Documents published in 2014 : Scipedia

Non-situational demonstrative expressions and the cognitive status of their referents
J. Ribera

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (2), 14

Abstract
Abstract: This paper deals with non-situational demonstratives as text-deictic units and discusses the degree of activation or cognitive status of their referents under the scope of Gundel, Hedberg & Zacharski’s (1993) Givenness Hierarchy combined with Centering Theory.In order to determine the cognitive status of the referents of the demonstratives, a narrative corpus consisting of J. M. Barrie’s Peter Pan and two translations of Barrie’s text into Catalan and Spanish is analyzed. Firstly, the situational or non-situational natures of the demonstratives this/these/thus and that/those, and their counterparts in the translations, are determined. Secondly, the cognitive status of the referents of the non-situational demonstratives is discussed.The analyses show that the demonstratives referring to ‘in focus’ entities are frequent. Moreover, there is no one-to-one correspondence among the demonstratives in the source and the target texts. Both results point to changes in the cognitive status of some referents in the process of translation. These results also lead to conclude that some discourse non-identificational constraints should be taken into account when facing the analysis of demonstratives.Key words: demonstratives, reference, deixis, anaphora, cognitive status.
Abstract
Abstract: This paper deals with non-situational demonstratives as text-deictic units and discusses the degree of activation or cognitive status of their referents under the [...]
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The Catalan language in the Valencian edition of the «Regulae» of Masparrautha (1498)
J. Giralt Latorre

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (2), 21

Abstract
Abstract: During the Middle Ages, Latin was taught for beginners in the Romance language in Spain, as well as in other European regions. A number of explanations in the vernacular were incorporated into Latin texts. An example of this tradition is the so-called grammaticae proverbiandi. They are characterized by a proverbium or sentence in the vernacular, which helps to understand the Latin structure better. This is the case of the Regulae by Esteban de Masparrautha, printed in 1492 in Pamplona, with examples in Navarrese-Aragonese, as well as in 1498 in Valencia, with examples in Catalan. Emma Falque (2011) has recently published an edition of the incunabulum of Pamplona, which includes an appendix showing the proverbia in Catalan.In this paper, the characteristic dialectal features of Western Catalan — more specifically, from the Southern area — will be determined by linguistic analysis of the abovementioned examples. Features that do not have any dialectal connotation, as they were generally common in medieval texts regardless of their origin, will be also discussed. Some of these latter features still show in certain subdialects, while others have disappeared.Key words: Catalan language, history of language, dialectology, Valencian, Aragonese.
Abstract
Abstract: During the Middle Ages, Latin was taught for beginners in the Romance language in Spain, as well as in other European regions. A number of explanations in the vernacular [...]
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The narrative of Vicenç Riera Llorca: literature and historical conscience
M. Corretger

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (2), 18

Abstract
Abstract: The article offers the first study of the complete narrative of Vicenç Riera Llorca — thirteen novels and two anthologies of stories — published between 1946 and 1991. It provides an analysis of the author’s historical, social, political and literary motivations and puts forward an explanation for the question of why he chose fiction and not journalism, which he had previously worked in. It also raises the issue of hisrole in the construction of the historical conscience of Catalan society based on his experiences between 1931 and 1945, with one single novel set in 1962. The article also takes into consideration Riera’s essays as literary critic for Pont Blau and Xaloc as well as his memoirs, one volume about his youth in Catalonia and another one on his exile; the letters he exchanged with critic Domènec Guansé, and the critical reception of his work up to the present day (Molas, Triadú, Ramió, Saladrigas [interview], Faulí). The article situates Riera’s work in its context and discusses its value in relationto the emerging Catalan novel since 1946. It also looks for the literary sources and the European and North American trends of thought that have had an impact on his work. It also contains representative examples that can be traced back by quotes preceded by the abbreviated titles of the novels.Key words: Riera Llorca, novel, historical conscience, exile, realism, human nature, narrative techniques.
Abstract
Abstract: The article offers the first study of the complete narrative of Vicenç Riera Llorca — thirteen novels and two anthologies of stories — published between 1946 [...]
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Estudi de les unitats fraseológiques de la tercera esfera des d'una perspectiva diacrònica
M. Fuster Ortuño, E. Sánchez López

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (1), 6

Abstract
Fins ara, les unitats fraseològiques havien estat tradicionalment estudiades en sincronia o, a tot estirar, tenint en consideració un punt concret en el passat. Amb aquest estudi, pretenem fer una anàlisi diacrònica —de l’evolució— d’algunes UFs que considerem especialment representatives, com ho són les de la tercera esfera, que, segons Corpas, són els enunciats fraseològics. Iniciarem l’article amb una breu descripció del concepte d’unitat fraseològica i, posteriorment, ens centrarem en les unitats que conformen la tercera esfera. Tractarem amb més profunditat la definició, l’origen i el tipus d’unitats que s’apleguen sota aquest terme. A continuació, analitzarem amb més aprofundiment un parell d’exemples representatius, com són una oronella no fa estiu i fer orelles sordes. Aquests exemples ens permetran observar les característiques generals del processos de fraseologització i canvi fraseològic.
Abstract
Fins ara, les unitats fraseològiques havien estat tradicionalment estudiades en sincronia o, a tot estirar, tenint en consideració un punt concret en el passat. Amb aquest [...]
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El concepte de "posar en lloc resguardat" en català. Estudi diacrònic
V. Beltran, C. Segura

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (1), 3

Abstract
En aquest article estudiem l’evolució semàntica que han experimentat els verbs que han arribat a expressar en català el sentit [posar en lloc resguardat] o que s’hi han aproximat. Cronològicament, l’estudi ateny fonamentalment des de les primeres atestacions fins al segle xvi. Malgrat això, també estudiem, més parcialment, la documentació posterior fins a l’actualitat, especialment a través de les obres lexicogràfiques. Després de descriure semasiològicament cada unitat lèxica, mirem d’establir les interrelacions que s’han pogut produir entre aquests mots en el cas que hagen coincidit en l’ús sincrònic. Per aconseguir-ho, partim del despullament dels textos literaris i no literaris que ens ofereixen les dades del "Corpus Informatitzat de Català Antic" (CICA). Ens basem en la metodologia que aporta la semàntica cognitiva, especialment quant al paper que fan les projeccions metafòriques i metonímiques en l’explicació dels canvis semàntics. Tot plegat és el marc general per a explicar l’evolució semàntica dels verbs que han servit per a expressar el sentit esmentat i quina relació històrica han mantingut entre ells.
Abstract
En aquest article estudiem l’evolució semàntica que han experimentat els verbs que han arribat a expressar en català el sentit [posar en lloc resguardat] o que s’hi [...]
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Subjectivació i inferència en l'evolució semàntica i en l'inici de la gramaticalització de "jaquir" (segles xi-xii))
J. Martines, S. Montserrat

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (1), 10

Abstract
Estudiem en aquest article els primers passos en l’evolució semàntica i en la gramaticalització del verb "jaquir". Aquest germanisme pertany a un estrat lèxic del català que va començar a fer-se menys usual a la darreria del s. xv, desplaçat per altres sinònims, en aquest cas "lleixar-deixar". La recerca es fonamenta en un corpus de documentació en llatí i en català dels segles xi i xii. L’objectiu és descriure, en aquella primera documentació, la gènesi dels significats que ja apareixen ben establits durant el període literari. Seguim un enfocament metodològic d’orientació cognitivista (estudi de la subjectivació i de la inferència com a mecanismes del canvi semàntic) i donem un paper important a la visió comparada dels cognats de jaquir en les llengües romàniques (sobretot, gal·loromàniques) i en germànic (fràncic i alemany).
Abstract
Estudiem en aquest article els primers passos en l’evolució semàntica i en la gramaticalització del verb "jaquir". Aquest germanisme pertany a un estrat lèxic del català [...]
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La inferència en l'aflorament de valors evidencials en català antic
A. Sentí Pons, J. Antolí Martínez

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (1), 8

Abstract
En aquest article volem descriure els valors evidencials que desenvolupen el verb "parèixer" i la perífrasi verbal "deure + infinitiu" en català antic i explicar com s’han generat. Es tracta de dos recursos bàsics per a l’expressió de l’evidencialitat inferencial que han seguit un procés de canvi semàntic paral·lel. L’estudi d’aquest procés, que s’ha fet amb dades de corpus analitzades amb una metodologia cognitiva, revela que l’aflorament dels nous valors es pot explicar com a resultat d’un procés de gramaticalització en què, a poc a poc, hi ha una major subjectivació, tendència que s’explica, en darrer terme, pel mecanisme de la inferència invitada (Traugott & Dasher 2002). A més, l’anàlisi dels diferents valors evidencials ens ha permès constatar que cal una classificació més detallada de la tipologia tradicional d’evidencials d’inferència (Willet 1988), i és per a superar aquestes limitacions que hem aplicat la proposta de Squartini (2008). En definitiva, tot plegat ens ha possibilitat obrir una línia de recerca sobre els marcadors evidencials d’inferència i el procés de canvi lingüístic que els genera en llengües com el català en què no hi ha una categoria gramatical evidencial.
Abstract
En aquest article volem descriure els valors evidencials que desenvolupen el verb "parèixer" i la perífrasi verbal "deure + infinitiu" en català antic i explicar com s’han [...]
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Evolucionismo, integración sociocognitiva y cambio semántico
A. Soares da Silva

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (1), 5

Abstract
El cambio es el fenómeno lingüístico por excelencia a la hora de aplicar los modelos teóricos evolucionistas. La perspectiva evolucionista del lenguaje permite analizar el cambio lingüístico como un fenómeno sujeto a los mismos procesos evolutivos que determinan cualquier sistema evolutivo complejo. El objetivo de este estudio es defender una integración más sistemática de los factores sociales y cognitivos del cambio lingüístico, en particular del cambio semántico. Este artículo se centra en un enfoque evolutivo del cambio lingüístico muy influyente, la Teoría de la Selección del Enunciado del cambio lingüístico desarrollada por Croft (2000). El enfoque evolutivo de Croft se inspira en la teoría evolutiva neo-darwiniana, concretamente en la Teoría Generalizada de la Selección desarrollada por Hull (1988), un filósofo de la ciencia. La idea fundamental es que el cambio lingüístico es un ejemplo de la evolución cultural i, por lo tanto, está sometido a los mismos mecanismos evolutivos generales que guían la evolución biológica. El lenguaje, como sistema de uso, se regula por la convención, de manera que el cambio lingüístico es el resultado de romper con la convención y de propagar esta innovación en la comunidad lingüística hasta que se convierte en una nueva convención. Argumentaremos, en el marco de la lingüística cognitiva (Geeraerts & Cuyckens 2007), a favor de una integración más sistemática de los factores cognitivos y sociales en la explicación del cambio lingüístico. Tomaremos como ejemplo algunos casos de cambio semántico en portugués y en español para demostrar que los mecanismos de la innovación lingüística son cognitivos, mientras que los mecanismos de propagación son esencialmente sociales. Conocer qué factores cognitivos interactúan con los sociales en el proceso de cambio semántico y lingüístico en general es todavía un reto importante en el enfoque evolutivo del cambio lingüístico.
Abstract
El cambio es el fenómeno lingüístico por excelencia a la hora de aplicar los modelos teóricos evolucionistas. La perspectiva evolucionista del lenguaje permite analizar [...]
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La implantació de la normativa dels relatius: els resultats en dos exercicis gramaticals
J. Costa Carreras, A. Labèrnia Romagosa

