Documents published in 2019 : Scipedia

A crack-tracking technique for localized damage in quasi-brittle materials
M. Cervera, L. Pelà, R. Clemente, P. Roca

Engineering Fracture Mechanics (2010). Vol. 77 (13), pp. 2431-2450.

Abstract
This work presents a procedure to simulate the growth and propagation of localized tensile cracks on quasi-brittle materials. The so-called smeared damage approach, which consists in standard finite elements and local nonlinear constitutive laws, is recovered and improved in order to represent crack localization and avoid spurious mesh-bias dependence in the discrete problem. This is achieved by means of the implementation of a local crack-tracking algorithm which can reproduce individual (discrete) cracks and ensure objectivity of the finite element problem solution. The performance of the localized damage model is stressed by means of the analyses of structural case-studies. Compared to the Smeared Crack Approach in its original form, the presented procedure shows clearly a better capacity to predict realistic collapse mechanisms. The proposed tracking technique is relatively inexpensive.
Abstract
This work presents a procedure to simulate the growth and propagation of localized tensile cracks on quasi-brittle materials. The so-called smeared damage approach, which [...]
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Size effect and localization in J2 plasticity
M. Cervera, M. Chiumenti

Int. J. Solids and Structures (2009). Vol. 46 (17), pp. 3301-3312.

Abstract
This paper studies the phenomenon of structural size effect and strain localization in J2 plasticity. Size effect is here understood as the change in the response of a given structure when the spatial dimensions are scaled up or down while the geometry and other relevant properties of the structure are preserved. The work exploits the advantages of the mixed displacement–pressure formulation in incompressible or quasi-incompressible situations. Elasto-J2-plastic constitutive behaviour with regularized softening is considered. Stability issues are discussed to ensure existence and uniqueness of the solution of the corresponding discrete finite element formulation. Numerical examples show that the formulation derived is able to solve a wide range of structural scales, including real life engineering applications. The results obtained do not suffer from spurious mesh dependence. Furthermore, the formulation includes the classical theories of perfect plasticity and linear fracture mechanics as limit cases.
Abstract
This paper studies the phenomenon of structural size effect and strain localization in J2 plasticity. Size effect is here understood as the change in the response of a given [...]
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On the Numerical modeling of the thermomechanical contact for metal casting analysis
M. Chiumenti, C. Agelet de Saracibar, M. Cervera

J. Heat Transfer (2008). Vol. 130 (6), 10 pp.

Abstract
The paper shows the intrinsic difficulties found in the numerical simulation of industrial casting processes using finite element (FE) analysis. Up until now, uncoupled pure thermal simulations have been mostly considered to model solidification and cooling phenomena. However, a fully coupled thermomechanical analysis provides a more complete insight of the casting process and the final outcome regarding the quality of the part. In this type of analysis, the thermomechanical model used plays a role of paramount importance, as the problem is coupled both ways through contact between part and mould. The paper presents the full statement of the problem regarding contact, and it considers the difficulties associated with FE mesh generation and time integration strategy. It also reviews soft and hard algorithms for mechanical contact presenting some new alternatives. Evaluation of coefficients used for thermal contact is also discussed, and a new proposal is presented. Finally, some numerical applications are presented to assess the performance of the proposed strategies both in benchmark and industrial problems.
Abstract
The paper shows the intrinsic difficulties found in the numerical simulation of industrial casting processes using finite element (FE) analysis. Up until now, uncoupled pure [...]
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Current Developments on the Coupled Thermomechanical Computational Modeling of Metal Casting Processes
C. Agelet de Saracibar, M. Chiumenti, M. Cervera

Computer Methods in Material Science (2006). Vol. 6 (1-2), pp. 15-25

Abstract
In this paper, current developments on the coupled thermomechanical computational simulation of metal casting processes are presented A thermodynamically consistent constitutive material model is derived from a thermoviscoplastic free energy function. A continuous transition between the initial fluid-like and the final solid-like is modeled by considering a J2 thermoviscoplastic model. Thus, an thermoelastoviscoplastic model, suitable for the solid-like phase, degenerates into a pure thermoviscous model, suitable for the liquid-like phase, according to the evolution of the solid fraction function. A thermomechanical contact model, taking into account the insulated effects of the air-gap due to thermal shrinkage of the part during solidification and cooling, is introduced. A fractional step method, arising from an operator split of the governing differential equations, is considered to solve the coupled problem using a staggered scheme. Within a finite element setting, using low-order interpolation elements, a multiscale stabilization technique is introduced as a convenient framework to overcome the Babuska-Brezzi condition and avoid volumetric locking and pressure instabilities arising in incompressible or quasi-incompressible problems. Computational simulation of industrial castings show the good performance of the model.
Abstract
In this paper, current developments on the coupled thermomechanical computational simulation of metal casting processes are presented A thermodynamically consistent constitutive [...]
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Smeared crack approach: back to the original track
M. Cervera, M. Chiumenti

Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech. (2006). Vol. 30 (12), pp. 1173-1199.

Abstract
This paper briefly reviews the formulations used over the last 40 years for the solution of problems involving tensile cracking, with both the discrete and the smeared crack approaches. The paper focuses on the smeared approach, identifying as its main drawbacks the observed mesh‐size and mesh‐bias spurious dependence when the method is applied ‘straightly’. A simple isotropic local damage constitutive model is considered, and the (exponential) softening modulus is regularized according to the material fracture energy and the element size. The continuum and discrete mechanical problems corresponding to both the weak discontinuity (smeared cracks) and the strong discontinuity (discrete cracks) approaches are analysed and the question of propagation of the strain localization band (crack) is identified as the main difficulty to be overcome in the numerical procedure. A tracking technique is used to ensure stability of the solution, attaining the necessary convergence properties of the corresponding discrete finite element formulation. Numerical examples show that the formulation derived is stable and remarkably robust. As a consequence, the results obtained do not suffer from spurious mesh‐size or mesh‐bias dependence, comparing very favourably with those obtained with other fracture and continuum mechanics approaches.
Abstract
This paper briefly reviews the formulations used over the last 40 years for the solution of problems involving tensile cracking, with both the discrete and the smeared crack [...]
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Fuerzas sísmicas en lo países bolivarianos
R. Aguiar

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (2000). MIS42, ISBN: 84-89925-74-7

Abstract
Se muestran las normativas en Venezuela, Colombia , Ecuador y Perú, en lo referente a las acciones sísmicas de diseño.
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Modelos de vulnerabilidad sísmica de puentes basado en "conjuntos difusos"
E. Maldonado, J. Casas, J. Canas

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (2000). MIS40, ISBN: 84-84-89925-62-3

Abstract
En este trabajo se presenta un modelo rápido y sencillo de evaluación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de puentes a escala regional. El modelo fue estructurado de forma que puede ser aplicado especialmente a zonas donde no se cuenta con reportes de daños sísmicos de puentes. El método se basa en la identificación de las características más relevantes e influyentes en el daño que sufrirá un puente bajo la acción del sismo. La valoración de estas características fue realizada mediante la determinación de diecinueve (19) parámetros, a los cuales se les asignó un grado de vulnerabilidad y un valor de importancia en base a la opinión de expertos. Debido a las impresiciones y subjetividad de las opiniones, estas fueron procesadas mediante técnicas difusas. Una vez calificados cada uno de los parámetros, se procedió a relacionar las calificaciones de los parámetros con su valor de importancia por medio de un promedio ponderando difuso. El resultado de esta relación por medio de técnicas basadas en la lógica difusa corresponde al “índice de vulnerabilidad del puente”.
Abstract
En este trabajo se presenta un modelo rápido y sencillo de evaluación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de puentes a escala regional. El modelo fue estructurado [...]
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Utilización de los conjuntos difusos en modelos de vulnerabilidad sísmica
E. Maldonado, J. Casas, J. Canas

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering (CIMNE) (2019). 26

Abstract
En este trabajo de presentan las bases teóricas de los conjuntos difusos necesarias para desarrollar un modelo de vulnerabilidad sísmica basado en opinión de expertos. Para ello, en una primera parte, se estudian los conceptos fundamentales como la definición de conjunto difuso, el concepto de función de pertenencia, el concepto de variable lingüística y las operaciones aritméticas. En la segunda parte, se presentan ejemplos de modelos de vulnerabilidad sísmica desarrollados en base a opinión de expertos, siendo el primero de ellos un claro ejemplo de la utilización de la teoría difusa para el tratamiento de las opiniones.
Abstract
En este trabajo de presentan las bases teóricas de los conjuntos difusos necesarias para desarrollar un modelo de vulnerabilidad sísmica basado en opinión [...]
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Dinámica de estructuras. Aplicaciones a la ingeniería sísmica
J. Hurtado

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (2000). MIS38, ISBN: 84-89925-59-3

Abstract
El presente trabajo está concebido solamente como una introducción al tema que no obstante reúne de manera directa y suficiente los conocimientos requeridos en la práctica usual del diseño de edificaciones, en especial para el caso sísmico. Se han incluido varios programas de cálculo escritos en lenguaje MATLAB, los cuales son utilizados para la solución del ejemplo
Abstract
El presente trabajo está concebido solamente como una introducción al tema que no obstante reúne de manera directa y suficiente los conocimientos [...]
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Estimación de efectos locales con movimientos sísmicos y microtemblores
V. Giraldo, A. Alfaro, L. Pujades, J. Canas

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering (CIMNE) (2019). 24

Abstract
Se presenta una visión amplia de la utilización de registros de movimiento sísmicos fuertes, movimientos sísmicos débiles y microtemblores para la evaluación de efectos locales. La revisión del estado del arte enfatiza en el análisis de microtemblores debido a la facilidad de la obtención de los registros en cualquier sitio.
Abstract
Se presenta una visión amplia de la utilización de registros de movimiento sísmicos fuertes, movimientos sísmicos débiles y microtemblores [...]
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Plasticidad y fractura en estructuras aporticadas
J. Flórez-López

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1999). MIS35, ISBN: 84-89925-46-1

Abstract
En esta monografía se presenta una teoría general de pórticos planos, que incluye desde el modelo elástico lineal tradicional hasta una mecánica de la fractura para estructuras aporticadas. A diferencia de los textos tradicionales de la teoría de estructuras, se hace énfasis en los aspectos no lineales e inelásticos del problema, específicamente en el problema del daño y fractura en estructuras aporticadas.
Abstract
En esta monografía se presenta una teoría general de pórticos planos, que incluye desde el modelo elástico lineal tradicional hasta una mecánica [...]
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Earthquake simulator testing of a steel model seismically protected with friction energy dissipators
D. Foti, J. Canas

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1999). MIS34, ISBN: 84-89925-40-2

Abstract
In this research the study of an experimental reduced scale stell model of a medium-rise building structure is presented. The model was dynamically protected with energy dissipators installed on rigidization diagonals. These devices are passive control elements able to reduce the earthquake forces in buildings. The energy dissipators utilized in the experimental tests principally involve the steel-steel friction to dissipate energy and to lower the seismic response. When the structure undergoes interstory drifts the devices dissipate energy increasing the damping of the structure.
Abstract
In this research the study of an experimental reduced scale stell model of a medium-rise building structure is presented. The model was dynamically protected with energy dissipators [...]
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Modelación estocástica de la acción sísmica
J. Hurtado

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1999). MIS33, ISBN: 84-89925-34-8

Abstract
En este trabajo se desarrolla la estimación de un modelo estocástico de la variación temporal de las ondas sísmicas para la ciudad de Manizales (Colombia) con base en los registros obtenidos allí en años recientes
Abstract
En este trabajo se desarrolla la estimación de un modelo estocástico de la variación temporal de las ondas sísmicas para la ciudad de Manizales [...]
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Modeling material failure in concrete structures under cyclic actions
R. Faria, M. Cervera, J. Oliver

Journal of Structural Engineering (2004). 130 (12), pp. 1997-2005.

