Documents published in 2011 : Scipedia

Análisis del método para calificación de software QSOS para la selección de software aplicable a procesos educativos
G. Ramos, J. Páez

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2011). Vol. 2, (4), 45

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Los valores morales en la conducta personal
B. Aguirre Palma

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2011). Vol. 2, (4), 44

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Disponibilidad de infraestructura y recursos tecnológicos en el sistema escolar de educación básica del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito
J. Coronel

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2011). Vol. 2, (4), 43

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Español:La combinación curricular de los medios tecnológicos (informáticos, audiovisuales y de la comunicaciónen general) y el aprovechamiento de las ventajas didácticas no resulta una labor sencilla. Eldocente necesita determinadas destrezas e ideas técnicas, ha de estar enterado sobre los materialesdisponibles y sobre cómo usarlos didácticamente, y precisa recursos e infraestructura para desarrollarlas actividades educativas con sus estudiantes. También es necesario tiempo para: preparar todasestas actividades, planificar, evaluar su uso, etc.El problema que presume el uso de los medios informáticos y audiovisuales en los procesos de enseñanzay aprendizaje, las instituciones educativas que quieren iniciar o ampliar su utilización porparte del cuerpo docente han de procurar una buena organización de estos recursos. Esta organizacióngeneralmente supone el montaje de aulas de recursos que faciliten la utilización, el control y elalmacenamiento de estos materiales.En la distribución de los recursos tecnológicos de un centro logramos diferenciar tres tipos de elementosmateriales:La infraestructura física. Se considera:- El área física adecuada para el uso y almacenamiento de los recursos: aulas, almacenes, bodegas,etc.- Las instalaciones: iluminación, enchufes, ventilación, aislamiento, sistemas de seguridad.- Los materiales adicionales: mesas, armarios, sillas...Los aparatos tecnológicos. Son aquellos aparatos obligatorios para poder usar los materiales curricularesque se presentan como soporte tecnológico. Por ejemplo:- Computadoras, impresoras, conexiones y otros recursos informáticos.- Televisión, Televisión por cable, Televisión satelital.- Retro-proyectores, proyectores de diapositivas, cámaras fotográficas.- Casetes, cadenas musicales, altavoces, micros.Materiales curriculares. Son los materiales que, en conjunto con sus guías didácticas, contienen lainformación. Su aplicación requiere el uso de algunos aparatos tecnológicos. Entre los materialescurriculares que necesitan soporte tecnológico se puede destacar:- Software informático.- Diapositivas, transparencias.- Programas de vídeo.- Discos compactos.Esta investigación tiene como objetivo fundamental realizar una descripción de la situación de lasEscuelas del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito en el año 2011, en los siguientes ámbitos de estudio:infraestructura y recursos tecnológicos. Una parte importante de este estudio es determinar los contrastesexistentes entre las Instituciones Educativas de este territorio.English:The curricular combination of the technological resources (computer, audiovisuals and the communicationsin general) and the didactics aids provided by them, seems not to be an easy task. Theteachers need certain skills as well as technical ideas. They need to be well trained on the uses of theavailable materials and have a wide knowledge about the didactic use of them. It is also mandatoryto provide the institutions with an appropriate infrastructure to develop the educative activitiesalong with the students. So forth in order to prepare, plan and asses the correct application of suchactivities time is required.The problem comes out in the uses of the computer and audiovisuals means during the teaching –learning process. The educative institutions, in an attempt to initiate or increase the use of thesemeans, should provide teachers with a rightful organization of these resources. Such organization isrelated to the provision of source rooms which facilitate the utilization, control and storage of thesematerials.In the distributions of the technological resources of an institution there are three types of materialelements.The physic infrastructure: it is considered:- The physic area arranged for the use and storage of the resources: classrooms, stores, shops,etc.- The facilities: illumination, plugs, air condition, security systems- The additional materials: tables, chairs, closets, etc.The technological apparatus. They are the mandatory apparatus in order to utilize the curricular materialspresented as technological support. For instance:- Computers, printers, connections, and any other informatics resources.- TV, cable TV, satellite TV.- LCD projectors, overhead projectors, camera.- Cassettes, devises to store music, speakers, microphones.Curricular materials. They are materials that together with their didactic guides contain the information.Its application requires the use of technological apparatus. For instance:- Informative software.- Slides.- Compact discs.- Video programsThe aim of this research is to map the current situation of the schools within the Metropolitan Districtof Quito in the year 2011 in both infrastructure and technological resources fields. A very importantcomponent of this study is to determine the existent contrast among the Educative Institutionslocated within this territory.
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Español:La combinación curricular de los medios tecnológicos (informáticos, audiovisuales y de la comunicaciónen general) y el aprovechamiento de las ventajas didácticas [...]
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Estudio de la construcción de índices integrales para el apoyo al control de gestión empresarial
A. Medina León, N. Piloto Fleitas, D. Nogueira Rivera, A. Hernández Nariño, A. Ricardo Alonso, J. Viteri Moya

Enfoque UTE - Scientific Engineering Journal (2011). Vol. 2, (4), 42

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Estimation of the dispersion error in the numerical wave number of standard and stabilized finite element approximations of the Helmholtz equation
L. Steffens, N. Parés, P. Diez

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. (2011). Vol. 86 (10), pp. 1197-1224

Abstract
An estimator for the error in the wave number is presented in the context of finite element approximations of the Helmholtz equation. The proposed estimate is an extension of the ideas introduced in [28]. In the previous work, the error assessment technique was developed for standard Galerkin approximations. Here, the methodology is extended to deal also with stabilized approximations of the Helmholtz equation. Thus, the accuracy of the stabilized solutions is analyzed, including also their sensitivity to the stabilization parameters depending on the mesh topology. The procedure builds up an inexpensive approximation of the exact solution, using post-processing techniques standard in error estimation analysis, from which the estimate of the error in the wave number is computed using a simple closed expression. The recovery technique used in [28] is based in a polynomial least squares fitting. Here a new recovery strategy is introduced, using exponential (in a complex setup, trigonometric) local approximations respecting the nature of the solution of the wave problem.
Abstract
An estimator for the error in the wave number is presented in the context of finite element approximations of the Helmholtz equation. The proposed estimate is an extension [...]
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Numerical modeling of the Double Punch Test for plain concrete
A. Pros, P. Diez, C. Molins

Int. J. Solids and Structures (2011). Vol. 48 (7-8), pp. 1229-1238

Abstract
Double punch test is used to indirectly assess the tensile strength of plain concrete, ft. For this normalized test, the tensile strength is obtained as a function of the failure load, P, which is expressed as ft = F(P). Different authors have proposed different expressions for the relation F(.), yielding scattered values of ft. None of these alternatives is universally recognized as being more suitable than the others. In fact, these expressions are mainly based on elastic models considering the maximum tensile stress under the load P and ft is obtained as an output of the linear model. A numerical simulation allows using models in which ft is an input of the material model and the corresponding failure load P is obtained associated with each value of ft. In the present work, double punch test is simulated numerically considering two alternatives for modeling plain concrete accounting for damage and cracking: (a) the nonlocal Mazars damage model and (b) an heuristic crack model including joint elements in an a priori defined crack pattern. Numerical results are validated with experimental data and compared with the analytical expressions available in the literature.
Abstract
Double punch test is used to indirectly assess the tensile strength of plain concrete, ft. For this normalized test, the tensile strength is obtained as a function of the [...]
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Goal-oriented h-adaptivity for the Helmholtz equation: error estimates, local indicators and refinement strategies
L. Steffens, N. Parés, P. Diez

Computational Mechanics (2011). Vol. 47 (6), pp. 681-699

Abstract
This paper introduces a new goal-oriented adap- tive technique based on a simple and effective post-process of the finite element approximations. The goal-oriented character of the estimate is achieved by analyzing both the direct problem and an auxiliary problem, denoted as adjoint or dual problem, which is related to the quantity of interest. Thus, the error estimation technique proposed in this paper would fall into the category of recovery-type explicit residual a posteriori error estimates. The procedure is valid for general linear quantities of interest and it is also extended to non-linear ones. The numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach and discuss: 1) different error representations, 2) assessment of the dispersion error, and 3) different remeshing criteria.
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This paper introduces a new goal-oriented adap- tive technique based on a simple and effective post-process of the finite element approximations. The goal-oriented character [...]
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Numerical modeling of erosion using an improvement of the extended finite element method
R. Cottereau, P. Diez

European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering (2011). Vol. 15 (8), pp. 1187-1206

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We present in this paper a numerical model of the erosion of a soil that accounts for both the flow in the open fluid and the flow of fluid through the porous soil. The interface between the open fluid and the soil is represented using a level-set function, and the erosion is controlled by the shear stress vector. The evaluation of the approximate value of this gradient is particularly focused on, and an improved method, called XFE+ method, is presented. Numerical results in 2D and 3D illustrate the accuracy and the potentiality of this method.
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We present in this paper a numerical model of the erosion of a soil that accounts for both the flow in the open fluid and the flow of fluid through the porous soil. The interface [...]
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A combined nodal continuous-discontinuous finite element formulation for the Maxwell problem
S. Badia, R. Codina

Applied Mathematics and Computation (2011). Vol. 218 (8), pp. 4276-4294

Abstract
Continuous Galerkin formulations are appealing due to their low computational cost, whereas discontinuous Galerkin formulation facilitate adaptative mesh refinement and are more accurate in regions with jumps of physical parameters. Since many electromagnetic problems involve materials with different physical properties, this last point is very important. For this reason, in this article we have developed a combined cG–dG formulation for Maxwell’s problem that allows arbitrary finite element spaces with functins continuous in patches of finite elements and discontinuous on the interfaces of these patches. In particular, the second formulation we propose comes from a novel continuous Galerkin formulation that reduces the amount of stabilization introduced in the numerical system. In all cases, we have performed stability and convergence analyses of the methods. The outcome of this work is a new approach that keeps the low CPU cost of recent nodal continuous formulations with the ability to deal with coefficient jumps and adaptivity of discontinuous ones. All these methods have been tested using a problem with singular solution and another one with different materials, in order to prove that in fact the resulting formulations can properly deal with these problems.
Abstract
Continuous Galerkin formulations are appealing due to their low computational cost, whereas discontinuous Galerkin formulation facilitate adaptative mesh refinement and are [...]
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The Fixed‐Mesh ALE approach for the numerical simulation of floating solids
J. Baiges, R. Codina, H. Coppola-Owen

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids (2011). Vol. 67 (8), pp. 1004-1023

