Abstract

The purpose of this study was to highlight the technical and economic issues arising in lithium-ion cells for automotive applications, and to indicate some potential solutions to lower the cost. This topic has already been the subject of some studies, but, although of primary importance, the role on cost of a cell design parameter, the electrode coating thickness, has rarely been described. This study intends to explore particularly the influence of this parameter. To do so, the cost of cells with four positive electrode materials (NMC, NCA, LFP, and LMO), and the same negative electrode material are compared at several electrode thickness. The cost of these cells is computed using an innovative model and varies between 230 and 400 $ per kWh. With the assumptions used, it appears that the potential savings resulting from doubling the electrode coating thickness from 50 to 100 μm at a given porosity represent roughly 25% of the cell cost. The electrode coating thickness emerges as an essential parameter for an unbiased cells cost comparison. This article gives a view of the current lithium-ion cells costs, and provides guidelines to lower cells cost.

Abstract

This paper provides an analysis of car brands positioning on a sample of UEMC university students. The statistical method used was simple correspondence analysis as part of a survey on the sample above mentioned.

The results reveal the structure of the automobile market in all cases where several competing groups depending on the price. We also found significant differences in the midrange segment in both periods analyzed, both in the case of students driving license as in the case of students without such authorization.

Abstract

International audience; Future autonomous vehicles and ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) need real-time audio and video transmission together with control data traac (CDT). Audio/video stream delay analysis has been largely investigated in AVB (Audio Video Bridging) context, but not yet with the presence of the CDT in the new TSN context. In this paper we present a local delay analysis of AVB frames under hierarchical scheduling of credit-based shaping and time-aware shaping on TSN switches. We present the eeects of time aware shaping on AVB traac, how it changes the relative order of transmission of frames leading to bursts and worst case scenarios for lower priority streams. We also show that these bursts are upper-bounded by the Credit-Bases Shaper, hence the worst-case transmissions delay of a given stream is also upper-bounded. We present the analysis to compute the worst case delay for a frame, as well as the feasibility condition necessary for the analysis to be applied. Our methods (analysis and simulation) are applied to an automotive use case, which is deened within the Eurostars RETINA project, and where both control data traac and AVB traac must be guaranteed. CCS CONCEPTS • Computer systems organization →Embedded systems; • Networks →Network reliability;

Abstract

International audience; The use of an Electrical narrow tilting car instead of a large gasoline car should dramatically decrease traffic congestion, pollution and parking problem. The aim of this paper is to give a unique presentation of the geometric modeling issue of a new narrow tilting car. The modeling is based on the modified Denavit Hartenberg geometric description, which is commonly used in Robotics. Also, we describe the special Kinematic of the vehicle and give a method to analyze the tilting mechanism of it. Primarily experimental results on the validation of the geometrical model of a real tilting car are given.

Abstract

International audience; Nowadays, in automotive applications, theelectric vehicle motors generally utilize permanent magnetmotors due to their various advantages like high torque density,high efficiency, compactness and ease of control. In this paperemphasis is given to the evaluation of energy cost index for anEV motor over a particular drive cycle during motorsoperational lifetime. Performance evaluation over the entiredrive cycle, instead of at rated conditions, provides a better ideaof the efficiency and energy consumption of an electric motor.Therefore, energy cost evaluation for the urban part of NewEuropean Driving Cycle i.e. ECE-15 is selected in this study andthe energy cost index is evaluated for an EV motor for virginand recycled magnets utilized in the machine. The comparisonshows that utilizing recycled magnets can provide economicaladvantage over using virgin magnets albeit under certainassumptions. Document type: Conference object

Abstract

research into innovative forms of automated transportation systems gains momentum, it is important that we develop an understanding of the factors that will impact the adoption of these systems. In an effort to address this issue, the European project CityMobil2 is collecting data around large-scale demonstrations of Automated Road Transport Systems (ARTS) in a number of cities across Europe. For these systems to be successful, user acceptance is vital. The current study used the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to investigate the factors which might influence acceptance of ARTS vehicles, which were operational in two locations in Europe. The results indicate that the UTAUT constructs of performance expectancy, effort expectancy and social influence were all useful predictors of behavioural intentions to use ARTS, with performance expectancy having the strongest impact. However, it would appear that other factors are also needed in order for the model to strongly predict behavioural intentions in an automated transport context. Based on these findings, a number of implications for developers and ideas for future research are suggested.

