Documents published in 2023 : Scipedia

INTEGRAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE UN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS BY THE REGIONS OF RUSSIA
I. Grishina, A. Shkuropat, A. Kotov, A. Filatov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 251

Abstract
The relevance of the work undertaken in RANEPA in 2022 is due to the fact that the national goals of socio-economic development of Russia for the period up to 2030, defined by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 21.07.2020 N 474, are formulated taking into account the tasks of achieving the global sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the UN. A prerequisite for their implementation is participation of the regions in the process. Localization of the SDGs in line with the new international approaches will strengthen the sustainability of regional policies and cooperation. The subject of the study is new methodology for assessing the achievement of the SDGsfor the regions of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the work is to develop a methodology for assessing the achievement of the UN SDGs by the regions of Russia to clarify the priority areas of regional policy and is based on the following tasks undertaken: analysis of the experience of developed countries in developing an approach and assessing the achievement of SDGs at the level of regions of the second territorial level (according to the OECD classification); analysis of domestic experience in assessing the achievement of SDGs at different levels (national and regional); substantiation of the composition of indicators and methodological approach to assessing the achievement of SDGs at the regional level; formation of an information base for assessing the achievement of SDGs in the regions of the Russian Federation; approbation of the methodology; development of recommendations on priorities for the implementation of Russia's regional policy, based on estimates of indicators for achieving the SDGs. The scientific novelty of the work is determined by the fact that for the first time a new composite index has been developed to assess the achievement of the SDGs in the regions of Russia, based on a system of indicators, consistent with the national goals of Russia until 2030. On its basis, experimental assessments have been obtained that allow for interregional comparisons. Research methods applied: system, factor and statistical analysis of the distribution of indicators; index method, etc. Research results can be used to: clarify priorities and develop regional policy mechanisms that ensure the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals in the regions of Russia, as well as the achievement of the country's national development goals until 2030 in territorial dimension. The application of the authors’ approach is recommended for information and methodological support of the state regional policy development to increase its effectiveness.
Abstract
The relevance of the work undertaken in RANEPA in 2022 is due to the fact that the national goals of socio-economic development of Russia for the period up to 2030, defined [...]
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SINGLE INFORMATION RESOURCE OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES AUTHORITIES: NEW APPROACHES
M. Morozov, L. Pribytkova, S. Martynova, O. Karlova

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 252

Abstract
The unified system is the basic state information resource in the field of civil service management. However, the capabilities of the Unified System outside the functionality that ensures the passage of the state civil service (including in terms of informing internal and external users of the system, as well as organizing information interaction between users) are used to a small extent. At the same time, the basic functionality of the Unified System in terms of the implementation of personnel processes is formed without taking into account user experience, and the communication capabilities of the Unified System as an information resource are not taken into account. External clients (citizens) and a significant part of internal clients (civil servants) do not use the Unified System due to insufficient awareness of its capabilities, lack of relevant content for them, as well as difficulties in using the existing functionality. In this regard, the analysis of user experience and the development of recommendations for improving the structure and content of the Unified System and its official website are of particular importance. The main purpose of the study is to develop proposals for improving the Unified System, as well as its official website. To achieve the goal, the following research tasks were solved: providing information and analytical support for information resources of public authorities (including support for network forms of interaction), as well as methodological support for users; preparation of proposals for improving the information resources of public authorities based on the analysis of the results of methodological user support; development of recommendations and methodological materials aimed at improving the quality and efficiency of users' work with information resources of public authorities. The potential of information, communication and digital technologies in the public administration system is used very limitedly, already implemented solutions and products require serious rethinking and “remodeling”. The basic functionality of the Unified System (including in terms of the implementation of personnel processes) is formed without taking into account user experience, and the communication capabilities of the Unified System as an information resource are not taken into account. The analysis of the user request and expert assessment of the Unified Information Resource made it possible to identify key problem areas and areas for improvement, to substantiate possible scenarios for the development of the Unified Information Resource of public authorities. The civil service portal requires restructuring and changing the emphasis content and content, focused not only on attracting the attention of candidates, but also on becoming a full-fledged platform for representatives of personnel services, experts, educational organizations. The solution of this ambitious task is impossible within the framework of the existing functionality and will require the development of a new site Unified system - the portal of the civil service as a single entry into the system of the domestic civil service.
Abstract
The unified system is the basic state information resource in the field of civil service management. However, the capabilities of the Unified System outside the functionality [...]
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ORGANIZATION AND CARRYING OUT OF THE ANNUAL ALL-RUSSIAN SOCIOLOGICAL SURVEY IN THE SPHERE OF STATE CIVIL SERVICE
M. Morozov, L. Pribytkova

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 253

Abstract
Currently, there is a growing need to develop unified analytical approaches and methodological solutions for a thorough and complete assessment of the state of the civil service. Accordingly, the current interest from a sociological point of view in this institution is expressed in the analysis of various aspects of its activities, prospects and barriers to development, which will allow to achieve an effective organization of the civil service. The main purpose of the study: organizing and conducting an annual sociological survey in the field of civil service. To achieve the goal, the following fundamental and applied tasks were solved: defining the conceptual foundations of sociological research on the issues of the civil service and assessing the possibilities of applying the results in managing the development of the civil service, substantiating directions for improving the methodology and technology for conducting sociological research that characterizes the state and development of the state civil service , the possibility of assessing the managerial potential of civil servants in the management of the personnel of the civil service of the Russian Federation, as well as the development of practical recommendations for the development of the civil service. Research methods or methodology: scientific and methodological analysis, comparative analysis, generalization, expert assessment, surveys of civil servants, public opinion research on issues of the civil service. It is substantiated that regular sociological monitoring requires an appropriate level of infrastructure functioning and, in particular, the adoption of a separate regulatory legal act. As a means of social diagnostics, sociological monitoring makes it possible to successfully solve the problems of both collecting and systematizing data characterizing the processes of change in the public service and tracking the dynamics of these processes, allowing timely corrective action, as well as improving the process of developing strategic decisions in this area, and increasing the targeting of impact. and optimize resources. At the same time, the monitoring system itself needs to be fine-tuned, taking into account the differentiation of the civil service system itself. At the same time, it is important to provide two focuses of research: self-assessment and public opinion. In the methodology of sociological monitoring, the development of situational indicators and indicators is of no small importance, in this regard, it is important, within the framework of the directions of the cooperation plan, to develop a methodology for sociological monitoring as an integral element of the strategy and tactics of managing changes in the civil service of the Russian Federation. The implementation of a comprehensive sociological study will allow not only to accumulate resources in achieving the strategic goals of the development of the state civil service and increase the targeting of relevant activities, but can also largely help reduce the risks caused by the preservation of traditional and the formation of new social stereotypes regarding civil servants and the state civil service in in general.
Abstract
Currently, there is a growing need to develop unified analytical approaches and methodological solutions for a thorough and complete assessment of the state of the civil service. [...]
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ANALYSIS OF SPECIALIZED METHODS OF DISPUTES RESOLUTION IN CONSTRUCTION SECTOR. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION OF CONCILIATION MECHANISMS IN INVESTMENT AND CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES OF NATIONAL PROJECTS IMPLEMENTATION
N. Yaskova, L. Zaytseva

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 244

Abstract
Features of the of construction projects implementation sphere (especially in a crisis period associated with force majeure) require the development and implementation of effective disputes resolution methods at all stages of the project life cycle to ensure its sustainability, which forms the relevance of the topic, and the approach to its development - forms scientific novelty. Thus, the purpose of this scientific work is to develop a system of alternative methods and mechanisms for dispute resolution in the investment and construction sector of the national economy at various stages of the construction projects implementation, taking into account the best foreign experience for subsequent implementation in the practical activities of economic entities. To achieve this goal, the authors set tasks that include analysis of features of specialized methods for resolving construction disputes, identification the most popular of them, systematization of the problematic aspects of implementation of such methods potential and development of recommendations for its introduction at various levels. The methodological basis of the study constituted the following methods of scientific knowledge: holistic approach, project-oriented approach, system-dynamic method. Based on the results of its conduct, the authors made conclusions about the need to take measures, both legislative and organizational and managerial in nature, to overcome the crisis in the construction industry. On this basis, the authors, for recommendatory purposes, outlined the directions for reforming existing approaches to project management, taking into account the need for a targeted focus on Dispute management. Prospects for research on this science topics are associated with the introduction of conciliation mechanisms in the practical activities of state bodies and business entities, as well as with the development of additional competencies of all project participants.
Abstract
Features of the of construction projects implementation sphere (especially in a crisis period associated with force majeure) require the development and implementation of [...]
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ACCOUNTING AND AUDIT OF DIGITAL ASSETS: MODIFICATION OF REGULATORY AND ACCOUNTING APPROACHES TO IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION
E. Chipurenko, T. Lisitskaya

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 245

Abstract
The subject of the study is the procedure for financial accounting and audit of digital assets, which in recent years have become significant distribution as objects of current business activity. The aim of the study was to analyze Russian and international practice to select the possible approaches of reliable and uniform reflection in the corporate reporting of digital assets and audit methods. The study was carried out during 2022 based on the department of accounting, economic analysis and audit of the Russian Academy of National Economy and the Presidential Service of the Russian Federation (RANEPA). Relevance. The absence of the rules for identifying and classification of digital assets in financial accounting does not allow to correctly reflect in the reports of organizations significant objects. No jurisdiction in the world has accounting standards for digital assets, and the IFRS Foundation only in 2022 set a priority task for developing the rules for accounting for digital assets. The research methodology is based on theoretical and practical methods. An inductive research approach is the desire to understand the nature of the problem related to digital assets. High -quality research method is a subjective assessment of attitudes, expert opinions in the field of digital assets. Practical research methods follow from theoretical and are mainly data collection and their analysis. Based on the results of the study, conclusions were drawn about the need: — for financial accounting for the clarification of the term “digital currency”, established by law, to divide the concepts of decentralized digital currency and the digital ruble of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation; — development of the federal standard of accounting of operations with crypto actures; — distinguish between the issues of accounting for crypto acts for commercial organizations of the real sector of the economy and professional participants in the financial market. Recommended: — before the development of the federal standard, use a single approach to identify crypt-toactics as intangible assets in accordance with the accumulated practice; — creation of publicly accessible terminological reference books in relation to digital assets with regular actualization; — Creating an information resource about digitalization risks.
Abstract
The subject of the study is the procedure for financial accounting and audit of digital assets, which in recent years have become significant distribution as objects of current [...]
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Current approaches to improving customs administration in the system of regulation of foreign economic activity
G. Balandina

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 246

Abstract
This paper analyzes the most important tools of modern customs administration: authorized economic operator, customs audit, financial guarantees for payment of customs duties. Based on the analysis carried out and taking into account international practice, proposals have been developed for the further development of these institutions.
Abstract
This paper analyzes the most important tools of modern customs administration: authorized economic operator, customs audit, financial guarantees for payment of customs duties. [...]
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Prospects and risks of the energy transition of the world's leading economies for the Russian economy
T. Lanshina

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 247

Abstract
The paper analyzes how the geopolitical events of 2022 influenced plans for the energy transition in the EU, and how they affected the development of the renewable energy sector in Russia. In the course of the study, it was revealed that in the current conditions, the intention of the EU to carry out the energy transition has not only not weakened, but, on the contrary, has strengthened. The Russian renewable energy industry, which until 2022 developed with a significant lag compared to both developed and developing countries, after February 2022, was in limbo, because a number of Western partners left the industry or intend to leave it, and the search for Eastern partners is complicated by risks, which potential new partners may face when cooperating with Western partners, as well as by the small size of the Russian RES market, which makes potential cooperation meaningless, especially in light of the identified risks. The research methodology consists in the use of general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, etc.). The results of the study contain recommendations for Russia's energy transition policy, which could contribute to the establishment of new economic partnerships between Russia and other countries in the field of modern energy in the long term. One of the most important components of such a policy is to strengthen the nationally determined contribution to the implementation of the Paris Agreement. However, new partnerships are out of the question as long as hostilities continue.
Abstract
The paper analyzes how the geopolitical events of 2022 influenced plans for the energy transition in the EU, and how they affected the development of the renewable energy [...]
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Approaches to the elimination of legal barriers in the field of regulation of data flows, technologies and online platforms for the development of the digital economy in Russia
A. Levashenko, A. Koval

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 248

Abstract
The subject of the research work is legal relations in the fields of regulation of datacirculation; of the use of disruptive digital technologies (for example, blockchain, the internet of things, artificial intelligence, etc.), of the development of the platform economy, of the development of digital interaction between economic entities. The relevance of the study is prompted by the implementation of the federal project “Legal regulation of the digital environment”, which provides for the development and adoption of several legal acts aimed at removing the primary barriers against development of the digital economy in such areas as civil circulation, financial technologies, intellectual property, telecommunications, legal proceedings and notaries, standardization, etc. At the same time the project does not set the ambitious goals to remove the existing barriers in the field of the data regulation, which drive the digitalization of the economy, and which are related to, for example, the requirement for total data localization and to the binary approach to the definition of personal data, to create legal conditions for the large-scale implementation of breakthrough digital technologies, with regard to new regulatory requirements (for example, the functioning of artificial intelligence systems) and Russia's leadership in the development of the platform economy. Without solving these problems, it is impossible to ensure the digital transformation of the Russian economy. The novelty of the study is in that it suggests solutions to the tasks of creating a digital economy regulation system in Russia that consider the latest recommendations in this area and current challenges. The objective of the research work is to form proposals for eliminating legal barriers in the regulation of data circulation; the use of breakthrough digital technologies (for example, blockchain, the Internet of things, artificial intelligence, etc.), the development of platform economy, the development of digital interaction between economic entities. The research methodology includes methods of logical, systemic, and comparative analysis using Russian and foreign legal acts, and analytical materials of competent authors and international organizations. To achieve the objective, the following tasks are to be solved: − analysis of the impact of legal barriers in the regulation of data circulation, the use of digital technologies, and the operation of digital platforms on creating conditions for digital transformation of the economy. − analysis of the OECD standards for data circulation regulation, use of breakthrough digital technologies (for example, blockchain, internet of things, artificial intelligence, etc.), development of the platform economy, and development of digital interaction between economic entities. − analysis of the approaches of the OECD member states to the task of removing legal barriers to the digital transformation of the economy. − proposals for the elimination of legal barriers in the regulation of data circulation, the use of digital technologies, and the operation of digital platforms that impede the digital transformation of the Russian economy, also in the context of the application of restrictive economic measures against Russia, as well as retaliatory measures that may create risks for the development of the digital economy. The research resulted in the development of proposals for the elimination of legal barriers in the circulation regulation, the use of digital technologies, and the operation of digital platforms that impede the digital transformation of the Russian economy. The contribution of the study is prompted by the need to improve Russian legislation on the digital economy.
Abstract
The subject of the research work is legal relations in the fields of regulation of datacirculation; of the use of disruptive digital technologies (for example, blockchain, [...]
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Assessing the impact of a firm's export and import status on its efficiency
A. Knobel, Y. Zaytsev, V. Sedalishchev, K. Bagdasaryan, D. Kuznetsov, V. Besov, V. Yeremin

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 249

Abstract
Improving the efficiency of firms is one of the most important factors in economic growth. There are studies pointing to a possible increase in the productivity of firms as a result of their involvement in international trade. Partly, these differences are due to the fact that more efficient firms initially enter the international market (selection effect), but beyond this effect there is a direct effect on the productivity of participation in international trade. In addition, there is reason to believe that simultaneous participation in both exporting and importing activities (e.g. as a result of being embedded in value chains) may have a greater effect. Using econometric and analytical methods of data analysis, the heterogeneity of causal relationships between the increase in productivity of enterprises and their export and import status was revealed. However, the paper developed a methodology to identify enterprises whose potential involvement in international trade can contribute most to the growth of their productivity. The results of this research can be used for: the patterns established, as well as quantitative estimates of the magnitude of the effects corresponding to them, can be used to refine the forecasts of the effects of economic policy in the scenario analysis. Estimates of the effects of lowering the barriers to firms' export market entry on the productivity of Russian enterprises.
Abstract
Improving the efficiency of firms is one of the most important factors in economic growth. There are studies pointing to a possible increase in the productivity of firms as [...]
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MONITORING THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE NATIONAL GOALS OF DECREE NO. 204 USING INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND A SYSTEM OF INDICATORS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
V. Kosarev, A. Makarov, Y. Pleskachev, Y. Ponomarev, M. Saprykin, K. Rostislav

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 250

Abstract
National development goals achievability analysis, as well as the impact of national projects on the achievement of these goals, has been conducted on an ongoing basis since the signing of Presidential Decree No. 204 of 7.05.2018 and represents a complex task. This study presents an attempt to build such a model based on machine learning methods. Several important points need to be taken into account while building such model: the ability to effectively take into account nonlinear dependencies between factors, the possibility of using large arrays of heterogeneous incoming data, taking into account the influence of macroeconomic factors, as well as the direct results of national projects on indicators of national development goals. With the help of the constructed model, a short-term forecast for 2022 was built for several indicators of national goals. As a part of the model this paper also analyzes the mutual impact of expenditures on national projects, as well as their contribution to the achievement of national development goals.
Abstract
National development goals achievability analysis, as well as the impact of national projects on the achievement of these goals, has been conducted on an ongoing basis since [...]
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Development of organizational and informational directions for the development of non-core investment activities of large industrial companies in innovative biotechnology projects
S. Kovalev, E. Yashina, K. Lukichev, P. Turzin, A. Generalov, A. Evseev

