Documents published in 2010 : Scipedia

Possibilities of the Particle Finite Element Method in computational mechanics
E. Oñate, S. Idelsohn, M. Celigueta, R. Rossi, S. Latorre

(2010). Computer Methods in Mechanics, M. Kuzma, K. Wilmanski (Eds.), Chapter 15, pp. 271-310., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg

Abstract
We present some developments in the formulation of the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) for analysis of complex coupled problems in fluid and solid mechanics accounting for fluid-structure interaction and coupled thermal effects. The PFEM uses an updated Lagrangian description to model the motion of nodes (particles) in both the fluid and the structure domains. Nodes are viewed as material points which can freely move and even separate from the main analysis domain representing, for instance, the effect of water drops. A mesh connects the nodes defining the discretized domain where the governing equations are solved as in the standard FEM. The necessary stabilization for dealing with the incompressibility of the fluid is introduced via the finite calculus (FIC) method. An incremental iterative scheme for the solution of the non linear transient coupled fluid-structure problem is described. Extensions of the PFEM to allow for frictional contact conditions at fluid-solid and solid-solid interfaces via mesh generation are described. A simple algorithm to treat erosion in the fluid bed is presented. Examples of application of the PFEM to solve a number of coupled problems such as the effect of large wave on structures, the large motions of floating and submerged bodies, bed erosion situations and melting and dripping of polymers under the effect of fire are given.
Abstract
We present some developments in the formulation of the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) for analysis of complex coupled problems in fluid and solid mechanics accounting [...]
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An error estimator for separated representations of highly multidimensional models
A. Ammar, F. Chinesta, P. Diez, A. Huerta

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2010). Vol. 199 (25-28), pp. 1872-1880

Abstract
Fine modeling of the structure and mechanics of materials from the nanometric to the micrometric scales uses descriptions ranging from quantum to statistical mechanics. Most of these models consist of a partial differential equation defined in a highly multidimensional domain (e.g. Schrodinger equation, Fokker-Planck equations among many others). The main challenge related to these models is their associated curse of dimensionality. We proposed in some of our former works a new strategy able to circumvent the curse of dimensionality based on the use of separated representations (also known as finite sums decomposition). This technique proceeds by computing at each iteration a new sum that consists of a product of functions each one defined in one of the model coordinates. The issue related to error estimation has never been addressed. This paper presents a first attempt on the accuracy evaluation of such a kind of discretization techniques.
Abstract
Fine modeling of the structure and mechanics of materials from the nanometric to the micrometric scales uses descriptions ranging from quantum to statistical mechanics. Most [...]
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Strict error bounds for linear and nonlinear solid mechanics problems using a patch-based flux-free method
R. Cottereau, L. Chamoin, P. Diez

Mécanique & Industries (2010). Vol. 11 (3-4), pp. 249-254

Abstract
We discuss, in this paper, a common flux-free method for the computation of strict error bounds for linear and nonlinear Finite Element computations. In the linear case, the error bounds are on the energy norm of the error, while, in the nonlinear case, the concept of error in constitutive relation is used. In both cases, the error bounds are strict in the sense that they refer to the exact solution of the continuous equations, rather than to some FE computation over a refined esh. For both linear and nonlinear solid mechanics, this method is based on the computation of a statically admissible stress field, which is performed as a series of local problems on patches of elements
Abstract
We discuss, in this paper, a common flux-free method for the computation of strict error bounds for linear and nonlinear Finite Element computations. In the linear case, the [...]
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Error estimation and quality control
P. Diez, N. Parés, A. Huerta

Encyclopedia of Aerospace Engineering (2010). Vol. 3 (15), pp. 1725-1734

Abstract
This chapter provides a description of the error assessment tools available for general finite element analysis, in particular those for solid and structural mechanics. The text focuses on goal-oriented error estimation, in terms of general quantities of interest rather than on energy norm. However, the energy norm estimates are also discussed because they are seen as basic tools that must be used for assessing the error in arbitrary functional outputs of the solution. Attention is paid to the classification of the different methodologies and their main characteristics.
Abstract
This chapter provides a description of the error assessment tools available for general finite element analysis, in particular those for solid and structural mechanics. The [...]
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A flux-free a posteriori error estimator for the incompressible Stokes problem using a mixed FE formulation
F. Larsson, P. Diez, A. Huerta

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2010). Vol. 199 (37-40), pp. 2383-2402

Abstract
In this contribution, we present an a posteriori error estimator for the incom- pressible Stokes problem valid for a conventional mixed FE formulation. Due to the saddle-point property of the problem, conventional error estimators de- veloped for pure minimization problems cannot be utilized straight-forwardly. The new estimator is built up by two key ingredients. At first, a computed error approximation, exactly fulfilling the continuity equation for the error, is obtained via local Dirichlet problems. Secondly, we adopt the approach of solving local equilibrated flux-free problems in order to bound the remaining, incompressible, error. In this manner, guaranteed upper and lower bounds, of the velocity ”energy norm” of the error as well as goal-oriented (linear) output functionals, with respect to a reference (overkill) mesh are obtained. In particular, it should be noted that this approach requires no computa- tion of hybrid fluxes. Furthermore, the estimator is applicable to mixed FE formulations using continuous pressure approximations, such as the Mini and Taylor-Hood class of elements. In conclusion, a few simple numerical examples are presented, illustrating the accuracy of the error bounds.
Abstract
In this contribution, we present an a posteriori error estimator for the incom- pressible Stokes problem valid for a conventional mixed FE formulation. Due to the saddle-point [...]
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Modeling, with a unified level-set representation, of the expansion of a hollow in the ground under different physical phenomena
R. Cottereau, P. Diez, A. Huerta

Computational Mechanics (2010). Vol. 46 (2), pp. 315-327

Abstract
This paper builds on the flexibility of the level-set representation to model in a unified manner the expansion of a hollow in the ground under different physical phenomena. In particular, the dissolving action of a flow of water in a saturated soil, and that of a jet of particles of water in a non-saturated one, are represented in a common framework. In that manner, the complex geometrical evolutions of the hollow can be followed without the need for remeshing and this approach allows for a smooth transition between saturated and non-saturated models of the soil. Implementation and numerical difficulties are discussed and two applications of industrial interest are considered. The first one describes the modeling of the piping phenomenon, and the second one the evolution of an excavation created by a leaking duct.
Abstract
This paper builds on the flexibility of the level-set representation to model in a unified manner the expansion of a hollow in the ground under different physical phenomena. [...]
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Accurate recovery-based upper error bounds for the extended finite element framework
J. Ródenas, A. Estrada, P. Diez, F. Fuenmayor

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2010). Vol. 199, pp. 2607-2621

Abstract
This paper introduces a recovery-type error estimator yielding upper bounds of the error in energy norm for linear elastic fracture mechanics problems solved using the extended finite element method (XFEM). The paper can be considered as an extension and enhancement of a previous work in which the upper bounds of the error were developed in a FEM framework. The upper bound property requires the recovered solution to be equilibrated and continuous. The proposed technique consists of using a recovery technique, especially adapted to the XFEM framework that yields equilibrium at a local level (patch by patch). Then a postprocess based on the partition of unity concept is used to obtain continuity. The result is a very accurate but only nearly-statically admissible recovered stress field, with small equilibrium defaults introduced by the postprocess. Sharp upper bounds are obtained using a new methodology accounting for the equilibrium defaults, as demonstrated by the numerical tests.
Abstract
This paper introduces a recovery-type error estimator yielding upper bounds of the error in energy norm for linear elastic fracture mechanics problems solved using the extended [...]
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SUPG-based stabilization using a separated representations approach
D. Gonzalez, L. Debeugny, E. Cueto, F. Chinesta, P. Diez, A. Huerta

Int. J. of Material Forming (2010). Vol. 3 (1), pp. 883-886

Abstract
We have developed a new method for the construction of Streamline Upwind Petrov Galerkin (SUPG) stabilization techniques for the resolution of convection-diffusion equations based on the use of separated representations inside the Proper Generalized Decompositions (PGD) framework. The use of SUPG schemes produces a consistent stabilization adding a parameter to all the terms of the equation (not only the convective one). SUPG obtains an exact solution for problems in 1D, nevertheless, a generalization does not exist for elements of high order or for any system of convection-diffusion equations. We introduce in this paper a method that achieves stabilization in the context of Proper Generalzied Decomposition (PGD). This class of approximations use a representation of the solution by means of the sum of a finite number of terms of separable functions. Thus it is possible to use the technique of separation of variables in the context of problems of convection-diffusion that will lead to a sequence of problems in 1D where the parameter of stabilization is well known.
Abstract
We have developed a new method for the construction of Streamline Upwind Petrov Galerkin (SUPG) stabilization techniques for the resolution of convection-diffusion equations [...]
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Error assessment and mesh adaptivity for regularized continuous failure models
T. Pannachet, P. Diez, H. Askes, L. Sluys

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2010). Vol. 199 (17-20), pp. 961-978

Abstract
This paper deals with the adaptive finite element analysis of structural failure. A gradient-enhanced damage model has been chosen to simulate material degradation. Since this model is regularized in the post-peak regime, the finite element solution does not suffer from pathological mesh dependence and thus converges to an objective solution upon mesh refinement. However, the error analyses have shown that the error in the nonlocal equivalent strain field becomes dominant during the postpeak loading stages. The accuracy of the nonlocal equivalent strain field (and the corresponding damage quantity) also greatly influences the accuracy of the quantity of interest. Two error measures have been proposed. The goal-oriented error estimates have provided similar error distributions, although some small differences have been found in the softening regime. Objective error estimates, together with adaptive criteria, have been used to perform automated h-adaptivity during computation.
Abstract
This paper deals with the adaptive finite element analysis of structural failure. A gradient-enhanced damage model has been chosen to simulate material degradation. Since [...]
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Assembling sparse matrices in MATLAB
S. Zlotnik, P. Diez

