Issue 2, 13, 2019

• Regions, innovation systems, and the North-South divide in Italy

  L. Leydesdorff, I. Cucco

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 88

  
  

  Abstract

  Innovation systems are not bound by administrative or political boundaries. Using information theory, we measure innovation-systemness as synergy among size-classes, postal addresses, and technological classes (NACE-codes) of firm-level data collected by Statistics Italy at different scales. Italy is organized in twenty regions, but there is also a traditional divide between the North and the South of the country. At which levels is how much innovation-systemness indicated? The greatest synergy is retrieved by considering the country in terms of Northern and Southern Italy as two sub-systems, with Tuscany included as part of Northern Italy. We suggest that separate innovation strategies could be developed for these two parts of the country. The current focus on regions for innovation policies may to some extent be an artifact of the statistics and EU policies. In terms of sectors, both medium- and high-tech manufacturing (MHTM) and knowledge-intensive services (KIS) are proportionally integrated in the various regions

  Abstract
  Innovation systems are not bound by administrative or political boundaries. Using information theory, we measure innovation-systemness as synergy among size-classes, postal [...]

  • 4
  •  read

• Disruption index depends on length of citation window

  L. Bornmann, A. Tekles

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 76

  
  

  Abstract

  In the context of recent developments in scientometrics to measure novelty or creative potential, Wu, Wang, and Evans (2019) propose a new disruption index that measures the extent to which a publication disrupts the field of science. We calculated the disruption index for some example papers. The analyses of the index values (using our Web of Science in-house database) show that they depend on the citation window (the period of time over which citations are collected).

  Abstract
  In the context of recent developments in scientometrics to measure novelty or creative potential, Wu, Wang, and Evans (2019) propose a new disruption index that measures the [...]

  • 4
  •  read

• Analysis of vaccine and anti-vaccine information on social networks and internet. Visual and emotional patterns of their stimulus

  U. Cuesta-Cambra, L. Martínez-Martínez, J. Niño-González

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 78

  
  

  Abstract

  This research analyzes the flow of information and communication about vaccines and anti-vaccines through the monitoring of issuers, groups, news sites and messages in RRSS. We also investigate its effects on attention, emotion and engagement analyzed with Eye Tracking, GSR and Facial Expression respectively. Results: the flow of communication is unstable, in press and sites and informative and neutral tendency, often with non-professional sources. On RRSS, anti-vaccine Facebook messages and groups are identified and an exploratory mapping of influencers is presented. Analysis of the temporal evolution (years 2015 to 2018) of communicative flows showed a positive evolutions: antivaccine tendencies decrease. Emotional responses and engagement do not show differences between antivaccines and vaccines: this important data is interpreted in the terms of processing by heuristics. Gender differences appeared in the pattern of exploration of the information and the emotion provoked (GSR and Expression).

  Abstract
  This research analyzes the flow of information and communication about vaccines and anti-vaccines through the monitoring of issuers, groups, news sites and messages in RRSS. [...]

  • 3
  •  read

• Dr. Google, what can you tell me about homeopathy? Comparative study of the top10 websites in the United States, United Kingdom, France, Mexico and Spain

  L. Cano-Orón

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 80

  
  

  Abstract

  Users access to Google to find out about health issues is frequent among citizens. This research analyzes the best results of three generic searches on homeopathy, collected in four waves in five countries: Spain, France, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Specifically, the fluctuation of the corpus ranking is studied, and a sample of the ten best-positioned pages in each country is taken to analyze their content (the authorship of the website, the stance of the effectiveness of homeopathy, the presence of controversy and the type of content). The results show that the ranking is stable; that the stance of homeopathy is linked to the state of public opinion in the country; the majority of better-positioned websites being of news published in the media.

  Abstract
  Users access to Google to find out about health issues is frequent among citizens. This research analyzes the best results of three generic searches on homeopathy, collected [...]

  • 5
  •  read

• Journalists view on the evolution of the (metaphorical) ecosystem of communication about health and biomedicine

  G. Revuelta-de-la-Poza

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 82

  
  

  Abstract

  The perception of specialized journalists about the transformations of public communication of health and biomedicine in Spain in the last two decades was analysed. Twenty semi-structured interviews were performed. In the analysis, the metaphorical concept of "ecosystem" has been used. According to the interviewees, the main "environmental" changes have been technological (highlighting the expansion and diversity of online information and the impact of social networks). There is a multiplication and diversification of the "species" of information sources. Within this, specialized sources (researchers and health professionals) and civil associations (patients and consumers) have increased their visibility, but "opportunistic species" have also emerged, such as the promoters of fake-news and pseudotherapies. Despite recognizing that their work "environment" has worsened and perceiving the dependence on clickbait and network positioning as a threat, health journalists value their profession with satisfaction.

  Abstract
  The perception of specialized journalists about the transformations of public communication of health and biomedicine in Spain in the last two decades was analysed. Twenty [...]

  • 2
  •  read

• Privacy paradox in the mobile environment: The influence of the emotions

  F. Sarabia-Sánchez, J. Aguado, I. Martínez-Martínez

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 84

  
  

  Abstract

  The increasing relevance of personal information has sparked a broad debate on privacy issues on the ubiquitous Internet. The so called ‘privacy paradox’ aims to explain through rational decision-making models the contradictions between stated digital privacy concerns and the actual behaviors in mobile platforms. An analysis of the emotions that arise when users know about unauthorized personal data disclosure is proposed. A survey of smartphone users was conducted shortly after the Cambridge Analytica / Facebook scandal took place, in order to analyze the nature and intensity of a user’s emotions in relation to their knowledge of privacy breaches. The results support the paradox of privacy from an emotional perspective: although the reported emotions are intense, there is no relationship between the management that users make of their privacy settings in social networks and mobile applications and the nature and intensity of the emotions reported.

