Abstract

A description and presentation of the universal components of information seeking and retrieval systems including query system, search results page, and record (metadata) model. Bibliographic information systems as an environment for bibliographic retrieval systems is considered. The main trends in the recent evolution of user interfaces in the case of academic databases are discussed.

Abstract

The use of models has entered into current practice when developing various types of software product. However, there is a lack of methods able to use the information contained in relevant models concerning human-computer interaction for supporting the design and development of user interfaces. In this paper, we propose a method for using information contained in formally represented task models in order to support the design of interactive applications, with particular attention to those applications where both usability and safety are the main concern. Examples taken from our experience in a case study from the domain of Air Traffic Control are introduced and further discussed to explain how the method can be applied.

Abstract

Even though many aspects of automated driving have not yet become reality, many human factors issues have already been investigated. However, recent discussions revealed common misconceptions in both research and society about vehicle automation and the levels of automation levels. This might be due to the fact that automated driving functions are misnamed (cf. Autopilot) and that vehicles integrate functions at different automation levels (L1 lane keeping assistant, L2/L3 traffic jam assist, L4 valet parking). The user interface is one of the most critical issues in the interaction between humans and vehicles -- and diverging mental models might be a major challenge here. Today's (manual) vehicles are ill-suited for appropriate HMI testing for automated vehicles. Instead, virtual or mixed reality might be a much better playground to test new interaction concepts in an automated driving setting. In this workshop - motivated by the conference theme - we will look into the potential of new digital realities for concepts, visualizations, and experiments in the car, e. g., by replacing all the windows with displays or transferring the entire environment into a VR world. We are further interested in discussing novel forms of interaction (speech, gestures, gaze-based interaction) and information displays to support the driver/passenger.

Abstract

This short paper presents an overview of the approach developed within the MEFISTO project. An important element in the approach is the use of formal models and their integration with other, less formal, techniques. MEFISTO (Modelling, Evaluating and Formalising Interactive Systems using Tasks and interaction Objects) is a European Commission IVth Framework Reactive Long Term Research Esprit project. Its main goal is to investigate how the use of formal techniques can be introduced into the design of interactive safety-critical systems, such as Air Traffic Control applications (ATC). Also important is the evaluation of the design notations, computer support tools and the developed ATC prototypes. This type of application engenders an integrated satisfaction of both usability and safety requirements, as in some circumstances a human error can threaten human life. This means that the design of the interactive ATC environments provided to controllers requires the use of rigorous techniques and systematic methods that allow designers to identify possible problematic situations in advance and help in providing support to the end users. In addition, the use of formal techniques can provide precise documentation and can support representations of design rationale. To make the use of formal models more affordable, in MEFISTO we have paid particular attention to the use of software tools in order to ease their development and analysis, so yielding useful information for the designers in various phases of the design process. However, we are aware that formal techniques cannot cover all the needs in the design cycle. Thus, it is important to understand what other informal techniques should be used and how their integration with formal approaches should be carried out.

Abstract

Cars, trucks and busses are more and more equipped with functions and services that drivers are supposed to operate and understand. The most important developments in this area are the Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and In Vehicle Information Systems (IVIS). In order to make sure that the driver understands and appreciates (comfort) these services and traffic safety is not at risk (distraction, workload), the HMI's (Human Machine Interfaces) of all these functions should be attuned to each other, to the driver, and to the context. For attuning the functions to each other, a HMI platform is needed on which these functions are integrated. For attuning the functions to the driver it is necessary to have knowledge about the momentary state of the driver and of the intentions of the driver at a certain moment. For attuning the functions to the context, it is required to sense the relevant environmental conditions or states. This paper shows that a recent cognitive task load model from process control domain can be applied for the design of adaptive in-car user interfaces. Furthermore, current developments of such interfaces are being discussed. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

Abstract

The digital scholarly edition (DSE) concept is reviewed and discussed, as well as the various denominations used to refer to it. The study investigates the scope of the quality standards set for this type of edition and explores the software available for its publication. The work is completed with an evaluative analysis of a sample of applications, delving into their characteristics, the constraints on the user interfaces to which they give access, and how well they meet the standards. The conclusions confirm the urgent need to critically and systematically evaluate edition software. The gradual development of open and interoperable software stands out as a positive result, based on the coding of texts following the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), which optimizes data reuse and preservation. However, the durability of web interfaces and the sustainability of these digital projects require adequate research infrastructures, for which it is proposed to promote synergies with libraries and traditional publishers, among other mediators. Finally, to advance with the adaptation of publishing models to the digital paradigm, the need for the academic community to agree on DSE display formats is underlined, as well as to undertake user studies that guarantee the adaptation of DSEs to the target audience they address.