Abstract

Thermal pack management is dependent on the duty cycle and vehicle use. Thermal modelling of the pack for design, as well as active measures in operation to reduce thermal loads during operation can greatly improve the lifetime of the pack. Advances in state estimation, measurement [...]

Abstract

The plug-in hybrid electric vehicle allows vehicle propulsion from multiple internal power sources. Electric energy from the grid can be utilized by means of the plug-in connection. An on-line energy management (EM) strategy is proposed to minimize the costs for taking energy from [...]

Abstract

n 80 V bipolar lead-acid battery was constructed and tested using hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) drive cycles. Drive cycles with a peak power of 6.7 kW, equal to 1/5 of the total power profile required for the HEV studied, were run successfully. Model calculations showed that the 80 [...]