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (1), 11

Abstract
En aquest article es presenten els resultats obtinguts a partir de dos exercicis enfocats a avaluar la implantació de la normativa dels relatius en discursos planificats. L’article analitza els resultats parcials d’una recerca que s’emmarca en l’ús que fa dels relatius la mostra estudiada (26 individus catalanoparlants de 1r curs de Traducció i Interpretació) i la percepció que se’n té. Els resultats han permès extreure les conclusions següents: (a) la implantació de la normativa pel que fa als relatius utilitzats és «alta» (de les 520 respostes analitzades, el 86,9 % són normatives oficials); (b) en el 50 % dels ítems, la implantació de la normativa ha resultat «molt alta», i (c) destaca la implantació «molt baixa» de les solucions oficials en una frase com "L’assumpte […] requereix una gestió ben planificada fins a l’últim detall, la qual gestió, per tant, no pot ser confiada sinó a una persona de confiança […]". L’anàlisi dels exercicis també ha fet possible destriar les formes lingüístiques amb un grau d’habitualitat molt alt o molt baix: per exemple, la mostra ha preferit "a qui" com a relatiu amb funció de complement indirecte. Finalment, també és destacable l’aportació d’aquest article pel que fa a la normativitat de "qui" quan fa de complement directe i va precedit de preposició: "L’home a qui vam veure continua desaparegut."
Abstract
En aquest article es presenten els resultats obtinguts a partir de dos exercicis enfocats a avaluar la implantació de la normativa dels relatius en discursos planificats. L’article [...]
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Les oracions de relatiu i la represa pronominal amb "en"
J. Ramos

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (1), 9

Abstract
Aquest article estudia les oracions de relatiu que duen una represa pronominal amb el pronom "en". Concretament, s’ocupa de les oracions de relatiu amb antecedent implícit de caràcter partitiu; és a dir, d’aquell tipus de construccions en què l’antecedent apareix sense nucli nominal i va encapçalat per un quantificador. Aquest tipus de construccions no ha rebut l’atenció dels estudiosos i, quan s’hi ha fet referència, ha estat de manera molt parcial i amb divergència d’opinions des del punt de vista de la normativa gramatical. En aquest treball, s’aprofundeix en el tema analitzant les vacil·lacions dels usuaris i les tendències segons les característiques sintàctiques de la construcció. La investigació es duu a terme tenint en compte una enquesta als usuaris, l’anàlisi d’un corpus de textos escrits de la llengua contemporània i l’estudi d’un corpus de textos de la llengua antiga.
Abstract
Aquest article estudia les oracions de relatiu que duen una represa pronominal amb el pronom "en". Concretament, s’ocupa de les oracions de relatiu amb antecedent implícit [...]
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Agustí Bartra i la negritud
J. Cerdà Subirachs

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (1), 7

Abstract
El poeta Agustí Bartra (1908-1982) va ser traductor d’alguns dels poetes neoafricans més importants del segle xx. El present treball vol incidir en les reflexions que, a propòsit d’aquestes traduccions, ens ajuden a configurar la poètica del mateix Bartra. Temes tan centrals com la funcionalitat de la poesia, el seu caràcter soteriològic, el paper del mite o del temps, són presents en Bartra com en alguns dels poetes de la negritud. Més enllà d’un interès antropològic, una efusió exòtica o revolucionària, Bartra acara la poesia neoafricana des de la seva exemplaritat, i supera, d’aquesta manera, els tractaments asimètrics, paternalistes o merament ideològics d’alguns dels qui, des d’Occident, s’hi havien aproximat. La recerca per part de Bartra d’una poètica humanista troba en la negritud una referència ineludible.
Abstract
El poeta Agustí Bartra (1908-1982) va ser traductor d’alguns dels poetes neoafricans més importants del segle xx. El present treball vol incidir en les reflexions que, [...]
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Còpies manuscrites d'impresos renaixentistes a la Biblioteca Universitària de València: el llegat d'Onofre Soler i Rubio
J. Martos

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (1), 4

Abstract
Onofre Soler i Rubio va ser un dels bibliòfils més importants de la Il·lustració tardana en la València del pas del segle xviii al xix. Va tenir un pes específic en la societat d’aleshores, com a rector de la Universitat de València en dos períodes diferents, com a canonge de la Seu i com a bibliotecari arxiver del Capítol. Tot i això, la seua figura no ha estat suficientment tractada, malgrat que l’Arxiu de la Universitat de València i l’Arxiu Capitular ofereixen molts documents encara per classificar. Una part d’aquests havia estat assenyalada prèviament, documentació que ací es revisa, s’actualitza i es completa, a partir d’aquests dos fons documentals i de la Biblioteca Històrica de la Universitat de València, quant als aspectes relacionats amb el seu important llegat bibliogràfic a aquest darrer fons, de 2 782 obres. D’aquestes, sols 37 són manuscrites i tres presenten la peculiaritat de ser còpies d’impresos antics, datats entre 1490 i 1561, una tècnica bastant desconeguda que, des d’època incunable, ha estat present en la transmissió textual de les obres. En aquest article s’estudien els tres còdexs, des d’una perspectiva interna i externa, que resulten mostres interessants de diferents episodis de la història del llibre, sota una mateixa estratègia de transmissió.
Abstract
Onofre Soler i Rubio va ser un dels bibliòfils més importants de la Il·lustració tardana en la València del pas del segle xviii al xix. Va tenir un pes específic en [...]
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Introducció monogràfic
J. Martines

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (1), 2
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Plata Parga, F. (ed.), P. Calderón de la Barca, «La vida es sueño», edición crítica de las dos versiones del auto y de la loa, Kassel/Pamplona, Reichenberger/Universidad de Navarra, 2012. ISBN: 978-3-944244-01-3
A. Sáez

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 3
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Insúa, M. Y C. Mata Induráin (eds.), Calderón de la Barca, P., «La siembra del Señor (Los obreros del Señor)», Kassel/Pamplona, Reichenberger/Universidad de Navarra, 2013. [Ediciones críticas, 190, Autos sacramentales completos de Calderón, 83.] ISBN: 978
F. Plata Parga

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 15
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Grande Yáñez, M., «De Cervantes a Calderón. Claves filosóficas del barroco español», Madrid, Dykinson, 2012. ISBN 978-84-15454-49-6.
J. Gutiérrez Meza

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 10
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The Comical, the Emblematic, and a Golden Age Joke in Calderón’s La casa holgona
P. Restrepo-Gautier

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 6

Abstract
This article explores the ways in which a Golden Age joke is manipulated to become an integral part of Calderón’s La casa holgona. Antón, the Flemish student, turns the joke into a verbal weapon that insults, offends and ridicules one of the prostitutes in the entremés. The joke, as told by Antón, can be understood independently of the plot. However, Antón not only tells the joke, but also modifies it to ensure that the reference to the prostitute becomes clear and to incorporate it fully into the play. Given that the joke contains a personal device (a combination of image and motto), this article also proposes that Antón manipulates the joke using an emblematic procedure, which breaks the original system of signification and, in doing so, changes its original meaning.
Abstract
This article explores the ways in which a Golden Age joke is manipulated to become an integral part of Calderón’s La casa holgona. Antón, the Flemish student, turns the [...]
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From Orpheus to Orpheus. Myth and Exegesis in the Dramatic Work of Lope and Calderón
J. Martínez Berbel

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 1

Abstract
The present work aims to analyze different interpretations of the myth of Orpheus made by Lope de Vega and Calderón de la Barca. Apart from trying to establish relations between various plays, the analysis deals in particular with the different ways in which the conventions of a dramatic genre (comedy vs. auto sacramental) influence not only on the interpretive proposals, but also on the handling of sources, the treatment of the characters, the dramatic conflict, etc.
Abstract
The present work aims to analyze different interpretations of the myth of Orpheus made by Lope de Vega and Calderón de la Barca. Apart from trying to establish relations [...]
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Saxony and the Sea: the 113th Verse of El galán fantasma by Pedro Calderón de la Barca
N. Iglesias Iglesias

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 13

Abstract
Calderón places El Galán Fantasma in a specific geographical area: faraway Saxony. There are several references in the text to this ducky and its leader, the Duke of Saxony, one of the main characters of the play. The playwright, however, does not refer to the actual ducky, neither to a specific duke from a historical or geographical point of view. This is supported by verse 113, which alludes to the Saxon sea although the historical cartography confirms that Saxony did not have a coastline during the period in which Calderón wrote. The objective of this article is to analyze how the dramatist uses the Saxon sea in order to create a style rich in maritime images and how certain aspects of the plot are related to the choice of Saxony for the setting. At the same time, the study deals with the connotations of the toponym Saxony for the Spanish audience who watched El Galán Fantasma in the 1630s.PALABRAS CLAVE / KEYWORDS: Calderón, espacio, Sajonia, duque Federico de Sajonia, recepción, metáforas marítimas y bélicas / Calderón, space, Saxony, duke Frederick of Saxony, reception, maritime and military metaphors.
Abstract
Calderón places El Galán Fantasma in a specific geographical area: faraway Saxony. There are several references in the text to this ducky and its leader, the Duke of Saxony, [...]
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A Cove in Calderón’s mojigangas. Text and Staging
A. González

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 9

Abstract
The present article analyses three of Calderon’s mojigangas, establishing the relation between the dramatic text and the staging of these pieces. Each mojiganga corresponds to a different type of comic structure depending on the organization of the thematic content. Las visions de la muerte is nearer of a folkloric or traditional matter. Of a great tone of irony and satire, more similar to the entremés, and along with that more dramatic and literary than spectacular, is El pésame de la viuda; Los guisados is structured by the nature paradigm, the deformation of the characters is more ridiculous than in an entremés and has a sense of a feast, possibly a palace feast.
Abstract
The present article analyses three of Calderon’s mojigangas, establishing the relation between the dramatic text and the staging of these pieces. Each mojiganga corresponds [...]
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The Actor Alonso de Olmedo: An entremesista in Calderón’s Orbit
F. Domínguez Matito

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 4

Abstract
The «teatro breve», in general, and the «entremés», in particular, already have a more than considerable amount of bibliography. However, critics have paid little attention to the «autores de comedias» or actors who were also playwrights. Among them is Alonso de Olmedo, who was famous for playing the role of «galán», especially in Calderon’s works. He is the author of a large number of «bailes» that were performed at various Calderonian plays, it is his «entremeses» that are of greater interest (Píramo y Tisbe, Las locas caseras, La dama toro and El sacristán Chinchilla).
Abstract
The «teatro breve», in general, and the «entremés», in particular, already have a more than considerable amount of bibliography. However, critics have paid little attention [...]
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Myth and Hermeneutics in Calderón’s Courtly Comedies
E. Cancelliere

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 16

Abstract
Seven stereotypes of myth —mythologems— structure Calderon’s comedies as fabulae initiation. In this way, the archaic rite is an interpreter of modernity.
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Vulgarizing a Myth: the Role of the Graciosos in Calderón’s La fiera, el rayo y la piedra
L. Barone

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 11

Abstract
The present article analyzes the various dramatic functions developed by the three graciosos of the play and their inclusion in the diegesis, starting from the expressive modes of the comical in courtly performances. Based on a short itinerary of the most famous works of 17th century —whose importance concerns the myth diffusion in that period— the author examines the sources treatment, themes and characters rearrangement, and the process of myth abasement and vulgarization through the joker look defining the gracioso’s materialistic perspective.
Abstract
The present article analyzes the various dramatic functions developed by the three graciosos of the play and their inclusion in the diegesis, starting from the expressive [...]
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The Beginning of La vida es sueño and the Soledad primera by Góngora
F. Antonucci

