Trump vs. media. Treatment of the press from the US president’s Twitter account


== Resumen ==

Este artículo examina el tratamiento del presidente Donald Trump en Twitter hacia los medios de comunicación norteamericanos durante sus primeros seis meses de mandato, del 20 de enero al 20 de julio de 2017. A partir de un análisis de contenido de los tweets publicados en su cuenta @realDonaldTrump, se estudian las menciones a los medios y el tono de dichas menciones, y la presencia y el uso de las palabras clave relacionadas con los medios. Asimismo, se analiza el tratamiento de Trump hacia la prensa en relación con el control político y la función del periodismo como perro guardián (watchdog) de la democracia. Como conclusiones principales se constata que Trump, de manera muy simple y directa, elogia a los medios afines y critica a los que según él le son hostiles, a los que muy a menudo califica de fake news. Con ello, Trump sortea el papel mediador de los medios y niega la misión de control del poder político que se les atribuye en los sistemas democráticos.


[https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/EPI/article/view/epi.2018.sep.02/40845 <span style="color:#0645AD; font-weight: bold">Pulsa aquí para acceder a la version PDF</span>]



== Referencias ==

Adams, Amelia; McCorkindale, Tina (2013). “Dialogue and transparency: A content analysis of how the 2012 presidential candidates use Twitter”. Public relations review, v. 39, n. 4, pp. 357-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2013.07.016

Aharony, Noa (2012). “Twitter use by three political leaders: an exploratory analysis”. Online information review, v. 36, n. 4, pp. 587-603. https://doi.org/10.1108/14684521211254086

Ammann, Sky L. (2010). “Why do they tweet? The use of Twitter by U.S. Senate candidates in 2010”. Social science research network, December 15th. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1725477

Bennet, W. Lance; Iyengar, Shanto (2008). “A new era of minimal effects? The changing foundations of political communication”. Journal of communication, v. 58, pp. 707-731. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00410.x

Berger, Peter L.; Luckmann, Thomas (1967). The social construction of reality. A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. London: Penguin books. ISBN: 978 0 140135480 http://perflensburg.se/Berger%20social-construction-of-reality.pdf

Block, Elena; Negrine, Ralph (2017). “The populist communication style: Toward a critical framework”. International journal of communication, v. 11, pp. 178-197. http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/5820

Campos-Domínguez, Eva (2017). “Twitter y la comunicación política”. El profesional de la información, v. 26, n. 5, pp. 785-793. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2017.sep.01

Casero-Ripollés, Andreu (2009). “El control político de la información periodística”. Revista latina de comunicación social, v. 64, pp. 354-366. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-64-2009-828-354-366

Casero-Ripollés, Andreu; Izquierdo-Castillo, Jéssica; Doménech-Fabregat, Hugo (2014). “From watchdog to watched dog: Oversight and pressures between journalists and politicians in the context of mediatization”. Trípodos, v. 34, pp. 23-40. http://www.tripodos.com/index.php/Facultat_Comunicacio_Blanquerna/article/view/164

Casero-Ripollés, Andreu; Sintes-Olivella, Marçal; Franch, Pere (2017). “The populist political communication style in action: Podemos’s issues and functions on Twitter during the 2016 Spanish general election”. American behavioral scientist, v. 61, n. 9, pp. 986-1001. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764217707624

Castells, Manuel (2009). Communication power. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978 0 19 956 701 1

Corbin, Juliet; Strauss, Anselm (1990). “Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, ans evaluative criteria”. Qualitative sociology, v. 13, n. 1, pp. 3-21. http://med-fom-familymed-research.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2012/03/W10-Corbin-and-Strauss-grounded-theory.pdf

Coromina, Òscar (2017). “The struggle for the story in political disputes. The case of the 9N participation process”. El profesional de la información, v. 26, n. 5, pp. 884-893. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2017.sep.10

Chaffee, Steven H.; Metzger, Miriam J. (2001). “The end of mass communication?”. Mass communication and society, v. 4, n. 4, pp. 365-379. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327825MCS0404_3

