Abstract

The concept of open science is analyzed using the model of scientific revolutions coined by Thomas Kuhn. In this way, open science is a paradigm shift in research and, therefore, involves substantial procedural modifications. It is a model promoted by the European Commission who gathered public opinion in Europe about it. The reasons for making this change are not only social (the wealth of society is based on innovation), but also scientific. In this new paradigm, science must be open, collaborative, and made with and for society. In order to explain the elements of open science, several metaphors are used in this article and always include open access, open data, open peer review, and open software. In some cases, open educational resources, citizen science, and open notebooks —although without unanimity— are also included. Finally, we consider future changes within scientific research, especially as they relate to library services.