Abstract
A constitutive model devised for the analysis of concrete structures, and suitable for generic two- or three-dimensional applications, is presented and validated. For plain concrete a tension-compression distinguishing stress split is performed, and two scalar damage variables account for the degradation induced by the tensile and compressive stress components. As outcomes the model reproduces the stiffness recovery upon load reversal, and it captures the strength enhancement under multiaxial compression. Besides, the simple formulation as well as the extremely reduced number of parameters involved in the concrete model makes it quite suitable for the analysis of real structures, and constitutes a useful design tool. As regards to the nonlinear performance of the steel reinforcement, the explicit Giuffrè–Menegotto–Pinto model is adopted. Efficiency of the global model is illustrated via two seismic applications: one concerning an arch dam, and the other a six-floor reinforced concrete wall. The latter application is presented for validation purposes.
Abstract
A constitutive model devised for the analysis of concrete structures, and suitable for generic two- or three-dimensional applications, is presented and validated. For plain [...]
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Vulnerabilidad sísmica de hospitales. Fundamentos para ingenieros y arquitectos
O. Cardona

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1999). MIS32, ISBN: 84-89925-33-X

Abstract
El propósito de esta monografía es informar a las personas involucradas en la planeación, operación, manejo y diseño de servicios de salud a cerca de los efectos que pueden sufrir los hospitales por la ocurrencia de movimientos sísmicos, con el fin de suministrar una herramienta útil que les permita incorporar los procedimientos de mitigación del riesgo, tanto en la inspección de las instalaciones existentes como en el diseño y construcción de nuevas edificaciones y servicios. El documento trata temas específicos relacionados con los problemas potenciales que se pueden generar en el caso de la ocurrencia de un sísmo e, igualmente, hace referencia a las medidas que se deben tomar para la mitigación, haciendo especial énfasis en los requisitos necesarios para que las instalaciones puedan mantener su función durante e inmediatamente después de un evento intenso. No obstante que las instalaciones de la salud pueden ser afectadas por un amplio espectro de fenómenos naturales como sismos, huracanes, deslizamientos, erupciones volcánicas, inundaciones, etc., o de origen antrópico, como incendios, explosiones, escapes de gas, entre otros, este documento hace énfasis en el problema sísmico, dado que es el fenómeno natural que más ha afectado las instalaciones de la salud y debido a que si se logra reducir sus efectos directos e indirectos, prácticamente se está reduciendo el riesgo que pueden causar otros fenómenos, cuya acción es normalmente menos que la de los sismos.
Abstract
El propósito de esta monografía es informar a las personas involucradas en la planeación, operación, manejo y diseño de servicios de salud [...]
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A stabilized formulation for incompressible plasticity using linear triangles and tetrahedra
M. Chiumenti, Q. Valverde, C. Agelet de Saracibar, M. Cervera

International Journal of Plasticity (2004). 20 (8-9), pp. 1487-1504

Abstract
In this paper, a stabilized finite element method to deal with incompressibility in solid mechanics is presented. Both elastic and J2-plastic constitutive behavior have been considered. A mixed formulation involving pressure and displacement fields is used and a continuous linear interpolation is considered for both fields. To circumvent the Babuška–Brezzi condition a stabilization technique based on the orthogonal sub-scale method is introduced. The main advantage of the method is the possibility of using linear triangular or tetrahedral finite elements, which are easy to generate for real industrial applications. Results are compared with standard Galerkin and Q1P0 mixed formulations in either elastic or elasto-plastic incompressible problems.
Abstract
In this paper, a stabilized finite element method to deal with incompressibility in solid mechanics is presented. Both elastic and J2-plastic constitutive behavior have been [...]
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Softening, localization and stabilization: capture of discontinuous solutions in J2 plasticity
M. Cervera, M. Chiumenti, C. Agelet de Saracibar

Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech. (2004). 28 (5), pp. 373-393.

Abstract
This paper exploits the concept of stabilization techniques to improve the behaviour of mixed linear/linear simplicial elements (triangles and tetrahedra) in incompressible or nearly incompressible situations. Elasto‐J2‐plastic constitutive behaviour has been considered with linear and exponential softening. Two different stabilization methods are used to attain global stability of the corresponding discrete finite element formulation. Implementation and computational aspects are also discussed, showing that a robust application of the proposed formulation is feasible. Numerical examples show that the formulation derived is free of volumetric locking and spurious oscillations of the pressure. The results obtained do not suffer from spurious mesh‐size or mesh‐bias dependence, comparing very favourably with those obtained with the standard, non‐stabilized, approaches.
Abstract
This paper exploits the concept of stabilization techniques to improve the behaviour of mixed linear/linear simplicial elements (triangles and tetrahedra) in incompressible [...]
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Avaliação do comportamento sísmico de barragens de betão
R. Faria

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1998). MIS31, ISBN: 84-89925-28-3

Abstract
This monograph is devoted to the numerical evaluation of the seismic performance of concrete dams, with a particular emphasis on arch typology, here represented by the portuguese Alto Lindoso and Foz Côa dams. Koyna gravity dam, located in Indica, is also studied.
Abstract
This monograph is devoted to the numerical evaluation of the seismic performance of concrete dams, with a particular emphasis on arch typology, here represented by the portuguese [...]
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Numerical modelling of concrete curing, regarding hydration and temperature phenomena
M. Cervera, R. Faria, T. Prato, J. Oliver

Computers and Structures (2002). Vol. 80 (18–19), pp. 1511-1521

Abstract
A numerical model that accounts for the hydration and aging phenomena during the early ages of concrete curing is presented in a format suitable for a finite element implementation. Assuming the percolation of water through the hydrates already formed as the dominant mechanism of cement hydration, the model adopts an internal variable called hydration degree, whose evolution law is easily calibrated and allows an accurate prediction of the hydration heat production. Compressive strength evolution is related to the aging degree, a concept that accounts for the influences of the hydration and curing temperature on the final mechanical properties of concrete. The model capabilities are illustrated by means of a wide set of experimental tests involving ordinary and high performance concretes, and through the simulation of the concrete curing on a viaduct deck of the Öresund Link.
Abstract
A numerical model that accounts for the hydration and aging phenomena during the early ages of concrete curing is presented in a format suitable for a finite element implementation. [...]
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Acciones para el diseño sísmico de estructuras
R. Aguiar

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1998). MIS30, ISBN: 84-89925-27-5

Abstract
Se presenta la metodología de cálculo para evaluar la peligrosidad sísmica a nivel regional orientada al diseño sísmico de estructuras. Las diferentes etapas de evaluación se describen en forma crítica con la presentación de resultados encontrados en diferentes zonas del mundo.
Abstract
Se presenta la metodología de cálculo para evaluar la peligrosidad sísmica a nivel regional orientada al diseño sísmico de estructuras. [...]
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On the constitutive modeling of coupled thermomechanical phase-change problems
C. Agelet de Saracibar, M. Cervera, M. Chiumenti

International Journal of Plasticity (2001). 17 (12), pp. 1565-1622.

Abstract
This paper deals with a thermodynamically consistent numerical formulation for coupled thermoplastic problems including phase-change phenomena and frictional contact. The final goal is to get an accurate, efficient and robust numerical model, able for the numerical simulation of industrial solidification processes. Some of the current issues addressed in the paper are the following. A fractional step method arising from an operator split of the governing differential equations has been used to solve the nonlinear coupled system of equations, leading to a staggered product formula solution algorithm. Nonlinear stability issues are discussed and isentropic and isothermal operator splits are formulated. Within the isentropic split, a strong operator split design constraint is introduced, by requiring that the elastic and plastic entropy, as well as the phase-change induced elastic entropy due to the latent heat, remain fixed in the mechanical problem. The formulation of the model has been consistently derived within a thermodynamic framework. All the material properties have been considered to be temperature dependent. The constitutive behavior has been defined by a thermoviscous/elastoplastic free energy function, including a thermal multiphase change contribution. Plastic response has been modeled by a J2 temperature dependent model, including plastic hardening and thermal softening. The constitutive model proposed accounts for a continuous transition between the initial liquid state, the intermediate mushy state and the final solid state taking place in a solidification process. In particular, a pure viscous deviatoric model has been used at the initial fluid-like state. A thermomecanical contact model, including a frictional hardening and temperature dependent coupled potential, is derived within a fully consistent thermodinamical theory. The numerical model has been implemented into the computational finite element code COMET developed by the authors. Numerical simulations of solidification processes show the good performance of the computational model developed.
Abstract
This paper deals with a thermodynamically consistent numerical formulation for coupled thermoplastic problems including phase-change phenomena and frictional contact. The [...]
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Simulation of Construction of RCC Dams. II: Stress and Damage
M. Cervera, T. Prato, J. Oliver

Journal of Structural Engineering (2000). 126 (9), pp. 1062-1068

Abstract
The increasing number of roller compacted concrete (RCC) dams being built around the world demands accurate methodologies for the realistic short- and long-term evaluations of the risk of thermally induced cracking in these constructions. In this work a numerical procedure for the simulation of the construction process of RCC dams is presented. It takes into account the more relevant features of the behavior of concrete at early ages, such as hydration, aging, creep, and damage. A 2D model of the Urugua-;aaı RCC Dam, built in Argentina, is used to perform the corresponding analyses. In this second part of the paper, the mechanical aspects of the simulation are presented; long-term effects are included by incorporating a creep model that naturally accounts for the aging effects, and the risk of tensile damage is also considered. The methodology determines the stress field inside the dam at any time during the construction and in the following years. Results for the reference case assess the suitability of the adopted design. This is compared to alternative studies considering different construction schedules to conclude that for these cases changes should be introduced in the dam design.
Abstract
The increasing number of roller compacted concrete (RCC) dams being built around the world demands accurate methodologies for the realistic short- and long-term evaluations [...]
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Simulation of Construction of RCC Dams. I: Temperature and Aging
M. Cervera, J. Oliver, T. Prato

Journal of Structural Engineering (2000). 126 (9), pp. 1053-1060

Abstract
The increasing number of roller compacted concrete (RCC) dams being built around the world demands accurate methodologies for the realistic short- and long-term evaluations of the risk of thermally induced cracking in these constructions. In this work a numerical procedure for the simulation of the construction process of RCC dams is presented. It takes into account the more relevant features of the behavior of concrete at early ages, such as hydration, aging, creep, and damage. A 2D model of the Urugua-í RCC Dam, built in Argentina, is used to perform the corresponding analyses. In this first part only the thermochemical aspects of the simulation of the construction process are presented. The temperature distribution and evolution inside the dam are obtained before and after the completion of the dam. The evolution of the compressive and tensile strengths and elastic moduli and their final distribution inside the dam can also be predicted. Results from 2D and simplified vertical 1D models are compared to assess the validity of the latter, and several parametric studies are carried out. The simulation and discussion of the mechanical aspects of the construction process are relegated to a companion paper that follows.
Abstract
The increasing number of roller compacted concrete (RCC) dams being built around the world demands accurate methodologies for the realistic short- and long-term evaluations [...]
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Metodologias para o cálculo sísmico não-linear de barragens de betão
R. Faria

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1998). MIS29, ISBN: 84-89925-25-9

Abstract
In this monograph the basic methodologies for the non-linear seismic analysis of concrete dams are presented. The Finite Element Method is used to discretize the dam-foundation-reservoir ensemble, whereas the dynamic equations will be solved in the time domain according to implicit integration schemes, namely the Newmark method and the Hilber-Hughes-Taylor alpha method. For the non-linear problem a predictor multicorrector algorithm is adopted. In view of the large scale computations inherent to dam analysis, a constitutive damage model for massive concrete is briefly presented. Attention is devoted to the numerical noire which arises from direct time integration, and to its control through the algorithmic dissipation provied by the alpha method, or by a s stiffness proportional damping matrix which is updated to account for material degradation. Special care is devoted to the simulation of the reservoir. Numerical modelling of the hydrodynamic effect is discussed in detail, either by means of pressure or displacement formulations, or even through the technique of the added masses form Westergaard.
Abstract
In this monograph the basic methodologies for the non-linear seismic analysis of concrete dams are presented. The Finite Element Method is used to discretize the dam-foundation-reservoir [...]
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Estudio de parámetros en la vulnerabilidad sísmica de puentes
E. Maldonado, J. Canas, J. Casas

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering (CIMNE) (2019). 16

Abstract
Como una primera aproximación al desarrollo del análisis de vulnerabilidad sísmica de puentes, hemos llevado a cabo el presente estudio del estado del arte acerca de este tema. El objetivo final fue tener un resumen de las metodolosgías existentes, tal que ellas permitan ofrecer las bases para el planteamiento de una metodología de evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica en zonas donde no hay registros de daños sísmicos de puentes.
Abstract
Como una primera aproximación al desarrollo del análisis de vulnerabilidad sísmica de puentes, hemos llevado a cabo el presente estudio del estado del [...]
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Respuesta de puentes frente a acciones sísmicas
E. Maldonado, J. Canas, J. Casas, L. Pujades