Commun. Numer. Meth. Engng (2010). Vol. 26 (6), pp. 760-769

Abstract
The assembly of sparse matrices is a key operation in finite element methods. In this study we analyze several factors that may have an influence on the efficiency of the assembly procedure. Different insertion strategies are compared using two metrics: a Cost function (the number of memory movements) and actual computing time. An improved algorithm implemented in MATLAB is proposed. It reduces both memory operations and computing time for all tested cases. The efficiency of the assembly process is found to be highly dependent on node and element numbering. The effect of the classic reverse Cuthill–McKee algorithm is, in most cases, positive and reduces computation costs. Finally, the case where a sparse matrix has to be re‐assembled at each time step is studied. The efficiency of the assembly is improved if the matrix pattern is entirely or partially inherited from previous steps.
Abstract
The assembly of sparse matrices is a key operation in finite element methods. In this study we analyze several factors that may have an influence on the efficiency of the [...]
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Thermal coupling of fluid and structural response of a tunnel induced by fire
B. Schrefler, R. Codina, F. Pesavento, J. Principe

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. (2010). Vol. 87 (1-5), pp. 361-385

Abstract
In this work we present the progress in the development of an algorithm for the simulation of thermal fluid–structural coupling in a tunnel fire. The coupling strategy is based on a Dirichlet/Neumann non‐overlapping domain decomposition of the problem, which is carried out by developing a master code that controls solvers dedicated to the fluid mechanics and to the solid mechanics simulation. The computational fluid dynamics formulation consists of a stabilized finite element approximation of the low Mach number equations based on the subgrid scale concept, that allows us to deal with convection‐dominated problems and to use equal order interpolation of velocity and pressure. The thermo‐structural model of the tunnel vault, that considers a multiphase porous material where pores are partly filled with liquid and partly by gas, is specially devised for the simulation of concrete at high temperatures and consists of balance equations for mass conservation of dry air, mass conservation of water species (both in the liquid and gaseous state), enthalpy conservation and linear momentum conservation taking phase changes into account. The developed algorithm is applied to the problem of the response of a tunnel to a fire. We consider the combustion process as a heat release which can vary usually from 1thinspaceMW for small car fires to 100 MW for catastrophic fires. The released heat is transferred to the concrete walls of the tunnel which could cause extensive and heavy damage of the structure.
Abstract
In this work we present the progress in the development of an algorithm for the simulation of thermal fluid–structural coupling in a tunnel fire. The coupling [...]
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Long-term stability estimates and existence of a global attractor in a finite element approximation of the Navier-Stokes equations with numerical sub-grid scale modeling
S. Badia, R. Codina, J. Gutiérrez-Santacreu

SIAM J. Numer. Anal. (2010). Vol. 48 (3), pp. 1013-1037

Abstract
Variational multiscale methods lead to stable finite element approximations of the NavierStokes equations, both dealing with the indefinite nature of the system (pressure stability) and the velocity stability loss for high Reynolds numbers. These methods enrich the Galerkin formulation with a sub-grid component that is modelled. In fact, the effect of the sub-grid scale on the captured scales has been proved to dissipate the proper amount of energy needed to approximate the correct energy spectrum. Thus, they also act as effective large-eddy simulation turbulence models and allow to compute flows without the need to capture all the scales in the system. In this article, we consider a dynamic sub-grid model that enforces the sub-grid component to be orthogonal to the finite element space in L 2 sense. We analyze the long-term behavior of the algorithm, proving the existence of appropriate absorbing sets and a compact global attractor. The improvements with respect to a finite element Galerkin approximation are the long-term estimates for the sub-grid component, that are translated to effective pressure and velocity stability. Thus, the stabilization introduced by the sub-grid model into the finite element problem is not deteriorated for infinite time intervals of computation.
Abstract
Variational multiscale methods lead to stable finite element approximations of the NavierStokes equations, both dealing with the indefinite nature of the system (pressure [...]
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Finite element approximation of turbulent thermally coupled incompressible flows with numerical sub-grid scale modeling
R. Codina, J. Principe, M. Ávila

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Heat and Fluid Flow (2010). Vol. 20 (5), pp. 492-516

Abstract
The objective of this work is to describe a variational multiscale finite element approximation for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using the Boussinesq approximation to model thermal coupling. The main feature of the formulation in contrast to other stabilized methods is that we consider the subscales as transient and orthogonal to the finite element space. These subscales are solution of a differential equation in time that needs to be integrated. Likewise, we keep the effect of the subscales both in the nonlinear convective terms of the momentum and temperature equations and, if required, in the thermal coupling term of the momentum equation. This strategy allows us to approach the problem of dealing with thermal turbulence from a strictly numerical point of view and discuss important issues, such as the relationship between the turbulent mechanical dissipation and the turbulent thermal dissipation
Abstract
The objective of this work is to describe a variational multiscale finite element approximation for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using the Boussinesq approximation [...]
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Stabilized continuous and discontinuous Galerkin techniques for Darcy flow
S. Badia, R. Codina

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2010). vol. 199 (25-28), pp. 1654-1667

Abstract
We design stabilized methods based on the variational multiscale decomposition of Darcy's problem. A model for the subscales is designed by using a heuristic Fourier analysis. This model involves a characteristic length scale, that can go from the element size to the diameter of the domain, leading to stabilized methods with different stability and convergence properties. These stabilized methods mimic different possible functional settings of the continuous problem. The optimal method depends on the velocity and pressure approximation order. They also involve a subgrid projector that can be either the identity (when applied to finite element residuals) or can have an image orthogonal to the finite element space. In particular, we have designed a new stabilized method that allows the use of piecewise constant pressures. We consider a general setting in which velocity and pressure can be approximated by either continuous or discontinuous approximations. All these methods have been analyzed, proving stability and convergence results. In some cases, duality arguments have been used to obtain error bounds in the L2-norm.
Abstract
We design stabilized methods based on the variational multiscale decomposition of Darcy's problem. A model for the subscales is designed by using a heuristic Fourier analysis. [...]
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On the stabilization parameter in the subgrid scale approximation of scalar convection–diffusion–reaction equations on distorted meshes
J. Principe, R. Codina

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2010). Vol. 199 (21-22), pp. 1386-1402

Abstract
In this paper we revisit the definition of the stabilization parameter in the finite element approximation of the convection–diffusion–reaction equation. The starting point is the decomposition of the unknown into its finite element component and a subgrid scale that needs to be approximated. In order to incorporate the distortion of the mesh into this approximation, we transform the equation for the subgrid scale within each element to the shape-regular reference domain. The expression for the subgrid scale arises from an approximate Fourier analysis and the identification of the wave number direction where instabilities are most likely to occur. The final outcome is an expression for the stabilization parameter that accounts for anisotropy and the dominance of either convection or reaction terms in the equation.
Abstract
In this paper we revisit the definition of the stabilization parameter in the finite element approximation of the convection–diffusion–reaction equation. The starting [...]
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The dissipative structure of variational multiscale methods for incompressible flows
J. Principe, R. Codina, F. Henke

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2010). Vol. 199 (13-16), pp. 791-801

Abstract
In this paper, we present a precise definition of the numerical dissipation for the orthogonal projection version of the variational multiscale method for incompressible flows. We show that, only if the space of subscales is taken orthogonal to the finite element space, this definition is physically reasonable as the coarse and fine scales are properly separated. Then we compare the diffusion introduced by the numerical discretization of the problem with the diffusion introduced by a large eddy simulation model. Results for the flow around a surface-mounted obstacle problem show that numerical dissipation is of the same order as the subgrid dissipation introduced by the Smagorinsky model. Finally, when transient subscales are considered, the model is able to predict backscatter, something that is only possible when dynamic LES closures are used. Numerical evidence supporting this point is also presented.
Abstract
In this paper, we present a precise definition of the numerical dissipation for the orthogonal projection version of the variational multiscale method for incompressible flows. [...]
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A numerical strategy to compute optical parameters in turbulent flow. Application to telescopes
R. Codina, J. Baiges, D. Pérez-Sánchez, M. Collados

Computers and Fluids (2010). Vol. 39 (1), pp. 87-98

Abstract
We present a numerical formulation to compute optical parameters in a turbulent air flow. The basic numerical formulation is a large eddy simulation (LES) of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, which are approximated using a finite element method. From the time evolution of the flow parameters we describe how to compute statistics of the flow variables and, from them, the parameters that determine the quality of the visibility. The methodology is applied to estimate the optical quality around telescope enclosures.
Abstract
We present a numerical formulation to compute optical parameters in a turbulent air flow. The basic numerical formulation is a large eddy simulation (LES) of the incompressible [...]
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A 3D low-order panel method for unsteady aerodynamic problems
E. Ortega, R. Flores, E. Oñate

(2010). Research Report, Nº PI343

Abstract
An unsteady low-order panel method for three-dimensional subsonic analyses is presented. The method, which is based on well-established techniques in computational aerodynamics, is intended to achieve a cost-effective solution of unsteady flows around arbitrary aerodynamic configurations. This work has two main objectives. First, to relax geometry discretization requirements and, second, to simplify the treatment of problems in which the analysis configuration moves along specified flight paths and/or changes its geometry during the simulation. Following this aim, a time-marching solution procedure is adopted in conjunction with a free-wake model which avoids iterative solutions for wake shape and position. The suitability of the present approach for solving typical aerodynamic problems is illustrated by means of several numerical examples.
Abstract
An unsteady low-order panel method for three-dimensional subsonic analyses is presented. The method, which is based on well-established techniques in computational aerodynamics, [...]
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Advances in the simulation of multi-fluid flows with the Particle Finite Element Method. Application to bubble dynamics
M. Mier-Torrecilla, S. Idelsohn, E. Oñate