  Abstract
  The increasing relevance of personal information has sparked a broad debate on privacy issues on the ubiquitous Internet. The so called ‘privacy paradox’ aims to explain [...]

  • 4
  •  read

• Between broadcast yourself and broadcast whatever: YouTube’s homepage as a synthesis of its business strategy

  M. De-Aguilera-Moyano, A. Castro-Higueras, J. Pérez-Rufí

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 86

  
  

  Abstract

  YouTube is a company representative of its original context, Web 2.0, that originally positioned itself as an open and collaborative platform to broadcast videos created by all kinds of users; their slogan was, and remains, Broadcast yourself. The acquisition of YouTube by Google introduced it in the search for profit in the framework of OTT (over the top) communication. The YouTube homepage reveals the successive business policies followed by the platform. In this work we analyze the evolution of the unlogged homepage of YouTube Spain between 2009 and 2018. We observe the gradual disappearance of the videos produced by private users and its replacement by those made by professional users (youtubers) and cultural industries. There is a remarkable parallelism between the implementation of business models and the greater or lesser recommendation of video from one kind of user or another.

  Abstract
  YouTube is a company representative of its original context, Web 2.0, that originally positioned itself as an open and collaborative platform to broadcast videos created by [...]

  • 2
  •  read

• Estudio longitudinal sobre el tratamiento de la homeopatía en la prensa digital española (2012-2016)

  V. Roger-Monzó, M. Martí-Sánchez

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 12

  
  

  Abstract

  El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar cómo la prensa digital española aborda las informaciones relativas a la homeopatía. Para llevar a cabo la investigación, se ha desarrollado un análisis de contenido de los artículos publicados sobre homeopatía entre 1 de enero de 2012 y 31 de diciembre de 2016 en los tres diarios digitales de información general y ámbito nacional más leídos: El Mundo, El País y ABC. La búsqueda ha recuperado 115 artículos. Los resultados revelan que la noticia es el género informativo más empleado, prevaleciendo el enfoque de controversia y conflicto como encuadre principal. Se antepone el valor noticia de impacto frente al análisis del fenómeno y de sus riesgos para la salud.

  Abstract
  El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar cómo la prensa digital española aborda las informaciones relativas a la homeopatía. Para llevar a cabo la investigación, se ha desarrollado [...]

  • 4
  •  read

• Additive manufacturing technologies for biomedical engineering applications: Research trends and scientific impact

  E. Zarrabeitia-Bilbao, I. Alvarez-Meaza, R. Rio-Belver, G. Garechana-Anacabe

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 46

  
  

  Abstract

  Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies, technologies that produce three-dimensional parts layer by layer from a material, have the potential to revolutionize the paradigm of manufacturing. Furthermore, in recent years AM technologies have sparked intense interest for developing medical implants, devices and scaffolds. In this context, the main objective of this article is to present an overall view of the trends and the impact of the research carried out in AM technologies for biomedical engineering applications. Therefore, to achieve the main objective, a research trend and scientific impact analysis model has been designed and implemented, which carries out a bibliometric indicator analysis, in general, and a web indicator analysis, in particular. The findings obtained will advance the means of visualizing the state of research in AM for biomedical engineering technologies.

  Abstract
  Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies, technologies that produce three-dimensional parts layer by layer from a material, have the potential to revolutionize the paradigm [...]

  • 2
  •  read

• Active audiences and social discussion on the digital public sphere. Review article

  P. Masip, C. Ruiz-Caballero, J. Suau

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 74

  
  

  Abstract

  In little over a decade, essential concepts in research on communication have become zombie concepts (Beck; Willms, 2004) and are no longer effective for understanding the profound transformation that has taken place with the arrival of the internet. Public sphere, deliberation, audiences, public... the academic literature has oscillated between an initial optimism about the potential for strengthening democracy of communication technologies to a critical scepticism. This text reviews the academic literature with regard to the forms of social deliberation adopted in the context of the media and social networks and its impact on the public sphere.

  Abstract
  In little over a decade, essential concepts in research on communication have become zombie concepts (Beck; Willms, 2004) and are no longer effective for understanding the [...]

  • 4
  •  read

• La información importa: narrativa de las webs de las clínicas de fertilidad en España

  L. Mohammadi

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 44

  
  

  Abstract

  Uno de los hitos más importantes en la tecnología de reproducción asistida es la técnica de preservación del ovocito, la cual permite a las mujeres preservar sus óvulos cuando existe la posibilidad de que pierdan su fertilidad en el futuro. A pesar del estado aún experimental de este procedimiento, las clínicas de fertilidad lo recomiendan ampliamente a mujeres con buena salud que desean posponer la maternidad por razones sociales. Dado que en las webs de las clínicas de fertilidad aparecen numerosas recomendaciones y promociones sobre esta tecnología, parece importante analizar las técnicas de comunicación persuasiva que utilizan a través de internet. Se aplica una metodología mixta de análisis de contenido y análisis de discurso desde la perspectiva de la teoría de los frames. Luego, se realiza un análisis en profundidad del contenido de los webs de las clínicas de fertilidad en España, describiendo sus estrategias de comunicación e información en relación a la preservación de la fertilidad por razones sociales. Los resultados confirman la inconsistencia que existe en la claridad de la información proporcionada por estas webs, dado que la información es estructurada con la intención de atraer a más mujeres a contratar los servicios de congelación de óvulos.

  Abstract
  Uno de los hitos más importantes en la tecnología de reproducción asistida es la técnica de preservación del ovocito, la cual permite a las mujeres preservar sus óvulos [...]

  • 2
  •  read

• Do online support groups influence the well-being of patients with diabetes?

