Documents published in 2014 : Scipedia

Goal-oriented space-time adaptivity for transient dynamics using a modal description of the adjoint solution
F. Verdugo, N. Parés, P. Diez

Computational Mechanics (2014). Vol. 54 (2), pp. 331-352

Abstract
This article presents a space-time adaptive strategy for transient elastodynamics. The method aims at computing an optimal space-time discretization such that the computed solution has an error in the quantity of interest below a user-defined tolerance. The methodology is based on a goal-oriented error estimate that requires accounting for an auxiliary adjoint problem. The major novelty of this paper is using modal analysis to obtain a proper approximation of the adjoint solution. The idea of using a modal-based description was introduced in a previous work for error estimation purposes. Here this approach is used for the first time in the context of adaptivity. With respect to the standard direct time-integration methods, the modal solution of the adjoint problem is highly competitive in terms of computational effort and memory requirements. The performance of the proposed strategy is tested in two numerical examples. The two examples are selected to be representative of different wave propagation phenomena, one being a 2D bulky continuum and the second a 2D domain representing a structural frame.
Abstract
This article presents a space-time adaptive strategy for transient elastodynamics. The method aims at computing an optimal space-time discretization such that the computed [...]
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Error assessment in structural transient dynamics
F. Verdugo, N. Parés, P. Diez

Archives of Comp. Meths. Engng. (2014). Vol. 21 (1), pp. 59-90

Abstract
This paper presents in a unified framework the most representative state-of-the-art techniques on a posteriori error assessment for second order hyperbolic problems, i.e., structural transient dynamics. For the sake of presentation, the error estimates are grouped in four types: recovery-based estimates, the dual weighted residual method, the constitutive relation error method and error estimates for timeline-dependent quantities of interest. All these methodologies give a comprehensive overview on the available error assessment techniques in structural dynamics, both for energy-like and goal-oriented estimates.
Abstract
This paper presents in a unified framework the most representative state-of-the-art techniques on a posteriori error assessment for second order hyperbolic problems, i.e., [...]
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Variational multi-scale stabilized formulations for the stationary three-field incompressible viscoelastic flow problem
E. Castillo, R. Codina

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2014). Vol. 279, pp. 579-605

Abstract
In this paper, three-field finite element stabilized formulations are proposed for the numerical solution of incompressible viscoelastic flows. These methods allow one to use equal interpolation for the problem unknowns σ–u–p (elastic deviatoric stress–velocity–pressure) and to stabilize dominant convective terms. Starting from residual-based stabilized formulations, the proposed method introduces a term-by-term stabilization which is shown to have a superior behavior when there are stress singularities. A general discontinuity-capturing technique for the elastic stress component is also proposed, which allows one to eliminate the local oscillations that can appear when the Weissenberg number We is high and the fluid flow finds an abrupt change in the geometry. The formulations are tested in the classical 4:1 planar contraction benchmark up to We=5 in the inertial case, with Reynolds number Re=1, and up to We=6.5 in the quasi non-inertial case, with Re=0.01. The standard Oldroyd-B constitutive model is used for the rheological behavior and linear and quadratic elements for the spatial approximation.
Abstract
In this paper, three-field finite element stabilized formulations are proposed for the numerical solution of incompressible viscoelastic flows. These methods allow one to [...]
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Stabilized stress–velocity–pressure finite element formulations of the Navier–Stokes problem for fluids with non-linear viscosity
E. Castillo, R. Codina

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2014). Vol. 279, pp. 554-578

Abstract
The three-field (stress–velocity–pressure) mixed formulation of the incompressible Navier–Stokes problem can lead to two different types of numerical instabilities. The first is associated with the incompressibility and loss of stability in the calculation of the stress field, and the second with the dominant convection. The first type of instabilities can be overcome by choosing an interpolation for the unknowns that satisfies the appropriate inf–sup conditions, whereas the dominant convection requires a stabilized formulation in any case. This paper proposes two stabilized schemes of Sub-Grid Scale (SGS) type, differing in the definition of the space of the sub-grid scales, and both allowing to use the same interpolation for the variables σ–u–p (deviatoric stress, velocity and pressure), even in problems where the convection component is dominant and the velocity–stress gradients are high. Another aspect considered in this work is the non-linearity of the viscosity, modeled with constitutive models of quasi-Newtonian type. This paper includes a description of the proposed methods, some of their implementation issues and a discussion about benefits and drawbacks of a three-field formulation. Several numerical examples serve to justify our claims.
Abstract
The three-field (stress–velocity–pressure) mixed formulation of the incompressible Navier–Stokes problem can lead to two different types of numerical instabilities. [...]
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Stability, convergence and accuracy of stabilized finite element methods for the wave equation in mixed form
S. Badia, R. Codina, H. Espinoza

SIAM J. Numer. Anal. (2014). Vol. 52 (4), pp. 1729-1752

Abstract
In this paper we propose two stabilized finite element methods for different functional frameworks of the wave equation in mixed form. These stabilized finite element methods are stable for any pair of interpolation spaces of the unknowns. The variational forms corresponding to different functional settings are treated in a unified manner through the introduction of length scales related to the unknowns. Stability and convergence analysis is performed together with numerical experiments. It is shown that modifying the length scales allows one to mimic at the discrete level the different functional settings of the continuous problem and influence the stability and accuracy of the resulting methods.
Abstract
In this paper we propose two stabilized finite element methods for different functional frameworks of the wave equation in mixed form. These stabilized finite element [...]
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Large eddy simulation of low Mach number flows using a dynamical and nonlinear finite element subgrid scale model
M. Ávila, R. Codina, J. Principe

Computers and Fluids (2014). Vol. 99, pp. 44-66

Abstract
Objective: In this article we study the approximation to thermal turbulence from a strictly numerical point of view, without the use of any physical model. The main goal is to analyze the behavior of our numerical method in the large eddy simulation (LES) of thermally coupled turbulent flows at low Mach number. Methods: Our numerical method is a stabilized finite element approximation based on the variational multiscale method, in which a decomposition of the approximating space into a coarse scale resolvable part and a fine scale subgrid part is performed. Modeling the subscale and taking its effect on the coarse scale problem into account results in a stable formulation. The quality of the final approximation (accuracy, efficiency as LES model) depends on the particular subscale model. The distinctive features of our approach are to consider the subscales as transient and to keep the scale splitting in all the nonlinear terms. Another important contribution of this work is the extension of the orthogonal subgrid scale method widely tested for incompressible flows to variable density flows, using a density-weighted L 2 product to define the orthogonality of the subscales and the finite element spaces. Results: Referring to numerical testing, we present numerical results for a laminar testcase validation that shows the dissipative behavior of the different stabilized methods. Then, we present results of the numerical simulation of two turbulent flow problems, the turbulent channel flow with large temperature differences in the wall normal direction at Res ¼ 180, and the turbulent thermally driven cavity with aspect ratio 4. The behavior of the method is evaluated by comparison against results available in the literature obtained using LES and direct numerical simulation (DNS). They are explained based on a careful analysis of the dissipative structure of the method, showing the physical interpretation of the subgrid scale method presented. Conclusion: The material presented here is a clear indication of the potential of the method to model all kinds of turbulent thermally coupled flows. The formulation is the same in laminar and turbulent regimes
Abstract
Objective: In this article we study the approximation to thermal turbulence from a strictly numerical point of view, without the use of any physical model. The main goal is [...]
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A Sommerfeld non-reflecting boundary condition for the wave equation in mixed form
H. Espinoza, R. Codina, S. Badia

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2014). Vol. 276, pp. 122-148

Abstract
In this paper we develop numerical approximations of the wave equation in mixed form supplemented with non-reflecting boundary conditions (NRBCs) of Sommerfeld-type on artificial boundaries for truncated domains. We consider three different variational forms for this problem, depending on the functional space for the solution, in particular, in what refers to the regularity required on artificial boundaries. Then, stabilized finite element methods that can mimic these three functional settings are described. Stability and convergence analyses of these stabilized formulations including the NRBC are presented. Additionally, numerical convergence test are evaluated for various polynomial interpolations, stabilization methods and variational forms. Finally, several benchmark problems are solved to determine the accuracy of these methods in 2D and 3D.
Abstract
In this paper we develop numerical approximations of the wave equation in mixed form supplemented with non-reflecting boundary conditions (NRBCs) of Sommerfeld-type on artificial [...]
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Error analysis of discontinuous Galerkin methods for the Stokes problem under minimum regularity
S. Badia, R. Codina, T. Gudi, J. Guzmán

IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis (2014). Vol. 34 (2), pp. 800-819

Abstract
In this article, we analyse several discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods for the Stokes problem under minimal regularity on the solution. We assume that the velocity u belongs to[H10(Ω)]d and the pressurep∈L20(Ω). First, we analyse standard DG methods assuming that the right-hand side f belongs to[H−1(Ω)∩L1(Ω)]d.A DG method that is well defined for f belonging to [H−1(Ω)]d is then investigated. The methods under study include stabilized DG methods using equal-order spaces and inf–sup stable ones where the pressure space is one polynomial degree less than the velocity space.
Abstract
In this article, we analyse several discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods for the Stokes problem under minimal regularity on the solution. We assume that the velocity u belongs [...]
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Numerical simulation and visualization of material flow in friction stir welding via particle tracing
N. Dialami, M. Chiumenti, M. Cervera, C. Agelet de Saracibar, J. Ponthot, P. Bussetta

(2014). S. Idelsohn (Ed.), Numerical Simulations of Coupled Problems in Engineering, Part III, Chapter 7 Computational Methods, Vol. 33, Springer, pp. 157-169

Abstract
This work deals with the numerical simulation and material flow visualization of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) processes. The 4-th order Runge-Kutta (RK4) integration method is used for the computation of particle trajectories. The particle tracing method is used to study the effect of input process parameters and pin shapes on the weld quality. The results show that the proposed method is suitable for the optimization of the FSW process.
Abstract
This work deals with the numerical simulation and material flow visualization of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) processes. The 4-th order Runge-Kutta (RK4) integration method [...]
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Shaped metal deposition processes
C. Agelet de Saracibar, A. Lundbäck, M. Chiumenti, M. Cervera

(2014). R.B. Hetnarski (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Thermal Stresses Springer Dordrecht, Heidelberg, New York, London,, pp. 4346-4355

