Documents published in 2014 : Scipedia

Internet as a Haven and Social Shield. Problematic Uses of the Network by Young Spaniards
F. Gomes-Franco Silva, J. Sendín Gutiérrez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2014). Vol. 22, (2), 30

Abstract
Universal access to the Internet among young people has been accompanied by new opportunities associated with online developments and practices, but the problematic use of the digital environment also involves threats. In the current scientific literature, there is no clear consensus on the definition of the behaviors that could arise from inappropriate use of the Web, which, as an attempt, is defined with the term addiction. This article combines a qualitative-quantitative approach, based on a competitive national research project, aiming to identify the main threats posed by digital immersion of Spanish youth between 12 and 17 years old. On the one hand, results obtained from this research confirm the discomfort experienced by young people when they have to be offline during a certain period of time, especially in those intensive users of social networks. On the other hand, it has been shown how damaged or conflicting family relationships lead individuals from 15 years old to spend more time connected to the Internet in an attempt to supplement or protest against their family interactions. This study confirms several trends already mentioned in the specialized literature, and presents new findings that suggest possible future lines of investigation on early detection of cyberpathologies.
Abstract
Universal access to the Internet among young people has been accompanied by new opportunities associated with online developments and practices, but the problematic use of [...]
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Engaged Youth in Internet. The Role of Social Networks in Social Active Participation
M. García Galera, M. del Hoyo Hurtado, C. Fernández Muñoz

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2014). Vol. 22, (2), 29

Abstract
This paper contributes to the analysis of the role that social networks play in civic, social mobilization and solidarity of Spanish young people, considering whether social networks are responsible for active social commitment off-line or if they just intensify an existing or previous tendency towards social participation. This research was undertaken by on-line questionnaire –Likert scale and multiple choice questions– in collaboration with the Spanish social network Tuenti where more than 1,300 young people took part. The results show significant percentages of participation exclusively on-line although there were more than 80% of young people, in a way or another, involved in actions to which they were called by social networks. The study analyzes the forms of participation in solidarity actions and the influence of factors such as geographical, social or emotional proximity to causes on the degree of participation on-line and off-line. The article shows that social networks have changed the meaning of participation. They are encouraging young people not mobilized away from social networks, to take action, so it proposes in its conclusions the need to overcome the dichotomy that opposes on-line and off-line activism and passivity.
Abstract
This paper contributes to the analysis of the role that social networks play in civic, social mobilization and solidarity of Spanish young people, considering whether social [...]
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Online and Mobilized Students: The Use of Facebook in the Chilean Student Protests
C. Cabalín Quijada

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2014). Vol. 22, (2), 28

Abstract
Considering the relationship between new social media and youth political actions, the purpose of this article is to describe the use of Facebook during the 2011 Chilean student movement, through a content and textual analysis of Facebook’s page of the Student Federation of the University of Chile (FECH). In 2011, Chile experienced massive mobilizations for seven months. These were perhaps the most important social protests in Chile's recent history, where young people played a leading role in the discussion over education. During these events, Facebook was one of the digital social networks most widely used by the mobilized organizations. In FECH’s case, it utilized Facebook mainly to call for protest actions, to highlight the achievements of the movement, and to indicate their opponents. However, most of the content published on this Facebook page was produced by traditional media, demonstrating that conventional communication strategies of social movements are interrelated with new innovative practices. Therefore, this article rejects technological determinism, because it does not recognize the complex characteristics of student and youth movements.
Abstract
Considering the relationship between new social media and youth political actions, the purpose of this article is to describe the use of Facebook during the 2011 Chilean student [...]
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Media Literacy Education for a New Prosumer Citizenship
R. García Ruiz, A. Ramírez García, M. Rodríguez Rosell

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2014). Vol. 22, (2), 27

Abstract
Access to technology and the Internet is having a positive impact on all levels, personal, family, professional and social. However, the influence of the media has not been accompanied by the promotion of media literacy. The development of the media skill among citizens, especially young people and children, in order to exercise a critical and active role in relation to the media, is a key development in this society of «media prosumers». This paper discusses the results of a research project at state level, surveying a sample of 2.143 students from Kindergarten, Primary and Secondary School, in this study using a questionnaire ad hoc online. The objetive of the research project is to identify levels of media literacy amongst children and adolescents. It can be seen that a significant portion of the sample is proficient in the media, at an acceptable level. However, and despite belonging to the generation of socalled «digital natives» the sample does not possess the skills necessary to practice as a «media prosumers». We conclude the work highlighting the necessity of complementing the digital competence established in the school curriculum with media literacy as a key element into developing a «prosumer culture». This would resolve the convergence of an urgent need to improve the training of young audiences as responsible citizens capable of consuming and producing media messages in a free, responsible, critical and creative way.
Abstract
Access to technology and the Internet is having a positive impact on all levels, personal, family, professional and social. However, the influence of the media has not been [...]
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Media Prosumers. Participatory Culture of Audiences and Media Responsability
M. García Galera, A. Valdivia

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2014). Vol. 22, (2), 26
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Research as a strategy for training educommunicators: Master and Doctorate
J. Aguaded Gómez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2014). Vol. 22, (2), 25
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Teaching Media Literacy in Colleges of Education and Communication
L. López Romero, M. Aguaded Gómez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (1), 20

Abstract
This work is part of an I+D project involving thirteen Spanish universities in which needs and wants in the field of media education in higher education are studied in the areas of Communication (Communication Studies, Journalism and Advertising) and Education (Teaching, Pedagogy, Psychology and Social Education). The objective of this study focuses on analysing the college textbooks directly related to Media Education most used in Education and Communication,. The report has been developed based on six educational competence dimensions: language, technology, interaction processes, production and distribution processes, ideology and values and aesthetics. Using each of these parameters the scope of the analysis and the scope of the expression were taken into account, based on guidelines set by Ferrés and Piscitelli in their well-known proposal of indicators for defining new media competence and which is structured around two areas of work: the production of own messages and interaction with others. The results were obtained by applying a quantitative methodology through a content analysis of semantic fields. The main conclusions point to a greater presence of the «Ideology and Values» dimension, and almost non-existent representation of the «Aesthetics» indicator.
Abstract
This work is part of an I+D project involving thirteen Spanish universities in which needs and wants in the field of media education in higher education are studied in the [...]
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Categorization, Item Selection and Implementation of an Online Digital Literacy Test as Media Literacy Indicator
J. Dornaleteche Ruiz, A. Buitrago Alonso, L. Moreno Cardenal

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (1), 19

Abstract
This paper aims to measure a population’s level of knowledge and active use of certain digital tools that play a primary role in developing their media literacy. To achieve it, an Online Digital Literacy test was designed to measure the knowledge and active usage of 45 different online software packages. This tool works as a reliable indicator to identify a population’s media literacy development in terms of its linguistic and technological dimensions. More than 1,500 subjects of different gender, age and level of studies were tested in different cities within the autonomous community of Castilla and León in Spain, to measure their competence using these tools. The resulting data has enabled the identification of the level differences between age groups and gender and to formulate proposals in respect of digital literacy to enhance the public’s competence in terms of media education. The general results indicate that people’s Online Digital Literacy level is lower than ideal and that there is a level divide in relation to gender and age and that the average user has a social and recreational profile as a consumer of pre-existing content on the Internet rather than as manager, instigator or creator of his or her own content. This paper’s conclusions therefore raise awareness of these deficiencies and encourage academic institutions to design specific digital literacy educational programmes to help citizens become media empowered.
Abstract
This paper aims to measure a population’s level of knowledge and active use of certain digital tools that play a primary role in developing their media literacy. To achieve [...]
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Influence of Placement on Explicit and Implicit Memory of College Students
L. Valenzuela Fernández, C. Martínez Troncoso, F. Yáñez Wieland

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (1), 18

Abstract
The use of product placement as a marketing communication tool is based on the inclusion of products or brands in the scene where the action is. The use of this tool has benefits for both the producer of the movie, as well as for brands and / or products. There is currently no consensus in the academic world on how to measure the effectiveness of this communication tool. There is scarce scientific evidence in Latin America, and in Chile this format has been used in television programs, and only recently in movies. The objective of this research is to study the influence of placement in movies on explicit memory (unaided recall and brand awareness) and implicit memory (purchase intention) through the implementation of an experiment performed on a sample of 205 Chilean college students, according to the different types of placement in movies: brands as part of the background, used by a main character, and connected with the plot. The results indicate that the higher the degree of integration of the brand with the plot of the film, the higher the probability of stimulating the explicit memory of participants and thereby unaided recall and brand awareness, providing empirical evidence regarding the learning of consumer behavior through placement as a communication tool.
Abstract
The use of product placement as a marketing communication tool is based on the inclusion of products or brands in the scene where the action is. The use of this tool has benefits [...]
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Cyberbullying trough Mobile Phone and the Internet in Dating Relationships among Youth People
M. Durán Segura, R. Martínez Pecino

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (1), 17

Abstract
Cyberbullying is a phenomenon that has been extensively analysed amongst adolescents. However, in Spain, there have been few studies of young adults and particularly of their romantic relationships in the digital context. This study analyses cyberbullying in romantic relationships in mobile and digital exchanges between partners, in a sample comprising 336 students using quantitative methodology. The results show that 57,2% of the sample admit to having been victimised by their partner by mobile phone and 27,4% via the Internet. The percentage of victimised males was higher than that of females. 47,6% affirmed that they had bullied their partner by mobile phone and 14% over the Internet. The percentage of males who did so was higher than that of females. The regression analyses showed correlation between having been victimised by a partner via one of these media and having experienced cyberbulling in other by means of the same technological medium. The effects of this interaction highlight that males victimised through the use of mobile phones or the Internet are involved, to a greater extent than victimised females, as the perpetrators in this phenomenon. The results suggest modernisation in the types of violence that young adults experience in their relationships.
Abstract
Cyberbullying is a phenomenon that has been extensively analysed amongst adolescents. However, in Spain, there have been few studies of young adults and particularly of their [...]
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The Undesired Effects of Digital Communication on Moral Response
I. Arroyo Almaraz, R. Gómez Díaz

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (1), 16

Abstract
The current paper is based on the hypothesis that communication through the new digital technologies modifies the moral response of users, and therefore reduces social capital. This approach has been contrasted by designing and conducting an experiment (N=196) using our own adaptation of the Spanish version of the Defining Issues Test on subjects who have been socialized by Internet and who constitute the representative samples of this study. This test on paper was adapted to our research following an expert validation procedure and then transferred onto two types of digital audiovisual formats. Finally, The use of digital communication technologies and students’ fluid intelligence response were evaluated in order to establish whether their response was significant and if it modified moral response. The results confirm the hypothesis and show that the quality of moral response decreases when digital technologies are used instead of pencil and paper. This difference is greater when virtual images of people designed by animation are used rather than visual images of real people. In addition, the results show that fluid intelligence mitigates these modifications.
Abstract
The current paper is based on the hypothesis that communication through the new digital technologies modifies the moral response of users, and therefore reduces social capital. [...]
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ARG (Alternate Reality Games). Contributions, Limitations, and Potentialities to the Service of the Teaching at the University Level
T. Piñeiro Otero, C. Costa Sánchez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (1), 15

Abstract
Education’s gamification has represented an opportunity to boost students’ interaction, motivation and participation. ARG (Alternate Reality Games) offer a new highly immersive tool that can be implemented in educational achievements. One of the strongest points of these immersive games is based on applying the sum of students participating efforts and resources (so called collective intelligence) for problem resolution. In addition, ARG combine online and offline platforms a factor that improves the realism on the game experience. In this regard, this present work aims to summarise ARG potentialities, limitations and challenges of these immersive games in higher and further education context. In terms of methodology, this research draws from an appropriate theoretical corpus and, analyses the educational potential of AGR that, in fields like marketing or corporate communication, has already started successfully, but it has still not been studied in depth in education. This study compiles, also, best practices developed in several subjects and academic degrees all around the world and not easily traceable. It concludes that, given the antecedents, potentialities and the exposed analysis, the possibility of incorporating alternate reality games into the university teaching practice in the frame of an educational strategy that determines its aims and more suitable system of evaluation, has to be considered.
Abstract
Education’s gamification has represented an opportunity to boost students’ interaction, motivation and participation. ARG (Alternate Reality Games) offer a new highly [...]
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Forms of Media Convergence and Multimedia Content – A Romanian Perspective
G. Drula