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 7

Abstract
This article analyzes the initial sequence of Calderón’s La vida es sueño (vv. 1-102) by studying the relationships between metric form (silvas), dramatic space, characters’ actions, and style. Comparing the initial sequences in silvas of other comedies included in the Primera and Segunda Parte of Calderón’s comedies, it points out the recurring motif of shipwrecking; in doing so, it stresses how Rosaura’s itinerary, from the initial situation when she has been bucked off by her horse to her discovery of Segismundo’s jail, echoes the shipwrecked wandering’s itinerary in the initial sequence of Góngora’s Soledad primera. The sequence in silvas in the third act of La vida es sueño is built in chiasm with this initial sequence to highlight the radical change that protagonists are about to accomplish.
Abstract
This article analyzes the initial sequence of Calderón’s La vida es sueño (vv. 1-102) by studying the relationships between metric form (silvas), dramatic space, characters’ [...]
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Some Characteristics of Calderón in the Comedy Los empeños de un acaso
A. Barrios

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 2

Abstract
The present article examines the authorship of the comedy Los empeños de un acaso. This work was published in several editions with two different titles: Los empeños de un acaso and Los empeños que se ofrecen. This could explain that the comedy was attributed in different editions to Calderón de la Barca and Juan Pérez de Montalbán. This paper defends Calderón’s authorship: although the Golden Age Comedy in general shares certain stylistic conventions, it is clear that Calderón reiterates specific issues and treatments in his swashbuckling comedies. In this context, the article deals with three different aspects: the mention of the locus amoenus, the allusion to Madrid as a populous city, and some metaliterary commentaries.
Abstract
The present article examines the authorship of the comedy Los empeños de un acaso. This work was published in several editions with two different titles: Los empeños de [...]
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Bibliografía calderoniana 2013
A. Sáez

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 14
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How many versions does an autograph offer? The authorial interventions in the autograph of Calderón’s «El secreto a voces»
S. Kroll

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 18

Abstract
Pedro Calderón de la Barca never ceases to work. His constant interest to improve or adapt his texts has produced two versions of the same play in several occasions. His autographs allow us to examine his writing process as well as the theatrical practice in Golden Age Spain. In the autograph of «El secreto a voces», Calderón himself seems to delete up to 200 verses, nevertheless it also presents interventions by other hands. In this article, I will therefore try to distinguish between the authentic and non-authentic interventions in the autograph of «El secreto a voces».
Abstract
Pedro Calderón de la Barca never ceases to work. His constant interest to improve or adapt his texts has produced two versions of the same play in several occasions. His [...]
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Tetrasyllabic variations in the Golden Age
I. Arellano

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 5

Abstract
This article shows the abundance of tetrameter verses, —denied by Pablo Jauralde—, in the poetry of the Golden Age, in special in some genres like traditional poetry, or drama.
Abstract
This article shows the abundance of tetrameter verses, —denied by Pablo Jauralde—, in the poetry of the Golden Age, in special in some genres like traditional [...]
- 1
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Aichinger, Wolfram, «El fuego de san Antón y los hospitales antonianos en España», Wien, Verlag Turia+Kant, 2009, 191 pp. ISBN: 978-3-85132-574-4
I. Arellano

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 2

Abstract
Book's review
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Table of contents
Á. Baraibar

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (2), 28

Abstract
Table of contents
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The Making of the Hero in the Land of the Cinnamon Tree: Gonzalo Pizarro in the Royal Commentaries of Garcilaso Inca
C. Zanelli Velásquez

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (2), 25

Abstract
Prior to his rebellion against the Spanish Crown in 1544, Gonzalo Pizarro (Francisco’s younger brother) accomplished the Conquest of Charcas (present-day northwestern Bolivia), survived the siege of Cuzco by Manco Inca and attempted the failed exploration of the mythical «Land of the Cinnamon Tree», located somewhere in the Amazonian basin, according to Garcilaso’s historical account. During this doomed expedition, Pizarro endured treason, lost companions and was defeated by the forces of an aggressive environment. However, he managed to emerge as the legendary political and military leader that rebelled against the first Viceroy of Peru, Blasco Nuñez Vela in 1546. Nuñez Vela would be defeated in battlefield and later executed. Gonzalo Pizarro’s pretension of becoming king of Peru by virtue of a political alliance with the surviving Incas would be seen in Garcilaso’s account as a proof of Pizarro’s heroic stature, albeit a tragic one.
Abstract
Prior to his rebellion against the Spanish Crown in 1544, Gonzalo Pizarro (Francisco’s younger brother) accomplished the Conquest of Charcas (present-day northwestern Bolivia), [...]
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The Humanist Ideal of Peace in Pacification Accounts by the Chronicler Fernández de Oviedo
V. Teglia

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (2), 26

Abstract
This paper poses that, in order to represent the first Spanish conquests in the Antilles, Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo, within his Historia General y Natural de las Indias, takes certain official legal documents as models to guide and structure his account. Such documents are the royal ordinances and Palacios Rubios’ Requerimiento. Consequently, the character’s speech and actions are marked with the ideals of XVIth century humanist, Renaissance, and erasmist thought —peace, love-friendship and the model of the prudent, moderate leaders— while a speech which seeks to legitimize the Spanish rules in the New World —while presenting it in terms of «pacification»— is being simultaneously unfolded. This whole discursive compound results in a plural, diverse and at times contradictory account, influenced and influential, and, above all, founding of some of the Utopian-imperial speech and imagery that were projected over the Americas and that constituted it.
Abstract
This paper poses that, in order to represent the first Spanish conquests in the Antilles, Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo, within his Historia General [...]
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Arrival and Conquests in the Viceroyalty of Peru in Times of Francisco de Borja y Aragón, Príncipe de Esquilache (1615-1621)
M. Zaldívar Ovalle

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (2), 24

Abstract
In the context of the Relación, by Francisco de Borja y Aragón, this paper will report on the exploratory travels —named Arrival and Conquests— of Spanish encomenderos and soldiers between 1615 and 1621. In this context, the present study highlights some of the difficulties Esquilache faced in the exercise of power as head of the Viceroyalty of Peru. We focus our attention on the specific event named Spanish Government. The reasons discussed this time, are closely related to the battle between soldiers and trustees to obtain personal profit. The latter was a current struggle, dating from the origins of the viceroyalty. However, at the time of the events, such conflicts had worsened due to a complex political and economic situation.
Abstract
In the context of the Relación, by Francisco de Borja y Aragón, this paper will report on the exploratory travels —named Arrival and Conquests— of Spanish encomenderos [...]
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Representation of the Indian in Calderón’s «La Aurora en Copacabana»
J. Gutiérrez Meza

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (2), 31

Abstract
The article analyzes the onomastics of the Indian characters, the portrayal of the Inca Empire of Huáscar and Atahualpa, and the Christianization of Guacolda and Yupangui in Calderón’s La Aurora en Copacabana. Rational and proactive, these two characters realize the illegitimacy of the Inca idolatry and embrace the true religion, long before the formal start of Perú’s christianization. Thus, it is argued that this specific representation of the Indian may have been influenced by the close circles indianos of Miguel de Aguirre, who allegedly patronized this comedy.
Abstract
The article analyzes the onomastics of the Indian characters, the portrayal of the Inca Empire of Huáscar and Atahualpa, and the Christianization of Guacolda and Yupangui [...]
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Blacks as Figure of Negation and Difference in Spanish Golden Age Theater
B. Fra Molinero

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (2), 30

Abstract
Modernity in Europe and America has negated the existence of Blacks, making them invisible. Spanish Renaissance and Baroque theater represents the Black figure in three ways. Some Black characters embody the negation of humanity; other Blacks attempt to erase their skin color at the physical and metaphysical level, and thus their presence in society as difference and as beings in history; lastly, and this is the exception, some are individuals who confront this negation and demand their freedom against a society that sees them only as slaves. This is the case of the play Juan Latino (c. 1625) by Diego Ximénez de Enciso. Its protagonist affirms his presence in historical memory.
Abstract
Modernity in Europe and America has negated the existence of Blacks, making them invisible. Spanish Renaissance and Baroque theater represents the Black figure in three ways. [...]
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Review of Maestro, Jesús G., «Calipso eclipsada. El teatro de Cervantes más allá del Siglo de Oro», Madrid, Editorial Verbum, 2013, 316 pp. ISBN: 978-84-7962-899-4
V. Gutiérrez Pérez

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 21

Abstract
Book's review
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Sor Juana and Nicholas of Cusa
R. Olivares Zorrilla

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 22

Abstract
Without evaluating the extraordinary and consistent impression that Nicholas of Cusa exerted on the works by Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, it would be hardly possible to achieve a profound comprehension of one of the most prominent women writers of the Latin American Baroque period. The Cusan’s legacy provided Sor Juana with the symbol of the opposing pyramids of light and shadow, and with the metaphor of the circle and the center, already sifted by the Spanish mystics. Both symbols in her poem The Dream inscribe within a Renaissance change of episteme, in which a mathematical and optical version of the ideas was always produced through the elucidation of oneself, of the individual as part of a cyclic, spherical universe in which a central, all-seeing eye is described in various works by Nicholas of Cusa. The idea of divine contemplation with our bodily eyes closed, for the incorporeal is only accessible by getting rid of the corporeal; the mathematical and geometrical speculations about divinity and the conceptions of the world as a combination of signs; how the infinite and the finite encounter and the knowledge of the world is always a probability and a conjecture, all these are philosophical traces which enlighten The Dream, one of the most captivating intellectual poems in Spanish literature.
Abstract
Without evaluating the extraordinary and consistent impression that Nicholas of Cusa exerted on the works by Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, it would be hardly possible to achieve [...]
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Páginas previas
Á. Baraibar

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 20
- 0
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Little Devils and Satire in Vélez de Guevara’s El diablo cojuelo and Goethe’s Faust
R. Rice

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 16

Abstract
Besides the other sources that Goethe used when creating his Faust, in his private texts the author mentions his admiration for Le Diable Boiteux by Alain-René Le Sage. An eighteenth century French translation of El diablo cojeulo by Vélez de Guevara, it was extremely popular in its times. The article compares certain elements in the two works such as the objects satirized in the texts, the use of the ‘esperpento’, amongst other elements.
Abstract
Besides the other sources that Goethe used when creating his Faust, in his private texts the author mentions his admiration for Le Diable Boiteux by Alain-René Le Sage. An [...]
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Review of Baraibar, Álvaro, B. Castany, B. Hernández y M. Serna (eds.), Hombres de a pie y de a caballo. (Conquistadores, cronistas, misioneros en la América colonial de los siglos XVI y XVII), New York, IDEA, 2013, 307 pp. (ISBN: 978-1-938795-91-6)
R. Marrero-Fente

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 19

Abstract
Book's review
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Baroque Apocalypse in Homero Aridjis’ «Gran teatro del fin del mundo»
L. Pagacz

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (2), 23

Abstract
The present article provides a (neo)baroque reading of the dystopic and postapocalyptic universe of Homero Aridjis’ (Mexico, 1940) Gran teatro del fin del mundo. The use of dystopia and allegory subverts the Western anthropologic paradigm: utopias of continuous progress and triumphant individualism can be read in reverse. The analysis is structured in three parts: first part establishes the nature of intertextual relationship with Calderón’s baroque piece El gran teatro del mundo; second part describes ironic dystopia in Gran teatro del fin del mundo; third part highlights the logic of reversed aridjian aesthetics.
Abstract
The present article provides a (neo)baroque reading of the dystopic and postapocalyptic universe of Homero Aridjis’ (Mexico, 1940) Gran teatro del fin del mundo. The use [...]
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Some Political and Legal Aspects of Bishop García de Legazpi Velasco and Altamirano (1704-1706)
J. Salazar Andreu

