COLLECTIONS

JOURNALS

Documents published in Scipedia

• Evaluation of conventional behavior of bitumen containing PET plastic and HMA pavement response utilizing 3D-Move analysis software

  N. Tessera, E. Quezon

  Journal (2025). Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Project Management (JSCMPM)

  
  

  Abstract

  A well-developed road network provides good services for road consumers. Most roads in the world are paved with flexible materials. Bitumen has viscous-elastic properties and is very sensitive to temperature. It plays a vital role in producing hot mix asphalt and influences the performance of HMA pavement. Flexible pavements are associated with extreme temperatures, which can cause rutting and fatigue cracking. Pavement distress shortens service life and increases maintenance costs. This research focused on improving pavement resistance to distress by modifying bitumen's conventional properties with alternative materials, such as shredded PET plastic. In this study, two stages were applied. The first stage was collecting samples, and the second stage determined the conventional properties of bitumen by adding 3%, 6%, and 9% of shredded PET plastic to the bitumen. Penetration, ductility, and softening point tests were performed to analyze the conventional behavior of bitumen. Finally, top-down and bottom-up cracks are used to evaluate rutting damage, with 3D-Move analysis software that accounts for moving vehicles under various loads and speeds. From the conventional bitumen test, adding 3% PET plastic to the bitumen has no significant effect on penetration grade, Ductility, or softening point. However, when 6% and 9% PET by weight of bitumen mixed, the penetration grade, ductility, and softening result become 49.3mm, 45.5mm, 97mm, 85mm, and 57mm and 62oC, respectively compared with the penetration grade, ductility, and softening point value of unmodified bitumen (66.5mm, 142cm, and 48.9oC). Besides, the 3D-Move Analysis software results show that asphalt binders with higher PET plastic content best resist rutting, top-down cracking, and bottom cracks.

  Abstract
  A well-developed road network provides good services for road consumers. Most roads in the world are paved with flexible materials. Bitumen has viscous-elastic properties [...]

  • 17
  •  read

• Level of Compliance of School Buildings on DepEd Order No. 6, S. 2021: A Basis for Policy Formulation

  M. Aguinaldo(1), L. Suanson(2), J. Estorel(3), R. Estiller(2*)

  JSC Matls. Proj. Mangt. (2025). Vol. 1, (Issue-2, December), 12

  
  

  Abstract

  In developing educational infrastructure, adherence to regulatory standards is vital to ensuring safe, conducive learning environments. This study evaluated the compliance of public-school buildings in the DepEd Division of Tuguegarao with DepEd Order No. 6, s. 2021. Using both quantitative and qualitative approaches, researchers conducted actual observations with a structured tool patterned after the DepEd Order. They surveyed school physical facilities coordinators and school heads to measure awareness levels. Findings revealed varied levels of compliance across five building groups. Groups 1 and 3 recorded weighted means of 1.54 and 1.65, respectively, indicating non-compliance, whereas Groups 2 and 4 showed partial compliance, with weighted means of 1.68 and 1.83, respectively. Group 5 achieved better compliance with a mean of 2.57. Meanwhile, awareness levels among coordinators and school heads were high, ranging from 2.63 to 2.97. Interestingly, the study found significant negative correlations between compliance and awareness for non-donated buildings, particularly in stairways (-0.72871) and corridor railings (-0.68859). For donated buildings, however, little to no significant correlations were observed in classroom size, architectural features, plumbing, and structural components. Overall, the study highlights critical areas of non-compliance and the need for targeted improvements in school infrastructure.

  Abstract
  In developing educational infrastructure, adherence to regulatory standards is vital to ensuring safe, conducive learning environments. This study evaluated the compliance [...]

  • 37
  •  read

• Total Quality Management and Organizational Performance in Tuguegarao City’s Construction Industry

  K. Ballesteros(1), G. Rosario(2), D. Siriban(3), J. Casibang(4*)

  JSC Matls. Proj. Mangt. (2025). Vol. 1, (Issue-2, December), 11

  
  

  Abstract

  In 2024, Tuguegarao City recorded its lowest economic growth. Recognizing the construction industry’s vital role in driving development, this study explored the influence of Total Quality Management (TQM) on the organizational performance of local construction companies. Data were collected through a standardized survey administered to 20 respondents. Most participating companies had been in operation for 5 to 10 years and held small to medium-sized Inter-Agency Committee licenses. Findings revealed a strong positive relationship between TQM practices and organizational performance, with Organizational Culture and Top Management Commitment and Leadership emerging as the most influential predictors. Multiple regression analysis showed that TQM practices accounted for 84.50% of the variance in performance. The study concludes that prioritizing these key TQM dimensions is crucial for enhancing performance and proposes a framework to facilitate the effective implementation of TQM in construction companies.