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (1), 14

Abstract
This paper addresses two types of technological media convergence: media convergence based on mobile technology, and also convergence based on the unification between IT and media industry. These forms are influenced by the multimedia aspects of the content. The research interest in this study is related to media landscape in Romania and its state. Even if many academics and practitioners consider media convergence only at the content level from journalistic perspective, this topic has many more detail aspects and trends. Thus, media convergence in terms of content can be now interpreted together with the user’s content and takes into consideration the unification between paid, owned, shared and earned content. This paper proposes a theoretical and practical perspective for the relationship between convergence and multimedia for online media products. This perspective belongs both to media producers and to online consumers of information. The paper is interesting in that it reveals the challenges facing the media industries, and shows approaches of convergence that are related to multimedia for media products. The methodological framework uses the content analysis and the hierarchical cluster analysis to discover different forms of convergence in online media. The main conclusion of this study shows that due to various technologies and their partnerships, convergence can be directed both from the users to the media industry, and conversely.
Abstract
This paper addresses two types of technological media convergence: media convergence based on mobile technology, and also convergence based on the unification between IT and [...]
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Young Learners’ Objectives Related to Multimedia Use and Homework Completion
E. Ongun, A. Demirag

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (1), 13

Abstract
Individuals of all ages are inevitably affected by today’s technology. The main purpose of this study is to explore the objectives of 8th grade students related to the utilization of multimedia instruments ranging from personal computers to the Internet use while they are doing their homework. Specifically, it tries to find out whether there is a significant relationship between «for what purposes 8th graders use multimedia tools» and «which personal traits are reinforced while doing homework with multimedia tools?», where gender differences were also taken into consideration in the analysis of the related items in the questionnaire form. The population of the study is made up of 435 students who were randomly selected from five secondary schools in the city of Istanbul, Turkey. As a data collection method, a questionnaire form with a set of related research questions was used. Findings from the study show that 8th graders in their use of multimedia platforms are provided with a more interactive and independent learning environment where they can find more learning aids while accomplishing their homework objectives. Gender-based evidence from the study shows that digitally, male students are more active and they exploit the fun side of homework more compared to their female counterparts.
Abstract
Individuals of all ages are inevitably affected by today’s technology. The main purpose of this study is to explore the objectives of 8th grade students related to the utilization [...]
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Internet Use Habits and Risk Behaviours in Preadolescence
J. Fernández Montalvo, M. Peñalva Vélez, I. Irazabal

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (1), 12

Abstract
A striking increase in the use of new information and communication technology has come about in recent years. This study analysed the characteristics and habits of Internet use in a sample of pre-adolescents between 10 and 13 years of age, enrolled in the 6th grade of primary school in Navarra (Spain). Likewise, the existence of differential patterns in Internet use by sex was analysed, and risk behaviours were detected. The sample was composed of 364 students (206 boys and 158 girls) who were evaluated at their schools. Information about socio-demographic characteristics, Internet use habits, and online behaviours was collected using a data-gathering tool specifically designed for the study. The results demonstrated high Internet use by the adolescents studied. Girls used the Internet more for social relationships, whereas boys tended to use it differently, including accessing online games. Moreover, some risky behaviours were found, including interactions with strangers, giving out personal information, and sending photos and videos. Likewise, behaviours associated with «cyber-bullying» were detected. These results indicate the necessity of establishing prevention programs for safe and responsible Internet use.
Abstract
A striking increase in the use of new information and communication technology has come about in recent years. This study analysed the characteristics and habits of Internet [...]
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Academic Plagiarism among Secondary and High School Students: Differences in Gender and Procrastination
J. Sureda Negre, R. Comas Forgas, M. Oliver Trobat

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (1), 11

Abstract
This paper analyses the phenomenon of academic plagiarism among students enrolled in Secondary Education and High School. It is a subject poorly studied at pre-university level and very scantily discussed in the Spanish-speaking context. It investigates the frequency of committing plagiarism and the relationship between gender and procrastination and such practices. A questionnaire was administered to a representative sample (n=2,794). The results show that plagiarism is certainly present and widespread in the secondary classrooms. Furthermore, it shows that men have significantly higher levels of perpetration than women and than students who tend to leave the tasks until the last moment are more likely to plagiarize. The fruits of this research suggest the need to take into serious consideration the magnitude and severity of the problem identified; secondary schools should urgently plan and undertake measures in order to reduce and prevent the commission of this type of academic fraud. Secondly, results are useful to give clear guidance to teachers about the need for them to follow up and apply an effective control of the writing process of academic essays and tasks by students. Improving IT and library competences of the students has been identified as one of the main strategies needed to effectively address the problem.
Abstract
This paper analyses the phenomenon of academic plagiarism among students enrolled in Secondary Education and High School. It is a subject poorly studied at pre-university [...]
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Are MOOCs Promising Learning Environments?
A. Bartolomé Pina, K. Steffens

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (1), 10

Abstract
This article reflect upon MOOCs as technology enhanced learning environments. The increase in numbers of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) has been dramatic in recent years. MOOCs may be considered to be a new form of virtual technology enhanced learning environments. Two types of MOOCs may be distinguished: cMOOCs as proposed by Siemens, based on his ideas of connectivism, and xMOOCs developed in institutions such as Stanford and MIT. Although they have received a great deal of attention, they have also met with criticism. The time has therefore come to critically reflect upon this phenomenon. While there is still relatively little empirical research on the effects of MOOCs on learning, this study tries to shed light on the issue from a theoretical point of view. It will first explore positive and negative expectations regarding MOOCs. MOOCs might constitute a good option if they can be delivered on a large scale, and this will only be possible for a few big institutions. There is no empirical research which would uphold the claims concerning their positive effects. It will then review classical and more recent learning theories with respect to their capability to explain the process of learning in order to compare traditional online courses, xMOOC and cMOOC with respect to their potential to support learning and its self-regulation.
Abstract
This article reflect upon MOOCs as technology enhanced learning environments. The increase in numbers of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) has been dramatic in recent years. [...]
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Evaluation of Digital Didactic Skills in Massive Open Online Courses: a Contribution to the Latin American Movement
E. Hernández Carranza, S. Romero Corella, M. Ramírez Montoya

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (1), 9

Abstract
The aim of this article is to present an evaluation of digital teaching skills in a project funded by the National Distance Education System (SINED) in Mexico conducted on a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) which was designed to develop competences in teachers in the distance learning or classroom setting for the integration of open educational resources (OER). The course was conducted by the Regional Open Latin American Community for Social and Educational Research (Clarise), and posed the question: how are distance learning didactic competences using OER developed? The aim was to identify and evaluate how OER were used and the form they took throughout the stages of the open education movement. The study deployed a mixed methodology with instruments such as emailed questionnaires for the MOOC participants, viewing screens in the discussion forums and anecdotal evidence. The results show that MOOC participants were able to develop digital teaching skills, identify how to use OER and how the training process occurs in the open education movement. Constraints to the development of these skills were also seen in the acculturation in the open education movement, as well as limitations on the design of distance learning models that promote these skills and the recognition of informal learning.
Abstract
The aim of this article is to present an evaluation of digital teaching skills in a project funded by the National Distance Education System (SINED) in Mexico conducted on [...]
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Analysis and Implications of the Impact of MOOC Movement in the Scientific Community: JCR and Scopus (2010-13)
E. López Meneses, E. Vázquez Cano, P. Román Graván

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (1), 8

Abstract
The emergence of massive open online course (MOOCs) has been a turning point for the academic world and, especially, in the design and provision of training courses in Higher Education. Now that the first moments of the information explosion have passed, a rigorous analysis of the effect of the movement in high-impact scientific world is needed in order to assess the state of the art and future lines of research. This study analyzes the impact of the MOOC movement in the form of scientific article during the birth and explosion period (2010-2013) in two of the most relevant databases: Journal Citation Reports (WoS) and Scopus (Scimago). We present, through a descriptive and quantitative methodology, the most significant bibliometric data according to citation index and database impact. Furthermore, with the use of a methodology based on social network analysis (SNA), an analysis of the article’s keyword co-occurrence is presented through graphs to determine the fields of study and research. The results show that both the number of articles published and the citations received in both databases present a medium-low significant impact, and the conceptual network of relationships in the abstracts and keywords does not reflect the current analysis developed in general educational media.
Abstract
The emergence of massive open online course (MOOCs) has been a turning point for the academic world and, especially, in the design and provision of training courses in Higher [...]
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A Digital Repository of Filmic Content as a Teaching Resource
M. Tobías Martínez, M. Duarte Freitas, A. Kemczinski

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (1), 7

Abstract
The use of video as a teaching resource stimulates the construction of new knowledge. Although this resource exists in several genres and media, the experience of professionals that use this resource in class is not appreciated. Furthermore, online spaces guiding and supporting the appropriate use of this practice are unavailable. In the online learning field, a proposal has emerged for a repository of short videos aimed at instructing how to use them as a teaching resource in order to stimulate the exchange of ideas and experience (fostering and creating knowledge) in the teaching-learning process, which serves as a resource for professionals in the construction of MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses). A three-stage architecture is methodologically proposed: identification/recognition, dissemination and collaboration in the use of videos as a teaching resource supported by an extensive exploratory research, based on existing educational technologies and technological trends for higher education. And this leads to the creation of a repository of Informational Content Recovery in Videos (RECIF), a virtual space for the exchange of experience through videos. We conclude that through methodologies that facilitate the development of innovative processes and products, it is possible to create spaces for virtual or face-to-face motivational classes (MOOCs) thereby completing an interactive and collaborative learning toward stimulation of creativity and dynamism.
Abstract
The use of video as a teaching resource stimulates the construction of new knowledge. Although this resource exists in several genres and media, the experience of professionals [...]
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Usability and Satisfaction in Multimedia Annotation Tools for MOOCs
J. Monedero Moya, D. Cebrián Robles, P. Desenne

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (1), 6

Abstract
The worldwide boom in digital video may be one of the reasons behind the exponential growth of MOOCs. The evaluation of a MOOC requires a great degree of multimedia and collaborative interaction. Given that videos are one of the main elements in these courses, it would be interesting to work on innovations that would allow users to interact with multimedia and collaborative activities within the videos. This paper is part of a collaboration project whose main objective is «to design and develop multimedia annotation tools to improve user interaction with contents». This paper will discuss the assessment of two tools: Collaborative Annotation Tool (CaTool) and Open Video Annotation (OVA). The latter was developed by the aforementioned project and integrated into the edX MOOC. The project spanned two academic years (2012-2014) and the assessment tools were tested on different groups in the Faculty of Education, with responses from a total of 180 students. Data obtained from both tools were compared by using average contrasts. Results showed significant differences in favour of the second tool (OVA). The project concludes with a useful video annotation tool, whose design was approved by users, and which is also a quick and user-friendly instrument to evaluate any software or MOOC. A comprehensive review of video annotation tools was also carried out at the end of the project.
Abstract
The worldwide boom in digital video may be one of the reasons behind the exponential growth of MOOCs. The evaluation of a MOOC requires a great degree of multimedia and collaborative [...]
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Annotations and the Ancient Greek Hero: Past, Present, and Future
L. Muellner