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a method to solve the problem of floating solids using always a background mesh for the spatial discretization of the fluid domain. The main feature of the method is that it properly accounts for the advection of information as the domain boundary evolves. To achieve this, we use an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian framework, the distinctive characteristic being that at each time step results are projected onto a fixed, background mesh. We pay special attention to the tracking of the various interfaces and their intersections, and to the approximate imposition of coupling conditions between the solid and the fluid.
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In this paper, we propose a method to solve the problem of floating solids using always a background mesh for the spatial discretization of the fluid domain. The main feature [...]
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Finite element dynamical subgrid-scale approximation of low Mach number flow equations
M. Ávila, J. Principe, R. Codina

Journal of Computational Physics (2011). Vol. 230, pp. 7988-8009

Abstract
In this work we propose a variational multiscale finite element approximation of thermally coupled low speed flows. The physical model is described by the low Mach number equations, which are obtained as a limit of the compressible Navier Stokes equations in the small Mach number. In contrast to the commonly used Boussinesq approximation, this model permits to take volumetric deformation into account. Although the former is more general than the later, both systems have similar mathematical structure and their numerical approximation can suffer the same type of instabilities. We propose a stabilized finite element approximation based on the the variational multiscale method, in which a decomposition of the approximating space into a coarse scale resolvable part and a fine scale subgrid part is performed. Modeling the subscale and taking its effect on the coarse scale problem into account, results in a stable formulation. The quality of the final approximation (accuracy, efficiency) depends on the particular model. The distinctive features of our approach are to consider the subscales as transient and to keep the scale splitting in all the nonlinear terms. The first ingredient permits to obtain an improved time discretization scheme (higher accuracy, better stability, no restrictions on the time step size). The second ingredient permits to prove global conservation properties. It also allows us to approach the problem of dealing with thermal turbulence from a strictly numerical point of view. Numerical tests show that nonlinear and dynamic subscales give more accurate solutions than classical stabilized methods.
Abstract
In this work we propose a variational multiscale finite element approximation of thermally coupled low speed flows. The physical model is described by the low Mach number [...]
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Finite element approximation of transmission conditions in fluids and solids introducing boundary subgrid scales
R. Codina, J. Baiges

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. (2011). Vol. 87 (1-5), pp. 386-411

Abstract
Terms involving jumps of stresses on boundaries are proposed for the finite element approximation of the Stokes problem and the linear elasticity equations. These terms are designed to improve the transmission conditions between subdomains at three different levels, namely, between the element domains, between the interfaces in homogeneous domain interaction problems and at the interface between the fluid and the solid in fluid–structure interaction problems. The benefits in each case are respectively the possibility of using discontinuous pressure interpolations in a stabilized finite element approximation of the Stokes problem, a stronger enforcement of the stress continuity in homogeneous domain decomposition problems and a considerable improvement of the behavior of iterative schemes to couple the fluid and the solid in fluid–structure integration algorithms. The motivation to introduce these terms stems from a decomposition of the unknown into a conforming and a non‐conforming part, a hybrid formulation for the latter and a simple approximation for the unknowns involved in the hybrid problem.
Abstract
Terms involving jumps of stresses on boundaries are proposed for the finite element approximation of the Stokes problem and the linear elasticity equations. These terms are [...]
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A free surface finite element model for low Froude number mould filling problems on fixed meshes
H. Coppola-Owen, R. Codina

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids (2011). Vol. 66 (7), pp. 833-851

Abstract
The simulation of low Froude number mould filling problems on fixed meshes presents significant difficulties. As the Froude number decreases, the coupling between the position of the interface and the resulting flow field increases. The usual two‐phase flow model provides poor results for such flow. In order to overcome the difficulties, a free surface model that applies boundary conditions at the interface accurately is used. Moreover, the use of wall laws on curved boundaries also fails in the case of low Froude number flows. To solve this second problem, we combine wall laws with ‘do nothing’ boundary conditions. A special feature of our approach is that ‘do nothing’ boundary conditions are only applied in the normal direction. These two key ingredients together with the Level Set method allow us to simulate three‐dimensional mould filling problems borrowed directly from the foundry.
Abstract
The simulation of low Froude number mould filling problems on fixed meshes presents significant difficulties. As the Froude number decreases, the coupling between the position [...]
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Approximation of the inductionless MHD problem using a stabilized finite element method
R. Planas, S. Badia, R. Codina

Journal of Computational Physics (2011). Vol. 230 (8), pp. 2977-2996

Abstract
In this work, we present a stabilized formulation to solve the inductionless magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) problem using the finite element (FE) method. The MHD problem couples the Navier–Stokes equations and a Darcy-type system for the electric potential via Lorentz’s force in the momentum equation of the Navier–Stokes equations and the currents generated by the moving fluid in Ohm’s law. The key feature of the FE formulation resides in the design of the stabilization terms, which serve several purposes. First, the formulation is suitable for convection dominated flows. Second, there is no need to use interpolation spaces constrained to a compatibility condition in both sub-problems and therefore, equal-order interpolation spaces can be used for all the unknowns. Finally, this formulation leads to a coupled linear system; this monolithic approach is effective, since the coupling can be dealt by effective preconditioning and iterative solvers that allows to deal with high Hartmann numbers.
Abstract
In this work, we present a stabilized formulation to solve the inductionless magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) problem using the finite element (FE) method. The MHD [...]
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Approximation of the thermally coupled MHD problem using a stabilized finite element method
R. Codina, N. Hernández-Silva

Journal of Computational Physics (2011). Vol. 230 (4), pp. 1281-1303

Abstract
A numerical formulation to solve the MHD problem with thermal coupling is presented in full detail. The distinctive feature of the method is the design of the stabilization terms, which serve several purposes. First, convective dominated flows in the Navier–Stokes and the heat equation can be dealt with. Second, there is no restriction in the choice of the interpolation spaces of all the variables and, finally, flows highly coupled with the magnetic field can be accounted for. Different aspects related to the design of the final fully discrete and linearized algorithm are also discussed.
Abstract
A numerical formulation to solve the MHD problem with thermal coupling is presented in full detail. The distinctive feature of the method is the design of the stabilization [...]
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Spatial approximation of the radiation transport equation using a subgrid-scale finite element method
M. Ávila, R. Codina, J. Principe

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2011). Vol. 200 (5-8), pp. 425-438

Abstract
In this paper we present stabilized finite element methods to discretize in space the monochromatic radiation transport equation. These methods are based on the decomposition of the unknowns into resolvable and subgrid scales, with an approximation for the latter that yields a problem to be solved for the former. This approach allows us to design the algorithmic parameters on which the method depends, which we do here when the discrete ordinates method is used for the directional approximation. We concentrate on two stabilized methods, namely, the classical SUPG technique and the orthogonal subscale stabilization. A numerical analysis of the spatial approximation for both formulations is performed, which shows that they have a similar behavior: they are both stable and optimally convergent in the same mesh-dependent norm. A comparison with the behavior of the Galerkin method, for which a non-standard numerical analysis is done, is also presented.
Abstract
In this paper we present stabilized finite element methods to discretize in space the monochromatic radiation transport equation. These methods are based on the decomposition [...]
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Benchmarking on bifurcation and localization in J2 plasticity for plane stress and plane strain conditions
M. Cervera, M. Chiumenti, D. Di Capua

(2011). Research Report, Nº PI370

Abstract
This paper studies the phenomenon of strain bifurcation and localization in J2 plasticity under plane stress and plane strain conditions. Necessary conditions for the outcome of bifurcation, localization, stress boundedness and decohesion are analytically established. It is shown that the explicit consideration of these conditions allows for the determination of localization angles in certain situations of interest that can be used to conduct benchmark tests on finite element formulations. The relative merits of irreducible, (stabilized) mixed and (displacement and/or strain) enhanced formulations are discussed. Numerical examples show that the mixed displacement/pressure formulation is to be preferred to the standard irreducible schemes in order to predict correct failure mechanisms with localized patterns of plastic deformation. Mixed elements are shown to be practically free from mesh directional bias dependence.
Abstract
This paper studies the phenomenon of strain bifurcation and localization in J2 plasticity under plane stress and plane strain conditions. Necessary conditions for the outcome [...]
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The Particle Finite Element Method for multi-fluid flows
S. Idelsohn, M. Mier-Torrecilla, J. Marti, E. Oñate

(2011). Particle-Based Methods, Computational Methods in Applied Sciences, Springer, E. Oñate and R. Owen (Eds.), Vol. 25, pp. 135-158

Abstract
This paper presents the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) and its application to multi-fluid flows. Key features of the method are the use of a Lagrangian description to model the motion of the fluid particles (nodes) and that all the information is associated to the particles. A mesh connects the nodes defining the discretized domain where the governing equations, expressed in an integral form, are solved as in the standard FEM.We have extended the method to problems involving several different fluids with the aim of exploiting the fact that Lagrangian methods are specially well suited for tracking any kind of interfaces.
Abstract
This paper presents the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) and its application to multi-fluid flows. Key features of the method are the use of a Lagrangian description [...]
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Advances in the particle finite element method (PFEM) for solving coupled problems in engineering
E. Oñate, S. Idelsohn, M. Celigueta, R. Rossi, J. Marti, J. Carbonell, P. Ryzhakov, B. Suárez

(2011). Particle-Based Methods, Computational Methods in Applied Sciences, Springer, E. Oñate and R. Owen (Eds.), Vol. 25, pp. 1-48

Abstract
We present some developments in the formulation of the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) for analysis of complex coupled problems on fluid and solid mechanics in engineering accounting for fluid-structure interaction and coupled thermal effects, material degradation and surface wear. The PFEM uses an updated Lagrangian description to model the motion of nodes (particles) in both the fluid and the structure domains. Nodes are viewed as material points which can freely move and even separate from the main analysis domain representing, for instance, the effect of water drops. A mesh connects the nodes defining the discretized domain where the governing equations are solved, as in the standard FEM. The necessary stabilization for dealing with the incompressibility of the fluid is introduced via the finite calculus (FIC) method. An incremental iterative scheme for the solution of the non linear transient coupled fluid-structure problem is described. The procedure for modelling frictional contact conditions at fluid-solid and solid-solid interfaces via mesh generation are described. A simple algorithm to treat soil erosion in fluid beds is presented. An straight forward extension of the PFEM to model excavation processes and wear of rock cutting tools is described. Examples of application of the PFEM to solve a wide number of coupled problems in engineering such as the effect of large waves on breakwaters and bridges, the large motions of floating and submerged bodies, bed erosion in open channel flows, the wear of rock cutting tools during excavation and tunneling and the melting, dripping and burning of polymers in fire situations are presented.
Abstract
We present some developments in the formulation of the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) for analysis of complex coupled problems on fluid and solid mechanics in engineering [...]
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Active transonic aerofoil design optimization using robust multiobjective evolutionary algorithms
D. Lee, J. Periaux, L. González, E. Oñate, N. Qin

