
An updated description of infonomist is presented. To do this, we first recover the original proposal of infonomist (and infonomy), sketched by Cornella in 1998. Second, we collect and discuss definitions of the term published subsequently. Finally, we present a description of an infonomist, taking into account the current context: the combination of scientific knowledge on information currently dispersed in various disciplines, the evolution of the meaning of information in scientific discourse and in colloquial speech, and the positioning of various actors and groups. This discussion establishes a selection of potential challenges for future development and strengthening of the concept of infonomist in both academic and professional environments.
Abstract
An updated description of infonomist is presented. To do this, we first recover the original proposal of infonomist (and infonomy), sketched by Cornella in 1998. Second, we [...]
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Promotion of Spanish scripted television on the internet: analyzing broadcast-related websites’ content and social audience
C. Lacalle, D. Castro-Mariño

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (2), 67

Abstract
This article summarizes an investigation into the strategies employed to promote Spanish scripted television (TV fiction) on the Internet. The role of mediation between television networks and their audiences is studied through the content analysis of 515 broadcast-related web sites and 7,849 comments posted by community managers and internet users with assumed feminine digital identities on official and unofficial sites. The official sites are mainly dedicated to providing more information about programs, which represents most of the feedback posted on unofficial sites. Despite extensive activity generated by televised fiction, television networks do not fully exploit these transmedia promotional resources.
Abstract
This article summarizes an investigation into the strategies employed to promote Spanish scripted television (TV fiction) on the Internet. The role of mediation between television [...]
- 0
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Profile of the community manager in advertising and public relations agencies in Spain
C. Silva-Robles

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (2), 66

Abstract
Community management has emerged as a new profession since the advent of web 2.0. Professional positions and functions have been consolidated and standardized within corporate communication; consequently, many organizations hire community management services or agencies. This paper discusses the roles of the professionals who are responsible for community management in Spanish advertising and public relations agencies. A survey identified the typical profile of a professional in this field: a woman, aged 25-35 years, journalism degree, with two to three years previous digital media experience. In other words, a young professional with a CV linked to the world of communication.
Abstract
Community management has emerged as a new profession since the advent of web 2.0. Professional positions and functions have been consolidated and standardized within corporate [...]
- 4
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The socio-educative role of public libraries: new professional profiles for new times
S. Sánchez-García, S. Yubero

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (2), 65

Abstract
The public library of the 21st century is conceived of as a social center from and for the community, focused on the planning and development of educational intervention programs related to literacy, participation, and social integration. The library staff should promote actions aimed at reducing social inequalities, favoring access of all citizens to culture, information, and education; with particular care for those who are most vulnerable. The complexity of the situation calls for the inclusion of librarians and specialists trained in socio-educational processes and practices and with special emphasis on intervention with special needs groups.
Abstract
The public library of the 21st century is conceived of as a social center from and for the community, focused on the planning and development of educational intervention programs [...]
- 1
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Use of drones for informative purposes in television companies in Spain
J. Gallardo-Camacho, E. Lavín

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (2), 64

Abstract
The use of drones to capture images for journalistic purposes is in its infancy. Consequently, there exists a demand for skilled professionals to manage these devices. In this article we provide a snapshot of drone pilots in Spain and also analyze the type of drone content used in journalism. A qualitative methodology is used with 14 in-depth interviews with heads of documentation and production in TV newsrooms and drone pilots. We also obtained a sample of 43 images broadcast during a 10 month period, thanks to departments of documentation within newsrooms. We conclude that drone pilots work on a project basis to maximize profitability, i.e, the pilots are working project-by-project, rather than working full-time for one media outlet or news program. Natural disasters are among the images most commonly used, representing 72% of the drone images in broadcast news.
Abstract
The use of drones to capture images for journalistic purposes is in its infancy. Consequently, there exists a demand for skilled professionals to manage these devices. In [...]
- 1
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The neuromarketing professional in the Spanish audiovisual sector
V. Crespo-Pereira, V. Martínez-Fernández, P. García-Soidán

El profesional de la información (2016). Vol. 25, (2), 63

Abstract
The emergence of new digital business models and its subsequent impact on the consumption of audiovisual products has led to more optimized decisions and the constant refinement of the strategies of traditional media groups. In the last several years some major audiovisual companies have begun to incorporate novel methodological developments into their market research in order to give a more efficient response to audience demands. The introduction of neuromarketing is a trend that, although incipient, is becoming more established in Spain. In order to define the scope and impact of neuromarketing in its application to the Spanish audiovisual sector, this study aims to analyze both the implementation and the new professional who manages it, leading to a guide of best practices, challenges, and future development.
Abstract
The emergence of new digital business models and its subsequent impact on the consumption of audiovisual products has led to more optimized decisions and the constant refinement [...]
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