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (1), 5

Abstract
Evidence for annotating Homeric poetry in Ancient Greece is as old as the 5th Century BCE, when the «Iliad» and «Odyssey» were performed by professional singers/composers who also performed annotations to the poetry in answer to questions from their audiences. As the long transition from a song culture into a literate society took place in Ancient Greece from the 8th to the 2nd and 1st centuries BCE, annotations were gradually incorporated into written poetic texts. By the 10th Century CE, the quantity of written annotations in the margins of medieval manuscripts has become huge. For the first two versions of «The Ancient Hero», a HarvardX MOOC, it was not possible to implement the set of annotation tools that we requested as a vehicle for close reading and assessment. Using a partial system, we were able to create a semblance of annotations in close reading self-assessment exercises. For the anticipated third version, we expect to have a complete set of textual and video annotation tools developed for HarvardX, including semantic tagging and full sharing of annotations. Such a system, which promises to make the educational experience more effective, will also inaugurate a digital phase in the long history of Homeric annotation.
Abstract
Evidence for annotating Homeric poetry in Ancient Greece is as old as the 5th Century BCE, when the «Iliad» and «Odyssey» were performed by professional singers/composers [...]
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Challenges in the Creation, Development and Implementation of MOOCs: Web Science Course at the University of Southampton
M. Sánchez Vera, M. León Urrutia, H. Davis

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (1), 4

Abstract
Massive is one of the distinctive features of MOOCs which differentiate them from other e-learning experiences. This massiveness entails certain possibilities, but also some challenges that must be taken into consideration when designing and implementing a Massive Open Online Course, in relation to context, work progress, learning activities, assessment, and feedback. This document presents an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the massive aspect of MOOCs, and specifically it narrates the experience of creating a MOOC on Web Science, developed at the University of Southampton (United Kingdom) using the new FutureLearn platform, in autumn 2013. In this document, the importance of Web Science as an emerging field is analyzed and its origins explored. The experience gained from the decisions and the work progress developed for the creation and implementation of a specific MOOC is also shared here. The final section of the paper analyses some data from the MOOC in Web Science, including the participation index, the comments and interactions of some participants, tools used, and the organization of facilitation. Challenges involved in running a MOOC related to course design, platform use and course facilitation are also discussed.
Abstract
Massive is one of the distinctive features of MOOCs which differentiate them from other e-learning experiences. This massiveness entails certain possibilities, but also some [...]
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A Study on the Pedagogical Components of Massive Online Courses
M. Raposo Rivas, E. Martínez Figueira, J. Sarmiento Campos

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (1), 3

Abstract
At the end of the first decade of the 21st century, the rapid growth in the MOOC offering brought about a new educational landscape, posing new challenges to teaching and learning, mainly due to massive participation, ubiquity and free enrollment. These courses embody a confluence of technological and pedagogical mediations yet to be fully explored. This study, applying an instrument of educational and interactive indicators on a MOOC (INdiMOOC-EdI) designed by the authors, seeks to ascertain the pedagogical components of MOOCs delivered in the Spanish language in order to establish which course features are platform dependent. An exploratory sequential mixed methods study was carried out on a total of 117 courses within 10 different platforms via an instrument developed and validated ad hoc. The data obtained is subjected to a content analysis for a qualitative perspective; while a quantitative perspective is obtained through a statistical analysis complemented with classification algorithms typical in data mining. The results suggest that the different platform providers condition the pedagogical design of the MOOC in five key areas: learning, activities and tasks, means and resources, interactivity and assessment. It concludes with a series of descriptive, educational and interactive indicators that can be a pedagogical benchmark for future MOOCs.
Abstract
At the end of the first decade of the 21st century, the rapid growth in the MOOC offering brought about a new educational landscape, posing new challenges to teaching and [...]
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Design, Motivation and Performance in a Cooperative MOOC Course
C. Castaño Garrido, I. Maiz Olazabalaga, U. Garay Ruiz

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (1), 2

Abstract
Los cursos MOOC se han entendido como la última evolución del aprendizaje en red, y desde su nacimiento en 2008 se han puesto en práctica en un buen número de universidades. A pesar del éxito social de estas propuestas, tanto el diseño del aprendizaje como la eficacia de sus resultados han sido puestos en duda. Actualmente la mayoría de las publicaciones se centran más en discutir su potencial para ofrecer educación de calidad en todo el mundo a gran escala que en la medición rigurosa de los resultados de aprendizaje. El presente trabajo muestra los resultados de una investigación centrada en el diseño pedagógico de un curso MOOC cooperativo y su influencia en la motivación y en los resultados académicos obtenidos. El diseño se ha validado a través de un estudio Delphi y la variable «motivación» se ha controlado a través de un instrumento estandarizado (Instructional Materials Motivation Survey, IMMS). El rendimiento académico se ha evaluado a través de evidencias de aprendizaje. Se defiende que el diseño, definido por una utilización intensiva de redes sociales y realización de actividades por parte de los estudiantes en sus Entornos Personales de Aprendizaje, influye en el rendimiento, y es la satisfacción con la percepción del diseño la variable que media en dicha relación. Los resultados académicos obtenidos y la motivación de los estudiantes avalan la utilización de cursos MOOC cooperativos en estudios universitarios.
Abstract
Los cursos MOOC se han entendido como la última evolución del aprendizaje en red, y desde su nacimiento en 2008 se han puesto en práctica en un buen número de universidades. [...]
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Literature and Practice: A Critical Review of MOOCs
A. Chiappe Laverde, N. Hine, J. Martínez Silva

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2015). Vol. 23, (1), 1

Abstract
This article focuses on a review of both literature and practical experiences concerning MOOCs. The literature analyzed was published in peer-reviewed journals between 2007 and 2013. 268 items were selected for this study, of which 100 were analyzed in detail. The issues raised by this analysis were used as the criteria for the analysis of 10 current empirical MOOC experiences. The literature study highlighted the rapid growth in interest in understanding MOOCs and seeking to understand the pedagogic frameworks most relevant to their adoption and the importance of the concept of openness embodied within them. More recently a new emphasis has been emerging where institutional factors, particularly those concerned with financial viability, certification and retention have been highlighted. The analysis of current practice showed that many of the concerns in the academic literature were absent from not only the practices embodied in current MOOC-based learning experiences but seem to have been ignored in the conceptual phase of implementing a MOOC-based teaching model. In practice therefore, most of the current MOOC offer is only a pale reflection of the conceptualization that gave them rise and has been shown to be significant in the literature. In particular the true essence encapsulated in the concept described as Openness has been largely lost in practice.
Abstract
This article focuses on a review of both literature and practical experiences concerning MOOCs. The literature analyzed was published in peer-reviewed journals between 2007 [...]
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The Universal Character of La vida es sueño in the Context of Paul Ricoeur’s triple mimesis
M. Turu Tarré

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 5

Abstract
The universality of La vida es sueño, a unique work within calderonian writing, is studied in this paper under the parameter of the Aristotelian concepts of mimesis and catharsis. Paul Ricoeur’s reading of Poetics in his proposed «triple mimesis» provides tools to analyze the communicative potential of the work. The pre-configuration of the plot from theological debate in its historical context, and its refiguration in certain contemporary determinism such as psychoanalysis, explain the ability of La vida es sueño to enter into dialogue with the most different times stating humanity’s free will.
Abstract
The universality of La vida es sueño, a unique work within calderonian writing, is studied in this paper under the parameter of the Aristotelian concepts of mimesis and catharsis. [...]
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The Bleeder and the Lady’s Beard: on the Origin and Sense of a Joke made by Coquín in El médico de su honra
A. Sánchez Jiménez

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 8

Abstract
Even though the experts on Calderón do agree that Coquín, a character of El médico de su honra, is an unsuccessfully comical character drowned by the tragic atmosphere of the play, our analysis of the character’s jokes, especially the one about the lady’s beard, reveals that this is only true with respect to the last part of the play. Concerning the rest, Coquín is an extremely funny character, especially in his challenge with don Pedro de Castilla and the already mentioned joke, as is shown throughout the satirical context of the lady’s beard that we reveal, including a probable source of the joke in Lope de Vega’s Rimas de Tomé de Burguillos (1634).
Abstract
Even though the experts on Calderón do agree that Coquín, a character of El médico de su honra, is an unsuccessfully comical character drowned by the tragic atmosphere [...]
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The Cult of the Virgin of Copacabana in Spain and the Date of Composition of La aurora en Copacabana
J. Gutiérrez Meza

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 17

Abstract
This article analyses the possible connection of La aurora en Copacabana by Calderón with the expansion of the cult of the Virgin of Copacabana in Spain, initiated by Miguel de Aguirre. This Augustinian monk arrived in Madrid in 1650, and throughout his life he placed various images of the American Virgin in Spain and Italy, as well as commissioned devotional books dedicated to spreading her history. In conclusion, it is proposed to date the composition of the play between 1664 and 1665.
Abstract
This article analyses the possible connection of La aurora en Copacabana by Calderón with the expansion of the cult of the Virgin of Copacabana in Spain, initiated by Miguel [...]
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Calderón, a Hidden Source of Borges’ Poetry?
R. Arana, M. Caballero

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 12

Abstract
The authors of this paper attempt to uncover a possible relationship between Calderón de la Barca and Borges, based on the hypothetical question whether or not the argentine writer read Calderon’s plays. They analyze two key concepts in both writers: the phrase «La vida es sueño» and the problem of free will, describing the different visions of Calderón and Borges. It all ends with an open conclusion: there are more concomitants than those that the reader may find at first glance.
Abstract
The authors of this paper attempt to uncover a possible relationship between Calderón de la Barca and Borges, based on the hypothetical question whether or not the argentine [...]
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Reviews Caplletra 56
A. diversos

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (1), 1

Abstract
Reviews Caplletra 56 (Spring, 2014): Pep Vila, ressenya de Marinela Garcia Sempere i M. Àngels Llorca Tonda (ed.), Vides medievals de sants; difusió, tradició i llegenda, Alacant, Institut Interuniversitari de Filologia Valenciana («Symposia Philologica», 22), 2012, 207 pp.Vicent Josep Escartí, ressenya de Gestes dels comtes de Barcelona i reis d'Aragó. Gesta comitum Barchinone et regum Aragonie, edició i introducció de Stefano M. Cingolani; traducció i notes de Robert Àlvarez Masalias. Santa Coloma de Queralt, Obrador Edèndum / Publicacions de la Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2012, 307 pp.Eduard Baile López, ressenya de Rafael Alemany Ferrer i Francisco Chico Rico (ed.), Literatures ibèriques medievals comparades / Literaturas ibéricas medievales comparadas, Alacant, Universitat d'Alacant / Sociedad Española de Literatura General y Comparada (SELGYC), 2012, 429 pp.Jaume Guiscafré, ressenya d'Antoni Serrà Campins, Set estudis de literatura oral, Palma, Lleonard Muntaner Editor, 2012, 336 pp.Llorenç Soldevila i Balart, ressenya de Rafael Roca (ed.), Teodor Llorente, cent anys després, Alacant, Institut Interuniversitari de Filologia Valenciana («Sympsia Philologica», 23), 2012, 287 pp.Joaquim Martí Mestre, ressenya de Josep Martines, El valencià del segle XIX: el lèxic. L'aportació al Diccionario valenciano de Josep Pla i Costa, Barcelona, Institut d'Estudis Catalans, 2012, 426 pp.Aina Monferrer Palmer, ressenya d'Ona Domènech Bagaria, Traduir del castellà al català. Més enllà de la intercomprensió, Barcelona, Editorial UOC («Col·lecció Manuals Humanitats»), 2012, 103 pp.Antoni Maestre, ressenya de Vicent Salvador (ed.), L'ull despert. Anàlisi crítica dels discursos d'avui, València, Edicions 3i4, 2012, 365 pp.Josep Lluís Martos, ressenya de Peter Cocozzella, Text, Translation, and Critical Interpretation of Joan Roís de Corella's «Tragèdia de Caldesa», a Fifteenth-Century Spanish Tragedy of Gender Reversal, Lewiston/Queenston/Lampeter, The Edwin Mellen Press, 2012, 251 pp.Miquel Nicolás, ressenya de Xavier Laborda, El anzuelo de Platón. Cómo inventan los lingüistas su historia, Barcelona, Editorial UOC, 2013, 183 pp.
Abstract
Reviews Caplletra 56 (Spring, 2014): Pep Vila, ressenya de Marinela Garcia Sempere i M. Àngels Llorca Tonda (ed.), Vides medievals de sants; difusió, tradició i llegenda, [...]
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Reviews Caplletra 57
A. diversos

