I. Sukia, A. Esnaola, J. Aurrekoetxea
Thanks to the wide range of available cores and skins, the design and manufacture of sandwich structures allows for many variations, but conventional manufacturing processes limit design freedom when it comes to geometries. In recent years, interest in sustainable materials, such as plant-based resins and natural fibres, has grown. Furthermore, recent advances in 3D printing have opened up new design possibilities, including the use of biodegradable foams and functionally graded structures. This study presents the development of a 1:6 scale car bonnet, where the skin is made of bio-epoxy resin reinforced with flax fibre and the core is a PLA foam produced via additive manufacturing. Two variants were considered: in the first, the core was distributed homogeneously across the entire bonnet surface, and in the second, it was distributed in areas selected through topological optimisation simulations. As both bonnets have the same mass, the density of the homogeneous bonnet had to be lower. This was achieved by programming different 3D printing parameters. Quasi-static load test results show that the bonnet with the optimised distribution is 25% stiffer. The study's main conclusion is that manufacturing cores using 3D-printed foamed PLA enables a wide range of densities and design possibilities that are not feasible with conventional materials and manufacturing processes.
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Accepted on 30/06/25Submitted on 11/04/25
Licence: Other
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