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 239

Abstract
The relevance of the study is due to the need for intensive implementation of innovative projects in the field of high-tech medicine and biotechnology, the formed demand from large non-core industrial companies, investments of which are attracted for the implementation of these science and money-intensive areas. Subject of research: non-core investment activities of large industrial companies in innovative biotechnology projects. Objective: formation of approaches to the management of the process of search, selection, expertise and implementation of innovative projects in the field of high-tech healthcare and biotechnology, potentially economically profitable and suitable for scaling by Russian companies. Scientific novelty is determined by the development of new methods, technologies and approaches to managing the process of search, selection, expertise and implementation of innovative projects in the field of high-tech medicine and biotechnology, potentially economically profitable and suitable for scaling by large non-core industrial companies. The research was conducted in 2022, at RANEPA, using a set of analytical methods, questionnaires and programming. Methods: observation; surveying, system analysis, socio-economic analysis; comparative legal analysis; multi-agent systems theory; formal analysis of historical phenomena; elements of expert systems theory, database creation. Results: The results of the analysis of the existing situation with the real practice of organizing the work of large non-core industrial companies in the search, selection, examination and implementation of innovative projects in the field of high-tech medicine and biotechnology: a summary classifier of the main scientific and practical disciplines in the field of "biotechnology"; a database of innovative projects in the field of high-tech medicine and biotechnology; a form of a Project Sheet submitted for expert evaluation for investment. a base of regulatory normative legal acts; the methodology of the sociological research of organizational approaches of the subjects of the Russian Federation to the development of noncore investments by large industrial companies into innovative projects in the field of development and implementation of medical materials, including biotechnologies. The first results of the sociological research with the proposals from several regions were received. Proposals for the formation of a screening program for preventive laboratory biochemical examination of workers; a business planning procedure for the creation of a multidisciplinary laboratory in the field of biotechnology; methodological recommendations for the examination of the investment project. Database "Electronic base of terms and definitions in the sphere of biotechnology and medicine". Encyclopedic dictionary reference book "Biotechnology: Medical Aspects". Conclusions: In recent years, the biotechnology industry of various kinds has been actively developing in Russia. However, investment by a large industrial company in biotechnology projects as a non-core activity, especially under conditions of a pandemic and when using the mechanism of sanctions, requires the creation of a special methodological apparatus. In this connection, a number of necessary methodological tools were developed in relation to the tasks of non-core activities of a large industrial company. The results of the implementation by a large industrial company of projects in the field of biotechnology, selected from the position of social efficiency and investment attractiveness, will undoubtedly have a pronounced socio-economic effect. Recommendations: The results obtained within the framework of this research can be used in the process of functioning of legislative and executive authorities of the Russian Federation, implementing their powers in the social sphere for the formation of new mechanisms of state policy in the field of health care and market economy in the conditions of pandemic and restrictive measures of economic nature.
Abstract
The relevance of the study is due to the need for intensive implementation of innovative projects in the field of high-tech medicine and biotechnology, the formed demand from [...]
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NEW AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES AND TECHNOLOGIES IN THE SUBURBAN AREAS OF RUSSIAN REGIONS
A. Nikulin, V. Vinogradsky, O. Vinogradskaya, I. Trotsuk

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 240

Abstract
The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that suburban agricultural enterprises are becoming innovative ‘locomotives’ of rural development and form the epicenter of the agrarian and economic contradictions in contemporary Russia. The study aims at a comprehensive interdisciplinary analysis of the scale, forms and branches of the suburban and urban agriculture in Russia, and at identifying the technological and social-ecological vectors of its development. The subject of the study is social transformations determined by the technological schemes and industrial-agricultural clusters in the suburban areas of Russian regions. The study combines methods of quantitative (statistical data, secondary analysis) and qualitative approaches (observations, semi-formalized expert interviews) within the case study. The results of the study include the typology of social transformations taking place in cities and their suburban areas with the intensive development of new agricultural practices and enterprises; the demographic characteristics of the employed in such industries; and the most important sectoral and institutional forms of urban and suburban agriculture. The paper concludes that the projects for the creation of new technologies and branches of agricultural production in suburban areas are not so much focused on the immediate commercial goals as motivated by the interests of establishing a system of smallscale agricultural ‘cells’ designed to provide urban families with quality local products. Such a diversification of food production can provide non-standard employment for citizens and increase their level of food security. The novelty of the study is determined by the analysis of the suburban phenomenon not as a reserve-serving territory but as a multifunctional social-economic entity capable of performing both economic-auxiliary and such non-standard functions as the production and organization of social-cultural phenomena in a special rural, social-ecological space. The paper provides some recommendations such as closer links between rural and urban food systems; and a system of special seminars and courses on the basis of agricultural universities in the interests of innovative agricultural enterprises in the suburbs.
Abstract
The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that suburban agricultural enterprises are becoming innovative ‘locomotives’ of rural development and form [...]
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ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF INDUSTRY SUPPORT MEASURES DURING THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO THE RECOVERY OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN RUSSIA
A. Vedev, A. Silchuk, K. Tuzov, M. Kovaleva, V. Eremkin

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 241

Abstract
The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the sharp changes in the sectors of the economy caused by the coronavirus pandemic have affected all existing forecasts of socioeconomic development. At the same time, a number of new support measures have appeared, both at the federal level and at the regional level. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze the current support measures aimed at the development of economic sectors, taking into account risks and opportunities, which seems to be the most important task for the Russian economy. The purpose of the study was to study the effectiveness of industry support measures in a crisis caused by non-economic reasons. The subject of the study is the effectiveness of support measures in the context of the coronavirus pandemic and their contribution to the restoration of the economic activity of the Russian Federation. The research method or methodology is to conduct a comprehensive economic analysis, a review of research literature (Russian and foreign), an analysis of foreign practices in providing business support, an assessment of financial stability and the effectiveness of support measures in a pandemic As a result of the work carried out, the effectiveness of support measures in the context of the coronavirus pandemic and their contribution to the restoration of economic activity, both in foreign countries and in federal and regional support measures for Russia, were analyzed. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the analysis and application of the experience of foreign countries in Russian realities and the study of the contribution to the Russian economy of the impact of existing support measures. The recommendations obtained as a result of the study indicate the need to calculate the effectiveness of support measures before its introduction. The project was carried out as part of research work by the Laboratory for Structural Research of the IPEI RANEPA under the President of Russian Federation in 2022.
Abstract
The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the sharp changes in the sectors of the economy caused by the coronavirus pandemic have affected all existing forecasts [...]
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Modern urban development policy: theories, risks and recommendations for Russia
A. Voloshinskaya, V. Akimova, V. Komarov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 242

Abstract
Relevance of the research: modern urban planning policy in Russia creates significant risks in the long term, which include spatially inefficient urban zoning, an increase in the number of personal vehicles and the displacement of public transport, uncontrolled suburbanization and reactionary urban planning policy, a microdistrict approach, etc. In this regard, it becomes especially important to search for effective responses to environmental, social, spatial, economic and other challenges and risks caused by modern urban development trends. The aim of the study is to identify and systematize the long-term risks of the current urban planning policy in Russia, to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the best world practices of strategic urban planning, and the development of proposals for Russia's transition to a sustainable (in relation to long-term risks) urban planning policy. Research methods and methodology: comparative analysis, system analysis, quantitative and qualitative analysis, historical and economic analysis. Scientific novelty: the paper attempts to carry out comprehensive qualitative and value-content analysis of theoretical approaches to sustainable urban development, identify key risks of long-term urban development in Russia and create a mega-index to assess the sustainability of urban development. Results: it was found that by sustainable urban policy we can understand the implementation of such regulatory measures, urban planning solutions, transport solutions, etc. which have a positive impact on the economy, the environment and the social sphere at the same time. However, in the Russian cities, there is a degradation of urban planning and spatial policy, the formation of micro-district multi-storey buildings, within which there is an alienation of a person from the environment and a “reduction of living space”. The fundamental reason is the short-term planning horizon of both city and regional administrations, businesses, and the population. On the basis of the study, the authors propose recommendations for changing the existing urban planning policy in Russia to mitigate the risks of long-term development: gradual implementation of obligatory character for the Standard for the integrated development of territories developed by the Ministry of Construction of Russia and DOM.RF together with KB Strelka; introduction of the urban planning principle -'compact city'; a ban on the development of fields in the suburbs, restrictions on infill development and the transition to complex development; introduction of a moratorium on the construction of high-rise buildings in Russia, with the exception of their construction in special business districts (“city”), within walking distance of high-speed rail transport systems; raising the status and role of urbanists and architects in urban development planning; introduction of a procedure for assessing the long-term impact of construction projects, etc.
Abstract
Relevance of the research: modern urban planning policy in Russia creates significant risks in the long term, which include spatially inefficient urban zoning, an increase [...]
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ASSESSMENT OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF LABOR CONSERVATION IN SMALL SETTLEMENTS AND HARD-TO-REACH AREAS
D. Evdokimov, Y. Pleskachev, Y. Ponomarev, D. Salimova

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 243

Abstract
The processes of population concentration in Russian cities lead to a decrease in the population in certain territories, the depopulation of rural settlements and in some cases conflicts with national interests. In this regard, the development of an approach to assessing the socio-economic effects of the containment of labor resources in small settlements and hardto-reach areas seems to be an urgent research task. The purpose of the study is to develop an approach to assessing the socio-economic effects of the containment of labor resources in small settlements and hard-to-reach areas. Among the main tasks to be solved in the course of this study, one can single out: a review of the retrospective and forecast dynamics of the population of Russia in a spatial context; review of theoretical and practical research approaches to the analysis and evaluation of the effects of urbanization processes; development of an approach to assessing the socio-economic effects of the containment of labor resources in small settlements and hard-to-reach areas; empirical assessment of socio-economic effects from documents implemented in Russia on the development of individual territories; development of evidence-based recommendations on economic policy. Research method or methodology -systematization and analysis of international literature, economic modeling, econometric analysis. The main results of the study: developed a scientifically based approach to assessing the socio-economic effects of the regulation of migration processes based on the econometric model and the model of spatial equilibrium; an empirical assessment of the socio-economic effects of measures affecting migration flows was carried out, including the following scenarios: expansion of preferential mortgage programs, cash transfers, development of transport infrastructure, changes in the cross elasticity of urban amenities, a scenario of increasing or decreasing the elasticity of substitution for workers of different qualifications. The results obtained allow us to draw a number of conclusions. According to the estimates obtained, a positive effect on migration is exerted by: the size of the population in the region, consumer spending per capita and the availability of transport infrastructure; negative effect - prices in the primary housing market, unemployment rate, crime rate. The greatest magnitude effect (in modulus) falls on consumer spending. Due to the introduction of an optimizing transfer, about 15.7% of the economically active population (11.8 million people) are resettled. This type of migration provides an increase in general welfare by 10.06%. At the same time, the most mobile category of workers, on average, is highly qualified personnel who move from large industrial zones. the population of regions in medium and sparsely populated areas. Low-skilled personnel have limited mobility. The main direction of resettlement for highly skilled workers is from the South-West to the North and East, for low-skilled workers - from the East to the South-West. Preferential mortgage increases the migration inflow in the target regions by 11.6-4.3 thousand people per year, which ensures an increase in GVA by 1.6-4.2 billion rubles, an increase in output by 3.1-8.2 billion rubles. and 1.5-3.8 thousand jobs. An increase in consumer spending may increase the migration inflow in the target regions up to 50 thousand people per year (depending on the conditions of the policy), which ensures an increase in GVA to 18.2 billion rubles, an issue of 35.1 billion rubles. and employment by 16.3 thousand people. The development of road infrastructure reduces the migration outflow in the target regions by 2-7 thousand people per year, which saves the regions 0.7-2.5 billion rubles. GVA, RUB 1.4-5 billion output and 0.7- 2.3 thousand jobs. Further work can be aimed at decomposing the obtained regional results at the municipal level, as well as developing the complexity of the factors taken into account by the proposed models.
Abstract
The processes of population concentration in Russian cities lead to a decrease in the population in certain territories, the depopulation of rural settlements and in some [...]
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Cálculo de las Constantes de Torsión para Vigas de Secciones Transversales Arbitrarias Utilizando Elementos Finitos
J. Valdes-Vazquez, J. Valdés-Vázquez

Revista Mexicana de Métodos Numéricos (2023). Vol. 7, 4

Abstract
En el análisis estructural, es esencial que un ingeniero cuente con un profundo conocimiento de las propiedades de una sección transversal, tales como el área, los momentos de inercia y las constantes de torsión. En particular, el cálculo de las constantes de torsión presenta un desafío significativo, ya que, para secciones conocidas, existen fórmulas exactas o aproximadas que facilitan el proceso. Sin embargo, con las actuales tendencias en construcción que incorporan secciones compuestas o de geometría arbitraria, el cálculo de estas constantes se convierte en un reto considerable. Este trabajo se centra, principalmente, en explorar la obtención de las constantes de torsión mediante métodos numéricos, mejorando su precisión en comparación con las propuestas de otros investigadores.
Abstract
En el análisis estructural, es esencial que un ingeniero cuente con un profundo conocimiento de las propiedades de una sección transversal, tales como el área, [...]
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WP1–T1.4. Definition of key water quality parameters for feeding ML models
P. of, D. Vicente

DIGIT4WATER Project (2023). 1
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DEVELOPMENT OF AN APPROACH TO ASSESSING THE RELATIVE STRENGTH OF AGGLOMERATION EFFECTS MECHANISMS IN RUSSIA BASED ON MICRODATA ON RUSSIAN PRODUCERS AND MUNICIPALITIES
K. Rostislav, Y. Ponomarev, D. Radchenko

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 232

Abstract
The development of agglomerations in Russia is a priority of spatial policy. To enhance agglomeration effects and accelerate the growth of the Russian economy it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of agglomeration effects. To compare the strength of Marshall agglomeration effects using the Ellison-Glaser-Kerr approach, the degree of concentration of Russian industries was measured using data on all organizations without exception as of January 1, 2020. The estimates show that pairs of industries in Russia tend to be dispersed relative to each other: most industries have significantly lower concentration than would be expected based on the overall location of these industries. On average, of the three external benefits of concentration according to Marshall, Russia's large labor market is the most important. Proximity to suppliers/buyers, their diversity is least related to the placement of industries in the same areas. The example of Kaliningrad region shows that regardless of the method of selection of organizations for comparison, there is no truncation of the distribution traits. Although the choice of the geographical unit of observation determines the estimation of the strength or even direction of the net agglomeration effects, the general conclusion about the lack of selection of enterprises, which we could take for the benefit of concentration, was unchanged. To verify this conclusion, we used various methods of territorial grouping of enterprises and the boundaries of clusters (agglomerations) of enterprises were estimated using the DBSCAN method. The resulting estimates of the relationship of concentration to various sources of its external benefits support those public policies that seek to encourage the development of large urban agglomerations with large and constant markets for skilled labor. When forming particularly dense clusters, it is advisable to set activity requirements for areas with a special entrepreneurial regime, which would be consistent with estimates of the intensity of possible knowledge exchange between industries.
Abstract
The development of agglomerations in Russia is a priority of spatial policy. To enhance agglomeration effects and accelerate the growth of the Russian economy it is necessary [...]
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INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE REFERENCE METHOD OF REGULATION OF MARKETING ALLOWANCES ON THE RESULTS OF FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF GUARANTEEING ELECTRICITY SUPPLIERS
O. Mozgovaya, B. Phain, O. Tyomnaya, V. Kuznetsov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 233

Abstract
This paper has prepared as result of scientific research ‘The research of sales markups’ comparative method regulation effects for default electricity supplier’s financial results’ prepared as part of the state task of the RANEPA for 2022. The aim of this research is valuation the impact of comparative method regulation to the financial results of default electricity suppliers and prepare practical recommendations for improving the methodology of comparative method regulation usage. The research tasks are methodology establishment and estimation of the comparative method regulation effects for default electricity supplier’s financial results, and preparing recommendations for the comparative method optimization. The thematic justification consists in necessity to evaluate the practical results of comparative method implication in different aspects of default electricity supplier’s financial results and further development of the comparative method as part of Russian Energy strategy 2035 and realization of tariff transparency policy. The research methods include factor and data analysis, as well as financial analysis. Information (including financial reports) published by default electricity suppliers in accordance with the information disclosure standards was used as the information base of the research. The scientific novelty of the study is establishment and practical approval of methodology of estimation of the comparative method regulation effects for default electricity supplier’s financial results and prepare recommendations for the comparative method optimization. According to the results of the research the increasement of the big part of default electricity suppliers’ financial stability after transition to the comparative method in activity regulation of default electricity suppliers have been revealed. Prospects for further work on the subject of the study are to develop a methodology for reference regulation in other areas of regulated activity.
Abstract
This paper has prepared as result of scientific research ‘The research of sales markups’ comparative method regulation effects for default electricity supplier’s [...]
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FRONTIERS OF GLOBAL SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES: PROBLEMS OF SELECTION AND USING
N. Kurakova, O. Eremchenko, V. Zinov, F. Kurakov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 234

Abstract
The relevance of research is determined by the insufficient elaboration of the theoretical justification and methodological approaches to the analysis of the most dynamically developing thematic specialties of social and economic sciences. The purpose of this study is to develop approaches and highlight the trends and frontiers of the socio-economic sciences. The subject of the study is algorithms for assessing trends in socio-economic sciences. The work used theoretical and empirical research methods, including scientometric research methods, content analysis of scientific literature, analysis of opinions of the expert community. The key sources of information were data from three collections of scientific databases WoS CC, Scopus and ESI sampling. The result of the study was the identification of hot spots in the social sciences that are relevant for the middle of 2022. A review of modern methods of natural categorization of scientific research and models for choosing promising topics, as well as a search for services and tools for researching trends, is made. An original methodology for identifying thematic clusters based on algorithms for scientometric analysis and case study mapping has been developed. Among the most dynamically developing thematic areas, clusters have been singled out, which to a greater extent impose high demands and sustainable responses to the great challenges facing the Russian Federation. It was precisely such thematic areas that were given the status of 'frontier'. The conducted research allows to draw conclusions. The problem of identifying promising directions and trends in scientific research is an important task in the formation of national science policy in various countries, including Russia. Operational analysis and forecasting of scientific fronts and technology consumption are today considered as a key element of the country's technological development. The scientific novelty of the study lies in a new idea for the selection of frontier thematic areas based on the synthesis of special functions and options of three collections of documents from scientific databases WoS CC, Scopus and ESI sampling. As a recommendation, it is proposed to accept the synonymy of the concepts of 'priority direction', 'trend' and 'frontier' in the conceptual apparatus of the scientific and technological policy of the Russian Federation. The results obtained during the implementation of research work serve as a methodological and research basis for the development of new promising thematic priorities in the field of socio-economic research aimed at achieving ideological sovereignty in the new geopolitical realities.
Abstract
The relevance of research is determined by the insufficient elaboration of the theoretical justification and methodological approaches to the analysis of the most dynamically [...]
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IMPROVEMENT OF LEGISLATION AND LAW ENFORCEMENT IN THE FIELD OF SOCIALLY SIGNIFICANT SERVICES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FORMATION OF THE CONCEPT OF "CLIENT-CENTRICITY" IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
O. Grechkina, L. Dushakova, O. Shmaliy