Abstract
The shaped metal deposition (SMD) process is a novel manufacturing technology which is similar to the multi-pass welding used for building features such as lugs and flanges on components [1–7]. This innovative technique is of great interest due to the possibility of employing standard welding equipment without the need for extensive new investment [8, 9]. The numerical simulation of SMD processes has been one of the research topics of great interest over the last years and requires a fully coupled thermo-mechanical formulation, including phase-change phenomena defined in terms of both latent heat release and shrinkage effects [1–6]. It is shown how computational welding mechanics models can be used to model SMD for prediction of temperature evolution, transient, as well as residual stresses and distortions due to the successive welding layers deposited. Material behavior is characterized by a thermo-elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model coupled with a metallurgical model [6]. Two different materials, nickel superalloy 718 [6] and titanium Ti-6Al-4 V 28/5/2014 Shaped Metal Deposition Processes - Springer http://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-94-007-2739-7_808/fulltext.html 2/15 [7], are considered in this work. Both heat convection and heat radiation models are introduced to dissipate heat through the boundaries of the component. The in-house-developed coupled thermomechanical finite element (FE) software COMET [10] is used to deal with the numerical simulation, and an ad hoc activation methodology is formulated to simulate the deposition of the different layers of filler material.
Abstract
The shaped metal deposition (SMD) process is a novel manufacturing technology which is similar to the multi-pass welding used for building features such as lugs and flanges [...]
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Updated Lagrangian mixed finite element formulation for quasi and fully incompressible fluids
E. Oñate, J. Carbonell

Computational Mechanics (2014). Vol. 54 (6), pp. 1583-1596, 2014

Abstract
We present a mixed velocity-pressure finite element formulation for solving the updated Lagrangian equations for quasi and fully incompressible fluids. Details of the governing equations for the conservation of momentum and mass are given in both differential and variational form. The finite element interpolation uses an equal order approximation for the velocity and pressure unknowns. The procedure for obtaining stabilized FEM solutions is outlined. The solution in time of the discretized governing conservation equations using an incremental iterative segregated scheme is described. The linearization of these equations and the derivation of the corresponding tangent stiffness matrices is detailed. Other iterative schemes for the direct computation of the nodal velocities and pressures at the updated configuration are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of choosing the current or the updated configuration as the reference configuration in the Lagrangian formulation are discussed.
Abstract
We present a mixed velocity-pressure finite element formulation for solving the updated Lagrangian equations for quasi and fully incompressible fluids. Details of the governing [...]
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Characterization of mechanical properties of biological tissue – Application to the FEM analysis of the urinary bladder
E. Oñate, F. Bellomo, V. Monteiro, S. Oller, L. Nallim

(2014). Multiscale Simulations and Mechanics of Biological Materials, S. Li et al (Eds), Wiley

Abstract
An approach is presented for studying the mechanical behavior of soft biological tissue using the finite‐element method and a general constitutive model. The overall computational approach is used for the analysis of the mechanical behavior of the urinary bladder. Bladder tissue is modeled as a composite material formed by a soft matrix reinforced with preferentially oriented fibers. A procedure for identifying the mechanical properties of the main constituents of the bladder tissue by an inverse method is detailed. The mechanical parameters are used for the numerical simulation of the mechanical behavior of the bladder during filling within the finite‐element method.
Abstract
An approach is presented for studying the mechanical behavior of soft biological tissue using the finite‐element method and a general constitutive model. The overall computational [...]
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Analysis of segmentally constructed prestressed concrete bridges using hexahedral elements with realistic tendon profiles
P. Norachan, K. Kim, E. Oñate

Journal of Structural Engineering (2014). Vol. 140 (6), pp. 04014028/1-17

Abstract
The paper presents a systematically numerical procedure based on the finite-element method for three-dimensional analysis of segmentally constructed prestressed concrete bridges using hexahedral elements including realistic tendon profiles. The enhanced assumed strain (EAS) is used in the formulation of the hexahedral element in order to improve the element performances. Both the geometric nonlinearity and time-dependent effects due to creep, shrinkage, and aging of the concrete and relaxation of the prestress are taken into account, while variations of the structural configuration due to changes of the structural geometry and boundary conditions during the construction process are also incorporated. To include realistic tendon profiles, the idealized prestressing tendon is represented by a system of piecewise linear prestressing segments. Several numerical examples in a wide range of prestressed concrete structures are presented to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed procedure. Finally, application to the erection of a segmentally erected prestressed concrete bridge is discussed at the end of the paper.
Abstract
The paper presents a systematically numerical procedure based on the finite-element method for three-dimensional analysis of segmentally constructed prestressed concrete bridges [...]
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Delamination in laminated plates using the 4-noded quadrilateral qlrz plate element based on the refined zigzag theory
A. Eijo, E. Oñate, S. Oller

Composite Structures (2014). Vol. 108, pp. 456-471

Abstract
A numerical method based on the Refined Zigzag Theory (RZT) to model delamination in composite laminated plate/shell structures is presented. The originality of this method is the use of 4-noded quadrilateral plate finite elements whit only seven variables per node to discretize the plate/shell geometry. The ability to capture the relative displacement between consecutive layers in fracture mode II and III is the more important advantage of this element, denoted QLRZ. A continuum isotropic damage model is used to model the mechanical behavior of the plies. The material non-lineal problem is solved with the modified Newton–Raphson method. The RZT plate theory, the QLRZ finite element and the isotropic damage model are described in this work. Also, the implicit integration algorithm is presented. The performance of the numerical model is analyzed by studying the delamination in a rectangular plate for two different laminates, using the 3D analysis as the reference solution
Abstract
A numerical method based on the Refined Zigzag Theory (RZT) to model delamination in composite laminated plate/shell structures is presented. The originality of this method [...]
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Geometry optimization of the diffuser for the supersonic wind tunnel using genetic algorithm and adaptive mesh refinement technique
M. Kouhi, M. Manshadi, E. Oñate

Aerospace Science and Technology (2014). Vol. 36, pp. 64-74, 2014

Abstract
Design of two-dimensional supersonic diffusers as a part of the wind tunnel is investigated in this paper. A methodology based on the mixture of try-and-error method and optimization algorithm is developed to handle the design problem. In the first design step, using try-and-error approach, the main parameters related to the geometry of diffuser such as length, angle and area ratio between the throat and the outlet are determined assuming a diffuser with linear walls. The design criterion in this step is the fact that the shock wave should be created near the diffuser throat in order to benefit from the maximum efficiency of diffuser. In the second design step, considering the optimization methodology, it is tried to improve the optimum design obtained in the first step by modifying the wall point locations and keeping the rest of the geometry fixed. Hence, an optimization problem is defined to find the best curve for the diffuser wall instead of the a linear one used the in the first step. The objective function of this problem is to minimize the output Mach number using Genetic Algorithm (GA). The fluid flow is evaluated using the Euler equations in the conservative form where the Streamline-Upwind/Petrov–Galerkin (SUPG) finite element scheme is used to discretize the flow equations. In order to capture the flow solution around the shock waves accurately, the adaptive mesh refinement technique is coupled to the flow solution. The demonstrated results show the efficiency of the proposed method for designing supersonic diffusers
Abstract
Design of two-dimensional supersonic diffusers as a part of the wind tunnel is investigated in this paper. A methodology based on the mixture of try-and-error method [...]
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A two-step monolithic method for the efficient simulation of incompressible flows
P. Ryzhakov, J. Cotela, R. Rossi, E. Oñate

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids (2014). Vol 74 (12), pp. 919-934

Abstract
We propose a simple technique for improving computationally the efficiency of monolithic velocity–pressure solvers for incompressible flow problems. The idea consists in solving the discrete nonlinear system of governing equations in two steps: introducing ‘artificial’ compressibility first and afterwards correcting the solution by solving the original incompressible system. The speed‐up is obtained because of a better conditioning of the modified discrete system solved at the prediction step. The formulation can be easily implemented into existing monolithic codes requiring minor modification only. The paper concludes with two examples validating the formulation and facilitating the estimation of the obtained speed‐up. For the tests chosen, an average speed‐up is approximately double, suggesting that the method is a feasible approach for incompressible flows' simulation.
Abstract
We propose a simple technique for improving computationally the efficiency of monolithic velocity–pressure solvers for incompressible flow problems. The idea consists [...]
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Meloda, a metric to assess open date reuse
A. Abella, M. Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado, C. De-Pablos-Heredero

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (6), 85

Abstract
Current policies demanding an increase in transparency, open government, and the implementation of smart cities necessitate publishing open data. However, there are limited mechanisms for assessing the use and value of this information. The goal of this paper is to present a new metric, Meloda , that qualifies the information and helps to assess its reusability. Meloda ’s four dimensions are described: technical standards, access, legal considerations, and data model. Finally, Meloda ’s assessment process is explained.
Abstract
Current policies demanding an increase in transparency, open government, and the implementation of smart cities necessitate publishing open data. However, there are limited [...]
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Agenda
-. EPI

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (1), 84

Abstract
Jornadas,
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H Index Scholar: the h-index for Spanish public universities’ professors of humanities and social sciences
E. Delgado-López-Cózar, E. Orduña-Malea, E. Jiménez-Contreras, R. Ruiz-Pérez

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (1), 83

Abstract
The H-Index Scholar is a bibliometric index that measures the productivity and scientific impact of the academic production in humanities and social sciences by professors and researchers at public Spanish universities. The methodology consisted of counting their publications and citations received in Google Scholar. The main features and characteristics of the index are explained. Despite technical and methodological problems that Google Scholar might have as a source of information, the authors estimate that they do not affect substantially the calculated h and g indexes, probably being the error lower than 10%. The total population analyzed was 40,993 researchers, but data are displayed only for 13,518 researchers, the ones located in the first tertile of their respective areas.
Abstract
The H-Index Scholar is a bibliometric index that measures the productivity and scientific impact of the academic production in humanities and social sciences by professors [...]
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Library science analysis of Mexican television news on the web
S. Soto-Hernández, C. Naumis-Peña

