Results for "Masonry Infills" : Scipedia

14th WCCM-ECCOMAS Congress 2020

Seismic Demand of Masonry Infills in R.C. Structures Accounting for the In-Plane/Out-of-Plane Interaction

Abstract

The out-of-plane verification of unreinforced masonry infills (MIs) placed at different floor levels of a building is generally carried out through simplified methods, but seismic events in Italy (e.g. L'Aquila, 2009) and worldwide (e.g. Northridge, 1994) have highlighted that code provisions may result in wrong estimations of safety. The types of damage observed for MIs are usually a combination of, or an interaction between, in-plane (IP) and outof-plane (OOP) mechanisms. Specifically, the IP drift ratio is generally reduced at the upper storeys of buildings, where the OOP drift ratio increases due to an increase of seismic acceleration. Significant OOP damage may also take place at the lower storeys where the highest values of IP drift ratio are attained. The present work is aimed at identifying the effects of the IP and OOP nonlinear interaction of MIs on their seismic behaviour and acceleration demand. A five-element macro-model comprising four diagonal nonlinear beams and one (horizontal) central nonlinear truss for the prediction of the OOP and IP behaviour of MIs, respectively, is first implemented in a C++ computer code for the nonlinear dynamic analysis of r.c. infilled framed structures. The proposed algorithm addresses the issue of nonlinear interaction by modifying stiffness and strength values of the MI in the OOP direction on the basis of simultaneous or prior IP damage and vice versa. Moreover, a lumped plasticity model describes the inelastic behaviour of r.c. frame members, including a 26-flat surface modelling of the axial load-biaxial bending moment elastic domain at the end sections where inelastic deformations are expected. A spatial one-bay multi-storey shear-type model is considered as equivalent to infilled r.c. framed buildings. In particular, the dependence of the results on variation of the following design parameters is considered: i.e. number of storeys; bay length; aspect ratio of MIs, with two leaves of clay hollow bricks, defined as the ratio between the panel length and height; strength level of the r.c. framed structure. Biaxial spectrum-compatible accelerograms are considered at ultimate limit states. A review of the current Italian (NTC18), European (EC8) and American (FEMA356) code provisions is performed by means of comparison with analyses results.

Abstract

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WCCM-APCOM 2022

Code-Oriented Floor Acceleration Response Spectra of RC Framed Buildings Accounting for Nonlinear Response of Masonry Infills

Abstract

Modern code-oriented elastic floor response spectra formulations for RC framed structures do not take into account effects of non-negligible nonstructural components in terms of mass and stiffness, such as masonry infills (MIs). MIs nonlinear behaviour can be represented through the combination and mutual interaction between the in-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OOP) responses. The present work is aimed at identifying the effect of IP and OOP nonlinear modelling assumptions on floor acceleration response spectra, consistently with the required seismic intensity level for simplified verification of life-threatening nonstructural elements. To this end, a spatial one-bay multi-storey shear-type model is considered as equivalent to infilled RC framed buildings with common double-leaf MIs. Additional variability of the following design parameters is considered: number of storeys (three, five and seven); behaviour factor (low, 1.5, medium, 3, and high, 4.5); OOP strength of MIs, with lower and upper bound values corresponding to oneand two-way arching mechanisms, respectively. A recently proposed computer code, that includes a five-element nonlinear infill macro-model comprising four diagonal OOP beams and one (horizontal) central IP truss, is considered for the numerical investigation. The proposed algorithm modifies stiffness and strength values of MIs in the OOP direction on the basis of simultaneous or prior IP damage and vice versa. Moreover, a lumped plasticity model describes the inelastic behaviour of RC frame members. Biaxial spectrum-compatible accelerograms are considered at life-safety limit state provided by the Italian seismic code. A simplified code-oriented formulation for the evaluation of floor response spectra of infilled RC framed structures is proposed. Nonstructural maximum acceleration is firstly evaluated by means of vertical and nonstructural amplification factors. Continuous wavelet transforms are used to calibrate parameters that define the resonance region width, accounting for moving resonance due to nonlinearity and higher modes effects. Parabolic and Gaussian curves are considered in order to reproduce preand post-resonance regions, respectively. Finally, a code-oriented proposal is compared to exact elastic and inelastic floor spectra of MIs evaluated over their common range of OOP vibration periods.

Abstract

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