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1998). MIS27, ISBN: 84-89925-23-2

Abstract
Este trabajo tiene como objetivo el estudiar los aspectos más importantes involucrados en la respuesta de un puente ante la acción sísmica. Se presentan aspectos como la modelación del puente ante la acción sísmica, la determinación de las características dinámicas, la modelación de la acción del sismo y las metodologías de análisis. Todo lo anterior sin olvidar lo aprendido de los daños registrados en los puentes ante sismos pasados. Finalmente, esta monografía busca logar un entendimiento mínimo y necesario del comportamiento de un puente ante la acción del sismo, para que de esta manera se cuente con una herramienta útil para definir los parámetros que influyen en la vulnerabilidad sísmica de los puentes.
Abstract
Este trabajo tiene como objetivo el estudiar los aspectos más importantes involucrados en la respuesta de un puente ante la acción sísmica. Se presentan [...]
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Análisis de los acelerogramas de la Serie de Adra (Almería). Diciembre 1993 a enero 1994
R. Blázquez, A. Suárez, E. Carreño, A. Martín

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1998). MIS26, ISBN: 84-89925-11-9

Abstract
Se analizan en este trabajo los datos acelerográficos asociados a los dos sismos principlaes de la denomianda serie de Adra. El estudio realizado se centra en la caracterización ingenieril de los acelerogramas correspondientes a los dos sismos principales de la Serie de Adra, tanto en el dominio temporal (historias de aceleraciones, velocidades y desplazamientos), como el frecuencial (espectros de respuesta).
Abstract
Se analizan en este trabajo los datos acelerográficos asociados a los dos sismos principlaes de la denomianda serie de Adra. El estudio realizado se centra en la caracterización [...]
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Stochastic dynamics of hysteretic structures
J. Hurtado

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1998). MIS25, ISBN: 84-89925-09

Abstract
This monographs deals with methods for analysing the random vibration of deterministic or uncertain hysteretic structures under any type of external random dynamic load. However, more attention is given to the modelling of seismic random vibration of structures.
Abstract
This monographs deals with methods for analysing the random vibration of deterministic or uncertain hysteretic structures under any type of external random dynamic load. However, [...]
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Daño sísmico global en edificios con muros de cortante
R. Aguiar

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1997). MIS23, ISBN: 84-89925-00-3

Abstract
En la presente monografía se calcula el daño sísmico en edificios porticados de hormigón armado con muros de cortante, de dos formas. En la primera se obtiene el índice de daño a nivel local de los elementos y mediante una combinación ponderada del daño local se encuentra el daño global de la estructura; en este contexto de cálculo la acción sísmica viene definida por un acelerograma. En la segunda forma, se presenta una metodología para calcular el daño global sísmico, utilizando espectros de respuesta.
Abstract
En la presente monografía se calcula el daño sísmico en edificios porticados de hormigón armado con muros de cortante, de dos formas. En la primera [...]
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Modelos de evaluación del comportamiento sísmico no lineal de estructuras de hormigón armado
F. Yépez

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1996). MIS19, ISBN: 84-87867-80-4

Abstract
La presente monografía tiene por objeto el estudio del comportamiento sísmico de estructuras de hormigón armado, sujetas a acciones sísmica severas. Debido a los altos niveles de solicitación, la estructura incursionará en el rango inelástico y, por consiguiente, sus características y propiedades estructurales se degradarán durante el tiempo de actuación de la acción sísmica. Para establecer mecanismos de evaluación de la vulnerabilidad de estructuras de hormigón armado, se requiere un análisis previo de su comportamiento general ante acciones sísmicas. Por ello, en esta monografía se realizará una descripción de los aspectos más importantes relativos al mismo.
Abstract
La presente monografía tiene por objeto el estudio del comportamiento sísmico de estructuras de hormigón armado, sujetas a acciones sísmica severas. [...]
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Experimental Study of a reduced scale model seismically base isolated with Rubber-Layer Roller Bearings (RLRB)
D. Foti, J. Kelly

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1996). MIS18, ISBN: 84-87867-82-0

Abstract
The main purpose of the research reported here is to investigate the behavior of Rubber-Layer Roller Bearings (RLRB) used to base isolate a low-rise structure during horizontal ground motions. The isolation system consits of high damping natural rubber pads and steel balls. In order to study the behavior of this kind of base isolation device, a theoretical approach of the problem has been conducted, followed and completed by a series of experimental shaking table tests performed on a scaled model of the entire structure.
Abstract
The main purpose of the research reported here is to investigate the behavior of Rubber-Layer Roller Bearings (RLRB) used to base isolate a low-rise structure during horizontal [...]
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Índices de daño sísmico en edificios de hormigón armado
R. Aguiar

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1996). MIS17, ISBN: 84-87867-43-X

Abstract
En la presente monografía se propone una forma de cálculo de la curvatura de fluencia por deterioro de aherencia y corte inelástico basado en la solución exacta de la ecuación diferencial que define la adherencia entre hormigón y acero. La misma que se presenta como alternativa de cálculo a la propuesta por Y. Park que tiene un fundamento experimental y teórico.
Abstract
En la presente monografía se propone una forma de cálculo de la curvatura de fluencia por deterioro de aherencia y corte inelástico basado en la solución [...]
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Modelo tridimensional de atenuación anelástica de las ondas sísmicas de la Península Ibérica
J. Caselles, J. Canas, L. Pujades, R. Herrmann

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1995). MIS16, ISBN: 84-87867-60-X

Abstract
La atenuación anelástica es uno de los parámetros que indica lo rápidamente que se atenuan las ondas sísmicas en su recorrido desdel el foco hasta cada punto de la Tierra. Su importancia radica en contribuir al cálculo de la peligrosidad sísmica, es decir, posibilita predecir que aceleración máxima puede sufrir un lugar si se produce un terremoto en cualquier otro de la litosfera. Además la inversión de estos datos conllevará el conocimiento, en profundidad, de las características anelásticas de las capas en que se considera dividido el modelo de Tierra y por tanto proporcionará una cierta visión de su estructura. Este estudio se ha realizado a partir de datos de ondas de Rayleigh, estas son ondas sísmicas que se propagan por la superficie de la Tierra o sus discontenuidades con polarización vertical.
Abstract
La atenuación anelástica es uno de los parámetros que indica lo rápidamente que se atenuan las ondas sísmicas en su recorrido desdel el [...]
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Thermo-Chemo-Mechanical Model for Concrete. II: Damage and Creep
M. Cervera, J. Oliver, T. Prato

Journal of Engineering Mechanics (1999). Vol. 125 (9), pp. 1028-1038

Abstract
In this work a coupled thermo-chemo-mechanical model for the behavior of concrete at early ages is proposed. This paper presents the formulation and assessment of the mechanical aspects of the model. Short- and long-term mechanical behaviors are modeled via a viscoelastic damage model that accounts for the aging effects. The short-term model is based on the framework of the continuum damage mechanics theory. A novel normalized format of the damage model is proposed, so that the phenomenon of aging is accounted for in a natural fashion. Long-term effects are included by incorporating a creep model inspired in the microprestress-solidification theory.
Abstract
In this work a coupled thermo-chemo-mechanical model for the behavior of concrete at early ages is proposed. This paper presents the formulation and assessment of the mechanical [...]
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Thermo-chemo-mechanical model for concrete. I: Hydration and aging
M. Cervera, T. Prato, J. Oliver

Journal of Engineering Mechanics (1999). Vol. 125 (9), pp. 1018-1027

Abstract
In this work a coupled thermo-chemo-mechanical model for the behavior of concrete at early ages is proposed. The model allows simulation of the observed phenomena of hydration, aging, damage, and creep. It is formulated within an appropriate thermodynamic framework, from which the state equations are derived. In this first part, the formulation and assessment of the thermochemical aspects of the model are presented. It is based on the reactive porous media theory, and it can accurately predict the evolution in time of the hydration degree and the hydration heat production. The evolution of the compressive and tensile strengths and elastic moduli is related to the aging degree, a concept introduced to account for the effect of the curing temperature in the evolution of the mechanical properties. The short- and long-term mechanical behavior is modeled by means of a viscoelastic damage model that accounts for the aging effects. The formulation and assessment of the mechanical part of the model are relegated to a companion paper.
Abstract
In this work a coupled thermo-chemo-mechanical model for the behavior of concrete at early ages is proposed. The model allows simulation of the observed phenomena of hydration, [...]
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Estudios de ingeniería sismológica y sísmica
J. Canas

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1995). MIS13, ISBN: 84-87867-57-X

Abstract
El trabajo que se presenta consiste en el estudio del factor anelástico Q en la Península Ibérica obtenido a partir de la información extraida de distintas ondas sísmicas registrada en estaciones sismográficas localizadas en la propia Península y en la zona Pirenaica Francesa.
Abstract
El trabajo que se presenta consiste en el estudio del factor anelástico Q en la Península Ibérica obtenido a partir de la información extraida [...]
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Strong discontinuities and continuum plasticity models: the strong discontinuity approach
M. Cervera, O. Manzoli, J. Oliver

International Journal of Plasticity (1999). Vol. 15 (3), pp. 319-351

Abstract
The paper presents the Strong Discontinuity Approach for the analysis and simulation of strong discontinuities in solids using continuum plasticity models. Kinematics of weak and strong discontinuities are discussed, and a regularized kinematic state of discontinuity is proposed as a mean to model the formation of a strong discontinuity as the collapsed state of a weak discontinuity (with a characteristic bandwidth) induced by a bifurcation of the stress–strain field, which propagates in the solid domain. The analysis of the conditions to induce the bifurcation provides a critical value for the bandwidth at the onset of the weak discontinuity and the direction of propagation. Then a variable bandwidth model is proposed to characterize the transition between the weak and strong discontinuity regimes. Several aspects related to the continuum and, their associated, discrete constitutive equations, the expended power in the formation of the discontinuity and relevant computational details related to the finite element simulations are also discussed. Finally, some representative numerical simulations are shown to illustrate the proposed approach.
Abstract
The paper presents the Strong Discontinuity Approach for the analysis and simulation of strong discontinuities in solids using continuum plasticity models. Kinematics [...]
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Elastoplastic analysis of steel frames with interaction surfaces in stress resultants obtained for multiple linear regression
P. Vieira, W. Matias Silva

Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. (2019). Vol. 35, (4), 46

Abstract
The interaction surfaces in stress resultants can be of great use in the structural analysis processes, but their obtaining for plane or space frames, generally, is in combined efforts of bending moments and normal. The literature presents the surfaces in plane, quadric, complex or mixed forms for nonlinear analysis of structures that have the problems of local and global instability in the executing. The multiple linear regression model is a method that permit obtain interaction surfaces in the stress resultants from 3D solid element analysis. The plane and space frames elastoplastic analysis using these surfaces facilitate the structural analysis processes for the execution of projects with better structural safety. In this work, the approach will be for metallic structures with stress resultants surfaces obtained by Timoshenko 3D beams damage model non-linear analysis.
Abstract
The interaction surfaces in stress resultants can be of great use in the structural analysis processes, but their obtaining for plane or space frames, generally, is in combined [...]
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On the formulation of coupled thermoplastic problems with phase-change
C. Agelet de Saracibar, M. Cervera, M. Chiumenti

International Journal of Plasticity (1999). Vol. 15 (1), pp. 1-34

Abstract
This paper deals with a numerical formulation for coupled thermoplastic problems including phase-change phenomena. The final goal is to get an accurate, efficient and robust numerical model, allowing the numerical simulation of solidification processes in the metal casting industry. Some of the current issues addressed in the paper are the following. A fractional step method arising from an operator split of the governing differential equations has been used to solve the nonlinear coupled system of equations, leading to a staggered product formula solution algorithm. Nonlinear stability issues are discussed and isentropic and isothermal operator splits are formulated. Within the isentropic split, a strong operator split design constraint is introduced, by requiring that the elastic and plastic entropy, as well as the phase-change induced elastic entropy due to the latent heat, remain fixed in the mechanical problem. The formulation of the model has been consistently derived within a thermodynamic framework. The constitutive behavior has been defined by a thermoelastoplastic free energy function, including a thermal multiphase change contribution. Plastic response has been modeled by a J2 temperature dependent model, including plastic hardening and thermal softening. A brief summary of the thermomechanical frictional contact model is included. The numerical model has been implemented into the computational Finite Element code COMET developed by the authors. A numerical assessment of the isentropic and isothermal operator splits, regarding the nonlinear stability behavior, has been performed for weakly and strongly coupled thermomechanical problems. Numerical simulations of solidification processes show the performance of the computational model developed.
Abstract
This paper deals with a numerical formulation for coupled thermoplastic problems including phase-change phenomena. The final goal is to get an accurate, efficient and robust [...]
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Numerical prediction of temperature and density distributions in selective laser sintering processes
G. Bugeda, M. Cervera, G. Lombera