(2010). Research Report, Nº PI342

Abstract
In this work we extend the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) to multi-fluid flow problems with the aim of exploiting the fact that Lagrangian methods are specially well suited for tracking interfaces. We develop a numerical scheme able to deal with large jumps in the physical properties, included surface tension, and able to accurately represent all types of discontinuities in the flow variables. The scheme is based on decoupling the velocity and pressure variables through a pressure segregation method which takes into account the interface conditions. The interface is defined to be aligned with the moving mesh, so that it remains sharp along time, and pressure degrees of freedom are duplicated at the interface nodes to represent the discontinuity of this variable due to surface tension and variable viscosity. Furthermore, the mesh is refined in the vicinity of the interface to improve the accuracy and the efficiency of the computations. We apply the resulting scheme to the benchmark problem of a two-dimensional bubble rising in a liquid column presented in [1], and propose two breakup and coalescence problems to assess the ability of a multi-fluid code to model topology changes.
Abstract
In this work we extend the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) to multi-fluid flow problems with the aim of exploiting the fact that Lagrangian methods are specially well [...]
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Advances in the particle finite element method (PFEM) for solving coupled problems in engineering
E. Oñate, S. Idelsohn, M. Celigueta, R. Rossi, J. Marti, J. Carbonell, P. Ryzhakov, B. Suárez

(2010). Research Report, Nº PI347

Abstract
We present some developments in the formulation of the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) for analysis of complex coupled problems on fluid and solid mechanics in engineering accounting for fluid-structure interaction and coupled thermal effects, material degradation and surface wear. The PFEM uses an updated Lagrangian description to model the motion of nodes (particles) in both the fluid and the structure domains. Nodes are viewed as material points which can freely move and even separate from the main analysis domain representing, for instance, the effect of water drops. A mesh connects the nodes defining the discretized domain where the governing equations are solved, as in the standard FEM. The necessary stabilization for dealing with the incompressibility of the fluid is introduced via the finite calculus (FIC) method. An incremental iterative scheme for the solution of the non linear transient coupled fluid-structure problem is described. The procedure for modelling frictional contact conditions at fluid-solid and solid-solid interfaces via mesh generation are described. A simple algorithm to treat soil erosion in fluid beds is presented. An straight forward extension of the PFEM to model excavation processes and wear of rock cutting tools is described. Examples of application of the PFEM to solve a wide number of coupled problems in engineering such as the effect of large waves on breakwaters and bridges, the large motions of floating and submerged bodies, bed erosion in open channel flows, the wear of rock cutting tools during excavation and tunneling and the melting, dripping and burning of polymers in fire situations are presented.
Abstract
We present some developments in the formulation of the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) for analysis of complex coupled problems on fluid and solid mechanics in engineering [...]
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Two-noded beam element for composite and sandwich beams using Timoshenko theory and refined zigzag kinematics
E. Oñate, A. Eijo, S. Oller

(2010). Research Report, Nº PI346

Abstract
The so-called zigzag theory has been developed in recent years as an extension of the classical layer-wise theory for modeling composite laminated beams, plates and shells. An advantage of the zigzag theory is that the number of kinematic variables is independent of the number of layers. In this work we present a simple linear two-noded beam element adequate for the analysis of composite and sandwich beams based on the combination of classical Timoshenko beam theory and the refined zigzag kinematics recently proposed by Tessler et al. [19]. The accuracy of the new beam element is tested in a number of examples of applications for composite laminated beams.
Abstract
The so-called zigzag theory has been developed in recent years as an extension of the classical layer-wise theory for modeling composite laminated beams, plates and shells. [...]
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Análisis numérico de los fenómenos hidrodinámicos en escolleras con aplicaciones a presas de materiales sueltos
R. Hernández, A. Larese, E. Oñate

(2010). Research Report, Nº PI348

Abstract
Actualmente las presas de materiales sueltos son la tipología cuya elección es más frecuente debido, en parte, a los grandes avances que se han hecho en el estudio de los materiales que se utilizan en este tipo de estructuras, a la gran facilidad de encontrarlos y a su bajo coste y, por otra parte, a su adaptabilidad a una amplia variedad de emplazamientos. Sin embargo, hay que tener en cuenta su gran vulnerabilidad frente a fenómenos de sobrevertido, que pueden comprometer seriamente la estructura e incluso causar su colapso. Es por todo esto que en los últimos años se está manifestando un interés creciente en el estudio del comportamiento de las presas de material sueltos frente a fenómenos extremos. Esta tesina se enmarca en el contexto del proyecto XPRES del Plan Nacional I+D del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia [2], cuyo principal objetivo es desarrollar un método computacional para el análisis de la evolución de la filtración, así como el seguimiento del proceso de rotura en las presas de escollera en caso de sobrevertido. Este objetivo requiere el desarrollo de dos modelos numéricos acoplables, uno que modelice el proceso de filtración en el cuerpo de la presa y otro que modelice la respuesta estructural. Se pretende abordar la validación de los algoritmos desarrollados por CIMNE para la modelización de la filtración y determinar cuál de ellos presenta las mejores características para su aplicación en casos reales. La validación se llevará a cabo utilizando Kratos, un código abierto C++ que se está desarrollando en CIMNE pensado para resolver problemas de multifísica mediante el método de los elementos finitos. Los resultados numéricos se compararán los datos experimentales proporcionados por CEDEX y UPM y los modelos teóricos obtenidos por UPM. Esta validación se centrará, principalmente, en el modelo en dos dimensiones, aunque se hará extensible al caso en tres dimensiones.
Abstract
Actualmente las presas de materiales sueltos son la tipología cuya elección es más frecuente debido, en parte, a los grandes avances que se han hecho [...]
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Optimizing rock cutting through computer simulation
J. Rojek, E. Oñate, C. Labra, H. Kargl, J. Akerman

(2010). Technology Innovation in Underground Construction (TUNCONSTRUCT), G. Beer (Ed.)

Abstract
This paper presents an original thermomechanical model of rock cutting with evaluation of tool wear. The model has been developed within the framework of the discrete element method, which is a suitable numerical method to study problems of multiple material fractures likes those of rock cutting. The paper presents brief overview of the theoretical formulation, calibration of the discrete element model, and a number of numerical results obtained in simulation of rock cutting processes typical for underground excavation, using both roadheaders and TBMs.
Abstract
This paper presents an original thermomechanical model of rock cutting with evaluation of tool wear. The model has been developed within the framework of the discrete element [...]
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A multi-method approach towards understanding the pathophysiology of aortic dissections – the complementary role of in-silico, in-vitro and in-vivo information
P. Rudenick, M. Bordone, B. Bijnens, E. Soudah, E. Oñate, D. García-Dorado, A. Evangelista

(2010). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Camara, O; Pop, M; Rhode, K; et al. (Eds.), Book Series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 6364, pp. 114-123

Abstract
Management and follow-up of chronic aortic dissections continues to be a clinical challenge due to progressive aortic dilatation. To predict dilatation, guidelines suggest follow-up of the aortic diameter. However, dilatation is triggered by haemodynamic parameters (pressure and wall shear stresses (WSS)), and geometry of false (FL) and true lumen (TL). We aimed at a better understanding of TL and FL haemodynamics by performing in-silico (CFD) and in-vitro studies on an idealized dissected aorta and compared this to a typical patient. We observed an increase in diastolic pressure and wall stress in the FL and the presence of diastolic retrograde flow. The inflow jet increased WSS at the proximal FL while a large variability in WSS was induced distally, all being risk factors for wall weakening. In-silico, in-vitro and in-vivo findings were very similar and complementary, showing that their combination can help in a more integrated and extensive assessment of aortic dissections, improving understanding of the haemodynamic conditions and related clinical evolution.
Abstract
Management and follow-up of chronic aortic dissections continues to be a clinical challenge due to progressive aortic dilatation. To predict dilatation, guidelines suggest [...]
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Shock control bump design optimization on natural laminar aerofoil
D. Lee, J. Periaux, K. Srinivas, L. González, N. Qin, E. Oñate

(2010). Computational Fluid Dynamics Review 2010, Part 9, 253-259, Edited by M M Hafez (University of California, Davis, USA), K Oshima (University of Tokyo, Japan), & Dochan Kwak (NASA Ames Research Center, USA)

Abstract
The chapter investigates Shock Control Bumps (SCB) on a Natural Laminar Flow (NLF) aerofoil; RAE 5243 for Active Flow Control (AFC). A SCB approach is used to decelerate supersonic flow on the suction/pressure sides of transonic aerofoil that leads delaying shock occurrence or weakening of shock strength. Such an AFC technique reduces significantly the total drag at transonic speeds. This chapter considers the SCB shape design optimisation at two boundary layer transition positions (0 and 45%) using an Euler software coupled with viscous boundary layer effects and robust Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs). The optimisation method is based on a canonical Evolution Strategy (ES) algorithm and incorporates the concepts of hierarchical topology and parallel asynchronous evaluation of candidate solution. Two test cases are considered with numerical experiments; the first test deals with a transition point occurring at the leading edge and the transition point is fixed at 45% of wing chord in the second test. Numerical results are presented and it is demonstrated that an optimal SCB design can be found to significantly reduce transonic wave drag and improves lift on drag (L/D) value when compared to the baseline aerofoil design.
Abstract
The chapter investigates Shock Control Bumps (SCB) on a Natural Laminar Flow (NLF) aerofoil; RAE 5243 for Active Flow Control (AFC). A SCB approach is used to decelerate supersonic [...]
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Modeling of ground excavation with the particle finite-element method
J. Carbonell, E. Oñate, B. Suarez

Journal of Engineering Mechanics (2010). Vol. 136 (4), pp. 455-463

Abstract
An excavation process is a nonlinear dynamic problem that includes geometrical, material, and contact nonlinearities. The simulation of ground excavation has to face contact interaction in a changing geometry composed by several solid domains. The particle finite-element method (PFEM) is based on a Lagrangian description for modeling the motion of a continuum medium. The PFEM is particularly suitable for modeling a fluid motion with free surfaces. The application of the PFEM in ground excavation includes the use of the remeshing process, α-shape concepts for detecting the domain boundary, contact mechanics laws, material constitutive models, and surface wear models. Everything is correctly matched to quantify the excavation and the corresponding damage caused to the ground. The erosion and wear parameters of the soil/rock material govern the evolution of the excavation process. The preliminary results presented in this paper show that the PFEM it is a very suitable tool for the simulation of ground excavation processes.
Abstract
An excavation process is a nonlinear dynamic problem that includes geometrical, material, and contact nonlinearities. The simulation of ground excavation has to face contact [...]
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Numerical investigation of wind-tunnel model deformations caused by the twin-sting support system
F. Flores, E. Ortega, E. Oñate