Journal of Aircraft (2011). Vol. 48 (3) pp. 1084-1094

Abstract
The use of adaptive wing/aerofoil designs is being considered, as they are promising techniques in aeronautic/ aerospace since they can reduce aircraft emissions and improve aerodynamic performance of manned or unmanned aircraft. This paper investigates the robust design and optimization for one type of adaptive techniques: active flow control bump at transonic flow conditions on a natural laminar flow aerofoil. The concept of using shock control bump is to control supersonic flow on the suction/pressure side of natural laminar flow aerofoil that leads to delaying shock occurrence (weakening its strength) or boundary-layer separation. Such an active flow control technique reduces total drag at transonic speeds due to reduction of wave drag. The location of boundary-layer transition can influence the position and structure of the supersonic shock on the suction/pressure side of aerofoil. The boundarylayer transition position is considered as an uncertainty design parameter in aerodynamic design due to the many factors, such as surface contamination or surface erosion. This paper studies the shock-control-bump shape design optimization using robust evolutionary algorithms with uncertainty in boundary-layer transition locations. The optimization method is based on a canonical evolution strategy and incorporates the concepts of hierarchical topology, parallel computing, and asynchronous evaluation. Two test cases are conducted: the first test assumes the boundary-layer transition position is at 45% of chord from the leading edge, and the second test considers robust design optimization for the shock control bump at the variability of boundary-layer transition positions. The numerical result shows that the optimization method coupled to uncertainty design techniques produces Pareto optimal shock-control-bump shapes, which have low sensitivity and high aerodynamic performance while having significant total drag reduction.
Abstract
The use of adaptive wing/aerofoil designs is being considered, as they are promising techniques in aeronautic/ aerospace since they can reduce aircraft emissions and improve [...]
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Robust design optimization in aeronautics using stochastic analysis and evolutionary algorithms
J. Pons-Prats, G. Bugeda, F. Zárate, E. Oñate

Journal of Aerospace Engineering (2011). Vol. 225, (10), pp. 1131-1151

Abstract
Uncertainties are a daily issue to deal with in aerospace engineering and applications. Robust optimization methods commonly use a random generation of the inputs and take advantage of multi-point criteria to look for robust solutions accounting with uncertainty definition. From the computational point of view, the application to coupled problems, like computational fluid dynamics (CFD) or fluid–structure interaction (FSI), can be extremely expensive. This study presents a coupling between stochastic analysis techniques and evolutionary optimization algorithms for the definition of a stochastic robust optimization procedure. At first, a stochastic procedure is proposed to be applied into optimization problems. The proposed method has been applied to both CFD and FSI problems for the reduction of drag and flutter, respectively.
Abstract
Uncertainties are a daily issue to deal with in aerospace engineering and applications. Robust optimization methods commonly use a random generation of the inputs and take [...]
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Discrete element simulation of rock cutting
J. Rojek, E. Oñate, C. Labra, H. Kargl

Int. J. Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences (2011). Vol. 48 (6), pp. 996-1010

Abstract
This paper presents numerical modelling of rock cutting processes. The model consists of a tool–rock system. The rock is modelled using the discrete element method, which is suitable to study problems of multiple material fracturing such as those involved in rock cutting. Both 2D and 3D models are considered in this work. The paper presents a brief overview of the theoretical formulation and calibration of the discrete element model by a methodology combining the dimensional analysis with simulation of the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and indirect tension (Brazilian) tests. The rock cutting process with roadheader picks, which is typical for underground excavation, has been simulated. The results of the 2D and 3D analyses have been compared with one another, and numerical results have been compared with the available experimental data.
Abstract
This paper presents numerical modelling of rock cutting processes. The model consists of a tool–rock system. The rock is modelled using the discrete element method, [...]
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Computationally optimized formulation for the simulation of composite materials and delamination failures
X. Martinez, F. Rastellini, S. Oller, F. Flores, E. Oñate

Composites Part B: Enginnering (2011). Vol. 42 (2), pp. 134-144

Abstract
The numerical simulation of complex failure modes of composite materials, such as delamination, can be computationally very demanding, as it requires special elements and/or numerical strategies to characterize damage onset and propagation. This work presents several formulations developed to optimize the computational performance of an explicit finite element code designed specifically for the simulation of large scale composite structures. The composite mechanical performance is obtained with the matrix-reinforced mixing theory, a simplified version of the serial/parallel mixing theory that does not require an iterative procedure or the calculation of the tangent stiffness matrix. The number of elements required to perform the simulation is reduced by stacking several layers inside a single finite element. This work also proposes a modification of the isotropic damage law, capable of taking into account the residual strength provided by friction in type II fracture modes. The ability of these formulations to successfully predict the mechanical performance of composite materials is assessed with the ply drop-off test. In this test a laminate with a change of thickness in its mid-span is loaded until it breaks due to a delamination process. The formulation proposed obtains a very accurate prediction of the experimental response of the test, as it provides a very good characterization of the initial laminate stiffness, the delamination onset, and its propagation along the specimen.
Abstract
The numerical simulation of complex failure modes of composite materials, such as delamination, can be computationally very demanding, as it [...]
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Hybrid-Game Strategies for multi-objective design optimization in engineering
D. Lee, L. González, J. Periaux, A. Srinivas, E. Oñate

Computers and Fluids (2011). Vol. 47 (1), pp. 189-204

Abstract
A number of Game Strategies (GS) have been developed in past decades. They have been used in the fields of economics, engineering, computer science and biology due to their efficiency in solving design optimization problems. In addition, research in multi-objective (MO) and multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) has focused on developing robust and efficient optimization methods to produce a set of high quality solutions with low computational cost. In this paper, two optimization techniques are considered; the first optimization method uses multi-fidelity hierarchical Pareto optimality. The second optimization method uses the combination of two Game Strategies; Nash-equilibrium and Pareto optimality. The paper shows how Game Strategies can be hybridised and coupled to Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEA) to accelerate convergence speed and to produce a set of high quality solutions. Numerical results obtained from both optimization methods are compared in terms of computational expense and model quality. The benefits of using Hybrid-Game Strategies are clearly demonstrated
Abstract
A number of Game Strategies (GS) have been developed in past decades. They have been used in the fields of economics, engineering, computer science and biology due to their [...]
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ISI rankings of universities in Spain by scientific field
D. Torres-Salinas, E. Delgado-López-Cózar, J. García-Moreno-Torres, F. Herrera

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 94

Abstract
The “ISI rankings of the spanish universities by scientific fields” report is described, and some of the results are presented. One of the essential characteristics of this new ranking, based on Thomson-Reuters products, is its organization into 12 fields of knowledge. The IFQ2A-Index indicator was used to sort the universities, synthesizing information from 6 bibliometric indicators. The results section presents some total indicators for the Spanish university system, showing a steady growth of scientific production but almost no change in the visibility of the journals. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the results shows the dominance of Catalan universities in the 12 fields of knowledge analyzed during the period 2005-2009.
Abstract
The “ISI rankings of the spanish universities by scientific fields” report is described, and some of the results are presented. One of the essential characteristics [...]
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Creating and curating the cognitive commons: Southampton’s contribution
L. Carr, A. Swan, S. Harnard

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 93

Abstract
Historical overview of the significant contributions the School of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton has made to promote open access (OA), leading this movement worldwide. The advantages and disadvantages of the so-called greenway (self-archiving in repositories) and golden road (author pays) are presented. An analysis is made of the historical mistake of promoting the golden road to open access, instead of the green road. The different policies to achieve universal OA to science are discussed.
Abstract
Historical overview of the significant contributions the School of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton has made to promote open access (OA), [...]
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Redocom 2.0: a Spanish university-based media documentation platform with Iberoamerican coverage
A. López-Yepes, S. Romero, V. Cámara-Bados, R. Cetina-Presuel

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 92

Abstract
Description of a recent action in the Multimedia Documentation Service of the Department of Library and Information Science at Universidad Complutense de Madrid. A proposal to establish a university-based online publication platform on information science research (Redocom 2.0) is presented, citing precedents produced in this area by the Documentation Service. Contents, structure, systematization, and the corresponding sections are described, with a few conclusions on the matters affecting the present and future of this online medium.
Abstract
Description of a recent action in the Multimedia Documentation Service of the Department of Library and Information Science at Universidad Complutense de Madrid. A proposal [...]
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Psycho-sociological aspects of internet use
T. Baiget

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 91

Abstract
Population growth, disappearance of borders, ease of transport services, and particularly telecommunications networks have led people to interact much more with each other and to accentuate the social aspect of humankind within the general context of globalization. Moreover, the use of media and social networks has led to greater information exchange and closer cooperation, even among strangers. This phenomenon has important psychological implications for individuals in general and especially for librarians and information scientists, professionals who must have good skills to deal with users.
Abstract
Population growth, disappearance of borders, ease of transport services, and particularly telecommunications networks have led people to interact much more with each other [...]
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Mystery and transparency: access to information in the domains of religion and science
P. Sturges

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 90

Abstract
Whilst science and religion are arguably compatible as two methods to identify truth, in practice they are divergent in their effects. This has serious implications for the theory and practice of library and information work. By starting with the human right of freedom of expression (which contains the right of freedom of access to information) it is possible to compare religion and science and their tendency towards mystery or transparency. The scientific method is inherently sceptical, testing hypotheses with openly exposed methods and results. Although the purity of science is sometimes reduced by its paymasters (governments, corporations and foundations) and by the scientific establishment itself, it offers a model of transparency. Religion is based on faith in some form of revelation, often encapsulated in a book or books, against which knowledge is tested. In practice this preference for authority and mystery encourages the forceful rejection of ideas and fosters secrecy both intellectual and organisational. It is suggested here that libraries are institutionsthat expose ideas for public use and that they are therefore part of the scientific project. The censorship and suppression of ideas associated with religion needs to be resisted by library and information professionals in whatever form, such as a resurgent emphasis on protection of religion through blasphemy laws, that this tendency manifests itself.
Abstract
Whilst science and religion are arguably compatible as two methods to identify truth, in practice they are divergent in their effects. This has serious implications for the [...]
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Effective strategic thinking techniques: Search conference Momentum
T. Blanco, J. Casals, J. Frígols, E. Stinus, X. Estivill, A. Stinus