Rapid Prototyping Journal (1999). Vol. 5 (1), pp. 21-26

Abstract
A finite element model has been developed for the 3D simulation of the sintering of a single track during a selective laser sintering process (SLS). The model takes into account both the thermal and the sintering phenomena involved in the process. Owing to the continuous movement of the laser beam the model takes also into account the transient nature of the problem. This is transformed into a pseudo‐static one through a transformation of the coordinates system of the equations. Nevertheless, this transformation introduces a convective term into the heat equations that produces instabilities in the solution. These instabilities have been solved by using a stream upwind Petrov Galerkin (SUPG) strategy together with a shock capturing scheme. Finally, a fixed point strategy is used for the solution of the analysis. The model has been tested through the solution of some examples.
Abstract
A finite element model has been developed for the 3D simulation of the sintering of a single track during a selective laser sintering process (SLS). The model takes into account [...]
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Sismología y peligrosidad sísmica
J. Canas, L. Pujades, E. Banda

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1994). MIS11, ISBN: 84-87867-49-9
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A strain-based plastic viscous-damage model for massive concrete structures
R. Faria, M. Cervera, J. Oliver

Int. J. Solids and Structures (1998). Vol. 35 (14), pp. 1533-1558

Abstract
Within the framework of continuum damage mechanics, a new constitutive damage model for massive concrete is presented, mainly intended for the seismic analysis of gravity and arch dams. Consistent with thermodynamic requirements, a straindriven formalism is adopted, improving the algorithmic efficiency as much as required for the analysis of large scale problems to become feasible. Two scalar damage variables are introduced as internal variables, as well as a plastic-strain tensor. An extension to account for the concrete strain-rate dependency, suitable for seismic analysis, is presented at the end. The efficiency of numerical predictions from the constitutive model is illustrated through numerical applications and algorithmic implementation is also detailed.
Abstract
Within the framework of continuum damage mechanics, a new constitutive damage model for massive concrete is presented, mainly intended for the seismic analysis of gravity [...]
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Análise estocástica da resposta sísmica não-linear de estructuras
A. Cunha

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1994). MIS09, ISBN: 84-87867-47-2

Abstract
A presente monografia comporta, para além de un capítulo de carácter introdútorio (Capitulo 1), dois capítulos fundamentais (Capítulos 2 e 3), cuja organizaçao e desenvolvimento foram marcados pela preocupaçao de sitematizar adequadamente as mais importantes formulaçoes teóricas que, no âmbito de Dinâmica Estrutural Estocástica, permitem efectuar a análise da resposta aleatória de sitemas não-lineares, complementando cada capítulo com aspectos relativos ao desenvolvimento de progamas de cálculo automático, propositadamente elaborados no sentido de fazer realçar as suas potencialidades à análise da resposta sísmica de estruturas, mediante a apresentação de alguns exemplos julgados elucidativos.
Abstract
A presente monografia comporta, para além de un capítulo de carácter introdútorio (Capitulo 1), dois capítulos fundamentais (Capítulos [...]
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A rate-dependent isotropic damage model for the seismic analysis of concrete dams
M. Cervera, O. Manzoli, J. Oliver

Engineering Computations (1996). Vol. 25 (9), pp. 987-1010.

Abstract
In this paper a rate‐dependent isotropic damage model developed for the numerical analysis of concrete dams subjected to seismic excitation is presented. The model is shown to incorporate two features essential for seismic analysis: stiffness degradation and stiffness recovery upon load reversals and strain‐rate sensitivity. The issue of mesh objectivity is addressed using the concept of the ‘characteristic length’ of the fracture zone, to show that both the softening modulus and the fluidity parameter must depend on it to provide consistent results as the computational mesh is refined. Some aspects of the numerical implementation of the model are also treated, to show that the model can be easily incorporated in any standard non‐linear finite element code. The application of the proposed model to the seismic analysis of a large gravity concrete dam shows that the structural response may vary significantly in terms of the development of damage. The inclusion of rate sensitivity is able to reproduce the experimental observation that the tensile peak strength of concrete can be increased up to 50 percent for the range of strain rates that appear in a structural safety analysis of a dam subjected to severe seismic actions.
Abstract
In this paper a rate‐dependent isotropic damage model developed for the numerical analysis of concrete dams subjected to seismic excitation is presented. The model is shown [...]
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On the computational efficiency and implementation of block-iterative algorithms for nonlinear coupled Problems
M. Cervera, R. Codina, M. Galindo

Engineering Computations (1996). Vol. 13 (6), pp. 4-30

Abstract
Outlines a general methodology for the solution of the system of algebraic equations arising from the discretization of the field equations governing coupled problems. Considers that this discrete problem is obtained from the finite element discretization in space and the finite difference discretization in time. Aims to preserve software modularity, to be able to use existing single field codes to solve more complex problems, and to exploit computer resources optimally, emulating parallel processing. To this end, deals with two well-known coupled problems of computational mechanics – the fluid-structure interaction problem and thermally-driven flows of incompressible fluids. Demonstrates the possibility of coupling the block-iterative loop with the nonlinearity of the problems through numerical experiments which suggest that even a mild nonlinearity drives the convergence rate of the complete iterative scheme, at least for the two problems considered here. Discusses the implementation of this alternative to the direct coupled solution, stating advantages and disadvantages. Explains also the need for online synchronized communication between the different codes used as is the description of the master code which will control the overall algorithm.
Abstract
Outlines a general methodology for the solution of the system of algebraic equations arising from the discretization of the field equations governing coupled problems. Considers [...]
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Seismic evaluation of concrete dams via continuum damage models
M. Cervera, R. Faria, J. Oliver

Earthquake Engineering Structural Dynamics (1995). Vol. 24 (9), pp. 1125-1245

Abstract
In this paper a general methodology for the analysis of large concrete dams subjected to seismic excitation is outlined. It is valid both for gravity dams (2D representation) and arch dams (3D representation). The method allows for non‐linear material behaviour of the dam, ‘transparent fictitious boundaries’ for dealing properly with in‐coming and out‐going seismic waves, and an efficient procedure to deal with dam‐soil‐fluid interaction. The mechanical behaviour of concrete is modelled using an isotropic damage model which allows for tension and compression damage, and exhibits stiffness recovery upon load reversals. Emphasis is placed in the treatment of fluid‐structure interaction, regarding both formulation and efficiency aspects. A gravity dam and an arch dam are analysed subjected to artificially generated earthquakes of different intensities, and the results are used to study the degree of (un)safety of the dams.
Abstract
In this paper a general methodology for the analysis of large concrete dams subjected to seismic excitation is outlined. It is valid both for gravity dams (2D representation) [...]
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Análisis de terremotos históricos por sus efectos. El terremoto de Andalucía
J. Arango

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1994). MIS07, ISBN: 84-87867-44-8

Abstract
El trabajo se organiza en dos partes: en la primera se analiza el potencial de licuefacción del suelo en aquellos lugares con referencias históricas fiables. En la segunda se evalúa la resistencia sísmica de un edificio de la época.
Abstract
El trabajo se organiza en dos partes: en la primera se analiza el potencial de licuefacción del suelo en aquellos lugares con referencias históricas fiables. [...]
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Numerical Analysis of Dams with Extensive Cracking due to Concrete Hydration: Simulation of a Real Case
M. Cervera, M. Galindo, J. Oliver

Dam Engng. (1992). Vol. 3 (1), pp. 1-22.

Abstract
The paper presents the computational model developed to study an existing large gravity dam suffering from observed "pathological behavior" resulting concrete hydration. The combined effect of water intrusion and chemical and numerical studies. The present study was undertaken to simulate numerically the observed phenomenon and to predict future developments. Concrete is modelled using an isotropic continuum damage model including visco-elastic effects. The triggering of the volumetric expansion resulting from water intrusion is linked to the onset of damage at each a point, assuming that water enters dam mostly through the damaged areas. Transversal construction joints are modelled using smeared joints. Temperature and porewater pressure effects are included using assumed distributions based on available field data. Results are presented which match reasonably well with the available filed measurements.
Abstract
The paper presents the computational model developed to study an existing large gravity dam suffering from observed "pathological behavior" resulting concrete hydration. [...]
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Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete plate and shell structures using 20-noded isoparametric brick elements
M. Cervera, E. Hinton, O. Hassan

Computers and Structures (1987). Vol. 25 (6), pp. 845-869

Abstract
This paper describes an efficient and accurate, 3-D finite element model which may be adopted in the nonlinear analysis of reinforced concerete plate and shell structures. Benchmark tests are undertaken to check the computational model.
Abstract
This paper describes an efficient and accurate, 3-D finite element model which may be adopted in the nonlinear analysis of reinforced concerete plate and shell structures. [...]
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Preconditioned conjugate gradient method for the non‐linear finite element analysis with particular reference to 3D reinforced concrete structures
M. Cervera, Y. Liu, E. Hinton

Engineering Computations (1986). Vol. 3 (3), pp.235-242

Abstract
A hierarchically preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) method for finite element analysis is presented. Its use is demonstrated for the difficult problem of the non‐linear analysis of 3D reinforced concrete structures. Examples highlight the dramatic savings in computer storage and more modest savings in solution times obtained using PCG especially for large problems.
Abstract
A hierarchically preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) method for finite element analysis is presented. Its use is demonstrated for the difficult problem of the non‐linear [...]
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Criticism and ratification of the third place model for libraries
J. Gallo-León

Anuario ThinkEPI (2019). Vol. 13, 14

Abstract
The model of libraries as agora or third place is both criticised and reaffirmed. This work is inspired by an article published in Le Monde Diplomatique where this model is censored. It is exposed that the origin of the criticism has a lot to do with the inadequate displacement of the traditional user in search of a reaffirmation of the library for its survival. The noise increase that difficult study or concentrated reading has special incidence in this displacement, but those activities that produce noise are also considered intrinsic activities to libraries. Opposite to this, it is said that the library has always been a third place, but that the new conceptions that enhance this reality must consider the multiplicity of uses to be faithful to the concept.
Abstract
The model of libraries as agora or third place is both criticised and reaffirmed. This work is inspired by an article published in Le Monde Diplomatique where this model is [...]
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Developements in the preparation of technical documentation: Lightweight markup languages
J. Tramullas

Anuario ThinkEPI (2019). Vol. 13, 12

Abstract
Lightweight markup languages have been consolidated as the lingua franca for the preparation of technical documents. Their foundations and history are revised, as well as the main languages and documentation generators.
Abstract
Lightweight markup languages have been consolidated as the lingua franca for the preparation of technical documents. Their foundations and history are revised, as well as [...]
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Aggregation of library data through Sparql
X. Agenjo-Bullón, F. Hernández-Carrascal

Anuario ThinkEPI (2019). Vol. 13, 10

Abstract
This note describes the metadata aggregation process carried out by the Ignacio Larramendi Foundation through the Sparql Endpoint of the Miguel de Cervantes Virtual Library. The results obtained are summarized and it is showed how Sparql language and Sparql Endpoint are a useful tool to access data in large repositories. Some difficulties for its use are described.
Abstract
This note describes the metadata aggregation process carried out by the Ignacio Larramendi Foundation through the Sparql Endpoint of the Miguel de Cervantes Virtual Library. [...]
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Concepts, contents and technology in information visualization
M. Pérez-Montoro

Anuario ThinkEPI (2019). Vol. 13, 8

Abstract
2018 has been an important year for the information visualization discipline. This work reviews some of the innovative visualizations developed throughout 2018, organizing them, asd previous proposals published in this Anuario ThinkEPI, into three groups. First, a small selection of visualization with conceptual novelties and new visual proposals are presented. Second, there are some others that have drawn attention to the importance of the data set they have visualized. Finally, some of the technological advances that have been developed within the discipline throughout this year are highlighted.
Abstract
2018 has been an important year for the information visualization discipline. This work reviews some of the innovative visualizations developed throughout 2018, organizing [...]
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Ten years of Europeana
X. Agenjo-Bullón, F. Hernández-Carrascal