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 15

Abstract
The start of the XVII century was quite complicated for Spain and the New Spain territories in the Americas due to the break of the Succession War that was triggered by the death of the last Austrian monarch, Charles the Second. This event led to a conflict of international dimensions in which European powers intervened in order to impose their monarch who would govern in favour of their political interests in such an important country. The period, that lasted from 1700 to 1706, was one of great uncertainty because no one knew who would be heading the Spanish monarchy. Hispanic noblemen sympathized with the idea of having the grandson of Louis the XIV, Philippe V (Philippe of Anjou) consolidating himself as the future Spanish monarch. To the Spanish clergy, Philippe of Anjou’s political position in the War of Succession was centered on economic interests as well as the fear of surrendering. In this context, Bishop García de Legazpi Velazco y Altamirano played a vital role during the period of uncertainty that the New Spain territories were experiencing.
Abstract
The start of the XVII century was quite complicated for Spain and the New Spain territories in the Americas due to the break of the Succession War that was triggered by the [...]
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Calderón and Marsillach Go to the Cinema. An Ironic and Playful Reading of the Cloak and Dagger Comedia Antes que todo es mi dama from the Stage
P. Mascarell

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 10

Abstract
This article analyzes the production of Calderon’s comedia Antes que todo es mi dama, directed by Adolfo Marsillach in 1987 and its rupture with the modern tradition of staging Golden Age classical plays in Spain. This analysis studies the scenic and interpretative mechanisms used to establish an ironical dialogue with the generic conventions of the cloak and dagger comedia genre.
Abstract
This article analyzes the production of Calderon’s comedia Antes que todo es mi dama, directed by Adolfo Marsillach in 1987 and its rupture with the modern tradition of [...]
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Review of Gil-Osle, Juan Pablo, Amistades imperfectas: del Humanismo a la Ilustración con Cervantes, Madrid/Frankfurt, Iberoamericana/Vervuert, 2013, 193 pp. (ISBN: 978-84-8489-640-1)
F. Rodríguez Mansilla

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (2), 29

Abstract
Book's review
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Travel and Travelers in Novelas ejemplares: Motion and Alterity in La gitanilla
Á. Pérez Martínez

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 12

Abstract
The Novelas ejemplares are not a travel book, but they present numerous issues related to this genre that deserve to be studied and analyzed. Classics can provide important concepts for travel literature. This paper is reading of La gitanilla from the concept of motion and the relationship between travel Cervantes’ theory of alterity.
Abstract
The Novelas ejemplares are not a travel book, but they present numerous issues related to this genre that deserve to be studied and analyzed. Classics can provide important [...]
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Review of «Comedias de Agustín Moreto. Segunda parte de comedias. Volumen VIII», María Luisa Lobato (dir.), Kassel, Reichenberger, 2013, 536 pp. (ISBN: 978-3-944244-10-5)
G. Gómez Sánchez-Ferrer

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 17

Abstract
Book's review
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The Devil and his Dramatic Function in Calderon’s Autos Sacramentales
L. Iglesias Feijoo, I. Hernando Morata

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 13

Abstract
In some Calderón’s autos sacramentales the character of the Devil draws the plot and establishes the dramatic action as a demiurge. He elaborates plans and strategies to confuse the Man, but he always fails. This function approaches the autos to the metatheater. Finally certain parallels with Shakespeare are suggested.
Abstract
In some Calderón’s autos sacramentales the character of the Devil draws the plot and establishes the dramatic action as a demiurge. He elaborates plans and strategies to [...]
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About the Concept of «Spanish nation» in Numancia, by Miguel de Cervantes y Saavedra
E. Marigno Vázquez

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 11

Abstract
This article analyzes the concept of «nationalism» as it appears in Numancia, by Miguel de Cervantes y Saavedra. We show that, although the term did not exist at that time, the author is translating into his tragedy the physical and metaphysical references of the Spanish nation cult, from Renaissance codes. From a systematic lexical and formal study, although the content will reach the conclusion that Numancia can be considered as a dialectical approach in four acts, which concludes with an aesthetic and ethical definition of what we have been calling «nationalism», even if Cervantes gives us an original representation of the Spanish nation.
Abstract
This article analyzes the concept of «nationalism» as it appears in Numancia, by Miguel de Cervantes y Saavedra. We show that, although the term did not exist at that time, [...]
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The Lost Personal Stories: Hungarians in Spanish Golden Age Theatre (Interpretation and Proximity of Distances)
Z. Korpás

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (2), 27

Abstract
Despite of the geographical distances between the two kingdoms, both Hungary and the hungarians seem to be topics widely spreaded in the Spanish literature of the Golden Age. The study tracks the intercultural reasons which might have caused this vast representation of the Hungarians among the literature topics of those centuries. Besides the more or less evidents paralelisms –like the fact of being ruled by the same dynasty, the big challenge represented by the Ottoman expansion both for the Catholic Monarchy and Kingdom of Hungary or being part of the same «Universitas Christiana»— the study shows the very thin nets of the less known personal histories of the thousands of Spaniards fighting against the Ottomans in Hungary. They were there taking part in diplomatic missions or being members of the imperial Court as well as of the Eastern Habsburgs.The presentation of personal histories demonstrates the magnitude of the attention of the Spanish public towards the happenings in Hungary and it shows the fundamental roots both of this specific interest in Hungarian topics and the perception and interpretation the genius of the Spanish Golden Age literature have of it.
Abstract
Despite of the geographical distances between the two kingdoms, both Hungary and the hungarians seem to be topics widely spreaded in the Spanish literature of the Golden Age. [...]
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The Viceroyalty of Naples in Cervantes’ Novelas ejemplares
F. de Armas

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 6

Abstract
In many of his literary works Cervantes exhibits a desire for Italy, which can be encountered in his dedications and his many references to the art, literature and culture of the peninsula. Cervantes recalls in particular his lengthy stay in Naples, capital of the most important Spanish viceroyalties of the time. This essay studies Cervantes’ desire for Italy through the lenses of the Novelas ejemplares. Here, this impetus seems somewhat ambiguous in that the dedicatory to the Count of Lemos is far from laudatory and the references to the viceroyalty in the Novelas ejemplares themselves are brief and almost sinister. Instead of affirming the desire for Italy, these allusions to Naples create an almost insoluble mystery.
Abstract
In many of his literary works Cervantes exhibits a desire for Italy, which can be encountered in his dedications and his many references to the art, literature and culture [...]
- 1
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Vélez de Guevara, Rojas Zorrilla y Mira de Amescua, «El pleito que puso al diablo el cura de Madrilejos», estudio Piedad Bolaños y Abraham Madroñal, ed. Piedad Bolaños, Abraham Madroñal y C. George Peale, Newark, DE, Juan de la Cuesta, 2012
V. Roncero

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 7

Abstract
Book's review
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Vélez de Guevara, Luis, «Más pesa el rey que la sangre, y blasón de los Guzmanes», ed. William R. Manson y C. George Peale, est. introductorio Javier J. González Martínez, Newark, DE, Juan de la Cuesta, 2011, 162 pp. ISBN: 978-1-58871-211-0
A. Menéndez-Collera

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 14

Abstract
Book's review
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Autobiography and Mateo Alemán: Notes on his Philological Book in Colonial Mexico
F. Ramírez Santacruz

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 9

Abstract
In addition to being one of the founding fathers of the modern novel, Mateo Alemán also wrote a stimulating treatise on spelling reform published in 1609 in Colonial Mexico. The Ortografía castellana is widely considered one of the best books on spelling reform written in Early Modern Spain and its territories due to its unparalleled display of elaborate literary artifice. But beyond its great significance for the study of the history of language, orthographies and national identity, and the rise of phoneticism in the 16th century, Alemán’s book has an autobiographical dimension unparalleled among works of its kind. This autobiographical data consists of recollections of his childhood, his time at university, his conversations with school teachers, his work for the Contaduría Real, and many other events that transform his book into a personal diary. The present study examines the role of autobiography and how it determines the structure of the treatise. Our analysis will show that behind the autobiographical allusions hides a self-fashioning project whose main purpose is to create an image for posterity of the artist called Mateo Alemán and provide him with an epic background.
Abstract
In addition to being one of the founding fathers of the modern novel, Mateo Alemán also wrote a stimulating treatise on spelling reform published in 1609 in Colonial Mexico. [...]
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San Tirso de Toledo, Lope de Vega’s Lost Tragedy
A. Madroñal Durán

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 4

Abstract
This paper studies the series of fictional circumstances surrounding Lope’s lost tragedy, San Tirso de Toledo (1597), which was specifically commissioned by the town hall of Toledo to show that the city had a new patron saint, as the Jesuit Jerónimo Román de la Higuera wanted. It recounts the clash of opinions that the issue provoked between the town hall and the primate cathedral, as well as how Lope took sides in the matter. The study also provides the likely source of the tragedy and its exact date.
Abstract
This paper studies the series of fictional circumstances surrounding Lope’s lost tragedy, San Tirso de Toledo (1597), which was specifically commissioned by the town [...]
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Christophe Couderc et Hélène Tropé (éds), «La tragédie espagnole et son contexte européen, XVIe et XVIIe siècles», Paris, Presses Sorbonne Nouvelle, 2013, 269 pp. ISBN: 978-2-87854-611-8
L. Capique Schneider

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 8

Abstract
Book's review
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The fire in snow prisons: concerning the secret of love in Calderonian comedia
A. Vara López

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 3

Abstract
The main objective of this article is to find a pattern that explains the extraordinary profitability of the allusions to the decir sin decir, related to the hiding and revelation of the secret of love, one of the most recurrent themes in the Calderonian universe. For this, we will analyze fragments extracted from nine comedias of various genres and stages, which therefore can be considered a representative sample of the Calderonian modus scribendi.
Abstract
The main objective of this article is to find a pattern that explains the extraordinary profitability of the allusions to the decir sin decir, related to the hiding and revelation [...]
- 1
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Albert, Mechthild (ed.), «Sociabilidad y literatura en el Siglo de Oro», Madrid/Frankfurt, Iberoamericana/Vervuert, 2013, 396 pp. [Biblioteca Áurea Hispánica, 84.] ISBN: 978-84-8489-716-3 (Iberoamericana) / 978-3-86527-767-1 (Vervuert)
A. Sáez

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 1

Abstract
Book's review
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Particle Finite Element Method for analysis of industrial forming processes
E. Oñate, A. Franci, J. Carbonell

(2014). Research Report, Nº PI406

Abstract
In this chapter we present recent advances in the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and in the coupling of the DEM with the Finite Element Method (FEM) for solving a variety of problems in non linear solid mechanics involving damage, plasticity and multifracture situations
Abstract
In this chapter we present recent advances in the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and in the coupling of the DEM with the Finite Element Method (FEM) for solving a variety of [...]
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A stabilized finite element formulation for high‐speed inviscid compressible flows using finite calculus
M. Kouhi, E. Oñate

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. (2014). Vol. 74(2) pp. 872-897

Abstract
This paper aims at the development of a new stabilization formulation based on the Finite Calculus (FIC) scheme for solving the Euler equations using the Galerkin finite element method (FEM) on unstructured triangular grids. The FIC method is based on expressing the balance of fluxes in a space-time domain of finite size. It is used to prevent the creation of instabilities typically present in numerical solutions due to the high convective terms and sharp gradients. Two stabilization terms, respectively called streamline term and transverse term, are added via the FIC formulation to the original conservative equations in the spacetime domain. An explicit fourth order Runge-Kutta scheme is implemented to advance the solution in time. The presented numerical test examples for inviscid flows prove the ability of the proposed stabilization technique for providing appropriate solutions especially near shock waves. Although the derived methodology delivers precise results with a nearly coarse mesh, a mesh refinement technique is coupled to the solution process for obtaining a suitable mesh particularly in the high gradient zones.
Abstract
This paper aims at the development of a new stabilization formulation based on the Finite Calculus (FIC) scheme for solving the Euler equations using the Galerkin finite element [...]
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Simple and efficient numerical tools for the analysis of parachutes
R. Flores, E. Ortega, E. Oñate

