Results for "Urban economics" : Scipedia

3r Congrés d'Economia i Empresa de Catalunya - Abstracts

EL RETO DE LA COLABORACIÓN PÚBLICO-PRIVADA EN EL COMERCIO URBANO: LOS “BUSINESS IMPROVEMENT DISTRICTS” EN CATALUNYA

Abstract

Las ciudades siempre han sido foco de vitalidad gracias al poder de sus calles para conectar gente, ideas, creatividad y, en última instancia, prosperidad. Mucha de esta vitalidad está ligada al comercio y a la actividad que desarrolla como catalizador y tractor no [...]

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Collection of open thesis in transport research

Agent-based simulations in urban economics: Applications to traffic congestion and housing markets

Abstract

Simulations have considerable potential for the analysis of the evolution of economics systems, a subject often neglected by mainstream economics where the focus is on static equilibria. This thesis investigates the potential of this approach in urban economics. The purpose is to examine how global phenomena emerge from the interactions of economic agents. This is a promising method as a classical economics, lacking the appropriate analytic tools, concentrates on the existence of equilibria and refrains from investigating their stability. This study demonstrates the potential of simulations in three models. Firstly, in a standard model of traffic congestion it is shown that the Nash equilibrium is unstable and cannot be reached dynamically. Secondly, it is shown that simulations of the formation of urban land rents, reproduce elements of the theoretical equilibrium, and also endogenous vacancies, which are an important real-world phenomenon. Thirdly, an agent-based model of the housing market, which reproduces important empirical phenomena such as price dispersion, non-zero search times and vacancies, has been developed. The model provides a basis for the exploration of the complex dynamics of this market.; Les simulations représentent une méthode de choix pour analyser la dynamique d'évolution des systèmes, que l'économie classique laisse de côté car elle s'intéresse essentiellement à l'équilibre. Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié l'intérêt d'une telle approche dans le cas des systèmes d'économie urbaine. Il s'agit de comprendre comment des interactions entre des agents économiques émergent dans l'état global du système, en s'intéressant notamment à la dynamique de convergence vers un éventuel équilibre. Cette méthode est prometteuse, car faute de méthodes analytiques performantes, l'économie classique ne s'intéresse en général qu'aux équilibres, sans se soucier des possibilités concrètes pour l'atteindre. Notre étude a montré l'intérêt des simulations dans trois cas précis. D'abord, dans un modèle classique de la congestion routière il est démontré que l'équilibre prédit par la théorie économique était instable, et qu'il ne pouvait pas être atteint en pratique. Ensuite, il est démontré que des simulations de la formation de la rente foncière urbaine dans un modèle simple, permettaient de retrouver certains aspects de l'équilibre classique, mais rajoutaient de manière endogène un élément important : le taux de vacances observé dans la réalité. Enfin, nous avons développé un modèle multi-agents du marché immobilier, qui permet de retrouver des phénomènes empiriques importants telle que la dispersion des prix, des temps de recherche non nuls et des logements vacants. Le modèle autorise aussi une exploration de la dynamique complexe de ce marché.

Abstract

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Collection of open chapters of books in transport research

Lock in effects of road expansion on co2 emissions results from a core periphery model of beijing

Abstract

In the urban planning literature, it is frequently explicitly asserted or strongly implied that ongoing urban sprawl and decentralization can lead to development patterns that are unsustainable in the long run. One manifestation of such an outcome is that if extensive road investments [...]

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Collection of open chapters of books in transport research

Urban form and productivity what is the shape of latin american cities

Abstract

This paper examines the linkages between urban form and city productivity, using alternative metrics for urban form and applying them to a comprehensive sample of Latin American cities. Although most of the literature has concentrated on the effects of population density (compact [...]

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Collection of open chapters of books in transport research

The Morphology of African Cities

Abstract

This paper illustrates how the capabilities of GIS and satellite imagery can be harnessed to explore and better understand the urban form of several large African cities (Addis Ababa, Nairobi, Kigali, Dar es Salaam, and Dakar). To allow for comparability across very diverse cities, [...]

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Collection of open chapters of books in transport research

Matchmaking in nairobi the role of land use

Abstract

Well-functioning cities reduce the economic distance between people and economic opportunities. Cities thrive because they enable matchmaking -- among people, among firms, and between people and job opportunities. This paper examines employment accessibility in Nairobi, Kenya and [...]

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Collection of open chapters of books in transport research

Reducing traffic congestion in beirut an empirical analysis of selected policy options

Abstract

Beirut, the capital city of Lebanon, faces huge traffic congestion, the cost of which is estimated to be more than 2 percent of the city's gross regional product. Effective policies are needed, based on weighing their overall economic cost and benefit to society. This study developed [...]

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Collection of closed chapters of books in transport research

On Traffic Congestion Models à la Mohring and Harwitz

Abstract

far as we know, the problem of existence of a maximiser of the welfare function in traffic congestion models a la Mohring and Harwitz has never been posed. In this chapter we present a mathematically rigorous existence result and take the opportunity to provide a similar variant [...]

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Collection of closed chapters of books in transport research

Dual Earners, Urban Labour Markets and Housing Demand

Abstract

This chapter replicates Costa and Kahn's analysis of locational choices of highly educated couples for the Netherlands. We find increasing concentration of such power couples in the urbanised western part of the country. This trend occurs in spite of the absence of an urban [...]

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