Anuario ThinkEPI (2019). Vol. 13, 6

Abstract
On November 20, 2018, it was ten years since Europeana was born. This note summarizes the impact of Europeana and the Spanish contribution to Europeana. Europeana Data Model and related recommendations are valued as the first significant and lasting construction of a European standard for archives, libraries and museums. It is also pointed out Europeana’s weakest point: its search interface. All figures and web addresses in the note refer to the date November 20, 2018.
Abstract
On November 20, 2018, it was ten years since Europeana was born. This note summarizes the impact of Europeana and the Spanish contribution to Europeana. Europeana Data Model [...]
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Qualis Periódicos: The Brazilian system of journal evaluation
D. Martínez-Ávila

Anuario ThinkEPI (2019). Vol. 13, 4

Abstract
This paper reviews the Brazilian national system of journal evaluation Qualis Periódicos. It reviews some of the fundamentals of journal evaluation based on citation analysis and inclusion in databases. This paper also discusses the evaluation of journals based on national lists and the characteristics of the Brazilian evaluation system. It analyzes the criteria and examples of the Communication and Information area as well as some of the arguments against the system. It concludes that Qualis Periódicos is too dependent on the opinion of experts and that the development and application criteria are not sufficiently clear. The conclusions point out some possibilities that could be followed in the future to improve the system.
Abstract
This paper reviews the Brazilian national system of journal evaluation Qualis Periódicos. It reviews some of the fundamentals of journal evaluation based on citation analysis [...]
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Fake news taken apart through collaborative knowledge
A. López-Borrull, S. Sanz-Martos

Anuario ThinkEPI (2019). Vol. 13, 2

Abstract
The phenomenon of fake news is generating multiple approaches to solve the legal, technological and information and communication issues. One of the approaches would be the use of collaborative knowledge. Some examples and possible challenges of the use of collective intelligence for fighting the online disinformation are described.
Abstract
The phenomenon of fake news is generating multiple approaches to solve the legal, technological and information and communication issues. One of the approaches would be the [...]
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Mixed stabilized finite element methods in nonlinear solid mechanics. Part III: Compressible and incompressible plasticity
M. Cervera, M. Chiumenti, L. Benedetti, R. Codina

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2015). (preprint) Vol. 285, pp. 752-775

Abstract
This paper presents the application of a stabilized mixed strain/displacement finite element formulation for the solution of nonlinear solid mechanics problems involving compressible and incompressible plasticity. The variational multiscale stabilization introduced allows the use of equal order interpolations in a consistent way. Such formulation presents two advantages when compared to the standard, displacement based, irreducible formulation: (a) it provides enhanced rate of convergence for the strain (and stress) field and (b) it is able to deal with incompressible situations. The first advantage also applies to the comparison with the mixed pressure/displacement formulation. The paper investigates the effect of the improved strain and stress fields in problems involving strain softening and localization leading to failure, using low order finite elements with continuous strain and displacement fields (P1P1 triangles or tetrahedra and Q1Q1quadrilaterals, hexahedra, and triangular prisms) in conjunction with an associative frictional Drucker–Prager plastic model. The performance of the strain/displacement formulation under compressible and nearly incompressible deformation patterns is assessed and compared to a previously proposed pressure/displacement formulation. Benchmark numerical examples show the capacity of the mixed formulation to predict correctly failure mechanisms with localized patterns of strain, virtually free from any dependence of the mesh directional bias. No auxiliary crack tracking technique is necessary.
Abstract
This paper presents the application of a stabilized mixed strain/displacement finite element formulation for the solution of nonlinear solid mechanics problems involving compressible [...]
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A mixed three-field FE formulation for stress accurate analysis including the incompressible limit
M. Chiumenti, M. Cervera, R. Codina

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2015). (preprint) Vol. 238, pp. 1095-1116

Abstract
In previous works, the authors have presented the stabilized mixed displacement/pressure formulation to deal with the incompressibility constraint. More recently, the authors have derived stable mixed stress/displacement formulations using linear/linear interpolations to enhance stress accuracy in both linear and non-linear problems. In both cases, the Variational Multi Scale (VMS) stabilization technique and, in particular, the Orthogonal Subgrid Scale (OSS) method allows the use of linear/linear interpolations for triangular and tetrahedral elements bypassing the strictness of the inf–sup condition on the choice of the interpolation spaces. These stabilization procedures lead to discrete problems which are fully stable, free of volumetric locking or stress oscillations. This work exploits the concept of mixed finite element methods to formulate stable displacement/stress/pressure finite elements aimed for the solution of nonlinear problems for both solid and fluid finite element (FE) analyses. The final goal is to design a finite element technology able to tackle simultaneously problems which may involve isochoric behavior (preserve the original volume) of the strain field together with high degree of accuracy of the stress field. These two features are crucial in nonlinear solid and fluid mechanics, as used in most numerical simulations of industrial manufacturing processes. Numerical benchmarks show that the results obtained compare very favorably with those obtained with the corresponding mixed displacement/pressure formulation.
Abstract
In previous works, the authors have presented the stabilized mixed displacement/pressure formulation to deal with the incompressibility constraint. More recently, [...]
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Numerical modeling of friction stir welding processes
M. Chiumenti, M. Cervera, C. Agelet de Saracibar, N. Dialami

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2013). (preprint) Vol. 254, pp. 353-369

Abstract
This work describes the formulation adopted for the numerical simulation of the friction stir welding (FSW) process. FSW is a solid-state joining process (the metal is not melted during the process) devised for applications where the original metallurgical characteristics must be retained. This process is primarily used on aluminum alloys, and most often on large pieces which cannot be easily heat treated to recover temper characteristics. Heat is either induced by the friction between the tool shoulder and the work pieces or generated by the mechanical mixing (stirring and forging) process without reaching the melting point (solid-state process). To simulate this kind of welding process, a fully coupled thermo-mechanical solution is adopted. A sliding mesh, rotating together with the pin (ALE formulation), is used to avoid the extremely large distortions of the mesh around the tool in the so called stirring zone while the rest of the mesh of the sheet is fixed (Eulerian formulation). The orthogonal subgrid scale (OSS) technique is used to stabilize the mixed velocity–pressure formulation adopted to solve the Stokes problem. This stabilized formulation can deal with the incompressible behavior of the material allowing for equal linear interpolation for both the velocity and the pressure fields. The material behavior is characterized either by Norton–Hoff or Sheppard–Wright rigid thermo-visco-plastic constitutive models. Both the frictional heating due to the contact interaction between the surface of the tool and the sheet, and the heat induced by the visco-plastic dissipation of the stirring material have been taken into account. Heat convection and heat radiation models are used to dissipate the heat through the boundaries. Both the streamline-upwind/Petrov–Galerkin (SUPG) formulation and the OSS stabilization technique have been implemented to stabilize the convective term in the balance of energy equation. The numerical simulations presented are intended to show the accuracy of the proposed methodology and its capability to study real FSW processes where a non-circular pin is often used.
Abstract
This work describes the formulation adopted for the numerical simulation of the friction stir welding (FSW) process. FSW is a solid-state joining process (the metal is not [...]
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Benchmarking on bifurcation and localization in J2 plasticity for plane stress and plane strain conditions
M. Cervera, M. Chiumenti, D. Di Capua

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2012). Vol. 241-244, pp. 206-224

Abstract
This paper studies the phenomenon of strain bifurcation and localization in J2plasticity under plane stress and plane strain conditions. Necessary conditions for the outcome of bifurcation, localization, stress boundedness and decohesion are analytically established. It is shown that the explicit consideration of these conditions allows for the determination of localization angles in certain situations of interest that can be used to conduct benchmark tests on finite element formulations. The relative merits of irreducible, (stabilized) mixed and (displacement and/or strain) enhanced formulations are discussed. Numerical examples show that the mixed displacement/pressure formulation is to be preferred to the standard irreducible schemes in order to predict correct failure mechanisms with localized patterns of plastic deformation. Mixed elements are shown to be practically free from mesh directional bias dependence.
Abstract
This paper studies the phenomenon of strain bifurcation and localization in J2plasticity under plane stress and plane strain conditions. Necessary conditions for the outcome [...]
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From media planner to media expert: The digital effect in advertising
M. Perlado-Lamo-de-Espinosa, N. Papí-Gálvez, M. Bergaz-Portolés

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (1), 30

Abstract
The increase in online audience and the development of Big Data in organizations modify the media planning activity and, consequently, the profile of the planner. Following the digital expansion, more information has become available to perform this task, but also, more complexity is observed in the work processes and in their agents’ structures. This paper analyzes the changes produced in the management of the media planner within the digital society. Through triangular research, comprising quantitative and qualitative methods, including a questionnaire that was administered to 140 media planners, and 5 interviews conducted with agency experts we examine the variations that have occurred in this professional role in terms of knowledge, the tools used and the skills they have had to maintain or update. It is noted that the adaptation to the digital context has required a substantial change in their work mechanics, the integration of off- and online strategies and digital specialization. Furthermore, with the help of current technology, immediate actions and reviews are implemented. Consequently, the media expert activity requires mastery of digital media planning tools, greater doses of innovation, analysis, business acumen and the ability to work effectively in multidisciplinary teams for multimedia environments.
Abstract
The increase in online audience and the development of Big Data in organizations modify the media planning activity and, consequently, the profile of the planner. Following [...]
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Reading and informal learning trends on YouTube: The booktuber
A. Vizcaíno-Verdú, P. Contreras-Pulido, M. Guzmán-Franco

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (1), 28

Abstract
The digital era has perpetuated new pedagogies of collective participation in networks that requires reflection in the conventional education area, because of YouTube, as audiovisual platform of outstanding international recognition, concentrates an extensive repertoire of informal learning practices among young people. In this case, the research focuses on a form of literary expression driven by the new Booktube community, which is dedicated to the recommendation of books and the promotion of reading by focusing their messages through the videoblog format. This aspect, closely popularized in the platform, allow us to deepen new youth practices outside classroom that refer to the promotion of books and critical and judicious expression on aspects related to content, formats, genres and authors in a context supported by the media ecology. In order to deepen the reasons why youth reads currently, we developed a literature review starting with the transmedia literacy concept evaluating narrative and aesthetic competences and applying a content analysis and a case study that collects channels of two Spanish booktubers with high impact and community: Javier Ruescas and Fly like a Butterfly. Results discern an affinity space linked to the opinion of peers that promotes reading and writing, and the ability to interpret, describe, compare and reflect about the literary context.
Abstract
The digital era has perpetuated new pedagogies of collective participation in networks that requires reflection in the conventional education area, because of YouTube, as [...]
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The use of digital resources and materials In and outside the bilingual classroom
M. Navarro-Pablo, Y. López-Gándara, E. García-Jiménez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (1), 26

Abstract
Research on the integration of digital resources and materials in CLIL contexts is still scant. This article presents the results of a study carried out in eight schools in the province of Seville. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect the data regarding CLIL teachers' and learners' opinions on the intergration of digital resources and materials in the classroom. The aims of this study are: 1) To analyse teachers' and learners' perceptions on the integration of digital resources and materials in the CLIL classroom; 2) To analyse how the educational stage affects teachers' and learners' perceptions on this use; 3) To analyse the type of digital resources and materials in English that learners use outside the classroom. The following analyses have been carried out: Categorical Principal Components Analysis; Mann-Whitney U test; qualitative content analysis; finally, Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated. Results show that there are discrepancies between teachers' and learners' perceptions regarding the use of digital resources and materials in the classroom; and that these perceptions are affected by the educational stage. This study concludes that the type of resources and materials that learners use outside the classroom is determined by those used in the classroom. However, at home, they are used differently, which is indicative of the need to adapt classroom practices to learners’ own independent uses.
Abstract
Research on the integration of digital resources and materials in CLIL contexts is still scant. This article presents the results of a study carried out in eight schools in [...]
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Use of technologies and academic performance in adolescent students
S. García-Martín, I. Cantón-Mayo