Journal of Aircraft (2010). Vol. 47, pp. 708-714

Abstract
The present work is part of a broader investigation aimed at improving the understanding of the aerodynamics of the rear aircraft section. Complex flow phenomena (e.g., the thick fuselage boundary layer at the rear end) present a challenge to the accurate predictions of aerodynamic performance. Significant efficiency gains are expected from improved-fidelity computations and experimental techniques. As part of a joint effort between several research institutions and industrial partners, a series of wind-tunnel test campaigns focusing on accurate rear-end measurements was planned. To obtain accurate tail-force data, a nonstandard live-rear-end test model was adopted. This technique uses a mechanically separate rear-end section attached to the main body through internal balances, allowing direct measurement of the force acting on the tail. This mechanical setup precludes the use of a conventional tail-coneattached sting. Moreover, to minimize aerodynamic interference on the empennage caused by the support system, a wing-attached twinsting mounting was chosen
Abstract
The present work is part of a broader investigation aimed at improving the understanding of the aerodynamics of the rear aircraft section. Complex flow phenomena (e.g., [...]
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An Object-oriented Environment for Developing Finite Element Codes for Multi-disciplinary Applications
P. Dadvand, R. Rossi, E. Oñate

Archives of Comp. Meths. Engng. (2010). Vol. 17 (3), pp 253-297

Abstract
The objective of this work is to describe the design and implementation of a framework for building multi-disciplinary finite element programs. The main goals are generality, reusability, extendibility, good performance and memory efficiency. Another objective is preparing the code structure for team development to ensure the easy collaboration of experts in different fields in the development of multi-disciplinary applications. Kratos, the framework described in this work, contains several tools for the easy implementation of finite element applications and also provides a common platform for the natural interaction of different applications. To achieve this, an innovative variable base interface is designed and implemented. This interface is used at different levels of abstraction and showed to be very clear and extendible. A very efficient and flexible data structure and an extensible IO are created to overcome difficulties in dealing with multi-disciplinary problems. Several other concepts in existing works are also collected and adapted to coupled problems. The use of an interpreter, of different data layouts and variable number of dofs per node are examples of such approach. In order to minimize the possible conflicts arising in the development, a kernel and application approach is used. The code is structured in layers to reflect the working space of developers with different fields of expertise. Details are given on the approach chosen to increase performance and efficiency. Examples of application of Kratos to different multidisciplinary problems are presented in order to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of the new object oriented environment.
Abstract
The objective of this work is to describe the design and implementation of a framework for building multi-disciplinary finite element programs. The main goals are generality, [...]
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Lift maximization with uncertainties for the optimization of high‐lift devices
Z. Tang, J. Périaux, G. Bugeda, E. Oñate

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids (2010). Vol. 64 (2), pp. 119-135

Abstract
In this paper, the aerodynamic shape optimization problems with uncertain operating conditions have been addressed. After a review of robust control theory and the possible approaches to take into account uncertainties, the use of Taguchi robust design methods in order to overcome single point design problems in aerodynamics is proposed. Under the Taguchi concept, a design with uncertainties is converted into an optimization problem with two objectives which are the mean performance and its variance, so that the solutions are as less sensitive to the uncertainty of the input parameters as possible. Furthermore, the modified non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithms are used to capture a set of compromised solutions (Pareto front) between these two objectives. The flow field is analyzed by Navier–Stokes computation using an unstructured mesh. In order to reduce the number of expensive evaluations of the fitness function a response surface modeling is employed to estimate the fitness value using the polynomial approximation model. During the solution of the optimization problem, a semi‐torsional spring analogy is used for the adaption of the computational mesh to all the obtained geometrical configurations. The proposed approach is applied to the robust optimization of the 2D high‐lift devices of a business aircraft by maximizing the mean and minimizing the variance of the lift coefficients with uncertain free‐stream angle of attack at landing flight condition.
Abstract
In this paper, the aerodynamic shape optimization problems with uncertain operating conditions have been addressed. After a review of robust control theory and the possible [...]
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Evolution of communication departments in publishing companies
J. Marcos-Recio, J. Sánchez-Vigil, M. Olivera-Zaldua

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 95

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to determine the evolution of Communications Departments in publishing companies over the past decade, after the appearance of the e-book in the sector. The work customarily carried out is covered, along with the everyday problems that arise. We have obtained and analyzed the opinions of the following Managers and Press Secretaries for this study: Santillana Communications (Rosa Junquera Santiago), Random House Mondadori (Leticia Rodero) and Literal Press (Lola Martín).
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to determine the evolution of Communications Departments in publishing companies over the past decade, after the appearance of the e-book in [...]
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Newspapers on the internet: new business models in the convergence era
A. Casero-Ripollés

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 94

Abstract
The internet is transforming the business model of the press. Free access to online news, increased competition and the crisis of the media sector has reopened the debate on the future of newspapers in the convergence era. The object of this paper it is to examine the basis of the new business models of the press on the Net. The analysis addresses the revenue sources for online information: advertising and sale of the product. The methodology is the case study, applied to the business strategies of four Spanish digital newspapers: the online versions of two main newspapers (Elpaís.com and Elmundo. es) and two pure digital players (Soitu and Factual).
Abstract
The internet is transforming the business model of the press. Free access to online news, increased competition and the crisis of the media sector has reopened the debate [...]
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Online journalism and web 2.0: A model for analysis and report on results
R. Rodríguez-Martínez, L. Codina, R. Pedraza-Jiménez

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 93

Abstract
A model is proposed for analyzing online journalism from the perspective of suitability for certain quality parameters and, especially, in relation to certain indicators on the adoption of the characteristic features of web 2.0. This model has been tested with the analysis of eight online newspapers and the results are presented. The model has a modular nature, which permits its application, in whole or in part, to other research projects.
Abstract
A model is proposed for analyzing online journalism from the perspective of suitability for certain quality parameters and, especially, in relation to certain indicators on [...]
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Trends in internet media
J. Díaz-Noci

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 92

Abstract
The latest trends on online journalism are analysed in this text, from several points of view: media convergence –newsrooms, technology, contents and labour conditions–, users’ participation and related myths, sometimes in contradiction with empirical evidence, and finally an analysis of the discussion about the supposed end of print media and the influence of the net in that crisis. We end up with some thoughts about the changing information consumption habits and patterns, and the importance of the new devices in it all.
Abstract
The latest trends on online journalism are analysed in this text, from several points of view: media convergence –newsrooms, technology, contents and labour conditions–, [...]
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4th International LIS-EPI meeting: a view on the future of information
N. Arroyo-Vázquez

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 91

Abstract
Report on the 4th International LIS-EPI Meeting which was held in Valencia in November 2009, under the title “Information in 2015”. The topics covered were the future of information and libraries, Rich Internet Applications (RIAs), free software in libraries, open access, and mobile devices.
Abstract
Report on the 4th International LIS-EPI Meeting which was held in Valencia in November 2009, under the title “Information in 2015”. The topics covered were the future [...]
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Manual de diseño editorial. 3ª ed. (Jorge de Buen Unna)
N. Bas-Martín

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 90

Abstract
De
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Espasa: a century and a half of history of editorial documentation. Interview with Manuel Durán- Blázquez
J. Sánchez-Vigil

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 89

Abstract
The Documentation Department of Editorial Espasa was created in 1860 with the founding of the publishing company. In this interview with its manager, its origin and evolution is shown and the three most important document types in its collections -books, photographs and texts- are used to describe and illustrate the works that have been published during the 150-year history of the publisher. The existence of the Documentation Department is justified for the extensive collections of the archive and the library. The interview concludes that the traditional concept of publishing is changing with the advent of the new media, although the book in its traditional format will not disappear.
Abstract
The Documentation Department of Editorial Espasa was created in 1860 with the founding of the publishing company. In this interview with its manager, its origin and evolution [...]
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CiteULike and Connotea: 2.0 tool for discovery of scientific information
J. Alonso-Arévalo, J. Cordón-García, H. Martín-Rodero

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 88

Abstract
Social reference managers automate repetitive and tedious tasks such as literature management, offering an alternative to search engines and traditional databases for social mediation and scientific discovery. In this study we reflect upon the implications of social tagging processes for personal bibliographic management in the 2.0 environment, and we study two of the most famous applications, although still little known and employed in Spain: CiteULike y Connotea.
Abstract
Social reference managers automate repetitive and tedious tasks such as literature management, offering an alternative to search engines and traditional databases for social [...]
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Federated search in the e-science ecosystem: Science Research case study
L. Codina, E. Abadal, C. Rovira

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 87

Abstract
Analysis of the Science Research system in the context of e-science and the federated search, compared with the index-based retrieval systems and harvesting systems. Analysis of several elements of Science Research and a comparative study of search results.
Abstract
Analysis of the Science Research system in the context of e-science and the federated search, compared with the index-based retrieval systems and harvesting systems. Analysis [...]
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The death of libraries? Towards the e-evolution
C. Vicente, A. Oyarce