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (2), 12

Abstract
Reviews Caplletra 57 (Autumn, 2014): Lluís Cabré: Bernat Metge, ‘The Dream’ of Bernat Metge / Del Somni d’en Bernat Metge, translated into English by Antonio Cortijo Ocaña and Elisabeth Lagresa, with an introduction and notes by Antonio Cortijo Ocaña, Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins, 2013, 193 pp. Josep Soler-Carbonell: Àngels Massip-Bonet & Albert Bastardas-Boada (eds.), Complexity Perspectives on Language, Communication and Society, Berlín/Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag, 2013, 255 pp. Núria Silleras Fernández: Germà Colón Domènech (ed.), Els escriptors valencians del segle XV, Castelló de la Plana, Universitat Jaume I, Servei de Comunicació i Publicacions, 2013, 257 pp. Josep Martines i Peres / Jordi M. Antolí Martínez: Pere Navarro Gómez, El parlar de Cambrils, Cambrils/Valls, Ajuntament de Cambrils / Cossetània, 2012, 520 pp. Josep Daniel Climent: Santi Vallés Casanoves, Acció Valenciana (1930-1931). La consciència desvetlada, València, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua, 2008, 474 pp. Josep Martines i Peres / Jordi M. Antolí Martínez Andreu Bosch i Rodoreda, El lèxic alguerès de l’agricultura i la ramaderia entre els segles XVII i XVIII, Barcelona, Institut d’Estudis Catalans, 2012, 290 pp. Joan Ferrer: Antoni Ferrando Francés, Sant Vicent Ferrer en la historiografia, la literatura, l’hagiografia i l’espiritualitat al segle XV, València, Institució Alfons el Magnànim, 2013, 225 pp. Josep Besa Camprubí: Pilar Alonso, A multi-dimensional approach to discourse coherence: from standardness to creativity, Berna, Peter Lang, 2014, 247 pp. Pere Císcar: Jordi Marrugat, Aspectes de la poesia catalana de la modernitat, Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, Barcelona, 2013, 558 pp. Jordi Sánchez Martí: Albert Lloret, Printing Ausiàs March: Material Culture and Renaissance Poetics, Madrid, Centro para la Edición de los Clásicos Españoles / Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Valladolid, 2013, 316 pp.
Abstract
Reviews Caplletra 57 (Autumn, 2014): Lluís Cabré: Bernat Metge, ‘The Dream’ of Bernat Metge / Del Somni d’en Bernat Metge, translated into English by Antonio [...]
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Latin and political identity in eighteenth-century Catalonia
A. Coroleu, M. Paredes Baulida

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (2), 13

Abstract
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to show how, in eighteenth-century Catalonia, the use of the Latin language is not restricted to school books, legal documents or devotional and religious writings. As with other European territories, Latin played an important role as the language of political discourse and propaganda in the Catalan-speaking lands at the time, above all during the War of Spanish Succession at the beginning of the eighteenth century. In what follows we will focus on a series of texts, which, for linguistic and literary reasons, have gone unnoticed by historians and philologists. These include documents describing the two sieges of Barcelona in the Autumn of 1705 and in the Spring of the following year. Particular attention will be given to the anonymous Barcino a Carolo propugnata, a poem published in Barcelona after 1708.Key words: War of Spanish Succession, political propaganda, classical tradition, epic latin poetry.
Abstract
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to show how, in eighteenth-century Catalonia, the use of the Latin language is not restricted to school books, legal documents or [...]
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Fighting with quill pens: the political libels defending the Insurrection of the Barretines (1687-1690)
H. Hermant

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (2), 20

Abstract
Abstract: Long seen as mere accounts of proceedings and nothing more than the vehicle of an autonomous discourse, papers have attracted renewed interest in studies of libels and political literature and their idiosyncrasies have now been realized. Based on the Revolt of the Barretines in Catalonia (1687-1690), this article aims to demonstrate how the insurgents’ political writs played a major role in the insurrection. The revolt can be fully understood only if we consider those writings as discourse and action intertwined, embedded within a dense sequence of events and shaped by specific political, social and cultural practices. These practices give the papers their legitimacy as they impose, at the same time, constraints. From this analysis, politics emerges as praxis rather than a closed and standalone discourse.Key words: Barretines, public space, libel, political literature, revolt, satire.
Abstract
Abstract: Long seen as mere accounts of proceedings and nothing more than the vehicle of an autonomous discourse, papers have attracted renewed interest in studies of libels [...]
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A pulpit without a trhone. Preaching and political interference in the valencian Baroque
A. López Quiles

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (2), 17

Abstract
Abstract: Valencian preaching during the Baroque shows some essential differences compared to the Spanish style, such the absence of a gloomy and damning tone. Another divergence is that there is not only less political interference in preaching, but that, in Valencian preachers, the proverbial legitimacy of the monarchy acquires nuances that distinguish it, because the «legitimation» approach is directed more towards the origins of the kingdom — and so towards James I, an almost sacred figure — than in praising the Habsburgs, applauded for being Catholics and enemies of Protestantism. Indirectly, but in a persistent manner, there are notes that can back — albeit in moderation — neoforalistes theses.Key words: Valencian Baroque, preaching, saint Vincent Ferrer and language, political interference, neoforalisme, sacralisation of the territory.
Abstract
Abstract: Valencian preaching during the Baroque shows some essential differences compared to the Spanish style, such the absence of a gloomy and damning tone. Another divergence [...]
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Celebrations of power. Politics and the Press in Catalonia at the Beginning of the Early Modern Period
H. Ettinghausen

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (2), 15

Abstract
Abstract: This article concerns the earliest news pamphlets printed in Catalonia, notably in Barcelona. Especially from the end of the 16th century, these (normally) single item publications played a crucial role in creating public opinion. Indeed, what is argued here is that they constitute, explicitly or implicitly, celebrations of the powers that be: royal, ecclesiastical, military, civic and divine. In particular, the topics covered by the news pamphlets include royal births, marriages and deaths; beatifications, canonisations, miracles and martyrdoms; victories against Moslem, Protestant and (in the case of the Catalan War of Secession) Spanish enemies; the fight against crime and disorder; and the acceptance of God’s will in the face of natural disasters. As in the rest of Europe, thanks to censorship and self-censorship, in Catalonia bad news simply did not find its way into print.Key words: printed news pamphlets, press history, news, public opinion, celebrations of power, censorship, self-censorship.
Abstract
Abstract: This article concerns the earliest news pamphlets printed in Catalonia, notably in Barcelona. Especially from the end of the 16th century, these (normally) single [...]
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Political literature and «public opinion» in Catalonia’s 17th century wars
O. Jané

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (2), 22

Abstract
Abstract: This article sets out to show an overview of the interest and the use of «political literature» in current historiography. The author also tries to see how these texts were also popular texts in regular use in the spheres where they circulated, specifically during the 17th century. This period of the early modern era evokes an increasing importance of «public opinion» and the strength of its impact, especially in periods of war. And although that these texts could not be read by everyone, they became well known through other forms of diffusion. The paper describes this by making reference to the instruments of this literature, to the creative authors and, finally, to the people who were the opinion leaders of their day. The text presented here links historiography in general, relating political history to the history of literature and culture, and vice versa.Key words: early modern history, Catalonia, war, literature, politics, first person writings, Europe.
Abstract
Abstract: This article sets out to show an overview of the interest and the use of «political literature» in current historiography. The author also tries to see how these [...]
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Introduction to the monograph «Literatura política de l'edat moderna»
E. Miralles

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (2), 19

Abstract
Introduction to the monograph sobre «Literatura política de l'edat moderna», number 57 (Autumn 2014) of Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia.
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Sociopolitical dynamics and standardization processes in the counties of the Tortosa diocese
M. Pradilla Cardona

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (2), 16

Abstract
Abstract: The Tortosa diocese spans a geographical area where the autoctonous dialectal variety — called tortosí — is subject to pressures from different linguistic models.The aim of this article is to shed light on the historical processes of socio-political dynamics that have led to the linguistic breakup of this area of reference. The article also assesses formal models of local narrators from the early twentieth-century.The final aim is to show the correlation between the demand for a specific linguistic treatment in the formal dialectal linguistic variety and the dominant identity dynamics in the area.Key words: sociolinguistics, corpus planning, linguistic model, literary language, identity.
Abstract
Abstract: The Tortosa diocese spans a geographical area where the autoctonous dialectal variety — called tortosí — is subject to pressures from different linguistic models.The [...]
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Non-situational demonstrative expressions and the cognitive status of their referents
J. Ribera

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (2), 14

Abstract
Abstract: This paper deals with non-situational demonstratives as text-deictic units and discusses the degree of activation or cognitive status of their referents under the scope of Gundel, Hedberg & Zacharski’s (1993) Givenness Hierarchy combined with Centering Theory.In order to determine the cognitive status of the referents of the demonstratives, a narrative corpus consisting of J. M. Barrie’s Peter Pan and two translations of Barrie’s text into Catalan and Spanish is analyzed. Firstly, the situational or non-situational natures of the demonstratives this/these/thus and that/those, and their counterparts in the translations, are determined. Secondly, the cognitive status of the referents of the non-situational demonstratives is discussed.The analyses show that the demonstratives referring to ‘in focus’ entities are frequent. Moreover, there is no one-to-one correspondence among the demonstratives in the source and the target texts. Both results point to changes in the cognitive status of some referents in the process of translation. These results also lead to conclude that some discourse non-identificational constraints should be taken into account when facing the analysis of demonstratives.Key words: demonstratives, reference, deixis, anaphora, cognitive status.
Abstract
Abstract: This paper deals with non-situational demonstratives as text-deictic units and discusses the degree of activation or cognitive status of their referents under the [...]
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The Catalan language in the Valencian edition of the «Regulae» of Masparrautha (1498)
J. Giralt Latorre

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (2), 21

Abstract
Abstract: During the Middle Ages, Latin was taught for beginners in the Romance language in Spain, as well as in other European regions. A number of explanations in the vernacular were incorporated into Latin texts. An example of this tradition is the so-called grammaticae proverbiandi. They are characterized by a proverbium or sentence in the vernacular, which helps to understand the Latin structure better. This is the case of the Regulae by Esteban de Masparrautha, printed in 1492 in Pamplona, with examples in Navarrese-Aragonese, as well as in 1498 in Valencia, with examples in Catalan. Emma Falque (2011) has recently published an edition of the incunabulum of Pamplona, which includes an appendix showing the proverbia in Catalan.In this paper, the characteristic dialectal features of Western Catalan — more specifically, from the Southern area — will be determined by linguistic analysis of the abovementioned examples. Features that do not have any dialectal connotation, as they were generally common in medieval texts regardless of their origin, will be also discussed. Some of these latter features still show in certain subdialects, while others have disappeared.Key words: Catalan language, history of language, dialectology, Valencian, Aragonese.
Abstract
Abstract: During the Middle Ages, Latin was taught for beginners in the Romance language in Spain, as well as in other European regions. A number of explanations in the vernacular [...]
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The narrative of Vicenç Riera Llorca: literature and historical conscience
M. Corretger