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (1), 82

Abstract
Television is unquestionably a vehicle that socializes the journalistic tale of the human experience. The evolution of journalistic documentation and the need to respond to the organization of content generated in video collections and television archives, in particular news broadcasts, have created new areas and niches of opportunity for library and information science professionals. The research that is being carried out in Mexico on the analysis of news broadcasts and content representation on the web is presented. The documentary news treatment is crucial to strengthen the quality of content representation and ensure the relevance of discourse analysis for its organization, accessibility and preservation. The visibility of television news on the Web could be lessened due to deficiencies in metadata description.
Abstract
Television is unquestionably a vehicle that socializes the journalistic tale of the human experience. The evolution of journalistic documentation and the need to respond to [...]
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Five years of digital experience in TVE news services: a new approach to content management
P. Muñoz-de-la-Peña-Costero, S. Meana-Alonso, S. Sáez-Carreras

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (1), 81

Abstract
TVE (Spanish public TV) news services have undergone a great changeover to a digital production system. The current situation after five years of experience is described, along with the evolution of tools, procedures and professional profiles during this time. The new design of content management is described, understood as the control of media from the point of entry to the production system to recovery from the digital file for reuse. In the center of this cooperative and integrated approach to content management is the content manager, that structures the system and the articulation between the different components. At the beginning of 2009, 100% of the Archive material came from videotape recordings. In 2012, only 18%: the other 82% were restorations from digital Archive.
Abstract
TVE (Spanish public TV) news services have undergone a great changeover to a digital production system. The current situation after five years of experience is described, [...]
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Reuse of television archives footage: property and use rights
P. Hidalgo-Goyanes, I. López-de-Solís

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (1), 80

Abstract
The reuse of archive footage is usual in television productions to complete or contextualize a story, to develop a biography or to cover anniversaries. Other times it is used when there are no current images related to the story or just to fill the schedule grid. However, not all archive materials can be reused; contractual rights, intellectual property and individuals’ fundamental rights must be preserved. The lack of awareness of these standards and restrictions can create problems. Pictures from the Internet have become another common audiovisual source, but due to their special characteristics, they must be used very carefully.
Abstract
The reuse of archive footage is usual in television productions to complete or contextualize a story, to develop a biography or to cover anniversaries. Other times it is used [...]
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Film archives at the crossroads. Function and expansion of film archive activity in the new digital landscape
P. García-Casado, J. Alberich-Pascual

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (1), 79

Abstract
The intense digital change that is taking place in the world of cinema presents significant future challenges for film archives. This article reviews the extent to which the basis for the activities of film libraries founded in the 1930s remains valid in the information age, along with key debates questioning their identity and role in the 21st century. We explore the lines of film archives expansion that are being drawn in the current digital context, and finally offer a response to the crossroads that film libraries face today if they do not want to become isolated.
Abstract
The intense digital change that is taking place in the world of cinema presents significant future challenges for film archives. This article reviews the extent to which the [...]
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Discussion moderation in online media. The case of Marca newspaper
H. López-González, F. Guerrero-Solé

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (1), 78

Abstract
User-generated content management poses a challenge to the media. It requires professional handling in order to facilitate user engagement and avoid verbal aggression. To illustrate this point, the article examines the comments posted to the online edition of Marca, the major Spanish sports newspaper. Empirical assessments of the data alongside interviews with the people in charge of the service were utilized. The analysis of the automatic filters, the Moderation Technology Platform (MTP), as well as the human filters comprehensively shows the itinerary through the system of every posted message. The study reflects on the best strategies to improve the quality of the online discussion. Results: The user history and the vocabulary blacklist seem to be the fundamental tools for moderating user comments. Marca removes 40% of the comments received. In practice, it has been observed that the percentage of inappropriate posts increases with the total number of posts sent by each reader: for 2 posts the rejection rate may be 14%, but for 9 it can reach 33%. One key issue to improve the quality of comments is the involvement of journalists in the conversations.
Abstract
User-generated content management poses a challenge to the media. It requires professional handling in order to facilitate user engagement and avoid verbal aggression. To [...]
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Use of film sequences to illustrate news by the information services of a regional television station
L. Castillo-Blasco, C. Soler-Monreal, M. Rodríguez-Armengol

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (1), 77

Abstract
A quantitative and thematic study of the use of film sequences in television news editing has been performed. Only cases where films illustrate news pieces about non-cinema related topics were taken into consideration. The basic legal aspects about the use of these sequences are mentioned. The study results can help in the decision-making process about tasks related to the analysis of trailers and electronic press kits. In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the use of film clips in the news, especially on issues of “Society” (40% of total). The results show that 20% of the use is as a metonymic function (when one element is replaced for another with which it has a close relationship, causal, spatial or temporal, and the pictures do not show the narrative element but something that is part of it, such as replacing an author for his work) and 80% environmental or illustrative (supporting the information offered). When extracts do not exceed 20 seconds, may be used without legal permission, what is known as a fair use chrestomathy.
Abstract
A quantitative and thematic study of the use of film sequences in television news editing has been performed. Only cases where films illustrate news pieces about non-cinema [...]
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Advertising documents in film archives: importance, present situation and difficulties of analysis
J. Zabala-Vázquez, M. Sánchez-Galán

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (1), 76

Abstract
Many important filmmakers have perfected their cinematographic technique by filming advertisements. For this reason, it is not surprising that advertising materials are often included when filmmakers donate their work to a film archive. However, these materials are not always properly catalogued and their dissemination and use is quite limited. This paper describes the quantity and variety of advertising documents preserved in the Spanish film archives, emphasizes their importance as primary information sources for understanding the history of advertising in particular and of cinematography in general, and explains some of the difficulties and challenges of analysing them as documents. The challenge of documentary control of these materials lies not only in the amount of work, but 1) the lack of a methodology that encompasses all documentary procedures and 2) the lack of qualified personnel.
Abstract
Many important filmmakers have perfected their cinematographic technique by filming advertisements. For this reason, it is not surprising that advertising materials are often [...]
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Use of archival footage in audiovisual advertising: case studies
E. De-la-Cuadra-de-Colmenares, I. López-de-Solís, M. Nuño-Moral

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (1), 75

Abstract
Audiovisual advertising tells short stories in a few seconds, using techniques inherited from cinema and television. A resource that gives a special tone or tint to the story is the use of archival images. Some cases are analyzed to describe the different uses of archival footage in audiovisual advertising.
Abstract
Audiovisual advertising tells short stories in a few seconds, using techniques inherited from cinema and television. A resource that gives a special tone or tint to the story [...]
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Television documentation centres and documentary products
M. Giménez-Rayo, J. Guallar

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (1), 74

Abstract
The article presents a survey research in 10 documentation centres of Spanish television stations. The authors analyze first the current situation of television documentation tasks after digitization, and the emergence of journalists participation in some of these tasks. Second, we analyze the implementation level, typology and problems of developing documentary products in the documentation centres. For the first time we report a map of the implementation of documentary products in the Spanish television stations. Other results found were: journalists perform the selection of the original materials in 8 of the 10 television stations studied; few documentary products combine text and audiovisual information, and these are usually created for internal use in the news room and not for the audience.
Abstract
The article presents a survey research in 10 documentation centres of Spanish television stations. The authors analyze first the current situation of television documentation [...]
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Traits and trajectories of audiovisual documentation: achievements, challenges and chimeras
E. López-de-Quintana-Sáenz

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (1), 73

Abstract
Although many analogic audiovisual archives are still awaiting a digitization project that guarantees their preservation and public access, a massive generation of audiovisual content is taking place, once the source has completed the transition to digital production and distribution. The demand for an increasingly diversified production at TV stations is leading to the need to prioritize image retrieval from the archives for reuse. Efficient alternatives for automatic metadata extraction, indexing and searching are sought, and text information to describe images continues to be necessary. The documentary image processing is extremely costly in human resources, with dedication times of two, three or even more times the length of the treated material. In parallel, part of the audiovisual production is indexed during the production process by people other than archivists, librarians or information scientists. Therefore, a transformation of the traditional tasks carried out by the above mentioned professionals is becoming more evident; on the other hand, these professionals continue to be isolated and less hybridized than expected with other labor profiles.
Abstract
Although many analogic audiovisual archives are still awaiting a digitization project that guarantees their preservation and public access, a massive generation of audiovisual [...]
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Cataloging cartographic documents with RDA
E. Novotná

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (2), 72

Abstract
The article discusses new RDA (Resource description and access) cataloguing rules, which are based on the FRBR and FRAD conceptual model. The basic entities (work, expression, manifestation and item), as well as their attributes and relationships are described, and RDA structure and substantial changes from existing AACR2 rules explained. New terminology, new cataloguing models, and specifically “the rule of three” are included, no abbreviations, annotations of numbers and errors, and use of square brackets. New MARC 21 fields are explained: the 264 field for publisher data and the 3XX field for content, media and carrier types. The paper addresses the application of these changes in cartographic documents, especially in the 255 field for mathematical data elements, containing a sub-field for scale, cartographic projections and coordinates, and in the physical description field, including record samples. The essential role in the RDA development and training of cataloguers for cartographic documents is carried out by an expert group called Magirt (ALA). The rules offer freedom of application for cataloguers and cataloguing agencies; therefore, their interpretation is required, taking into account national cataloguing conventions. The instructions have already been translated into the major world languages.
Abstract
The article discusses new RDA (Resource description and access) cataloguing rules, which are based on the FRBR and FRAD conceptual model. The basic entities (work, expression, [...]
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University policies on information dissemination through their institutional websites
M. Pérez-Montoro

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (2), 71

Abstract
Information dissemination has become a critical element of universities’ strategic plans. Concerned about their position in the international rankings that evaluate this kind of institutions, universities also begin to worry about their information dissemination strategies and their institutional websites. This article addresses the main functions of the university website; the process of analysis, design and implementation in the production of this kind of websites; the minimum elements to be included in a university web style guide; and some key national and international style guide standards and references.
Abstract
Information dissemination has become a critical element of universities’ strategic plans. Concerned about their position in the international rankings that evaluate this [...]
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The new canon for universities: after the appropriation of the digital canon for private copies, now that of open access
J. De-la-Cueva-González-Cotera

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (2), 70

Abstract
The current reform of Spain’s copyright law incorporates a new levy on universities that is related to open access to publications. It will be collected by the Spanish agency Cedro (Centro Español de Derechos Reprográficos ) and the virtual campuses of universities will be required to comply. We analyze a regulatory precedent in Spain for this legal reform, which levied a tax on potential private photocopying (for personal or “fair” use). This precedent has common features with the current reform: the levy on private copying was an appropriation of public access to print information, while the levy on universities implies the appropriation of the digital commons.
Abstract
The current reform of Spain’s copyright law incorporates a new levy on universities that is related to open access to publications. It will be collected by the Spanish agency [...]
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Information policies, university libraries and development: Reflections from university cooperation
C. Urbano