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 86

Abstract
Starting from the premise that future information flows will be transmitted exclusively via electronic formats and that the future of books in their current structure is uncertain, the article analyzes the situation of uncertainty for libraries’ survival in the new systems of global information, where the immediacy of access to sources and collaboration are becoming standard. The authors invite a rethinking of paradigm tools that prevail in libraries. The study also aims to discuss the old paradigms as opposed to the changes that are taking place and focuses on defining a model of innovative thinking which can sustain the e-evolution” of libraries. Analyzing the perspectives from a qualitative research method founded on the triangulation of three or more different perspectives, the methodology-driven approach defines the paradigm changes that will be more influential in the near future and hence poses new ways to think about the interrelationship between different actors that will positively affect a sustainable e-evolution” of libraries if they are considered and seen from a global human-centered point of view.
Abstract
Starting from the premise that future information flows will be transmitted exclusively via electronic formats and that the future of books in their current structure is uncertain, [...]
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Technology as a protagonist: applications and services at the Rector Gabriel Ferraté library
J. Clavero, M. Codina, A. Pérez

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 85

Abstract
The Rector Gabriel Ferraté Library of the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya presents its technological experience and outcomes of the last 5 years. The article also describes the human resources used for the implementation of the projects and the working method usually followed. The included projects cover various fields such as mobile services, collection management, building management, web 2.0, etc.
Abstract
The Rector Gabriel Ferraté Library of the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya presents its technological experience and outcomes of the last 5 years. The article also describes [...]
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Process of a specialized magazine: the case of Mi biblioteca
C. Jiménez-Fernández, R. Cremades-García, S. Fernández-Ferrer

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 84

Abstract
In April of 2005 the Alonso Quijano Foundation published the first number of the magazine Mi biblioteca. With an international circulation, quarterly periodicity and printed format, the contents of this magazine pretend to be affordable to any type of non-specialized reader with an interest in the world of libraries. From the experience of the Alonso Quijano Foundation team, the production process of the magazine is presented in this article. The process begins with reflection on the kind of contributions that should appear in each issue, based on the editorial team’s own criteria; continues with the selection, search for and localization of the potential authors of these articles; receipt and review of originals; and concludes with the layout, printing and distribution of Mi biblioteca.
Abstract
In April of 2005 the Alonso Quijano Foundation published the first number of the magazine Mi biblioteca. With an international circulation, quarterly periodicity and printed [...]
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The need for a documentation department in publishing companies: the most advantageous use of contents
J. Sánchez-Vigil, M. Olivera-Zaldua, J. Marcos-Recio

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 83

Abstract
A study of the current situation of editorial documentation and the job of researchers in publishing companies, as the managers of the information and documentation. Perspectives for the future. The concept of editorial documentation is defined and explained, a typology of the documents is established, the existing problems are presented and guidelines and appropriate lines of action are offered for the management and most advantageous use of the contents.
Abstract
A study of the current situation of editorial documentation and the job of researchers in publishing companies, as the managers of the information and documentation. Perspectives [...]
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University publishing in the context of scientific publishing: authorship, recognition and evaluation
J. Cordón-García, R. Gómez-Díaz

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 82

Abstract
Scientific publishing is a substantial component in the activities of any university, channeling much of the research that occurs there. This productivity is significant from both the quantitative and qualitative viewpoints, although scarcely considered in the accreditation systems. The changes in scientific publishing, characteristic of a publishing context that has undergone profound transformations, require these entities to make improvements related to the editorial function, development of catalogs and publishing formats.
Abstract
Scientific publishing is a substantial component in the activities of any university, channeling much of the research that occurs there. This productivity is significant from [...]
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The scientific-technical e-book in the Spanish market: an overview from the subscription agent perspective
I. Romero-Otero, E. Giménez-Toledo, J. Martín-González

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 81

Abstract
Management, trade strategies, marketing and users of scientific-technical e-books in the Spanish market are analysed in this paper, from the point of view of the main subscription agents. Swets and Ebsco country managers in Spain were interviewed to obtain a general overview. The most widely held opinion in the scholarly context –researchers, librarians, publishers and subscription agents- is that the scholarly e-book is being accepted much more slowly than e-journals but will become more and more important.
Abstract
Management, trade strategies, marketing and users of scientific-technical e-books in the Spanish market are analysed in this paper, from the point of view of the main subscription [...]
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Adaptation of the Spanish publishers to electronic book publishing
J. Costa-Knufinke

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 80

Abstract
The electronic book, understood as a digital file, has entered the Spanish publishing scene and caused a variety of changes, both within publishing companies and in the relationship between the publishers and other players in the traditional book value chain. We describe these changes, in addition to the challenges that the publishers will face to meet the new e-books demand. In addition, to systematize the level of alignment between publishers and electronic books, a five-level scale is proposed. Its detailed description provides an overview of the current situation of Spanish publishers in relation to e-books.
Abstract
The electronic book, understood as a digital file, has entered the Spanish publishing scene and caused a variety of changes, both within publishing companies and in the relationship [...]
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The Spanish publishing sector
P. De-Andrés-Romero

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (1), 79

Abstract
An overview of the current status of the publishing sector, taking into account each subject area. Data is furnished on the domestic and foreign book markets and an analysis is made of the situation of the Spanish publishing industry with respect to the digital world and the close attention being paid to the development of information technologies.
Abstract
An overview of the current status of the publishing sector, taking into account each subject area. Data is furnished on the domestic and foreign book markets and an analysis [...]
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La documentación como servicio público: estudios en homenaje a Adelaida Román (Luis Rodríguez-Yunta y Elea Giménez-Toledo, coords.)
F. Peset

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 78

Abstract
Rodríguez-Yunta,
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Información y referencia en entornos digitales. Desarrollo de servicios bibliotecarios de consulta (José-Antonio Merlo-Vega)
J. Gómez-Hernández

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 77

Abstract
Merlo-Vega,
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The future of information and libraries. Interview with Eric Lease Morgan
J. Serrano-Cobos

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 76

Abstract
To some degree the Open Access Initiative has failed, because too few people, even in the library profession, know of its existence. More marketing should be done, thus making more people aware of it. MARC became obsolete and has to be superseded by xml-based standards. With the advent of Google, people don’t have any problems finding information. Instead they have problems knowing what to do with once they acquire it. A next generation library catalog should allow people to first find items in a library collection, and then to use the information in some way. Public libraries are devoted to their community. If they focus too much on books, then their future is less positive. If they think in terms of data, information, and knowledge, their future is only as limited as their imagination.
Abstract
To some degree the Open Access Initiative has failed, because too few people, even in the library profession, know of its existence. More marketing should be done, thus making [...]
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Documentalists and planners in advertising. Interview with Alfonso González- Callejas
J. Marcos-Recio

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 75

Abstract
Information scientists and advertising people use research to seek out the best information to offer the user or advertiser, providing what is needed, enhanced by the creative work. The way the information department, the planners and the advertising research department should interact is discussed.
Abstract
Information scientists and advertising people use research to seek out the best information to offer the user or advertiser, providing what is needed, enhanced by the creative [...]
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Introduction and comparative study of the new scientific journals citation indicators in Journal Citation Reports and Scopus
D. Torres-Salinas, E. Jiménez-Contreras

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 74

Abstract
The evaluation of scientific journals with bibliometric indicators has been dominated by the Impact factor since the 70s. However Thomson has recently included in the Journal Citation Reports the Eigen factor and the Article influence score. On the other hand Elsevier has included in Scopus the Source normalized impact per paper (SNIP) and the SCImago journal rank (SJR). In this paper we introduce and describe these indicators. Secondly, to study the similarities we analyze correlations of the traditional indicators and the new ones, detailing the results across 27 scientific fields. It was noted that some couples of indicators such as Eigen- Citations, Impact factor-ArticleScore, Impact factor–SJR and SJR-ArticleScore do correlate in many areas. Correlations showed different trends in Science and Social science; therefore, in the last section we discuss the need to take into account the scientific area when selecting an indicator.
Abstract
The evaluation of scientific journals with bibliometric indicators has been dominated by the Impact factor since the 70s. However Thomson has recently included in the Journal [...]
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Online advertising in the media sector: The TecniPublicaciones Group
M. Martínez-San-Emeterio

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 73

Abstract
This case study describes a technical-professional press in online media publishing, and the evolution of this sector from the beginnings of internet as a channel for information and publicity to the present. New online advertising formats have been added, always conditioned by advertising campaigns conducted in paper publications, and new strategies as evolving for the future, as they develop new profiles, position themselves, and compete openly with other organizations with similar characteristics.
Abstract
This case study describes a technical-professional press in online media publishing, and the evolution of this sector from the beginnings of internet as a channel for information [...]
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Past, present and future of public relations documentation: the Institute for Public Relations
J. Xifra

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 72

Abstract
The Institute for Public Relations is the only organization in the world which has created a database to consult and share public relations research on studies and results. With over fifty years of history and a records function since its foundation, in 2008 it created the Essential Knowledge Project site in order to make available to scholars, students and particularly practitioners a body of public relations and corporate communications knowledge and establish a dialog space to contribute and share information and ideas that enrich this knowledge. This article presents the Institute for Public Relations and Essential Knowledge Project structure and how they work, highlighting the significant records function in public relations in particular and organizational communication in general.
Abstract
The Institute for Public Relations is the only organization in the world which has created a database to consult and share public relations research on studies and results. [...]
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Corporate communication of organizations offering library resources on the Web
A. Castillo-Díaz, C. Jiménez-Fernández

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 71

Abstract
We analyze the online corporate communications of 17 institutions of the library and information science area, selected from those contained in the Anuario de bibliotecas españolas 2009 (Spanish libraries yearbook) of the Fundación Alonso Quijano. We analyze the management and communication effectiveness of the brands present on their portals, based on a model designed for this purpose. Online communication options affect the image and reputation of companies and, therefore, it is essential to take care of them.
Abstract
We analyze the online corporate communications of 17 institutions of the library and information science area, selected from those contained in the Anuario de bibliotecas [...]
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Models for document management in advertising agencies: documentary elements of campaigns
J. Marcos-Recio, J. Sánchez-Vigil, M. Olivera-Zaldua