Engineering Computations (2014). Vol. 31(5) pp. 957-985

Abstract
This work describes a set of simple yet effective, numerical method for the design and evaluation of parachute-payload system. The developments include a coupled fluidstructural solver for unsteady simulations of ram-air type parachutes. For an efficient solution of the aerodynamic problem, an unsteady panel method has been chosen exploiting the fact that large areas of separated flow are not expected under nominal flight conditions of ram-air parachutes. A dynamic explicit finite element solver is used for the structure. This approach yields a robust solution even when highly non-linear effects due to large displacements and material response are present. The numerical results show considerable accuracy and robustness. An added benefit of the proposed aerodynamic and structural techniques is that they can be easily vectored and thus suitable for use in parallel architectures. The main features of the computational tools are described and several numerical examples are provided to illustrate the performance and capabilities of the technique.
Abstract
This work describes a set of simple yet effective, numerical method for the design and evaluation of parachute-payload system. The developments include a coupled fluidstructural [...]
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Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) for analysis of industrial forming processes
E. Oñate, A. Franci, J. Carbonell

Computational Mechanics (2014). Vol. 54 pp. 85-107

Abstract
We present a generalized Lagrangian formulation for analysis of industrial forming processes involving thermally coupled interactions between deformable continua. The governing equations for the deformable bodies are written in a unified manner that holds both for fluids and solids. The success of the formulation lays on a residual-based expression of the mass conservation equation obtained using the Finite Calculus (FIC) method that provides the necessary stability for quasi/fully incompressible situations. The governing equations are discretized with the FEM via a mixed formulation using simplicial elements with equal linear interpolation for the velocities, the pressure and the temperature. The merits of the formulation are demonstrated in the solution of 2D and 3D thermally-coupled forming processes using the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM).
Abstract
We present a generalized Lagrangian formulation for analysis of industrial forming processes involving thermally coupled interactions between deformable continua. The governing [...]
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Lagrangian analysis of multiscale particulate flows with the particle finite element method
E. Oñate, M. Celigueta, S. Latorre, G. Casas, R. Rossi, J. Rojek

Comp. Part. Mech (2014). Vol. 1 pp. 85-102 (prepint) Vol. 1 pp. 85-102

Abstract
We present a Lagrangian numerical technique for the analysis of flows incorporating physical particles of different sizes. The numerical approach is based on the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) which blends concepts from particle-based techniques and the FEM. The basis of the Lagrangian formulation for particulate flows and the procedure for modelling the motion of small and large particles that are submerged in the fluid are described in detail. The numerical technique for analysis of this type of multiscale particulate flows using a stabilized mixed velocity-pressure formulation and the PFEM is also presented. Examples of application of the PFEM to several particulate flows problems are given.
Abstract
We present a Lagrangian numerical technique for the analysis of flows incorporating physical particles of different sizes. The numerical approach is based on the Particle [...]
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Sobre la posibilidad de un megaterremoto en la region centroamericana
A. Moya

International Journal of Natural Disasters, Accidents and Civil Infrastructure (2015). Vol. 15, (1)

Abstract
Los terremotos que han ocurrido producto de la subducción de la Placa Cocos bajo la Placa Caribe a lo largo de la región centroamaricana han tenido siempre una magnitud inferior a M 8.0. El registro histórico no muestra que eventos mayores se hayan producido. Sin embargo esto no significa que la zona no tenga el potencial de generar un evento de esa magnitud a la luz de los recientes acontecimientos de los terremotos de Sumatra-Andaman del 2004 y de Tohoku, Japón, del 2011. En este estudio, se hace una revisión de los conceptos sismológicos que se han utilizado para descartar la ocurrencia de un megaterremoto frente a las costas de América Central. Se llama la atención para que se realicen estudios paleosismológicos que den claves sobre el comportamiento de eventos pasados en la región.
Abstract
Los terremotos que han ocurrido producto de la subducción de la Placa Cocos bajo la Placa Caribe a lo largo de la región centroamaricana han tenido siempre una [...]
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Congresos y seminarios
L. Suárez

International Journal of Natural Disasters, Accidents and Civil Infrastructure (2014). Vol. 14, (1)

Abstract
Congresos y Seminarios
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Failure of steel tanks during their construction: experiments and computational modeling
R. Jaca, E. Cicerone, F. Hernández, J. Lassig, L. Godoy

International Journal of Natural Disasters, Accidents and Civil Infrastructure (2014). Vol. 14, (1)

Abstract
During the construction of steel storage oil tanks, a state of stresses under wind loads is induced which is not covered by the regulations. Cases of collapse of such structures during their construction occurred in Patagonia Argentina and elsewhere under moderate wind speeds, as reported in the literature. Previous numerical studies concentrated on the identification of the collapse mechanism, which was related to the loss of structural integrity due to discontinuity of the support in the circumferential direction. An increased knowledge of the fluid dynamic behavior under wind allows obtaining an improved input used in the subsequent numerical study. This paper provides new insight into the wind behavior of unanchored tanks that collapsed during their construction by wind tunnel tests to evaluate the flow pattern inside the tanks, which is an input for the subsequent numerical study. The structure is modeled using a general purpose finite element code, in which instability is evaluated by Linear Bifurcation Analysis (LBA) and by Geometrically Nonlinear Analysis with Imperfections (GNIA). Tests allowed identifying that an inner vortex is induced which produces a greater depression than the downwind wake in the leeward region of the tank.
Abstract
During the construction of steel storage oil tanks, a state of stresses under wind loads is induced which is not covered by the regulations. Cases of collapse of such structures [...]
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Demandas inelásticas en torres de transmisión ante viento intenso
E. Hernández, S. González

International Journal of Natural Disasters, Accidents and Civil Infrastructure (2014). Vol. 14, (1)

Abstract
En este artículo se discuten los resultados de análisis inelásticos ante carga estática monótona creciente para evaluar la capacidad y mecanismo de colapso de dos torres de transmisión sometidas a patrones de carga por viento. Los análisis inelásticos en tres dimensiones se desarrollaron en OpenSees considerando diferentes patrones de carga de reglamentos internacionales especializados. De acuerdo con los resultados, el mecanismo de colapso en las estructuras estudiadas está liderado por una falla provocada por concentración del daño con una distribución no uniforme en la altura de la respuesta inelástica y altas reservas de resistencia.
Abstract
En este artículo se discuten los resultados de análisis inelásticos ante carga estática monótona creciente para evaluar la capacidad y mecanismo de colapso de dos torres [...]
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Desarrollo de una metodología simplificada para estudios de microzonificación sísmica
A. Villarreal, L. Suárez

International Journal of Natural Disasters, Accidents and Civil Infrastructure (2014). Vol. 14, (1)

Abstract
En este artículo se presenta el desarrollo de una metodología simplificada para realizar estudios de microzonificación sísmica. La metodología se considera simplificada porque a diferencia de un proyecto de microzonificación convencional, no requiere realizar campañas de ensayos geofísicos que conllevan fondos sustanciales. La metodología propuesta se basa en el uso de capas de suelo equivalentes. Esta consiste en representar un depósito de suelo de múltiples capas mediante otro de una sola capa equivalente, usando la fórmula del periodo natural fundamental de un depósito uniforme. Las capas de suelo equivalentes se definen con información proveniente de los periodos de un mapa de isoperiodos y la velocidad de ondas S obtenida de forma indirecta de un mapa de tipos de perfil de suelo. Como caso de estudio se aplicó la metodología desarrollada a la ciudad de Mayagüez, Puerto Rico. Uno de los aportes principales del estudio es que la metodología desarrollada se puede aplicar a otras localidades donde se cuente con la información de la clasificación sísmica de los tipos de suelo y sus periodos naturales. También para la ciudad de Mayagüez se generó en una plataforma de ArcGIS© un mapa de microzonificación sísmica donde los usuarios interesados pueden acceder a los parámetros que definen el espectro de diseño sísmico de una manera interactiva.
Abstract
En este artículo se presenta el desarrollo de una metodología simplificada para realizar estudios de microzonificación sísmica. La metodología se considera simplificada [...]
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Comportamiento de la vivienda en México durante el sismo el Mayor-Cucupah del 4 de abril de 2010
A. Tena Colunga, J. Martínez, A. Bernal

International Journal of Natural Disasters, Accidents and Civil Infrastructure (2014). Vol. 14, (1)

Abstract
Según datos oficiales, durante el sismo del 4 de abril de 2010 se dañaron en México más de 3,000 viviendas, de las cuales el Fondo de Desastres Naturales (FONDEN) de México aportó recursos por 112.1 millones de pesos y el Gobierno del Estado de Baja California 82.3 millones de pesos para atender alrededor de 2,818 viviendas afectadas. En la ciudad y el Valle de Mexicali predominan las casas de uno o dos niveles como vivienda. El daño en conjuntos habitacionales de la ciudad de Mexicali fue extendido. En algunos desarrollos, más del 50% de sus viviendas se dañaron en distintos grados, desde leve hasta severos. En el Valle de Mexicali predominan dos tipos de vivienda de autoconstrucción: (1) casas de un nivel con base en muros de adobe de gran espesor, con techumbres ligeras de dos aguas con base en armaduras de madera simplemente apoyadas sobre los muros de adobe, con o sin losa de cimentación y, (2) casas de un nivel, con base en muros de mampostería de bloque hueco de concreto sin refuerzo ni confinamiento, con sistema de piso de vigueta y bovedilla o losa de concreto reforzado plana o a dos aguas, y que por lo general cuentan con una losa de concreto reforzado como cimentación. Las deficiencias o ausencia de confinamiento en los muros de la vivienda en la ciudad y el valle de Mexicali fueron notables, y en muchos casos fueron responsables de que el daño haya sido tan extendido o severo. En particular, se observó una mala práctica de confinamiento en aberturas para puertas y ventanas, así como una inadecuada preparación de los extremos de los muros (dentarlos), para que al momento del colado con castillos (elementos confinantes verticales de la mampostería fabricados con concreto reforzado) y dalas (elementos confinantes horizontales de la mampostería fabricados con concreto reforzado), trabajen como un conjunto. Por ello, es necesario difundir con mayor vigor, en todos los ámbitos de la ingeniería civil, cuáles son las prácticas correctas de confinamiento en mampostería para vivienda. Otro aspecto no menos relevante es concientizar a arquitectos e ingenieros sobre la importancia de proporcionar una densidad de muros razonable en ambas direcciones ortogonales en los proyectos de vivienda, dado que la práctica observada indica que, por requisitos arquitectónicos (iluminación, ventilación, circulación), normalmente se proporciona una densidad de muros notablemente menor en la dirección de las fachadas que en la dirección ortogonal a éstas, lo cual hace muy vulnerables a las viviendas en la dirección de las fachadas.
Abstract
Según datos oficiales, durante el sismo del 4 de abril de 2010 se dañaron en México más de 3,000 viviendas, de las cuales el Fondo de Desastres Naturales (FONDEN) de México [...]
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Desarrollo de un modelo de evaluación para edificios terminales: Aplicación al terminal a del aeropuerto internacional Luis Muñoz Marín
J. Silvestre, I. Cruzado, O. Molina

International Journal of Natural Disasters, Accidents and Civil Infrastructure (2014). Vol. 14, (1)

Abstract
Se han desarrollado un sinnúmero de metodologías para evaluar la infraestructura de los distintos elementos y sistemas de transporte utilizados, tales como intersecciones, carreteras y sistemas de transporte público. Sin embargo, no se ha adaptado una metodología estándar para la evaluación de infraestructura de aeropuertos en Puerto Rico. En el estudio llevado a cabo, se identificaron los factores y elementos necesarios para la evaluación de la infraestructura de un edificio terminal de aeropuertos. Se desarrolló un modelo de evaluación el cual consta de pesos porcentuales asignados varios factores. Uno de los edificios terminales del aeropuerto Luis Muñoz Marín fue evaluado según el modelo desarrollado. A base de los resultados obtenidos de la evaluación realizada mediante el modelo desarrollado se determinó que el terminal A del aeropuerto se encuentra trabajando a un nivel de servicio satisfactorio (C) en la escala tradicional usada en la enseñanza. Este artículo resume parte de un estudio realizado en el cual se evalúa la infraestructura del aeropuerto Internacional Luis Muñoz Marín.
Abstract
Se han desarrollado un sinnúmero de metodologías para evaluar la infraestructura de los distintos elementos y sistemas de transporte utilizados, tales como intersecciones, [...]
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Señales sintéticas de movimiento fuerte obtenidas a partir de funciones empíricas de fase
H. Jaramillo, F. Botero, W. Mina