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (2), 69

Abstract
Reflection on the interaction between national information policies and development cooperation projects in the field ofacademic and research libraries. The evolution of the information policy concept, its relation to development cooperation, and the central role that for nearly seventy years Unesco has played on those matters are analyzed. Finally, cooperation scenarios in which professionals of university and research libraries in developing countries could develop projects aligned with national information policies are examined.
Abstract
Reflection on the interaction between national information policies and development cooperation projects in the field ofacademic and research libraries. The evolution of the [...]
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Plans and activities of communication professionals in Chilean museums. Problems and perspectives
C. Antoine, J. Carmona

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (2), 68

Abstract
The concept of museum communication is examined from the perspective of the professionals in charge of this task, characterizing the practical circumstances, perceptions, and specifics of the communication area. Through a series of interviews with managers of a group of Chilean museums, we identified elements to consider and problems that often affect museum communications in general, despite the diversity of these institutions. In the museums examined, we observed different ways of understanding the concept of communication. Such differences are linked to geographical location, ownership or affiliation, as well as other dimensions of the museum such as mission, objectives of the institution, and the communications vision.
Abstract
The concept of museum communication is examined from the perspective of the professionals in charge of this task, characterizing the practical circumstances, perceptions, [...]
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Effects of the economic crisis on Spanish libraries
H. Hernández-Sánchez, N. Arroyo-Vázquez

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (2), 67

Abstract
Libraries in Spain, like other institutions, have been affected by the economic crisis. The effects and their consequences are studied in this paper, based on available library statistics. A significant decrease in expenditure for materials, the downgrading of collections, library closures and a growing increase in usage were observed in 2012. Changes in content consumption habits are also highlighted, with special attention to adaptations to digital change. Facts 2012: the operating costs of Spanish libraries amounted to 990.1 million euros (+0.54% compared to 2010); if the increase in the CPI is taken into account, the cost increase is actually 5%. Personnel expenses represent 66.9%. Public libraries (PLs) reported 594 fewer employees than in 2010 and there were 154 fewer in academic libraries (-5.6% and -2.6%, respectively). The PLs incorporated 3.5 million volumes (-31.2% compared to 2010). Visits to libraries: Total 216.4 million (in PLs +20.5% / 2010); 401 libraries (20%) did not have computers for public use and 46.5% had no opac yet.
Abstract
Libraries in Spain, like other institutions, have been affected by the economic crisis. The effects and their consequences are studied in this paper, based on available library [...]
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Situation of neuromarketing in Spain
C. Andreu-Sánchez, A. Contreras-Gracia, M. Martín-Pascual

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (2), 66

Abstract
Neuromarketing has existed for just over a decade, and its theoretical framework, techniques and research methods have been defined during these years. The absence of legislation regulating neuromarketing experiments and the secrecy of the private sector due to its client agreements, it is difficult to know how brands use this discipline. Currently, the scientific sector in Spain has great interest in neuromarketing. Sixteen of Spain’s 75 universities (21%) have a research group, institute or center that studies neuromarketing, but this activity has had little international impact. Meanwhile, a fifth of the Spanish professional commercial sector shows real interest in neuromarketing, either having a separate department dedicated to it or offering this service to others. Ethics, traditionally presented as an impediment to the development of neuromarketing, should not pose a problem for the development of this field of knowledge.
Abstract
Neuromarketing has existed for just over a decade, and its theoretical framework, techniques and research methods have been defined during these years. The absence of legislation [...]
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Spanish companies offering information management: services, organization, employment and prospects
A. Paños-Álvarez, P. Saura-Meroño

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (2), 65

Abstract
In recent years, very few studies have classified and analysed the evolution of the business activities carried out by Spanish companies that provide information and document management services. Aware of the importance that these issues have for university centers and for graduate students of library and information science, this article presents the results obtained from an analysis of these companies, comparing them with available data from previous studies. Types of services currently offered by these companies, their geographical distribution, business scope, size and age, current data on their employment and selection policies, and future prospects in the midst of the current economic crisis are described. Novel contributions of this report are the analysis of business scope and age of these companies and the factors they take into account when selecting their employees.
Abstract
In recent years, very few studies have classified and analysed the evolution of the business activities carried out by Spanish companies that provide information and document [...]
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Social responsibility and sustainability in the Spanish university libraries
J. Herrera-Morillas, A. Castillo-Díaz, M. Pérez-Pulido

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (2), 64

Abstract
This compilation and analysis of the initiatives related to social responsibility and sustainability in 71 Spanish university libraries obtained information primarily from web sites and print materials: activities reports, brochures, strategic plans and collection management documents. To organise and analyse the information, a list of 5 categories was developed, covering 21 elements. In 61 (85.9%) of the universities analysed, some type of library activity related to social responsibility and sustainability was identified.
Abstract
This compilation and analysis of the initiatives related to social responsibility and sustainability in 71 Spanish university libraries obtained information primarily from [...]
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Financial crisis and North-South gap within the main media groups in the EU
F. Fernández-Fernández, F. Campos-Freire

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (2), 63

Abstract
The financial crisis and the economic adjustments within the most important media groups of the European Union (EU) have enlarged the North-South gap regarding financial strength, competitiveness and capitalisation, favouring Center European and UK patterns. The financial results of the 93 biggest media groups and enterprises in the EU provide evidence of not only the pernicious effects of financialization, but also the increase of regional divergences within the EU-28. The Mediterranean countries, which have got the worst results in all of the indicators analysed, are the most exposed to those dangers and confirm the poor advances of the media sector regarding convergence of management and economic solidity, at the expense of their capability to fulfil their social aims. The crisis has strengthened the position of the media groups in the North in front of the weakened South, that already had a greater dependence by its greater exposure to partisan interests. The daily circulation of press in the EU fell from 115.33 million copies distributed in 2008 to 82.54 in 2012, 27.73% less. 64.5% of the major media listed in the EU-28 is concentrated in five countries. 52.7% of the media has significant holdings in financial institutions.
Abstract
The financial crisis and the economic adjustments within the most important media groups of the European Union (EU) have enlarged the North-South gap regarding financial strength, [...]
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Public policies for the development of digital content industry: an international prospective
A. Urueña-López, A. Hidalgo-Nuchera

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (2), 62

Abstract
This research has been an analysis of public policies for the development of the digital content industry developed in Germany, UK, France and Italy (countries close to our cultural, economic and political) and Israel and the United States (countries with high development of digital content sector). The analysis of policy measures in these countries has identified three lines of action: creating and fostering entrepreneurial centers, finding new ways to deliver content to specific programs demand and internationalization. For each action line describes specific policy measures in the countries under comparison that, according to national and international experts, have had an impact on the development of the digital content industry in selected countries and could be of interest for application to the content sector in Spain.
Abstract
This research has been an analysis of public policies for the development of the digital content industry developed in Germany, UK, France and Italy (countries close to our [...]
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Information policies and scientific publication
I. Aguillo

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (2), 61

Abstract
The lack of an integrated information policy for scientific activity evaluation has led to a wide range of information products and services that are used for such purposes, although they were not originally designed for that. While it is true that these tools have limitations and deficiencies, and in several cases are technologically and methodologically obsolete, possibly the biggest problem is sustainability in the present times of economic crisis, especially if they do not take on new strategic tasks, such as assessment, which is a priority today. Various products are reviewed in this critical essay: scientific journal portals, with the recommendation to implement value added systems like SciELO instead of simple database management; current databases on offer, with questions about having national products without metrics; institutional repositories, with the observation that they have forgotten to serve authors, their real end users; and institutional ranking systems, suggesting that some have not learned from the successes of those based on composite indicators. Recommendations include institutional coordination of services; professionalism versus incompetence; and an end to the economic drain caused both by licensing underused databases and by maintaining outdated policies based on criteria that have been abandoned at the international level.
Abstract
The lack of an integrated information policy for scientific activity evaluation has led to a wide range of information products and services that are used for such purposes, [...]
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What do we mean when we talk about information policies
L. Anglada

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (2), 60

Abstract
An information policy is a concerted action of various agents with information as the object, having as a purpose certain goals. The crisis we face is not only economic but also technological and due to changes in the organizational model, and we are already seeing some effects of deregulation and no planning. We can only establish solid information policies if we find a set of actions around which a wide spectrum of agents can be aligned without friction. 1. In the print world, policies should allow us to determine what exists and make that easily accessible, and know what is little used and will tend to be used less and ensure that it is preserved. 2. Research funding institutions can and must agree to facilitate open access to information and data. 3. Finally, the library-organization must be able to provide digital books, offer digital information that anybody can use, and ensure that born-digital materials are passed on to future generations. To this we must add the need to plan for information literacy training in schools. In these times of change, surrounded by uncertainty and some notable weaknesses, part of our professional duties should be devoted to elaborate agreements enabling us to take coordinated action in certain directions.
Abstract
An information policy is a concerted action of various agents with information as the object, having as a purpose certain goals. The crisis we face is not only economic but [...]
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Agenda
-. EPI

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (3), 59

Abstract
Congresos,
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Searching records visually
I. Medrano-Corrales, D. Ruiz-Macías, M. Escalona-Cuaresma

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (3), 58

Abstract
We present the results of the application of visualization techniques to search large sets of records, under the framework of the “Project of innovation in record management applied to transport infrastructure services and works procurement dossiers”. We started from a metadata schema as the origin of the information used to create visualizations. Four visualization techniques –timeline, cluster, cloud and map- and their metadata are exhaustively described.
Abstract
We present the results of the application of visualization techniques to search large sets of records, under the framework of the “Project of innovation in record management [...]
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Information visualization and retrieval in the semantic web
J. Morato, S. Sánchez-Cuadrado, A. Ruiz-Robles, J. Moreiro-González