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (2), 18

Abstract
Abstract: The article offers the first study of the complete narrative of Vicenç Riera Llorca — thirteen novels and two anthologies of stories — published between 1946 and 1991. It provides an analysis of the author’s historical, social, political and literary motivations and puts forward an explanation for the question of why he chose fiction and not journalism, which he had previously worked in. It also raises the issue of hisrole in the construction of the historical conscience of Catalan society based on his experiences between 1931 and 1945, with one single novel set in 1962. The article also takes into consideration Riera’s essays as literary critic for Pont Blau and Xaloc as well as his memoirs, one volume about his youth in Catalonia and another one on his exile; the letters he exchanged with critic Domènec Guansé, and the critical reception of his work up to the present day (Molas, Triadú, Ramió, Saladrigas [interview], Faulí). The article situates Riera’s work in its context and discusses its value in relationto the emerging Catalan novel since 1946. It also looks for the literary sources and the European and North American trends of thought that have had an impact on his work. It also contains representative examples that can be traced back by quotes preceded by the abbreviated titles of the novels.Key words: Riera Llorca, novel, historical conscience, exile, realism, human nature, narrative techniques.
Abstract
Abstract: The article offers the first study of the complete narrative of Vicenç Riera Llorca — thirteen novels and two anthologies of stories — published between 1946 [...]
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Estudi de les unitats fraseológiques de la tercera esfera des d'una perspectiva diacrònica
M. Fuster Ortuño, E. Sánchez López

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (1), 6

Abstract
Fins ara, les unitats fraseològiques havien estat tradicionalment estudiades en sincronia o, a tot estirar, tenint en consideració un punt concret en el passat. Amb aquest estudi, pretenem fer una anàlisi diacrònica —de l’evolució— d’algunes UFs que considerem especialment representatives, com ho són les de la tercera esfera, que, segons Corpas, són els enunciats fraseològics. Iniciarem l’article amb una breu descripció del concepte d’unitat fraseològica i, posteriorment, ens centrarem en les unitats que conformen la tercera esfera. Tractarem amb més profunditat la definició, l’origen i el tipus d’unitats que s’apleguen sota aquest terme. A continuació, analitzarem amb més aprofundiment un parell d’exemples representatius, com són una oronella no fa estiu i fer orelles sordes. Aquests exemples ens permetran observar les característiques generals del processos de fraseologització i canvi fraseològic.
Abstract
Fins ara, les unitats fraseològiques havien estat tradicionalment estudiades en sincronia o, a tot estirar, tenint en consideració un punt concret en el passat. Amb aquest [...]
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El concepte de "posar en lloc resguardat" en català. Estudi diacrònic
V. Beltran, C. Segura

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (1), 3

Abstract
En aquest article estudiem l’evolució semàntica que han experimentat els verbs que han arribat a expressar en català el sentit [posar en lloc resguardat] o que s’hi han aproximat. Cronològicament, l’estudi ateny fonamentalment des de les primeres atestacions fins al segle xvi. Malgrat això, també estudiem, més parcialment, la documentació posterior fins a l’actualitat, especialment a través de les obres lexicogràfiques. Després de descriure semasiològicament cada unitat lèxica, mirem d’establir les interrelacions que s’han pogut produir entre aquests mots en el cas que hagen coincidit en l’ús sincrònic. Per aconseguir-ho, partim del despullament dels textos literaris i no literaris que ens ofereixen les dades del "Corpus Informatitzat de Català Antic" (CICA). Ens basem en la metodologia que aporta la semàntica cognitiva, especialment quant al paper que fan les projeccions metafòriques i metonímiques en l’explicació dels canvis semàntics. Tot plegat és el marc general per a explicar l’evolució semàntica dels verbs que han servit per a expressar el sentit esmentat i quina relació històrica han mantingut entre ells.
Abstract
En aquest article estudiem l’evolució semàntica que han experimentat els verbs que han arribat a expressar en català el sentit [posar en lloc resguardat] o que s’hi [...]
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Subjectivació i inferència en l'evolució semàntica i en l'inici de la gramaticalització de "jaquir" (segles xi-xii))
J. Martines, S. Montserrat

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (1), 10

Abstract
Estudiem en aquest article els primers passos en l’evolució semàntica i en la gramaticalització del verb "jaquir". Aquest germanisme pertany a un estrat lèxic del català que va començar a fer-se menys usual a la darreria del s. xv, desplaçat per altres sinònims, en aquest cas "lleixar-deixar". La recerca es fonamenta en un corpus de documentació en llatí i en català dels segles xi i xii. L’objectiu és descriure, en aquella primera documentació, la gènesi dels significats que ja apareixen ben establits durant el període literari. Seguim un enfocament metodològic d’orientació cognitivista (estudi de la subjectivació i de la inferència com a mecanismes del canvi semàntic) i donem un paper important a la visió comparada dels cognats de jaquir en les llengües romàniques (sobretot, gal·loromàniques) i en germànic (fràncic i alemany).
Abstract
Estudiem en aquest article els primers passos en l’evolució semàntica i en la gramaticalització del verb "jaquir". Aquest germanisme pertany a un estrat lèxic del català [...]
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La inferència en l'aflorament de valors evidencials en català antic
A. Sentí Pons, J. Antolí Martínez

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (1), 8

Abstract
En aquest article volem descriure els valors evidencials que desenvolupen el verb "parèixer" i la perífrasi verbal "deure + infinitiu" en català antic i explicar com s’han generat. Es tracta de dos recursos bàsics per a l’expressió de l’evidencialitat inferencial que han seguit un procés de canvi semàntic paral·lel. L’estudi d’aquest procés, que s’ha fet amb dades de corpus analitzades amb una metodologia cognitiva, revela que l’aflorament dels nous valors es pot explicar com a resultat d’un procés de gramaticalització en què, a poc a poc, hi ha una major subjectivació, tendència que s’explica, en darrer terme, pel mecanisme de la inferència invitada (Traugott & Dasher 2002). A més, l’anàlisi dels diferents valors evidencials ens ha permès constatar que cal una classificació més detallada de la tipologia tradicional d’evidencials d’inferència (Willet 1988), i és per a superar aquestes limitacions que hem aplicat la proposta de Squartini (2008). En definitiva, tot plegat ens ha possibilitat obrir una línia de recerca sobre els marcadors evidencials d’inferència i el procés de canvi lingüístic que els genera en llengües com el català en què no hi ha una categoria gramatical evidencial.
Abstract
En aquest article volem descriure els valors evidencials que desenvolupen el verb "parèixer" i la perífrasi verbal "deure + infinitiu" en català antic i explicar com s’han [...]
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Evolucionismo, integración sociocognitiva y cambio semántico
A. Soares da Silva

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (1), 5

Abstract
El cambio es el fenómeno lingüístico por excelencia a la hora de aplicar los modelos teóricos evolucionistas. La perspectiva evolucionista del lenguaje permite analizar el cambio lingüístico como un fenómeno sujeto a los mismos procesos evolutivos que determinan cualquier sistema evolutivo complejo. El objetivo de este estudio es defender una integración más sistemática de los factores sociales y cognitivos del cambio lingüístico, en particular del cambio semántico. Este artículo se centra en un enfoque evolutivo del cambio lingüístico muy influyente, la Teoría de la Selección del Enunciado del cambio lingüístico desarrollada por Croft (2000). El enfoque evolutivo de Croft se inspira en la teoría evolutiva neo-darwiniana, concretamente en la Teoría Generalizada de la Selección desarrollada por Hull (1988), un filósofo de la ciencia. La idea fundamental es que el cambio lingüístico es un ejemplo de la evolución cultural i, por lo tanto, está sometido a los mismos mecanismos evolutivos generales que guían la evolución biológica. El lenguaje, como sistema de uso, se regula por la convención, de manera que el cambio lingüístico es el resultado de romper con la convención y de propagar esta innovación en la comunidad lingüística hasta que se convierte en una nueva convención. Argumentaremos, en el marco de la lingüística cognitiva (Geeraerts & Cuyckens 2007), a favor de una integración más sistemática de los factores cognitivos y sociales en la explicación del cambio lingüístico. Tomaremos como ejemplo algunos casos de cambio semántico en portugués y en español para demostrar que los mecanismos de la innovación lingüística son cognitivos, mientras que los mecanismos de propagación son esencialmente sociales. Conocer qué factores cognitivos interactúan con los sociales en el proceso de cambio semántico y lingüístico en general es todavía un reto importante en el enfoque evolutivo del cambio lingüístico.
Abstract
El cambio es el fenómeno lingüístico por excelencia a la hora de aplicar los modelos teóricos evolucionistas. La perspectiva evolucionista del lenguaje permite analizar [...]
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La implantació de la normativa dels relatius: els resultats en dos exercicis gramaticals
J. Costa Carreras, A. Labèrnia Romagosa

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (1), 11

Abstract
En aquest article es presenten els resultats obtinguts a partir de dos exercicis enfocats a avaluar la implantació de la normativa dels relatius en discursos planificats. L’article analitza els resultats parcials d’una recerca que s’emmarca en l’ús que fa dels relatius la mostra estudiada (26 individus catalanoparlants de 1r curs de Traducció i Interpretació) i la percepció que se’n té. Els resultats han permès extreure les conclusions següents: (a) la implantació de la normativa pel que fa als relatius utilitzats és «alta» (de les 520 respostes analitzades, el 86,9 % són normatives oficials); (b) en el 50 % dels ítems, la implantació de la normativa ha resultat «molt alta», i (c) destaca la implantació «molt baixa» de les solucions oficials en una frase com "L’assumpte […] requereix una gestió ben planificada fins a l’últim detall, la qual gestió, per tant, no pot ser confiada sinó a una persona de confiança […]". L’anàlisi dels exercicis també ha fet possible destriar les formes lingüístiques amb un grau d’habitualitat molt alt o molt baix: per exemple, la mostra ha preferit "a qui" com a relatiu amb funció de complement indirecte. Finalment, també és destacable l’aportació d’aquest article pel que fa a la normativitat de "qui" quan fa de complement directe i va precedit de preposició: "L’home a qui vam veure continua desaparegut."
Abstract
En aquest article es presenten els resultats obtinguts a partir de dos exercicis enfocats a avaluar la implantació de la normativa dels relatius en discursos planificats. L’article [...]
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Les oracions de relatiu i la represa pronominal amb "en"
J. Ramos

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (1), 9

Abstract
Aquest article estudia les oracions de relatiu que duen una represa pronominal amb el pronom "en". Concretament, s’ocupa de les oracions de relatiu amb antecedent implícit de caràcter partitiu; és a dir, d’aquell tipus de construccions en què l’antecedent apareix sense nucli nominal i va encapçalat per un quantificador. Aquest tipus de construccions no ha rebut l’atenció dels estudiosos i, quan s’hi ha fet referència, ha estat de manera molt parcial i amb divergència d’opinions des del punt de vista de la normativa gramatical. En aquest treball, s’aprofundeix en el tema analitzant les vacil·lacions dels usuaris i les tendències segons les característiques sintàctiques de la construcció. La investigació es duu a terme tenint en compte una enquesta als usuaris, l’anàlisi d’un corpus de textos escrits de la llengua contemporània i l’estudi d’un corpus de textos de la llengua antiga.
Abstract
Aquest article estudia les oracions de relatiu que duen una represa pronominal amb el pronom "en". Concretament, s’ocupa de les oracions de relatiu amb antecedent implícit [...]
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Agustí Bartra i la negritud
J. Cerdà Subirachs