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (1), 24

Abstract
Technologies have acquired strategic importance and have been defined as unprecedented educational tools. In this study, we analysed the use that 1,488 Spanish adolescents made of five tools (i.e. search engines, wikis, blogs, podcasts and instant messaging), and the impact that use of these tools had on their academic performance in science, mathematics, Spanish language and English. To this end, we explored frequency of use, time spent, purpose, place of use and level of satisfaction for each of the tools, as well as academic performance in the four subjects analysed, using the HEGECO instrument. Results revealed differential patterns in the use of technologies according to purpose, and in academic performance according to sex, age and use of the tools. Adolescents used search engines and wikis to carry out academic tasks, and podcasts for entertainment. In relation to academic performance, females presented better mean performance in linguistic subjects, and younger adolescents did so in all the subjects analysed. In relation to use of tools, the use of search engines was associated with better performance in science, Spanish language and English, while the use of podcasts was associated with better performance in mathematics. The implications of these results are discussed and evaluated.
Abstract
Technologies have acquired strategic importance and have been defined as unprecedented educational tools. In this study, we analysed the use that 1,488 Spanish adolescents [...]
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Continuum damage model for orthotropic materials: Application to masonry
L. Pelà, M. Cervera, P. Roca

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2011). Vol. 200 (9-12), pp. 917-930

Abstract
This paper contributes to the formulation of continuum damage models for orthotropic materials under plane stress conditions. Two stress transformation tensors, related to tensile and compressive stress states, respectively, are used to establish a one-to-one mapping relationship between the orthotropic behaviour and an auxiliary model. This allows the consideration of two individual damage criteria, according to different failure mechanisms, i.e. cracking and crushing. The constitutive model adopted in the mapped space makes use of two scalar variables which monitor the local damage under tension and compression, respectively. The model affords the simulation of orthotropic induced damage, while also accounting for unilateral effects, thanks to a stress tensor split into tensile and compressive contributions. The fundamentals of the method are presented together with the procedure utilized to adjust the model in order to study the mechanical behaviour of masonry material. The validation of the model is carried out by means of comparisons with experimental results on different types of orthotropic masonry at the material level.
Abstract
This paper contributes to the formulation of continuum damage models for orthotropic materials under plane stress conditions. Two stress transformation tensors, related to [...]
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Robotics to develop computational thinking in early Childhood Education
A. García-Valcárcel-Muñoz-Repiso, Y. Caballero-González

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (1), 22

Abstract
The development of programming skills is currently promoting from an early school age, trying to get children to take an active and creative role in the use of technologies. The objective of this article is to verify the repercussion of educational robotics activities on kindergarten students in the acquisition of computational thinking and programming skills. The research design is quasi-experimental, with pre-test and post-test measures, using experimental and control groups. The sample consists of 131 students from the second cycle of early education (between 3 and 6 years old), all from the same Spanish school. Computational thinking is measured through three dimensions: sequences (algorithms), action-instruction correspondence and debugging. The intervention sessions, as well as the structure of the challenges that were used in the pre- and post-test evaluations, were designed based on the reference program of robotics studies called “TangibleK”. The intervention, carried out doing learning activities using educational robotics resources, presents positive results in relation to the computational thinking skills achieved. The differences between the pre-test and the post-test in the experimental and control groups are statistically significant, in that children engaged in robotics program achieves a greater advance in the three dimensions of computational competence through this method.
Abstract
The development of programming skills is currently promoting from an early school age, trying to get children to take an active and creative role in the use of technologies. [...]
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Constructing Donald Trump: Mobile apps in the political discourse about the President of the United States
S. Gómez-García, A. Gil-Torres, J. Carrillo-Vera, N. Navarro-Sierra

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (1), 20

Abstract
This paper explores the creation and content of apps about Donald Trump (n=412) published in Google Play between June 2015 and January 2018. The relevance of the study stems from both its objectives and its methodology. On the one hand, the aim was to characterise the profile, motivations and purposes of the developers of Donald Trump apps; and on the other, to identify the main features of the discourses in the most downloaded apps. The study relied on two resources: a qualitative questionnaire of open questions for developers (n=376), and a quantitative analysis of the content of apps that exceeded 5,000 downloads (n=117). The questionnaire identified the influence of political current affairs in the developers’ ideological and economic motivations, while the content analysis revealed the trends found over time, as well as the themes, discourses and ideological positioning of the most popular apps about Donald Trump. The findings provide an empirical basis for how the content of these apps was articulated with the news; the influence of content that went viral; hegemonic discourses; and the role played by developers of new expressive, commercial, informative and persuasive proposals in the intersection between mobile apps and political campaigns.
Abstract
This paper explores the creation and content of apps about Donald Trump (n=412) published in Google Play between June 2015 and January 2018. The relevance of the study stems [...]
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Adolescents problematic mobile phone use, Fear of Missing Out and family communication
L. Santana-Vega, A. Gómez-Muñoz, L. Feliciano-García

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (1), 18

Abstract
This research analyzes the problematic use of mobile phone, the phenomenon of fear of missing Out (FoMO) and the communication between parents and children in students who attend secondary education in public and private centers of the regions of Canary Islands, Balearic Islands and Valencia. The research involved 569 students aged between 12 and 19 years. The instruments used were the «Mobil phone related experiences questionnaire», the Spanish adaptation of the «Fear of missing out questionnaire» and the communication dimension with parents of the «Parents and peers attachment inventory». The results show that: 1) An increased problematic use of the mobile phone is associated with a higher level of FoMO; 2) The students who frequently use the mobile phone and communicate more with their friends have a higher average score in the «Mobile phone related experiences questionnaire» and in the «Fear of missing out questionnaire»; 3) The students that use the mobile phone for less time has a greater communication with fathers and mothers. We discuss the relevance of the study of FoMO and parents-children communication as factors that affect the problematic use of mobile phone in young people. Centers’ guidance teams, families and teachers have to create a common learning space to promote the responsible use of mobile phone.
Abstract
This research analyzes the problematic use of mobile phone, the phenomenon of fear of missing Out (FoMO) and the communication between parents and children in students who [...]
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Content syndication in news aggregators. Towards devaluation of professional journalistic criterio
C. Edo, J. Yunquera, H. Bastos

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (1), 16

Abstract
The growing expansion of Internet access and mass-scale usage of social networking platforms and search engines have forced digital newspapers to deal with challenges, amongst which are the need to constantly update news, the increasing complexity of sources, the difficulty of exercising their function as gatekeepers in a fragmented environment in which the opinions, biases and preconceptions of pundits, their followers, Twitter users, etc. has taken on a new and decisive weight and the mounting pressure to publish certain news items simply because they sell. They must also share audiences with aggregators devoted to the business of disseminating content produced by digital news publishers, blogs and RSS feeds, which is chosen on the basis of search engine algorithms, the votes of users or the preferences of readers. The fact that these computerized systems of news distribution seldom employ the criteria upon which journalism is based suggests that the work of gatekeeping is being reframed in a way that progressively eliminates journalists from the process of deciding what is newsworthy. This study of these trends has entailed a 47 point assessment of 30 news aggregators currently providing syndicated content and eight semi-structured interviews with editors of quality mass-distribution digital newspapers published in the U.S., Spain and Portugal.
Abstract
The growing expansion of Internet access and mass-scale usage of social networking platforms and search engines have forced digital newspapers to deal with challenges, amongst [...]
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Young adults’ interaction with online news and advertising
M. Martínez-Costa, J. Serrano-Puche, I. Portilla, C. Sánchez-Blanco

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (1), 14

Abstract
This research aims to portray the way young adult people interact with news and how their consumption is affected by advertising and personal data sharing. 'Digital News Report Spain 2018', a questionnaire on the consumption of digital media undertaken by a national panel of 2,023 Internet users, is used as a main source. Among the users mentioned, there were 293 young people from 25 to 34 years old who belong to the Millennial generation. Data from this report was completed with a qualitative study in which two focus groups were held, featuring people of that age frame residing in Navarre. The paper concludes that young adult people are generally interested in news, which they access mainly via mobile devices. Their interest grows when the content affects them directly, but also if they empathize with the topic. On the other hand, their familiar background and social routines shape the way they receive information. Young adult people still make use of traditional media, although they consider it ideologically biased. Advertising is something annoying, although they generally have little knowledge and even less intention to use ad-blockers. Finally, their review of the personalized services is negative, but they tend to give away personal data to media if this facilitates their news access.
Abstract
This research aims to portray the way young adult people interact with news and how their consumption is affected by advertising and personal data sharing. 'Digital News Report [...]
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Mobile journalism: Systematic literature review
X. López-García, A. Silva-Rodríguez, Á. Vizoso-García, O. Westlund, J. Canavilhas

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2019). Vol. 27, (1), 12

Abstract
The era of mobile media has placed communications convergence at a new stage. The importance of studies about mobile communications has been growing increasingly over the last years. This growth is connected to the increase in the access to contents through new devices. The last ten years have seen a process of acceleration in mobile technology innovations. The peak of this new scenario has been the interest of the research community in investigating the relationship between such innovations and the spread of informative contents. This article analyses those studies that address the relation between mobile devices and communication and journalism. The main objective is to clarify the current state of these studies as well as to define their significance within the current convergence scenario. In order to reach such objectives, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted. The authors analysed 199 research articles published between January 2008 and May 2018 in the database Web of Science. The findings suggest that the United States has the largest number of studies in relation to this topic. We can pinpoint the highest increase in scientific production about journalism and mobile communications in 2013. Besides, it exists a dominance of those articles related with actants upon those ones about actors or audiences.
Abstract
The era of mobile media has placed communications convergence at a new stage. The importance of studies about mobile communications has been growing increasingly over the [...]
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Mixed stabilized finite element methods in nonlinear solid mechanics: Part II: Strain localization
M. Cervera, M. Chiumenti, R. Codina

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2010). Vol. 199 (37-40), pp. 2571-2589

Abstract
This paper deals with the question of strain localization associated with materials which exhibit softening due to tensile straining. A standard local isotropic Rankine damage model with strain-softening is used as exemplary constitutive model. Both the irreducible and mixed forms of the problem are examined and stability and solvability conditions are discussed. Lack of uniqueness and convergence difficulties related to the strong material nonlinearities involved are also treated. From this analysis, the issue of local discretization error in the pre-localization regime is deemed as the main difficulty to be overcome in the discrete problem. Focus is placed on low order finite elements with continuous strain and displacement fields (triangular P1P1 and quadrilateral Q1Q1), although the presented approach is very general. Numerical examples show that the resulting procedure is remarkably robust: it does not require the use of auxiliary tracking techniques and the results obtained do not suffer from spurious mesh-bias dependence.
Abstract
This paper deals with the question of strain localization associated with materials which exhibit softening due to tensile straining. A standard local isotropic Rankine damage [...]
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Mixed stabilized finite element methods in nonlinear solid mechanics: Part I: Formulation
M. Cervera, M. Chiumenti, R. Codina

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2010). Vol. 199 (37-40), pp. 2559-2570

Abstract
This paper exploits the concept of stabilized finite element methods to formulate stable mixed stress/displacement and strain/displacement finite elements for the solution of nonlinear solid mechanics problems. The different assumptions and approximations used to derive the methods are exposed. The proposed procedure is very general, applicable to 2D and 3D problems. Implementation and computational aspects are also discussed, showing that a robust application of the proposed formulation is feasible. Numerical examples show that the results obtained compare favorably with those obtained with the corresponding irreducible formulation.
Abstract
This paper exploits the concept of stabilized finite element methods to formulate stable mixed stress/displacement and strain/displacement finite elements for the solution [...]
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Finite element modeling of multi-pass welding and shaped metal deposition processes
M. Chiumenti, M. Cervera, A. Salmi, C. Agelet de Saracibar, N. Dialami, K. Matsui

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2010). Vol. 199 (37-40), pp. 2343-2359