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 89

Abstract
The information age has deeply affected the way organizations are managing to cope with the abundance of information and their needs to connect and influence the networks of interests they have around them. This new scenario has questioned the traditional strategic planning methods and process-related information management, which have to be replaced by a more agile, flexible and participative ones. Search conference Momentum comes from the fusion of organizational planning and community action methodologies developed in Australia, creativity techniques from quality management, and innovation as well as interactional animation techniques in a group originated for R&D departments of German companies. This paper presents the main characteristics and success factors in its implementation.
Abstract
The information age has deeply affected the way organizations are managing to cope with the abundance of information and their needs to connect and influence the networks [...]
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Alternatives for the self-management of author rights in the digital world
V. Torres-Padrosa, J. Delgado-Mercé

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 88

Abstract
We analyse different alternatives that facilitate the exploitation of intellectual property. Specifically, we deal with author’s rights. First we provide a general overview of the intellectual property concept and then we describe the rights management alternatives, including collective management and self management. Next, we analyse a selected set of initiatives that enable users to self manage their intellectual property rights, by partially transferring them or by obtaining economic benefits in exchange. We finally propose the main features for a comprehensive intellectual property system and present the results and prototypes that our research group has obtained and developed.
Abstract
We analyse different alternatives that facilitate the exploitation of intellectual property. Specifically, we deal with author’s rights. First we provide a general overview [...]
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Information organization on newspaper web sites
M. Acosta-Valdés, Z. Ramírez-Céspedes, L. Marrero-Santana

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 87

Abstract
With the development of collaborative systems, the web users create and disseminate information across the blogs, wikis and social networks. In that dynamic process, transmitter and receiver change roles to generate a huge amount of information that needs to be organized efficiently. We present the results of a benchmarking study, the goal of which is to determine the most recent tendencies for information organizing, navigation, searching and participation in six of the most significant newspaper sites.
Abstract
With the development of collaborative systems, the web users create and disseminate information across the blogs, wikis and social networks. In that dynamic process, transmitter [...]
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The development of Colombian online newspapers
E. Said-Hung, C. Arcila-Calderón, J. Méndez-Barraza

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 86

Abstract
In this study we analyse 38 online newspapers in Colombia, with the goal of determining the level of development of cybermedia in this country, taking special account of the incorporation of Web 2.0 tools. This work is part of a bigger project, “Cybermedia in Colombia and Latin America”, which is being coordinated by the Universidad del Norte (Colombia), with the recent support of the Universidad de los Andes (Venezuela). For the empirical research, we applied the model proposed by Rodríguez-Martínez, Codina y Pedraza-Jiménez (2010), with the further objective of building an indicator to measure the development of Colombian online newspapers. The results show that these digital media have low levels of accessibility, visibility and popularity, and therefore low use of tools for interaction, in-depth exploration and personalization of contents. The study concludes with a quality ranking of cybermedia in Colombia.
Abstract
In this study we analyse 38 online newspapers in Colombia, with the goal of determining the level of development of cybermedia in this country, taking special account of the [...]
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Web tutorials: indicators and best practice examples
M. Somoza-Fernández, C. Rodríguez-Parada

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 85

Abstract
University libraries make web tutorials on a variety of topics. Often they are efforts to improve user’s information literacy and to show them technological improvements on interactive interfaces. A methodology with a total of 34 indicators to be taken into account in the development, evaluation and improvement of library tutorials created in any area and specialty is presented, together with examples of best practices that illustrate the indicators and that can be a guideline for library services wishing to make their own tutorials.
Abstract
University libraries make web tutorials on a variety of topics. Often they are efforts to improve user’s information literacy and to show them technological improvements [...]
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Internet as information source for the everyday life of Spanish young people
J. Sánchez-Navarro, D. Aranda

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 84

Abstract
This article reports and discusses quantitative data obtained from a survey of the Spanish population ages 12 to 18, as well as qualitative observations obtained from various discussion groups on the use of the internet as a means of obtaining useful information for everyday life, particularly in two spheres: leisure and formal education. The data show that young people use the internet mainly in informal and private spaces and, to a lesser extent, in formal educational environments. For this population group, the internet is used and is worth exploring to the extent that the information found is useful for social and leisure purposes, while educational benefits are taken for granted. Lastly, we point out that the young develop their own skills for evaluating information.
Abstract
This article reports and discusses quantitative data obtained from a survey of the Spanish population ages 12 to 18, as well as qualitative observations obtained from various [...]
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Motivation and time estimates in informational and dialogical internet tools usage
R. Cladellas-pros, L. Cárcamo-Ulloa, A. Castelló-Tarrida

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 83

Abstract
This paper analyzes the relationship between motivation and time estimates spent on internet based tasks, and its eventual incidence in informational and dialogical activities. The sample consisted of 120 students from 7 schools (“liceos”) in Chile, whose average age was 15. The participants had to carry out two different tasks on the Internet: first, a vertical communication activity (Google search); second, a horizontal communication activity (messaging). In each task, the perceived elapsed time and the level of interest were evaluated. When comparing the vertical and the horizontal communication activities, the results show a significantly higher interest and significantly lower estimated time in the horizontal communication task (chatting). From these results, a projection of the informational and educational uses of the internet can be made.
Abstract
This paper analyzes the relationship between motivation and time estimates spent on internet based tasks, and its eventual incidence in informational and dialogical activities. [...]
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The information pyramid revisited: enriching the cognitive sciences model
F. García-Marco

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 82

Abstract
The information pyramid, or DIKW hierarchy, is a key construct in information science and other related disciplines. Its concept, history and criticism are presented. Thereafter, the pyramid is enriched with the contributions of cognitive sciences in the last decades, and an enlarged model is proposed. Finally, a discussion of the different levels of the pyramid is presented from the point of view of the architecture of the human information system: data, information, knowledge and wisdom. As a result of very different points of view, the model is full of ambiguities and alternative interpretations, but nevertheless remains a fertile metaphor and a point of reference for the intra-disciplinary and trans-disciplinary dialog at the maximum level of abstraction.
Abstract
The information pyramid, or DIKW hierarchy, is a key construct in information science and other related disciplines. Its concept, history and criticism are presented. Thereafter, [...]
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Information psychology and sociology: a practical and theoretical need
F. García-Marco

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 81

Abstract
The role of the psychology and sociology of information is discussed in the five main interdisciplinary areas of library and information science: information services management, information systems engineering, information retrieval, information structure and dynamics, and information science theory. In recent years, after the impact of technological change has been progressively accommodated, psychological and sociological perspectives are assuming a growing importance in our discipline.
Abstract
The role of the psychology and sociology of information is discussed in the five main interdisciplinary areas of library and information science: information services management, [...]
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Linked open data and Open data. Its impact in the field of libraries and information science
F. Peset, A. Ferrer-Sapena, I. Subirats-Coll

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 80

Abstract
We show the first steps of the initiatives Open data and Linked open data as sources of innovation in the field of information management. As the Open Access movement (OA) and the Open Archives Initiative (OAI) implied some years ago, these two initiatives constitute a shock that reverberated in technological innovation and the structure of the Web. We present a global overview of open data and national projects related to government data. Four Spanish local or regional administrations have already begun to release their data: in chronological order, Asturias, Euskadi, Zaragoza and Catalonia. In the case of Linked open data we also provide a global picture, with 203 registered projects. We describe in more detail the work that the W3C is currently carrying out in the field of libraries. Finally we present the consecuences these new developments can have for librarianship and information science.
Abstract
We show the first steps of the initiatives Open data and Linked open data as sources of innovation in the field of information management. As the Open Access movement (OA) [...]
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Documentation in communication studies: applying web 2.0 tools
M. Serra-Pallarés, S. Espinosa-Mirabet

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 79

Abstract
We describe a case of implementation in the Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) for a change of mindset in third-year students taking the Informative Documentation class. Traditionally this area, so important in all the teaching of communication, has been a drag on the learning process of students who don’t see it as a versatile and useful subject that will guarantee the quality of their work. For this reason we designed a paired course with Informative and Audiovisual Genres, in the same program. Between the two classes, students completed a final project, a report developed for different media: press, radio and TV. The organization of all of the information and its sources came together in the creation of blogs that stored all of the material as it was collected.
Abstract
We describe a case of implementation in the Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) for a change of mindset in third-year students taking the Informative Documentation class. Traditionally [...]
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The digital contraction of the present
J. Rodríguez-López

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 78

Abstract
Digital communication tools have become the air we breathe, the liquid medium in which we operate, so that we can hardly imagine not being connected, answering compulsively the emails piling up by the hundreds, following the tweets list that is updated faster than we can read them, trying to follow the broken thread of a Facebook conversation, tying the knots of our fragile professional links, clumsily typing with two fingers SMS messages as brief as often imcomprensibly spelled, and doing all this simultaneously and separately, plunging into the digital stream that promises a new kind of freedom through the constant dynamic motion. The truth, however, is that it is quite the opposite of what was promised, and we are increasingly becoming aware of the antagonistic effects that this speed without any purpose imposes upon our senses, our capacity for concentration and understanding, and our perception of the weight and importance of the moment.
Abstract
Digital communication tools have become the air we breathe, the liquid medium in which we operate, so that we can hardly imagine not being connected, answering compulsively [...]
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Zyncro: the intranet 2.0
F. Grau, J. Xifra

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 77

Abstract
Zyncro opens a new dimension in corporate documentation management, based on the well-known concept of intranets and adapting it to the new 2.0 culture of collaboration and work online. Internal communications in public and private organizations are alive, and their flows of interaction between internal and external members of the organization are becoming more intense. Tools capable of handling large volumes of information in an easy, fast and secure manner are needed. This is where Zyncro appears: as the new intranet 2.0. This article analyzes and describes this new online application with special emphasis on its archiving and documentation function articulated through working groups and personal archives.
Abstract
Zyncro opens a new dimension in corporate documentation management, based on the well-known concept of intranets and adapting it to the new 2.0 culture of collaboration and [...]
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Free software evaluation for administrative archives management
J. Moreiro-González, S. Sánchez-Cuadrado, V. Palacios, E. Barra