  N. Herrero, L. Mas-Manchón, F. Guerrero-Solé

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 48

  
  

  Abstract

  Diabetes is one of the most challenging long-term diseases (LTD) nowadays. Diabetes is associated with dietary restrictions, medical treatments and a strict life style, and has important emotional implications. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of participating in online support groups (OSG) and participants’ emotional well-being, social support, self-esteem and motivation. An online survey was disseminated in online forums about diabetes, in Spanish (N = 344). Results show that participating in OSGs has a significant influence on the four variables analyzed. However, the direction of this influence depends on participants’ type of diabetes. Participating in OSG is associated with an increase in self-reported social support and motivation for type 2 patients with diabetes, while it is associated with a decrease of both variables for type 1 patients. No differences were observed for emotional well-being and self-esteem. These results have direct implications for both people with type 1 and 2 diabetes and medical professionals in managing online communications more effectively.

  Abstract
  Diabetes is one of the most challenging long-term diseases (LTD) nowadays. Diabetes is associated with dietary restrictions, medical treatments and a strict life style, and [...]

  • 3
  •  read

• Dr. Google, ¿qué me puede decir sobre la homeopatía? Estudio comparativo de las top10 webs en EEUU, Reino Unido, Francia, México y España

  L. Cano-Orón

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 42

  
  

  Abstract

  El acceso de los usuarios a Google para informarse sobre temas de salud es algo común entre la ciudadanía. Esta investigación analiza los mejores resultados de tres búsquedas genéricas sobre homeopatía, recogidos en cuatro oleadas en cinco países: España, Francia, México, Reino Unido y Estados Unidos. En concreto, se estudia la fluctuación del ranking del corpus y se toma una muestra de las 10 páginas mejor posicionadas en cada país para analizar su contenido (la autoría de la web, la valoración de la efectividad de la homeopatía, la presencia de controversia y el tipo de contenido). Los resultados muestran que el ranking es estable; que la valoración de la homeopatía está vinculada al estado de la opinión pública del país; siendo la mayoría de webs que aparecen mejor posicionadas de noticias publicadas en medios de comunicación. 

  Abstract
  El acceso de los usuarios a Google para informarse sobre temas de salud es algo común entre la ciudadanía. Esta investigación analiza los mejores resultados de tres búsquedas [...]

  • 4
  •  read

• Evolución del uso del hipertexto en la prensa española (2002-2016)

  P. Orero, B. Cebrián-Enrique

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 2

  
  

  Abstract

  Se presentan los resultados del análisis de la evolución del uso del hipertexto en la prensa digital española. Dos décadas después de la aparición de las primeras ediciones web de los diarios españoles, se estudia el grado de madurez, los cambios y las tendencias en el empleo de los enlaces semánticos. Para lograr este objetivo, se realiza un análisis empírico longitudinal retrospectivo de la utilización del hipertexto en la práctica profesional entre los años 2002 y 2016 a través de las hemerotecas digitales de seis cabeceras generalistas.  El estudio de periódicos de referencia en la prensa española se complementa con medios de ámbito local, apenas observados en las investigaciones sobre hipertexto hasta ahora realizadas. En total, se examinan 22296 enlaces semánticos que aparecen en 4620 noticias publicadas en portada y se estudian en profundidad los 4830 vínculos incluidos en el cuerpo o relato informativo.

  Abstract
  Se presentan los resultados del análisis de la evolución del uso del hipertexto en la prensa digital española. Dos décadas después de la aparición de las primeras ediciones [...]

  • 2
  •  read

• La salud en el debate online: análisis de comentarios sobre carnes rojas y procesadas y cáncer en el elpais.com

  C. González-Pedraz, A. Pérez-Rodríguez

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 16

  
  

  Abstract

  En Internet, el lector puede participar en la información periodística a través de los comentarios, que se han convertido en una interesante fuente de datos para analizar la opinión de las audiencias sobre la actualidad científica y sanitaria. El presente trabajo realiza un análisis de contenido cuantitativo y cualitativo de un corpus de 2394 comentarios a noticias sobre la relación entre carnes rojas y procesadas y cáncer en elpais.com. Los comentarios no parecen contribuir a una versión más completa del reporte periodístico, sino que el debate se desvirtúa en gran medida hacia otros asuntos. Los comentaristas se basan en su experiencia personal y en estereotipos para rechazar la evidencia científica.

  Abstract
  En Internet, el lector puede participar en la información periodística a través de los comentarios, que se han convertido en una interesante fuente de datos para analizar [...]

  • 2
  •  read

• Entre broadcast yourself y broadcast whatever: la página de inicio de YouTube como síntesis de su estrategia empresarial

  M. De-Aguilera-Moyano, A. Castro-Higueras, J. Pérez-Rufí

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 18

  
  

  Abstract

  YouTube es una empresa representativa de su contexto originario, la web 2.0, posicionándose como plataforma abierta y colaborativa para difundir vídeos de todo tipo de usuario, con el slogan Broadcast yourself. La adquisición de YouTube por Google la introduce en la búsqueda de beneficios en el marco de la comunicación OTT (over the top). La página de inicio de YouTube muestra las sucesivas políticas empresariales de la plataforma. Se analiza la evolución de la página de inicio no logueada de YouTube España entre 2009 y 2018. Se observa la gradual desaparición de los vídeos producidos por usuarios particulares y su sustitución por los vídeos de usuarios profesionalizados (youtubers) y de industrias culturales. Hay un notable paralelismo entre la implementación de modelos de negocio y la mayor o menor recomendación de vídeos de uno u otro tipo.

  Abstract
  YouTube es una empresa representativa de su contexto originario, la web 2.0, posicionándose como plataforma abierta y colaborativa para difundir vídeos de todo tipo de usuario, [...]