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 70

Abstract
Advertising, one of the leading communications media today, requires special techniques for research and documentation without which its effectiveness could be questioned. A brief study is made of advertising documentation in Spain from the theoretical and practical points of view. Then, the models for document management used in the agencies are studied and explained, and a definition of what is understood to be advertising documentation is drawn up. In addition, the documentary elements that should be used in the advertising campaigns and in the proper functioning of the documentation centres are proposed.
Abstract
Advertising, one of the leading communications media today, requires special techniques for research and documentation without which its effectiveness could be questioned. [...]
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Patents as an indicator of the scientific activity in Spanish universities
F. Martínez-Méndez, J. Pastor-Sánchez, R. López-Carreño

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 69

Abstract
The studies and analysis of Spanish scientific activity usually are more focused on contributions in journals with impact factor than on patents as a relevant indicator of the scientific work. This reality contrasts with the trends of the specialized literature, which show patents to be one of the most important parameters to measure scientific productivity. Therefore, we conducted a case study on the patents registered by Spanish Universities in 2008, using as our source the European Patents Fulltext database. Analysis of the distribution of patents by university in this specific period of time revealed a certain correlation with other commonly used indicators. This finding can be a basis for suggesting that patents can and should be considered when conducting such studies.
Abstract
The studies and analysis of Spanish scientific activity usually are more focused on contributions in journals with impact factor than on patents as a relevant indicator of [...]
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Assessing the efficiency of research groups using data envelopment analysis (DEA)
J. Pino-Mejías, F. Solís-Cabrera, M. Delgado-Fernández, R. Barea-Barrera

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 68

Abstract
Assessing the results of research groups based on available resources and obtaining some indicator of efficiency are issues of great relevance for the design of policies to promote research and development (R&D). Information professionals can contribute to this effort by providing data such as the total number of doctoral theses or publications in the most prestigious journals. The article proposes a methodology for assessing the technical efficiency of research groups based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) and applies it to university research groups in the area of information technology and communications (ICT) in Andalusia.
Abstract
Assessing the results of research groups based on available resources and obtaining some indicator of efficiency are issues of great relevance for the design of policies to [...]
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Use of internet promotion strategies by the Spanish travel agencies
F. Sabaté, A. Cañabate, M. Velarde-Iturralde, R. Griñón-Barceló

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 67

Abstract
The evolution of traditional marketing to e-marketing has been achieved due to the arrival of new information and communication technologies, which have had an impact on the marketing strategies used by companies. The main target of this empirical study is to quantify the level of use of internet promotion strategies. The travel agency sector is selected due to its high level of investment in internet marketing. Results and study limitations are discussed and future lines of research are proposed. Conclusions can be useful to managers and marketing specialists.
Abstract
The evolution of traditional marketing to e-marketing has been achieved due to the arrival of new information and communication technologies, which have had an impact on the [...]
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New opportunities for business communication: mobile advertising
C. Feijóo-González, J. Gómez-Barroso, I. Martínez-Martínez

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 66

Abstract
Business communication in general, and advertising in particular, is in need of more targeted and effective approaches. This article introduces mobile advertising and its differential features, including the role of contextual advertising and customized relationship with mobile devices. It analyses future potential, identifying essential economic, technological and social forces that will shape mobile advertising in the short and middle term.
Abstract
Business communication in general, and advertising in particular, is in need of more targeted and effective approaches. This article introduces mobile advertising and its [...]
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Convergence processes in organizational communication. A case study of traffic and road safety press offices
J. Micó-Sanz, S. González-Molina

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 65

Abstract
The introduction of digital technology in the press and communication offices workplace has favoured new skills of labour organization, the distribution of contents though diverse platforms and the labour polyvalency of its members. The new materials are spread rapidly and massively, so the press department wins more time to realize other functions different from the direct relationship with journalists. That’s why its members must update their knowledge and technical skills to face the new convergence reality. This research analyzes this process following the digitization of road traffic offices.
Abstract
The introduction of digital technology in the press and communication offices workplace has favoured new skills of labour organization, the distribution of contents though [...]
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Documentation as part of the evaluation and management of corporate image
M. Carrillo-Durán, M. Nuño-Moral

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 64

Abstract
Corporate competition is based less on differences in the products they offer than on a company’s ability to differentiate itself through the management of what are called intangible assets: corporate image, brand, reputation, etc. A renewed emphasis on managing intangible assets is required, with two fundamental phases: image assessment at a specific point in time and proper management of the corporate image to optimize the company’s position in the minds of the general public. Attention to corporate image is essential for midsize organizations that have not yet understood or are just beginning to understand that tangible differentiation is not enough to establish competitive advantages in an increasingly globalized market. This paper addresses the value-added importance that documentation has (or should have) as companies manage their intangible assets, especially the corporate image. It also discusses the importance of organizations assuming documentation as part of managing their work. In particular, we focus on the role of documentation in the “assessment” of the image through the image audit. This first phase is completed with the “management” phase, including development of a series of documents, programs and manuals that require a significant review effort so that in the long term the organization can obtain benefits in terms of added value.
Abstract
Corporate competition is based less on differences in the products they offer than on a company’s ability to differentiate itself through the management of what are called [...]
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Corporate communication and the expansion of the librarians professional profile
J. Leiva-Aguilera

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 63

Abstract
The explosion of social web platforms has triggered the emergence of a new professional profile called community manager.The opportunities for graduates in library sciences to have access to these jobs are analyzed, taking into account the skills demanded in the current job offers and how Spanish universities have integrated them in their curricula.
Abstract
The explosion of social web platforms has triggered the emergence of a new professional profile called community manager.The opportunities for graduates in library sciences [...]
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Online Information Exhibition 2009
Á. Maldonado-Martínez

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 62

Abstract
Description of the exhibition area of the Online Information Conference that took place on December 1-3, 2009 at the London’s Olympia. The companies, organizations and associations present at the event and some of its products and novelties are described. In particular, the Spanish participation and the activities of the Spanish Meeting Point are commented.
Abstract
Description of the exhibition area of the Online Information Conference that took place on December 1-3, 2009 at the London’s Olympia. The companies, organizations and associations [...]
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La calidad y evaluación de las revistas científicas a debate: una mirada desde las Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte (Javier Valenciano-Valcárcel y José Devís-Devís, coords.)
A. Alonso-Arroyo

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 61

Abstract
Valenciano-Valcárcel,
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Redes de colaboración científica: análisis y visualización de patrones de coautoría (Antonio Perianes-Rodríguez, Carlos Olmeda-Gómez y Félix De-Moya-Anegón)
B. Vargas-Quesada

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 60

Abstract
Perianes-Rodríguez,
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How libraries can survive in the new media ecosystem
L. Rainie

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 59

Abstract
The results of studies on changes in the ecosystem of information and communication in the digital age are discussed., including how to use internet and mobile phones to work, play and interact through social networks. This new environment has changed the way libraries and librarians serve their users. The need for libraries to become “nodes” of the social networks of citizens is addressed.
Abstract
The results of studies on changes in the ecosystem of information and communication in the digital age are discussed., including how to use internet and mobile phones to work, [...]
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Document management system in a biomedical research group
M. Romero-Cuevas, F. Reviriego-Barquilla, M. Marín-Martínez, F. Rodríguez-de-Fonseca

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 58

Abstract
In order to systematize the processes and improve the quality of the activities of a biomedical research group, a research, development and innovation (RDI) management system based on the Spanish norm UNE 166002:2006 has been designed and implemented. We describe the experience and results obtained during the selection and adaptation of the OpenKM document management system platform as a useful means for research group management. The usefulness of this type of platform for this purpose is demonstrated, which could be exported to other research groups.
Abstract
In order to systematize the processes and improve the quality of the activities of a biomedical research group, a research, development and innovation (RDI) management system [...]
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Patient education and consumer health: searching for new users
A. Vall, C. Rodríguez-Parada

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 57

Abstract
The development of a legal and regulatory framework to establish the right of citizens to accurate and sufficient information about their own illnesses and health education requires that their information needs be considered from the double perspective of patient education and consumer health. The objective of this article is to show the contribution of librarians in converting to reality this right, based on informational literacy in medical and health information resulting from the optimal use of information resources available in public and medical libraries and the expertise of library professionals.
Abstract
The development of a legal and regulatory framework to establish the right of citizens to accurate and sufficient information about their own illnesses and health education [...]
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Fraudulent information about health on the internet
B. Castelló-Zamora

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 56

Abstract
The transmission of fraudulent or misleading information on health through the internet is a major problem. Librarians must intervene to curb the scourge, using the tools of our profession: the tendency and ability to analyze sources of information, easy access to reliable sources and the obligation to train users. These resources are reasons enough for us to intervene as part of our duty to provide media, evaluation criteria, tutorials, etc. that develop users’ capacity to recognize false information. Some performance measures are proposed and useful web links to verify or evaluate the veracity of certain information are suggested.
Abstract
The transmission of fraudulent or misleading information on health through the internet is a major problem. Librarians must intervene to curb the scourge, using the tools [...]
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Web applications for literature retrieval and analysis from PubMed
L. Michán-Aguirre, R. Claderón-Rojas, A. Nitxin-Castañeda-Sortibrán, R. Rodríguez-Arnáiz

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 55

Abstract
This paper analyzes the Web applications to manage literature in Biomedical Sciences. We identified, examined and described 28 academic utilities that perform automated analysis. They are user-friendly, and altogether provide better search, retrieval, management and metaanalysis (bibliometrics, network analyses and text mining) of PubMed literature in an efficient, automated, updatedand systematized manner that facilitates the simultaneous handling of large quantities of paper records, making it possible for the user to choose the most relevant. All of these initiatives address the needs and challenges of biomedical research in our time.
Abstract
This paper analyzes the Web applications to manage literature in Biomedical Sciences. We identified, examined and described 28 academic utilities that perform automated analysis. [...]
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Search engine positioning of Spanish official websites of provincial capitals on searches of city brand
C. Rovira, J. Fernández-Cavia, R. Pedraza-Jiménez, A. Huertas