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (1), 7

Abstract
El poeta Agustí Bartra (1908-1982) va ser traductor d’alguns dels poetes neoafricans més importants del segle xx. El present treball vol incidir en les reflexions que, a propòsit d’aquestes traduccions, ens ajuden a configurar la poètica del mateix Bartra. Temes tan centrals com la funcionalitat de la poesia, el seu caràcter soteriològic, el paper del mite o del temps, són presents en Bartra com en alguns dels poetes de la negritud. Més enllà d’un interès antropològic, una efusió exòtica o revolucionària, Bartra acara la poesia neoafricana des de la seva exemplaritat, i supera, d’aquesta manera, els tractaments asimètrics, paternalistes o merament ideològics d’alguns dels qui, des d’Occident, s’hi havien aproximat. La recerca per part de Bartra d’una poètica humanista troba en la negritud una referència ineludible.
Abstract
El poeta Agustí Bartra (1908-1982) va ser traductor d’alguns dels poetes neoafricans més importants del segle xx. El present treball vol incidir en les reflexions que, [...]
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Còpies manuscrites d'impresos renaixentistes a la Biblioteca Universitària de València: el llegat d'Onofre Soler i Rubio
J. Martos

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (1), 4

Abstract
Onofre Soler i Rubio va ser un dels bibliòfils més importants de la Il·lustració tardana en la València del pas del segle xviii al xix. Va tenir un pes específic en la societat d’aleshores, com a rector de la Universitat de València en dos períodes diferents, com a canonge de la Seu i com a bibliotecari arxiver del Capítol. Tot i això, la seua figura no ha estat suficientment tractada, malgrat que l’Arxiu de la Universitat de València i l’Arxiu Capitular ofereixen molts documents encara per classificar. Una part d’aquests havia estat assenyalada prèviament, documentació que ací es revisa, s’actualitza i es completa, a partir d’aquests dos fons documentals i de la Biblioteca Històrica de la Universitat de València, quant als aspectes relacionats amb el seu important llegat bibliogràfic a aquest darrer fons, de 2 782 obres. D’aquestes, sols 37 són manuscrites i tres presenten la peculiaritat de ser còpies d’impresos antics, datats entre 1490 i 1561, una tècnica bastant desconeguda que, des d’època incunable, ha estat present en la transmissió textual de les obres. En aquest article s’estudien els tres còdexs, des d’una perspectiva interna i externa, que resulten mostres interessants de diferents episodis de la història del llibre, sota una mateixa estratègia de transmissió.
Abstract
Onofre Soler i Rubio va ser un dels bibliòfils més importants de la Il·lustració tardana en la València del pas del segle xviii al xix. Va tenir un pes específic en [...]
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Introducció monogràfic
J. Martines

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2014). Vol. 29, (1), 2
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Plata Parga, F. (ed.), P. Calderón de la Barca, «La vida es sueño», edición crítica de las dos versiones del auto y de la loa, Kassel/Pamplona, Reichenberger/Universidad de Navarra, 2012. ISBN: 978-3-944244-01-3
A. Sáez

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 3
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Insúa, M. Y C. Mata Induráin (eds.), Calderón de la Barca, P., «La siembra del Señor (Los obreros del Señor)», Kassel/Pamplona, Reichenberger/Universidad de Navarra, 2013. [Ediciones críticas, 190, Autos sacramentales completos de Calderón, 83.] ISBN: 978
F. Plata Parga

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 15
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Grande Yáñez, M., «De Cervantes a Calderón. Claves filosóficas del barroco español», Madrid, Dykinson, 2012. ISBN 978-84-15454-49-6.
J. Gutiérrez Meza

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 10
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The Comical, the Emblematic, and a Golden Age Joke in Calderón’s La casa holgona
P. Restrepo-Gautier

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 6

Abstract
This article explores the ways in which a Golden Age joke is manipulated to become an integral part of Calderón’s La casa holgona. Antón, the Flemish student, turns the joke into a verbal weapon that insults, offends and ridicules one of the prostitutes in the entremés. The joke, as told by Antón, can be understood independently of the plot. However, Antón not only tells the joke, but also modifies it to ensure that the reference to the prostitute becomes clear and to incorporate it fully into the play. Given that the joke contains a personal device (a combination of image and motto), this article also proposes that Antón manipulates the joke using an emblematic procedure, which breaks the original system of signification and, in doing so, changes its original meaning.
Abstract
This article explores the ways in which a Golden Age joke is manipulated to become an integral part of Calderón’s La casa holgona. Antón, the Flemish student, turns the [...]
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From Orpheus to Orpheus. Myth and Exegesis in the Dramatic Work of Lope and Calderón
J. Martínez Berbel

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 1

Abstract
The present work aims to analyze different interpretations of the myth of Orpheus made by Lope de Vega and Calderón de la Barca. Apart from trying to establish relations between various plays, the analysis deals in particular with the different ways in which the conventions of a dramatic genre (comedy vs. auto sacramental) influence not only on the interpretive proposals, but also on the handling of sources, the treatment of the characters, the dramatic conflict, etc.
Abstract
The present work aims to analyze different interpretations of the myth of Orpheus made by Lope de Vega and Calderón de la Barca. Apart from trying to establish relations [...]
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Saxony and the Sea: the 113th Verse of El galán fantasma by Pedro Calderón de la Barca
N. Iglesias Iglesias

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 13

Abstract
Calderón places El Galán Fantasma in a specific geographical area: faraway Saxony. There are several references in the text to this ducky and its leader, the Duke of Saxony, one of the main characters of the play. The playwright, however, does not refer to the actual ducky, neither to a specific duke from a historical or geographical point of view. This is supported by verse 113, which alludes to the Saxon sea although the historical cartography confirms that Saxony did not have a coastline during the period in which Calderón wrote. The objective of this article is to analyze how the dramatist uses the Saxon sea in order to create a style rich in maritime images and how certain aspects of the plot are related to the choice of Saxony for the setting. At the same time, the study deals with the connotations of the toponym Saxony for the Spanish audience who watched El Galán Fantasma in the 1630s.PALABRAS CLAVE / KEYWORDS: Calderón, espacio, Sajonia, duque Federico de Sajonia, recepción, metáforas marítimas y bélicas / Calderón, space, Saxony, duke Frederick of Saxony, reception, maritime and military metaphors.
Abstract
Calderón places El Galán Fantasma in a specific geographical area: faraway Saxony. There are several references in the text to this ducky and its leader, the Duke of Saxony, [...]
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A Cove in Calderón’s mojigangas. Text and Staging
A. González

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 9

Abstract
The present article analyses three of Calderon’s mojigangas, establishing the relation between the dramatic text and the staging of these pieces. Each mojiganga corresponds to a different type of comic structure depending on the organization of the thematic content. Las visions de la muerte is nearer of a folkloric or traditional matter. Of a great tone of irony and satire, more similar to the entremés, and along with that more dramatic and literary than spectacular, is El pésame de la viuda; Los guisados is structured by the nature paradigm, the deformation of the characters is more ridiculous than in an entremés and has a sense of a feast, possibly a palace feast.
Abstract
The present article analyses three of Calderon’s mojigangas, establishing the relation between the dramatic text and the staging of these pieces. Each mojiganga corresponds [...]
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The Actor Alonso de Olmedo: An entremesista in Calderón’s Orbit
F. Domínguez Matito

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 4

Abstract
The «teatro breve», in general, and the «entremés», in particular, already have a more than considerable amount of bibliography. However, critics have paid little attention to the «autores de comedias» or actors who were also playwrights. Among them is Alonso de Olmedo, who was famous for playing the role of «galán», especially in Calderon’s works. He is the author of a large number of «bailes» that were performed at various Calderonian plays, it is his «entremeses» that are of greater interest (Píramo y Tisbe, Las locas caseras, La dama toro and El sacristán Chinchilla).
Abstract
The «teatro breve», in general, and the «entremés», in particular, already have a more than considerable amount of bibliography. However, critics have paid little attention [...]
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Myth and Hermeneutics in Calderón’s Courtly Comedies
E. Cancelliere

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 16

Abstract
Seven stereotypes of myth —mythologems— structure Calderon’s comedies as fabulae initiation. In this way, the archaic rite is an interpreter of modernity.
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Vulgarizing a Myth: the Role of the Graciosos in Calderón’s La fiera, el rayo y la piedra
L. Barone

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 11

Abstract
The present article analyzes the various dramatic functions developed by the three graciosos of the play and their inclusion in the diegesis, starting from the expressive modes of the comical in courtly performances. Based on a short itinerary of the most famous works of 17th century —whose importance concerns the myth diffusion in that period— the author examines the sources treatment, themes and characters rearrangement, and the process of myth abasement and vulgarization through the joker look defining the gracioso’s materialistic perspective.
Abstract
The present article analyzes the various dramatic functions developed by the three graciosos of the play and their inclusion in the diegesis, starting from the expressive [...]
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The Beginning of La vida es sueño and the Soledad primera by Góngora
F. Antonucci

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 7

Abstract
This article analyzes the initial sequence of Calderón’s La vida es sueño (vv. 1-102) by studying the relationships between metric form (silvas), dramatic space, characters’ actions, and style. Comparing the initial sequences in silvas of other comedies included in the Primera and Segunda Parte of Calderón’s comedies, it points out the recurring motif of shipwrecking; in doing so, it stresses how Rosaura’s itinerary, from the initial situation when she has been bucked off by her horse to her discovery of Segismundo’s jail, echoes the shipwrecked wandering’s itinerary in the initial sequence of Góngora’s Soledad primera. The sequence in silvas in the third act of La vida es sueño is built in chiasm with this initial sequence to highlight the radical change that protagonists are about to accomplish.
Abstract
This article analyzes the initial sequence of Calderón’s La vida es sueño (vv. 1-102) by studying the relationships between metric form (silvas), dramatic space, characters’ [...]
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Some Characteristics of Calderón in the Comedy Los empeños de un acaso
A. Barrios

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 2

Abstract
The present article examines the authorship of the comedy Los empeños de un acaso. This work was published in several editions with two different titles: Los empeños de un acaso and Los empeños que se ofrecen. This could explain that the comedy was attributed in different editions to Calderón de la Barca and Juan Pérez de Montalbán. This paper defends Calderón’s authorship: although the Golden Age Comedy in general shares certain stylistic conventions, it is clear that Calderón reiterates specific issues and treatments in his swashbuckling comedies. In this context, the article deals with three different aspects: the mention of the locus amoenus, the allusion to Madrid as a populous city, and some metaliterary commentaries.
Abstract
The present article examines the authorship of the comedy Los empeños de un acaso. This work was published in several editions with two different titles: Los empeños de [...]
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Bibliografía calderoniana 2013
A. Sáez

ACal (2014). Vol. 7, (1), 14
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How many versions does an autograph offer? The authorial interventions in the autograph of Calderón’s «El secreto a voces»
S. Kroll

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 18

Abstract
Pedro Calderón de la Barca never ceases to work. His constant interest to improve or adapt his texts has produced two versions of the same play in several occasions. His autographs allow us to examine his writing process as well as the theatrical practice in Golden Age Spain. In the autograph of «El secreto a voces», Calderón himself seems to delete up to 200 verses, nevertheless it also presents interventions by other hands. In this article, I will therefore try to distinguish between the authentic and non-authentic interventions in the autograph of «El secreto a voces».
Abstract
Pedro Calderón de la Barca never ceases to work. His constant interest to improve or adapt his texts has produced two versions of the same play in several occasions. His [...]
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Tetrasyllabic variations in the Golden Age
I. Arellano

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 5

Abstract
This article shows the abundance of tetrameter verses, —denied by Pablo Jauralde—, in the poetry of the Golden Age, in special in some genres like traditional poetry, or drama.
Abstract
This article shows the abundance of tetrameter verses, —denied by Pablo Jauralde—, in the poetry of the Golden Age, in special in some genres like traditional [...]
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Aichinger, Wolfram, «El fuego de san Antón y los hospitales antonianos en España», Wien, Verlag Turia+Kant, 2009, 191 pp. ISBN: 978-3-85132-574-4
I. Arellano

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 2

Abstract
Book's review
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Table of contents
Á. Baraibar