International Journal of Natural Disasters, Accidents and Civil Infrastructure (2014). Vol. 14, (1)

Abstract
Este artículo presenta un método para generar acelerogramas sintéticos de la onda S a partir de modelos sismológicos para ser usados en aplicaciones ingenieriles, tales como la evaluación de la respuesta sísmica de suelos para estudios de microzonificación o el análisis cronológico de estructuras con cargas sísmicas. Estas señales se simularon mediante espectros empíricos de Fourier tanto de fase como de amplitudes. El objetivo fue la generación de acelerogramas sintéticos para sismos con una magnitud objetivo superior a la de los sismos utilizados como insumo (sismos semilla) mediante la metodología desarrollada en este trabajo. Esto es particularmente necesario cuando solo se tienen registros sísmicos para magnitudes inferiores a las esperadas en ambientes tectónicos específicos. El escalamiento de las señales, de una magnitud menor a una mayor, debe reflejar un incremento de las ordenadas de aceleración, en la duración del movimiento y debe representar características de la trayectoria desde la fuente al receptor; debe ser también consistente con el contenido frecuencial, que depende de la magnitud del sismo. Durante las modelaciones se pudo observar el cambio en la amplitud espectral y el desplazamiento hacia la izquierda de la frecuencia de esquina con respecto al sismo semilla en el espectro de amplitudes de Fourier. Las señales sintéticas obtenidas mediante espectros empíricos de fase se compararon con señales sintéticas simuladas con funciones empíricas de Green y con métodos estocásticos verificándose de manera general la semejanza entre los tres métodos, no tan notable en la forma de onda, pero sí en el contenido y la distribución de la energía de la señal.
Abstract
Este artículo presenta un método para generar acelerogramas sintéticos de la onda S a partir de modelos sismológicos para ser usados en aplicaciones ingenieriles, tales [...]
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Caracterización de propiedades dinámicas de puentes usando vibración ambiental y modelado numérico: Caso de estudio, puente manantiales en Baja California, México
M. Castorena, C. Huerta-Lopez, F. Barreras

International Journal of Natural Disasters, Accidents and Civil Infrastructure (2014). Vol. 14, (1)

Abstract
Se estudió el comportamiento experimental del puente Manantiales usando registros de vibración ambiental. El promedio general de la frecuencia fundamental del puente estimada experimentalmente fue de 2.94Hz mientras que usando el programa SAP2000 se obtuvo una frecuencia teórica de 2.4Hz. Calibrado el modelo teórico, se estimaron las frecuencias teóricas utilizando PSA con el 0% de amortiguamiento ante la incidencia del sismo "El Mayor Cucapah" ocurrido en 4 de abril de 2010 y se realizó un análisis comparativo entre valores experimentales y teóricos en términos de la comparación puntual y valores promedio. La razón de amortiguamiento estimada en los diferentes claros del puente varió entre 2.7% y 5.1%. El patrón del comportamiento de las deflexiones teóricas y experimentales mostró un comportamiento semejante. La frecuencia fundamental de vibración del puente y del terreno difiere por aproximadamente un factor de dos, por lo que no se espera que se presente el fenómeno de resonancia.
Abstract
Se estudió el comportamiento experimental del puente Manantiales usando registros de vibración ambiental. El promedio general de la frecuencia fundamental del puente estimada [...]
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Parámetros estadísticos de la resistencia al corte de vigas de concreto armado
J. Medina, C. Febres

International Journal of Natural Disasters, Accidents and Civil Infrastructure (2014). Vol. 14, (1)

Abstract
En este trabajo se determinan el factor de sesgo y el coeficiente de variación de las variables que gobiernan la resistencia al corte en vigas de concreto armado mediante el empleo de técnicas de simulación. Se utilizan tres técnicas de simulación a fin de establecer la técnica más adecuada para los fines que se persiguen.
Abstract
En este trabajo se determinan el factor de sesgo y el coeficiente de variación de las variables que gobiernan la resistencia al corte en vigas de concreto armado mediante [...]
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Diseño y evaluación de tapones inflables para contención de inundaciones en túneles
E. Sosa, E. Barbero, G. Thompson

International Journal of Natural Disasters, Accidents and Civil Infrastructure (2014). Vol. 14, (1)

Abstract
La protección de túneles ferroviarios y viales usados por sistemas de transporte masivo de pasajeros es de suma importancia para departamentos de transporte y autoridades de tránsito. La ocurrencia de desastres naturales o eventos provocados por el hombre pueden afectar significativamente la funcionalidad de dicha infraestructura subterránea. Eventos naturales como el paso del huracán Sandy en 2012, que produjo la inundación de siete túneles de metro y tres túneles vehiculares en la ciudad de Nueva York, han demostrado la necesidad de desarrollar métodos alternativos para mitigar las vulnerabilidades o, al menos, reducir al mínimo las consecuencias de esos eventos. Este artículo presenta parte del trabajo realizado por la Universidad de Virginia Occidental para el desarrollo de tapones inflables capaces de contener la propagación de inundaciones en túneles típicos de sistemas ferroviarios urbanos. En particular, se presenta el trabajo experimental realizado para simular a escala real el despliegue, inflado, presurización de un prototipo instalado en un simulador de inundación de túneles. El grado de adaptabilidad, o conformidad, del inflable a una sección de túnel típica, así como la estabilidad axial y el caudal de agua filtrada durante la simulación de inundación se midieron y se utilizaron como indicadores de desempeño. Los resultados experimentales demostraron la factibilidad de instalación y posterior despliegue de un tapón inflable, así como la capacidad del mismo para sellar una sección de túnel manteniendo la estabilidad axial con un nivel relativamente bajo filtración de agua que es típicamente manejable con equipos de drenaje convencional.
Abstract
La protección de túneles ferroviarios y viales usados por sistemas de transporte masivo de pasajeros es de suma importancia para departamentos de transporte y autoridades [...]
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Estudio de la factibilidad de aislamiento sísmico pendular para subestaciones encapsuladas ubicadas en terrenos blandos del valle de México
L. Rocha, J. López, C. Macías

International Journal of Natural Disasters, Accidents and Civil Infrastructure (2014). Vol. 14, (1)

Abstract
La industria eléctrica en México está construyendo actualmente subestaciones encapsuladas y transformadores de potencia, dado que es una tecnología más eficiente, económica y segura para la transformación de energía y también requiere de menor espacio. Su empleo ya es un hecho en muchas ciudades de México donde el riesgo y peligro sísmicos son bajos y pueden considerarse prácticamente despreciables. Debido a todas estas ventajas, Comisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE) estudia la posibilidad de construir varias subestaciones de este tipo en el valle de México, donde el riesgo y el peligro sísmico son altos. Las subestaciones encapsuladas están compuestas de una serie de tubos de acero de gran diámetro a presión que contienen un gas tóxico que funciona como agente aislante de los cables eléctricos que alberga. Por lo tanto, se requiere garantizar que durante un sismo intenso, la subestación esté en operación completa y que no exista el riesgo de alguna fuga del gas tóxico, especialmente en los terrenos blandos del valle de México. El empleo del aislamiento sísmico en terrenos blandos como los de la zona del lago de la ciudad de México es atípico y requiere evaluarse a cabalidad, dada la posibilidad de que puedan presentarse problemas de inestabilidad dinámica en el sistema aislador-estructura, tanto por la potencial respuesta resonante con el sitio, como por el cabeceo global o efectos de asentamientos diferenciales y/o súbitos durante sismos intensos. Se presentan los estudios realizados para evaluar la factibilidad de emplear sistemas de aislamiento de tipo pendular para el proyecto arquitectónico tentativo del edificio de subestación tipo SF6 en seis sitios del valle de México, donde se incluyeron los efectos de la interacción suelo-estructura. Conforme a lo estudiado, se concluye que aun tomando en cuenta los efectos de la interacción suelo-estructura, es viable emplear sistemas de aislamiento sísmico del tipo pendular para aislar sísmicamente de manera efectiva a las subestaciones encapsuladas de interés.
Abstract
La industria eléctrica en México está construyendo actualmente subestaciones encapsuladas y transformadores de potencia, dado que es una tecnología más eficiente, económica [...]
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La bio-construcción como una alternativa en la búsqueda de la sostenibilidad: El caso del bambú
P. Acevedo

International Journal of Natural Disasters, Accidents and Civil Infrastructure (2014). Vol. 14, (1)

Abstract
Editorial: La bio-construcción como una alternativa en la búsqueda de la sostenibilidad: El caso del bambú
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Finite element formulation for thin-walled open composite beams including the effect of flexural and torsional shear deformation
P. Vargas, E. Oñate, S. Oller

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2014). Vol. 30, (4)

Abstract
In this paper we derive the field of displacements and strains for thin-walled open composite beams with composite laminated material including in their kinematics flexural and torsional shear deformations effects. The equilibrium equations are defined through the variational formulation and show that is possible to formulate Co finite elements taking into account the torsional shear deformation. Stress-strain relationships for the cross-section of thin-walled composite beams are obtained by extending first-order laminate (FSDT: first-order shear deformation) theory and using a «free stress resultant condition at the boundary». Three different one-dimensional finite elements with Co continuity are formulated for the study of thin-walled open composite beams and they are labelled as BSW (beam with shear and warping). The influence of the integration strategy in the BSW elements is evaluated via the shear-locking phenomenon and the rate of convergence for displacements and rotations. The stiffness matrix integration is compared using exact and reduced integration methods. Examples of pure torsion and flexo-torsion in a cantilever composite beam are performed. Numerical results are compared to those reported by other authors.
Abstract
In this paper we derive the field of displacements and strains for thin-walled open composite beams with composite laminated material including in their kinematics flexural [...]
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The influence of self‐weight of elastic 2D structures in topology optimization via numerical technique Smooth Evolutionary Structural Optimization (SESO)
H. Simonetti, V. Almeida, L. Neto

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2014). Vol. 30, (4)

Abstract
This paper deals with topology optimization in plane elastic‐linear problems considering the influence of the self weight in efforts in structural elements. For this purpose it is used a numerical technique called SESO (Smooth ESO), which is based on the procedure for progressive decrease of the inefficient stiffness element contribution at lower stresses until he has no more influence. The SESO is applied with the finite element method and is utilized a triangular finite element and high order. This paper extends the technique SESO for application its self weight where the program, in computing the volume and specific weight, automatically generates a concentrated equivalent force to each node of the element. The evaluation is finalized with the definition of a model of strut‐and‐tie resulting in regions of stress concentration. Examples are presented with optimum topology structures obtaining optimal settings.
Abstract
This paper deals with topology optimization in plane elastic‐linear problems considering the influence of the self weight in efforts in structural elements. For this purpose [...]
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Hierarchical boundary element method based on the Barnes-Hut tree applied to exterior creeping flow
S. Sarraf, J. D’Elía, L. Battaglia, E. López

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2014). Vol. 30, (4)