  • 3
  •  read

• La supresión de anuncios de contactos sexuales autorregulación, legislación o colaboración institucional

  F. Martínez-Vallvey, A. Mellado-Segado

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 26

  
  

  Abstract

  Las dos principales fuentes de financiación de la prensa son las ventas de ejemplares al público y la venta de espacios publicitarios a los anunciantes. Un tipo específico de publicidad es la denominada “anuncios por palabras”, entre los que se encuentran los anuncios de “contactos sexuales”. En los últimos años su presencia en los diarios de España ha disminuido, a pesar de la falta de códigos éticos que limiten su presencia en las páginas y a que los diferentes gobiernos no han podido acometer una legislación que impida su publicación. El respeto a los derechos humanos de las mujeres, la lucha contra la trata y explotación de ésta obliga a que esta práctica desaparezca, a pesar de la pérdida de ingresos que pueda suponer para una empresa periodística.

  Abstract
  Las dos principales fuentes de financiación de la prensa son las ventas de ejemplares al público y la venta de espacios publicitarios a los anunciantes. Un tipo específico [...]

  • 3
  •  read

• Reputación y comunicación científica: investigadores españoles en el inicio de su carrera

  B. Rodríguez-Bravo, D. Nicholas

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 30

  
  

  Abstract

  The situation of Spanish early career researchers is investigated based on the results obtained from the international project: Early career researchers: The harbingers of change? It is about knowing what are their habits in scientific communication, what role do the developments of Science 2.0 play in their behaviour and to what extent the indicators of evaluation of their activity are decisive in their attitudes and practices. It is concluded that these researchers have the aptitudes and the will to promote change but are hampered by the conservatism of the requirements of evaluation of the scholar communication at the academia.

  Abstract
  The situation of Spanish early career researchers is investigated based on the results obtained from the international project: Early career researchers: The harbingers of [...]

  • 2
  •  read

• Ética en la publicación científica biomédica. Una revisión de las publicaciones retractadas en España.

  G. Marco-Cuenca, J. Salvador-Oliván, R. Arquero-Avilés

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 32

  
  

  Abstract

  El presente estudio identifica las principales causas de retractación de artículos de autores afiliados en España, así como otros factores que ayudan a interpretar este fenómeno en el contexto definido. Se han analizado un total de 132 retractaciones, siendo la primera causa de retractación la fabricación y/o falsificación de datos. También destacan las causas asociadas a imágenes duplicadas o reutilizadas, los errores en los datos y/o procedimientos admitidos y no malintencionados, los artículos duplicados o fragmentados y el plagio. Las retractaciones no son frecuentes y suponen solamente el 0,11% de la producción de autores con afiliación en España. Pero mucho más allá, las retractaciones son un importante mecanismo de corrección y alerta para las publicaciones científicas que asegura la fiabilidad de la literatura médica, su calidad y progreso.

  Abstract
  El presente estudio identifica las principales causas de retractación de artículos de autores afiliados en España, así como otros factores que ayudan a interpretar este [...]

  • 2
  •  read

• Paradoja de la privacidad en el entorno móvil: influencia de las emociones

  F. Sarabia-Sánchez, J. Aguado, I. Martínez-Martínez

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 34

  
  

  Abstract

  The increasing relevance of personal information has sparked a broad debate on privacy issues on the ubiquitous Internet. The so called ‘privacy paradox’ aims to explain through rational decision-making models the contradictions between stated digital privacy concerns and the actual behaviors in mobile platforms. An analysis of the emotions that arise when users know about unauthorized personal data disclosure is proposed. A survey of smartphone users was conducted shortly after the Cambridge Analytica / Facebook scandal took place, in order to analyze the nature and intensity of a user’s emotions in relation to their knowledge of privacy breaches. The results support the paradox of privacy from an emotional perspective: although the reported emotions are intense, there is no relationship between the management that users make of their privacy settings in social networks and mobile applications and the nature and intensity of the emotions reported. 

  Abstract
  The increasing relevance of personal information has sparked a broad debate on privacy issues on the ubiquitous Internet. The so called ‘privacy paradox’ aims to explain [...]

  • 4
  •  read

• Specialty matters. Analysis of health journalists’ coverage about vaccines

  D. Catalán-Matamoros, C. Peñafiel-Saiz

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 36

  
  

  Abstract

  This study examines specific professional patterns among health journalists, and assesses whether these differ from those among generalists in the case of vaccines. 131 articles were analysed from national newspapers in Spain, of which 52% (n=68) were written by specialised health journalists. Content analysis was undertaken to examine the differences in terms of journalistic genre, frames, tone, sources and length of the article. Results revealed key journalistic patterns and confirmed that health journalists perform significantly differently than other authors in terms of journalistic genre, tone, sources and length of the article. Health journalists wrote more features and less opinion articles, from a more neutral perspective, using a wider number of scientific sources, especially those from professional associations and scientific journals. These findings provide insights into the process of health journalism, and identify potential aspects to further develop the profession for the broad dissemination of health news to the public.

  Abstract
  This study examines specific professional patterns among health journalists, and assesses whether these differ from those among generalists in the case of vaccines. 131 articles [...]

  • 2
  •  read

• Diseño de un Plan de Social Media en salud a través de metodología participativa. Evaluación de la experiencia del Hospital Reina Sofía

  M. López-Doblas, O. Pérez-Corral, D. Gómez-Domínguez, A. Danet-Danet

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 38

  
  

  Abstract

  Se presenta una metodología participativa para el diseño del Plan de Social Media (PSM) para organizaciones sanitarias, así como la evaluación de la experiencia en el Hospital Reina Sofía. La metodología de diseño colaborativo y multidisciplinar se desarrolló en cinco fases: identificación de agentes claves; consenso sobre objetivos, públicos, canales y líneas de contenido; análisis y devolución de resultados; diseño de (pre)campaña; elaboración colaborativa del PSM. La evaluación se realizó a través de monitorización de presencia en redes (evaluación cuantitativa de la comunicación externa) y análisis de contenido de entrevistas semiestructuradas al equipo directivo (evaluación cualitativa de la comunicación interna). Los resultados reflejan el impacto positivo en comunicación externa y la satisfacción con la metodología de co-diseño, evidenciando la importancia de la participación profesional y de la interdisciplinariedad, así como del apoyo directivo y de la profesionalización para la planificación de presencia en redes en el ámbito hospitalario.

