Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Currently, public-private partnership is actively developing in most countries of the world, and is an important factor in socio-economic development, improving the quality of life of the population, improving the environment, optimizing the use of financial, human and other resources for the implementation of socially significant projects. Public-private partnership is one of the mechanisms of a mixed economy, along with public procurement, mechanisms of nationalization and privatization, allowing the development of relations between business and the state.

Abstract

Sanctions and import substitution processes in Russian enterprises have changed not only the catalogue of equipment used but, in many cases, even technological processes. This is a serious challenge for the vocational education and training system (VET), that has to adapt to new economic environment. The purpose of the preprint is to find out to what extant Russian VET organizations are prepared to solve the problem of updating technologies and replacing previously imported equipment based on the data obtained during an empirical study. The study is based on the methodology of acquisition of empirical data using an electronic form of a questionnaire that included 22 closed questions. Primary results obtained were processed applying cluster analysis, generalization, grouping and ranking approaches. As a result: a low degree of readiness of Russian VET organizations to take part in solving problems of import substitution and to participate in achieving technological sovereignty goals set by Government was revealed. The contribution of employers to the process of modernizing facilities and equipment in VET organizations turned out to be much less than it was expected. Different management strategies used by an educational organization has a little effect on the quality of its infrastructure. Availability of financial sources in the regions of Russian Federation and capability of organizations to obtain them play the leading role. The nature and level of influence of different factors on the effectiveness of the processes of modernizing infrastructure and import substitution in VET organizations are defined. Differences in management strategies used by VET organizations to solve the problems of facilities and equipment (diversification of funding sources, cooperation with employers, import substitution planning, personnel training) are specified. A set of factors and management strategies to improve the efficiency of facilities and equipment modernization and import substitution processes have been defined. The pending problem areas of infrastructure management in VET organizations were identified.

Abstract

The task of increasing the effectiveness of economic policy and identifying the reasons for the success or failure of reforms, in particular in the field of sectoral regulation, remains topical both for practitioners – developers of new laws and for researchers. Canadian economist Claude Menard and a number of other followers of the new institutional economics are looking for a solution to this problem within the framework of meso-institutions – an intermediate link between the institutional environment (macro-institutions) and institutional agreements (micro-institutions). The concept of meso-institutions is not well-established, and even in the works of Claude Menard himself, it is evolving. The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of the mesoinstitutional level of analysis based on a review of studies on the factors of sustainable functioning and regulatory reforms in the international practice of industry development. A generalized definition of meso-institutions is formulated as following: meso-institutions are a set of mechanisms (regulatory rules) and tools/devices (organizations, such as a regulatory agency) that define the field of possible and permitted transactions between economic agents within the framework of general macro-rules, that ensure the performance of the functions of structuring relations, specifying and adapting rules, monitoring, as well as ensuring their execution. In addition, two directions of practical application of this theoretical development were identified: analysis of the causes of reform failures, and determination of the advantages and disadvantages of comparative institutional alternatives for interaction between business and the state in the sphere of regulation of industries. The comparative effectiveness of alternative meso-institutions depends on the conditions of the institutional environment, consisting of both formal and informal norms, on the structure of the industry, the forms of institutional agreements prevailing in it, and other factors.