Abstract

The need for remeshing when computing flow problems in domains suffering large deformations has motivated the implementation of a tool that allows the proper transmission of information between finite element meshes. Because the Lagrangian projection of results from one mesh to another is a dissipative method, a new conservative interpolation method has been developed. A series of constraints, such as the conservation of mass or energy, are applied to the interpolated arrays through Lagrange multipliers in an error minimization problem, so that the resulting array satisfies these physical properties while staying as close as possible to the original interpolated values in the L2 norm. Unlike other conservative interpolation methods that require a considerable effort in mesh generation and modification, the proposed formulation is mesh independent and is only based on the physical properties of the field being interpolated. Moreover, the performed corrections are neither coupled with the main calculation nor with the interpolation itself, for which reason the computational cost is very low.

Abstract

This paper studies Indonesia’s climate policy and its transformation in the context of the geopolitical and economic crisis. Indonesia is one of the world's fastest growing economies and a major emitter. Its actions to combat climate change will facilitate achievement of Paris goals globally. In addition, the country is playing an increasing role in developing the tools of global economic governance, including in the field of climate. The purpose of the study is to distinguish the main priorities and directions of Indonesia's climate policy and their transformation. Based on the results of the study, the authors conclude that Indonesia is demonstrating its commitment to the goals of decarbonization, showing its readiness to introduce even the strictest instruments, including carbon pricing. International partners need to support Indonesia's aspirations and efforts as they advance the achievement of the Paris goals. The principle of common and differentiated responsibilities enshrined in the UNFCCC processes takes into account the national context, therefore, given the centrality of coal to the economic development model and the traditionally high share of emissions from land and forest use, Indonesia's strategy and policy can be considered ambitious.

Abstract