Abstract

The changes that have occurred in the use of digital media in the internal and external organizational communication of Spanish companies are analyzed. Through a longitudinal empirical study of 1.089 Spanish companies (606 in 2002 and 483 in 2012), it explores the types of information distributed inside and outside companies, as well as the media used. There is a special focus on whether more electronic media is used or more classic forms such as meetings in person or telephone contact. The study observed a considerable increase in the use of electronic means but, contrary to what might be expected, it also reveals an increased use of in-person modes of communication.

Abstract

Born-digital media is influenced by many factors. This study compares the perceptions of digital and traditional (newspaper, radio, TV, news agencies, etc.) journalists and investigates their perception of threats to their professions. This paper shows data from a national survey (probabilistic, stratified by type of outlet and region) to 390 journalists in Spain between March 2014 and May 2015. Reporters were surveyed about their differing influences (political, economic, organizational, professional routines, and reference groups) in their jobs. Even where there are clear socio-demographic differences, data shows that, except for the influence of reference groups, all journalists hold similar perceptions. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Abstract

Born-digital media is influenced by many factors. This study compares the perceptions of digital and traditional (newspaper, radio, TV, news agencies, etc.) journalists and investigates their perception of threats to their professions. This paper shows data from a national survey (probabilistic, stratified by type of outlet and region) to 390 journalists in Spain between March 2014 and May 2015. Reporters were surveyed about their differing influences (political, economic, organizational, professional routines, and reference groups) in their jobs. Even where there are clear socio-demographic differences, data shows that, except for the influence of reference groups, all journalists hold similar perceptions. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Abstract

Metamedia and value networks are two emerging concepts in the communication area. The first one refers to the computing transformation of media processes and contexts, both in production and use of the media; the second one relates to the system encouraging information flows, knowledge, and communication social relationships. The revolution of metamedia and digital networks is to be seen in the way people use and consume information, as well as organizations and traditional media outlets. They understand the networks –mainly Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube- as the main value providers, as the present study concludes. This work offers the results of the Media management barometer, a survey undertaken at the end of 2015 and administered to 300 Spanish media companies to check their metamedia transformation and the use of digital social networks.

Abstract

Se presenta un análisis cuantitativo y descriptivo de doscientos servicios de vídeo basados en la web con el objetivo de modelar las características de estos nuevos medios audiovisuales y su relación con los usuarios. La convergencia de las características tradicionales de la televisión con las nuevas funciones de los medios se determina mediante un análisis estadístico basado en técnicas de observación. A través de un análisis estadístico se descubren las relaciones entre las variables establecidas y la forma en que moldean la muestra. Los resultados revelan que la comunicación interpersonal adquiere relevancia sólo en casos paradigmáticos, por lo que las opciones de participación son limitadas en términos de experiencia de usuario. Las funciones que permiten opciones para el intercambio interpersonal, así como el contenido generado por el usuario resultó insignificante en nuestra muestra. Por lo tanto, de acuerdo con los datos obtenidos, la interactividad no es una cualidad que defina nuestra muestra de estudio. Las redes de streaming y oferta de vídeo ya están bien consolidadas, siendo la actividad de mayor crecimiento en Internet, pero no tenemos estudios empíricos cuyo objetivo principal sea analizar sistemáticamente las iniciativas de distribución de contenidos audiovisuales en Internet. Se trata de un medio caracterizado por la convergencia de las emisoras y el contenido generado por los usuarios, y las características típicas de los medios tradicionales con las nuevas tecnologías de red. AbstractA quantitative and descriptive analysis of two hundred web-based video services is presented with an aim to shape the characteristics of these new audiovisual media and their relationship with users. The convergence of traditional television features with new media functionalities is determined via a statistical analysis based on observational techniques. Through a statistical analysis we identify the relationships between the established variables and how they shape our sample. Findings reveal that interpersonal communication acquires relevance just as it does in paradigmatic cases, so options for participation are limited in terms of user experience. Functions that allow interpersonal exchange, as well as the user-generated content, were insignificant for our sample. Therefore, according to the data obtained, interactivity is not a quality that defines our study sample. Streaming video and delivery networks are fully consolidated, being the activity of greater growing on the Internet. Currently there are no empirical studies that systematically analyze initiatives regarding the distribution of audiovisual content on the Internet. Audiovisual content is a media that is characterized by the convergence of broadcasters and user-generated content along with the typical features of traditional media and newer network technologies.

Abstract

Disinformation poses a very important and growing risk to our society, either alone or in association with other hybrid threats, which is being addressed at both the international and European Union (EU) as well as national level. Within the EU, a multidisciplinary and cooperative approach has been advocated between all the actors involved, in contrast to the strong regulatory perspective traditionally adopted in the history of European integration within the EU framework. For this reason, together with the inherent limitations imposed by the nature of the right to freedom of expression and information on any possible administrative censorship or criminal punishment, Spain has adopted only one recent regulation (Decree PCM/1030/2020) to establish the Spanish procedure to combat disinformation as required by European directive. Moreover, although fake news cannot be prosecuted directly in Spain outside the scope of crimes against the market and consumers, fake news can include very different types of criminal offence depending on the content and the intention with which it is disseminated. We illustrate these possibilities through some recent judicial decisions on this matter and declarations by the Office of the Attorney-General. It remains to be seen whether this soft approach to combating disinformation will be sufficient to combat this new plague on our contemporary society effectively.