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 76

Abstract
We evaluated three free software applications for administrative archives management and their implementation in university archives. Software evaluated was: Archon, Archivists ’ toolkit and ICA-AtoM. The comparative analysis considered 12 requirements concerning metadata management, description standards and lending, and document life-cycle analysis. The results show the requirements met by each software application evaluated. Although currently they do not satisfy all archive management requirements, open software can be customized and integrated with new contexts.
Abstract
We evaluated three free software applications for administrative archives management and their implementation in university archives. Software evaluated was: Archon, Archivists [...]
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Records security: case study of the Barcelona City Council Archive
O. Giralt, C. Vidal-Pijoan, C. Pérez-Soler

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 75

Abstract
The exponential growth of digital content in organizations and the obligation to ensure the preservation of documents makes the need more evident for mechanisms to ensure its authenticity, integrity and security. A case of the Archives of the Barcelona Town Hall, following the pioneering experience of the Amsterdam Town Hall Archives is presented. The Hitachi Content Platform (HCP) from Hitachi Data Systems was installed as a secure repository of digital documents. The project also included a review of current working patterns in an effort to establish procedures and best practices for digitization.
Abstract
The exponential growth of digital content in organizations and the obligation to ensure the preservation of documents makes the need more evident for mechanisms to ensure [...]
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Use of an elearning system as an intranet at the Faculty of Library and Information Science of the University of Barcelona
J. Rodríguez-Gairín

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 74

Abstract
The adaptation of a learning management system (Moodle) to the needs of managing an administrative intranet –including the requirements, structure developed and its usage level– is described four years after its implementation. The system main weaknesses and some additional applications to counteract them are discussed.
Abstract
The adaptation of a learning management system (Moodle) to the needs of managing an administrative intranet –including the requirements, structure developed and its usage [...]
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Permanent classroom without walls. Using an intranet in university education
A. Fidalgo, J. Canavilhas

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 73

Abstract
The experience of using an elearning platform for the Theories of Culture course of the journalism programme at the Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal, is described. The results were very positive: the students participated more; the number of students who attended class increased; if a student could not attend a class, he could partially recover the lesson from home; the bibliography can be given in full text; communication between teacher and students improved. Nevertheless, some institutions have the problem that the elearning platform or intranet is installed but no training is offered to staff.
Abstract
The experience of using an elearning platform for the Theories of Culture course of the journalism programme at the Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal, is described. [...]
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Collaborative working environment: intranet 2.0 of the Department of Health of the Government of Andalusia
J. Bejarano-Palma, J. García-León, J. Soto-Alba, M. Ruiz-Rodríguez, P. Toro-Sánchez-Blanco, I. Vicente-Hernández, J. Sánchez-Alberto

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 72

Abstract
The Department of Health of the Government of Andalusia provides professionals of the Andalusian Public Health Care System a collaborative working environment (Entorno colaborativo de trabajo [ECT]) based on the principles of web 2.0. The ECT is organized into communities, understood as sets of people with a common interest who share a space with its own information and collaboration tools. This space is managed and powered autonomously by the communities themselves. This paper analyzes the use and degree of implementation of the ECT, considering the user communities and activity statistics in 2009 and 2010. From the data obtained we deduce that instrumental services have easier acceptance than collaboration and knowledge management services; content generation is focused on a small number of users; and communities associated with organizational units have less development than those associated with work areas or projects.
Abstract
The Department of Health of the Government of Andalusia provides professionals of the Andalusian Public Health Care System a collaborative working environment (Entorno [...]
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Knowledge in the cloud, evolution of intranets
P. Lara-Navarra, D. Maniega-Legarda

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 71

Abstract
Current information systems evolve very rapidly, even appearing and disappearing imperceptibly, as new systems emerge without having been able to fully develop the previous ones. This paper provides a study of the concept of intranet in the area of information and documentation, describing its conceptual evolution, methods and main technical characteristics. We establish how from the beginning intranets have been based on web technology, and how today cloud computing allows new ways to understand them. Finally, two examples of intranet in hybrid and private cloud computing are shown.
Abstract
Current information systems evolve very rapidly, even appearing and disappearing imperceptibly, as new systems emerge without having been able to fully develop the previous [...]
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Quality assessment of Spanish scientific journals: analysis of their review processes
M. Coslado, I. Lacunza, G. Ros

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 70

Abstract
One of the basic duties of scientific journals is the evaluation of the papers that they publish. The most common practice is peer review, in which several experts determine the reliability of the ideas and results as well as the potential impact on science. Studying the documentation provided by the editors of Quality Assessment of Spanish Scientific Journals, 1st Edition, in 2008, we have analyzed some of the editorial practices in the evaluation process, such as external evaluation, instructions to referees, the existence of protocols to evaluate the articles and anonymity of those involved in the review. The significance of our work is that the evaluation process has been checked independently of what is stated in the journal. We have verified that there is a lack of standardization in the evaluation process, which is symptomatic of the need for deeper professionalization.
Abstract
One of the basic duties of scientific journals is the evaluation of the papers that they publish. The most common practice is peer review, in which several experts determine [...]
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eBooks: commercial availability and p2p networks
J. Cordón-García, R. Gómez-Díaz, J. Alonso-Arévalo

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 69

Abstract
Practices for free digital content downloads in the publishing industry are referred to as a problem by cultural and business leaders worldwide. The creation of systems to protect the files, the emergence of national and international agencies to monitor illegal downloads, and the publishing industry’s reluctance to abandon the paper and embrace the digital formats, provide the context for a practice that is little studied when it comes to books. The aim of this paper is to analyze the conditions under which it occurs in Spain, examining the legal provision of content, and the availability of works in p2p networks and blogs. The hypothesis is that in the book arena, the content downloads do not have the relevance and scale they possess in music or film, and that in large part they are motivated by the lack of a legal offering that is varied and up-to-date, and by deficiencies in the sales and distribution platforms. The presence of the bestselling books in major sales platforms and in different file sharing networks is analyzed.
Abstract
Practices for free digital content downloads in the publishing industry are referred to as a problem by cultural and business leaders worldwide. The creation of systems to [...]
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Presence of public archives in digital media
J. Pestano-Rodríguez, J. González-Antón, C. Rodríguez-Wangüemert

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 68

Abstract
Based on the existence of a social reality constructed by the media, we want to know which concepts, reviews and trends are on the media about public records, since the contents of the news shows us key characteristics of social knowledge about this public service. We selected the highest-rated media and we evaluated their information retrieval systems. This process led us to limit the scope to the digital version of high-circulation newspapers and narrow the search terms. We find that a positive treatment dominates most news about public archives, highlighting its role as a memory deposit that allows us to investigate the past, the public effort to preserve the service, and its role as reference point for cultural activities.
Abstract
Based on the existence of a social reality constructed by the media, we want to know which concepts, reviews and trends are on the media about public records, since the contents [...]
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Key factors for the future of Archival science
M. Martín-Pozuelo, M. Moro-Cabero, C. Sanz-Baena

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 67

Abstract
Key factors for the future of Archival science are identified and prioritized from the views of a small group of professionals and researchers, using the qualitative technique of consensus-building. The study has identified 70 factors distributed among five variables: the future of archives (26), of Archival science (10), of professionals (12), of relationships with technologies (10) and of society (12). The amount, scope and results invite us to continue the research in broader contexts as well as in larger groups of experts from different sectors.
Abstract
Key factors for the future of Archival science are identified and prioritized from the views of a small group of professionals and researchers, using the qualitative technique [...]
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The big issues related to document and record management: challenges and opportunities
C. Bustelo-Ruesta

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 66

Abstract
The electronic management of documents and records is facing major challenges: the integration of document processes and checks in routine work processes; risk analysis; techniques and controls needed to manage records and digital evidence controls (metadata, digital signature, authenticity, integrity, preservation); and access restrictions for citizenship or customers. Information professionals are invited to take an active role in resolving these complex problems.
Abstract
The electronic management of documents and records is facing major challenges: the integration of document processes and checks in routine work processes; risk analysis; techniques [...]
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Virtualization: a solution for efficiency, security and management of intranets
D. Martín, M. Marrero, J. Urbano, E. Barra, J. Moreiro-González

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 65

Abstract
Virtualization is a technology that permits the abstraction of the software from one computer and its easy deployment in another one, which may house additional virtualized machines. This mechanism allows us to host more than one virtual computer in just one actual computer. An intranet is made up of a set of computers running as servers that are underutilized for the most part. In this paper we want to show virtualization as a tool allowing us to have a more efficient intranet because it helps us reduce the number of computers in the net; more secure because it allows the creation of backup copies automatically; and easier to manage because we centralize all our services with a handful of servers. With all this, virtualization allows hardware, electricity and maintenance savings.
Abstract
Virtualization is a technology that permits the abstraction of the software from one computer and its easy deployment in another one, which may house additional virtualized [...]
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Collaborative public administration on the network
J. Graells-Costa

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 64

Abstract
The weighty structures of government are forced to evolve due to the ubiquity of social networks in all areas of society. Governments should lose their distrust of web 2.0 and assume the changes brought about by these new ways of communicating with the public and among officials. Social networks favour participation, transparency and innovation at all levels.
Abstract
The weighty structures of government are forced to evolve due to the ubiquity of social networks in all areas of society. Governments should lose their distrust of web 2.0 [...]
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The official gazette of the Generalitat de Catalunya: genesis of a digital newspaper
L. Orenga-Gaya, O. Giralt

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 63

Abstract
The entry into force of the Spanish act about digital access (Ley 11/2007, BOE n. 150, de 23/6/2007) has produced a decisive impact on the development of records management projects in organizations. The Entitat Autònoma del Diari Oficial i de Publicacions , the body that publishes Diari Oficial de la Generalitat de Catalunya (DOGC ) –the official journal of the Catalan government-, started its editing process adaptation to the electronic environment in 2009, based on Ley 2/2007 (DOGC, 5/6/2007), an act that defines the digital format as the only official format for DOGC. Two key projects in this process are presented: adoption and adaptation of EuroVoc thesaurus as an indexation tool, and the design of the new digital cycle of DOGC production and publication.
Abstract
The entry into force of the Spanish act about digital access (Ley 11/2007, BOE n. 150, de 23/6/2007) has produced a decisive impact on the development of records management [...]
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Electronic prescription and dispensation pharmaceutical system at the Health Valencian Agency, Spain
E. De-la-Poza-Plaza, I. Barrachina-Martínez, J. Trillo-Mata, R. Usó-Talamantes

