Abstract

The Dutch national transport CO2 emissions are determined by summing individual cases: a particular vehicle, on a particular road and traffic situation. In this paper the different aspects and the relations among them, as used in emission predictions, are outlined. In particular the central role that the CO2 type-approval value (from the NEDC test) plays in the real-world CO2 emissions since 2000 is clarified. © The author(s) and/or their employer(s), 2012.

Abstract

Within the departments Environmentally Sustainable Transport and Automotive of TNO (Netherlands organisation for applied scientific research) several projects investigating safety aspects of electric vehicles have been conducted, including one in cooperation with KEMA and RDW of the Netherlands. Most attention in these projects was given to cars that were converted to electric, starting from conventional vehicles. This choice was made because most of the electric vehicles present in the Netherlands are of the converted kind. Only recently larger numbers of OEM Electric Vehicles have become available. In the study practical safety guidelines for the companies involved in the conversion business have been established. In general it can be concluded that converted vehicles carry greater safety risks due to the way they are made (retrofit) and different, less stringent approval tests for individually modified vehicles. This study presents a strategy to -focusing on safety- optimally convert to electric. Electric, functional as well as crash safety were covered and recommendations were given for each.

Abstract

In the invited talk 'Car2x with SDN, NFV and supercomputers' we report about how our past work with SDN [1, 2] allows the design of a smart mobility fieldlab in the huge parking lot the Amsterdam Arena. We explain how we can engineer and test software that handle the complex conditions of the Car2X case. The talk starts by describing the engineering challenges that developers of smart car telecommunications and computing infrastructures face. We concentrate on the development of software defined networks (SDN) that support smart cars optimally and securely over a heterogeneous, dynamic and developing ICT infrastructure. The goal here is to enable smart cars to profit maximally from any bit of information available from fixed and moving objects as well as persons. For example, in a low tech situation, the lack of other options makes that one has to fall back to GPRS to download only traffic jam locations. As a contrast, in an advanced telecom environment video streams from multiple cars are transmitted via 5G pico cells to computers a few millisecond nearby. These computers fuse the video information to generate a local traffic model. In an ultimate situation, cars use all the communications infrastructures that are available including the numerous WiFi hotspots, all generations of mobile telecommunications, the developing car-to-car communications technologies and even the smart phone of a passing person. SDN technologies deal with the complexities of such communication environment. © 2015 IEEE.