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 235

Abstract
Currently, the issues of providing socially significant services in general have quite extensive regulation, based, among other things, on a significant volume of strategic planning acts. And this is completely objective, since it is this sphere of public administration that is most in demand and sensitive both in the context of the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation and its significance for the daily life of citizens. The social orientation of the state to the needs of citizens necessitates a consistent expansion of the availability and quality of socially significant services, which necessitates the formation of new narratives in this area of public relations, including the level of legal security and digital support. In this regard, new strategies and guidelines are emerging in the organization of the functioning of public power aimed at ensuring and implementing one of the basic values of the modern state - orientation to the needs of people, including all its services, which allows us to talk about the strategy of "client-centricity" in public administration, which is directly interrelated with the strategy of a "proactive" state, which is especially relevant in relation to socially significant services. The full and effective implementation of strategies and guidelines in the field of providing socially significant services largely depends on the quality of their legal support, including law enforcement, which makes it possible to raise the question of the need to monitor legislation and law enforcement in the field of socially significant services in the context of the formation of the concept of "client-centricity" in public administration and trends in the development of a new digital legal space. The results of this work can be used: in law-making and law enforcement activities of public authorities for: - improvement of legal regulation in the field of providing socially significant services, including assessment of the current regulatory framework and justification of directions for its improvement; - improvement of law enforcement practice, which will ensure the effectiveness of the provision of socially significant services.
Abstract
Currently, the issues of providing socially significant services in general have quite extensive regulation, based, among other things, on a significant volume of strategic [...]
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APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF THE SPREAD OF COVID-19 ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF RUSSIAN COMPANIES
A. Zhemkova

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 236

Abstract
The paper assesses the impact of the COVID-19 spread and measures of government support on the firms' productivity dynamics, its sectoral and regional heterogeneity. The work is structured as follows: the first section presents an analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 shock on various sectors of the Russian economy, examines the dynamics of firms' performance during the COVID-19, its industry and regional features, and systematizes a list of government measures to support enterprises during the COVID-19. The second section provides a literature review assessing the impact of supply and demand shocks, as well as state support measures on firms' performance, and discusses the basis for analyzing various aspects of firms' productivity. The third section presents the empirical strategy and the results of the empirical assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 shock and the support measures on the productivity of firms, provides within-firm and between-firm effects of COVID-19, its selection and reallocation effects. At the end of the work, the main conclusions of the study and recommendations are presented.
Abstract
The paper assesses the impact of the COVID-19 spread and measures of government support on the firms' productivity dynamics, its sectoral and regional heterogeneity. The [...]
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MODELING OF WHOLESALE NODE-BY-NODE ELECTRICITY PRICES IN RUSSIA USING A STOCHASTIC VOLATILITY MODEL
K. Kasyanova

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 237

Abstract
The Russian wholesale electricity market is divided into two price zones: the European (first) price zone and the Siberian (second) price zone. The pricing mechanisms in the first and second price zones are the same: within each price zone, there is a free competition market between producers, which is provided by a significant transmission capacity of the electrical network. At the same time, the flow between the price zones is insignificant, and the equilibrium prices differ to a large extent, since competitive bidding for electricity and capacity is held separately for each price zone. During the analysis of the spot prices by the price zones a two-level model of stochastic volatility was developed. It was already shown that the dynamics of electricity prices are significantly different in the European and Siberian price zones. The transition to the analysis of reginal prices allows to identify the possible causes of these differences. In particular, one of the analysis tools is the construction of linear regressions of estimates of the coefficients of the stochastic volatility model (calculated for each node/region) on the permanent region’s characteristics (geographical location of the region, shares of TPPs, NPPs and HPPs in the power generation structure, shares TPPs operating on gas and coal, the share of the main sectors of GRP). As a result of evaluating the models for the region-averaged node prices, the differences in average prices, weekly price dynamics, the effect size of holidays, heating degree-days and volumes of industrial production on prices between regions were explained. Analysis of node prices based on regional maps makes it possible to detect weaknesses in the infrastructure of the electric power industry and regions with anomalous dynamics of electricity prices.
Abstract
The Russian wholesale electricity market is divided into two price zones: the European (first) price zone and the Siberian (second) price zone. The pricing mechanisms in the [...]
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The quality of universities as a factor in the spatial distribution of skilled labor
K. Borzykh, Y. Ponomarev, I. Tylkin

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 238

Abstract
The problem of differentiation of HEIs by quality of educational, research and international activities and, as a consequence, of regional educational systems is relevant for Russia. To form a strong network of regional HEIs and to produce personnel whose competences meet the demands of the real sector of economy in the regions requires taking into account the spatial distribution of educational and postgraduate labour migration, specifics of location and quality of HEIs. The study obtained new statistical findings on the impact of the quality of regional educational systems on the volume of postgraduate migration and the propensity of university graduates to migrate to other regions in order to find employment. In addition, the contribution of universities to socio-economic development of regions ("third mission" of universities) has been empirically verified. It has been determined that improving the quality of universities has a positive impact on the propensity of graduates stay in regions where they receive their education, especially from "non-capital" regions. Universities can mitigate migration outflow of graduates and enhance human capital levels in regions by not only improving the quality and efficiency of education, but also by strengthening links with local labour markets through an active traineeship referral policy. Improving the quality of universities can be an additional tool of economic policy to increase regions' capacity to attract and retain qualified and educated young people, and to achieve more balanced spatial development of regions. In order to stimulate economic development in the regions, it is necessary to provide opportunities to improve the quality of the educational system and training of specialists demanded in regional labour markets, as well as to create conditions to encourage universities to provide scientific and expert analytical services to real sector organisations.
Abstract
The problem of differentiation of HEIs by quality of educational, research and international activities and, as a consequence, of regional educational systems is relevant [...]
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BUDGETARY RISKS OF USING CREDIT INSTRUMENTS OF THE "INFRASTRUCTURAL MENU" IN RUSSIAN REGIONS
D. Zemlyanskiy, V. Chuzhenkova, A. Abdullaev, L. Kalinovskiy, D. Medvednikova

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 224

Abstract
The research work is devoted to the comprehensive monitoring of the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation regions for 9 months of 2022. The relevance and practical significance of the study lies in the need for constant monitoring and diagnostics of the socioeconomic situation in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as in certain key types of territories due to changes in the socio-economic situation during the pandemic and the growth of sanctions pressure in 2022. The monitoring carried out makes it possible to comprehensively assess the risks of socio-economic development of the country's regions and identify subjects that require increased attention from the federal executive authorities. The main aim of the study: to assess the changes in the socio-economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation in 2021-2022 for the purposes of transforming the state policy in the field of spatial development. In accordance with this aim, the following tasks were determined to be solved within the framework of the study: to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics and level of socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2020-2022; analyze and identify the existing disproportions in the socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The following were used as key research methods: statistical analysis, economic analysis, mapping and GIS analysis, methods for constructing infographics and comparative analysis. Based on the monitoring results, it was determined that significant changes have occurred in the economic and social development of the regions over the past year. It has been established that according to the results of 9 months of 2022, the territories that were the leaders or the middle peasants in terms of the level of socio-economic development in previous years, as well as those regions that are characterized by a protracted systemic crisis, turned out to be in the worst situation. It is expected that at the end of 2022 and the beginning of 2023 there will be a gradual deterioration of the socio-economic situation, which will be associated with a further expansion of the geography of the recession, which will be accompanied not so much by an increase in negative dynamics in the economy, but by an increase in social problems.
Abstract
The research work is devoted to the comprehensive monitoring of the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation regions for 9 months of 2022. The relevance and practical [...]
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Russian Practice of Implementing a Single Tax Account for Individuals and Corporations
V. Gromov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 225

Abstract
Topical issues of the Russian state tax policy are referred to reducing administrative burden and increasing tax collection by means of information technologies being combined with the functions of tax authorities. Measures like that are usually included in the concept of digitalization. For recent years it has become one of the main priorities for the Federal Tax Service of Russia which are now strongly focused on increasing the transparency of financial and economic activities as well simplification of tax payment rules. And a single tax account represents a notable innovation in the area of the Russian tax administration. Objective and comprehensive analysis of its mechanism opens up a new direction in the study of tax digitalization which has a number of outstanding problems. The aim of the working paper is to formulate proposals concerning the pace of implementation of the single tax account on the basis of a balanced approach that takes into account the interests of both the state and economic entities. For this purpose, we identify advantages and benefits of tax payments consolidation along with limitations and risks. According to the results of the study we conclude that drastic mass implementation of the single tax account as a mandatory procedure for paying taxes outstrips the readiness of businesses to use it and can cause difficulties due to both possible technological failures for government and partial loss of control over financial flows for businesses. From this we argue that the better practice would be extending the experiment instead of accelerating the reform. Our recommendations are also to save the usual procedure for paying taxes until broad feedback is used for timely elimination of interaction shortcomings.
Abstract
Topical issues of the Russian state tax policy are referred to reducing administrative burden and increasing tax collection by means of information technologies being combined [...]
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ASSESSMENT OF THE OUTCOMES OF THE USE OF FOREIGN TRADE INSTRUMENTS TO REGULATE THE DOMESTIC MARKET OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN RUSSIA
N. Svetlov, D. Ternovsky, V. Uzun, N. Shagaida, A. Potapova, E. Shishkina

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 226

Abstract
The current stage of regulation of the domestic market of agricultural products using foreign trade restrictions, associated with the growth of world food prices in 2020-2022 solves the problem of preventing the transfer of growth in world prices to domestic prices. The need to assess the impact of the regulatory tools used on the state of agricultural producers forms a hypothesis and determines the relevance of the study. Objective: to assess the impact of foreign trade instruments for regulating the agricultural market on the state of its producers. Object: producers of agricultural products. Subject: production, consumption, export and import of agricultural products. The study was carried out at the Center of Agro-Food Policy, RANEPA, 2022. Methods and data: data from Rosstat, Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, Federal Tax Service of Russia, Federal Customs Service of Russia, Bank of Russia, FAS USDA, CEPII. The data and regulatory documents used, links to which are placed in the text of the study, are relevant as of May 2022. Methods of economic and statistical analysis were used during the study Results: assessment of the current regulation of the domestic market of agricultural goods and the prerequisites for the use of alternative instruments. Conclusions. The introduced export duty on grain crops performs a fiscal function and, in part, a regulatory function in terms of reducing domestic prices. The direct effect of the introduction of export customs duties is a multiple of the fiscal effect of the current tax system. There are disproportions in the distribution of the amount of collected duties - in regions with developed chains of vertical integration, the cost recovery rate per 1 ton is higher than in regions where the produced grain is fully sold on the market. The level of marketability of production has a significant impact on the amount of support. The transition to determining the amount of subsidies using the maximum level of co-financing of the expenditure obligation of the subject of the federation leads to a significant decrease in the funds received by manufacturers in regions with a high level of budgetary security. Research prospects. The analysis carried out serves as a basis for studying the effectiveness of domestic market regulation instruments, alternative to foreign trade restrictions.
Abstract
The current stage of regulation of the domestic market of agricultural products using foreign trade restrictions, associated with the growth of world food prices in 2020-2022 [...]
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THE ANALYSIS OF LEGAL MEANS TO PREVENT FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS DUE TO THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
V. Yuzhakov, E. Talapina, I. Chereshneva

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 227

Abstract
Nowadays none country in the world has developed a holistic regulatory approach to regulation of artificial intelligence use. Meanwhile, in the digital landscape the risks of human rights violations are increasing, which is gained newfound relevance of the need to simultaneous development of legal protection of human rights in mastery of technology and artificial intelligence capabilities by public administration. In this regard the objectives of this paper are to analyze the current state of legal regulation of AI use in public administration and to formulate of proposals for legal groundwork for preventing and overcoming the risks of human rights violations due to the use of AI in public administration. As a part of the study scientific publications on this topic, international and national laws and regulations, including foreign countries have been analyzed. The main results of the preprint are the results of the analysis of the state of legal regulation of AI use in public administration; the results of the analysis of potential risks of human rights violations due to the use of AI in public administration; the author's systematization of the risks of human rights violations due to the use of AI in public administration, as varied the institutional system of rights protection; the proposals for legal means to prevent and overcome the risks of human rights violations due to the use of AI in public administration. The study allows for the conclusion about the lack of attention to the human rights aspect in forecasting, regulating and using of AI in public administration as well as the necessity to design a system of legal means to prevent and overcome the risks of human rights violations due to the use of AI in public administration. The lack of proper regulation of AI use in public administration, which involves the risks of human rights violations, determines the scientific novelty and potential practical significance of the study brought to attention of readers. The author's concept involves the promotion of a human-centered approach to the use of artificial intelligence technology in public administration. Its findings and results can be taken into account and used for the formulation and state policy implementation in ensuring human rights due to the use of AI in the Russian public administration.
Abstract
Nowadays none country in the world has developed a holistic regulatory approach to regulation of artificial intelligence use. Meanwhile, in the digital landscape the risks [...]
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DATA PROCESSING IN THE INTERESTS OF PROVIDING PROACTIVE PUBLIC SERVICES: PROSPECTS FOR LEGAL REGULATION
E. Talapina, V. Yuzhakov, A. Efremov, D. Koziar, I. Chereshneva

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 228

Abstract
Ensuring fundamental human rights is a constitutional duty of the Russian state. In digital age the risks of human rights violations are increasing, which is gained newfound relevance of the need to implement a consistent state policy, especially with data processing in providing public services in a new proactive mode. The objective of this paper is to analyze legal regulation and develop a legal framework of data processing in the interests of providing proactive public services. The subject of the study is scientific publications, international and national laws and regulations, including foreign countries. The study is used formal legal and historical legal methods, method of legal interpretation as well as comparative legal method and statistical methods. The results of the study are the author's concept and typology of proactive public services, an assessment of the regulatory competence of bodies providing proactive public services, proposals for the application of the theory of informational self-determination in the context of providing proactive public services, proposals for the differentiation of legal regimes of personal data and big data processing for providing proactive public services, and what is more, legal analysis findings of data security used in proactive public service delivery. The main result of the study is a legal framework of data processing that responds to both the active intentions of a body providing a service and the subjective rights of an applicant who is a data owner. The study allows for the conclusion about the insufficient enshrinement in national legislation of the proactive public service delivery mode implemented in practice, which, meanwhile, has significant differences from the reactive mode previously implemented into the legislation. Particularly important differences relate to personal data processing and the enshrinement of general requirements for proactive public services. It is necessary to promptly develop the regulatory framework based on principles address both the rights to personal citizen data and the possibility of the state to obtain it in order to establish a regular state function to provide public services in a new format. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the lack of regulation of the public service delivery process in the proactive mode as well as the lack of empirical research of conceptual framework of the process. Based on the results of the study recommendations are to use the findings in the formation of an appropriate regulatory framework and state policy in digital public administration and data processing in the provision of proactive public services.
Abstract
Ensuring fundamental human rights is a constitutional duty of the Russian state. In digital age the risks of human rights violations are increasing, which is gained newfound [...]
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IMPROVEMENT OF TAXATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF INCOME OF INDIVIDUALS RECEIVED FROM SOURCES EXISTING IN DIGITAL FORM
E. Chernyakova, E. Yastrebova, L. Aslapovskaya

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 229

Abstract
Deepening digitalization leads to increasing involvement of people in pastimes and activities on various platforms, and, accordingly, a significant increase in the income of individuals from YouTube (YouTube), VK, and other similar sources of income through subscriptions, donations, advertising, etc. The changes that began in Russia in the spring of 2022, changes in the composition of digital income sources (change in the number of foreign sources, reorientation to Asian platforms, and the growth in the number of popular Russian platforms), do not change the essence of the situation with the need to control digital income. The coronavirus pandemic has changed many areas of life and the activities of individuals, companies, and countries. It should be noted that the coronavirus pandemic, in which people were in self-isolation, and some people lost their jobs, also contributed to a significant increase in income from the respective platforms. Another modern trend is the widespread use of self-employed regimes in the economy, the work of people outside labor contracts. The use of these regimes not only simplifies the involvement of individuals in legal business activities but also provides additional opportunities for tax evasion. The most striking example is the Uber case in the UK. The expansion of the use of cryptocurrencies and the beginning of the actual taxation of income from cryptocurrencies is also another modern trend. All the above trends indicate the relevance of the work and require detailed analysis, based on the results of which it is advisable to adjust the tax legislation of Russia. The subject of the study is the income of individuals received from sources that exist in digital form. The main goal of the study is to modernize some aspects of the current system of taxation of individuals to ensure the rights of citizens of the Russian Federation and the fiscal interests of the state. The main tasks to be solved within the framework of the study: an overview of the main modern changes in the world and Russia that affect or may affect the taxation of individuals; identification and analysis of modern trends in the taxation of individuals in the world; identification and analysis of additional modern trends in the taxation of individuals, characteristic of Russia; preparation of proposals for improving the taxation of individuals in Russia. Research methods - a set of general scientific and special methods of cognition, namely, system analysis, the method of analogy, and the general logical method of generalization, comparative legal, structural, and functional analysis. The sources of information in the study are research materials of Russian and foreign scientists, legislative bases, websites of tax authorities of the countries of the world, the information presented on the digital platforms themselves, the media, and other sources. The scientific novelty of the study is primarily due to the novelty of the very issue of obtaining significant income for individuals from sources that exist in digital form. In addition, the scientific novelty of the study is due to 7 the analysis of the latest scientific research on this issue, as well as the latest changes in tax legislation and initiatives of the tax authorities of foreign countries on the topic of the study. It should be noted that regulation in the field of cryptocurrencies is only being formed in the world. The result of the work will be the preparation of proposals for improving the legislative framework for taxation and administration of income of individuals in Russia received from sources that exist in digital form. As a result of the analysis of foreign experience, the following conclusions were drawn both at the country level and the OECD level, there is a tendency to involve platforms in the fulfillment of tax obligations by taxpayers when they receive income in digital form. However, the level of platform engagement varies. This is how Youtube withholds tax on the income of individuals at the source, and for example, Twitch and Patreon accumulate information about the income received by individuals and share it with taxpayers and the tax service, leaving the obligation to pay tax for individuals. In terms of advertising, it can be said that there are several options for the interaction of creators with advertising companies, in some cases, such interaction can be qualified as labor activity. Accordingly, the taxation of income received may vary. We point out that from September 1, 2022, amendments to the law on advertising came into force in Russia, which can fill with practical meaning the theoretical possibility of various taxation of income from the interaction of creators with advertising companies. Also interesting is the experience in terms of dividing a person's activities into hobbies and entrepreneurship and, accordingly, the difference in taxation. In terms of cryptocurrencies, the initiatives of Asian countries are primarily interesting. As recommendations, it seems appropriate to consider foreign experience in terms of the taxation of such individuals as bloggers and streamers, and the involvement of digital platforms in the fulfillment by individuals of their tax obligations. In the future, this work can become the basis for work to improve the taxation of the entire system for obtaining relevant income, including not only individuals but also companies.
Abstract
Deepening digitalization leads to increasing involvement of people in pastimes and activities on various platforms, and, accordingly, a significant increase in the income [...]
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ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY OF EXPERIMENTS CARRIED OUT OR SUPPORTED BY THE STATE ADMINISTRATION TO ACCELERATE THE SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEMS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
V. Yuzhakov, E. Dobrolyubova, A. Efremov