Enli, Gunn-Sara (2017). “Twitter as arena for the authentic outsider: Exploring the social media campaigns of Trump and Clinton in the 2016 US presidential election”. European journal of communication, v. 32, n. 1, pp. 50-61. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323116682802

Enli, Gunn-Sara; Skogerbø, Eli (2013). “Personalized campaigns in party-centred politics: Twitter and Facebook as arenas for political communication”. Information, communication & society, v. 16, n. 5, pp. 757-774. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2013.782330

Gainous, Jason; Wagner, Kevin M. (2014). Tweeting to power: The social media revolution in American politics. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978 0 19 996507 6

Golbeck, Jennifer; Grimes, Justin M.; Rogers, Anthony (2010). “Twitter use by the U.S. Congress”. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, v. 61, n. 8, pp. 1612-1621. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21344

Graham, Todd; Jackson, Daniel; Broersma, Marcel (2016). “New platform, old habits? Candidates’ use of Twitter during the 2010 British and Dutch general election campaigns”. New media & society, v. 18, n. 5, pp. 765-783. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814546728

Hallin, Daniel C.; Mancini, Paolo (2004). Comparing media systems: Three models of media and politics. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 358 pp. ISBN: 978 0 521543088

Hernández-Santaolalla, Víctor; Rubio-Hernández, María-del-Mar (2017). “Fandom político en Twitter: La Cueva y los partidarios de Alberto Garzón en las elecciones generals españolas de 2015 y 2016”. El profesional de la información, v. 26, n. 5, pp. 838-849. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2017.sep.06

Jackson, Nigel; Lilleker, Darren (2011). “Microblogging, constituency service and impression management: UK MPs and the use of Twitter”. Journal of legislative studies, v. 17, n. 1, pp. 86-105. https://doi.org/10.1080/13572334.2011.545181

Jagers, Jan; Walgrave, Stefaan (2007). “Populism as political communication style: An empirical study of political parties’ discourse in Belgium”. European journal of political research, v. 46, n. 3, pp. 319-345. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00690.x

Jungherr, Andreas (2016). “Twitter use in election campaigns: A systematic literature review”. Journal of information technology & politics, v. 13, n. 1, pp. 72-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2015.1132401

Kahn, Kim-Fridkin; Kenney, Patrick J. (2002). “The slant of the news. How editorial endorsements influence campaign coverage and citizens’ views of candidates”. American political science review, v. 96, n. 2, pp. 381-394. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055402000230

López-García, Guillermo (2017). “Comunicación política y discursos sobre el poder”. El profesional de la información, v. 26, n. 4, pp. 573-578. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2017.jul.01

Miles, Matthew B.; Huberman, A. Michael (1994). Quality data analysis. An expanded sourcebook. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage Publications. ISBN: 978 0 803955400

Newman, Nic; Fletcher, Richard; Kalogeropoulos, Antonis; Levy, David A. L.; Nielsen, Rasmus-Kleis (2018). Reuters Institute. Digital news report 2017. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. Reuters Institute & University of Oxford. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/Digital%20News%20Report%202017%20web_0.pdf

Ott, Brian L. (2017). “The age of Twitter: Donald J. Trump and the politics of debasement”. Critical studies in media communication, v. 34, n. 1, pp. 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295036.2016.1266686

Small, Tamara A. (2011). “What the hashtag? A content analysis of Canadian politics on Twitter”. Information communication & society, v. 14, n. 6, pp. 872-895. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2011.554572

Stolee, Galen; Caton, Steve (2018). “Twitter, Trump and the base: a shift to a new form of presidential talk?”. Signs and society, v. 6, n. 1, pp. 147-165. https://doi.org/10.1086/694755

Sulzberger Jr., Arthur; Baquet, Dean (2016). “To our readers, from the publisher and the executive editor”. The New York Times, November 13th. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/13/us/elections/to-our-readers-from-the-publisher-and-executive-editor.html