Abstract

Compared with medium-sized cities, megacities play an increasingly important role in the rapid urbanization process in China. Owing to the expanding scale of large cities, urban sprawl leads to unsustainable practices that cause ecological, social, and environmental problems. Urban planning and land use planning are major driving forces of land use and land cover change in China. However, the goals of these two types of planning are different, and coordinating them is a challenge for local government decision makers. Thus, we use the SLEUTH model to simulate the implementation scenarios of future urban growth in Nanjing in the Jiangsu province of China. Using the scientific simulation data of the model, we contrasted the alternative futures of the two planning types for local government decision makers to achieve sustainable urban planning. The objective of our study is to explore the problems and possible solutions for urban management in the context of a megacity in China. The results of our study confirm the value of SLEUTH, which provides extensive exploratory knowledge in evaluating the effects of possible local government decisions.

Abstract

Open public spaces provide venues for cultural, recreational events and promote informal social contact between citizens. Successful outdoor spaces promote comfort and invite people to stay outdoors. Provision of thermal comfort outdoors present a challenge, as an extended range of environmental conditions must be dealt with. The present study examines whether climatic characteristics in Dublin facilitate exercising long-term outdoor activities during summer, and investigates the extent to which urban planning and the resulting urban morphology of the built environment influences microclimates created, from the viewpoint of wind environment. Microclimates at Grand Canal Square have been simulated by ENVI-met. Wind velocity has been expressed in relation to that of the “background” climate in order to verify if the site has a wind protecting character or to the contrary, it enhances airflow. The results show for the dominant wind directions (W, SW, S) that 60% higher wind velocity than at Dublin Airport can occur around building corners and at restricted flow sections—preventing any kind of long-term outdoor activity during a “typical” day. S and SW winds cause 15%–20% acceleration at the W waterfront area. Windy urban environment can call forth a limited frequentation of urban space.

Abstract

 

Hi ha tendència a l’augment de la població a les ciutats i un increment de la mobilitat, paral·lel al creixement econòmic, que converteix la congestió i, per consegüent, la pol·lució entre els principals problemes de les ciutats. I en un context on la qualitat de vida a les ciutats s’està convertint, sens dubte, en l’eix vertebrador de les polítiques municipals.

Al mateix temps, s’estan produint en els darrers anys dos importants transformacions: canvi en el model energètic en la mobilitat i un desenvolupament vigorós de les tecnologies de les comunicacions i de la informació. Transformacions que estant tenint i tindran encara una incidència no menyspreable en el comportament i gestió de la mobilitat.

L’objectiu de la ponència és analitzar la mobilitat urbana en les principals ciutats de Catalunya, i especialment en l’àmbit de la Regió Metropolitana de Barcelona, des de l’òptica de la quantia de desplaçaments i repartiment modals fins l’impacte econòmic i ambiental de la mobilitat. L’anàlisi, inclourà així mateix, les tendències i perspectives de canvi en l’àmbit de la mobilitat, fruit, en gran part, d’aquestes transformacions indicades.

Abstract

Hi ha tendència a l’augment de la població a les ciutats i un increment de la mobilitat, paral·lel al creixement econòmic, que converteix la congestió i, per consegüent, la pol·lució entre els principals problemes de les ciutats. I en un context on la qualitat de vida a les ciutats s’està convertint, sens dubte, en l’eix vertebrador de les polítiques municipals.

Al mateix temps, s’estan produint en els darrers anys dos importants transformacions: canvi en el model energètic en la mobilitat i un desenvolupament vigorós de les tecnologies de les comunicacions i de la informació. Transformacions que estant tenint i tindran encara una incidència no menyspreable en el comportament i gestió de la mobilitat.

L’objectiu de la ponència és analitzar la mobilitat urbana en les principals ciutats de Catalunya, i especialment en l’àmbit de la Regió Metropolitana de Barcelona, des de l’òptica de la quantia de desplaçaments i repartiment modals fins l’impacte econòmic i ambiental de la mobilitat. L’anàlisi, inclourà així mateix, les tendències i perspectives de canvi en l’àmbit de la mobilitat, fruit, en gran part, d’aquestes transformacions indicades.

Abstract

This chapter opens the volume on transit oriented development (TOD) and sustainable cities: economics, community and methods, which provides new dimensions and a contemporary focus on sustainable transport, urban development and regeneration across a wide range of countries and levels of development. This chapter introduces TOD and identifies links between transport investment, TOD and sustainability in a historical and contemporary context. The chapter also outlines the book’s contents. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

As extensively discussed by other scholars, there is a growing awareness that the integration of land use and transport (LUT) planning is a crucial prerequisite for the transition towards more sustainable transport patterns and urban development that foster interaction between people, support a sustainable business climate and reduces negative effects on the environment and climate (see, for example, Banister 2002, 2005; Cervero 1998; Meyer and Miller 2001; TRB 2004). However, in the Netherlands (and in other countries), such integration is scarcely present in daily planning practice (see, for instance, Hull and Tricker 2006). If anything, one can speak of policy coordination rather than ‘integration’; i.e. it is dialogue or information exchange which is geared at avoiding conflicts between projects, but does not seek to establish similar policy goals (Stead et al. 2004). Achieving integration in earlier phases of planning (for example, strategy development, goal orientation or visioning) can potentially produce shared policy goals, which would promote mutually reinforcing (instead of obstructing) land use and transport measures. However, for this to happen, a transition on its own is needed. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

In this study, ambulance location problem, which is a significant research field in transportation in healthcare, is focused on. It is assumed that travelling time of vehicles between two demand points is uncertain and this uncertainty is represented as a crisp and as well as convex set. In order to deal with this uncertainty, robust counterpart approach, which is capable of providing conservatism, is employed. According to results of the simulation process, which is designed for the sake of benchmarking robust and nominal solutions, it can be easily claimed that conservative robustness is able to be achieved with significantly sufferable costs, even with no costs in most of the scenarios, by the proposed model. Ultimately, since robustness is one of the most important keywords for sustainability, on which discussions can be found in several parts of the text, this chapter is concluded with the claim that, by the proposed model, sustainability of transportation in healthcare is enhanced based on the adopted problem. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

The main focus of this report is on the initial period of the World Bank’s engagement with transport in cities (1972-82). This study looks at the project practice in light of the strategy document, Urban Transport Sector paper which was published in 1975 to guide the Bank’s lending program. The strategy focused on the relation between poverty and transport, recommending a spatially-extensive, low-cost, and price-based response to access and traffic problems; improvements in provision of public transport services; and coordination between land use and transport planning. The report presents a thorough analysis of the Bank’s strategy and practice in the urban transport sector as well as overview of lessons learned, including from projects that did not achieve their planned objectives. Overall, these pioneering efforts in both strategy and practice were well conceived and executed and played a catalytic role in most client cities. Document type: Book

Abstract

This paper examines the linkages between urban form and city productivity, using alternative metrics for urban form and applying them to a comprehensive sample of Latin American cities. Although most of the literature has concentrated on the effects of population density (compact versus sprawling urban development), this paper seeks to assess whether different dimensions of a city's urban form, such as shape, structure, and land-use, affect its economic performance. The paper finds that the shape of the urban extent, the inner-city connectedness, and fullness have a statistically significant influence on the productivity level of the city. Document type: Book