Abstract

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is common in low-middle-income countries caused by inappropriate and irrational use of antibiotics in humans and animals. Bangladesh has very limited information on antibiotic use and associated resistance. This study explored the prescribing pattern of antibiotics uses among children visiting a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. We conducted a crosssectional study among 400 hospitalized children less than 5 years of age from February to April, 2019, in a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. Among the 400 children, >50% belonged to the age group for less than 1 year and >60% were male. The average hospital stay period was 3 days (range 1–14 days). The majority of the children had a history of respiratory illnesses (32.2%) and 31% had diarrhea. Most of the children (81.7%) were prescribed one or more antibiotics. The average number of antibiotics per child was 1.17. A combined form of antibiotics was prescribed in 17.43% of children. A total of 14 different antibiotics were prescribed. The most common antibiotic was ceftriaxone (62.39%), followed by azithromycin (18.65%). The parental route was mostly preferred (74.92%) for antibiotic administration. The antibiotic prescription was common in children less than 5 years of age visiting a tertiary level hospital. Most of the prescribed antibiotics were broad spectrum that can promote bacterial resistance. The study’s finding is useful to draw attention to the public health policymakers for taking necessary actions on the appropriate use of antibiotics among children in Bangladesh.

Abstract

Abstract

Urinary infections frequently presents recurrences, justifying repeated treatments that can lead to bacterial resistance, which has become a public health problem. The objective of this work is to determine the sensitivity patterns of bacterial strains isolated from patients with mild urinary tract infection in Barquisimeto, Lara state in the period January - July 2017. This is a quantitative, descriptive and transversal research. The universe consisted of 715 patients with suspected urinary infection. The sample selected was 525 patients who attended the clinic of the Cooperativa Cecosesola. Samples were processed according to CLSI procedures for culture and antibiogram. The results were analyzed with the Microsoft Excel 2010 program. In 33% (175) of the samples, bacterial growth was obtained. The female gender predominated in 85% of the samples analyzed. The results obtained indicated that the isolated bacterial strains were Escherichia coli (75%), Enterobacter cloacae (10%), Proteus species (7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2%) and others (2%; cocos Gram Positives and Candida spp). 85% of the strains of E. coli were sensitive to quinolones, 80% to aminoglycosides, 75% to nitrofurantoin, 50% to trimethoprim sulfate and only 40% to cephalexin. The data obtained indicates that antimicrobials useful in the treatment of urinary tract infections in the study population are quinolones, aminoglycosides and nitrofurantoin as a third option.