Abstract
This paper describes the formulation adopted for the numerical simulation of the shaped metal deposition process (SMD) and the experimental work carried out at ITP Industry to calibrate and validate the proposed model. The SMD process is a novel manufacturing technology, similar to the multi-pass welding used for building features such as lugs and flanges on fabricated components (see Fig. 1a and b). A fully coupled thermo-mechanical solution is adopted including phase-change phenomena defined in terms of both latent heat release and shrinkage effects. Temperature evolution as well as residual stresses and distortions, due to the successive welding layers deposited, are accurately simulated coupling the heat transfer and the mechanical analysis. The material behavior is characterized by a thermo-elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model coupled with a metallurgical model. Nickel super-alloy 718 is the target material of this work. Both heat convection and heat radiation models are introduced to dissipate heat through the boundaries of the component. An in-house coupled FE software is used to deal with the numerical simulation and an ad-hoc activation methodology is formulated to simulate the deposition of the different layers of filler material. Difficulties and simplifying hypotheses are discussed. Thermo-mechanical results are presented in terms of both temperature evolution and distortions, and compared with the experimental data obtained at the SMD laboratory of ITP.
Abstract
This paper describes the formulation adopted for the numerical simulation of the shaped metal deposition process (SMD) and the experimental work carried out at ITP Industry [...]
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An orthotropic mesh corrected crack model
M. Cervera

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2008). Vol. 197 (17-18), 1603-1619

Abstract
This paper recovers the original spirit of the continuous crack approaches, where displacements jumps across the crack are smeared over the affected elements and the behaviour is established through a softening stress–(total) strain law, using standard finite element displacement interpolations and orthotropic localconstitutive models. The paper focuses on the problem of shear locking observed in the discrete problem when orthotropic models are used. The solution for this drawback is found in the form of a mesh corrected crack model where the structure of the inelastic strain tensor is linked to the geometry of the cracked element. The discrete model is formulated as a non-symmetric orthotropic local damage constitutive model, in which the softening modulus is regularized according to the material fracture energy and the element size. The resulting formulation is easily implemented in standard non-linear FE codes and suitable for engineering applications. Numerical examples show that the results obtained using this crack model do not suffer from dependence on the mesh directional alignment, comparing very favourably with those obtained using related standard isotropic or orthotropic damage models.
Abstract
This paper recovers the original spirit of the continuous crack approaches, where displacements jumps across the crack are smeared over the affected elements and the behaviour [...]
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Mesh objective tensile cracking via a local continuum damage model and a crack tracking technique
M. Cervera, M. Chiumenti

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2006). Vol. 196 (1-3), pp. 304-320

Abstract
This paper describes a procedure for the solution of problems involving tensile cracking using the so-called smeared crack approach, that is, standard finite elements with continuous displacement fields and a standard local constitutive model with strain-softening. An isotropic Rankine damage model is considered. The softening modulus is adjusted according to the material fracture energy and the element size. The resulting continuum and discrete mechanical problems are analyzed and the question of predicting correctly the direction of crack propagation is deemed as the main difficulty to be overcome in the discrete problem. It is proposed to use a crack tracking technique to attain the desired stability and convergence properties of the corresponding formulation. Numerical examples show that the resulting procedure is well-posed, stable and remarkably robust; the results obtained do not seem to suffer from spurious mesh-size or mesh-bias dependence.
Abstract
This paper describes a procedure for the solution of problems involving tensile cracking using the so-called smeared crack approach, that is, standard finite elements [...]
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On the orthogonal subgrid scale pressure stabilization of finite deformation J2 plasticity
C. Agelet de Saracibar, M. Chiumenti, Q. Valverde, M. Cervera

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2006). Vol. 195 (9-12), pp. 1224-1251

Abstract
The use of stabilization methods is becoming an increasingly well-accepted technique due to their success in dealing with numerous numerical pathologies that arise in a variety of applications in computational mechanics. In this paper a multiscale finite element method technique to deal with pressure stabilization of nearly incompressibility problems in nonlinear solid mechanics at finite deformations is presented. A J2-flow theory plasticity model at finite deformations is considered. A mixed formulation involving pressure and displacement fields is used as starting point. Within the finite element discretization setting, continuous linear interpolation for both fields is considered. To overcome the Babuška–Brezzi stability condition, a multiscale stabilization method based on the orthogonal subgrid scale (OSGS) technique is introduced. A suitable nonlinear expression of the stabilization parameter is proposed. The main advantage of the method is the possibility of using linear triangular or tetrahedral finite elements, which are easy to generate and, therefore, very convenient for practical industrial applications. Numerical results obtained using the OSGS stabilization technique are compared with results provided by the P1 standard Galerkin displacements linear triangular/tetrahedral element, P1/P1 standard mixed linear displacements/linear pressure triangular/tetrahedral element and Q1/P0 mixed bilinear/trilinear displacements/constant pressure quadrilateral/hexahedral element for 2D/3D nearly incompressible problems in the context of a nonlinear finite deformation J2 plasticity model.
Abstract
The use of stabilization methods is becoming an increasingly well-accepted technique due to their success in dealing with numerous numerical pathologies that arise in a variety [...]
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Mixed linear/linear simplicial elements for incompressible elasticity and plasticity
M. Cervera, M. Chiumenti, Q. Valverde, C. Agelet de Saracibar

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2003). Vol. 192 (49-50), pp. 5249-5263

Abstract
This paper exploits the concept of orthogonal sub-grid scales to stabilize the behaviour of mixed linear/linear simplicial elements (triangles and tetrahedra) in incompressible or nearly incompressible situations. Both incompressible elastic and J2-plastic constitutive behaviours have been considered. The different assumptions and approximations used to derive the method are exposed. Implementation and computational aspects are also discussed, showing that a robust application of the proposed formulation is feasible. Numerical examples show that the elements derived are free of volumetric locking and spurious oscillations of the pressure, and that the results obtained compare favourably with those obtained with the Q1P0 quadrilateral.
Abstract
This paper exploits the concept of orthogonal sub-grid scales to stabilize the behaviour of mixed linear/linear simplicial elements (triangles and tetrahedra) in incompressible [...]
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Simulación numérica del comportamiento no lineal de presas de hormigón ante acciones sísmicas
M. Galindo, J. Oliver, M. Cervera

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1993). MIS03, ISBN: 84-87867-38-3

Abstract
Desde una perspectiva metodológica general, el presente estudio pretende desarrollar una herramienta basada en la utilización del diseño asistido por ordenador para el análisis numérico del comportamiento resistente de presas de hormigón, a la vez que una metodología de aplicación de la misma para el análisis de seguridad de las presas. Para este propósito, se ha intentado desarrollar un sistema genérico, modular y unificador, que permita tener en cuenta los más diversos factores como el comportamiento no-lineal del material, la interacción con el terreno y el fluido del embalse, la acción de cargas estáticas y dinámicas o la excitación sísmica.
Abstract
Desde una perspectiva metodológica general, el presente estudio pretende desarrollar una herramienta basada en la utilización del diseño asistido por [...]
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Control predictivo en sistemas de protección sísmica de estructuras
R. Andrade, J. Rodellar, F. Almansa

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1993). MIS02, ISBN: 84-87867-37-5

Abstract
En este trabajo se propone una metodología para diseñar sistemas de control activo de estructuras utilizando un algoritmo de control basado en la estrategia de control predictivo. Se considera que el diseño del sistema de control cosiste en seleccionar el número, el tipo, las características y la posición de los sensores y actuadores, y en escoger los valores de los parámetros que definen la estrategia de control predictivo. La metodología propuesta puede aplicarse de forma numérica o experimental. En este trabajo se utiliza simulación numérica pero en aplicaciones reales el diseño final debe ir precedido de ensayos experimentales siguiendo la metodología descrita en este trabajo.
Abstract
En este trabajo se propone una metodología para diseñar sistemas de control activo de estructuras utilizando un algoritmo de control basado en la estrategia [...]
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Qualitative reasoning for earthquake resistant buildings
L. Rotondo

Monograph Series in Earthquake Engineering, editor A. H. Barbat (1993). MIS01

Abstract
Qualitative reasoning is a new field of research from artificial intelligence that derives the behavior of a model from a high-level representation of the fundamental principles of the domain, and the geometry andtopology of the model. Qualitative reasoning is useful for evaluating concepetual designs of earthquake resistant buildings because it derives values for parameters even with incomplete and imprecise knowledge about the model, which is particularly importante for the conceptual design stage.
Abstract
Qualitative reasoning is a new field of research from artificial intelligence that derives the behavior of a model from a high-level representation of the fundamental principles [...]
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A stabilized formulation for incompressible elasticity using linear displacement and pressure interpolations
M. Chiumenti, Q. Valverde, C. Agelet de Saracibar, M. Cervera

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2002). Vol. 191 (46), pp. 5253-5264

Abstract
In this paper a stabilized finite element method to deal with incompressibility in solid mechanics is presented. A mixed formulation involving pressure and displacement fields is used and a continuous linear interpolation is considered for both fields. To overcome the Babuška–Brezzi condition, a stabilization technique based on the orthogonal sub-scale method is introduced. The main advantage of the method is the possibility of using linear triangular or tetrahedral finite elements, which are easy to generate for real industrial applications. Results are compared with standard Galerkin and Q1P0 mixed formulations for nearly incompressible problems in the context of linear elasticity.
Abstract
In this paper a stabilized finite element method to deal with incompressibility in solid mechanics is presented. A mixed formulation involving pressure and displacement fields [...]
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Mesh objective modeling of cracks using continuous linear strain and displacement interpolations
M. Cervera, M. Chiumenti, R. Codina

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. (2011). Vol. 87 (10), pp. 962-987

Abstract
The paper addresses the problem of tensile and mixed‐mode cracking within the so‐called smeared crack approach. Because lack of point‐wise convergence on stresses is deemed as the main difficulty to be overcome in the discrete problem, a (stabilized) mixed formulation with continuous linear strain and displacement interpolations is used. The necessary convergence rate can be proved for such a formulation, at least in the linear problem. Two standard local isotropic Rankine damage models with strain‐softening, differing in the definition of the damage criteria, are used as discrete constitutive model. Numerical examples demonstrate the application of the proposed formulation using linear triangular P1P1 and bilinear quadrilateral Q1Q1 mixed elements. The results obtained do not suffer from spurious mesh‐bias dependence without the use of auxiliary tracking techniques.
Abstract
The paper addresses the problem of tensile and mixed‐mode cracking within the so‐called smeared crack approach. Because lack of point‐wise convergence on stresses is [...]
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A smeared‐embedded mesh‐corrected damage model for tensile cracking
M. Cervera

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. (2008). Vol. 76 (12), pp. 1930-1954

Abstract
Traditional smeared orthotropic models display an unacceptable dependence of the solution on the alignment of the mesh, which usually manifests as stress locking. A solution for this drawback is proposed in this paper by adopting the concept of embedded inelastic strains, rather than displacement jumps, and by linking the structure of the inelastic strain to the geometry of the cracked element. The resulting model, applicable to linear 3‐noded triangles, is formulated as a non‐symmetric orthotropic local damage constitutive model, with the softening modulus regularized according to the material fracture energy and the element size. Analytical and numerical results show that this approach is effective in removing the locking problem as well as efficient from the computational point of view.
Abstract
Traditional smeared orthotropic models display an unacceptable dependence of the solution on the alignment of the mesh, which usually manifests as stress locking. A solution [...]
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Thermo‐mechanical analysis of industrial solidification processes
M. Cervera, C. Agelet de Saracibar, M. Chiumenti

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. (1999). Vol. 46 (9), pp. 1575-1591

Abstract
The paper presents an up‐to‐date finite element numerical model for fully coupled thermo‐mechanical problems, focussing in the simulation of solidification processes of industrial metal parts. The proposed constitutive model is defined by a thermo‐visco‐elasto‐(visco)plastic free energy function which includes a contribution for thermal multiphase changes. Mechanical and thermal properties are assumed to be temperature‐dependent, and viscous‐like strains are introduced to account for the variation of the elastic moduli during the cooling process. The continuous transition between the initial fluid‐like and the final solid‐like behaviour of the part is modelled by considering separate viscous and elasto‐plastic responses as a function of the solid fraction. Thermo‐mechanical contact conditions between the mould and the part are specifically considered, assuming that the heat flux is a function of the normal pressure and the thermal and mechanical gaps. A fractional step method arising from an operator split of the governing equations is used to solve the non‐linear coupled system of equations, leading to a staggered product formula solution algorithm suitable for large‐scale computations. Representative simulations of industrial solidification processes are shown, and comparison of computed results using the proposed model with available experimental data is given.
Abstract
The paper presents an up‐to‐date finite element numerical model for fully coupled thermo‐mechanical problems, focussing in the simulation of solidification processes [...]
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Estudio de la distribución transitoria del gas en redes urbanas por el método de los elementos finitos
B. Suárez, E. Oñate