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 230

Abstract
The relevance of the study relates to the context of increasing use of government-regulated, initiated, conducted or supported by government experiments, there is a need to evaluate their effectiveness and efficiency to ensure the quality of government. The objective of the paper is assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of experiments, including experimental legal regimes, in the public administration of the Russian Federation and developing proposals for improving the application of this public administration tool in order to ensure its effectiveness and efficiency. The subject of this research is legal regulation and experimentation in the practice of public administration in the Russian Federation. Research methods include analytical methods (comparative legal, structural and functional analysis, content analysis, synthesis), statistical methods, and legal and technical methods. The results of the study include an analysis of data on legal regulation and the practice of conducting experiments in the public administration of the Russian Federation for 2021-2022; assessment of their effectiveness and efficiency, as well as proposals for improving the use of this public administration tool in order to ensure the achievement of the national development goals of the Russian Federation. The research allows us to draw the following conclusions. In the Russian practice of applying experiments in public administration, there is no systematic assessment of their effectiveness and efficiency, both at the stage of their development and at the stage of their implementation. In the absence of such an assessment, it is impossible to make informed decisions about the appropriateness of both conducting experiments and scaling the results obtained; their contribution to the achievement of the national development goals of the country is not obvious either. The scientific novelty of the research lies in assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of experiments in the public administration of the Russian Federation for 2021-2022. Recommendations based on the results of the study are related to the need exclude the adoption of programs for conducting experiments and regulations on their conduct that do not contain performance and efficiency indicators, their basic and target values; legislatively establish the procedure for publishing reports on the results of experiments in the field of public administration, including an assessment of their effectiveness and efficiency (with the exception of cases where the subject of the experiments is information constituting a state secret); legally distinguish between the concepts of effectiveness and success of experiments; establish the expediency of replicating the results of only those experiments, the success of which - including for the implementation of national development goals - has been proven based on the results of their implementation.
Abstract
The relevance of the study relates to the context of increasing use of government-regulated, initiated, conducted or supported by government experiments, there is a need to [...]
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Meso-institutions in the International Practice of Industry Development
N. Korol

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 231

Abstract
The task of increasing the effectiveness of economic policy and identifying the reasons for the success or failure of reforms, in particular in the field of sectoral regulation, remains topical both for practitioners – developers of new laws and for researchers. Canadian economist Claude Menard and a number of other followers of the new institutional economics are looking for a solution to this problem within the framework of meso-institutions – an intermediate link between the institutional environment (macro-institutions) and institutional agreements (micro-institutions). The concept of meso-institutions is not well-established, and even in the works of Claude Menard himself, it is evolving. The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of the mesoinstitutional level of analysis based on a review of studies on the factors of sustainable functioning and regulatory reforms in the international practice of industry development. A generalized definition of meso-institutions is formulated as following: meso-institutions are a set of mechanisms (regulatory rules) and tools/devices (organizations, such as a regulatory agency) that define the field of possible and permitted transactions between economic agents within the framework of general macro-rules, that ensure the performance of the functions of structuring relations, specifying and adapting rules, monitoring, as well as ensuring their execution. In addition, two directions of practical application of this theoretical development were identified: analysis of the causes of reform failures, and determination of the advantages and disadvantages of comparative institutional alternatives for interaction between business and the state in the sphere of regulation of industries. The comparative effectiveness of alternative meso-institutions depends on the conditions of the institutional environment, consisting of both formal and informal norms, on the structure of the industry, the forms of institutional agreements prevailing in it, and other factors.
Abstract
The task of increasing the effectiveness of economic policy and identifying the reasons for the success or failure of reforms, in particular in the field of sectoral regulation, [...]
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The role of Media Management of Television Productions on the Cognitive Choice of Programs by the Audience
H. Hussein Al Mahdi, S. Seyedhoseini, M. Rezaei

International Journal of Business Information Systems (IJBIS) collection (2023). 1

Abstract
What we see in media such as television is the final product of a complex process. A set of extensive activities and based on internal rules and regulations of media organizations, programs are produced by different people with different tastes and opinions. Therefore, paying attention to the problem of the audience and the conscious choice of television programs by them is an important issue that has not been addressed so far, and the lack of this type of investigation is felt in the research of the television field. In this research, the researcher tries to investigate the role of media management styles of television productions on the cognitive selection of programs by the audience, as well as determine the level of benefit and trust of the audience towards this medium (television).
Abstract
What we see in media such as television is the final product of a complex process. A set of extensive activities and based on internal rules and regulations of media organizations, [...]
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A Discrete Element Analysis of the Mechanical Behaviour of an Electrode Active Layer
A. Lundkvist, P. Larsson, E. Olsson

particles2023.

Abstract
One of the main challenges in the development of lithium-ion batteries is mitigating the decrease in charge capacity over time. The loss of charge capacity in lithium-ion batteries stem from different phenomena, one of which is mechanical degradation. This study uses the discrete element method (DEM) to investigate the mechanical properties of a positive electrode layer. The goal is to link the local mechanical behaviour, on the particle scale, to the global behaviour of the electrode layer. Understanding the coupling between length scales is crucial for understanding and reducing the mechanical degradation and as the active particles, and the binder connecting it, form a granular structure in the electrode layer, DEM is a well-suited method to apply. The DEM model developed considered both interaction between active particles, as well as interaction between particles separated by binder. This study targeted to replicate the in-plane unloading stiffness of the electrode layer, which had been measured experimentally by Gupta et al. [1] through a U-shape bending test. The experiments measured the stiffness both in compression and in tension at various strain levels and load rates. The developed model was able to capture the constant stiffness in tension at different strain levels and the stiffness increase at higher compression levels markedly. The viscoelastic behaviour of the layer, with an increased stiffness at increased load rates, could be captured quantitatively by increasing the binder stiffness. This work lays an excellent foundation for further investigations of the mechanical properties of the active layer and its mechanical degradation mechanisms, such as viscoelasticity in the binder and swelling and fracture of the active particles.
Abstract
One of the main challenges in the development of lithium-ion batteries is mitigating the decrease in charge capacity over time. The loss of charge capacity in lithium-ion [...]
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Comparison of axial loads from design live load models and real trucks on existing 3D-truss bridges in Mexico
A. Hernández-Martínez, A. García-Soto, J. Valdes-Vazquez

Revista Mexicana de Métodos Numéricos (2023). Vol. 7, 2

Abstract
The load effects to which bridge systems and structural elements are subjected to due to vehicular passage are estimated using live load models contained in bridge design codes. Those live load models are frequently derived for girder bridges subjected to shear forces and bending moments. However, other type of bridges, as truss bridges and others, can be subjected to other forces too, for instance axial loads and other effects. In Mexico, in past decades 3D-truss bridges based on a structural system known as “Tridilosa” were designed and built. The live load models to analyze them were widely used to design girder bridges; moreover, the traffic at the time may differ from more recent trucks and vehicles. This paper investigates the adequacy of live load models from codified design to represent load forces on the referred 3D-truss bridges, as compared to realistic Mexican traffic from WIM (weigh-in-motion) data. The results show that live load models in bridge codes are not necessarily adequate to assess forces in the existing 3D-truss (“Tridilosa”) bridges in Mexico.
Abstract
The load effects to which bridge systems and structural elements are subjected to due to vehicular passage are estimated using live load models contained in bridge design [...]
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Investigation of the draw down test method for the calibration of the DEM sliding friction and rolling friction parameters of a cohesionless bulk material
J. Marín, T. Comlekci, D. MacKenzie, Y. Gorash

particles2023.

Abstract
Discrete Element Method (DEM) is a numerical method that evaluates the interaction between particles and particle-boundaries [1]. The accuracy of the DEM simulations depends on several interaction parameters such as sliding friction and rolling friction coefficients. Most recent studies have shown that a draw down test can provide four criteria: angle of repose, shear angle, mass in the upper/lower box after test is done and mass flow rate that were used to calibrate bulk material sliding friction and rolling friction coefficients [2-3]. In general, these studies have used a fix aperture size of the upper box leading to a specific behaviour flow regime. In this study, three different flow regimes have been studied to evaluate if one set of unique parameters can reproduce the same response for these scenarios. A draw down test was carried out using gravel with particle size between 8-12.5 mm. The aperture size used were 50, 100 and 150 mm. During the test, the transient load was measured using a load cell in the upper box and pictures were taken after the test was done. DEM simulations were performed using the EDEM software where a single spherical and multi-sphere particle shape were used to obtain draw down calibration parameters by varying sliding friction and rolling friction parameters between 0.1 to 0.8 with an step of 0.1. When overlapping the four bulk criteria from 100 and 150 mm in aperture size using single sphere, it was possible to obtain a unique set of parameters. However, for 50 mm there was no overlapping which may indicate that using single sphere might not be accurate for all flow regimes. When using multi-sphere particle, the overlap led to a wide range of sliding friction coefficient for all cases, and although when overlapping the three scenarios there was no feasible region, it shows a tendency where a unique set of parameters might provide an approximate solution for all cases.
Abstract
Discrete Element Method (DEM) is a numerical method that evaluates the interaction between particles and particle-boundaries [1]. The accuracy of the DEM simulations depends [...]
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Particle-Level Experiments of Non-Dilative Interfaces: Accurate Input Parameters for Numerical Simulations
L. Kandpal, P. Vangla

particles2023.

Abstract
The development of more accurate force prediction models developed through particle-level experiments is required to accurately model non-dilative interfaces from micro to macro. Further, selecting reliable input parameters for DEM remains a challenge. Thus, micromechanical experimental studies are of fundamental importance that can provide insights into microscale aspects for in-depth knowledge of non-dilative interfaces. This study presents custom-designed, reliable, and sensitive equipment that facilitates shear tests for non-dilative interfaces under different configurations that simulate suitable conditions for geotechnical applications. This research offers a logical rationale for the non-dilative interface system's observed shear behavior.
Abstract
The development of more accurate force prediction models developed through particle-level experiments is required to accurately model non-dilative interfaces from micro to [...]
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Development and Validation of a High Order Finite Element CFD-DEM Solver
T. Geitani, S. Golshan, B. Blais

particles2023.

Abstract
Currently existing computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CFD-DEM) solvers suffer from computationally expensive coupling between the CFD and DEM as it requires calculating at each fluid time-step the void fraction and the solid-fluid forces such as drag, lift, buoyancy, and undisturbed flow forces. We develop a unified finite element CFD-DEM solver which integrates the CFD and DEM solvers into a single software resulting in faster and cheaper coupling. Our fluid formulation is stabilized using tailored techniques to prevent oscillations in regions of sharp gradients, to enhance the robustness of the formulation and local mass conservation, and to relax the Ladyzhenskaya-Babuska-Brezzi inf-sup condition. The developed solver supports high order finite elements resulting in better accuracy with larger cell sizes. Moreover, our solver supports dynamic load balance parallelization for both the particles and the fluid. This evens the distribution of workloads among processors, resulting in better efficiency and resource exploitation. Additionally, we develop a new spatially and temporally continuous analytical void fraction scheme called Quadrature-Centered Method (QCM). This scheme results in less computational time, better accuracy and convergence, and enhanced mass conservation. It also enables the use of very small CFD time-steps thus achieving better temporal accuracy and the use of mesh sizes smaller than those commonly used in CFD-DEM (< 3 times the particle diameter.) We validate our solver through several cases among which we will discuss a spouted bed test case where particle velocities matched those of the experiments, a particle sedimentation test case where we study the effect of the void fraction scheme choice on the particle’s terminal velocity, and a particle Rayleigh-Taylor Instability where the particles constituted the heavy phase and where we study the evolution of the mixing layer with time.
Abstract
Currently existing computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CFD-DEM) solvers suffer from computationally expensive coupling between the CFD and DEM as it requires [...]
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Assessing the Impact of Relative Motion on Hydrodynamic Force Interactions between Particles Pair
L. Barbeau, B. Blais, C. Béguin, S. Éthienne

particles2023.

Abstract
The hydrodynamic interactions between particles have significant effects in many engineering fields, such as fluidized beds and slurry sedimentation. This is because they can impact the macroscopic process parameters of these systems (e.g., particles' cluster sedimentation speed) [1-2]. To better understand the hydrodynamic interaction between particles and its effects on macroscopic process parameters, it is necessary to understand the hydrodynamic force interactions between individual particles as a function of their relative position and velocity. The first step in this direction is the interaction between a pair of particles, which remains an active area of research. It is established that drag and lift forces applied on a particle change in function of its relative position and velocity to another particle. However, the impact of these changes on their dynamics is limited. We first study the effects of the relative position between the particles and the Reynolds number on the drag and lift forces applied to them to constitute a pairwise fluid force model. This force model is the basis for a new reduced-order particle dynamics model that also includes lubrication, Basset, and added mass forces. We compare the results obtained for a series of sedimentation cases with the reduced-order model with those obtained from a resolved computational fluid dynamic solver coupled with a discrete element method (CFD-DEM) [3]. Comparing the fluid forces obtained between these to the model enables us to assess the impact of the particles' relative motion on the hydrodynamic forces applied to them (e.g., drag, lift, and forces). These sedimentation cases also allow us to evaluate the effects of the density ratio between the particle and the fluid on the virtual mass force and its impact on the dynamic of the particles. This study is a stepping stone toward a complete model for hydrodynamic forces in particle clusters.
Abstract
The hydrodynamic interactions between particles have significant effects in many engineering fields, such as fluidized beds and slurry sedimentation. This is because they [...]
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DEM and CFD-DEM: From established technology to new frontiers
C. Kloss, A. Mayrhofer, M. Niemann, A. Aigner, P. Seil, M. Kwakkel, C. Govina

particles2023.

Abstract
Discrete Element Method (DEM) and DEM coupled to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD-DEM) are established techniques for optimization and design of particle processes. Its applicability to a wide range of processes has been proven for many different industrial and environmental applications. The extension to new fields and processes has been made possible by continuous improvements of: (i) models, (ii) numerical methods and (iii) computational performance. DEM and CFD-DEM have evolved from pure “particle modelling tools” to numerical tools to model “particulate flow””. Combining the Lagrangian nature of discretization with complex interaction models, the behaviour of viscous pastes, compressible powders, melting polymers just to name a few, has become feasible. Additionally much attention has been given to improvement of numerical aspects, which led to improved stability and therefore applicability of the models. Last but not least, the computational efficiency and possibility to make use of available computational resources has boosted the technology to new levels. The authors give their perspective on some corner-stones and highlights in modelling and development that were made in the past few years, which lead to this break-through and give some concrete examples of current state of the art modelling capability. Based on this solid foundation that has been build, new goals are within reach and the authors will give some insight on future opportunities for this modelling technology.
Abstract
Discrete Element Method (DEM) and DEM coupled to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD-DEM) are established techniques for optimization and design of particle processes. Its applicability [...]
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Learning Physics-consistent Particle Interactions
Z. Han, O. Fink, D. Kammer

particles2023.

Abstract
Interacting particle systems are ubiquitous in nature and engineering. Access to the governing particle interaction law is of fundamental importance for a complete understanding of such systems. However, it is particularly challenging to extract this information from experimental observations due to the intricate configuration complexities involved. Machine learning methods have the potential to learn the behavior of interacting particle systems by combining experiments with data analysis methods. However, most existing algorithms focus on learning the kinetics at the particle level and do not learn the pairwise interactions specifically. Moreover, in reality, interacting particle systems are often heterogeneous, where multiple interaction types coexist simultaneously and relational inference is required. An approach that can simultaneously reveal the hidden pairwise interaction types and infer the unknown heterogeneous governing interactions constitutes a necessary advancement for our understanding of particle systems. However, this task is considerably more challenging than its homogeneous counterpart. Here, we propose the physics-induced graph network for particle interaction (PIG'N'PI) allowing to precisely infer the pairwise interactions that are consistent with underlying physical laws by only being trained to predict the particle acceleration for homogeneous systems. We further propose a novel method for relational inference which combines probabilistic inference and PIG'N'PI to learn different kinds of interactions for heterogeneous systems. We test the proposed methodologies on multiple benchmark datasets and demonstrate that the learnt interactions are consistent with the underlying physics and the proposed relational inference method achieves superior performance in correctly inferring interaction types. In addition, the proposed model is data-efficient and generalizable to large systems when trained on small systems, contrary to previously proposed solutions. The developed methodology constitutes a key element for the discovery of the fundamental laws that determine macroscopic mechanical properties of particle systems.
Abstract
Interacting particle systems are ubiquitous in nature and engineering. Access to the governing particle interaction law is of fundamental importance for a complete understanding [...]
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DEM Study Investigating the Effect of Particle Shape on Compaction of Realistic Non-Spherical Particles Using Convolutional Neural Network
K. Giannis

particles2023.

Abstract
This study focused on investigating the deformation behavior of non-spherical particles under high-load compaction, utilizing the multi-contact discrete element method (MC-DEM). To account for the non-spherical shape of the particles, two methods were employed: the bonded multi-sphere method (BMS) and the conventional multi-sphere (CMS). The BMS approach yielded accurate results in predicting the compression behavior of a single rubber sphere, while the CMS method failed to replicate the same behavior. Building on these findings, the BMS method was utilized to study the uniaxial compaction of Avicel® PH 200, a popular choice of excipient due to its ability to enhance the stability, flowability, and compressibility of tablet formulations. The results obtained from this study showed very good agreement with experimental data. To generate realistic 3D models of particles, a novel approach was introduced, which combines 2D projections and deep learning algorithms utilizing a 3D convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) methodology. Surrogate model was used to overcome the computational cost of DEM simulations. The findings of this study offer a valuable tool for researchers and engineers to efficiently and accurately generate 3D models of particles, leading to new insights and innovations in a range of applications such as rock and mineral analysis, battery materials, pharmaceuticals, and space exploration.
Abstract
This study focused on investigating the deformation behavior of non-spherical particles under high-load compaction, utilizing the multi-contact discrete element method (MC-DEM). [...]
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Particle-based Modeling of Metal Powder Additive Manufacturing
M. Liu

particles2023.
- 0
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Adaptive Data-Driven Modeling of Complex Systems
J. Andrade

particles2023.
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Finite strain elastoplastic and solid-solid contact problems with the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
D. Morikawa, M. Asai

particles2023.