  Abstract
  Se presenta una metodología participativa para el diseño del Plan de Social Media (PSM) para organizaciones sanitarias, así como la evaluación de la experiencia en el [...]

  • 2
  •  read

• Información de salud: fuentes periodísticas y desafíos profesionales

  M. Saavedra-LLamas, M. Herrero-De-la-Fuente, L. Rodríguez-Fernández, C. Jiménez-Narros

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 40

  
  

  Abstract

  Journalists specialized in health information have changed their work routines because of Internet and social networks. Generating health content allows researchers, physicians and patients to be connected and, in this respect, media play a prescriber role in the society. In this paper, the prevailing precariousness in the media is analyzed in order to see if it affects health information and the specialization of its professionals. This work is based on a qualitative research, using in-depth interviews with health information journalists belonging to 16 Spanish media. The research underscores the priority of certain resources, the need to enable verification processes and to face new professional challenges. This research is part of the Aula Nebrija-MSD Spain of Communication and Health Sciences funded project.

  Abstract
  Journalists specialized in health information have changed their work routines because of Internet and social networks. Generating health content allows researchers, physicians [...]

  • 2
  •  read

• Aplicaciones de la tecnología blockchain en la documentación científica: situación actual y perspectivas

  A. Ferrer-Sapena, E. Sánchez-Pérez

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 50

  
  

  Abstract

  Blockchain technology is being introduced in all areas and procedures of verification, identification and recording of the virtual world. Some of its applications are simple translations of methods that are already being developed in other technical supports, but most of them provide new utilities that can change the technological context of scientific documentation. In this article we present an updated panorama of the initiatives based on blockchain for the management of scientific and technological documentation, highlighting those aspects that make this new technology a differentiated and authentically novel tool. A critical analysis with theoretical and practical considerations on its potential use completes the content of this work.

  Abstract
  Blockchain technology is being introduced in all areas and procedures of verification, identification and recording of the virtual world. Some of its applications are simple [...]

  • 2
  •  read

• Análisis de la Información de vacunas y antivacunas en RRSS e internet y de los patrones visuales y emocionales de estímulos fake vs. real

  U. Cuesta-Cambra, L. Martínez Martínez, J. Niño-González

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 52

  
  

  Abstract

  Este trabajo analiza el flujo de información y comunicación de vacunas y antivacunas mediante la monitorización de emisores, grupos, noticias en sites y mensajes en RRSS. También se investigan sus efectos sobre la atención, la emoción y el engagement analizados con Eye Tracking,  GSR y Facial Expression respectivamente. Resultados: el flujo de comunicación es inestable, en prensa y sites y de carácter informativo y neutro, frecuentemente con fuentes no profesionales. En RRSS se identifican mensajes y grupos de Facebook antivacuna y se presenta un mapping exploratorio de influencers. El análisis de la evolución temporal de los flujos comunicativos (años 2015 al 2018) mostraron evoluciones positivas: disminuye la tendencia antivacunas. Las respuestas emocionales y el engagement no arrojan diferencias entre vacunas-antivacunas: este importante dato se interpreta en términos de procesamiento por heurísticos. Sorprendentemente, aparecieron diferencias de género en el patrón de exploración de la información y emoción provocada (GSR y Expression).

  Abstract
  Este trabajo analiza el flujo de información y comunicación de vacunas y antivacunas mediante la monitorización de emisores, grupos, noticias en sites y mensajes en RRSS. [...]

  • 2
  •  read

• La visión de los periodistas sobre la evolución del ecosistema (metafórico) de la comunicación sobre salud y biomedicina

  G. Revuelta-de-la-Poza

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 54

  
  

  Abstract

  Se analiza la percepción de los periodistas especializados sobre las transformaciones de la comunicación pública de la salud y la biomedicina en España en las dos últimas décadas. Se han realizado 20 entrevistas semiestructuradas. En el análisis se ha utilizado el concepto metafórico de “ecosistema”. Según los entrevistados, los principales cambios “ambientales” han sido tecnológicos (destacan la expansión y diversidad de la información online y los efectos de las redes sociales). Se percibe una multiplicación y diversificación de la “especie-fuentes de información”. Dentro de ésta, han aumentado su visibilidad las fuentes especializadas (investigadores y profesionales sanitarios) y las asociaciones civiles (pacientes y consumidores), pero también emergen “especies oportunistas”, como los promotores de fake-news y de pseudoterapias. Los periodistas de salud, a pesar de reconocer que su “ambiente” laboral ha empeorado y de percibir como amenaza la dependencia respecto al clickbait y al posicionamiento en redes, valoran su profesión con satisfacción.

  Abstract
  Se analiza la percepción de los periodistas especializados sobre las transformaciones de la comunicación pública de la salud y la biomedicina en España en las dos últimas [...]