Anales de Ingeniería Mecánica (1984). Vol. 2 (1), pp. 59-68

Abstract
Se representa una formulación por elementos finitos que permite simular la distribución transitoria de presiones y caudales del gas en redes urbanas. Esta formulación, que parte de las ecuaciones básicas que proporciona la mecánica de fluidos para la circulación de un gas en régimen variable por conductos cilíndricos, utiliza elementos finitos unidimensionales parabólicos para discretizar los distintos tramos de la red y un esquema paso a paso de integración en el tiempo que supone una variación lineal de la presión del gas en cada intervalo de tiempo. La formulación se aplica al caso real de la red media presión de la ciudad de Barcelona utilizando algunos resultados experimentales para confirmar su eficiencia y aproximación.
Abstract
Se representa una formulación por elementos finitos que permite simular la distribución transitoria de presiones y caudales del gas en redes urbanas. Esta formulación, [...]
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Foreword: special issue on particles finite element method in multi-physics problems
S. Idelsohn

Comp. Part. Mech (2017). Vol. 4 (3), pp. 249-249

Abstract
Particle-based methods in which each material particle is followed in a Lagrangian manner have been used successfully in the last years for different applications. One of the latest evolution of particle-based methods is the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM). The PFEM combines the particle precept with the FEM shape functions using an auxiliary FE mesh. This mesh may be quickly rebuilt at each time step (PFEM with moving mesh) or may be a fixed mesh (PFEM with fixed mesh). In the last case, the results from the Lagrangian particles are projected at each time iteration on a fixed mesh. The idea of combining FMs with moving particles was originally used in the so-called Particle in Cell method and later in an extension called the Material Point Method (MPM), which uses an FE background mesh. Despite that both PFEM and MPM employ a fixed FE mesh and a set of Lagrangian particles, there are important differences in the way the particles are employed; in the MPM, all computations are performed on the mesh, while in the PFEM, the aim is to calculate as much as possible on the particles, leaving small corrections to be performed on the mesh. Furthermore, the most important difference is that in PFEM, the particles do not represent a fixed amount of mass but rather material points that transport only intrinsic properties. This allows using a variable number of particles and therefore simplifying refinement. The PFEM has been successfully used to solve the Navier–Stokes equations and fluid–structure interaction problems as well as solid mechanics problems. The advantages of the PFEM concerning the tracking of internal interfaces have also been explored and used to solve multi-fluid flows. The possibility to use PFEM to solve nonlinear problems with large time-steps in order to obtain an accurate and fast solution was also successfully presented for the solution of the homogeneous incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. This new strategy was named PFEM second generation (PFEM-2). The enhanced PFEM-2 version to solve multi-phase problems, preserves the large time-step goodnesses of the single-phase strategy, also includes enrichment strategies to capture discontinuities in the pressure gradient, i.e., pressure kinks. This special issue is a collection of nine technical papers presenting the state-of-the-art in modeling and simulations of solid and fluid mechanics problems at different scales involving the Particle Finite Element Method as well in his original version (PFEM) as in his new upgrade (PFEM-2).
Abstract
Particle-based methods in which each material particle is followed in a Lagrangian manner have been used successfully in the last years for different applications. One [...]
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Pedro Rueda Ramírez & Lluís Agustí (coords.), «La publicidad del libro en el mundo hispánico (siglos XVII-XX): los catálogos de venta de libreros y editores», Barcelona, Calambur, 2016 («Biblioteca Litterae», 34), 371 pp.
R. Gregori Roig

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2019). Vol. 34, (1), 16

Abstract
Book review: Pedro Rueda Ramírez & Lluís Agustí (coords.), La publicidad del libro en el mundo hispánico (siglos XVII-XX): los catálogos de venta de libreros y editores, Barcelona, Calambur, 2016 («Biblioteca Litterae», 34), 371 pp., ISBN: 978-84- 8359-384-4.
Abstract
Book review: Pedro Rueda Ramírez & Lluís Agustí (coords.), La publicidad del libro en el mundo hispánico (siglos XVII-XX): los catálogos de venta de libreros y editores, [...]
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Vanessa Bretxa, Llorenç Comajoan-Colomé & F. Xavier Vila, «Les veus del professorat: L’ensenyament i la gestió de les llengües a secundària», Barcelona, Horsori, 2017, 161 pp.
P. Comellas Casanova

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2019). Vol. 34, (1), 15

Abstract
Book review: Vanessa Bretxa, Llorenç Comajoan-Colomé & F. Xavier Vila, Les veus del professorat: L’ensenyament i la gestió de les llengües a secundària, Barcelona, Horsori, 2017, 161 pp., ISBN 978-84-15212-54-6.
Abstract
Book review: Vanessa Bretxa, Llorenç Comajoan-Colomé & F. Xavier Vila, Les veus del professorat: L’ensenyament i la gestió de les llengües a secundària, Barcelona, [...]
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Josep E. Rubio, «Raymond Lulle: le langage et la raison. Une introduction à la genèse de l’Ars», «Conférences Pierre Abélard», París, Vrin, 2017, 140 pp.
R. Hughes

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2019). Vol. 34, (1), 14

Abstract
Book review: Josep E. Rubio, Raymond Lulle: le langage et la raison. Une introduction à la genèse de l’Ars, «Conférences Pierre Abélard», París, Vrin, 2017, 140 pp., ISBN: 978-2-7116-2714-1.
Abstract
Book review: Josep E. Rubio, Raymond Lulle: le langage et la raison. Une introduction à la genèse de l’Ars, «Conférences Pierre Abélard», París, Vrin, 2017, 140 pp., [...]
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Carles-Jordi Guardiola, «Carles Riba. Retrat de grup. Protagonistes de la cultura catalana del segle XX», València, Edicions 3i4, 2017, 271 pp.
J. Veny-Mesquida

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2019). Vol. 34, (1), 13

Abstract
Book review: Carles-Jordi Guardiola, Carles Riba. Retrat de grup. Protagonistes de la cultura catalana del segle XX, València, Edicions 3i4, 2017, 271 pp., ISBN: 978-84-16789-69-6.
Abstract
Book review: Carles-Jordi Guardiola, Carles Riba. Retrat de grup. Protagonistes de la cultura catalana del segle XX, València, Edicions 3i4, 2017, 271 pp., ISBN: 978-84-1[...]
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Emili Samper, ed. (2016), «The Myths of the Republic: Literature and Identity», Kassel, Edition Reichenberger, 242 pp.
M. Llombart Huesca

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2019). Vol. 34, (1), 12

Abstract
Book review: Emili Samper, ed. (2016), The Myths of the Republic: Literature and Identity, Kassel, Edition Reichenberger, 242 pp., ISBN 978-3-944244-53-2.
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Francesc Foguet i Boreu, «El teatro catalán en el exilio republicano de 1939», Biblioteca del Exilio (Anejos 28), Sevilla, Renacimiento, 2016, 203 pp.
H. Buffery

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2019). Vol. 34, (1), 11

Abstract
Book review: Francesc Foguet i Boreu, El teatro catalán en el exilio republicano de 1939, Biblioteca del Exilio (Anejos 28), Sevilla, Renacimiento, 2016, 203 pp., ISBN: 9788416685646.
Abstract
Book review: Francesc Foguet i Boreu, El teatro catalán en el exilio republicano de 1939, Biblioteca del Exilio (Anejos 28), Sevilla, Renacimiento, 2016, 203 pp., ISBN: [...]
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Aspects of transitivity at the beginning of Modern Catalan
A. Pineda

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2019). Vol. 34, (1), 10

Abstract
In this corpus study we make a first approach to different aspects of transitivity, understood as a phenomenon with multiple faces, in the texts corresponding to the beginning of Modern Catalan (17th century, with a especial emphasis on the first half of the century). In particular, we deal with the case of several verbs showing an hesitating behaviour between the transitive and the intransitive use, and we undertake the study of this aspect from the point of view of differential object marking, since the alternations in these verbs may be confusing when analysing the pervasiveness of direct object introduced by a (see § 2). Next, also taking differential object marking as the reference point, we focus on the constructions that favour significantly the use of this marking in front of direct objects (see § 3). Finally, we briefly deal with some other interesting aspects of transitivity in the texts of the beginning of Modern Catalan, such as the use of unergative verbs in transitive patterns including a cognate direct object, or the causativization of intransitive verbs of motion (see § 4).
Abstract
In this corpus study we make a first approach to different aspects of transitivity, understood as a phenomenon with multiple faces, in the texts corresponding to the beginning [...]
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«Que ja·s parla different que·sparlava deu anys ha esta part». Modern Catalan: The indispensable link in the chain of linguistic history of Catalan
M. Massanell i Messalles

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2019). Vol. 34, (1), 9

Abstract
In this paper we review the causes that have led to the long-established underestimation of Catalan texts from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and the first third of the nineteenth, which is why the linguistic study of Modern Catalan has received less attention than the study of Catalan language from other periods. Despite this situation, we point out some linguistic innovations of Modern Catalan that make its study very attractive and, at the same time, very necessary to achieve a complete knowledge of the evolutionary phases of Catalan from its origin to our days and, especially, to understand the linguistic changes that turned Old Catalan into a modern language very close to the one used today. Finally, because of the next culmination of the Computerized Corpus of Modern Catalan, that will allow researchers to introduce corpus linguistics into the study of Catalan from 1601 to 1833, we refer to the advantages that corpus linguistics, combined with the philological method, brings to diachronic linguistics.
Abstract
In this paper we review the causes that have led to the long-established underestimation of Catalan texts from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and the first third [...]
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The analysis of lexical change in specialized discourse
M. Lorente Casafont

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2019). Vol. 34, (1), 8

Abstract
This text explores the incipient approach to the analysis of language change in specialized communicative contexts. From history of science and terminology, incursions have been made in the subject of the evolution of the specialized discourse, but neither the theory of change nor the methodology of the analysis of variation have been applied. In this first work we expose briefly the main items which regulate the study of language change and a synthesis of the main lexical changes (neology, loanwords, lexicalization and minor grammaticalization), to conclude what theoretical and methodological adjustments should be introduced and what kind of analysis that should be done with the purpose of analyzing initiated and stabilized changes in specialized discourses. This first approach focuses on the topic of change towards medical discourse, due to the relevance of the intersection between communication and health in the current research.
Abstract
This text explores the incipient approach to the analysis of language change in specialized communicative contexts. From history of science and terminology, incursions have [...]
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Beyond grammaticalization: The evolution of «no obstant això» in Catalan
M. Garachana

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2019). Vol. 34, (1), 7

Abstract
The aim of this piece of work is to analyse the emergence of the discursive marker no obstant això ‘however’ in Catalan. This evolution allows us to emphasize that not every change in grammar should be studied from the point of view of Theory of Grammaticalization. At the same time, the grammatical history of no obstant això highlights the need to analyse the syntactic changes within the social and cultural context in which they occurred. In the case of no obstant això, a careful study of its first occurrences in Catalan shows that, far from being the result of a grammaticalization, this marker arose as a result of the grammatical loaning of a particle originating in Medieval Latin.
Abstract
The aim of this piece of work is to analyse the emergence of the discursive marker no obstant això ‘however’ in Catalan. This evolution allows us to emphasize that not [...]
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From Petrés to Bigastre: an excursion through the language of Valencian settlement letters from 17th century
F. Feliu, J. Ferrer

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2019). Vol. 34, (1), 6

Abstract
The town charters of modern period, very abundant in the Valencian Country, mainly as a result of the repopulations that followed the expulsion of the Moriscos (1609), have not been studied so far from a linguistic point of view to a large extent because until a few years ago we did not have a significant repertoire of this type of documents. These are texts of legal linguistic variety that directly affected the life of an important part of the population —also, indirectly, the idea that people could have of their native language. This paper attempts to make a first approach to the study of Valencian town charters from the 17th century, evaluating the degree of persistence of the use of Valencian in these texts, as well as the persistence of traditional linguistic models.
Abstract
The town charters of modern period, very abundant in the Valencian Country, mainly as a result of the repopulations that followed the expulsion of the Moriscos (1609), have [...]
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Presentation of the monograph «La gramàtica del català de l’edat moderna. Un avanç»
J. Martines

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2019). Vol. 34, (1), 5

Abstract
Presentation of the monograph «La gramàtica del català de l’edat moderna. Un avanç», number 66 (Spring 2019) of Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia.
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