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 62

Abstract
The electronic prescription and dispensation system is a breakthrough in the use of new technologies in the National Health System. It involves the improvement of processes of prescribing and dispensing pharmacotherapy and the coordination of health professionals. Also, for patients with long-term treatments, the system helps to reduce the frequency of primary care center visits and improves patient safety by reducing mistakes in prescriptions written by hand. The system requires the interconnection and functioning of many information systems to be integrated and work well together with the infrastructure of the data processing center that is responsible for distributing information to all healthcare centers. In this way, improvements of the electronic prescription system on healthcare will be analyzed (decrease of physician visits, reduction in medical errors, increase in therapeutic compliance by patients).
Abstract
The electronic prescription and dispensation system is a breakthrough in the use of new technologies in the National Health System. It involves the improvement of processes [...]
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e-Catalunya: virtual communities of practice to promote a more open and efficient public administration
M. Sancho, A. Cañabate, A. Botella, J. Casanovas, F. Sabaté

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 61

Abstract
e-Catalunya is an information system promoted by the Government of Catalonia to support Virtual Communities of Practice through a set of web 2.0 tools. It facilitates collaboration, knowledge sharing and the path towards a more open and efficient organization. The information system’s goals are reported in the context of both e-government and new working patterns under the Communities of Practice paradigm. Its functional and organizational characteristics as well as its architecture are also described. Finally, observed results and benefits as well as the lessons learned from five years of operation are explained.
Abstract
e-Catalunya is an information system promoted by the Government of Catalonia to support Virtual Communities of Practice through a set of web 2.0 tools. It facilitates collaboration, [...]
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Public administration information in the digital era: official publications
C. Rodríguez-Vela

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 60

Abstract
Governments produce, disseminate, preserve and reuse information in order to carry out the public services entrusted to them. They make use of the so-called official publications to disseminate information about public policies. We use the term publications in the sense that this word has attained in the digital era, that is, any digital resource online, including web pages from departments. The Spanish Administration provides two key elements of information about its publishing activity: the Catalogue of Publications of the General Administration of the State and the Guide to official publishers. The organizational developments for preserving and reuse the valuable and extensive information of the Spanish Public Sector are still pending, but the current regulatory gaps are in the process of being resolved.
Abstract
Governments produce, disseminate, preserve and reuse information in order to carry out the public services entrusted to them. They make use of the so-called official publications to [...]
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Archiving elections 2.0 at the speed of tweet
C. Llueca, G. Suades, N. Torres, R. De-la-Vega, D. Cócera

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 59

Abstract
Patrimoni Digital de Catalunya (Padicat) is the web archive created in 2005 by the Biblioteca de Catalunya (BC), with the aim of collecting, processing and providing permanent access to the digital heritage on internet for the people of Catalonia (Spain). Its collection policy is based on three pillars: exhaustive harvesting of the .cat domain, selective compilation of digital resources published by Catalan institutions and companies, and monographic capture of social events, such as electoral campaigns on the Internet. The article describes the actions taken to capture and preserve web pages for the most recent electoral contests, in order to show future generations the internet electoral campaigns of the early 21st century.
Abstract
Patrimoni Digital de Catalunya (Padicat) is the web archive created in 2005 by the Biblioteca de Catalunya (BC), with the aim of collecting, processing and providing permanent [...]
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Information management and the Basque Government’s Public Innovation Plan
I. Ortiz-Sánchez

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 58

Abstract
Public administrations must adapt to the current needs and demands of society, characterised by growing complexity, increasingly rapid change, and greater density of the interrelationships between individuals. The intensity of the necessary organisational changes brings us to define the concept of public innovation, to designate the application of ideas and new practices in the field of public management with the aim to generate social value. This article gives account of the Plan of Public Innovation of the Basque Government, which is now in force, and gives special attention to its relationship with the management of information, highlighting the aspects of the Plan that are more directly linked with this organisational function.
Abstract
Public administrations must adapt to the current needs and demands of society, characterised by growing complexity, increasingly rapid change, and greater density of the interrelationships [...]
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Open data? Yes, but in a sustainable way
M. Garriga-Portolà

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 57

Abstract
More and more people think that we are transforming the model of society, changing from an industrial to a knowledge model, where data and information are its raw material. In this context many open data initiatives are being developed by public administrations around the world in a short time period. The open data process is defined, the reasons to carry out it are explained, and some guidelines on how to do it in a very pragmatic and sustainable manner are given.
Abstract
More and more people think that we are transforming the model of society, changing from an industrial to a knowledge model, where data and information are its raw material. [...]
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Reuse of public sector information and open data in the Spanish and European context. Aporta Project
C. Marcos-Martín, S. Soriano-Maldonado

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 56

Abstract
The reuse of public sector information is an increasingly key element in the Open data and Open government strategies. The European authorities are promoting public information reuse policies as a pillar for the digital economy and for democratic transparency. In the same way, several public and private reuse initiatives in Spain have sprung up in recent years to maximize public information reuse benefits. In this sense, the Aporta Project, supported by the Spanish Ministry for Territorial Cooperation and Public Administration and the Ministry for Industry, Trade and Commerce, have been working since 2009 in promoting reuse in Spain. Regarding the challenges of the actual reuse policies it is important to point out that a Royal decree that develops the Spanish Reuse Law is being drafted with the aim to solve some indeterminate aspects of the present public information reuse law.
Abstract
The reuse of public sector information is an increasingly key element in the Open data and Open government strategies. The European authorities are promoting public information [...]
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Communication style standards in the corporate identity manuals of the Spanish Public Administration
M. Rodríguez-López

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 55

Abstract
Corporate identity manuals used by Spanish public administrations at the state, regional or local level set the standards for the respective corporate image that is displayed to the public. Corporate image is not a static concept, but evolves with society. Concepts such as logo, typography, format and print materials are defined, as well as the stationery for the three most common communications of administrative action: internal memo, inter-office document, and letter.
Abstract
Corporate identity manuals used by Spanish public administrations at the state, regional or local level set the standards for the respective corporate image that is displayed [...]
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The electronic ID card: its ecosystem and use in local e-Government
P. Prieto

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 54

Abstract
For local e-government to become a reality, all the elements of the ecosystem must be in place. We search for the elements which constitute the ecosystem, both from the citizen and from the city council point of view, with the electronic identity card (eID) as the core. In order to find out the main deficiencies in the system and to propose solutions, we need to quantify the present situation of each element: from city and county councils websites where eID is needed to use the services offered to the number of eID and compatible readers owned by citizens. According to the latest data, only 2% of the population owns an eID reader: this is the weakest element of our ecosystem.
Abstract
For local e-government to become a reality, all the elements of the ecosystem must be in place. We search for the elements which constitute the ecosystem, both from the citizen [...]
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“Information subsidies” and documentary functions of Spanish ministries online press rooms
J. Xifra

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 53

Abstract
The notion of “information subsidy” was introduced by US media researchers to refer to informational materials that an organization’s press officers place at the disposal of journalists covering an informational event. Based on this idea, this research examines the online pressrooms of Spanish ministries, as organizations of high media interest, to see how they optimize these online spaces for journalists to provide such information subsidies. The content offered as well as its architecture and usability, according to the effectiveness criteria identified by previous researchers, are analyzed.
Abstract
The notion of “information subsidy” was introduced by US media researchers to refer to informational materials that an organization’s press officers place at the disposal [...]
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Access to and reuse of public data: open data and open govern
A. Ferrer-Sapena, F. Peset, R. Aleixandre-Benavent

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 52

Abstract
Open government is a form of permanent open communication between the administration and citizens, based on transparency from the administration, working with civil society and business. We present one of the key points that are being used to achieve this objective of participation: the open data movement. In Europe, its origins lie in the issuance of Directive 2003/98/EC of the European Parliament and the Council on access to and reuse of public sector information. Open data projects described here provide access to government data according to the recommendations of the W3C . The structure and open format allows data to be reused to provide new services to citizens and businesses. Numerous projects and visualization applications have been developed that realize the potential of this movement. The situation in Spain is emerging and even in a short period of time many initiatives are maturing. This offers us the opportunity to ask what role information managers will take on in this new scenario.
Abstract
Open government is a form of permanent open communication between the administration and citizens, based on transparency from the administration, working with civil society [...]
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Local e-government benchmarking: limitations of comparative evaluation methods
J. Batlle-Montserrat, E. Abadal, J. Blat

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 51

Abstract
We present the need to evaluate and compare the development of e-government, and review benchmarking tools and practices. First we discuss the stages of e-government models that are currently in use and discuss the main characteristics and applications. The different e-government benchmarking approaches are analysed, pointing out that e-administration is the more benchmarked e-government area. A more in-depth analysis of the most relevant benchmarks is performed. Both analyses reveal several limitations of existing studies with respect to applicability to local administration. These include the scarcity of studies focused on this area, the extent of adoption of public services and the use of models of evolution of egovernment that do not reflect the new trends in the provision of services. Finally we point out improvements to be made in future benchmarking of electronic services to increase their applicability in the field of local administration.
Abstract
We present the need to evaluate and compare the development of e-government, and review benchmarking tools and practices. First we discuss the stages of e-government models [...]
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E-government: modernization or fossilization of the administration?
A. D'Alòs-Moner

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 50

Abstract
After a general introduction to concepts such as eGovernment, eDemocracy and eGovernance, a brief reflection on the situation of the Spanish public administration in relation to the internet is offered. The opportunities that information and communication technologies offer to carry out deep reforms in administrative procedures is discussed. If we do not seize these opportunities we risk “fossilizing” the administration, making only superficial changes that do not make the needed improvements in efficiency and the services to businesses and citizens.
Abstract
After a general introduction to concepts such as eGovernment, eDemocracy and eGovernance, a brief reflection on the situation of the Spanish public administration in relation [...]
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Analysis and recommendations on software for image archives
J. Navas-Millán, A. Ruiz-Rodríguez

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 49

Abstract
Using internet research to study the current market of programs related to image management, we searched for the best software solutions for the description, dissemination and promotion of a photographic archive. With the experience obtained from using and configuring these programs and with an evaluation using previously established requirements, a list of the most adaptable and versatile software having the added value of being capable of expansion has been elaborated. In addition, we have been able to contribute to establishing the criteria and recommendations to determine which of them are better for each type of archive, for a public or private institution, an agency, or a personal archive.
Abstract
Using internet research to study the current market of programs related to image management, we searched for the best software solutions for the description, dissemination [...]
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Groupware and social software: a framework proposal for analytical evaluation of free software tools
J. Tramullas, P. Garrido-Picazo, A. Sánchez-Casabón