  • 3
  •  read

• Audiencias activas y discusión social en la esfera pública digital. Artículo de revisión

  P. Masip, C. Ruiz-Caballero, J. Suau

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 70

  
  

  Abstract

  En poco más de una década, conceptos esenciales de la investigación sobre comunicación se han convertido en conceptos zombis (Beck; Willms, 2004) y no son eficaces para comprender la profunda transformación que se ha producido con la irrupción de internet. Esfera pública, deliberación, audiencias, público... La bibliografía académica ha oscilado entre un optimismo inicial sobre las posibilidades de fortalecimiento de la democracia de las tecnologías de la comunicación a un escepticismo crítico. Este texto revisa la bibliografía académica en relación a las formas de deliberación social adoptadas en el contexto de los medios de comunicación y de las redes sociales y su incidencia en la esfera pública.

  Abstract
  En poco más de una década, conceptos esenciales de la investigación sobre comunicación se han convertido en conceptos zombis (Beck; Willms, 2004) y no son eficaces para [...]

  • 3
  •  read

• Retos y perspectivas en el ecosistema de la información biomédica

  G. Casino

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 72

  
  

  Abstract

  The new information flows and the collapse of the journalistic monopoly in the intermediation with the public, have created opportunities and dysfunctions in biomedical information. To the problems of hype and commercialization, those related to the lack of filters and the diffusion of bad science have been added. This article discusses the challenges posed by these problems and the perspectives in academic research, communication and journalism. 

  Abstract
  The new information flows and the collapse of the journalistic monopoly in the intermediation with the public, have created opportunities and dysfunctions in biomedical information. [...]

  • 2
  •  read

• Testimoniales en la publicidad radiofónica de productos relacionados con la salud en España y su regulación (2009-2016)

  S. Perelló-Oliver, C. Muela-Molina, M. Campos-Zabala

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (2), 24

  
  

  Abstract

  The objective of this work is to analyze the nature of testimonials that advertise products with alleged health benefits, the testimonial characteristics and the evolution in Spanish radio. The study of quantitative and multistage nature is based on the content analysis of radio spots from two different time samples: 1,664 spots in 2009 and 3,909 in 2016 which, after the required data filtering process, were reduced to 147 and 122 testimonials, respectively. One of the implications derived from this work is that the public administration should improve the monitoring and control of illicit advertising that involves health-related products. The media itself should implement advertising protocols that include prior review and self-regulation.

  Abstract
  The objective of this work is to analyze the nature of testimonials that advertise products with alleged health benefits, the testimonial characteristics and the evolution [...]

  • 4
  •  read

Issue 1, 13, 2019

• Muchos cambios y algunas certezas para las bibliotecas de investigación, especializadas y centros de documentación

  L. Anglada

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (1), 68

  
  

  Abstract

  It is argued that despite the many changes being experienced by research and specialized libraries, and documentation centers, which cause them doubts about their future, there are some certainties that allow these centers to properly address their activities. It is proposed to distinguish between minor and profound changes and it is affirmed that, for information centers, the fundamental change has been to go from a situation in which information was scarce and the time to look for it abundant, to another in which time to look for information is scarce and information is abundant. This should help redirect the activities of the information centers -following M. Buckland- to stop focusing on the ‘information- as-an-object’ to concentrate on the ‘information-as-a-process’. Two consolidated movements should help them to guide their future: the Open Science and the Digital Humanities. Some information products that reflect a change in the ways people approach and use information are examined: Museo del Prado’s The Collection, Transcribe Bentham, eBird and Mapa Literari Català. Finally, the author recommends to documentation centers, and specialized and research libraries to guide their services to digitize their heritage collections in an enriched manner, to promote citizen participation, and to create and strengthen communities.

  Abstract
  It is argued that despite the many changes being experienced by research and specialized libraries, and documentation centers, which cause them doubts about their future, [...]

  • 2
  •  read

• Digital journalism: 25 years of research. Review article

  R. Salaverría

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (1), 66

  
  

  Abstract

  In 1994, the first web online media outlets were introduced in several countries around the world. Twenty-five years later, digital or online journalism is a confirmed reality and common practice in professional and academic circles. Based on an extensive bibliographic review, this article examines the main areas of academic research related to digital media at the global level in the last quarter of a century. It shows the lines of research on the history of journalism on the Internet, the forms of digital media, their languages and economic challenges. It also reviews the most widespread research theories and methods. The analysis confirms that research on digital journalism is a strong, ongoing discipline, despite the fact that several methodological and thematic challenges will need to be addressed in the next few years.

  Abstract
  In 1994, the first web online media outlets were introduced in several countries around the world. Twenty-five years later, digital or online journalism is a confirmed reality [...]

  • 3
  •  read

• Periodismo digital: 25 años de investigación. Artículo de revisión

  R. Salaverría

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (1), 62

  
  

  Abstract

  In 1994, the first web online media outlets were introduced in several countries around the world. Twenty-five years later, digital or online journalism is a confirmed reality and common practice in professional and academic circles. Based on an extensive bibliographic review, this article examines the main areas of academic research related to digital media at the global level in the last quarter of a century. It shows the lines of research on the history of journalism on the Internet, the forms of digital media, their languages and economic challenges. It also reviews the most widespread research theories and methods. The analysis confirms that research on digital journalism is a strong, ongoing discipline, despite the fact that several methodological and thematic challenges will need to be addressed in the next few years.

  Abstract
  In 1994, the first web online media outlets were introduced in several countries around the world. Twenty-five years later, digital or online journalism is a confirmed reality [...]

  • 3
  •  read

• Off-page SEO and link building: General strategies and authority transfer in the digital news media

  C. Lopezosa, L. Codina, C. Gonzalo-Penela

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (1), 64

  
  

  Abstract

  In recent years, a number of digital news media outlets have begun to include paid links in their content. This study seeks to identify and analyse this content whose sole purpose is to improve the website authority of the advertisers and their search engine rankings. To do so, it employs two basic methodologies: first, it undertakes a systematic review of off-page SEO practices, the digital press and native advertising; and, second, it reports a case study based on the identification and analysis of 150 news items that contain specially commissioned links resulting from a commercial transaction. The study provides evidence of a new revenue stream for the digital news media, one that is not clearly disclosed and which is based on the sale of links. The article includes a discussion of the case study findings, and presents future guidelines for the use of paid links based on the emerging concept of ‘native advertising’.