Abstract
The Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a numerical scheme in which the domain is discretized into Lagrangian particles in the context of continuum mechanics. It has been widely used for fluid dynamics problems, and recently it has also been applied to solid mechanics with reasonable success. In this work, we present a total Lagrangian SPH (TL-SPH) for the application of solid mechanics and contact problems. Total Langrangian stands for the usage of the reference configuration to calculate the spatial derivatives. As a consequence, all particles maintain a perfect distribution, which, in turns, results in highly accurate calculations. In this way, the method is able to eliminate any problem related to tensile instability, which is one of the main shortcomings of SPH. Here, we introduce a simple, yet robust, way to include finite strain elastoplasticity into the TL-SPH method based on the logarithmic strain. Then, the elastic part can be easily defined with the Hencky elastic model, and the plastic part with any yield criteria such as Drucker-Prager. In addition, we develop a contact algorithm capable of simulating solid-solid contact problems. In this way, the simulation of different objects becomes a mix of continuous and discontinuous problems. Finally, we show the applicability of the method with several simple tests to validate the accuracy of the TL-SPH for simulating the elastoplastic solid material, as well as for contact problems including direct impact and friction effects. REFERENCES [1] Morikawa D.S. Toward robust landslide simulations from initiation to post-failure using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics. Kyushu University PhD thesis (2022).
Abstract
The Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a numerical scheme in which the domain is discretized into Lagrangian particles in the context of continuum mechanics. It has [...]
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Discrete element method for combination of continuous and partical problems
R. Varga

particles2023.

Abstract
The Discrete Element Method (DEM) is a numerical approach that deals with the motion and interactions of individual elements. This method is mainly used in particle mechanics because it is overshadowed by other techniques such as the finite element method (FEM) when dealing with continuous problems. For this reason, it is not commonly known among structural engineers. However, its use can be found in cases that combine particle and continuum mechanics problems, such as crack propagation in reinforced concrete members. Calculating and optimizing these types of problems using FEM is challenging due to frequent mesh changes or the requirement for difficult-to-detect parameters in standard practice. This post discusses the possibility of using the DEM method with an extension of the beam-bound model (BBM). In this method, a beam element is inserted between the bounded discrete elements to transfer all types of forces and moments. The problem of this method is to define the correct cross-sectional and material characteristics of the individual beam members. In study, we focus on the determination of these parameters and the verification of this method on model examples of reinforced concrete elements such as simply supported and fixed beams.
Abstract
The Discrete Element Method (DEM) is a numerical approach that deals with the motion and interactions of individual elements. This method is mainly used in particle mechanics [...]
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Parametric Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Material Model Calibration from Full-Field Displacement Data
D. Anton, H. Wessels

particles2023.

Abstract
The identification of material parameters occurring in material models is essential for structural health monitoring. Due to chemical and physical processes, building structures and materials age during their service life. This, in turn, leads to a deterioration in both the reliability and quality of the structures. The material parameters indicate possible damage and material degradation, as they directly reflect the resistance of the structure to external impacts. We further developed physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) [1] for the calibration of the linear-elastic material model from full-field displacement data and global force data in a realistic regime [2]. For a realistic data regime, the optimization problem had to be conditioned. The advantage of this method is a straightforward inclusion of observation data. Unlike grid-based methods, such as the least square finite element method approach, no computational grid and no interpolation of the data are required. However, directly solving inverse problems using PINNs is computationally expensive and prone to realistic noise levels in the measurement data. Moreover, the PINN must be trained completely from scratch for each new full-field displacement measurement, even if the geometry and material of the structure remain unchanged. In our ongoing work, we are therefore focusing on learning parameterized solutions of parametric partial differential equations using PINNs, such as [3]. We further investigate the ability of parametric PINNs to act as a surrogate for the identification of material parameters from full-field displacement data. By learning parameterized solutions, the PINN does not need to be completely re-trained for each full-field displacement measurement. The calibration of the material model can thus be drastically accelerated, and information about the material condition can be provided near real-time. Furthermore, we also plan to apply the parametric PINN to more complex material models, such as those for hyper-elastic and elasto-plastic materials.
Abstract
The identification of material parameters occurring in material models is essential for structural health monitoring. Due to chemical and physical processes, building structures [...]
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DEM-BPM modelling of coated particles to investigate their crash absorbing behaviour
W. Safdar, S. Heinrich, A. Düster

particles2023.

Abstract
The collision of ships remains a significant cause of accidents, resulting in severe environmental consequences such as oil spillage from oil tankers. Enhancing the crashworthiness of ship structural design is crucial, and one approach being explored is the filling of the double hull structure with granular material [1]. Coating these particles with environmentally friendly materials can optimize their ability to absorb kinetic energy and transfer loads from the outer to the inner hull [2]. However, the mechanical behavior of the coated particles depends on the type of coating material, posing challenges in developing numerical simulation models. To address this, an open-source Discrete Element Method (DEM) code called MUSEN [3] is utilized to numerically model the behavior of coated particles. Furthermore, MUSEN can be extended using the Bonded Particle Method (BPM) to simulate particle breakage through solid bridges. However, the inclusion of coating material in the model increases the number of parameters, as well as computational time and cost. This requires a robust methodology to characterize the mechanical behaviour regardless of the type of coating material with reduced computational cost, keeping in mind the actual application inside the ship double hull. Sensitivity analyses and parametric studies are conducted to understand the effect of input parameters and identify the influential ones. Subsequently, algorithms such as the Particle Swarm Algorithm are employed for parameter optimization. Finally, models of different fidelity are used to compare the results from multi particle compression tests. The findings from these simulations will be presented in this contribution
Abstract
The collision of ships remains a significant cause of accidents, resulting in severe environmental consequences such as oil spillage from oil tankers. Enhancing the crashworthiness [...]
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A Novel Parallelisation Scheme for DEM on Distributed Memory Computers
E. Staercke, C. Nougiuer-Lehon, F. Frolio

particles2023.

Abstract
Several strategies have been proposed for high performance computing with DEM. Yet, quite few works have been published on this topic (e.g., [1-3]), compared to the extensive use of DE simulations as a modelling tool in research and industry. This is however not surprising, since granular media at the grain scale appear as highly evolutive and disordered systems, which makes effective parallelisation a challenging task. We present an approach which exploits an inherent limitation of DE simulations, as the opportunity for an efficient and flexible parallel implementation on distributed memory computers. Namely, the “numerical sound speed” set by the representative particle diameter and the time step defines an upper bound for the celerity at which perturbations can propagate across the discrete medium. We show how this numerical artefact (of negligible importance for most applications) can be turned into an original criterion of spatial domain decomposition, which leads to a DEM-suited parallelisation scheme. We present our approach through its actual implementation into the DEM’ocritus code [4,5]. We analyse its performance through benchmarks and parametric analyses of biaxial tests, on assemblies of up to 15 million circular particles.
Abstract
Several strategies have been proposed for high performance computing with DEM. Yet, quite few works have been published on this topic (e.g., [1-3]), compared to the extensive [...]
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Modeling and Simulation of Soil and Soil-Tool Interaction for Industrial Applications
M. Harutyunyan, S. Emmerich, S. Steidel, M. Burger, K. Jareteg, J. Quist

particles2023.

Abstract
Modeling of soil-tool interaction for industrial applications involves the coupling of soil models, mostly based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM), with multibody systems, representing construction machinery such as excavators or wheel loaders. To obtain accurate predictions of reaction forces on tools like wheel loader buckets, it is essential to have an appropriate parametrization procedure, which makes use of data obtained from laboratory tests such as the triaxial compression test or direct shear test for different types of soil. Simulations with suitable DEM-softwares can then be validated against the experimental data to assess the applicability and performance of the numerical methods [2, 3] The DEM software GRAnular Physics Engine (GRAPE) developed at Fraunhofer ITWM in Germany has been successfully used to simulate compression and shear tests and has been proven to yield good predictions of the soil-tool interaction and draft forces [4] for spherical particles such as coarse sand. A year-long collaboration with the Fraunhofer-Chalmers Centre (FCC) in Sweden has successfully resulted in the development of a soil simulation toolbox for FCC’s general purpose DEM solver Demify® incorporating and enhancing the simulation techniques used in GRAPE [1]. Co-simulation is enabled through an FMI interface coupling Demify® with multibody systems modeled e.g., in Simulink to evaluate relevant variables such as forces at critical linkage joints of the construction machines. To model real-life application scenarios, the entire workflow must be considered, from the soil parametrization process, to setting the particulate soil model and performing numerical simulations for the specific problem, to the final post-processing to analyze the load data. We will characterize and discuss the different steps of the workflow and present simulation results obtained with the toolbox Demify® for Heavy Machinery.
Abstract
Modeling of soil-tool interaction for industrial applications involves the coupling of soil models, mostly based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM), with multibody systems, [...]
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Continuum Granular Flow Modeling and Beyond: Exploiting Meshless Methods
K. Kamrin

particles2023.
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Particle-based fiber models of woven materials for earth entry thermal protection
A. Santos, L. Abbot, J. Haskins

particles2023.

Abstract
Applications requiring materials with layer-to-layer strength, from basketry to thermal protection systems, use interlaced, three-dimensional woven materials. NASA is developing and deploying woven material heat shields for missions, including Artemis I (3D-MAT for compression pads) and potentially Mars Sample Return - Earth Entry System. These materials are complex, hierarchical and must protect from extreme environments and phenomena, such as deformation, impact and high-enthalpy heating. Woven material performance depends on microstructure, damage and weave geometry. Therefore, fiber-specific models are needed to simulate fiber contacts within the weave hierarchical geometry (fiber to tow to yarn to weave) and the inherent directionality of fibers. Explicit fiber models can simulate how weave microstructure evolution affects thermal and mechanical properties. We parameterize a discrete element bonded particle models (DEM-BPM) of fibers to capture thermal and mechanical behavior within and between fibers, with bonded and contact forces, respectively. We study the proportion of heat transfer and stress via the contact network, fiber bonds and the weave geometry, for example, with respect to yarn warp-weft identity (whether it interlaces weave layers). Our results demonstrate the importance of explicit fiber modeling for connecting microstructure with thermal and mechanical properties.
Abstract
Applications requiring materials with layer-to-layer strength, from basketry to thermal protection systems, use interlaced, three-dimensional woven materials. NASA is developing [...]
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Blockchain in health sciences: Research trends in Scopus
C. Araujo-Inastrilla, A. Vitón-Castillo

The Iberoamerican Journal of Science Measurement and Communication (2023). The Iberoamerican Journal of Science Measurement and Communication

Abstract
Objective. The scientific production indexed in Scopus on Blockchain in health sciences was characterized from 2012 to 2021. Design/Methodology/Approach. A bibliometric study of the scientific production related to Blockchain technology in health sciences was carried out andindexed in Scopus from 2012 to 2021. Bibliometric indicators of productivity, impact, and collaboration were used. The SciVal, VOSviewer, and Microsoft Excel tools were used to process and present the information. Results/Discussion. Between 2012 and 2021, 1,543 articles were published on the subject studied, with an average of 14.9 citations per publication. Scientific production increased until 2021, as did the number of authors. International collaboration fluctuated. The most frequent terms related to Blockchain were the Internet of things, smart contracts, and cryptography. India, China, and the United States led the collaborations, and authors of Asian origin predominated. Conclusions. The scientific production of Blockchain in health has grown due to its transformative potential in health systems, with an interest in the security and traceability of medical data.
Abstract
Objective. The scientific production indexed in Scopus on Blockchain in health sciences was characterized from 2012 to 2021. Design/Methodology/Approach. A bibliometric study [...]
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EVENTOS ADVERSOS DE MEDICAMENTOS EN COLOMBIA, CUALES SON LAS CAUSAS Y POSIBLES SOLUCIONES
J. Giraldo

Juan Nicolás Giraldo's personal collection (2023). 1

Abstract
This article presents a consolidated quarterly analysis of adverse events associated with medications in Colombia, compiled through the online platform designed for reporting these incidents. The primary focus of the report centers on segmentation by departments, providing a detailed overview of the incidence of adverse events in different regions of the country. The study reveals significant patterns in the geographical distribution of adverse events, highlighting substantial variations between departments. Variables such as gender, quantity of events, possible causes, and specific factors are identified, showing a higher prevalence of adverse events in certain areas, providing valuable information for decision-making in public health and the implementation of preventive strategies. Furthermore, the report emphasizes the importance of strengthening the notification and monitoring of adverse events at the local level, underscoring the need for greater awareness and engagement from healthcare professionals in different regions. Recommendations are proposed to enhance the quality of reports and encourage closer collaboration between departments, with the goal of improving patient safety and optimizing the management of adverse events associated with medications in the Colombian context.
Abstract
This article presents a consolidated quarterly analysis of adverse events associated with medications in Colombia, compiled through the online platform designed for reporting [...]
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GPUs Based Material Point Method for Compressible Flows
P. Baioni, T. Benacchio, L. Capone, C. de Falco

particles2023.

Abstract
Particle-In-Cell (PIC) methods such as the Material Point Method (MPM) can be cast in formulations suitable to the requirements of data locality and fine-grained parallelism of modern hardware accelerators such as Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). While continuum mechanics simulations have already shown the capabilities of MPM on a wide range of phenomena, the use of the method in compressible gas dynamics is less frequent. This contribution aims to show the potential of a GPU-based MPM parallel implementation for compressible fluid dynamics, as well as to assess the reliability of this approach in reproducing supersonic gas flows against solid obstacles. The results in the paper represent a stepping stone towards a highly parallel, Multi-GPU, MPM-base solver for M ach > 1 Fluid-Structure Interaction problems.
Abstract
Particle-In-Cell (PIC) methods such as the Material Point Method (MPM) can be cast in formulations suitable to the requirements of data locality and fine-grained parallelism [...]
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Computational Error Estimation for the Material Point Method in 1D and 2D
M. Berzins

particles2023.

Abstract
The Material Point Method (MPM) is widely used for challenging applications in engineering, and animation but lags behind some other methods in terms of error analysis and computable error estimates. The complexity and nonlinearity of the equations solved by the method and its reliance both on a mesh and on moving particles makes error estimation challenging. Some preliminary error analysis of a simple MPM method has shown the global error to be first order in space and time for a widely-used variant of the Material Point Method. The overall time dependent nature of MPM also complicates matters as both space and time errors and their evolution must be considered thus leading to the use of explicit error transport equations. The preliminary use of an error estimator based on this transport approach has yielded promising results in the 1D case. One other source of error in MPM is the grid-crossing error that can be problematic for large deformations leading to large errors that are identified by the error estimator used. The extension of the error estimation approach to two space higher dimensions is considered and together with additional algorithmic and theoretical results, shown to give promising results in preliminary computational experiments.
Abstract
The Material Point Method (MPM) is widely used for challenging applications in engineering, and animation but lags behind some other methods in terms of error analysis and [...]
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Determining Coke Moisture Content Through Images Analysis Methods and Machine Learning Models
M. Li

particles2023.

Abstract
Coke moisture content plays a crucial role as a quality indicator in ironmaking. Fast and accurate measurement of coke moisture content can effectively ensure operational stability, thereby guaranteeing the quality of pig iron. Coke with different moisture levels exhibits variations in light reflection, refraction, and powder adhesion characteristics. Drawing from this premise, we employed an image analysis approach to analyse the colour and texture features of coke images with varying moisture content. The results indicated that certain specific image features are highly sensitive to changes in coke moisture content. This study also conducted testing and comparison of performances of three common machine learning models in predicting coke moisture content based on image analysis. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) predictive model for coke moisture content based on image analysis showed optimal performance. This demonstrated a close connection between coke image features and moisture content.
Abstract
Coke moisture content plays a crucial role as a quality indicator in ironmaking. Fast and accurate measurement of coke moisture content can effectively ensure operational [...]
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Simulating industrial scenarios: with the open-source software MercuryDPM
A. Thornton, Q. Nguyen, H. Polman, M. Post, J. Bisschop, R. Weinhart-Mejia, D. Fitzsimmons, M. Vesal, T. Plath, I. Ostanin, T. Weinhart

particles2023.

Abstract
Creating predictive computer simulations, i.e. virtual prototypes, of complex granular industrial processes has many challenges. In this paper we review recent advances in creating such virtual prototypes. We introduce the open-source code MercuryDPM [1], which is often applied to complex industrial applications via the spin-off company MercuryLab. We briefly discuss how to import complex industrial geometries and how to deal with large numbers of particles and wide size-distributions. Then we focus on how to create a computer representation of an actual granular material, the so-called model calibration. For calibration, we start by reviewing what parameters need to be measured and what experimental characterisation machines are available. We present an industrially practical calibration method, where certain parameters are directly measured and others are indirectly calibrated, using a variety of machine-learning techniques, implemented in the open-source codes GrainLearning [2], TensorFlow [3] and scikit-learn [4]. With GrainLearning, one can find local optima in only two to three iterations, even for complex contact models with many microscopic parameters. On the other hand, TensorFlow and scikit-learn use two popular supervised learning algorithms, Neural Network (NN) and Random Forest (RF) regression, respectivly. After a training period consisting of hundreds of particle simulations, NN and RF are capable of providing a mapping between the micro-parameters and the bulk behaviour, which can be used to find the optimal micro-parameters that correspond to the experimentally observed behaviour.
Abstract
Creating predictive computer simulations, i.e. virtual prototypes, of complex granular industrial processes has many challenges. In this paper we review recent advances in [...]
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Advancing Dynamic Process Modeling of Comminution and Classification Circuits: A Paradigm Shift with GPU-Enabled DEM Solver
J. Quist, E. Edelvik

particles2023.