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 54

Abstract
Study of ranking in Google and Yahoo of big Spanish municipal corporation websites while searching by city tourist brand. Analysis of whether city tourist brands are promoting properly in the internet. Results of the daily ranking monitoring in Google and Yahoo are shown, for the searches made in 2009 by touristic brands of Spanish provincial capitals. The results show that 66% of official websites are situated after number 40 and, also, that in 46% of the searches made by touristic brands of province capital there is an official website within the top 10 positions. Empirical evidence about the weight of backlinks and keywords for SEO has also been detected.
Abstract
Study of ranking in Google and Yahoo of big Spanish municipal corporation websites while searching by city tourist brand. Analysis of whether city tourist brands are promoting [...]
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Expert and technical activities: old and rare books offer new professional horizons
M. Pedraza-Gracia

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 53

Abstract
The activities of valuation and appraisal of old and rare books are analyzed as a professional service to be provided by experts in the field. First, a general outline is presented on the need of such experts as advisers and intermediaries between the participants in the business of acquiring and selling old and rare documents. An approximation to the status of such an expert is provided, including scope of action, origins and causes, and detailing a typology of the most frequent tasks in which he/she may be involved and a comprehensive procedure for this professional course of activity.
Abstract
The activities of valuation and appraisal of old and rare books are analyzed as a professional service to be provided by experts in the field. First, a general outline is [...]
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User systems in online management of biomedical content
T. González-Pacanowski, P. Medina-Aguerrebere

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 52

Abstract
Public demand for information about health matters has led several organizations to develop custom systems for self-management of medical information. These systems facilitate the management of this information by the public, health care professionals, public institutions, companies and groups of patients. Thanks to new technologies, patients are taking an active role in searching the internet with queries about health-related issues, which gives rise to a debate about the accreditations of web pages that disseminate health information. In this context, Google, with applications such as Google Health, Flu Trends and Android, and Microsoft, with its HealthVault utility, have become the maximum exponents of medical information management software.
Abstract
Public demand for information about health matters has led several organizations to develop custom systems for self-management of medical information. These systems facilitate [...]
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The quality of biomedical academic libraries according to the users
J. López-Gijón, B. Ávila-Fernández, I. Pérez-Gálvez, E. Herrera-Viedma

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 51

Abstract
We analyze the quality of several academic heath libraries in Spain according to the users’ opinions. We obtain these opinions using the tool to evaluate quality of libraries called LibQUAL+.
Abstract
We analyze the quality of several academic heath libraries in Spain according to the users’ opinions. We obtain these opinions using the tool to evaluate quality of libraries [...]
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Information retrieval systems adapted to the biomedical domain
M. Marrero, S. Sánchez-Cuadrado, J. Urbano, J. Morato, J. Moreiro-González

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 50

Abstract
The terminology used in biomedicine has lexical characteristics that have required the elaboration of terminological resources and information retrieval systems with specific functionalities. The main characteristics are the high rates of synonymy and homonymy, due to phenomena such as the proliferation of polysemic acronyms and their interaction with common language. Information retrieval systems in the biomedical domain use techniques oriented to the treatment of these lexical peculiarities. In this paper we review some of these techniques, such as the application of Natural Language Processing (BioNLP), the incorporation of lexical-semantic resources, and the application of Named Entity Recognition (BioNER). Finally, we present the evaluation methods adopted to assess the suitability of these techniques for retrieving biomedical resources.
Abstract
The terminology used in biomedicine has lexical characteristics that have required the elaboration of terminological resources and information retrieval systems with specific [...]
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Ideias, an evaluation model for digital inclusion and information literacy with a focus on health
A. Cuevas-Cerveró, M. García-Moreno

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 49

Abstract
The project objective for Ideias (Digital inclusion and informational education for health) has been to improve the processes of digital inclusion in the Northeast of Brazil through training and technological development. The first results of the project include an evaluation model applied to the Community health agents (ACS) of the state of Sergipe, an entity of great importance in the Universal Health System (SUS) in Brazil. The proposed model involves skills, knowledge and attitudes with an educational interest, which the model mixes and interweaves in topics such as health, education for information, technology training and ethics.
Abstract
The project objective for Ideias (Digital inclusion and informational education for health) has been to improve the processes of digital inclusion in the Northeast of Brazil [...]
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Electronic medical records in Spain
R. Aleixandre-Benavent, A. Ferrer-Sapena, F. Peset

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 48

Abstract
This paper discusses the current state of computerization of health information in Spain, where the priorities include the establishment of an electronic medical record that integrates all information about patients, makes it universally accessible and ensures the ethical use and confidentiality of the information as well as the privacy of individuals. To implement this change, it is imperative to combine the existing information systems of different health areas that perform in isolation. Although the Spanish government has launched an online health project to achieve this goal, there are still difficulties due to the lack of resources and infrastructure and a few barriers between the Spanish autonomous communities that must be overcome.
Abstract
This paper discusses the current state of computerization of health information in Spain, where the priorities include the establishment of an electronic medical record that [...]
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eHealth and knowledge management: new medical care settings for an excellent health system
D. Novillo-Ortiz

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 47

Abstract
The present and the future of health information are based on eHealth and knowledge management. Some aspects of this future were discussed at the High Level Ministerial Conference on eHealth, held in Barcelona in March 2010, where eHealth was seen as a tool for integration in European politics. The problem of access to health information on the internet and knowledge management policies as an effective tool in the improvement of clinical practice and the search for an excellent health system are also analyzed in this article.
Abstract
The present and the future of health information are based on eHealth and knowledge management. Some aspects of this future were discussed at the High Level Ministerial Conference [...]
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Prensa digital y bibliotecas (Ernest Abadal y Javier Guallar)
R. Salaverría

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 46

Abstract
Reseña
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Interview with Lou Rosenfeld
M. Marcos

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 45

Abstract
Louis Rosenfeld, a renowned specialist in information architecture, comments on various topics such as the difference between that discipline and user experience, trends in interfaces, problems when redesigning websites, semantic web, mobile internet, methods of conducting usability studies, need for teamwork, etc.
Abstract
Louis Rosenfeld, a renowned specialist in information architecture, comments on various topics such as the difference between that discipline and user experience, trends in [...]
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Indicators for usage and participation in scientific journals 2.0: the case of PLoS One
Á. Cabezas-Clavijo, D. Torres-Salinas

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 44

Abstract
The new publishing and scientific communication environments have led to the emergence of new Web indicators. Along with usage metrics such as downloads there are many measures that are generated from Science 2.0. Journals published by the Public Library of Science systematically collect many of these new metrics. The objective of this paper is to present some of these new indicators and analyze them quantitatively through the case study of 8945 papers published in the journal PLoS One. The selected indicators were; comments, ratings, number of bookmarks, links from scientific weblogs, downloads views and citations. Basic descriptive statistics indicators and correlations have been calculated for all of them. The results show the low participation of scientists in Web 2.0 and how most of these indicators, except for downloads and visits, are poorly consolidated metrics.
Abstract
The new publishing and scientific communication environments have led to the emergence of new Web indicators. Along with usage metrics such as downloads there are many measures [...]
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The remote usability testing tool Loop11
J. Bustamante

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 43

Abstract
Remote usability testing tools are very valuable and useful in the design and management of usability tests. These tools can help simplify and streamline our processes. We describe the tool “Loop11” in detail and offer comments on what we learned from our experience with it in two usability tests.
Abstract
Remote usability testing tools are very valuable and useful in the design and management of usability tests. These tools can help simplify and streamline our processes. We [...]
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Prototyping software for information architecture: functionality and evaluation
M. Pérez-Montoro, L. Codina

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 42

Abstract
The planning and design of a web site information architecture necessarily involves a prototype proposal for the architectural structure of the informational environment. The aim of this paper is to analyze and evaluate a range of tools that facilitate the development of the wireframes in the design and creation of web sites.
Abstract
The planning and design of a web site information architecture necessarily involves a prototype proposal for the architectural structure of the informational environment. [...]
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Ovid Universal Search, a web solution for accessing e-resources
R. Eíto-Brun

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 41

Abstract
The OvidSP® information service is described. OvidSP offers a unified platform for access to a wide range of information resources (e-journals, e-books, etc.) to professionals in the health-care and medical areas. OvidSP is the result of the evolution of the previous SilverPlatter and Ovid platforms, based on a detailed market research to identify and satisfy the information management needs of the user communities. OvidSP also provides additional information retrieval capabilities by means of Ovid Universal SearchTM , giving simultaneous access to databases from other providers like PubMed, SpringerLink, Ebsco-Host, ScienceDirect, Wiley InterScience, UpToDate, etc., as well as to internal information resources like the library opac, and clinical decision-support tools.
Abstract
The OvidSP® information service is described. OvidSP offers a unified platform for access to a wide range of information resources (e-journals, e-books, etc.) to professionals [...]
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Archival information and organic information: a conceptual analysis of the Brazilian literature
M. Pomím-Valentín, M. Lousada

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 40

Abstract
Information has increasingly become a crucial resource for organizations that want to remain competitive in the market. For this reason, analysis and a correct understanding of informational types that are present in these environments become relevant to achieving the highest levels of performance. The aim of this paper is to review the literature of the concepts of organic and archival information within the organizational context/business environments. This is still an emerging theoretical field and therefore is conducive to intense discussions. We point out elements that help to characterize and distinguish these two types of information.
Abstract
Information has increasingly become a crucial resource for organizations that want to remain competitive in the market. For this reason, analysis and a correct understanding [...]
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New workflows in a digital newsroom: the case of TVE’s informative services
M. Aguilar-Gutiérrez, I. López-de-Solís

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 39

Abstract
The arrival of the digital revolution has modified TVE’s production system, as occurred in other broadcast companies all over the world. This essay offers a view of the daily workflows in a Spanish national television newsroom, and how the work-team manages information used to produce daily news programs. Media librarians are responsible for dealing with the incoming media and creating metadata and locators to facilitate searching/recovery processing and guide the department responsible for media selection and transfer to the digital library. In this digital newsroom, a new professional profile, the media manager, has emerged to manage the production and broadcasting servers. Media librarians who work in these environments must have a broad general knowledge of all the processes involved, as well as the work done by everyone who participates in them and the tools that are used.
Abstract
The arrival of the digital revolution has modified TVE’s production system, as occurred in other broadcast companies all over the world. This essay offers a view of the [...]
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Content management systems on multiplatform production architecture. The case of Televisió de Catalunya
R. Franquet, M. Villa-Montoya

