Abstract

Abstract

This paper explains why current electricity markets are not fit for purpose and propose a new market design. Electricity markets operating today were designed for the technical and economic conditions of the 1990's. These conditions have changed substantially, especially with increased penetration of intermittent renewables and the growing potential for distributed energy resources and consumer involvement. Today's markets are incompatible with these trends. They do not provide helpful signals for investment, operations, demand response, system optimisation. Nor do they offer an exit from continued subsidies for renewables. To address these problems, we need a new market design. This paper outlines a "two market" model, separating the "as available" market from the "on demand" market, both at the wholesale and retail level. The as available market applies to renewable energy. The on demand market is for flexible plants needed to meet peak demand and to back up intermittent renewables Each market will have its own price.  The two market model emphasizes demand flexibility. It will enable consumers to choose what mix of energy they wish to purchase from the two markets; encourage them to shift their demand to the as available market (and to acquire storage and other load-shifting appliances); provide a market-basis for financing flexible plant; and offer an exit strategy for government subsidies to renewables and flexible plants.

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Serbia’s energy sector is heavily reliant on Russian influence. On the other hand, Serbia’s status as a candidate country for joining the European Union (EU) membership requires active working toward diversifying energy sources of supply. In the past decade, Serbia has secured a reduced price for natural gas through a bilateral agreement with Russia, addressing the shortfall in its domestic production. The former agreement priced Russian gas at US$270 per thousand cubic meters and expired in 2021. The new deal links gas prices to crude oil and ranges between US $310 and US$408, maintaining its competitive position as one of Europe’s lowest import prices. Furthermore, alongside the new gas pipeline for Russian gas exports, the EU is funding the construction of a new interconnector, both with entry points from Bulgaria. Serbia also faces significant dependence on crude oil, and this reliance is compounded by the inability to import it from Russia any longer. Opposite, Serbia is usually self-sufficient in electricity production which still remains under state ownership. The domestic exploration and processing of oil and gas, as well as the sole underground gas storage facility in Serbia, have partial ownership by Russian Gazprom while the transportation of gas is under the full control of the Serbian government. This Communication about the energy situation in the Republic of Serbia put particular emphasis on the evolving political dynamics in the global energy market with a specific focus on the Russia– Ukraine war. The topic is also linked to the contentious status of the southern Serbian autonomous province, recognized as an independent state by the majority of Western nations but not by Serbia. It is feared that Serbia’s energy dependence on Russia could have significant ramifications for its EU candidacy.

Abstract

Excessive electricity consumption negatively affects the economic growth of developing countries, and is a major cause of carbon emissions throughout the globe. This experiment investigated how the use of energy efficient behavior reminder affects electricity conservation in a New York City Public High School. In this experiment, during the first 10 days of the experiment, custodians were not reminded to turn off lights. From Day 11-20, reminders were sent to custodians every Monday and Fridays to turn off the light. During Day 21-30, reminders were sent everyday to remind custodians to turn off the lights. The results showed daily reminders had a significant decrease in electricity consumption compared to when no reminders were sent, but there was no significant difference between the percentage of lights being on, making it difficult to confirm if the custodians followed the reminders. The reminder of turning off lights was not a major source of electricity consumption and other factors might have consumed a larger portion of electricity.. More schools should be studied in order to validate the results. Future studies/research can test the effects of energy saving behavior reminders on electricity conservation from turning off electronic devices, such as smart boards or computers, at the end of the day.

Abstract

Rural electrification is critical for increasing agricultural output, thereby reducing poverty and improving food security. Electricity pylons are steel structures that transport electricity at high voltages and are often the tallest objects in the countryside. The current study proposes a novel solar chimney power plant (SCPP) model in which the chimney is contained within the pylon’s vertical structure. The numerical methodology was carried out using Manzanares’ SCPP 3D axisymmetric CFD model, which was simulated with ANSYS Fluent software. The RNG k-ε turbulence model and a discrete ordinates non-grey radiation model were used. Following model validation, the results led to the identification of five turbine positions based on five collector radius intervals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time this has been observed in the SCPP system as a result of air velocity variations throughout the chimney. Equations based on collector radius and solar radiation are used to calculate the generated electric energy and the number of rural houses that could be electrified at each interval. Our findings confirmed the proposed model’s efficiency in generating electricity; for instance, one hour of 1000 W/m2 solar radiation using a collector radius of 200 m produces 14.82 kW that could supply 6.877 rural houses in India or 7.411 rural houses in China for 24 h. This study proposes a plan for electricity transmission companies to invest in infrastructure (pylons) to provide rural renewable electricity.OPEN ACCESS Received: 16/10/2025 Accepted: 27/11/2025

Abstract

Abstract