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (3), 57

Abstract
The authors have questioned how the semantic web search engines work and if the graphical display of the search results improves the retrieval. The types of queries that can be performed, as well as the main features of a semantic search engine, have been analyzed. A query was selected and executed in semantic search engines with online access to DBpedia. The basic and desirable functionality in a semantic web search engine, and reviewed studies about the evaluation of semantic search engines have been studied. Finally, there have been analyzed the graphic solutions for displaying the results of some search engines. The main findings underlines the idea that graphical solutions to display query results do not meet the expectations proposed in the bibliography.
Abstract
The authors have questioned how the semantic web search engines work and if the graphical display of the search results improves the retrieval. The types of queries that can [...]
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Information visualization in data democratization: proposals from journalism and storytelling
C. Sánchez-Bonvehí, M. Ribera

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (3), 56

Abstract
Information visualization is reviewed from the communication perspective, which is considered a new formula for disseminating information to a heterogeneous audience of people not specialized in the analysis of quantitative data. The principle of storytelling is incorporated as a tool to hold the attention and direct the reading of the visualizations, and to complement the two traditional bases of the discipline: perception and interaction. The reflection is accompanied by visualizations published in the framework of mass communication, ranging from examples in the English-speaking mainstream press to online applications aimed at making information accessible to the general public.
Abstract
Information visualization is reviewed from the communication perspective, which is considered a new formula for disseminating information to a heterogeneous audience of people [...]
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Media credibility: analysis of the daily press based on consumer behaviour
C. Calvo-Porral, V. Martínez-Fernández, Ó. Juanatey-Boga

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (3), 55

Abstract
We analysed mass media credibility, focusing particularly on generalist journals. We carried out structural equation modeling, based on a sample comprised of 454 questionnaires relative to the newspapers El país, El mundo, Abc, La razón and La voz de Galicia , in order to analyze the antecedents and consequences of credibility. The results obtained show the important influence of perceived quality, media image and awareness on consumers’ attitudes, along with the influence of attitude on media credibility. Our findings provide useful insights for mass media managers that may enhance media image and awareness, along with consumers’ perceptions of quality, in an increasingly competitive environment.
Abstract
We analysed mass media credibility, focusing particularly on generalist journals. We carried out structural equation modeling, based on a sample comprised of 454 questionnaires [...]
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Media literacy and co-innovation in microenterprises: first evidence in Spain
J. Martínez-Cerdá, J. Torrent-Sellens

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (3), 54

Abstract
The inexorable progress of ICT has brought about radical changes in the social and business world. In this context, new patterns of communication and participation, especially since the advent of Web 2.0, and the widespread use of smartphones by the whole population, are particularly striking. In this situation, it is essential to establish what kind of personal skills related to the efficient use of media can be useful from a business perspective, and how these media literacy skills can be aligned with other factors, such as innovation, that determine the competitiveness of companies. In this paper, we analyze the media skills of workers and their connections to the innovation processes in microenterprises. With this analytical objective, exploratory fieldwork has been done in a sample of 154 professionals working in Spanish microenterprises.
Abstract
The inexorable progress of ICT has brought about radical changes in the social and business world. In this context, new patterns of communication and participation, especially [...]
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AdWords, images, and banner blindness: an eye-tracking study
L. Ortiz-Chaves, E. Martínez-de-Pisón, G. Cancela-López-Carrión, J. Gonçalves-de-Vasconcellos, M. Marcos

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (3), 53

Abstract
Unlike most online advertising, Google opts for a purely textual model in the ads showed in its results pages. This paper presents an eye-tracking study conducted to determine if right-side graphic elements in Google AdWords affect users’ visual behavior. AdWords have been modified to contain logos and pictures. The analysis concludes that the appearance of images does not change user interaction with ads, which is attributed to the “banner blindness” effect.
Abstract
Unlike most online advertising, Google opts for a purely textual model in the ads showed in its results pages. This paper presents an eye-tracking study conducted to determine [...]
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Graphical interface of the SCImago Journal and Country Rank: An interactive approach to accessing bibliometric information
Y. Hassan-Montero, V. Guerrero-Bote, F. De-Moya-Anegón

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (3), 52

Abstract
A graphical interface designed to access the bibliometric indicators database of the SCImago Journal & Country Rank portal(http://scimagojr.com/shapeofscience) is described. The map was generated from the relational matrix based on the citation, co-citation, and bibliographic coupling formed by the nearly 20,000 publications (journals and conference proceedings) registered inScopus. The map layout is based on a variant of a force-directed algorithm using Noack’s proposal of an edge-repulsion energy model. The interface allows the publications’ bibliometric indicators and the cluster structures that they form to be displayed based on their shared use by the authors of the documents. To facilitate navigation, the interface automatically positions the reference areas and subject categories which are viewable via zoom-and-pan. The interface may be found to constitute a useful tool for analyses of theScopus publications’ presence in different scientific domains, and of the global distribution of the publishing capacity of different countries and regions. It uses the method of overlaying maps to locate subsets of selected publications in the context of the global publication structure.
Abstract
A graphical interface designed to access the bibliometric indicators database of the SCImago Journal & Country Rank portal(http://scimagojr.com/shapeofscience) is described. [...]
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Graphical interface of the SCImago Journal and Country Rank: An interactive approach to accessing bibliometric information
Y. Hassan-Montero, V. Guerrero-Bote, F. De-Moya-Anegón

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (3), 51

Abstract
A graphical interface designed to access the bibliometric indicators database of the SCImago Journal & Country Rank portal (http://scimagojr.com/shapeofscience) is described. The map was generated from the relational matrix based on the citation, co-citation, and bibliographic coupling formed by the nearly 20,000 publications (journals and conference proceedings) registered in Scopus. The map layout is based on a variant of a force-directed algorithm using Noack’s proposal of an edge-repulsion energy model. The interface allows the publications’ bibliometric indicators and the cluster structures that they form to be displayed based on their shared use by the authors of the documents. To facilitate navigation, the interface automatically positions the reference areas and subject categories which are viewable via zoom-and-pan. The interface may be found to constitute a useful tool for analyses of the Scopus publications’ presence in different scientific domains, and of the global distribution of the publishing capacity of different countries and regions. It uses the method of overlaying maps to locate subsets of selected publications in the context of the global publication structure.
Abstract
A graphical interface designed to access the bibliometric indicators database of the SCImago Journal & Country Rank portal (http://scimagojr.com/shapeofscience) is described. [...]
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Development of Spanish research on stem cells. Visualization and identification of the main research fronts
G. Cantos-Mateos, M. Zulueta, B. Vargas-Quesada, Z. Chinchilla-Rodríguez

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (3), 50

Abstract
Using visualization techniques based on social networks, this study aims to analyze stem cell research in Spain, as reflected in the Science Citation Index (SCI) database between 1997 and 2010 , divided into three sub-periods. The selected unit of analysis was the KeyWords Plus descriptors (KW+), the unit of measurement was their co-occurrence , and the Pajek and VOSviewer tools were used to generate and display the social networks. The results show two complementary images of research: the static structure, distinguishing between clinical and basic research, and the evolutionary dynamic, analysing both the most established and the emerging lines. The main contribution of this work is to present a methodology for the visualization and detection of the main r esearch lines over time, demonstrating its applicability and its predictability in scientific and geographic domains.
Abstract
Using visualization techniques based on social networks, this study aims to analyze stem cell research in Spain, as reflected in the Science Citation Index (SCI) database [...]
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Trends in science mapping: co-use of scientific literature as evidence of researchers' interests
D. Torres-Salinas, E. Jiménez-Contreras, N. Robinson-García

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (3), 49

Abstract
The possibility of constructing science maps based on co-use of scientific literature by academic users is explored. We define co-use as the co-occurrence of scientific information requests by pairs of users recorded in platforms of scientific journals. We used search data from the University of Navarre to the ScienceDirect platform in 2012 in order to test the validity and to analyze the possibilities of this methodological approach. We conclude by emphasizing the viability of this methodology when exploring the research interests of an academic institution along with the relations among different disciplines.
Abstract
The possibility of constructing science maps based on co-use of scientific literature by academic users is explored. We define co-use as the co-occurrence of scientific information [...]
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Making the invisible visible: visualizing the network structure of Twitter relationships using Social Network Analysis
M. Del-Fresno-García

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (3), 48

Abstract
We live in a dense social network of interactions that connect us to people, information, events and places facilitating or constraining the flow of information, ideas, perceptions, etc., into an instant and massive network communication system. We create cognitive artefacts that integrate data visualization and cognitive processes in order to increase our ability to understand the complexity of the external world, made even more complex with the Internet and rise of social media. In this paper, we combine Twitter , as a type of fieldwork site, and Social Networks Analysis (SNA), as both an analytic framework and set of methods, to capture, analyze, and visualize empirical data, both statically (figure representing point in time) and dynamically (video reflecting longitudinal data). We present Flocker, a tool designed for real-time visualization and representation of network activity using Twitter as an illustrative case.
Abstract
We live in a dense social network of interactions that connect us to people, information, events and places facilitating or constraining the flow of information, ideas, perceptions, [...]
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Visual analytics in e-learning
D. Gómez-Aguilar, F. García-Peñalvo, R. Therón

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (3), 47

Abstract
Current technologies used in e-learning processes require the logging of all activities performed. These data can be used in the assessment of students, instructors and the processes themselves. However, although this wealth of data exists, it is still difficult for those who teach (and interested stakeholders) to verify a hypothesis, extract conclusions, or make decisions based on the facts or situations that are discovered. This paper introduces an educational data analysis model based on visual analytics, learning analytics and academic analytics and using a software tool that allows performing confirmatory and exploratory data analysis through interaction with the information gathered from a typical Learning Management System. The main goal is to enable the discovery of knowledge on the specific learning process that, in turn, will permit its improvement.
Abstract
Current technologies used in e-learning processes require the logging of all activities performed. These data can be used in the assessment of students, instructors and [...]
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How we draw texts: a review of approaches to text visualization and exploration
J. Nualart-Vilaplana, M. Pérez-Montoro, M. Whitelaw

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (3), 46

Abstract
This paper presents a review of approaches to text visualization and exploration. Text visualization and exploration, we argue, constitute a subfield of data visualization, and are fuelled by the advances being made in text analysis research and by the growing amount of accessible data in text format. We propose an original classification for a total of 49 cases based on the visual features of the approaches adopted, identified using an inductive process of analysis. We group the cases (published between 1994 and 2013) in two categories: single-text visualizations and text-collection visualizations, both of which can be explored and compared online.
Abstract
This paper presents a review of approaches to text visualization and exploration. Text visualization and exploration, we argue, constitute a subfield of data visualization, [...]
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How we draw texts: a review of approaches to text visualization and exploration
J. Nualart-Vilaplana, M. Pérez-Montoro, M. Whitelaw