  Abstract
  In recent years, a number of digital news media outlets have begun to include paid links in their content. This study seeks to identify and analyse this content whose sole [...]

  • 2
  •  read

• SEO off page y construcción de enlaces: estrategias generales y transmisión de autoridad en cibermedios

  C. Lopezosa, L. Codina, C. Gonzalo-Penela

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (1), 4

  
  

  Abstract

  In recent years, a number of digital news media outlets have begun to include paid links in their content. This study seeks to identify and analyse this content whose sole purpose is to improve the website authority of the advertisers and their search engine rankings. To do so, it employs two basic methodologies: first, it undertakes a systematic review of off-page SEO practices, the digital press and native advertising; and, second, it reports a case study based on the identification and analysis of 150 news items that contain specially commissioned links resulting from a commercial transaction. The study provides evidence of a new revenue stream for the digital news media, one that is not clearly disclosed and which is based on the sale of links. The article includes a discussion of the case study findings, and presents future guidelines for the use of paid links based on the emerging concept of ‘native advertising’.

  Abstract
  In recent years, a number of digital news media outlets have begun to include paid links in their content. This study seeks to identify and analyse this content whose sole [...]

  • 2
  •  read

• Del flujo al stock: el programador radiofónico ante la gestión del catálogo digital

  M. Bonet, T. Sellas

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (1), 6

  
  

  Abstract

  Beyond the undoubted revival of the podcast, its presence in the offer of some Spanish radio stations deserves a detailed analysis. This study presents the analysis of this offer, as well as an approach to the challenges and questions behind the production of native podcasts, exclusively for web consumption. People ultimately responsible for radio programming has to deal with the traditional program schedule, in flow, and now has to add the management of a catalog of podcasts. The quantitative analysis is combined with the qualitative analysis through interviews with some of the top managers responsible for deciding how these two complementary radio offers should coexist. Results show that so far podcasts could be defined as a cultural product rather than a product of a cultural industry.

  Abstract
  Beyond the undoubted revival of the podcast, its presence in the offer of some Spanish radio stations deserves a detailed analysis. This study presents the analysis of this [...]

  • 2
  •  read

• Fiscalidad indirecta del libro en Europa: implicaciones y políticas

  M. Magadán-Díaz, J. Rivas-García

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (1), 8

  
  

  Abstract

  The main goal of this study is to determine the role of indirect taxation in the Spanish publishing industry. The work includes: a) a tax treatment comparison of books in Spain with respect to the rest of European countries; b) an evaluation of the options for exemption or reduction of the value added tax (VAT) applied to books; and c) an analysis of book fixed-price policy applied in Europe. The conclusions of this work point, firstly, to the need to harmonize VAT in the EU space; secondly, to reduce tax discrimination between formats and, thirdly, to emphasize that indirect taxation could be converted, if it is not already, in a brake for the development of the digitization of the Spanish publishing industry.

  Abstract
  The main goal of this study is to determine the role of indirect taxation in the Spanish publishing industry. The work includes: a) a tax treatment comparison of books in [...]

  • 3
  •  read

• Producción de ficción televisiva española a partir de la desregulación: entre la atomización de las empresas y la concentración vertical

  C. Lacalle, M. Sánchez-Ares

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (1), 10

  
  

  Abstract

  This article attempts to mitigate the absence of data and empirical research on the different types of production of Spanish television fiction, from the initial predominance of in-house production to the near complete industry wide trend of outsourcing. The sample includes 490 productions aired on national networks between 1990 and 2017 across 234 production houses. The research reveals that more than 60% of independent producers have partaken in only one production, while 10 studios (including the three major national networks) are responsible for more than half of the productions. The analysis highlights the paradoxical nature of a sector whose growing specialization and vertical concentration coexists with the atomization of independent producers.

  Abstract
  This article attempts to mitigate the absence of data and empirical research on the different types of production of Spanish television fiction, from the initial predominance [...]

  • 2
  •  read

• Participación digital del público en la ciencia de excelencia española: análisis de los proyectos financiados por el European Research Council

  L. López-Pérez, M. Olvera-Lobo

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (1), 14

  
  

  Abstract

  How much the excellent science uses web 2.0 tools to encourage public engagement in the research process is analyzed. Understanding participation, from the perspective of responsible research and innovation, not only as the communication of scientific results, but also the involvement of society in scientific development. For the analysis, an ad-hoc questionnaire developed using the Delphi method was designed and validated. The study sample is constituted by Spanish projects financed by the European Research Council in 2015. Among the results obtained, the reduced use of digital applications stands out. In fact, only 23.9% of projects have a website and less than 15% have a social profile. Regarding participation mechanisms, a limited 3% uses web 2.0 to involve citizens. With reference to the characteristics of the communication, it can be concluded that it is unidirectional from the institution responsible for the project to society -97% of the cases- and presents a high level of specialization -in more than 80% of the cases a technical language is used and the messages posted are aimed solely at experts-.

  Abstract
  How much the excellent science uses web 2.0 tools to encourage public engagement in the research process is analyzed. Understanding participation, from the perspective of [...]

  • 3
  •  read

• Sci-Hub, a challenge for academic and research libraries

  L. González-Solar, V. Fernández-Marcial

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (1), 20

  
  

  Abstract

  Sci-Hub breaks into the field of scientific communication in 2011 as a platform for free access to scientific papers. It is the most popular of the so-called shadow libraries, systems that overcome the limits of legal access to scientific publications, standing outside the open access movement. Apart from the media issues that have made it gain popularity, several studies reveal the Sci-Hub impact among researchers, who have accepted this initiative willingly. Sci-Hub has revealed new forms of access to scientific information, affecting academic and research libraries that cannot remain on the sidelines. This study addresses the Sci-Hub phenomenon and its implications for academic and research libraries from different points of view, through a bibliographic review and the analysis of examples of action.

