Abstract

Approximations obtained with the equivalent frame method and Beck-Coull method to assess elastic lateral displacement profiles of walls with openings are compared to results obtained with the finite element method using reasonably fine meshes. Multistory walls were studied, considering symmetric and asymmetric distribution of openings with respect to a vertical axis. The contribution of slabs in the lateral stiffness was considered through an equivalent flange as recommended in several building codes. Different stiffnesses are considered for the walls and the slabs. From the obtained results it is confirmed that approximations obtained with the studied methods increase as the number of stories of the wall increases, and that it is reasonable for an equivalent opening eccentricity up to 40%. The contribution of the stiffness of the slab had a small impact for the considered symmetric wall openings, but it was important for walls with asymmetric openings, impacting more the displacements of walls when they are more flexible.

Abstract

Approximations obtained with the equivalent frame method and Beck-Coull method to assess elastic lateral displacement profiles of walls with multiple openings per story are compared to results obtained with the finite element method using reasonably fine meshes. Multistory walls were studied, considering symmetric and asymmetric distribution of two openings per story with respect to a vertical axis. The contribution of slabs in the lateral stiffness was considered through an equivalent flange as recommended in the masonry guidelines of Mexican codes. Different stiffnesses are considered for the walls and the slabs. An updated proposal to define an equivalent opening from multiple openings per story is evaluated. From the obtained results it is confirmed that approximations obtained with the studied methods is improved: a) as multiple openings are more regular and symmetric and, b) as the number of stories of the wall increases in the Beck-Coull method. The contribution of the stiffness of the slab has an important impact for walls with typical door openings, but it is less important for walls with only typical window openings, particularly if multiple window openings are symmetrically disposed.

Abstract

The imminent emergence of 5G networks in the Chilean telecommunications market has made it essential to anticipate the possible imbalances that these could reach when any of the earthquakes that repeatedly strike the country occurs. To do this, a methodology based on conventional linear elastic analysis, both spectral modal and time-history, has been formulated to estimate the induced displacements for two different levels of strong ground movements, based on seismic records obtained in the subduction zone. The results obtained have served to obtain fairly adjusted analytical expressions, formulated from a single system variable, the height of the level, so that they can be used to quickly estimate the lateral displacements of the 5G antennas that will be networked, by personnel who has no training in structural dynamics, but who will be in charge of making the adjustments in the 5G network nodes.