Abstract
In this work, a hierarchical variant of a boundary element method and its use in Stokes flow around three-dimensional rigid bodies in steady regime is presented. The proposal is based on the descending hierarchical low-order and self-adaptive algorithm of Barnes-Hut, and it is used in conjunction with an indirect boundary integral formulation of second class, whose source term is a function of the undisturbed velocity. The solution field is the double layer surface density, which is modified in order to complete the eigenvalue spectrum of the integral operator. In this way, the rigid modes are eliminated and both a non-zero force and a non-null torque on the body could be calculated. The elements are low order flat triangles, and an iterative solution by generalized minimal residual (GMRES) is used. Numerical examples include cases with analytical solutions, bodies with edges and vertices, or with intricate shapes. The main advantage of the presented technique is the possibility of considering a greater number of degrees of freedom regarding traditional collocation methods, due to the decreased demand of main memory and the reduction in the computation times.
Abstract
In this work, a hierarchical variant of a boundary element method and its use in Stokes flow around three-dimensional rigid bodies in steady regime is presented. The proposal [...]
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Greens function for time-harmonic elastodynamics in a half-space with hysteretic damping
E. Puertas, R. Gallego

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2014). Vol. 30, (4)

Abstract
This paper presents an analytical solution for the steady-state response of a homogeneous three-dimensional half-space subject to a time-harmonic point load. This expresion is of great importance in the formulation of three-dimensional elastodynamic problems in a half-space by means of boundary element methods which can be employed as a Fundamental Solution. The expressions are validated comparing the results with those obtained with the boundary element method solution, where the free surface is discretized. The solution is further compared to that of a 2.5D half-space, and with experimental results available in the literature. The asymptotic behaviour of the solution is explored for different limits of the distance, frequency and wave number, and the ensuing limits are compared to existing fundamental solutions.
Abstract
This paper presents an analytical solution for the steady-state response of a homogeneous three-dimensional half-space subject to a time-harmonic point load. This expresion [...]
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Proposal and validation of a modified Simulated annealing algorithm for solving optimization problems
C. Millan, O. Carrillo, E. Romero

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2014). Vol. 30, (4)

Abstract
Over the last decades, heuristic optimization methods based on imitating natural, biological, social or cultural processes on a computational level have aroused the interest of the scientific community due to their ability to effectively explore multimodal and multidimensional solution spaces. Despite all the papers published in the international literature, most heuristic algorithms still have low precision and accuracy. In this context, a modified Simulated annealing algorithm (MSAA) is proposed and validated for solving optimization problems. Performance evaluation was performed on test functions (benchmark functions) with and without restrictions reported in the international literature and practical design problems in civil engineering. In all cases analyzed MSAA obtained equal or better results than those reported by other authors, illustrating the applicability of the proposed algorithm.
Abstract
Over the last decades, heuristic optimization methods based on imitating natural, biological, social or cultural processes on a computational level have aroused the interest [...]
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Numerical modelling of the cyclic structural behavior of slender steel members with restrained buckling
J. Medina, F. Almansa, S. Oller

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2014). Vol. 30, (4)

Abstract
This work presents a numerical model of the cyclic structural behavior of dissipative buckling-restrained braces, commonly used as an alternative to classical concentric braces for seismic protection of building frames and other structures. Such devices are usually composed of a slender steel core embedded in a stockiest casing that is intended to prevent its buckling when it is under compression. The casing is made either of mortar or steel, and a sliding interface is interposed between the core and the casing to prevent excessive shear stress transfer. The behavior of the steel core is described by a damage and plasticity model, the behavior of the mortar casing is described by an isotropic damage model and the sliding behavior of the interface is described by a contact penalty model. These 3 models are implemented in the Abaqus software package following an explicit formulation. In a previous article (published in an earthquake engineering journal) the model was briefly described, its ability to reproduce the cyclical behavior of buckling-restrained braces was preliminarily pointed out and their results were satisfactorily compared with those of experimental tests. The aim of this paper is to describe the model thoroughly and to present new judgments about its usefulness.
Abstract
This work presents a numerical model of the cyclic structural behavior of dissipative buckling-restrained braces, commonly used as an alternative to classical concentric braces [...]
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Building dynamic response due to incident wave field considering soil-structure interaction
L. Auersch, A. Romero, P. Galvín

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2014). Vol. 30, (4)

Abstract
This paper presents 2 methodologies based on the Boundary Element Method and the Finite Element Method to study soil-structure interaction effect on building behaviour. A 3-story building response induced by an incident wave field is studied using both methods. The results obtained show a good agreement. Then, a simplified model is validated from these methods and several buildings are analysed. Conclusions show that structural responses are due to floor deformation, and depend on their area, support conditions and coupling. A coupling between floors and columns when both elements have similar stiffness is also observed.
Abstract
This paper presents 2 methodologies based on the Boundary Element Method and the Finite Element Method to study soil-structure interaction effect on building behaviour. A [...]
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Determination of the sound pressure radiation from circular pistons and non-planar rings using a simplified numerical approach
J. Alba, J. Arenas, R. Rey

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2014). Vol. 30, (4)

Abstract
Although the study of the sound pressure radiation from membranes and plates is not new, current and future applications have produced a large body of recent research in the field. Several works have been published on the radiation from general plane surfaces and some particular geometries such as rectangular, circular, elliptic and annular. However, the case of sound radiation from non-planar axisymmetric rings that could be applied to the design of coaxial loudspeakers has not received much attention. In this article, a simplified numerical approach for determining the sound pressure radiated from symmetric non-planar pistons and rings is presented. The method can also include those cases having a radially-symmetric velocity distribution.
Abstract
Although the study of the sound pressure radiation from membranes and plates is not new, current and future applications have produced a large body of recent research in the [...]
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Numerical modeling of FSW welding process incorporating a parameter estimation technique
S. Pereyra, G. Lombera, S. Urquiza

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2014). Vol. 30, (3)

Abstract
Numerical models of heat transfer and fluid flow used in the simulation of the friction-stir welding (FSW) process have contributed to the understanding of the process. However, there are some input model parameters that cannot be easily determined from fundamental principles or the welding conditions. As a result, the model predictions are not always in agreement with experimental results. In this work, the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) method is used in order to perform a non-linear estimation of the unknown parameters present in the heat transfer and fluid flow models, by adjusting the temperatures results obtained with the models to temperature experimental measurements. These models are implemented in a general-purpose software that uses a numerical formulation developed from the finite element method (FEM). The unknown parameters are: the friction coefficient and the amount of adhesion of material to the surface of the tool, the heat transfer coefficient on the bottom surface and the amount of viscous dissipation converted into heat. The obtained results show an improvement in the numerical model predictions from the incorporation of parameter estimation techniques.
Abstract
Numerical models of heat transfer and fluid flow used in the simulation of the friction-stir welding (FSW) process have contributed to the understanding of the process. However, [...]
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Application of computational methods in the assessment of the aeroelastic response of cable supported bridges
F. Nieto, J. Jurado, S. Hernández, I. Kusano

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2014). Vol. 30, (2)

Abstract
The possibilities of computational methods for assessing the response of cable supported bridges under wind action are considered in this work. The main objective is to study the possibilities of substituting wind tunnel campaigns by computer based analyses, particularly at the early design stage. The preliminary proposed design for a continuous cable-stayed bridge with two main spans of 650 m and a single box girder deck has been considered as a case study. The force coefficients of the deck cross-section have been computed and the unsteady response associated to vortex-shedding has been simulated using CFD commercial software. Furthermore, an in-house piece of software has been employed to obtain the response for flutter and buffeting phenomena adopting the hybrid approach, with that purpose the experimental flutter functions of a similar box girder deck were adopted. The computational results have been validated by comparison with similar experimental results published by other researchers. It has been verified that the set of adopted methods offers reliable results with moderate costs, therefore, the proposed approach is very suitable at the early design stage of long span bridges or at conceptual design works.
Abstract
The possibilities of computational methods for assessing the response of cable supported bridges under wind action are considered in this work. The main objective is to study [...]
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On the use of Cartesian grid finite element code in structural optimization
E. Nadal, J. Ródenas, E. Sánchez-Orgaz, S. López-Real, J. Martí-Pellicer

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2014). Vol. 30, (3)
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Analysis of laminated beams using the natural neighbour radial point interpolation method
S. Moreira, J. Belinha, L. Dinis, R. Jorge

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2014). Vol. 30, (2)

Abstract
In this work, a meshless method, “natural neighbour radial point interpolation method” (NNRPIM), is applied to the one‐dimensional analysis of laminated beams, considering the theory of Timoshenko. The NNRPIM combines the mathematical concept of natural neighbours with the radial point interpolation. Voronoï diagrams allows to impose the nodal connectivity and the construction of a background mesh for integration purposes, via influence cells. The construction of the NNRPIM interpolation functions is shown, and, for this, it is used the multiquadratic radial basis function. The generated interpolation functions possess infinite continuity and the delta Kronecker property, which facilitates the enforcement of boundary conditions, since these can be directly imposed, as in the finite element method (FEM). In order to obtain the displacements and the deformation fields, it is considered the Timoshenko theory for beams under transverse efforts. Several numerical examples of isotropic beams and laminated beams are presented in order to demonstrate the convergence and accuracy of the proposed application. The results obtained are compared with analytical solutions available in the literature.
Abstract
In this work, a meshless method, “natural neighbour radial point interpolation method” (NNRPIM), is applied to the one‐dimensional analysis of laminated beams, considering [...]
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Adaptive scheme for three-dimensional convection – diffusion problems
L. Monforte, A. Pérez-Foguet

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2014). Vol. 30, (1)

Abstract
We present an adaptive scheme for three-dimensional convection-diffusion problems discretized by the Finite Element Method. The adaptive scheme is based on a remeshing strategy that applies a maximum volume constraint to the elements of a reference mesh. The remeshing can increase or decrease drastically the size of the elements in a single step automatically. With this strategy, the mesh quality does not deteriorate, as a consequence, the number of iterations required to solve the system of linear equations using iterative algorithms is kept constant. Two examples of very different characteristics are presented in order to analyze the proposal for a wide range of situations. The first is a three-dimensional extension of the Smolarkiewicz problem and the second is a simplified version of a point source pollutant transport problem. The results show the flexibility of the proposal. An optimal remeshing frequency, from a computational cost and accuracy of the results point of view, can be defined for both kinds of problems.
Abstract
We present an adaptive scheme for three-dimensional convection-diffusion problems discretized by the Finite Element Method. The adaptive scheme is based on a remeshing strategy [...]
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Numerical solution of the equations of motion of multi-story buildings with severe nonlinearities
F. López-Almansa, S. Oller

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2014). Vol. 30, (3)

Abstract
This paper presents a new algorithm for solving the equations of motion of multi-storey buildings that incorporate frictional energy dissipators as seismic protection. The behavior of the dissipators is represented by Coulomb dry friction models, they introduce severe nonlinearities in the dynamic behavior of the structure every time that the contact conditions (stick or slip) change in the dissipators. These nonlinearities complicate the resolution of the equations of motion as it usually is described by lumped masses models whose degrees of freedom are the displacements of the floors and, as the stick or slip conditions change, the degrees of freedom must be modified: for blocking conditions they are only the displacements of the storeys while under sliding conditions the displacements of the dissipators have to be also considered. In previous articles the accuracy of the proposed algorithm has been verified by comparison with experimental results, as well, the computational efficiency of the algorithm has been confirmed by comparing the required resources (in terms of computation time and of memory allocation) with those of other algorithms. The objectives of this paper are to describe in detail the numerical solution of the equations of motion and present representative examples confirming the ability of the algorithm to reproduce the dynamic behavior of buildings with friction dissipators and reporting preliminarily about the usefulness of such devices to reduce the oscillations of the structure to be protected.
Abstract
This paper presents a new algorithm for solving the equations of motion of multi-storey buildings that incorporate frictional energy dissipators as seismic protection. The [...]
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A probabilistic formulation of optimality criteria using the principle of maximum entropy
S. Hernández, J. Díaz, A. Baldomir, F. Pereira

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2014). Vol. 30, (3)