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 48

Abstract
Groupware tools have been standard in the coordination of work in organizations. The development of social networks, has popularized the pattern of collaborative work. This paper aims, first, defining a model for analysis and use of groupware functionality. Second, using the proposed model to establish whether groupware tools are evolving by integrating social features into their performance.
Abstract
Groupware tools have been standard in the coordination of work in organizations. The development of social networks, has popularized the pattern of collaborative work. This [...]
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From extended opac to expanded library: at last a reality
A. Sellés-Carot, J. Serrano-Cobos

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 47

Abstract
The general idea behind the concept of extended opac or expanded library is to improve the opac to give it a few features that make him an internet portal like any other, in which users can interact with both bibliographic information and otherwise, with librarians and other users. Beyond discovery tools, there is the initiative eXtensible Catalog, aimed at promoting the full functionality of the opac extended, allowing a proper connection between the integrated management system library and content management system Drupal, which heralds a new set of web services based on inteoperability, metasearch aggregation of disparate information sources and catalogs, and the exploitation of the possibilities of web 2.0 and more there, of the Linked data.
Abstract
The general idea behind the concept of extended opac or expanded library is to improve the opac to give it a few features that make him an internet portal like any other, [...]
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Document management: the ups and downs
A. D'Alòs-Moner

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 46

Abstract
Based on experiencies in document and knowledge management, the article explains ten aspects that must be considered in order to carry out successfully a project on document management.
Abstract
Based on experiencies in document and knowledge management, the article explains ten aspects that must be considered in order to carry out successfully a project on document [...]
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Photography and public architecture in Argentina. A century in images
S. Castillo

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 45

Abstract
The Documentation and Information Center (CDI) of the Ministry of Economy and Public Finance (Argentina) develops information products and services related to economic, technical and legal issues, and the official architectonic heritage. The activities undertaken contribute to the creation of local knowledge, in a context of increasing global access. These activities involve integrated project design and implementation, and respond to or anticipate users’ demands with products that add value to collections. Here we showcase our experience in the treatment of blueprints and photographs referring to the construction of public buildings. Collected by the Center for Documentation and Research on Public Architecture (CeDIAP), these were used as raw materials to work on a specific task related to the construction and dissemination of the building’s history, within the framework of a wider project which undertakes the construction and dissemination of the ministry’s institutional memory.
Abstract
The Documentation and Information Center (CDI) of the Ministry of Economy and Public Finance (Argentina) develops information products and services related to economic, technical [...]
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Management and conservation of photographic documentation in the Third Sector: the experience in the Vicente Ferrer Foundation
J. Alonso-Fernández

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 44

Abstract
In the Third Sector photography is doubly important: because of the documentary character of photography and because of the social responsibility of NGOs when it comes to portraying the image of developing countries. The digital revolution increases production and consumption of visual documents and pixels burst into the photo archives, which makes it necessary to change equipments and consider new working models. The working procedures of a photo archive of the Third Sector are developed from the perspective of the experience in the Vicente Ferrer Foundation. Digital image management in a communication department of an NGO for Development (NGDO) is explained.
Abstract
In the Third Sector photography is doubly important: because of the documentary character of photography and because of the social responsibility of NGOs when it comes to [...]
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Image retrieval and visualization systems in stock photography agencies
L. Perdices-Castillo, A. Perianes-Rodríguez

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 43

Abstract
The advent of the internet, the impact of digital photography and the ability to scan large volumes of images has revolutionized the stock photography agencies. The transformation from analogue to digital photography has involved a substantial change in daily work processes, providing a large number of images online. The present work will reveal the profile and the basic features that any stock photography agency must offer on issues such as image retrieval, on-screen visualization, and storage for many diverse editorial activities.
Abstract
The advent of the internet, the impact of digital photography and the ability to scan large volumes of images has revolutionized the stock photography agencies. The transformation [...]
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Photographic heritage and web 2.0: Flickr The Commons experience
P. Freixa-Font

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 42

Abstract
In last years, many archives, libraries and museums are exploring, participating in, or simply using resources that social networks offer on the internet. The so-called web 2.0 has enabled a new context for these institutions to present their collections and activities to new users. The social networks have also allowed the exploration of new strategies for dissemination and communication. Flickr: The Commons project, jointly developed by the Library of Congress and Flickr ’s photosharing and hosting platform, offers an attractive perspective for many of these institutions to enlarge the possibilities of indexing and of online communities research. This article presents the characteristics of the project, the strategies outlined by each participating institution and an evaluation of the results.
Abstract
In last years, many archives, libraries and museums are exploring, participating in, or simply using resources that social networks offer on the internet. The so-called web [...]
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Image databanks in encyclopedia context: the case of Wikimedia Commons
T. Saorín, J. Pastor-Sánchez

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 41

Abstract
This paper presents the characteristics and functionalities of the Wikimedia Commons image databank shared by all Wikipedia projects. The process of finding images and ilustrating Wikipedia articles is also explained, along with how to add images to the bank. The role of cultural institutions in promoting free and open cultural heritage content is highlighted.
Abstract
This paper presents the characteristics and functionalities of the Wikimedia Commons image databank shared by all Wikipedia projects. The process of finding images and ilustrating [...]
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Understanding the stock photography sector
L. Codina

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 40

Abstract
Characterization of the stock photography sector in the context of the information ecosystem. Its main features are described in relation to three key axes of dichotomy: contracted vs. stock photography; the editorial vs creative sector; and copyright- protected vs. royalty-free licenses. Finally, a brief review of open repositories and Creative Commons licensed images is offered.
Abstract
Characterization of the stock photography sector in the context of the information ecosystem. Its main features are described in relation to three key axes of dichotomy: contracted [...]
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Archiving in the cloud: rules for the creation of contemporary records. Part I: Technologial indicators
A. Delgado-Gómez

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 39

Abstract
Based on our assertion that current record preservation systems are not feasible in the long term for reasons of scale and cost, we explore the current technological environment where records are created, paying special attention to phenomena such as distributed systems, cloud computing and web 2.0. In two future articles 1) we will explore the social environment where this creation is performed, with special attention to the lack of interest in memory and accountability, and 2) we will suggest a potential scenario for recordkeeping that archivists will have to address at the short term.
Abstract
Based on our assertion that current record preservation systems are not feasible in the long term for reasons of scale and cost, we explore the current technological environment [...]
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Communication strategies in public administration through print advertising
J. Bermejo-Berros

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 38

Abstract
We present the results of research that has revealed informative-persuasive strategies of current Spanish commercial and institutional display advertising. The study selected 232 periodicals for analysis, which included 7,704 advertisements. Differences were identified between the strategies used in commercial advertising and those used in government communications with citizens.
Abstract
We present the results of research that has revealed informative-persuasive strategies of current Spanish commercial and institutional display advertising. The study selected [...]
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Photographic documentation in newspapers. Cases of El país, El periódico and La vanguardia
J. Guallar

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 37

Abstract
The role of photography in printed and digital newspapers is presented. Secondly, the documentary treatment of the photographs by newspaper libraries are described and analyzed, based on the study of the Spanish newspapers El país, El periódico and La vanguardia.
Abstract
The role of photography in printed and digital newspapers is presented. Secondly, the documentary treatment of the photographs by newspaper libraries are described and analyzed, [...]
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Use of photographs from Spanish stock photography banks in advertising
J. Marcos-Recio, J. Sánchez-Vigil, M. Olivera-Zaldua

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 36

Abstract
Agencies and image banks offer millions of photographs for use in advertising and publishing. During the last decade the sector has undergone a radical change due to the digital impact and the globalization of the business. Structures have been refurbished, major investments in digitization have been made and at the same time, new marketing models have been adopted. This study reviews the use of photographs from the commercial stock photography banks in advertising in Spain. Seven agencies of different size and objectives have been chosen as a reference.
Abstract
Agencies and image banks offer millions of photographs for use in advertising and publishing. During the last decade the sector has undergone a radical change due to the digital [...]
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Photographic heritage of Catalonia on the Net
L. Foix

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 35

Abstract
The photographic heritage of Catalonia is analysed, first specifying which photographs to include in this study and then describing the problems of quantifying this heritage. The online presence of this photographic heritage is assessed on the basis of the 26 Catalan institutions that manage photography archives and either make photographs available on the network or have started digitization projects that now include at least 5,000 digitized images. Of these 26 entities, 15 offer Internet access to their collection of photographs, with a total of more than 250,000 photographs available. The study details the total size of each collection, number of digitized images, and how many of these images are available online. The difference between digitized images and images available online is explained by the difficulties encountered in digitizing, cataloguing, and publishing the images online with the appropriate software and managing copyright issues related to the photographs.
Abstract
The photographic heritage of Catalonia is analysed, first specifying which photographs to include in this study and then describing the problems of quantifying this heritage. [...]
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Photographic patrimony of the Spanish public institutions: models for the use and reproduction of the documents
J. Sánchez-Vigil

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 34

Abstract
Spanish public institutions have carried out an extraordinary task over the last two decades to recover, manage and promote their photographic patrimony. These actions have been conducted according to diverse criteria and different protocols for action have been adopted. Several of these aspects are studied and, in particular, the models for the use and reproduction of documents. In addition, a series of proposals for action are made and opened for debate.
Abstract
Spanish public institutions have carried out an extraordinary task over the last two decades to recover, manage and promote their photographic patrimony. These actions have [...]
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In search of lost time
L. Fontanella

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (4), 33

Abstract
Personal impressions of working in photographic archives are presented here from the viewpoint of the researcher in photography, specifically one who has used these stores of material in several countries. The writer’s many years of experience permits an assessment of the evolution undergone by institutions that house these materials. After noting the beginnings of studies in photographic history and the first periodical publications in this area, the analysis focuses on how materials are organized from the user’s point of view. The early definition of photographic archives rested in organizations’ interest in constructing their own histories, and therefore the archives were organized by local topics or sites. Photography was considered as auxiliary to history. On the other hand, the historian of photography has other needs in the study of photography from an artistic, biographic, or technical angle. Some of the world’s great museum-quality collections are treated in this way -less subjectively- and several cases are described in which the author participated in their assessment and organization based on photographers, facts, or contexts that fell under the heading “Spain”, although not always involving works by Spaniards, strictly speaking. The author also describes the experience of consulting photographic archives prior to and in the early years of democracy in Spain; later on, a surge of concern emerged in Spain for both public and private photographic collections. Finally, technical considerations such as the access to, treatment and conservation of archives are touched upon from the viewpoint of firsthand experience with institutional archives.
Abstract
Personal impressions of working in photographic archives are presented here from the viewpoint of the researcher in photography, specifically one who has used these stores [...]
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MIAR: A collaborative environment of editors, authors and journal reviewers
J. Rodríguez-Gairín, M. Somoza-Fernández, C. Urbano