Abstract
The minerals processing and aggregate industry have relied on steady-state population and mass balance simulators for decades. However, accurately modeling new processes remains a critical challenge that hinders innovation and decision-making in the industry. In recent years, time-dynamic simulators have been developed, which offer more accurate predictions of process variability and performance, as well as the ability to introduce regulators and control algorithms. Yet, these still require simplified process models of each unit in the system. The development of high-performance discrete element method (DEM) solvers with advanced particle physics models presents a new opportunity to model complete comminution and classification processes. In this paper, we discuss the potential, challenges, and current limitations of using DEM for advanced dynamic process and equipment evaluation, exemplified by a coarse comminution crushing and screening case. We demonstrate the methodology using a GPU polyhedral DEM implementation with a boundary-volume hierarchy (BVH) collision search algorithm. The results show that the scale of a full-scale two-stage crushing process is possible to simulate. The transition from algebraic process models to DEM would make a significant advancement, bridging the current gap between overly simplified generalized process models and specific equipment design. This approach offers exciting opportunities for the mineral processing and aggregate industry to develop more innovative and efficient circuits.
Abstract
The minerals processing and aggregate industry have relied on steady-state population and mass balance simulators for decades. However, accurately modeling new processes remains [...]
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Physical Process-Based Entrainment Behaviour Modelling of Diluted Debris Flow Using SPH Incorporated with HBP-DP Approach
Y. Ma, M. Asai, G. Chen, Z. Han

particles2023.

Abstract
Debris flows overriding steep valleys can cause a significant decrease in bed friction resistance due to undrained excess pore water pressure, leading to an exponential increase in both destructiveness and volume. This study develops a two-phase numerical model based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics to simulate the progressive entrainment behavior of debris flow accurately. The fluid and bed-sediment materials are modeled using the non-Newtonian Bingham-type Herschel-Bulkley-Papanastasiou (HBP) constitutive model. The mass erosion behavior of debris flow is achieved and augmented by incorporating the Drucker-Prager (DP) softening model, which accounts for variations in the pore water pressure ratio across different saturation states. A straightforward phase-change approach is implemented according to the mutation of effective viscosity to prevent any minute displacements of viscoplastic materials when subjected to steep inclinations. The multi-phase model has been compared with the large scale flume experiments conducted by the United States Geological Survey. The 3-D numerical results obtained from the rigid bed, dry and wet erodible bed exhibit a good agreement with the experimental data, encompassing flow momentum feedback and erosion patterns. This paper initially attempts to simulate the entrainment of multiple phases in a steep valley by incorporating viscoplastic flow.
Abstract
Debris flows overriding steep valleys can cause a significant decrease in bed friction resistance due to undrained excess pore water pressure, leading to an exponential increase [...]
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Bottom Boundary-Fitted Free Surface Flow Simulation with Coordinate Transformation Using SPH(2)
S. Fujioka, N. Mitsune, K. Tsuji, M. Asai

particles2023.

Abstract
Particle methods such as the SPH and MPS methods have problems because it is difficult to treat curved bottom surfaces such as seabed surfaces accurately. In this study, regarding this problem, the curved bottom surfaces’ treatments have been improved using a coordinate transformation using the high-order second derivative model called SPH(2). Although the theory for the coordinate transformation was established in the MPS method, its accuracy did not give the desired accuracy because of the numerical errors of the second derivative models. Therefore, the numerical errors in these coordinate transformations were overcome by applying the second derivative model of SPH(2) to the coordinate transformation formulas. The superiority and validity of the proposed coordinate transformation using SPH(2) are demonstrated through validation examples such as the hydrostatic pressure and dam-break problems.
Abstract
Particle methods such as the SPH and MPS methods have problems because it is difficult to treat curved bottom surfaces such as seabed surfaces accurately. In this study, regarding [...]
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Partitioned Coupling Approaches for the Simulation of Natural Hazards Impacting Protective Structures
V. Singer, K. Sautter, A. Larese, R. Wüchner, K. Bletzinger

particles2023.

Abstract
In recent years, the intensity and frequency of natural hazards such as landslides, debris flow and avalanches have increased significantly due to climate change and global warming. These catastrophic events are responsible for numerous destructions of infrastructures with high economic losses and, even worse, often claim human lives. Therefore, in addition to the prediction, the design and installation of protective structures are of tremendous importance. Due to its hybrid approach of an Eulerian background grid in combination with Lagrangian moving material points, the Material Point Method (MPM) is particularly suited to capture the flow process of those mass movement hazards. For the numerical simulation of protective structures, however, other numerical methods are often preferable. Considering highly flexible structures, which are often utilized due to their high energy absorption capacity classical Finite Element Method (FEM) is best suited to model cable, beam, and membrane elements, while a retaining wall consisting of a few discrete blocks may be preferable modeled by Discrete Element Method (DEM). Therefore, we are proposing partitioned coupling approaches to combine the advantages of different numerical methods so that the protective structures can be appropriately designed to withstand the impact of those mass movement hazards.
Abstract
In recent years, the intensity and frequency of natural hazards such as landslides, debris flow and avalanches have increased significantly due to climate change and global [...]
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Comparison of continuum (PFEM) and discrete (DEM) approaches for large insertion BVPs in soft rocks
M. Ciantia, J. Zheng, M. Previtali, J. Knappett

particles2023.

Abstract
In recent years, significant advancements in computational efficiency have enabled the application of advanced numerical models to solve boundary value problems (BVPs) in geotechnics, including those related to large-displacement problems. However, challenging problems, such as those involving open-ended piles (OEs) in soft rocks, require specialized approaches due to material and geometrical non linearities combined to the large deformation soil-structure interaction. This paper presents a comparison of two approaches for modeling OE pile installation in soft rocks. The first approach employs the Discrete Element Method (DEM), which represents the rock as separate particles bonded together, and introduces a new contact model for highly porous rocks. The second approach uses the Geotechnical Particle Finite Element Method (GPFEM) and investigates the coupled hydromechanical effects during pile installation using a robust and mesh-independent implementation of an elastic-plastic constitutive model at large strains. The DEM approach explores the micromechanical features of pile plugging and unveils the mechanisms behind radial stress distributions inside and outside the plug. The study highlights the strengths and limitations of each modeling approach, providing insights into the behavior of OE piles in soft rocks.
Abstract
In recent years, significant advancements in computational efficiency have enabled the application of advanced numerical models to solve boundary value problems (BVPs) in [...]
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Numerical Simulation of a Laboratory-Scale Free Fall Cone Penetrometer Test in Marine Clay with the Material Point Method
D. Mohapatra, M. SARESMA, J. Virtalaso, W. Solowski

particles2023.

Abstract
This paper shows a numerical replication of a laboratory-scale free fall cone penetrometer test of marine clay. The numerical simulation involves large deformations and considers the destructuration of clay, strain rate effects, and non-linear material behaviour. The numerical simulation well replicates the laboratory experiment captured on a high-speed camera. The penetration process is replicated accurately in time, and the depth of the penetration corresponds to that obtained in an experiment. The simulation results indicate that the numerical framework implemented in Uintah software, consisting of an advanced soil model and the Generalized Interpolation Material Point Method, is well-suited for replication of the dynamic penetration process in soft and sensitive marine clay.
Abstract
This paper shows a numerical replication of a laboratory-scale free fall cone penetrometer test of marine clay. The numerical simulation involves large deformations and considers [...]
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Particle Morphological Effects on the Behaviour of Dry Granular Flow Against Rigid Obstacles
D. Bhattacharya

particles2023.

Abstract
Geohazards such as rockfall, catastrophic landslides, and debris flow pose a significant risk due to the rapid movement of the vast amount of granular material carrying tremendous destructive potential and energy. Experimental and numerical studies on channelized flumes have been prevalent in analyzing the kinematics and dynamics of the flow and their interaction with various mitigation measures along the projected flow path. Continuum, discontinuum, and hybrid numerical methods have been successfully employed in the past to comprehend the complex material behaviour of granular mass flows. Although the numerical schemes within a continuum setting offer some insights into critical factors like flow velocity, flow depth, runout distance, etc., the granular interaction within the particle ensemble and the impact force on the barrier system for a better estimate of the force-transmission paths cannot be accounted for. The present study employs the Discrete Element Method to investigate the underlying physics of the micromechanical interaction of the granular assembly with the rigid barrier. Although past studies have explored granular flow-like events within a discrete setting, such studies did not incorporate particle morphology. This paper explores the effect of particle shape on kinematics and impact dynamics against a rigid obstacle. First, the numerical results have been benchmarked against the experimental studies for conventional spherical particles, and then we explore the effect of particle morphology. The present findings indicate that the particle shape significantly influences the flow kinematics and leads to a reduction in impact force on the barrier due to the higher angularity of particles with different morphological features than spherical particles, generally considered in the existing literature. A more significant implication of this study is to better understand and design mitigation measures against geohazards.
Abstract
Geohazards such as rockfall, catastrophic landslides, and debris flow pose a significant risk due to the rapid movement of the vast amount of granular material carrying tremendous [...]
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Examination of the Influence of Particle Parameters on Contact Heat Transfer on a Single Hearth Furnace Floor Using DEM
N. Hilse, S. Scherer

particles2023.

Abstract
In the present paper, contact heat transfer on a batch-operated single circular floor of a multiple hearth furnace is numerically examined using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The particles are agitated on the floor by a single rabble arm equipped with mixing blades. Two different rabble arm configurations are studied, a rabble arm with three blades covering just the area from the centre of the floor to the wall enclosing the circular floor, and a rabble arm with six blades, which covers the whole diameter of the floor. The floor temperature is set to 100°C, and the initial particle temperature is 20°C. Spherical particles made of aluminium and polyoxymethylene (POM) with two particle diameters (10 and 20 mm) are examined. Blade angle inclination is varied, namely, 0°, 45° and 90°. The major results are that for POM spheres the major mechanism dominating contact heat transfer is the gas layer in the vicinity of the contact point particle-floor, whereas for aluminium the heat transfer through the direct contact point of floor and particle is of equal importance as the heat transfer through the gas layer. For the first configuration with three blades, a larger blade angle leads to lower heat up rates, while the second configuration with six blades, increases the heating rate for larger blade angles.
Abstract
In the present paper, contact heat transfer on a batch-operated single circular floor of a multiple hearth furnace is numerically examined using the Discrete Element Method [...]
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Non-Fourier heat conduction with phase change using Hyperbolic Lattice Boltzmann Method by modifying the Equilibrium distribution function
S. Srivastava, M. Mariappan

particles2023.
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Skin Layer Formation in Plate Model for Coupled Analysis of Injection Molding Process of Bonded Magnets
Y. Uematsu, K. Hirata, F. Miyasaka, T. Kitamura, T. Kikugawa

particles2023.

Abstract
The bonded magnet, which is formed by mixing magnet materials such as neodymium-based and ferrite-based materials with resin, has the characteristic of being able to be formed into small and complex shapes due to the resin being the binding material. It is used in small motors embedded in hard disk drives and motors for home appliances. The major methods for forming bonded magnets are compression molding and injection molding. In this study, injection molding is selected, which can easily apply to complex shape compared to compression molding. However, injection molding has the disadvantage of variability in density and magnetic properties of the molded products. This is due to the difficulty in observing the material flow, as the molding process progresses inside the mold and multiple processes occur simultaneously such as injection, compression, magnetization, and curing. Therefore, determining the optimal molding parameters for injection molding of bonded magnets requires numerous experimental trials. Based on the above, it is believed that predicting the behavior of resin inside the mold during the molding process using numerical simulation can provide guidelines for determining the optimal molding parameters. The authors have previously proposed a coupled analysis method of "fluid analysis and temperature analysis using MPS (Moving Particle Simulation) method, and magnetic field analysis using magnetic moment method." The objective of this study is to assess the solidification process of resin on the mold surface, utilizing a rectangular-shaped mold model.
Abstract
The bonded magnet, which is formed by mixing magnet materials such as neodymium-based and ferrite-based materials with resin, has the characteristic of being able to be formed [...]
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Numerical Investigation of Pressuremeter Test with Material Point Method
H. Kurugodu, D. Bhattacharya, P. Vangla, D. Frost

particles2023.

Abstract
In situ tests for geotechnical investigations can provide a reliable prediction of the soil behaviour because they accurately represent the stress state while preserving the soil structure and the inherent material fabric. These tests complement the information obtained from laboratory element tests on undisturbed or reconstituted specimens. The pressuremeter test is one such example of an in-situ tool that is used to obtain soil properties based on measured pressure-volume data. The pressuremeter test is considered a large deformation problem within a numerical framework. Furthermore, it is commonly idealized as a cylindrical cavity expansion within the realms of conventional finite element schemes. In order to address the issue related to excessive mesh distortion aspects, the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach developed within a continuum framework, namely the Material Point Method (MPM), has been adopted in the present study to investigate the pressuremeter expansion process. First, the results obtained are benchmarked against those from classical cavity expansion problems for a pressure-dependent frictional material. The computed results are in good agreement with both the closed-form solutions and displacement-controlled experiments reported in the literature. A parametric study was performed to further investigate the influence of the loading rate, material properties, and heterogeneities on the pressuremeter test simulations.
Abstract
In situ tests for geotechnical investigations can provide a reliable prediction of the soil behaviour because they accurately represent the stress state while preserving the [...]
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Importance of Periodic Boundaries or Frictionless Walls in Simulating Elementary Response of Angular Particles
U. Ali, M. Kikumoto, M. Ciantia, M. Prevatali, Y. Cui

particles2023.

Abstract
In the discrete element method (DEM), the granular response is affected by the selection of boundary conditions, thereby emphasizing the importance of their careful consideration [1]. Replicating the boundary conditions employed in experiments is crucial to have a quantitative agreement between the response observed in the simulation and laboratory test [2]. In this study, a calibrated and validated DEM model was utilized to perform a series of simulations featuring regular polygons with varying numbers of corners subjected to different boundary conditions. The aim was to examine the combined effect of particle shape and boundary conditions on the mechanical response of granular assemblies. Simulations were performed under three boundary conditions: rigid frictional walls (in which the friction between the particle-wall interface is equal to that between the particle-particle interface), rigid frictionless walls, and periodic boundary conditions (PBC). Interestingly, it was observed that qualitatively, the effect of particle shape on granular response was invariant, irrespective of boundary conditions employed. However, quantitatively, the shear strength of all shapes was significantly affected by boundary settings, with the maximum and minimum strengths exhibited under rigid frictional walls and periodic boundaries, respectively. The magnitude of the decrease in shear strength due to boundary conditions was contingent upon the particle shape, with angular assemblies demonstrating a significant change in strength relative to round assemblies. Angular particles in contact with rigid wall frictional boundaries exhibited lesser rotations, thereby inducing relatively significant shear forces on the walls, particularly those parallel to the shearing direction. On the other hand, round particles in contact with walls rotated to a greater extent, resulting in little or negligible shear forces with the walls. Furthermore, boundary conditions also affected deformation patterns, including the development of shear bands.
Abstract
In the discrete element method (DEM), the granular response is affected by the selection of boundary conditions, thereby emphasizing the importance of their careful consideration [...]
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Failure of Cohesive Granular Columns: Friction and Contact Adhesion
L. Staron, L. Duchemein, P. Lagree

particles2023.

Abstract
This contribution focuses on the influence of the existence of a debonding length onto the behaviour of a cohesive granular sample. We apply a contact dynamics algorithm to study the effect of both contact adhesion strength and debonding length on the failure of a cohesive step, analysing a set of independent simulations. Contact adhesion strength coincides with stronger pile stability and larger apparent friction in the absence of any debonding length. We show that the existence of a larger debonding length amplifies this phenomenology. At large adhesion strength, we observe the existence of a sharp modification of the behaviour of the system even in the case of a very small debounding length, compared to the case of the absence of the latter. We compare the performance of the algorithm in the different cases, and show how increasing the debonding length leads to a better precision of the hard-core.
Abstract
This contribution focuses on the influence of the existence of a debonding length onto the behaviour of a cohesive granular sample. We apply a contact dynamics algorithm to [...]
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One Discrete Element vs. Two Finite Elements and the Arbelos of Archimedes
D. Reischl

particles2023.

Abstract
In this article, a visual proof is given that for a certain simple, yet analytically challenging mechanical system a unique solution exists, which can be found by simple fixed-point iteration as easily to be performed by the reader. As turns out, this system is mostly intractable by means of the finite element method, yet being easily manageable by means of the distinct/discrete element method. Thus, this article gives evidence to the assumption that systems exist which may yield almost arbitrarily wrong results when treated with the finite element method, while giving arbitrarily accurate results when handled by means of the discrete element or similar method.
Abstract
In this article, a visual proof is given that for a certain simple, yet analytically challenging mechanical system a unique solution exists, which can be found by simple fixed-point [...]
- 1
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Comparative Analysis of Softening Contact laws in Particle Models: Application to Rock and Concrete
M. Braga-Farinha, N. Monteiro-Azevedo, S. Oliveira

particles2023.

Abstract
In this work three constitutive contact models that include softening are adopted for particle model fracture studies in both rock and concrete. For a single local contact, the constitutive contact model performance is initially compared in tensile, pure shear and shear tests under constant axial. Additionally, compression, direct tensile, and confined triaxial tests of quasi-britlle material discretized with spherical particles are presented and the predicted macroscopic response is compared. For a single local contact, the three contact models predict a similar behaviour. As shown, it is possible to calibrate each contact model to reproduce complex macroscopic behaviour observed in rock and concrete, but each contact model requires different contact properties or particle generation procedures
Abstract
In this work three constitutive contact models that include softening are adopted for particle model fracture studies in both rock and concrete. For a single local contact, [...]
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Discrete numerical modelling of capsule-asphalt mixture system for self-healing purposes
G. Câmara, N. Monteiro-Azevedo, R. Micaelo

particles2023.