  Abstract
  In 2024, Tuguegarao City recorded its lowest economic growth. Recognizing the construction industry’s vital role in driving development, this study explored the influence [...]

  • 10
  •  read

• Effect of Silt and Clay Contents in Natural Sand on the Compressive and Flexural Strengths of Standard Grade Concrete

  J. Alipio(1), S. Anciado(2), K. Matalang(3), E. QUEZON(4*)

  JSC Matls. Proj. Mangt. (2025). Vol. 1, (Issue-2, December), 10

  
  

  Abstract

  Natural river sand is often contaminated with varying quantities of silt, clay, and other organic impurities that adversely affect the quality of concrete. This research investigates the effects of silt and clay content on the compressive and flexural strengths of standard grade concrete. Sand samples were purposively collected from three locations, Site A, B, and C, while a control sample with slight impurities was obtained from Site D. Concrete cubes and beams using the same cement, coarse aggregate, and water ratios were tested at 14 and 28 days. The control sample obtained a compressive strength of 24.89 MPa, while the samples with 3, 4, 5, and 6 silt and clay attained 21.63, 17.18, 17.07, and 13.61 MPa, respectively. Flexural strengths follow a similar pattern, with only the control sample satisfying the minimum standard requirements. Results showed that increasing the silt and clay content decreases the compressive and flexural strengths. Hence, proper testing and washing to remove contaminated fine aggregates is strongly recommended prior to use in construction.

  Abstract
  Natural river sand is often contaminated with varying quantities of silt, clay, and other organic impurities that adversely affect the quality of concrete. This research investigates [...]

  • 4
  •  read

• Evaluation of the Mechanical performance of HMA containing PET plastic and CHA as a filler material

  N. Tessera(1), E. Quezon(2*), T. Bezabih(3)

  JSC Matls. Proj. Mangt. (2025). Vol. 1, (Issue-2, December), 5

  
  

  Abstract

  In road construction, various materials are used in the production of hot mix asphalt (HMA). Among them, bitumen and filler materials play a major role in the mechanical behavior of HMA. Bitumen properties and filler material govern HMA pavement performance. HMA pavements are associated with extremely high-temperature and high-traffic volume conditions, which can cause rutting, fatigue cracking, and permanent deformation. Pavement distress shortens service life and increases maintenance costs. This research focused on enhancing pavement resistance to distress by modifying the properties of bitumen with Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic and utilizing alternative fillers, such as coffee husk ash (CHA). In this study, two phases were used. The first phase involved collecting samples, and the second phase consisted of three sub-phases. To design a material quality test, the first step was to develop a Marshal mix design and three types of mixtures: a mixture of normal HMA with SD filler, a mixture of normal HMA with CHA filler, and a combination of CHA filler and 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% PET plastic. Marshal mix was used to analyze the marshal and volumetric properties of HMA pavement. According to the Marshall test, the CHA filler exhibits better performance than the SD filler in HMA mixtures. At 6.8% optimum PET plastic higher stability (15.9KN) and density value (2.268g/cm3) and lower flow (2.96mm), VMA (14.83%), and VFA value (73.01%) as compared with unmodified bitumen of 14.30KN, 3.5mm, 2.256g/cm3, 15.62%, and 75.06% value respectively at 4% air void provided. Therefore, the evaluation showed that the HMA containing a combination of 6.8% PET plastic and 3.2% CHS filler shows better mechanical performance in terms of Marshall stability and the volumetric properties of HMA.

  Abstract
  In road construction, various materials are used in the production of hot mix asphalt (HMA). Among them, bitumen and filler materials play a major role in the mechanical behavior [...]