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (3), 45

Abstract
This paper presents a review of approaches to text visualization and exploration. Text visualization and exploration, we argue, constitute a subfield of data visualization, and are fuelled by the advances being made in text analysis research and by the growing amount of accessible data in text format. We propose an original classification for a total of 49 cases based on the visual features of the approaches adopted, identified using an inductive process of analysis. We group the cases (published between 1994 and 2013) in two categories: single-text visualizations and text-collection visualizations, both of which can be explored and compared online.
Abstract
This paper presents a review of approaches to text visualization and exploration. Text visualization and exploration, we argue, constitute a subfield of data visualization, [...]
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Information visualization
C. Olmeda-Gómez

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (3), 44

Abstract
This overview introduces and synthesizes some basic concepts of the broad spectrum of information visualization, providing examples with geospatial, relational and textual data from a demanding discipline. The concepts are discussed and the examples illustrate some practices and criteria.
Abstract
This overview introduces and synthesizes some basic concepts of the broad spectrum of information visualization, providing examples with geospatial, relational and textual [...]
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Are libraries sustainable in a world of free, networked, digital information?
L. Anglada

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (6), 43

Abstract
The evolution of libraries through three stages –modernization, automation and digitization- is analysed. A formula is presented to evaluate the importance of libraries to our society, and it is applied both retrospectively and futuristically, extrapolating a 2030 scenario. The conclusion is that if the current generation of librarians does not introduce radical changes in the role of libraries, their future is seriously threatened.
Abstract
The evolution of libraries through three stages –modernization, automation and digitization- is analysed. A formula is presented to evaluate the importance of libraries [...]
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Agenda
-. EPI

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (4), 42

Abstract
Jornadas
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Bibliometric analysis of the scientific journal Transinformação
C. André, A. Pinto, M. Matias, M. Dutra, A. González-Aguilar

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (4), 41

Abstract
This paper proposes the application of the three main Bibliometrics laws –Lotka, Zipf, and Bradford- to address the following questions: (i) How to be sure of the quality of publishers and contents in scholarly publishing, and (ii) How to determine content reliability. Our main goal is to evaluate the visibility of Transinformação, a Brazilian scholarly journal in the information science area, according to its productivity, citation counts, and performance indicators. This study focusses on the concepts of Bibliometrics and Scholarly Journals, presenting a brief history of scholarly publishing and its accessibility in Brazil, as well as the software tools used in this work. This is an exploratory documentary study, based on descriptive mixed methods (i.e., both qualitative and quantitative), that analyzes 24 years of Transinformação issues, from its first edition in 1989 to 2011. Descriptive statistics tables are used to show the results obtained from analyses carried out with Publish or perish, Microsoft Excel, and Web of science Citespace tools.
Abstract
This paper proposes the application of the three main Bibliometrics laws –Lotka, Zipf, and Bradford- to address the following questions: (i) How to be sure of the quality [...]
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Bibliographic heritage in public libraries: local memories and national identities
O. Jaramillo, S. Marín-Agudelo

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (4), 40

Abstract
Considering bibliographic heritage as indispensable for the knowledge of our culture and history, we show the results of the research project “Situation of the heritage library collections of three public libraries of Antioquia, Colombia". This research aimed to establish the role of public libraries in relation to local collections and bibliographic heritage. Aspects discussed include the design of criteria for the assessment and recovery of these collections and the suggestion of a diagnostic process to be followed. Our inventory produced two outcomes: 1) the creation of a digital reference repository that helps to systematize and disseminate the heritage collections existing in public libraries; and 2) evidence of how these collections lack needed policies for recovery, identification, processing, preservation and dissemination, which results in difficulties in terms of their valuation as heritage collections.
Abstract
Considering bibliographic heritage as indispensable for the knowledge of our culture and history, we show the results of the research project “Situation of the heritage [...]
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Open data in the Spanish public administrations: main subject categories and apps
F. Martínez-Méndez, R. López-Carreño, J. Pastor-Sánchez

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (4), 39

Abstract
There is a growing number of open data initiatives that allow citizens to reuse public data sets through specifically designed applications. This paper presents an overview of these initiatives and their development in Spain, analyzing the open data sets available and the functions and features of the applications developed for this purpose. The information source used in this work is the portal http://datos.gob.es, of national scope which organizes and manages the public information catalog of Spanish administrations. This source offers information about these data sets and the applications and utilities developed. The analysis shows a diverse distribution of these open data sets that requires grouping by metacategories for its study and analysis. The level of development of the applications seems low but it may be due to the incipience on freely available data. In any case, the data sets related to infrastructures (especially transports) appear to be the main object of the applications developed so far in Spain in this context.
Abstract
There is a growing number of open data initiatives that allow citizens to reuse public data sets through specifically designed applications. This paper presents an overview [...]
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Entrepreneurship training for journalists
P. Aceituno-Aceituno, C. Bousoño-Calzón, J. Escudero-Garzá, F. Herrera-Gálvez

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (4), 38

Abstract
Overcoming the newspaper industry crisis and addressing the urgent need to rethink business models to achieve a greater openness to users and the environment will require turning future generations of journalists into entrepreneurs. To meet this goal, training is important but, according to the scientific literature, its effects on increasing entrepreneurial intentions are not entirely convincing. This study presents a university programme with the aim to ensure this increased interest. The results support the validity of this type of training to generate entrepreneurial intentions and support a high level of increased entrepreneurship in future journalists.
Abstract
Overcoming the newspaper industry crisis and addressing the urgent need to rethink business models to achieve a greater openness to users and the environment will require [...]
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Analysis of research on creativity in advertising in Spain from 1980-2012
J. Del-Río-Pérez, P. Medina-Aguerrebere

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (4), 37

Abstract
We provide a content analysis of the research published on advertising creativity in Spanish communication journals of the first and second quartile of the In-Recs index (2011 edition): Anàlisi (from 1980 to 2012), Comunicar (from 1993 to 2012), Comunicación y sociedad (from 1988 to 2012), Doxa (from 2003 to 2012), Questiones publicitarias (from 1993 to 2012), Revista latina de comunicación social(from 1998 to 2012), Trípodos (from 1996 to 2012), and Zer (from 1996 to 2012). The authors analysed 3406 papers to determine the level of interest in advertising creativity evidenced in these scientific journals. Only 0.20% of the studies analyzed focused on advertising creativity.
Abstract
We provide a content analysis of the research published on advertising creativity in Spanish communication journals of the first and second quartile of the In-Recs index (2011 [...]
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Analysis of newspapers’ evening editions for tablets
T. Nozal, A. González-Neira, A. Sanjuán

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (4), 36

Abstract
In a media ecosystem with news products available instantly, anywhere and at any time, some newspapers have sprung a surprise by publishing an evening edition for tablets, even in countries with no newsprint tradition. This article considers the keys to interpreting this apparent contradiction between the current media ecosystem and the strategy underlying the launch of late editions for these mobile devices. To do so, we establish a sample of native evening newspaper applications not available in print, examine them and interview the prime movers. The conclusions reveal the unique role played by this newspaper type within the daily information process. More than just an end in themselves, they have become a medium that maintains previous patterns of consumption.
Abstract
In a media ecosystem with news products available instantly, anywhere and at any time, some newspapers have sprung a surprise by publishing an evening edition for tablets, [...]
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Unesco nomenclature: development, scope and reuse for describing scientist profiles using an ontology
J. Ruiz-Martínez, M. Baños-Moreno, R. Martínez-Béjar

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (4), 35

Abstract
In 1974, Unesco published the Nomenclature for Fields of Science and Technology. Since then, it has been used in Spain to classify the scientific activity. In order to better determine its characteristics, development and scope, we studied the literature and analysed its use by university research groups in Spain and in other national and international settings. From the data obtained, we designed an ontology based on the combination of the Nomenclature and keywords identified in the literature. The result is an ontological model adapted to the semantic web technologies that provides a higher degree of expressiveness than the original Nomenclature. It also helps to solve problems such as obsolescence and the absence of certain emerging subject areas, facilitating the classification of scientific activities and increasing its usefulness
Abstract
In 1974, Unesco published the Nomenclature for Fields of Science and Technology. Since then, it has been used in Spain to classify the scientific activity. In order to better [...]
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Work interruptions in the knowledge sector: associations with profession and marital status
G. Córdova-Cárdenas, R. Palacio-Cinco, C. Acosta-Quiroz

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (4), 34

Abstract
The advantage of identifying the influence of sociodemographic profiles on work interruptions among knowledge workers is that it allows researchers to predict which individuals are more likely to be interrupted during their work day. For example, there is a relationship between the use of social networks and the profession (engineers are likely to be interrupted more often); between the use of social networks and marital status (knowledge workers who have no partner have more work interruptions); between social origin and working in public administration, and also the socioeconomic situation and working in humanities-social sciences. In contrast, technological disruptions seem to equally affect married and unmarried workers, although singles tend to be more interrupted by their phones. Administrative workers are also more interrupted by mobile phones. All these data are important because of the great impact of interruptions on productivity. More research is needed to identify other variables of a social nature that predispose to labour disruptions.
Abstract
The advantage of identifying the influence of sociodemographic profiles on work interruptions among knowledge workers is that it allows researchers to predict which individuals [...]
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Presence on social networks and altmetrics of authors frequently published in the journal El profesional de la información
D. Torres-Salinas, Y. Milanés-Guisado

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (4), 33

Abstract
We analyzed a discrete sample of the most frequent contributors to the journal El professional information (EPI) for the period 2009-2013. We studied the presence of these authors in social networks and the impact of their EPI publications indexed in Web of Science using different altmetrics. The results showed that 77% had a public profile on Google Scholar Profiles and 70% had an account on both LinkedIn and Mendeley. This platform has served as the tool with higher statistics and obtained the highest correlation with the number of citations in Web of Science (0.516). Other networks were Twitter (55%) and Slideshare (47%); despite its lower presence in the sample, Slideshare offers users higher visibility, receiving the highest number of user hits. We also present detailed altmetrics for 47 EPI authors, ending with a reflection on the difficulty of analysing altmetrics at author level.
Abstract
We analyzed a discrete sample of the most frequent contributors to the journal El professional information (EPI) for the period 2009-2013. We studied the presence of these [...]
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New data, new possibilities: Exploring the insides of Altmetric.com
N. Robinson-García, D. Torres-Salinas, Z. Zahedi, R. Costas