Abstract
Asphalt mixture faces damage due to vehicle speed, repeated loads, and ultraviolet radiation over time, regardless of being a self-healing material. Induced healing mechanisms are necessary to promote autonomous pavement recovery due to adverse in-service conditions, and the capsule-asphalt mixture system incorporating low-viscosity oils (rejuvenators) has shown to be a possible solution in laboratory tests. This study aims to numerically investigate the effect of rejuvenator-modified mastic (activated capsules) on the stiffness properties of asphalt mixtures within the discrete element method. A three-dimensional model previously validated for rejuvenator-modified mastics with different rejuvenator-to-bitumen ratios (0, 2.5, and 10 wt%) is adopted. A generalised Kelvin contact model represents the time-dependent contacts, and its contact parameters define the rejuvenator amount in the mastic phase. The analysis assesses the impact of the modified mastic amount and the rejuvenator-to-bitumen ratio. Results show that the increasing modified mastic content progressively reduces the mixture dynamic modulus. When the total mastic phase has rejuvenator-modified properties, the mixture stiffness modulus significantly reduces, and the phase angle performs differently from the expected (decrease with frequency) at a 10% rejuvenator-to-bitumen ratio due to the excessively softened state, possibly compromising the pavement mechanical performance. For a 0.30 wt% modified mastic ratio case adopting a local effect, the embedded elements do not significantly influence the mixture rheological properties, especially the stiffness modulus, which may be insufficient for self-healing purposes. Nevertheless, the negligible impact on the phase angle highlights the potential of the rejuvenator-modified asphalt mixture across different traffic and temperature condition
Abstract
Asphalt mixture faces damage due to vehicle speed, repeated loads, and ultraviolet radiation over time, regardless of being a self-healing material. Induced healing mechanisms [...]
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SPH modeling of advanced materials in hypervelocity impact simulations
A. Cherniaev, A. Gudisey

particles2023.

Abstract
Spacecraft must be analyzed for their ability to survive hypervelocity impacts (HVI) by orbital debris, as collision of a space vehicle with even a millimeter-sized object traveling at a typical orbital speed (7 km/s and higher) can be detrimental for both the spacecraft and the orbital environment. Due to the high cost of the physical HVI experiments, numerical modeling plays a significant role in conducting such analyses. In particular, the smoothed particles hydrodynamics technique (SPH) was previously found applicable for simulating scenarios involving extreme deformations and fragmentation, including hypervelocity impact. With the extensive use of advanced lightweight materials in space structures, it is important to find a rational way of representing them using the SPH framework. This study reports the results of SPH modeling of two distinct types of lightweight materials often employed in space structures: open-cell foams and fiber-reinforced composites. For foams, explicit representation of their complex mesoscopic architecture was achieved by filling the STL exteriors (generated using X-ray computed tomography) with SPH particles. For laminated composites, ply-wise representation was obtained using finite elements that could locally and adaptively transform to SPH particles when the elements become highly distorted and inefficient. Results of HVI simulations involving foams and composites were compared with available experimental data. The advantages and limitations of the modeling techniques are discussed. Spacecraft must be analyzed for their ability to survive hypervelocity impacts (HVI) by orbital debris, as collision of a space vehicle with even a millimeter-sized object traveling at a typical orbital speed (7 km/s and higher) can be detrimental for both the spacecraft and the orbital environment. Due to the high cost of the physical HVI experiments, numerical modeling plays a significant role in conducting such analyses. In particular, the smoothed particles hydrodynamics technique (SPH) was previously found applicable for simulating scenarios involving extreme deformations and fragmentation, including hypervelocity impact. With the extensive use of advanced lightweight materials in space structures, it is important to find a rational way of representing them using the SPH framework. This study reports the results of SPH modeling of two distinct types of lightweight materials often employed in space structures: open-cell foams and fiber-reinforced composites. For foams, explicit representation of their complex mesoscopic architecture was achieved by filling the STL exteriors (generated using X-ray computed tomography) with SPH particles. For laminated composites, ply-wise representation was obtained using finite elements that could locally and adaptively transform to SPH particles when the elements become highly distorted and inefficient. Results of HVI simulations involving foams and composites were compared with available experimental data. The advantages and limitations of the modeling techniques are discussed. Spacecraft must be analyzed for their ability to survive hypervelocity impacts (HVI) by orbital debris, as collision of a space vehicle with even a millimeter-sized object traveling at a typical orbital speed (7 km/s and higher) can be detrimental for both the spacecraft and the orbital environment. Due to the high cost of the physical HVI experiments, numerical modeling plays a significant role in conducting such analyses. In particular, the smoothed particles hydrodynamics technique (SPH) was previously found applicable for simulating scenarios involving extreme deformations and fragmentation, including hypervelocity impact. With the extensive use of advanced lightweight materials in space structures, it is important to find a rational way of representing them using the SPH framework. This study reports the results of SPH modeling of two distinct types of lightweight materials often employed in space structures: open-cell foams and fiber-reinforced composites. For foams, explicit representation of their complex mesoscopic architecture was achieved by filling the STL exteriors (generated using X-ray computed tomography) with SPH particles. For laminated composites, ply-wise representation was obtained using finite elements that could locally and adaptively transform to SPH particles when the elements become highly distorted and inefficient. Results of HVI simulations involving foams and composites were compared with available experimental data. The advantages and limitations of the modeling techniques are discussed.
Abstract
Spacecraft must be analyzed for their ability to survive hypervelocity impacts (HVI) by orbital debris, as collision of a space vehicle with even a millimeter-sized object [...]
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Comparative Study of Methods to Generate C^2 Continuous Mesh-free Basis using the Moving Least Squares Method
G. Bridhani, . U.Saravanan

particles2023.

Abstract
This study investigates the ability of three different approaches for constructing smooth and continuous mesh-free basis functions, namely: (i) assuming one degree of freedom per node with the moving least squares method, (ii) assuming six degrees of freedom per node with moving least squares method, and (iii) assuming six degrees of freedom per node with Hermite-type moving least squares method. Further, it provides evidence that all three approaches can generate continuous mesh-free basis functions;however, the first and third approach results in a C^2 continuous mesh-free basis, where the function and its first and second-order derivatives are related. Finally, a comparative study is performed among the three approaches using fourth-order polynomial basis and fifth-order spline weight function.
Abstract
This study investigates the ability of three different approaches for constructing smooth and continuous mesh-free basis functions, namely: (i) assuming one degree of freedom [...]
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Advanced Structure Modelling Using the Bonded-Particle Method: Enabling Complex Capabilities for Structures in DEM Simulations
E. Fimbinger

particles2023.

Abstract
Bonded-particle modelling is a powerful approach for simulating particle made structures with enhanced abilities, i.e., structures that are able to deform, brake/fracture, and thus interact with other particles of a DEM simulation in an enhanced complex manner. This modelling approach is based on connecting particles with beam elements (commonly termed bondings, with each bonding connecting two particles) to create a bonded-particle model (BPM), typically consisting of a large number of particles and bondings. The behaviour of such a BPM can be adjusted in two categories: via properties related to the particles, e.g. their mass, shape, or frictional characteristics, and via properties related to the bondings, e.g. their Young’s moduli or breakage criteria. This contribution presents developments in complex bonded-particle modelling for achieving flexible/deformable and breakable/fracturable structures and highlights the enhanced capabilities made possible by using this approach. For this purpose, various applications for bonded-particle modelling in DEM simulations are presented, with selected case studies each demonstrating the effectiveness of bonded-particle modelling in solving practical engineering problems, including: - 1D BPMs, e.g., deformable beams or ropes and chains, - 2D BPMs, e.g., membranes, textiles, nets, bags, shell-like parts (e.g. silos), or conveyor belts (with particular reference to dynamic belt simulation), and - 3D BPMs, e.g., complex-breakable structures (e.g. with considering crack formation or dynamic impact handling; e.g. illustrated on filter cake material). Furthermore, possible interaction scenarios, including interactions of BPMs to particles, rigid parts, other BPMs, or even in terms of SPH (Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamic) or MBD (Multibody Dynamics), are addressed. Finally, current developments and potential future directions in this field are outlined, and potentials for extending this modelling approach to further application areas are discussed.
Abstract
Bonded-particle modelling is a powerful approach for simulating particle made structures with enhanced abilities, i.e., structures that are able to deform, brake/fracture, [...]
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Contact Detection Algorithm for Convex NURBS Particles
M. Craveiro, A. Gay-Nieto, P. Wriggers

particles2023.

Abstract
The present work proposes a contact detection algorithm for convex particles whose boundaries are mathematically defined by non-uniform B-splines (NURBS). This algorithm involves a hierarchy of contact searches, including both global and local steps. The focus is on the formulation of the local contact problem (LCP) using a master-to-master approach. It is based on computer graphics and optimization techniques. Besides the algorithm, the paper also discusses strategies for modeling particle geometry and their implications in contact detection. The use of multiple parameterizations (patches) assembled in space, for instance, provides more flexibility in the construction of particles and avoids numerical singularities. However, it leads to local geometric imperfections at the connection between patches. The LCP formulation proposed herein can deal with such imperfections through a contact degeneration technique. An example shows the robustness of the method.
Abstract
The present work proposes a contact detection algorithm for convex particles whose boundaries are mathematically defined by non-uniform B-splines (NURBS). This algorithm involves [...]
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Improving asphalt discrete numerical modelling with realistic particle shapes
R. Micaelo, N. Monteiro-Azevedo, G. Câmara

particles2023.

Abstract
Micromechanical modelling based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM) has been widely used to investigate asphalt behaviour due to its ability to represent an irregular microstructure with variable-sized aggregates, bitumen and voids. The 3D rigid particle models with randomly distributed spherical particles and adopting elastic and/or simple viscoelastic models at the contacts are the standard approach, however, in recent years, a significant research effort is noted to incorporate real particle morphologies in the numerical models. In this study, a previously developed 3D DEM model of asphalt employing a generalised Kelvin contact model formulation for the viscoelastic contacts is further improved with realistic particle shapes representing the coarse aggregates. A digital library of aggregate shapes was created from the X-ray computed tomography (CT) scan of an asphalt specimen, using an adaptive image-processing method to separate the aggregates in the CT images and the Delaunay triangulation method to define the aggregate 3D surface model. Several virtual aggregates with different sizes were selected from the library to represent the coarse aggregate gradation of the modelled 3D DEM asphalt specimen. Each virtual aggregate is discretized with smaller spherical particles and its deformability is taken into account through the inner particle contacts. The numerical asphalt specimens with realistic particle shapes were submitted to uniaxial tension-compression cyclic tests to determine the stiffness properties, and the results were compared with those of the numerical specimens with all constituents represented by single spherical rigid particles. As shown, the proposed methodology greatly enhances the 3D DEM model's ability to simulate the asphalt behaviour.
Abstract
Micromechanical modelling based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM) has been widely used to investigate asphalt behaviour due to its ability to represent an irregular microstructure [...]
- 1
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Investigation of Dynamic Characteristics of Rolling-Ball Dampers
K. Nagashima, M. Saeki

particles2023.

Abstract
Tuned mass dampers, consisting of a mass, spring, and damper, are widely used for vibration suppression in structures. Despite being small and lightweight, these dampers exhibit excellent damping effectiveness. However, there are issues such as performance degradation due to the aging of the spring and damper, as well as the need for frequent maintenance. Therefore, as an alternative vibration control device that does not rely on these components, a rolling-ball damper is proposed. This damper consists of a container with a lid and multiple enclosed particles on its curved surface. By utilizing the contact between particles and the friction between particles and the container, the rolling-ball damper can absorb and suppress the vibration energy imposed on the structure to which the container is attached. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of the rolling-ball damper in a horizontal vibration system. We experimentally verified the effects of the size and number of enclosed particles on damping performance. Furthermore, numerical simulations were conducted by the discrete element method using EDEM® software and the multibody dynamics simulation method using MotionSolve® software. A comparison between experimental and numerical simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of numerical calculations in predicting the amplitude response
Abstract
Tuned mass dampers, consisting of a mass, spring, and damper, are widely used for vibration suppression in structures. Despite being small and lightweight, these dampers exhibit [...]
- 1
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Experimental and Numerical Studies on the Efficiency of Damping upon Horizontal Stirring of Granular Materials
K. Ishizeki, M. Saeki

particles2023.

Abstract
In this study, the damping torque exerted on a horizontally rotating blade in granular materials under gravity was investigated. To capture the stirring behaviour of the granular materials in detail, a mechanical stirring apparatus was fabricated. The rotating blade was driven sinusoidally by a shaker through a ball screw mechanism. It was found that energy dissipation depends on various parameters such as particle material and particle size. Energy dissipation was also calculated using the EDEM® software based on the discrete element method. To verify the validity of the numerical simulation model, numerical simulation results were compared with experimental results.
Abstract
In this study, the damping torque exerted on a horizontally rotating blade in granular materials under gravity was investigated. To capture the stirring behaviour of the granular [...]
- 1
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Fast Point-To-Mesh Distance Computation Technique Based On Cell Linked List For Polygon-Wall Boundary In Moving Particle Semi-Implicit Method
M. Teixeira, L. Pereira, R. Amaro, L. Cheng

particles2023.

Abstract
The simulation of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems usually involves many degrees of freedom, and a considerable number of particles is generally required to model both fluid and solid domains. In relation to the modeling of solid walls by particles, the use of triangular meshes provides more efficient and smoother representation of complex-shaped solid surfaces as well as the straight coupling between particle and mesh-based methods, which is suitable for FSI applications. However, in the particle-based simulations with solid boundaries modeled by mesh, the computation of the particle-mesh distances is a critical time-consuming task, and a fast technique is of major importance. Taking advantage of the cell linked list structure widely adopted for fixed-radius neighborhood search algorithms in particle methods, we proposed a Fast Point-to-mesh Distance computation technique based on Cell linked list (FPDC). Alongside this new technique, a particle-polygon wall contact model was introduced to enable simulations of the collision between the surface of the moving bodies and fixed wall represented, respectively, by particles and mesh. The results show that the proposed technique provides a significant processing time speedup and can be used for practical large-scale problems.
Abstract
The simulation of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems usually involves many degrees of freedom, and a considerable number of particles is generally required to model [...]
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A coupled DEM-CFD model to study the physical behavior of loose armor revetments in maritime waterways
J. Sorgatz, M. Herbst, H. Konietzky, M. Pohl

particles2023.

Abstract
Revetments serve to protect a canal or river bank against erosion caused by natural and ship-induced waves and currents. A profound understanding of loads and resistances acting on revetments is indispensable for an economic and sustainable, but also safe revetment design. This paper presents a coupled CFD-DEM model (Computational Fluid Dynamics and Discrete Element Method) to study the physical behavior of loose armor stone revetments in maritime waterways. The waves and currents are modelled with a CFD add-on for the particle-based DEM software PFC3D. The DEM approach allows to simulate the shape, size and mass distribution and displacement of the individual armor stones realistically. DEM and CFD are coupled to capture the response of the armor stones to the hydraulic loads. In this paper, the model calibration and validation are presented using data derived from a full-scale flume experiment. The numerical model is compared to the flume tests where a slope is subjected to flow at different velocities. It can be shown that the implementation of revetment and hydraulic loads provides results that are consistent with the experimental data. Both flow velocities and armor stone displacements agree well between the physical and the numerical model. The herein presented study thus provides the basis for the application of the numerical model to more advanced stability analyses of revetments that are, e. g., subjected to wave and current attack.
Abstract
Revetments serve to protect a canal or river bank against erosion caused by natural and ship-induced waves and currents. A profound understanding of loads and resistances [...]
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Elastic Behaviour of Linear Structures Using Modal Superposition and Lagrangian Differencing Dynamics
M. Paneer, J. Basic, I. Lozina, D. Sedlar, C. Peng

particles2023.

Abstract
Elastic deformation and dynamics response of the linear structures due to fluid loads are studied to understand the Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI). A modal coupling solver is developed by solving dynamic equation of motion with external loads, using the mode superposition method with the help of relevant mode shapes and natural frequencies associated with the structure. Natural frequencies and mode shapes have been pre-calculated and provided as input for the simulation. Modal coupling is integrated into the Lagrangian Differencing Dynamics (LDD) method, utilizes finite differences within the framework of Lagrangian context, and strong and implicit formulation of Navier Stokes equations to model the incompressible free-surface fluid. Elastic deformation of the structure due to fluid force obtained from the flow solver is calculated in the modal coupling algorithm using direct numerical integration. Then the elastic deformation is imposed in the flow solver to account for change of the geometry and obtain new flow pressure and velocity fields. The two-way coupling of fluid and structure is successfully validated by simulating dam-break through an elastic gate. Since the LDD method works directly on surface meshes, the simulation is quickly setup and direct coupling of structural deformation eliminated the usual step of mapping of fluid results on the structural mesh and vice-versa
Abstract
Elastic deformation and dynamics response of the linear structures due to fluid loads are studied to understand the Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI). A modal coupling solver [...]
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A DEM-FEM Coupling Framework Applied to Railroad Infrastructure Simulations
A. Ullrich, J. Quist, C. Cromvik, K. Jarateg, A. Bilock

particles2023.

Abstract
Swedish and other European governments invest significant resources in railroad infrastructure, including maintenance and construction. The degradation of track ballast layers is one of the most critical maintenance issues. Hence, it is of significant interest for infrastructure owners to find novel solutions to mitigate the problem by improving design and maintenance operations. However, established tools for the simulation of railroad systems typically consider the ballast as a solid continuum structure, while in practice, the discrete nature of the particle assembly has to be accurately represented in the model. The sleepers and rails must be modelled as solid structures, which results in the complex coupled problem of combining particulate and structural analysis models. In this paper, the simulation of railroad infrastructure with the example of a transition zone is performed with an explicit surface coupling algorithm of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and the Finite Element Method (FEM). The ballast layer is represented by individual particles in DEM, where the computations are performed on the GPU. This study focuses on the comparison between a convex and a non-convex particle shape. The rail system with sleepers and the subground with varying stiffness is modelled with solid structures in FEM. Properties of the ballast bed, such as the particle shape, are found to have a significant impact on the stiffness within the bed and the deflection of the sleepers and rails. Furthermore, the sudden transition from low to high stiffness causes a peak in tensile stress in the subground. The results show that accurate particle shape representation and high computational performance are critical aspects of achieving predictions on a relevant scale. Studying the ballast layer as a particulate system provides a new perspective on dynamics in tracked ballast structures.
Abstract
Swedish and other European governments invest significant resources in railroad infrastructure, including maintenance and construction. The degradation of track ballast layers [...]
- 0
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Computational Modeling of Cold Spray Process Using Particle-based Methods
J. Qi, R. Raoelisin, J. Li, M. Rachik

particles2023.