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (2), 28

Abstract
Table of contents
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The Making of the Hero in the Land of the Cinnamon Tree: Gonzalo Pizarro in the Royal Commentaries of Garcilaso Inca
C. Zanelli Velásquez

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (2), 25

Abstract
Prior to his rebellion against the Spanish Crown in 1544, Gonzalo Pizarro (Francisco’s younger brother) accomplished the Conquest of Charcas (present-day northwestern Bolivia), survived the siege of Cuzco by Manco Inca and attempted the failed exploration of the mythical «Land of the Cinnamon Tree», located somewhere in the Amazonian basin, according to Garcilaso’s historical account. During this doomed expedition, Pizarro endured treason, lost companions and was defeated by the forces of an aggressive environment. However, he managed to emerge as the legendary political and military leader that rebelled against the first Viceroy of Peru, Blasco Nuñez Vela in 1546. Nuñez Vela would be defeated in battlefield and later executed. Gonzalo Pizarro’s pretension of becoming king of Peru by virtue of a political alliance with the surviving Incas would be seen in Garcilaso’s account as a proof of Pizarro’s heroic stature, albeit a tragic one.
Abstract
Prior to his rebellion against the Spanish Crown in 1544, Gonzalo Pizarro (Francisco’s younger brother) accomplished the Conquest of Charcas (present-day northwestern Bolivia), [...]
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The Humanist Ideal of Peace in Pacification Accounts by the Chronicler Fernández de Oviedo
V. Teglia

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (2), 26

Abstract
This paper poses that, in order to represent the first Spanish conquests in the Antilles, Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo, within his Historia General y Natural de las Indias, takes certain official legal documents as models to guide and structure his account. Such documents are the royal ordinances and Palacios Rubios’ Requerimiento. Consequently, the character’s speech and actions are marked with the ideals of XVIth century humanist, Renaissance, and erasmist thought —peace, love-friendship and the model of the prudent, moderate leaders— while a speech which seeks to legitimize the Spanish rules in the New World —while presenting it in terms of «pacification»— is being simultaneously unfolded. This whole discursive compound results in a plural, diverse and at times contradictory account, influenced and influential, and, above all, founding of some of the Utopian-imperial speech and imagery that were projected over the Americas and that constituted it.
Abstract
This paper poses that, in order to represent the first Spanish conquests in the Antilles, Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo, within his Historia General [...]
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Arrival and Conquests in the Viceroyalty of Peru in Times of Francisco de Borja y Aragón, Príncipe de Esquilache (1615-1621)
M. Zaldívar Ovalle

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (2), 24

Abstract
In the context of the Relación, by Francisco de Borja y Aragón, this paper will report on the exploratory travels —named Arrival and Conquests— of Spanish encomenderos and soldiers between 1615 and 1621. In this context, the present study highlights some of the difficulties Esquilache faced in the exercise of power as head of the Viceroyalty of Peru. We focus our attention on the specific event named Spanish Government. The reasons discussed this time, are closely related to the battle between soldiers and trustees to obtain personal profit. The latter was a current struggle, dating from the origins of the viceroyalty. However, at the time of the events, such conflicts had worsened due to a complex political and economic situation.
Abstract
In the context of the Relación, by Francisco de Borja y Aragón, this paper will report on the exploratory travels —named Arrival and Conquests— of Spanish encomenderos [...]
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Representation of the Indian in Calderón’s «La Aurora en Copacabana»
J. Gutiérrez Meza

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (2), 31

Abstract
The article analyzes the onomastics of the Indian characters, the portrayal of the Inca Empire of Huáscar and Atahualpa, and the Christianization of Guacolda and Yupangui in Calderón’s La Aurora en Copacabana. Rational and proactive, these two characters realize the illegitimacy of the Inca idolatry and embrace the true religion, long before the formal start of Perú’s christianization. Thus, it is argued that this specific representation of the Indian may have been influenced by the close circles indianos of Miguel de Aguirre, who allegedly patronized this comedy.
Abstract
The article analyzes the onomastics of the Indian characters, the portrayal of the Inca Empire of Huáscar and Atahualpa, and the Christianization of Guacolda and Yupangui [...]
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Blacks as Figure of Negation and Difference in Spanish Golden Age Theater
B. Fra Molinero

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (2), 30

Abstract
Modernity in Europe and America has negated the existence of Blacks, making them invisible. Spanish Renaissance and Baroque theater represents the Black figure in three ways. Some Black characters embody the negation of humanity; other Blacks attempt to erase their skin color at the physical and metaphysical level, and thus their presence in society as difference and as beings in history; lastly, and this is the exception, some are individuals who confront this negation and demand their freedom against a society that sees them only as slaves. This is the case of the play Juan Latino (c. 1625) by Diego Ximénez de Enciso. Its protagonist affirms his presence in historical memory.
Abstract
Modernity in Europe and America has negated the existence of Blacks, making them invisible. Spanish Renaissance and Baroque theater represents the Black figure in three ways. [...]
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Review of Maestro, Jesús G., «Calipso eclipsada. El teatro de Cervantes más allá del Siglo de Oro», Madrid, Editorial Verbum, 2013, 316 pp. ISBN: 978-84-7962-899-4
V. Gutiérrez Pérez

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 21

Abstract
Book's review
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Sor Juana and Nicholas of Cusa
R. Olivares Zorrilla

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 22

Abstract
Without evaluating the extraordinary and consistent impression that Nicholas of Cusa exerted on the works by Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, it would be hardly possible to achieve a profound comprehension of one of the most prominent women writers of the Latin American Baroque period. The Cusan’s legacy provided Sor Juana with the symbol of the opposing pyramids of light and shadow, and with the metaphor of the circle and the center, already sifted by the Spanish mystics. Both symbols in her poem The Dream inscribe within a Renaissance change of episteme, in which a mathematical and optical version of the ideas was always produced through the elucidation of oneself, of the individual as part of a cyclic, spherical universe in which a central, all-seeing eye is described in various works by Nicholas of Cusa. The idea of divine contemplation with our bodily eyes closed, for the incorporeal is only accessible by getting rid of the corporeal; the mathematical and geometrical speculations about divinity and the conceptions of the world as a combination of signs; how the infinite and the finite encounter and the knowledge of the world is always a probability and a conjecture, all these are philosophical traces which enlighten The Dream, one of the most captivating intellectual poems in Spanish literature.
Abstract
Without evaluating the extraordinary and consistent impression that Nicholas of Cusa exerted on the works by Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, it would be hardly possible to achieve [...]
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Páginas previas
Á. Baraibar

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 20
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Little Devils and Satire in Vélez de Guevara’s El diablo cojuelo and Goethe’s Faust
R. Rice

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 16

Abstract
Besides the other sources that Goethe used when creating his Faust, in his private texts the author mentions his admiration for Le Diable Boiteux by Alain-René Le Sage. An eighteenth century French translation of El diablo cojeulo by Vélez de Guevara, it was extremely popular in its times. The article compares certain elements in the two works such as the objects satirized in the texts, the use of the ‘esperpento’, amongst other elements.
Abstract
Besides the other sources that Goethe used when creating his Faust, in his private texts the author mentions his admiration for Le Diable Boiteux by Alain-René Le Sage. An [...]
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Review of Baraibar, Álvaro, B. Castany, B. Hernández y M. Serna (eds.), Hombres de a pie y de a caballo. (Conquistadores, cronistas, misioneros en la América colonial de los siglos XVI y XVII), New York, IDEA, 2013, 307 pp. (ISBN: 978-1-938795-91-6)
R. Marrero-Fente

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 19

Abstract
Book's review
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Baroque Apocalypse in Homero Aridjis’ «Gran teatro del fin del mundo»
L. Pagacz

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (2), 23

Abstract
The present article provides a (neo)baroque reading of the dystopic and postapocalyptic universe of Homero Aridjis’ (Mexico, 1940) Gran teatro del fin del mundo. The use of dystopia and allegory subverts the Western anthropologic paradigm: utopias of continuous progress and triumphant individualism can be read in reverse. The analysis is structured in three parts: first part establishes the nature of intertextual relationship with Calderón’s baroque piece El gran teatro del mundo; second part describes ironic dystopia in Gran teatro del fin del mundo; third part highlights the logic of reversed aridjian aesthetics.
Abstract
The present article provides a (neo)baroque reading of the dystopic and postapocalyptic universe of Homero Aridjis’ (Mexico, 1940) Gran teatro del fin del mundo. The use [...]
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Some Political and Legal Aspects of Bishop García de Legazpi Velasco and Altamirano (1704-1706)
J. Salazar Andreu

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 15

Abstract
The start of the XVII century was quite complicated for Spain and the New Spain territories in the Americas due to the break of the Succession War that was triggered by the death of the last Austrian monarch, Charles the Second. This event led to a conflict of international dimensions in which European powers intervened in order to impose their monarch who would govern in favour of their political interests in such an important country. The period, that lasted from 1700 to 1706, was one of great uncertainty because no one knew who would be heading the Spanish monarchy. Hispanic noblemen sympathized with the idea of having the grandson of Louis the XIV, Philippe V (Philippe of Anjou) consolidating himself as the future Spanish monarch. To the Spanish clergy, Philippe of Anjou’s political position in the War of Succession was centered on economic interests as well as the fear of surrendering. In this context, Bishop García de Legazpi Velazco y Altamirano played a vital role during the period of uncertainty that the New Spain territories were experiencing.
Abstract
The start of the XVII century was quite complicated for Spain and the New Spain territories in the Americas due to the break of the Succession War that was triggered by the [...]
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Calderón and Marsillach Go to the Cinema. An Ironic and Playful Reading of the Cloak and Dagger Comedia Antes que todo es mi dama from the Stage
P. Mascarell

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 10

Abstract
This article analyzes the production of Calderon’s comedia Antes que todo es mi dama, directed by Adolfo Marsillach in 1987 and its rupture with the modern tradition of staging Golden Age classical plays in Spain. This analysis studies the scenic and interpretative mechanisms used to establish an ironical dialogue with the generic conventions of the cloak and dagger comedia genre.
Abstract
This article analyzes the production of Calderon’s comedia Antes que todo es mi dama, directed by Adolfo Marsillach in 1987 and its rupture with the modern tradition of [...]
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Review of Gil-Osle, Juan Pablo, Amistades imperfectas: del Humanismo a la Ilustración con Cervantes, Madrid/Frankfurt, Iberoamericana/Vervuert, 2013, 193 pp. (ISBN: 978-84-8489-640-1)
F. Rodríguez Mansilla

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (2), 29

Abstract
Book's review
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Travel and Travelers in Novelas ejemplares: Motion and Alterity in La gitanilla
Á. Pérez Martínez

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 12

Abstract
The Novelas ejemplares are not a travel book, but they present numerous issues related to this genre that deserve to be studied and analyzed. Classics can provide important concepts for travel literature. This paper is reading of La gitanilla from the concept of motion and the relationship between travel Cervantes’ theory of alterity.
Abstract
The Novelas ejemplares are not a travel book, but they present numerous issues related to this genre that deserve to be studied and analyzed. Classics can provide important [...]
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Review of «Comedias de Agustín Moreto. Segunda parte de comedias. Volumen VIII», María Luisa Lobato (dir.), Kassel, Reichenberger, 2013, 536 pp. (ISBN: 978-3-944244-10-5)
G. Gómez Sánchez-Ferrer

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 17

Abstract
Book's review
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The Devil and his Dramatic Function in Calderon’s Autos Sacramentales
L. Iglesias Feijoo, I. Hernando Morata

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 13

Abstract
In some Calderón’s autos sacramentales the character of the Devil draws the plot and establishes the dramatic action as a demiurge. He elaborates plans and strategies to confuse the Man, but he always fails. This function approaches the autos to the metatheater. Finally certain parallels with Shakespeare are suggested.
Abstract
In some Calderón’s autos sacramentales the character of the Devil draws the plot and establishes the dramatic action as a demiurge. He elaborates plans and strategies to [...]
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About the Concept of «Spanish nation» in Numancia, by Miguel de Cervantes y Saavedra
E. Marigno Vázquez