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (5), 32

Abstract
The evolution of the MIAR project (Matriu d’Informació per l’Avaluació de Revistes ) –Journal evaluation information matrix– is described. Originally MIAR was designed to quantify the indexing of humanities and social sciences journals in bibliographic data bases. Given the present availability of various journal evaluation systems in Spain, MIAR could evolve into a collaborative portal where stakeholders can share the main features of the journals in which they participate directly or indirectly. The project would use social networks, voting and commenting systems, and technologies like open linked data, thus enabling a greater dissemination and socialization of the data collected for each publication. In this way data could be better used by the three most directly concerned groups: referees, publishers and authors/readers.
Abstract
The evolution of the MIAR project (Matriu d’Informació per l’Avaluació de Revistes ) –Journal evaluation information matrix– is described. Originally MIAR was [...]
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Devuélveme la voz. The University of Alicante’s project to recover Radio Paris broadcasts aired during the Franco regime.
F. Rojas-Claros, E. García-Rico, A. Vallés-Botella, J. García-Avilés

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (5), 31

Abstract
Documentary collections held by the communications media have become a source of essential information for research. Scholars of contemporary history have found in them both the official information and the opinion of government opponents that allows them to compare, refine and supplement their research. Some collections exist in media formats that are now difficult to reproduce, as in this project at the University of Alicante . Radio broadcasts preserved on open-reel tapes require technology that has already disappeared, and the reproduction of the original source involves progressive destruction. Therefore, digitization of this content and a technical approach that will allow open access constitute a high-value initiative for researchers.
Abstract
Documentary collections held by the communications media have become a source of essential information for research. Scholars of contemporary history have found in them both [...]
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Inspec, an essential database for physics and engineering
C. Martínez

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (5), 30

Abstract
The Inspec database contains more than 12 million bibliographic records on physics, electronics, computer science and engineering. Combining tradition, quality and thoroughness it is unmatched in its topic area in the current information market. From a strictly documentary point of view, Inspec is considered as one of the best-designed systems for its balanced and effective indexing, based on its well known classification and thesaurus. A brief description of its contents, value-added fields and new developments is presented.
Abstract
The Inspec database contains more than 12 million bibliographic records on physics, electronics, computer science and engineering. Combining tradition, quality and thoroughness [...]
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Efficient management of electronic mail: a corporate case study
A. Sainz-Aloy, C. Soy-Aumatell

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (5), 29

Abstract
Information overload, and more specifically the overload and associated activity due to the large amount of email received and issued in our organizations, affects business productivity, efficiency, creativity and innovation. This article presents a practical experience of improved email management based on the development of guidelines and tools addressed to creating less mail and more quality, and managing personal and departmental inboxes more efficiently. The project’s goals, its implementation through workshops, and the main results achieved are reviewed.
Abstract
Information overload, and more specifically the overload and associated activity due to the large amount of email received and issued in our organizations, affects business [...]
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Towards a new paradigm in librarianship? The new digital order
C. Varela-Orol

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (5), 28

Abstract
The library models emerging in a framework of digital information and communication technologies are analyzed, taking into account the changes that leaded to the current library paradigm. The models are seen as an adaptation of the libraries to a society based on an intensive use of the ICTs and the economic order that supports it. The article focuses on the new alliances among libraries (joint-use libraries), and also with other services (information commons) and institutions like archives and museums (LAM).
Abstract
The library models emerging in a framework of digital information and communication technologies are analyzed, taking into account the changes that leaded to the current library [...]
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Ontologies and thesauri in information systems
L. Codina, R. Pedraza-Jiménez

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (5), 27

Abstract
Since the (re)appearance of ontologies in the late nineties, there is a debate about the relationship between thesauri and ontologies. This article presents a synthesis of this debate, focusing on the use of these tools in the information systems area, which is the best one to compare both technologies, utilizing the concept of document description semantics.
Abstract
Since the (re)appearance of ontologies in the late nineties, there is a debate about the relationship between thesauri and ontologies. This article presents a synthesis of [...]
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Infosociability: Monitoring and research on the web 2.0 for decision making
M. Del-Fresno-García

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (5), 26

Abstract
This methodology offers an approach to studying the information available within Web 2.0 Media and User-Generated Content (MUGC). The large-scale generation of online information is the result of collective social action based on information: infosociability. Competitive Intelligence (CI) aims to monitor and research a company’s web 2.0 environment for information relevant to its decision-making process. Facing the possibilities and limitations that today’s technology offers for processing the communication of meanings and abstract ideas in text format, a methodology derived from empirical research on web 2.0 is proposed. Monitoring and research are identified as the two key processes that generate insights aimed to facilitate decision-making. The relevance of each stage is illustrated with reference to the diverse methodological challenges encountered while extracting and analyzing large amounts of online information.
Abstract
This methodology offers an approach to studying the information available within Web 2.0 Media and User-Generated Content (MUGC). The large-scale generation of online information [...]
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Umap, collective intelligence extracted from social networks
E. Astigarraga, J. Azpillaga, L. Fernández, A. Naberan

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (5), 25

Abstract
The Umap project is a practical attempt to obtain collective intelligence from the flow of social networks: links that users share are analyzed, filtered and rated, making it feasible to convert collective intelligence into structured information. For example, information, comments and links that are shared by users belonging to a certain community –e. g., linguistic, social, thematic, organizational- are analyzed in real time to obtain trends at specified intervals (e. g., hourly, daily, weekly...). By means of simplicity search algorithms, the information flow becomes an automated news bulletin with its own value but to which opinions and the relevance that users of social networks give them are added. Umap opens the way for future applications centred in the extraction of information and collective intelligence from communities that share social, political, economical, trading, business, products, brand, technological and other interests through social networks. The first applications of the Umap project developed by CodeSyntax are already available at http://www.umap.eu
Abstract
The Umap project is a practical attempt to obtain collective intelligence from the flow of social networks: links that users share are analyzed, filtered and rated, making [...]
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Technology watch sector studies for the business and research community of Andalusia
B. Jürgens, V. Herrero-Solana

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (5), 24

Abstract
The Technology watch sector studies published by the Agency for Innovation and Development of Andalusia in coopera tion with SCImago research group are aimed to provide the business and research community of the Spanish autonomous region of Andalusia with the states of the art of particular sectors. These reports are produced by analyzing scientific and technological information on a regional, national, and international level. The methodology behind the elaboration of these studies is presented, discussing its structure and the type of information analyzed.
Abstract
The Technology watch sector studies published by the Agency for Innovation and Development of Andalusia in coopera tion with SCImago research group are aimed to provide the [...]
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Social networks that support competitive intelligence. Proposal of a synthetic index.
P. González-Gálvez, C. Reyes-Martín, V. Cavaller-Reyes

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (5), 23

Abstract
We present the theoretical and methodological basis of a model that offers the managers information about their own social networks. We analyzed the nursing directors social networks of hospitals belonging to the Network of Hospitals for Public Use (XHUP ) of Catalonia, Spain, and studied the information retrieved from these networks. The proposed model is applied to make a comparative analysis of managers surveyed, in order to improve strategies and to enhance outcomes of competitive intelligence projects.
Abstract
We present the theoretical and methodological basis of a model that offers the managers information about their own social networks. We analyzed the nursing directors social [...]
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Implementation of a model of human capital management in a research group
F. Vásquez-Rizo, J. Gabalán-Coello

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (5), 22

Abstract
The implementation of a model of human capital management in a research group in Colombia is presented, with the intention of addressing some existing shortcomings associated with the group’s composition and structure. The model is based on five phases of development related to knowledge management. Disadvantages resulting from erroneous allocation of roles, poor distribution of tasks, lack of fundamental skills and shortage of relevant value practices, among others, are described. Solutions that counteract these conflicts, which hinder the group’s development and diminish its chances of successful performance, are proposed.
Abstract
The implementation of a model of human capital management in a research group in Colombia is presented, with the intention of addressing some existing shortcomings associated [...]
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Mobilised opinion recovery and analysis for social climate research
N. Sagarminaga-Gutiérrez, A. Canals-Parera

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (5), 21

Abstract
Mobilised opinion and social media have become a valuable source of information for organisations and individuals in operational and strategic decision making processes, such as marketing campaigns, product monitoring and development, search for new markets or the improvement of customer relations. The emergence of social media monitoring companies has brought a new job market for information professionals, to the extent that this information has to be collected and processed, and new automated monitoring systems have to be developed. This article outlines a process of recovery and treatment of mobilised opinion on the internet as a source for social climate analysis by organisations. The specific characteristics and problems of this type of opinion are highlighted, which points to the need for the participation of human agents in the development of the process.
Abstract
Mobilised opinion and social media have become a valuable source of information for organisations and individuals in operational and strategic decision making processes, such [...]
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Emerging applications of competitive intelligence in the universities
M. García-Alsina, E. Ortoll, A. López-Borrull

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (5), 20

Abstract
Different authors have pointed out the importance of applying competitive intelligence (CI) to non-business sectors (public administration, universities, non-governmental organizations, etc.). Besides, universities increasingly apply management tools and techniques coming from the business field. On the other hand, in recent years universities have perceived an environmental pressure as a consequence of a) their implication in regional development where they are located, and b) their need to reform their program offerings according to the needs of society and the requirements of the labour market, as well as a result of the process of adapting their degrees to the European Higher Education Area (Bologna process). This paper describes and characterises CI practices in the universities and analyses the CI contribution to the design of degree courses. The research is based on qualitative methods, and data were collected through interviews. Results suggest that the use of CI in universities is mainly reactive, and addressed only to organisational tactics.
Abstract
Different authors have pointed out the importance of applying competitive intelligence (CI) to non-business sectors (public administration, universities, non-governmental [...]
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Technology watch in the metal industrial SMEs: knowledge, application and assessment
D. Pérez-González, E. Placer-Maruri

El profesional de la información (2011). Vol. 20, (5), 19

Abstract
The complexity of the economic and technological environment requires companies to improve their competitiveness through innovation. In this context technology watch (TW), a systematic process that supports innovation, becomes an essential tool. In the literature, interest in TW has evolved from the definition of the concept, implications and resources to its practical development, focused on case studies in large organizations. However, there is a lack of works that analyze its use and results in SMEs. Thus, we examine the degree of knowledge and application of TW, how processes are developed and what are its benefits in 83 metal industry SMEs.
Abstract
The complexity of the economic and technological environment requires companies to improve their competitiveness through innovation. In this context technology watch (TW), [...]
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