Abstract
This work reviews A. B. Templemans research in the maximum entropy principle applied to structural optimization, which consists in defining a probabilistic approach for the optimality criteria. This new reasoning does not assume aprioristically which conditions could be active in the optimum point, giving a completely rational point of view to the optimization problem. After reviewing the state of the art, a new formulation, which simplifies and improves previous methodologies, is developed. This new method turns the optimization problem into solving successively systems of equations with the same dimension as the number of design variables. Since this algorithm requires obtaining first order sensitivities, it can be considered as a new gradient method. After the theoretical description, the algorithm is tested with two examples of truss structures. Results show a good performance of the algorithm, based on comparisons with other alternatives found in the literature.
Abstract
This work reviews A. B. Templemans research in the maximum entropy principle applied to structural optimization, which consists in defining a probabilistic approach for the [...]
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Efficient geometric framework for 3D images modeling
M. Castilla, M. Ordóñez

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2014). Vol. 30, (1)

Abstract
The objective of this paper is exploring implementation of a realistic images reconstruction 3D using geometric algebra (GA). We illustrate the suitability of GA for representing structures and developing algorithms in computer graphics, especially for engineering applications as 3D images modeling. A first consequence is to propose an efficient framework model to be implemented in hardware programmable. The obtained results showed that using GA, the computations are less complex and shows as simple computations geometrical operations. The obtained model to hardware can be implemented as a next step in 3D image reconstruction. We also include the potential of GA for optimizations and highly efficient implementations.
Abstract
The objective of this paper is exploring implementation of a realistic images reconstruction 3D using geometric algebra (GA). We illustrate the suitability of GA for representing [...]
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Iber — River modelling simulation tool
E. Bladé, L. Cea, G. Corestein, E. Escolano, J. Puertas, E. Vázquez-Cendón, J. Dolz, A. Coll

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2014). Vol. 30, (1)

Abstract
The recent requirements of Spanish regulations and directives, on their turn based on European directives, have led to the development of a new two dimensional open channel flow modelling tool. The tool, named Iber, combines a hydrodynamic module, a turbulence module and a sediment transport module, and is based in the finite volume method to solve the involved equations. The simulation code has been integrated in a pre-process and post-process interface based on GiD software, developed by CIMNE. The result is a flow and sediment modelling system for rivers and estuaries that uses advanced numerical schemes, robust and stable, which are especially suitable for discontinuous flows taking place in torrential and hydrologically irregular rivers.
Abstract
The recent requirements of Spanish regulations and directives, on their turn based on European directives, have led to the development of a new two dimensional open channel [...]
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Reliability analysis of reinforced concrete structures with a methodology to account stochastic effects of material properties
A. Awruch, H. Gomes

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2014). Vol. 30, (2)

Abstract
In this paper, special emphasis is given to the inclusion of uncertainties in the evaluation of structural behaviour aiming at a better representation of the system characteristics and the quantification of the importance of these uncertainties in the project. It deals with the structural reliability analysis problem accounting the effect of spatial variability of material properties. To this end it is proposed a finite element model to represent the behaviour of reinforced concrete for short and long-term loads, which includes the main features observed in this material. It was developed a model for the generation of multidimensional non-Gaussian stochastic fields for the material properties that is independent of the finite element mesh. First, an example of a two-dimensional non-Gaussian stochastic field generation in a square steel plate is presented. Latter, the reliability analysis is performed to a limit state function based on prescribed values of mid-span displacements on a simply-supported reinforced beam. Finally, the influence of long-term effects on the reliability of a reinforced concrete beam is studied considering the effect of steel reinforcement corrosion.
Abstract
In this paper, special emphasis is given to the inclusion of uncertainties in the evaluation of structural behaviour aiming at a better representation of the system characteristics [...]
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Propagation of Rayleighs waves in cracked media
E. Olivera-Villaseñor, J. Núñez-Farfán, N. Flores-Guzmán, M. Carbajal-Romero, A. Rodríguez-Castellanos, F. Sánchez-Sesma

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2014). Vol. 30, (1)

Abstract
This work is focused on the finding of numerical results for detection and characterization of sub-surface cracks in solids under the incidence of Rayleighs elastic waves. The results are obtained from boundary integral equations, which belong to the field of dynamics of elasticity. Once applied the boundary conditions, a system of Fredholms integral equations of second kind and zero order is obtained, which is solved using Gaussian elimination. The method that is used for the solution of such integral equations is known as the Indirect Boundary Element Method, which can be seen as a derivation of the Somiglianas classic theorem. On the basis of the analysis made in the frequency domain, resonance peaks emerge and allow us to infer the presence of cracks through the spectral ratios. Several models of cracked media were analyzed, where analyses reveal the great utility that displays the use of spectral ratios to identify cracks. We studied the effects of orientation and location of cracks. The results show good agreement with the previously published.
Abstract
This work is focused on the finding of numerical results for detection and characterization of sub-surface cracks in solids under the incidence of Rayleighs elastic waves. [...]
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Automated design of prestressed concrete precast road bridges with hybrid memetic algorithms
J. Martí, V. Yepes, F. González-Vidosa, A. Luz

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2014). Vol. 30, (3)

Abstract
This paper deals with the minimum cost automatic design of precast bridge decks made of U-beams and an upper slab. It uses a hybrid memetic algorithm that combines the population search of solutions by genetic algorithms and a search by variable neighborhood. This algorithm is applied to a bridge made of two isostatic U-beams of 20-40 m of span and a width of 12 m. This example has 40 discrete variables. The evaluation module takes into account the service and ultimate limit states usually considered for these structures, i.e. flexure, shear, torsion, cracking, deflections, etc. The use of the memetic algorithm requires its previous calibration. Each of the heuristics is run 12 times, obtaining information about the minimum and average values, as well as the scatter. The parametric study showed a good correlation for the cost, the number of strands and the steel and concrete quantities with the span length. Savings have been found between 8 and 50% compared to other structures really executed. The presented procedure allows the practical application to the real design and its adaptation to the precast process.
Abstract
This paper deals with the minimum cost automatic design of precast bridge decks made of U-beams and an upper slab. It uses a hybrid memetic algorithm that combines the population [...]
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Numerical method for the holistic evaluation of the seismic risk based on the fuzzy sets theory
M. Carreño, A. Barbat, O. Cardona

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2014). Vol. 30, (1)

Abstract
The fuzzy set theory offers a bridge between the symbolic and numerical processing, allowing managing qualitative concepts useful in the decision-making process related to the seismic risk management and, in general, to the disaster risk management. Its use in the seismic risk evaluation is necessary in the cases where the data required to apply a conventional method of assessing risk are not available or are insufficient. One possible solution, considered in this article, is to replace the missing information by expert opinions and to process the resulting qualitative variables and linguistic qualifications instead of numerical values. This process is based on the fuzzy set theory. In order to achieve an effective management, the risk must be defined as the potential physical, economic, social and environmental consequences which occur due to hazards in a given period of time. From this holistic perspective and using the fuzzy set theory, the proposed numerical method calculates a level of the physical risk and level of the aggravating conditions related to social fragility and to the lack of resilience, to determine a total risk level. In the article are included two examples of application of the proposed method and the obtained results are compared with those corresponding to a conventional method of holistic evaluation.
Abstract
The fuzzy set theory offers a bridge between the symbolic and numerical processing, allowing managing qualitative concepts useful in the decision-making process related to [...]
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Torsional effects in structures on soft soil
M. Suarez, J. Avilés

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2014). Vol. 30, (3)

Abstract
In this work the torsional vibrations of structures on soft soil caused by the combined effects of structural asymmetry and base rotation are evaluated. A simplified soil-structure system with five degrees of freedom is analyzed. The foundation is considered to be embedded into a uniform layer resting on an elastic half-space, under the incidence of inclined SH waves. Instead of matching the maximum torsional moments due to the independent effects of structural asymmetry and base rotation, a new approach for computing the design eccentricity is applied. Specifically, torsional eccentricity coefficients compatible with the peak coupled lateral-torsional response are obtained, using an ensemble of narrow-band earthquake motions typical of soft-soil sites in Mexico City. It is shown that these coefficients are not constant along the principal axes, but they depend on the position of the resistant element. Hence, it is necessary to compute them without assuming a linear variation, as is done nowadays. The torsional eccentricity coefficients can significantly differ from the currently codified values, particularly for torsionally flexible structures for which both coefficients may be negative. This implies that the lateral displacement is reduced by the effects of torsion.
Abstract
In this work the torsional vibrations of structures on soft soil caused by the combined effects of structural asymmetry and base rotation are evaluated. A simplified soil-structure [...]
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Dynamic factors for underpasses in high speed train lines
J. Vega, L. Hermanns, E. Alarcón, A. Fraile

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2014). Vol. 30, (3)

Abstract
Underpasses are common in modern railway lines. Wildlife corridors and drainage conduits often fall into this category of partially buried structures. Their dynamic behavior has received far less attention than that of other structures such as bridges, but their large number makes their study an interesting challenge from the viewpoint of safety and cost savings. The bridge design rules in accordance with the Eurocode involve checks on stresses according to dynamic loading. In the case of underpasses, those checks may be as much as those for bridges. Therefore, simplified design rules may align the design effort with their cost. Such a set of rules may provide estimations of response parameters based on the key parameters influencing the result. This paper contains a proposal based on a parametric study.
Abstract
Underpasses are common in modern railway lines. Wildlife corridors and drainage conduits often fall into this category of partially buried structures. Their dynamic behavior [...]
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Optimal topology seletion for 2D structures with stress constraints via Smooth Evolutionary Structural Optimization
V. Almeida, H. Simonetti, F. Neves

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2014). Vol. 30, (2)

Abstract
This paper approaches the topology optimization problems in plane linear elasticity considering the minimization of the volume with restriction of the stress employing an index of performance for monitoring the meeting of the optimum region. It is used for this purpose the classical evolutionary structural optimization, or ESO ‐ evolutionary structural optimization. This procedure is based on systematic and gradual removal of the elements with lower stress compared with the maximum stress of the structure. This procedure also known as a process “hard‐kill”. It is proposed a variant of the ESO method, called SESO ‐ Smoothing ESO, which is based on the philosophy that if an element is not really necessary for the structure, its contribution to the structural stiffness will gradually diminish until it has no longer influence in the structure, so its removal is performed smoothly. That is, their removal is done smoothly, reducing the values of the constitutive matrix of the element as if it were in the process of damage. A new performance index for the monitoring of this evolutionary process smoothed is proposed herein. The applications of ESO and SESO are made with the finite element method, but considering a high order triangular element based on the free formulation. Finally, it is implemented a spatial filter in terms of stress control, which was associated with SESO technique proved to be very stable and efficient in eliminating the formation of the checkerboard.
Abstract
This paper approaches the topology optimization problems in plane linear elasticity considering the minimization of the volume with restriction of the stress employing an [...]
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Development of a global optimization algorithm in ant colonies with feasible region selection for continuous search spaces
J. Fernández-Vargas, A. Bonilla-Petriciolet

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2014). Vol. 30, (3)

Abstract
This study introduces a new algorithm for the ant colony optimization (ACO) method, which has been proposed to solve global optimization problems with continuous decision variables. This algorithm, namely ACO-FRS, involves a strategy for the selection of feasible regions during optimization search and it performs the exploration of the search space using a similar approach to that used by the ants during the search of food. Four variants of this algorithm have been tested in several benchmark problems and the results of this study have been compared with those reported in literature for other ACO-type methods for continuous spaces. Overall, the results show that the incorporation of the selection of feasible regions allows the performing of a global search to explore those regions with low level of pheromone, thus increasing the feasibility of ACO for finding the global optimal solution.
Abstract
This study introduces a new algorithm for the ant colony optimization (ACO) method, which has been proposed to solve global optimization problems with continuous decision [...]
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