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (4), 32

Abstract
This paper analyzes Altmetric.com, one of the most important altmetric data providers currently used. We have analyzed a set of publications with doi number indexed in the Web of Science during the period 2011-2013 and collected their data with the Altmetric API. 19% of the original set of papers was retrieved from Altmetric.com including some altmetric data. We identified 16 different social media sources from which Altmetric.com retrieves data. However five of them cover 95.5% of the total set. Twitter (87.1%) and Mendeley (64.8%) have the highest coverage. We conclude that Altmetric.com is a transparent, rich and accurate tool for altmetric data. Nevertheless, there are still potential limitations on its exhaustiveness as well as on the selection of social media sources that need further research.
Abstract
This paper analyzes Altmetric.com, one of the most important altmetric data providers currently used. We have analyzed a set of publications with doi number indexed in the [...]
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New data, new possibilities: Exploring the insides of Altmetric.com
N. Robinson-García, D. Torres-Salinas, Z. Zahedi, R. Costas

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (4), 31

Abstract
This paper analyzes Altmetric.com, one of the most important altmetric data providers currently used. We have analyzed a set of publications with doi number indexed in the Web of Science during the period 2011-2013 and collected their data with the Altmetric API. 19% of the original set of papers was retrieved from Altmetric.com including some altmetric data. We identified 16 different social media sources from which Altmetric.com retrieves data. However five of them cover 95.5% of the total set. Twitter (87.1%) and Mendeley (64.8%) have the highest coverage. We conclude that Altmetric.com is a transparent, rich and accurate tool for altmetric data. Nevertheless, there are still potential limitations on its exhaustiveness as well as on the selection of social media sources that need further research.
Abstract
This paper analyzes Altmetric.com, one of the most important altmetric data providers currently used. We have analyzed a set of publications with doi number indexed in the [...]
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Altmetrics for research evaluation and information needs assessment
Á. Borrego

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (4), 30

Abstract
Altmetrics measure the impact of research by quantifying its presence on the social web. The use of this tool in research evaluation can supplement citation analysis. However, altmetric data sources suffer from biases similar to those of citation databases. Although altmetrics offer article-level metrics, it is necessary to normalize data collection in order to guarantee the consistency of altmetric indicators and to build a conceptual framework to interpret them. Altmetrics can be a source of information on researchers’ information behaviour and needs.
Abstract
Altmetrics measure the impact of research by quantifying its presence on the social web. The use of this tool in research evaluation can supplement citation analysis. However, [...]
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Taking the alternative mainstream
E. Adie

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (4), 29

Abstract
The reasons for the use of "alternative metrics" to measure the influence that the publication of a specific scientific work has on society are discussed. It is argued that altmetrics are complementary to the traditional system of counting citations, and can be used in much broader contexts.
Abstract
The reasons for the use of "alternative metrics" to measure the influence that the publication of a specific scientific work has on society are discussed. It is argued that [...]
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Agenda
-. EPI

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (5), 28

Abstract
Próximas
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Document database managed with WinIsis on Dropbox
H. Rueda-Vildoso, C. Valenzuela-Urra

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (5), 27

Abstract
Description of an integration of Unesco's WinIsis database management system, with Dropbox acting as a "virtual hard disk" on the cloud. The case of Facso, a database of the minutes of the Board of the Faculty of Social Sciences, and other documents, is studied. Various routing options are shown, even incorporating the old executables .bat from Ms-dos. This has been tested on Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8 64-bit using Oracle's virtual box, PC, notebook and 32-bit netbook.
Abstract
Description of an integration of Unesco's WinIsis database management system, with Dropbox acting as a "virtual hard disk" on the cloud. The case of Facso, a database of the [...]
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Image description in stock photography agencies
L. Perdices-Castillo, A. Perianes-Rodríguez

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (5), 26

Abstract
Digital images are all around and their number increases every day. However, this growing volume contrasts with a poor description in the vast majority of cases. The value of a picture to illustrate the original event, or to be used in other contexts or situations, is based on an appropriate description. The purpose of this paper is to reduce the difficulties encountered in describing images by categorizing them and the agencies, specifying uses, and exemplifying descriptive differences. The implementation of these recommendations improves the quality of records, helps in successful retrieval, and increases positive evaluations of web sites by clients and users.
Abstract
Digital images are all around and their number increases every day. However, this growing volume contrasts with a poor description in the vast majority of cases. The value [...]
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Reconstruction and activation of the artistic heritage with audiovisual technology. Experience of Taüll 1123
S. Mateos-Rusillo, A. Gifreu-Castells

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (5), 25

Abstract
With the aim of preserving artistic heritage, in the past museums have removed paintings and furniture from the places they were created for. Over the decades the curators of these places have begun to request that these artistic works be returned, conscious of the significance that many of these works now have. Some institutions and museums have responded to these requests by providing copies of the original works. Traditionally these copies were handmade but now digital resources are used, such as audiovisual technology. The project Taüll 1123 (Lleida, Spain) is an example of the use of these new tools for the benefit of the artistic heritage and its visitors.
Abstract
With the aim of preserving artistic heritage, in the past museums have removed paintings and furniture from the places they were created for. Over the decades the curators [...]
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Encoding and mapping news. Applying digital humanities methods to research on journalism in the Modern age
F. Baena-Sánchez, C. Fernández-Travieso, C. Espejo-Cala

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (5), 24

Abstract
Digital humanities offer new possibilities to do historical research on journalism in the Modern age. Based on the so-called digital history techniques and methods, we suggest a need to find new, uniform strategies that use the most commonly used standards and protocols in the international scholarly community, so we can construct digitally tagged corpora for future systematic analysis. We review the traditional criteria used to describe newssheets, using the concept of seriality and propose a customized xml/TEI schema to codify this type of texts. We present the preliminary results of the mapping of the news flow networks in the Modern age in Europe. Finally, the conclusions shed some light on the relevance and benefits of applying digital humanities tools to the study of the first European manifestations of what was to become known as ‘journalism’.
Abstract
Digital humanities offer new possibilities to do historical research on journalism in the Modern age. Based on the so-called digital history techniques and methods, we suggest [...]
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From consumer to prosumer: legal liabilities of informers
F. Sabés-Turmo, D. Parra-Valcarce

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (5), 23

Abstract
The emerging web 2.0 context is characterized, among other circumstances, by the increasing relative importance of the internet users. These ones have additionally changed from being mere consumers of contents to real producers, i.e. prosumers. Social networks are a particularly suitable environment for the arising of new communication modalities and possibilities. This report focuses on the phenomenon of informers, a kind of anonymous platforms that emerged in early 2013 in Spain, initially supported by the social network Facebook. The report examines their origins and explanatory causes, and also the potential legal liabilities that could reach their administrators, content generators or participants through the I like button or additional comments, taking into account the current both national and international legislation.
Abstract
The emerging web 2.0 context is characterized, among other circumstances, by the increasing relative importance of the internet users. These ones have additionally changed [...]
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Journalistic multiskilling in news agencies. A comparative study between three different models: ACN, EFE and Europa Press
G. Sánchez-Marín, J. Micó-Sanz

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (5), 22

Abstract
This research studies the professional profiles of journalists in the three main news agencies in Catalonia by comparing the multitasking of the Catalan News Agency (ACN) to the specialization of Catalan offices of the Spanish EFE and Europa Press (EP). Although still controversial, the ACN has a more cost efficient organization working with multiskilled employees, i.e. journalists that have to carry out different tasks simultaneously, in comparison to EFE and EP that employ journalists, photographers and cameras giving more priority to the quality of the final product.
Abstract
This research studies the professional profiles of journalists in the three main news agencies in Catalonia by comparing the multitasking of the Catalan News Agency (ACN) [...]
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Critical training of mass media information scientists
A. García-Gutiérrez, D. Martínez-Ávila

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (5), 21

Abstract
This study takes the old myth of objectivity in the media discourse to one of the most relevant and unperceived actors of the process of its construction: the mass media information scientist or documentalist. Accepting the subjective presence of the documentalist in his/her productions, this article opts for the recognition and explicit statement of it through two actions: first, the review of the training process of mass media documentalists in public higher education institutions in such a way that technical training and critical training are combined. For this, we analyze the subjects in the syllabi of the their education programs in order to detect the deficiencies according to the objectives of the study. Finally, we propose alternative lines of training that can contribute to the transversal inclusion of critical training of mass media documentalists in those programs.
Abstract
This study takes the old myth of objectivity in the media discourse to one of the most relevant and unperceived actors of the process of its construction: the mass media information [...]
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A view of digital humanities through its centers
E. Romero-Frías, S. Del-Barrio-García

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (5), 20

Abstract
Digital humanities (DH) have adopted different institutional forms in academia (centers, networks, projects, etc.). This study addresses the current state of DH through an analysis of its centers, as reported by the association CenterNet. We analysed websites, missions and social media presence of the centers in order to provide an overall picture. Results show a remarkable heterogeneity in the way DH are organised. Finally, some of the most debated issues (for instance, the borders of the field, problems of inclussion and exclusion, or a new cultural colonialism) are discussed.
Abstract
Digital humanities (DH) have adopted different institutional forms in academia (centers, networks, projects, etc.). This study addresses the current state of DH through an [...]
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Online paleography courses: inheritance, constraints, achievements and proposals
L. Zozaya

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (5), 19

Abstract
Nine digital courses on deciphering and reading palaeography are analysed. The study focuses on their goals, taking into account the borrowings inherited from the previous educational materials. The article begins explaining the main terminology. Later, it summarizes the characteristics of the traditional system of learning palaeography, since the current online systems are based on it. The aim of this retrospective view is to determine which achievements belongs to the ancient system. Finally the advantages and the virtues of the new learning systems are discussed.
Abstract
Nine digital courses on deciphering and reading palaeography are analysed. The study focuses on their goals, taking into account the borrowings inherited from the previous [...]
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Digital epigraphy: 3D low-cost technology for epigraphy digitalization and widespreading of the results
M. Ramírez-Sánchez, J. Suárez-Rivero, M. Castellano-Hernández