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 11

Abstract
This article analyzes the concept of «nationalism» as it appears in Numancia, by Miguel de Cervantes y Saavedra. We show that, although the term did not exist at that time, the author is translating into his tragedy the physical and metaphysical references of the Spanish nation cult, from Renaissance codes. From a systematic lexical and formal study, although the content will reach the conclusion that Numancia can be considered as a dialectical approach in four acts, which concludes with an aesthetic and ethical definition of what we have been calling «nationalism», even if Cervantes gives us an original representation of the Spanish nation.
Abstract
This article analyzes the concept of «nationalism» as it appears in Numancia, by Miguel de Cervantes y Saavedra. We show that, although the term did not exist at that time, [...]
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The Lost Personal Stories: Hungarians in Spanish Golden Age Theatre (Interpretation and Proximity of Distances)
Z. Korpás

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (2), 27

Abstract
Despite of the geographical distances between the two kingdoms, both Hungary and the hungarians seem to be topics widely spreaded in the Spanish literature of the Golden Age. The study tracks the intercultural reasons which might have caused this vast representation of the Hungarians among the literature topics of those centuries. Besides the more or less evidents paralelisms –like the fact of being ruled by the same dynasty, the big challenge represented by the Ottoman expansion both for the Catholic Monarchy and Kingdom of Hungary or being part of the same «Universitas Christiana»— the study shows the very thin nets of the less known personal histories of the thousands of Spaniards fighting against the Ottomans in Hungary. They were there taking part in diplomatic missions or being members of the imperial Court as well as of the Eastern Habsburgs.The presentation of personal histories demonstrates the magnitude of the attention of the Spanish public towards the happenings in Hungary and it shows the fundamental roots both of this specific interest in Hungarian topics and the perception and interpretation the genius of the Spanish Golden Age literature have of it.
Abstract
Despite of the geographical distances between the two kingdoms, both Hungary and the hungarians seem to be topics widely spreaded in the Spanish literature of the Golden Age. [...]
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The Viceroyalty of Naples in Cervantes’ Novelas ejemplares
F. de Armas

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 6

Abstract
In many of his literary works Cervantes exhibits a desire for Italy, which can be encountered in his dedications and his many references to the art, literature and culture of the peninsula. Cervantes recalls in particular his lengthy stay in Naples, capital of the most important Spanish viceroyalties of the time. This essay studies Cervantes’ desire for Italy through the lenses of the Novelas ejemplares. Here, this impetus seems somewhat ambiguous in that the dedicatory to the Count of Lemos is far from laudatory and the references to the viceroyalty in the Novelas ejemplares themselves are brief and almost sinister. Instead of affirming the desire for Italy, these allusions to Naples create an almost insoluble mystery.
Abstract
In many of his literary works Cervantes exhibits a desire for Italy, which can be encountered in his dedications and his many references to the art, literature and culture [...]
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Vélez de Guevara, Rojas Zorrilla y Mira de Amescua, «El pleito que puso al diablo el cura de Madrilejos», estudio Piedad Bolaños y Abraham Madroñal, ed. Piedad Bolaños, Abraham Madroñal y C. George Peale, Newark, DE, Juan de la Cuesta, 2012
V. Roncero

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 7

Abstract
Book's review
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Vélez de Guevara, Luis, «Más pesa el rey que la sangre, y blasón de los Guzmanes», ed. William R. Manson y C. George Peale, est. introductorio Javier J. González Martínez, Newark, DE, Juan de la Cuesta, 2011, 162 pp. ISBN: 978-1-58871-211-0
A. Menéndez-Collera

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 14

Abstract
Book's review
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Autobiography and Mateo Alemán: Notes on his Philological Book in Colonial Mexico
F. Ramírez Santacruz

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 9

Abstract
In addition to being one of the founding fathers of the modern novel, Mateo Alemán also wrote a stimulating treatise on spelling reform published in 1609 in Colonial Mexico. The Ortografía castellana is widely considered one of the best books on spelling reform written in Early Modern Spain and its territories due to its unparalleled display of elaborate literary artifice. But beyond its great significance for the study of the history of language, orthographies and national identity, and the rise of phoneticism in the 16th century, Alemán’s book has an autobiographical dimension unparalleled among works of its kind. This autobiographical data consists of recollections of his childhood, his time at university, his conversations with school teachers, his work for the Contaduría Real, and many other events that transform his book into a personal diary. The present study examines the role of autobiography and how it determines the structure of the treatise. Our analysis will show that behind the autobiographical allusions hides a self-fashioning project whose main purpose is to create an image for posterity of the artist called Mateo Alemán and provide him with an epic background.
Abstract
In addition to being one of the founding fathers of the modern novel, Mateo Alemán also wrote a stimulating treatise on spelling reform published in 1609 in Colonial Mexico. [...]
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San Tirso de Toledo, Lope de Vega’s Lost Tragedy
A. Madroñal Durán

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 4

Abstract
This paper studies the series of fictional circumstances surrounding Lope’s lost tragedy, San Tirso de Toledo (1597), which was specifically commissioned by the town hall of Toledo to show that the city had a new patron saint, as the Jesuit Jerónimo Román de la Higuera wanted. It recounts the clash of opinions that the issue provoked between the town hall and the primate cathedral, as well as how Lope took sides in the matter. The study also provides the likely source of the tragedy and its exact date.
Abstract
This paper studies the series of fictional circumstances surrounding Lope’s lost tragedy, San Tirso de Toledo (1597), which was specifically commissioned by the town [...]
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Christophe Couderc et Hélène Tropé (éds), «La tragédie espagnole et son contexte européen, XVIe et XVIIe siècles», Paris, Presses Sorbonne Nouvelle, 2013, 269 pp. ISBN: 978-2-87854-611-8
L. Capique Schneider

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 8

Abstract
Book's review
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The fire in snow prisons: concerning the secret of love in Calderonian comedia
A. Vara López

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 3

Abstract
The main objective of this article is to find a pattern that explains the extraordinary profitability of the allusions to the decir sin decir, related to the hiding and revelation of the secret of love, one of the most recurrent themes in the Calderonian universe. For this, we will analyze fragments extracted from nine comedias of various genres and stages, which therefore can be considered a representative sample of the Calderonian modus scribendi.
Abstract
The main objective of this article is to find a pattern that explains the extraordinary profitability of the allusions to the decir sin decir, related to the hiding and revelation [...]
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Albert, Mechthild (ed.), «Sociabilidad y literatura en el Siglo de Oro», Madrid/Frankfurt, Iberoamericana/Vervuert, 2013, 396 pp. [Biblioteca Áurea Hispánica, 84.] ISBN: 978-84-8489-716-3 (Iberoamericana) / 978-3-86527-767-1 (Vervuert)
A. Sáez

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro (2014). Vol. 2, (1), 1

Abstract
Book's review
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GPGPU implementation of the BFECC algorithm for pure advection equations
S. Costarelli, M. Storti, R. Paz, L. Dalcin, S. Idelsohn

Cluster computing (2014). Vol. 17 (2), pp. 243-254

Abstract
In the present work an implementation of the Back and Forth Error Compensation and Correction (BFECC) algorithm specially suited for running on General-Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPUs) through Nvidia’s Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) is analyzed in order to solve transient pure advection equations. The objective is to compare it to a previous explicit version used in a Navier-Stokes solver fully written in CUDA. It turns out that BFECC could be implemented with unconditional stable stability using Semi-Lagrangian time integration allowing larger time steps than Eulerian ones.
Abstract
In the present work an implementation of the Back and Forth Error Compensation and Correction (BFECC) algorithm specially suited for running on General-Purpose Graphics Processing [...]
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Evaluating the performance of the particle finite element method in parallel architectures
J. Gimenez, N. Nigro, S. Idelsohn

Comp. Part. Mech. (2014). Vol. 1 (1), pp. 103-116

Abstract
This paper presents a high performance implementation for the particle-mesh based method called particle finite element method two (PFEM-2). It consists of a material derivative based formulation of the equations with a hybrid spatial discretization which uses an Eulerian mesh and Lagrangian particles. The main aim of PFEM-2 is to solve transport equations as fast as possible keeping some level of accuracy. The method was found to be competitive with classical Eulerian alternatives for these targets, even in their range of optimal application. To evaluate the goodness of the method with large simulations, it is imperative to use of parallel environments. Parallel strategies for Finite Element Method have been widely studied and many libraries can be used to solve Eulerian stages of PFEM-2. However, Lagrangian stages, such as streamline integration, must be developed considering the parallel strategy selected. The main drawback of PFEM-2 is the large amount of memory needed, which limits its application to large problems with only one computer. Therefore, a distributed-memory implementation is urgently needed. Unlike a shared-memory approach, using domain decomposition the memory is automatically isolated, thus avoiding race conditions; however new issues appear due to data distribution over the processes. Thus, a domain decomposition strategy for both particle and mesh is adopted, which minimizes the communication between processes. Finally, performance analysis running over multicore and multinode architectures are presented. The Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy number used influences the efficiency of the parallelization and, in some cases, a weighted partitioning can be used to improve the speed-up. However the total cputime for cases presented is lower than that obtained when using classical Eulerian strategies.
Abstract
This paper presents a high performance implementation for the particle-mesh based method called particle finite element method two (PFEM-2). It consists of a material derivative [...]
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Comparative accuracy and performance assessment of the finite point method in compressible flow problems
E. Ortega, E. Oñate, S. Idelsohn, R. Flores

Computers and Fluids (2014). Vol. 89, pp. 53-65

Abstract
A comparative assessment of the Finite Point Method (FPM) is presented. Using a wing-fuselage configuration under transonic inviscid flow conditions as reference test case, the performance of the FPM flow solver is compared with an equivalent edge-based Finite Element (FEM) implementation. Efficiency issues have discouraged practical application of meshless methods in the past. Thus, a simplification of the basic FPM technique is proposed in order to reduce the performance gap with respect to classical grid-based algorithms. A comparative evaluation of the accuracy, computational cost and parallel performance of the meshless implementation is carried out with the objective to assess the level of maturity of the technique and identify improvements still required to tackle practical applications. The results obtained show accuracy and performance of the core algorithm comparable to a conventional FEM implementation, thus removing a major obstacle for further developments of the FPM.
Abstract
A comparative assessment of the Finite Point Method (FPM) is presented. Using a wing-fuselage configuration under transonic inviscid flow conditions as reference test case, [...]
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Analysis of multifluid flows with large time steps using the particle finite element method
S. Idelsohn, J. Marti, P. Becker, E. Oñate

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids (2014). Vol. 75 (9), pp. 621-644

Abstract
Multifluids are those fluids in which their physical properties (viscosity or density) vary internally and abruptly forming internal interfaces that introduce a large nonlinearity in the Navier–Stokes equations. For this reason, standard numerical methods require very small time steps in order to solve accurately the internal interface position. In a previous paper, the authors developed a particle‐based method (named particle finite element method (PFEM)) based on a Lagrangian formulation and FEM for solving the fluid mechanics equations for multifluids. PFEM was capable of achieving accurate results, but the limitation of small time steps was still present. In this work, a new strategy concerning the time integration for the analysis of multifluids is developed allowing time steps one order of magnitude larger than the previous method. The advantage of using a Lagrangian solution with PFEM is shown in several examples. All kind of heterogeneous fluids (with different densities or viscosities), multiphase flows with internal interfaces, breaking waves, and fluid separation may be easily solved with this methodology without the need of small time steps.
Abstract
Multifluids are those fluids in which their physical properties (viscosity or density) vary internally and abruptly forming internal interfaces that introduce a large nonlinearity [...]
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