Abstract

The increasing trend for electric mobility adoption brings new challenges to the automotive industry, requiring a new approach to the manufacture processes, materials adopted and adaptation the market needs. The conventional technologies used to manufacture automotive parts imply significant overhead costs (tooling, assembly, etc.) which can only be justified by large series. The need of light and cost effective materials was the driving force of this study, acknowledging that the growth of the electric vehicles market will be driven by price. The study aims to deliver a hybrid design material solution that would offer quality and security to the vehicle, affordable to everyone, developing engineered solutions in terms of design and production process. To the study were considered exterior body panels that are conventionally manufactured by sheet metal stamping or conventional thermoplastic injection, both having associated high investment costs related with tooling. To follow up this case study was defined as constrains that small series should be considered and weight reduction has to be achieved. The adoption of engineered materials leading to hybrid body panel's configuration was studied with increased resistance and reduced weight, using processes with low cost assembly operations and low tooling investment for a start. Structural reinforcement inserts were used on the test case to provide the desired results on the final component behavior. The approach taken considered different materials and methodologies focusing on the use of DCPD RIM components having as baseline the materials used nowadays in the automotive industry for the same type of exterior body panels. For deeper understanding on exterior panels' state of art, an analysis through several vehicle doors was made, analyzing the materials used and their combination. As a result, different combinations of materials were considered as adequate for weight reduction and for production on small production series Virtual simulation of two exterior body panels' solutions was done demonstrating the potential of DCPD as a hybrid solution to deliver structural consistence in conjunction with weigh reduction at a reduced cost. FEDER Funds, through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors - COMPETE under the project 13844. FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia) for PhD scholarship (SFRH / BD / 51119 / 2010) under the scope of the MIT Portugal Program in Engineering Design and Advanced Manufacturing - Leaders for Technical Industries focus area.

Abstract

1st International Mediterranean Science and Engineering Congress (IMSEC) WOS: 000412033800073 In this study, an overview has been presented a classification of the vehicles using hydrogen with different ways. The using of hydrogen in vehicles has been categorized into two main categories as designs in which hydrogen is burned and energy is generated by conversion to electricity. The designs of internal combustion vehicles with using hydrogen via burning, the designs of the fuel cell vehicles that using hydrogen by converting into electricity and their hybrid versions have been introduced. In the automotive industry, the structure and future advantages of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles have been handled in a separate title. Onboard storage, safety, the capital cost and operating cost of the different design of vehicles have been analyzed rigorously. (C) 2017 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Abstract

the desire for deploying automated (“driverless”) vehicles increases, there is a need to understand how they might communicate with other road users in a mixed traffic, urban, setting. In the absence of an active and responsible human controller in the driving seat, who might currently communicate with other road users in uncertain/conflicting situations, in the future, understanding a driverless car’s behaviour and intentions will need to be relayed via easily comprehensible, intuitive and universally intelligible means, perhaps presented externally via new vehicle interfaces. This paper reports on the results of a questionnaire-based study, delivered to 664 participants, recruited during live demonstrations of an Automated Road Transport Systems (ARTS; SAE Level 4), in three European cities. The questionnaire sought the views of pedestrians and cyclists, focussing on whether respondents felt safe interacting with ARTS in shared space, and also what externally presented travel behaviour information from the ARTS was important to them. Results showed that most pedestrians felt safer when the ARTS were travelling in designated lanes, rather than in shared space, and the majority believed they had priority over the ARTS, in the absence of such infrastructure. Regardless of lane demarcations, all respondents highlighted the importance of receiving some communication information about the behaviour of the ARTS, with acknowledgement of their detection by the vehicle being the most important message. There were no clear patterns across the respondents, regarding preference of modality for these external messages, with cultural and infrastructural differences thought to govern responses. Generally, however, conventional signals (lights and beeps) were preferred to text-based messages and spoken words. The results suggest that until these driverless vehicles are able to provide universally comprehensible externally presented information or messages during interaction with other road users, they are likely to contribute to confusing and conflicting interactions between these actors, especially in a shared space setting, which may, therefore, reduce efficient traffic flow.