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 38

Abstract
This article examines an software adapted in-house from DeliverTy, a content management system, as a technological system for the multiplatform audiovisual production of the autonomous television network of Catalonia. We analyze the features of this software, discuss the benefits associated with its use, and elaborate on the different phases of digital media production. The study draws conclusions on the contribution of content management systems to information production. Among the advantages that stand out are the simplification of the tasks related to document management and files generation, as well as the simplification of the process to broadcast these contents on new platforms.
Abstract
This article examines an software adapted in-house from DeliverTy, a content management system, as a technological system for the multiplatform audiovisual production of the [...]
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Information architecture, 2005- 2010: literature review and updating
J. Tramullas

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 37

Abstract
This paper reviews the literature on information architecture during the period 2005-2010, analyzing the monographs published on the subject, in order to identify the current state of knowledge in this field, and areas of interest and development.
Abstract
This paper reviews the literature on information architecture during the period 2005-2010, analyzing the monographs published on the subject, in order to identify the current [...]
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Information architecture and web accessibility: the design of linear access to the web
R. Voces-Merayo

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 36

Abstract
Certainly, in recent years there has been a breakthrough in regard to web accessibility: policies and laws have emerged, along with tools, technologies and guidelines for creating accessible content properly. However, despite these efforts, the Web is still largely inaccessible. In this paper we have analyzed the different technical options for implementation of systems of linear access to the websites, systems which greatly facilitate the accessibility and the usability of these pages and are often forgotten by developers.
Abstract
Certainly, in recent years there has been a breakthrough in regard to web accessibility: policies and laws have emerged, along with tools, technologies and guidelines for [...]
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Information architecture for largesized sites
D. Mordecki

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 35

Abstract
We attempt to provide a model of information architecture that serves as a basis for the implementation of web sites of very large and complex organizations that publish a vast and diverse amount of information.
Abstract
We attempt to provide a model of information architecture that serves as a basis for the implementation of web sites of very large and complex organizations that publish a [...]
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Analysis of web-based information architecture using a combination of navigation stress test, usability testing and eye tracking
J. López-Gil, C. Navarro-Molina, R. García, R. Aleixandre-Benavent

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 34

Abstract
Evaluating the Information Architecture in an already deployed website is not an easy task. Most evaluation techniques are focused on examining system usability, but this is not the only factor that influences IA. The main technique that deals with IA in already deployed web environments is the Navigation Stress Test (NST). A new methodology makes this technique more informative by taking NST beyond simple notation on paper. This work proposes the use of NST combined with other usability testing techniques such as Thinking Aloud and a usability questionnaire. Eye tracking also has been used to supplement the information obtained from applied techniques. This new methodology has been tested by analyzing a series of websites belonging to Spanish public university libraries. The results of this study show the validity of the approach used, as well as the value that this approach and the use of Eye tracking bring to the analysis of IA compared to traditional NST.
Abstract
Evaluating the Information Architecture in an already deployed website is not an easy task. Most evaluation techniques are focused on examining system usability, but this [...]
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User behavior in the search engines results page: a study based on the eye tracking technique
M. Marcos, C. González-Caro

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 33

Abstract
A study based on Google and Yahoo! page results using eye tracker technique is presented. Participants (n=58) attempted informational, navigational, transactional or multimedia tasks. Sessions were recorded with an eye tracker to determine whether the intention behind queries affects the way people browse the results page. Eye fixations in title, snippet, url and images were analyzed in the three first organic and sponsored results. In general terms, the results demonstrate that a relationship exists between the users’ intention and their behavior when they browse the results page. Knowing this behavior is important for search engine designers because they can improve their results pages depending on the users’ query intentions.
Abstract
A study based on Google and Yahoo! page results using eye tracker technique is presented. Participants (n=58) attempted informational, navigational, transactional or multimedia [...]
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Towards information architecture 3.0: past, present and future
R. García, F. Botella, M. Marcos

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 32

Abstract
The discipline of information architecture (IA), although present in some way for over 50 years, has taken on special relevance with the advent of the Web and the explosion of the amount of available information. Nowadays, IA has clear pillars based on the managed content but especially on users, without forgetting the context. This article discusses components to combine when developing IA, and a basic methodology is identified. As the amount of information around us is still growing, IA continues to innovate with new forms of organization, more efficient search engines and Semantic Web technologies that let computers take care of the less creative part of coping with the avalanche of information.
Abstract
The discipline of information architecture (IA), although present in some way for over 50 years, has taken on special relevance with the advent of the Web and the explosion [...]
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Information architecture in the web environment
M. Pérez-Montoro

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 31

Abstract
Information architecture (IA), which is based on the classical principles of solid traditional Information Science, was born in the late ‘90. This discipline deals with structuring, organizing and tagging elements of informational environments to facilitate searching and retrieval of information they contain, thereby improving the usefulness and applications of IA. Main systems or structures that build a website’s architectonic anatomy are the organization systems, labeling systems, navigation systems, search systems and controlled vocabularies. Nowadays, the information architecture praxis and design is centered on user needs.
Abstract
Information architecture (IA), which is based on the classical principles of solid traditional Information Science, was born in the late ‘90. This discipline deals with [...]
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Reflections on libraries. Interview with Lluís Anglada
J. Guallar

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 30

Abstract
Interview with Lluís Anglada, director of the Consortium of University Libraries of Catalonia (CBUC). Among other topics, the current and the future situation of libraries, the role of library consortia, the evolution of CBUC and OCLC, and the open access policies are discussed.
Abstract
Interview with Lluís Anglada, director of the Consortium of University Libraries of Catalonia (CBUC). Among other topics, the current and the future situation of libraries, [...]
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Statistics for repositories: a metric system for data on Digital.CSIC
I. Bernal, J. Pernau-Alonso

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 29

Abstract
Open access to information has brought about a multiplication of data that can be used to carry out statistical analysis on the impact of scientific publications, thus paving the way for new metrics models for scholarly communication. In May 2010 institutional repository Digital.CSIC launched a new statistics model to address CSIC structural complexity as well as requests by CSIC libraries to generate statistical reports by centres. Thanks to these newly developed statistics, it will be possible to undertake both internal follow-up activities and external promotional and advocacy efforts which will show cost-benefit relationship at Digital.CSIC more clearly alongside the impact of CSIC science that is openly available through Digital.CSIC. The article explains the architecture behind statistics a la carte developed by Digital.CSIC and needs and challenges that are to be addressed.
Abstract
Open access to information has brought about a multiplication of data that can be used to carry out statistical analysis on the impact of scientific publications, thus paving [...]
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Public library and development
V. Santos

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (5), 28

Abstract
We discuss the role of the library in development, touching on many dimensions, from being a contributor to the educational process to an agent promoting equitable distribution of wealth. Libraries constitute a network that supports both developing and developed countries and assures respect for fairness, the general quality of life for all people and the environment. At present, we see how the society has changed from manufacturing to the provision of services, and later to an economy based on knowledge. Indeed, the knowledge available in documents has followed a long process before arriving at the informative production and consumption that characterize current society.
Abstract
We discuss the role of the library in development, touching on many dimensions, from being a contributor to the educational process to an agent promoting equitable distribution [...]
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Library cooperation at the National Library of Argentina
A. Fernández-Rojo

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 27

Abstract
Does library cooperation become the safeguard of a State that cannot adequately support its institutions or is it an inexhaustible means of professional and organizational enrichment? Undoubtably, cooperation between libraries optimizes resources, which in developing countries are more than scarce. But along with this reality, another one is rediscovered: the force and originality of working in a network. The concept of cooperation between libraries comprises a range of more and less complex variables. Some forms of cooperation require constant feedback to enjoy good health, others only need pre-established agreements that offer a legitimate framework for certain daily activities. The first relies on interpersonal contact, the latter on contractual compliance by participating institutions. The power and creativity of the early networks is discussed, beginning with conceptual questions and then the policies and working arrangements of the National Library of Argentina with respect to cooperation. The genesis of the Library on rails project is presented, with special emphasis on one of the project’s activities: regional meetings of the participating librarians.
Abstract
Does library cooperation become the safeguard of a State that cannot adequately support its institutions or is it an inexhaustible means of professional and organizational [...]
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Argentinian History and Cultural Heritage Health Network
M. Cañete, G. Ferreyra

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 26

Abstract
The Argentine history and cultural heritage health network has as objectives the identification, recovery, preservation, valuation and diffusion of the historical, documentary, cultural, museological and architectural health heritage in Argentina. This is possible due to the virtual health library “history and cultural heritage of health” that is based on technical cooperation to support information sources that are treated as public resources. It is a cooperative network built collectively. The BVS (Health Virtual Library) model opened pathways and demand for “south-south” cooperation with other developing regions through scientific and technical health networks. Librarians, who are in charge of the information management, have the mission to be the historical and cultural heritage custodians. The BVS represents a global and regional strategy to achieve open and egalitarian access to information and scientific knowledge.
Abstract
The Argentine history and cultural heritage health network has as objectives the identification, recovery, preservation, valuation and diffusion of the historical, documentary, [...]
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Cooperate in diversity is possible: experience of the Agreement of University Libraries of Córdoba - Argentina
S. Martín, S. Angelozzi

El profesional de la información (2010). Vol. 19, (4), 25

Abstract
The experience of library cooperation among the universities of Argentina’s Cordoba province is reported. The member institutions, objectives, products and services that are consolidated and those that are in development are described. Finally, the success factors, achievements and difficulties encountered are listed.
Abstract
The experience of library cooperation among the universities of Argentina’s Cordoba province is reported. The member institutions, objectives, products and services that [...]
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