Abstract

Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are imperative now, in view of the resulting effects of climate change and man-made alterations in coastal areas. The perspective to address coastal solutions may not be possible to be limited exclusively to ecological solutions. This article, based on a literature review, focuses on hybrid solutions for coastal erosion control. The review highlights examples from around the World that can be applied to islands, having Puerto Rico (PR) as a typical scenario. It presents a summary of how gray infrastructure commonly applied in the past decades can be re-designed and adapted to integrate natural solutions. This article provides significant facts about the merits of structural, ecological, and economical aspects that should be considered on NbS projects. This article helps understand the state of practice and possible solutions that can be implemented, especially, in tropical and sub-tropical regions.