  • 7
  •  read

• Influence of Recycled Polyisobutylene and Ceramic Powder on the Mechanical Performance of Asphalt Binder at High Temperature

  S. TEMESGEN(1), E. Quezon(2*), G. Garedew(3), A. Feyissa(4)

  JSC Matls. Proj. Mangt. (2025). Vol. 1, (Issue-2, December), 3

  
  

  Abstract

  The application of industrial wastes, particularly polyisobutylene and ceramic powder, to asphalt has not been investigated. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the influence of these waste materials on the physical and rheological properties of bitumen using both conventional and Superpave tests. In this investigation, a polyisobutylene-ceramic powder was used as a modifier for bitumen with a penetration grade of 60/70 at concentrations of 0.0%, 0.7%, 1.4%, and 2.1% by weight. The results indicated that increasing the modifier content led to a significant drop in penetration and a decrease in asphalt ductility. Additionally, the softening point increased as the modifier content also increased. Furthermore, as the modifier concentration increases, the asphalt binder's stiffness increases at high temperatures, while the complex modulus master curve shows a low-frequency response. Similarly, a performance-based asphalt grading system demonstrated that modified bitumen at 0.7% and 1.4% enhanced the PG grades to 64°C and 70°C, respectively. As a result, this represents the increased resistance of modifiers to permanent pavement deformation.

  Abstract
  The application of industrial wastes, particularly polyisobutylene and ceramic powder, to asphalt has not been investigated. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the [...]

  • 39
  •  read

• Modeling Public Transport Users’ Trip Production in Hawassa City, Ethiopia

  G. Gebre, E. Quezon

  Emer Tucay Quezon's personal collection (2021). 57

  
  

  Abstract

  Today, overcrowded public transport demand, resulting in huge costs in an urban area. Similarly, there are a lot of people who use public transport in Hawassa city. This study aimed to develop public transport users' trip production models at the household level. Some socio-economic characteristics and trip detail of the public transport users were collected randomly from the different households through a questionnaire survey. The data gathered was fed into IBM SPSS package version 20 to develop linear regression models. The developed models are associated with trips for purpose and time intervals of trips made. The developed linear regression models, general trips, work trips, educational trips, and trips made before 8:00 AM and after 4:00 PM had good explanatory power. The value of explanatory power comprised of 0.656, 0.722, 0.549, 0.610 and 0.510. These values indicated the explanation power of the socio-economic characteristics on the trips made. It means the daily trips production was significantly affected by the number of working individuals, the different age brackets, cars and motorcycles, and the monthly income per household. The most frequent public transport users’ trips production regarding the trip purpose and time are work trips and occurred after 4:00 PM. This scenario represented a good model developed in this study. Hence, it is suggested that Hawassa city’s traffic management office use the developed models to predict the future trips demand to provide a proper scheme to avoid congestion during the peak hour of the day.

  Abstract
  Today, overcrowded public transport demand, resulting in huge costs in an urban area. Similarly, there are a lot of people who use public transport in Hawassa city. This study [...]

  • 13
  •  read

• Factors Affecting Supervision Practice of Public Building Construction Projects in Dire Dawa Administration

  A. Getu, E. Quezon, T. Genie

  Emer Tucay Quezon's personal collection (2021). 56

  
  

  Abstract

  Proper completion of a public building construction project is dependent on the effectiveness of the construction supervision. However, it has become increasingly difficult to finish construction projects within the specified time, budget, and quality standards due to poor supervision practices. Approaches such as quantitative and qualitative research and descriptive research types were used in this study. Questionnaires survey were issued to 104 respondents, with 11 representing clients, 22 representing consultants, and 71 representing contractors. There were 33 factors identified, which were then divided into seven groups for further analysis. It was discovered that the top-ranked factors that influence construction supervision practice are: supervisors' lack of skills and experience, incompleteness and consistency in the design, lack of appropriate decision making, location of the project, material and equipment costs, a lack of construction materials supply, and effect of weather conditions. The Relative Importance Index was calculated to determine whether or not the parties agreed on the factors and ranked them according to their importance. Most respondents suggested that supervisors should receive proper training, and comprehensive and detailed drawings should be provided on time. In addition, it was discovered that the top three essential group elements affecting supervision practice of the public building project are supervisory, design, and management-related aspects.