  Abstract
  Sci-Hub breaks into the field of scientific communication in 2011 as a platform for free access to scientific papers. It is the most popular of the so-called shadow libraries, [...]

  • 3
  •  read

• Construcción social de la imagen de una ciudad a través de Instagram: el caso de Granada

  F. Cantón-Correa, J. Alberich-Pascual

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (1), 22

  
  

  Abstract

  Our digital world is increasingly visual. Mobile applications focused on digital photography such as Instagram are vehicles for the creation, manipulation and instant diffusion of images. Instagram is therefore an open window to research in Social Sciences and Digital Humanities, and an opportunity to investigate how young users of this application develop visual culture in their local environments through global visual languages. The present work analyzes the production of Instagram in Granada from a sample of 955.564 publications and 375.758 images published and geolocated over a year (between April 2017 and April 2018), with the aim of showing how the image of a city is socially constructed. The geographical, social network, and content analysis of the study sample has allowed to establish which are the main focal points of visual attraction of the city, as well as the most active neighborhoods and districts; the most relevant members of a user network that is self-constructed in a heterogeneous and open manner, with strong intermediary nodes of an “instagramist” style that connect subcommunities; as well as the widespread use of the application both for business promotion and for the development of individual creativity. All this indicates how the Instagram publications in Granada make visible the importance and incidence of tourism in the city.

  Abstract
  Our digital world is increasingly visual. Mobile applications focused on digital photography such as Instagram are vehicles for the creation, manipulation and instant diffusion [...]

  • 2
  •  read

• Reimagining the academic library: What to do next. Review article

  D. Lewis

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (1), 56

  
  

  Abstract

  This article reviews the conclusions of the author’s 2016 book, Reimagining the academic library and considers changes in scholarly communication and academic libraries that have taken place since its publication. Recommendations for alterations in the practice of individual libraries are provided. The problem of created integrated community-controlled open infrastructure is considered at length, especially the collective action problem that the library community must overcome.

  Abstract
  This article reviews the conclusions of the author’s 2016 book, Reimagining the academic library and considers changes in scholarly communication and academic libraries [...]

  • 3
  •  read

• Scholarly reputation building in the digital age: an activity-specific approach. Review article

  E. Herman, D. Nicholas

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (1), 58

  
  

  Abstract

  Seeking to understand how today's scholars may, indeed should go about building, maintaining and showcasing their professional reputation, the literature review presented here explores the reputational opportunities available to them in the increasingly open-values based, digital and networked environment of Science 2.0. Using a conceptual framework developed with the help of the European Commission and specifically designed for conducting analytical reviews and audits of the reputational value of scholarly activities, this study, examines in some detail the practices –more than 30 of them- that comprise the present-day scientific undertaking from a reputation-accruing angle.

  Abstract
  Seeking to understand how today's scholars may, indeed should go about building, maintaining and showcasing their professional reputation, the literature review presented [...]

  • 2
  •  read

• Semantic enrichment for enhancing LAM data and supporting digital humanities. Review article

  M. Zeng

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (1), 60

  
  

  Abstract

  With the rapid development of the digital humanities (DH) field, demands for historical and cultural heritage data have generated deep interest the data provided by libraries, archives, and museums (LAMs). In order to enhance LAM data’s quality and discoverability while enabling a self-sustaining ecosystem, “semantic enrichment” becomes a strategy increasingly used by LAMs during recent years. This article introduces a number of semantic enrichment methods and efforts that can be applied to LAM data at various levels, aiming to support deeper and wider exploration and use of LAM data in DH research. The real cases, research projects, experiments, and pilot studies shared in this article demonstrate endless potential for LAM data, whether they are structured, semi-structured, or unstructured, regardless of what types of original artifacts carry the data. Following their roadmaps would encourage more effective initiatives and strengthen this effort to maximize LAM data’s discoverability, use- and reuse-ability, and their value in the mainstream of DH and Semantic Web.

  Abstract
  With the rapid development of the digital humanities (DH) field, demands for historical and cultural heritage data have generated deep interest the data provided by libraries, [...]

  • 2
  •  read

• Adopción de redes sociales por revistas científicas de ciencias sociales

  C. Arcila-Calderón, M. Calderín-Cruz, P. Sánchez-Holgado

  El profesional de la información (2019). Vol. 13, (1), 28

  
  

  Abstract

  The expansion of social media forces the communication of science and scientific journals to adapt to this new environment. Previous studies and theoretical models such as Utaut and Utaut2 have proven that there is a relationship between the perception of future performance of technology (performance expectancy), the difficulty of use (effort expectancy) and the social influence to which the individual is subject, on the real use of technology, but there is still scarce research about the mechanisms that cause this effect. Starting with Utaut, the hypothesis is that there is an indirect conditional effect of the performance expectancy, the effort expectancy and social influence, over the actual use of social media in scientific journals, where the effect is driven through the intention of use and the size of the effect is moderated by gender and age. A survey was carried out on 300 editors of the top 20 in Social Sciences of the Google Scholar ranking. Confirming partially Utaut, the results of moderated mediation show that performance expectancy and social influence of editors affect the use of Facebook and Twitter, through the intention to use, but it is not the case of ResearchGate, Academia and LinkedIn. There is not enough evidence about the moderation of age and gender.

  Abstract
  The expansion of social media forces the communication of science and scientific journals to adapt to this new environment. Previous studies and theoretical models such as [...]

  • 2
  •  read