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (5), 18

Abstract
The possibilities of image based modeling (IBM) as a 3D scanning technique for modeling low cost Roman inscriptions are analyzed. The study has been carried out at the National Museum of Archaeology (Madrid), where various Roman inscriptions (on stone, bronze and clay) were examined. The results obtained have proved to be excellent as related to the study and widespreading of this type of historical documentation. The 3D Roman inscriptions can be incorporated into digital epigraphy projects in progress, allowing access via personal computers and mobile devices, without extra costs to researchers.
Abstract
The possibilities of image based modeling (IBM) as a 3D scanning technique for modeling low cost Roman inscriptions are analyzed. The study has been carried out at the National [...]
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On numbers and freedom
W. Gunn

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (5), 17

Abstract
After many years of relatively slow progress, the field of research assessment and discovery has begun to change rapidly. As scholars adopt the web for scholarly communication, more and more sources of information about research impact are becoming available, and at much greater global scale and coverage, and openness than before. This article discusses these trends, highlights the major players and ongoing work, and points at future directions.
Abstract
After many years of relatively slow progress, the field of research assessment and discovery has begun to change rapidly. As scholars adopt the web for scholarly communication, [...]
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Cyberinfrastructure for digital humanities: an opportunity for technological development for academic library
L. Rodríguez-Yunta

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (5), 16

Abstract
The central role that technology centers play in the consolidation of digital humanities (DH) is highlighted. For the library and information science area, and particularly for academic and research libraries, working with DH is a strategic opportunity to enhance their cyberinfrastructure. It is argued that to consolidate DH in Spain it is necessary to provide technology centers specific for the humanities and social sciences.
Abstract
The central role that technology centers play in the consolidation of digital humanities (DH) is highlighted. For the library and information science area, and particularly [...]
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Evaluadores de la revista El profesional de la información 2013-2014
-. EPI

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (6), 15

Abstract
Profesionales
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Agenda
-. EPI

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (6), 14

Abstract
Congresos,
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Augmented reality in television and proposed application to document management systems
J. Caldera-Serrano

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (6), 13

Abstract
Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that uses different devices to incorporate digital information (virtual or real) into information obtained from a real-life environment, thereby providing additional information. We examine how AR can contribute to the dissemination and uptake of content from audiovisual and television companies. We try to find solutions in the management of audiovisual documentation in information units. First, a state of the art description of AR is provided from different points of view. Applications that are emerging to apply RA to television media are described. Finally the changes that should be implemented in the management of visual, audio and text (or hypertext) information to benefit from AR are discussed.
Abstract
Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that uses different devices to incorporate digital information (virtual or real) into information obtained from a real-life environment, [...]
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Linked data of publications, projects and computational tools for digital humanities researchers: the pilot catalogue of the Clarin IULA-UPF Center
S. Arano-Poggi, N. Bel

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (6), 12

Abstract
Digital humanities researchers experience some difficulties in accessing and using computational tools which are meant to assist them when carrying out queries of texts analysis in their studies. This is due to the fact that information concerning tools in this field and their effective usage is not linked to the information about their location and utilization. Clarin IULA-UPF Center aims at compiling and relating required information in a catalogue of linked data in order to offer researchers an integrated way of accessing it. This article presents details about the design and selection of the materials and description tools included in the catalogue.
Abstract
Digital humanities researchers experience some difficulties in accessing and using computational tools which are meant to assist them when carrying out queries of texts analysis [...]
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Contributions of a school book club to encourage reading for pleasure
C. Álvarez-Álvarez, J. Pascual-Díez

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (6), 11

Abstract
Currently one of the main challenges in the work of promoting reading in schools is the cultivation of children's enjoyment of reading. We present a unique case study in a school reading club in Spain that has managed to achieve that goal and has received a very positive assessment from participants. The reasons for its success mainly reside in four key areas: planning, dialogic reading, critical thinking and values education.
Abstract
Currently one of the main challenges in the work of promoting reading in schools is the cultivation of children's enjoyment of reading. We present a unique case study in a [...]
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News overload in Spain: the role of demographic characteristics, news interest, and consumer paying behavior
M. Goyanes

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (6), 10

Abstract
This article explores attributes that correlate with the perception of news overload and the extent to which Spaniards feel overloaded, or not, with the amount of news available. Specifically, this study explores the following attributes: demographics (age, gender, and income), news interest, and consumer paying behavior for online news. The research methods employ a quantitative, explorative approach with data collected from an online survey of 1,439 Spanish adults, 18 years and older, in January 2013.Finally, managerial and theoretical implications are discussed.
Abstract
This article explores attributes that correlate with the perception of news overload and the extent to which Spaniards feel overloaded, or not, with the amount of news available. [...]
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Criteria for evaluation and implementation of web information sources in news media libraries
P. Orero, B. Cebrián-Enrique

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (6), 9

Abstract
The documentary criteria that researchers and professionals think are essential for assessing Internet information sources and for implementing these sources in news libraries are presented. Results of a Delphi study conducted in 2013 with eight experts in news librarianship and a survey of 81 news librarians working in Spanish media are discussed. Aspects such as the impact of digital sources on news libraries, their frequency of use, the type of resource searched, and the consequences for professional routines in these centres are analyzed. 86.4% of respondents use the Internet every day to search for information. Documentation centres of the Spanish mainstream media have not established a policy for the selection of information sources on the Web.
Abstract
The documentary criteria that researchers and professionals think are essential for assessing Internet information sources and for implementing these sources in news libraries [...]
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Are libraries sustainable in a world of free, networked, digital information?
L. Anglada

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (6), 8

Abstract
The evolution of libraries through three stages –modernization, automation and digitization- is analysed. A formula is presented to evaluate the importance of libraries to our society, and it is applied both retrospectively and futuristically, extrapolating a 2030 scenario. The conclusion is that if the current generation of librarians does not introduce radical changes in the role of libraries, their future is seriously threatened.
Abstract
The evolution of libraries through three stages –modernization, automation and digitization- is analysed. A formula is presented to evaluate the importance of libraries [...]
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Social museums: social media profiles in Twitter and Facebook 2012-2013
F. Claes, L. Deltell

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (6), 7

Abstract
The results of a study on the development of a museum-2.0 or social museums and the communication between these organizations and their virtual visitors are presented. We based it on an analysis of the social media profiles of major museums and art centers in San Francisco, London and Madrid. Tracking and monitoring of these profiles was performed from December 2012 to December 2013. In this study, not only is it important how many followers or how many profiles are used in online media communication, but also the communication and curatorial strategies that these institutions apply. We explore the possible development of dialogue spaces, interaction, participation and creation that move toward the idea of a complete virtual and social museum.
Abstract
The results of a study on the development of a museum-2.0 or social museums and the communication between these organizations and their virtual visitors are presented. We [...]
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The generation of large networks from Web of Science data
L. Leydesdorff, G. Khan, L. Bornmann

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (6), 6

Abstract
During the 1990s, one of us developed a series of freeware routines (http://www.leydesdorff.net/indicators) that enable the user to organize downloads from the Web of Science (Thomson Reuters) into a relational database, and then to export matrices for further analysis in various formats (for example, for co-author analysis). The basic format of the matrices displays each document as a case in a row that can be attributed different variables in the columns. One limitation to this approach was hitherto that relational databases typically have an upper limit for the number of variables, such as 256 or 1024. In this brief communication we report on a way to circumvent this limitation by using txt2Pajek.exe, available as freeware from http://www.pfeffer.at/txt2pajek
Abstract
During the 1990s, one of us developed a series of freeware routines (http://www.leydesdorff.net/indicators) that enable the user to organize downloads from the Web of Science [...]
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Meloda, a metric to assess open data reuse
A. Abella, M. Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado, C. De-Pablos-Heredero

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (6), 5

Abstract
Current policies demanding an increase in transparency, open government and smart cities share open data publication as one of their basic pillars. However, there is a limited availability of mechanisms to assess the use and value of this information. The goal of this paper is to present a new metric, Meloda, that qualifies the information and helps to assess its reusability. Meloda’s four dimensions are described: technical standards, access, legal considerations, and data model. Finally Meloda’s assessment process is explained.
Abstract
Current policies demanding an increase in transparency, open government and smart cities share open data publication as one of their basic pillars. However, there is a limited [...]
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Big data transforms the interpretation of the social media
S. Martínez-Martínez, P. Lara-Navarra

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (6), 4

Abstract
In the information society where the volume of data grows exponentially, the blossoming of the big data has had an impact on several fields. The popularity of the expression has blurred the outlines of the concept that not only insists on the size but also on the value of the collected and processed data. Social media, which are characterized by a rapid expansion and by the diversity of interactions and contents that circulate in them, have been incorporated to the big data studies to become resource of useful data for researchers, organizations and companies. This paper observes the typical singularities of the social media analysis inside the big data and, after scrutinizing existing measuring tools, reflects on the opportunity and the necessity of a solution to examine trends and the impact of the profiles that get to set extensive networks.
Abstract
In the information society where the volume of data grows exponentially, the blossoming of the big data has had an impact on several fields. The popularity of the expression [...]
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Big data technologies for fast image retrieval and analysis in web environments
S. Rodríguez-Vaamonde, A. Torres-Bastida, E. Garrote

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (6), 3

Abstract
This paper addresses web analytics from an images perspective, using big data technologies. Images are increasingly present on the web, and therefore any web analysis must consider them. The huge volume of available images requires the use of large computation infrastructures in order to generate this kind of analysis, as well as specific computer vision algorithms. Big data technologies are discussed that can be used for large-scale image processing. In addition, a novel distributed algorithm is proposed that can efficiently retrieve images from an online collection at low computational cost. This algorithm can be used in web analysis or future research requiring detailed image study, without requiring any special hardware.
Abstract
This paper addresses web analytics from an images perspective, using big data technologies. Images are increasingly present on the web, and therefore any web analysis must [...]
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Big data and web analytics. Studying the currents and fishing in an ocean of data
J. Serrano-Cobos

El profesional de la información (2014). Vol. 23, (6), 2

Abstract
A tour is provided of the features, possibilities, scientific, technical and technologies that are collected under the interdisciplinary umbrella of big data and web analytics from the point of view of its application in practice. A reflection is offered about the challenges, risks and problems that the tools and data cannot resolve on their own, as well as the contexts in which these data processing techniques are useful for decision making.
Abstract
A tour is provided of the features, possibilities, scientific, technical and technologies that are collected under the interdisciplinary umbrella of big data and web analytics [...]
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