  Abstract
  Proper completion of a public building construction project is dependent on the effectiveness of the construction supervision. However, it has become increasingly difficult [...]

  • 15
  •  read

• Material Cost Optimization and Quality Control Improvement of Building Construction

  S. Tesema, W. Ararsa, J. Chimdi, E. Quezon

  Xi'an Dianzi Keji Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Xidian University (2021). Sori Tesema, Woyesa Ararsa, Jifara Chimdi and Emer T. Quezon. Material Cost Optimization and Quality Control Improvement of Building Construction. Xi'an Dianzi Keji Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Xidian University. VOLUME 15, ISSUE 8, 2021, 520- 541

  
  

  Abstract

  A building construction project cannot be completed successfully by only planning and scheduling. Project controlling that consists of project monitoring and updating, is the other critical stage. Construction materials cost and quality are becoming a severe problem in Ethiopia, especially in Ambo Town, where little consideration is given. The study tried to evaluate different factors affecting the materials cost and quality on building construction site, rank significant factors that are prevalently affecting the cost and quality of materials used for building projects from the point of view of the respondents, and established a model to optimize materials cost and materials quality using multilinear regression method to come up with the model best fit. Purposive sampling was used, and 180 questionnaires were administered to building construction firms to analyze Material cost Optimization and quality control ImprovementCase Study of Ambo Town. To achieve this, a questionnaire survey containing factors affecting Building construction material cost and quality, which were identified by literature and Interview, was analyzed by using the Relative Importance Index, Pearson's correlation, and Multilinear regression model. Variables are statistically significant at 95% confidence level is assessed that all of the independent variables are positively related to Building Construction material cost and quality. The RII results showed that Material Wastage minimization (RII = 0.908), Proper workmanship (RII= 0.859), Sufficient Training of workers/staff (RII = 0.876), Proper forecasting of materials price in the market (RII = 0.850), Using suitable, safe and secure storage (RII = 0.886), Quality checking for each delivery of the aggregates to the site (RII = 0.889), Cutting of materials ( glass, tiles, plywood) (RII = 0.870) and Design changes (RII = 0.770) were ranked as the most significant among factors affecting building construction materials. Also, two Multiple linear regression models were established for both dependent variables (material cost and material quality). The analysis results showed all independent variables were significant and had a strong positive relationship with dependent variables. The values of R2 for the developed equations indicated 0.771 for material cost and 0.777 for material quality. Hence, the basic recommendations such as planning and monitoring construction activities and inspection and verification of materials were anticipated to be exercised by key role players of the construction industry.

  Abstract
  A building construction project cannot be completed successfully by only planning and scheduling. Project controlling that consists of project monitoring and updating, is [...]

  • 15
  •  read

• Assessment on Materials Quality Control Implementation of Building Construction Projects and Workmanship: A Case Study of Ambo University

  E. Quezon

  Xi'an Dianzi Keji Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Xidian University (2021).

  
  

  Abstract

  Quality of material issues have been a significant source of concern since the dawn of recorded history. Building materials are essential and should be performed according to standard specifications because they cover around 60% of the project cost. Prior to project construction, specific codes, standards, and specifications should be available. Using all required materials does not guarantee a sound building appearance or function. Even with suitable materials, workmanship, and supervision, unexpected output can affect a building. Quality workmanship is a comprehensive approach to bolstering building durability, serviceability, and safety. The study evaluated Ambo University's building construction materials and quality. Convenience and quota sampling techniques were collected from all contractors and consultants involved in building construction via questionnaires and interviews. A comprehensive literature review identified 15 major factors affecting building construction materials quality and workmanship, and respondents ranked them in the order of importance. Defects in existing buildings and ongoing projects had observed due to non-compliance with construction materials and workmanship based on specifications and standards. The results indicated that Ambo University building has no defect-free structure, including the degree and type of defects vary. A 94% of the studied buildings had moisture leakage, plastering defects, paint peeling, and cracks. Hence, the consultants and Ambo University project representatives should adhere with the standard specifications, and must exercise their profession according to the ethical code of conduct. All of these, it will play a vital role in the success of construction projects.

  Abstract
  Quality of material issues have been a significant source of concern since the dawn of recorded history. Building materials are essential and should be performed according [...]

  • 5
  •  read