Abstract
Cold gas dynamic spraying (CGDS), as a high strain rate shearing and innovative solid-state technique enables to rapidly develop additive manufacturing and coating for metal deposition. This paper investigates the development and evolution of various interfacial bonding characteristics during high strain rate shearing process through Multiphysics numerical simulations of single particle impact. Two different particle-based modeling strategies such as smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), molecular dynamics (MD) are investigated using commercial software ABAQUS/Explicit and LAMMPS, respectively. To separate the difficulties related to complex metallurgy of alloys, our first investigations focus on pure aluminum. The Johnson-Cook (J-C) constitutive model is used to describe the high strain rate self-consolidation process in SPH modeling. Embedded Atom Method (EAM) is used to describe the interactions between Aluminum atoms in MD modeling. The predictions from the different particle-based models are compared with each other and with experimental results. Through the investigations, SPH numerical approach has strong advantage in capturing the phenomena that occur during the cold spray process. It is able to describe the complex features of particle and substrate, especially in the interface vicinity. At the same time, MD numerical approach gives the fundamental understanding of the deposition behavior at the atomistic level. The key finding is the strong relationship between the un-uniform distribution of shear strain and jet formation during high-speed collision. Plastic strain along with an increase of temperature lead to thermal softening of pure Aluminum resulting in metallurgical bonding at the interface.
Abstract
Cold gas dynamic spraying (CGDS), as a high strain rate shearing and innovative solid-state technique enables to rapidly develop additive manufacturing and coating for metal [...]
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Particle-based Flow Simulation of Molten Aluminum Alloy Through Casting Filters
T. Deguchi, K. Taki, Y. Maeda

particles2023.

Abstract
Casting defects can be predicted in advance of practice and countermeasures can be taken to improve casting quality and increase productivity. Applying the casting filters is a method of improvement methods for defects caused by unsuitable molten metal flow. Casting filters have the effect of removing inclusions in molten metal and rectifying the flow. However, specific conditions such as the type, pore size, and setting position of the casting filter are not clear. Casting filter conditions are determined by conventional empirical rules that are not theoretical. In the other view, the use of casting CAE is essential to realize front-loading for the process design process, in which casting defects are predicted in advance of practice and countermeasures are taken. In the previous study, K. Taki et al. performed direct observation of mold filling and flow simulations passing through the casting filter. The particle-based COMINA CAE software was used for the flow simulation of molten metal in complex interior geometries in the filter. The calculations used a model of the filter that was reproduced on an X-ray CT system. To inspect the filter performance it was necessary to make a small and simplified filter model, which is called the 1/4 model of filter. In the present study, the flow dynamics through the filter are investigated using various 1/4 models. The 1/4 model maintains permeability on the surface and porosity of volume while halving the dimensions. As a result, we succeed in reproducing the flow behaviour of molten metal when it passed through the filter by setting the particle size of molten metal to 1/16 of the filter’s pore diameter. Further, we try to evaluate the performance of the filter by extending the calculation target from only the area around the filter to the entire mold. If mold filling behavior for the mold with filter could be simulated, it wouldbe used effectively in casting geometry design and defect countermeasure.
Abstract
Casting defects can be predicted in advance of practice and countermeasures can be taken to improve casting quality and increase productivity. Applying the casting filters [...]
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Examination of Variable Tilting Speed on Flow Behaviour during Ladle Pouring in Die Casting using SPH Simulation
F. Itakura, T. Yamada, Y. Maeda, A. Hasuno, Y. Mochida

particles2023.

Abstract
Disturbance of the molten metal flow during ladle pouring before the plunger advancing in the aluminium alloy die casting process can cause entrapment defects of air and oxide film. Slow pouring to control the turbulence of the flow front reduces productivity due to increased cycle time. Further, the risk of cold flake formation increases caused by large temperature drops in accordance with the long cycle time. On the other hand, rapid pouring is desired to improve productivity, but the risk of air entrapment increases. Therefore, quick and quiet pouring is desired in the ladle pouring process. In the present study, we focus on variable tilting speed as a method to achieve good ladle pouring. The effects of variable ladle tilting speed and switching time on the wave behavior of molten metal are investigated in visualization experiments and simulations. The flow behaviours in ladle pouring are simulated using ”COLMINA CAE”, which is the casting analysis software by particle-based SPH method. Furthermore, the plunger advancing process is also examined. From the simulation results, the variable tilting speed from fast to low can suppress the rise of the maximum wave height of molten aluminium alloy. However, the pouring completion time is longer. Further, the falling position of molten metal poured from the ladle varied with changing tilting speed. And then, the wave height is influenced not only by ladle pouring but also by the plunger advancing process. These trends of wave behaviour obtained in the simulation are similar to that of the actual phenomenon. Therefore, the present simulation method can accurately estimate the ladle pouring process and plunger advancing process. So, casting CAE is an effective tool for exploring die casting conditions.
Abstract
Disturbance of the molten metal flow during ladle pouring before the plunger advancing in the aluminium alloy die casting process can cause entrapment defects of air and oxide [...]
- 1
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Comparison of Incompressible and Weakly-Compressible SPH for the Simulation of Laser Beam Welding
D. Sollich, P. Eberhard

particles2023.

Abstract
The process of laser beam welding is simulated using the Weakly-Compressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (WCSPH) and the Incompressible SPH (ISPH) methods. The presented models consider significant physical effects such as heat conduction, temperature-dependent surface tension with wetting, the phase transitions melting and solidification, and an evaporation-induced recoil pressure. Here, particular emphasis is placed on the modeling differences between the WCSPH and ISPH methods. Then, both methods are evaluated in terms of their accuracy and performance in the simulation of deep penetration laser beam welding with oscillating laser power.
Abstract
The process of laser beam welding is simulated using the Weakly-Compressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (WCSPH) and the Incompressible SPH (ISPH) methods. The presented [...]
- 1
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Calibration of AM powders for Optimization of Recoating Applications using DEM
N. Sani, J. Quist, K. Jarateg, A. Bilock, L. Cordova, F. Edelvik

particles2023.

Abstract
Additive Manufacturing (AM) has been a subject of significant attention from both industrial manufacturers and research communities. However, several challenges hinder the widespread implementation of this technology in the industry. Powder recoating is a crucial step in powder-bed AM process that involves achieving a uniformly packed bed of powder particles that are later melted by an energy source, such as a laser or electron beam. One of the main challenges is calibrating the contact model parameters accurately to match the flowability and spreadability of specific powder alloys. This paper proposes a Discrete Element Method (DEM) model calibration framework based on surrogate model optimisation. The study utilises a Revolution Powder Analyser (RPA) as the experimental reference system. The proposed method is demonstrated with two AM powder samples, Ti64 and Inconel 718. The results indicate that particle-particle friction, rolling resistance, and van der Waals (vdW) surface energy significantly affect the system responses. Furthermore, the validation results show good correspondence between the simulation with calibrated parameters and experimental data. Overall, proposed calibration framework has the potential to optimise powder recoating and to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of the additive manufacturing.
Abstract
Additive Manufacturing (AM) has been a subject of significant attention from both industrial manufacturers and research communities. However, several challenges hinder the [...]
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How the Packing Density and Penetration Resistance is Influenced by Particle Shape: DEM Modelling of Plate Penetration in Granular Media
G. van Selm, M. Mohajeri, H. Shi, D. Schott

particles2023.

Abstract
Granular materials play a crucial role in various geotechnical, mining, and bulk handling applications. Understanding their mechanical properties is essential for optimal use in these industries. Traditional experimental methods like Cone Penetration Test (CPT) and open pile testing have limitations on their repeatability and offer little insight into the contact mechanics. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) is a powerful tool for investigating and simulating granular material behaviour at the element scale and provides deeper understanding in geometry-material interactions. However, due to computational costs, spherical particles are often preferred, though they may not always capture realistic particle interactions. In the current study, the packing density and the penetration resistance of particle beds with different particle shapes, including sphere, multi-spheres and polyhedrons, are compared using a plate penetration test modelled in DEM. Sensitivity analyses are performed for sliding friction, consolidation pressure, and Particle Size Distribution (PSD). Results indicate that polyhedral shapes show lower penetration resistance compared to spherical and multi-spherical shapes. Sliding friction has the most significant impact on resistance, while consolidation pressure has minimal effect on porosity. The study highlights the importance of particle shape in granular media modelling and emphasizes the need for further research in this area.
Abstract
Granular materials play a crucial role in various geotechnical, mining, and bulk handling applications. Understanding their mechanical properties is essential for optimal [...]
- 0
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ISPH with a Geometric Multigrid Preconditioning Solver using Background Cells in GPU environment
H. Osaki, D. Moriwaka, M. Asai

particles2023.

Abstract
Incompressible fluid analysis using the ISPH or MPS methods requires the solution of the pressure Poisson equation, which takes up most of the overall computation time. In addition, the iteration number for solving pressure Poisson equations may increase as the simulation model scale increases. This is a common problem in particle methods and the other implicit time integration solvers. In different methods, FEM, etc., good quality preconditioning, such as multigrid preconditioning, can significantly improve the convergence of iterative solution methods. There are two types of multigrid preconditioners, algebraic multigrid and geometric multigrid methods, but there are few examples of their application in particle methods. In this study, we attempted to develop a framework for a geometric multigrid preconditioner for solving the pressure Poisson equation in the ISPH. First, we focused on the geometric multigrid preconditioner using background cells, which are used for neighboring particle search, and implemented it on a GPU environment. Through a simple dam-break problem, we compared the computation time between the Conjugate gradient (CG) solver with a traditional preconditioner and the CG solver with a geometric multigrid preconditioner. We confirmed that the background cell-based geometric multigrid preconditioner is practical for the ISPH method.
Abstract
Incompressible fluid analysis using the ISPH or MPS methods requires the solution of the pressure Poisson equation, which takes up most of the overall computation time. In [...]
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A Macro-Meso-Microscale Meshless Model for Multiphysics Particle-Laden Flows
J. Joubert, D. Wilke, P. Pizette

particles2023.

Abstract
This work extends a multi-phase mixing model framework designed for a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics context. Specifically, we propose a higher-order variation using the first-order accurate Generalised Finite Difference differential operators to construct an incompressible scheme for simulating fluid-solid coupled systems resolved via a continuum mixture model. The proposed scheme incorporates inter-phase shear between phases and the viscosity dependency of the solid phase concentration. The scheme is verified by simulating a modified lid-driven cavity case at Re = 1000. In this simulation, our method was capable of treating initially discontinuous concentration fields with a maximum solid volume concentration of 0.5 and a solid-to-fluid density ratio of 4.
Abstract
This work extends a multi-phase mixing model framework designed for a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics context. Specifically, we propose a higher-order variation using the [...]
- 5
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Discrete Element Method to simulate the thermo-mechanical behavior of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings during a thermal cycle
I. Bensemmane, W. Leclerc, N. Ferguen, M. Guessama

particles2023.

Abstract
Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) are multilayer systems used in Ni-based superalloy components for gas turbine blades submitted to high temperatures resulting in the development of high thermal stresses. The intricacy of their microstructure coupled to severe environmental conditions lead to their premature failure according to complex mechanisms involving notably creep and Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) mismatch effects. This work aims to investigate the development of thermal residual stress within TBCs during a heating step using a numerical model based on Discrete Element Method (DEM). The suitability of such an approach is investigated in terms of stress field distribution in comparison to Finite Element Method (FEM). Results reveal the capability of the proposed DEM approach to simulate creep phenomenon in a TBC system under thermal loading and predict accurately thermal stresses leading to failure.
Abstract
Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) are multilayer systems used in Ni-based superalloy components for gas turbine blades submitted to high temperatures resulting in the development [...]
- 4
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Particle-based Semi-resolved Coupling Model for the Simulation of Internal Erosion in soil structures
K. Tsuji, M. Asai, K. Kasama

particles2023.

Abstract
Internal erosion, caused by seepage flow inside the soil, accelerates soil failure during a natural disaster. Numerical simulation can be an effective tool to quantitatively evaluate the relationship between internal erosion and the instability of the ground as a whole. Internal erosion and multiphase flow simulation of fluid and granular materials with a particle size distribution require coupling simulations that can represent the interaction between particles and pore water and the movement of particles. There are two main types of coupling models: ”Resolved coupling model,” which can calculate detailed flow and fluid forces, and ”Unresolved coupling model,” which is based on empirical drag and seepage flow models. Previous studies have indicated that both models should be judged appropriately based on the ratio of particle-fluid spatial resolution. However, applying a resolved coupling model to the vast number of soil particles that make up the ground is impractical from a computational cost perspective, and empirical unresolved coupling model has difficulty in representing localized failures such as internal erosion. Therefore, developing a new coupling model that satisfies both computational accuracy and efficiency is desirable. In this study, we applied ISPH (Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) for fluid analysis and DEM (Discrete Element Method) for soil particles to develop a fluid-soil coupling simulation model that can directly represent the movement of soil particles during the internal erosion process. Through numerical experiments using a particle layer with the vertical upward flow, we understand the limitations of the conventional coupling model and propose a new hybrid type of semi-resolved coupling model that combines these two models appropriately.
Abstract
Internal erosion, caused by seepage flow inside the soil, accelerates soil failure during a natural disaster. Numerical simulation can be an effective tool to quantitatively [...]
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PUBLIC HEALTH IN GERMANY BEFORE 1848: PRACTICE AND THEORY
D. Mikhel

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 222

Abstract
The rise of public health care in Germany was part of a modernization process, the first product of which was the state. As part of the cameralist policy of encouraging population productivity, the dignitaries of Prussia and other German states began to establish special authorities responsible for the health and well-being of the population as early as the late seventeenth century. The 18th century saw a bureaucratization of health management methods, with district doctors (Kreisphysickus) as representatives in the field. They were entrusted with a wide range of administrative responsibilities, but their social status remained low. Some of the district doctors became known as the authors of treatises on medical police, presenting their views on the development of public health. Their theories, however, were far removed from actual practice. The situation began to change only after 1848, when political events in Germany prompted a new generation of physicians to vigorously demand political, social and medical reforms.
Abstract
The rise of public health care in Germany was part of a modernization process, the first product of which was the state. As part of the cameralist policy of encouraging population [...]
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PROBLEMS OF READINESS OF THE SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM FOR THE GROWTH OF THE INCOMING POPULATION
E. Lomteva

RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ACADEMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2023). 223

Abstract
Introduction. The relevance of the study of this problem is due to the growing burden on the secondary vocational education system, namely the increase in the number of graduates of 9th and 11th grades who choose this level of education after school. The purpose of the article was to study the problems, consequences and risks of the growth of the number of entrants to the secondary vocational education system. Methodology. The leading method of research was the analysis of statistical data in the field of vocational education, as well as a sociological study conducted by the Center for the Economics of Continuing Education of the RANEPA in August 2020 among 903 graduates of educational organizations of the secondary vocational education system, which revealed the main motives for young people to choose the next stage of education. The Results of the study are the conclusions that the secondary vocational education system is not currently ready for increased interest on the part of young people. The growing number of middle-level and skilled personnel entering training programmes is constrained by limited resources for secondary vocational education, which forces young people to enter professional educational organizations on a paid basis or choose other regions for admission. The author considered the factors limiting the possibility of the secondary vocational education system to the tendency to increase the number of people wishing to enter professional educational organizations and the associated risks. Conclusion. The materials presented in the article can be used by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to assess the dynamics of development indicators and evaluate the performance of the secondary vocational education system and educational organizations.
Abstract
Introduction. The relevance of the study of this problem is due to the growing burden on the secondary vocational education system, namely the increase in the number of graduates [...]
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NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF A LABORATORY-SCALE FREE FALL CONE PENETROMETER TEST IN MARINE CLAY WITH THE MATERIAL POINT METHOD
D. MOHAPATRA, M. SARESMA, J. VIRTASALO, W. SOŁOWSKI, D. Mohapatra

Debasis Mohapatra's personal collection (2023). 1

Abstract
This paper shows a numerical replication of a laboratory-scale free fall cone penetrometer test of marine clay. The numerical simulation involves large deformations and considers the destructuration of clay, strain rate effects, and non-linear material behaviour. The numerical simulation well replicates the laboratory experiment captured on a high-speed camera. The penetration process is replicated accurately in time, and the depth of the penetration corresponds to that obtained in an experiment. The simulation results indicate that the numerical framework implemented in Uintah software, consisting of an advanced soil model and the Generalized Interpolation Material Point Method, is well-suited for replication of the dynamic penetration process in soft and sensitive marine clay.
Abstract
This paper shows a numerical replication of a laboratory-scale free fall cone penetrometer test of marine clay. The numerical simulation involves large deformations and considers [...]
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Design of Graphical Symbols for Shape Transformations of 4D Printed Parts
E. Pei, C. Leung

SIM-AM2023.

Abstract
The term “4D Printing” (4DP) is defined as the ability for a part produced using an additive manufacture process to change its shape when activated by or exposed to one or more stimuli over time. This emerging technology offers unique advantages over conventional Additive Manufacturing (AM) by extending the three dimensions of space into the fourth dimension of time. 4DP parts can be programmed to actuate passively without the need for an external power source such as an electromechanical or other active system, thereby reducing the probability of failure and the complexity of components. This work attempts to address some of the challenges faced by the design engineer in a project team when producing technical documentation to specify the desired shape transformation of a 4DP part with a structured graphical representation at an appropriate level of abstraction. In this paper the requirements for a shape transforming 4DP part are represented as the allowable variation in dimensional size and tolerance in geometric form of the functionally critical features on the part for each function that the transformed shape serves. In this paper, the authors describe how the proposed standard to specify the desired shape transformations of a 4DP part could use graphical symbols in a structured specification by means of a Transformation Control Frame (TCF) to define the rules of transforming between shapes and a Bill of Transformations (BoT) to enumerate all the Transformation Control Frames (TCF) necessary to describe the intended sequence of shape transformations. To illustrate how the graphical symbols could be applied, a SMA actuated gripper is presented as a use-case.
Abstract
The term “4D Printing” (4DP) is defined as the ability for a part produced using an additive manufacture process to change its shape when activated by or exposed to one [...]
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Thermal model for laser-based powder bed fusion of metal process: modelling, calibration, and experimental validation
M. Carraturo, P. Breese, S. Oster

SIM-AM2023.

Abstract
In the present contribution, we propose an effective numerical thermal modeling solution for melt pool simulations in Laser-based Powder Bed Fusion of Metals processes. The proposed model employs an anisotropic conductivity to represent melt pool dynamics effectsin a homogeneous material model. The numerical implementation of the proposed physical model is first experimentally calibrated and then validated with respect to a series of melt pool measurements as acquired by using a short-wave infrared (SWIR) camera monitoring system.
Abstract
In the present contribution, we propose an effective numerical thermal modeling solution for melt pool simulations in Laser-based Powder Bed Fusion of Metals processes. The [...]
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