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Part 7: Networking; International audience; In this paper, we consider the problem of finding itineraries in bus networks under multiple independent optimization criteria, namely arrival time at destination and number of transfers. It is also allowed to walk from one stop to another if the two stops are located within a small distance. A time–dependent model is proposed to solve this problem. While focusing on the network where the size of the Pareto set in the multi–criteria shortest path problem might grow exponentially, we develop an efficient algorithm with its speed–up techniques. An evaluation on the qualities of found paths and the empirical results of different implementations are given. The results show that the allowance of walking shortcuts between nearby stops gives a better route planning. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

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Part 5: Scheduling in Manufacturing and Other Applications; International audience; In this paper a new efficient tabu search algorithm for assigning freight to the intermodal transport connections was developed. There were also formulated properties of the problem that can be used to design robust heuristic algorithms based on the local search methods. The quality of solutions produced by the tabu search algorithm and by often recommended greedy approach were also compared. Document type: Conference object

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Part 5: Modelling and Optimization; International audience; In this paper, we address the problem of determining the optimal fleet size for Personal Rapid Transit system (PRT). In our problem, we consider electric battery and distance constraints which are found in real world application of the PRT system. To tackle this problem, we propose two valid mathematical formulations that are able to find optimal fleet size. Extensive computational experiments show that the edge based formulation performs impressively well, in terms of solution quality and computational time in comparison to the node based formulation. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

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Part 4: Infrastructures; International audience; Digital infrastructures (DI) that support information exchange related to international trade processes (here referred to as Digital Trade Infrastructures (DTI)) have been seen as an instrument to help address the trade facilitation and security challenges. Data pipelines can be seen as an example of a DTI. Data pipelines are IT innovations that enable the timely provision of data captured at the source from different information systems available in the supply chain. Using the pipeline companies can share information with authorities and enjoy trade facilitation in return. The benefits of such data pipelines have been showcased in demonstrator settings. However, outside the controlled environment of demonstrator installations, the adoption and growth of these DTIs has been limited. The benefits based on purely implementing the data pipeline are limited. Combining data pipeline capability with Coordinated Border Management (CBM) has potential to articulate more clear benefits for stakeholders and push further investments and wider adoption. In this paper based on the FloraHolland trade lane related to exporting flowers from Kenya to the Netherlands we discuss a data pipeline/CBM innovation. Through the conceptual lens of DI (examining architectural, process and governance dimensions) we demonstrate the potential benefits of data pipeline/CBM innovation and the complex alignment processes between business and government actors needed for the further adoption. From a theoretical point of view we enhance the understanding regarding the governance dimension of such data pipeline/CBM innovations by identifying four type of alignments processes involving businesses and government actors nationally and internationally. As such the paper contributes to the body of research on DI and more specifically DTI. Form a point of view of practice, the insights from our analysis can be used to better understand other data pipeline/CBM innovation alignment processes in other domains as well. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

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Part 2: Open and Smart Government; International audience; Smart cities focus on using existing resources in a better way to improve the urban environment. At the same time Big and Open Linked Data (BOLD) can be used to better understand the use of the resources and to suggest improvements. The objective of this paper is to investigate the complementariness of the smart cities and big and Open Data research streams. Two inductive cases concerning different aspects of smart cities, energy and mobility, are investigated. The idea of using BOLD for smart cities seems initially straightforward, but the cases show that this is complex. A taxonomy for forms of collecting and opening data is derived. A major challenge is to deal with data distributed over various data sources and how to align the data push with the citizens’ needs. This paper highlights a continuous scale between open and closed data and emphasizes that not only Open Data but also closed data should be used to identify improvements. BOLD can contribute to the ‘smartness’ of cities by linking and combining data or employing data or predictive analytics to improve better use of resources. A smart city only becomes smart when there are smart citizens, businesses, civil servants and other stakeholders. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

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Part 6: Modelling and Optimization; International audience; This paper presents model and an algorithmic approach for the problem of generation optimal tourist route for electric vehicles (EVs). In the discussed problem a starting and a final point of a route are EV charging stations where tourist could charge the battery and then continue a journey. The main objective is to select to the route points of interests (POIs) which maximizing tourist attractiveness. Furthermore maximum length of the route is limited by the number of kilometers that the car can travel on a single battery charge. The model applied by us is the graph routing problem named as the Orienteering Problem with Time Windows (OPTW). In OPTW each location has positive score and a specific time interval in which a location can be visited. The solution of OPTW is a route (from the given starting to the ending point) with a fixed limit of length including a subset of locations. Moreover the route maximizes the total score of the locations visited in the predefined time intervals. As a solution we present the evolutionary algorithm with combines path relinking method instead crossover. Computational experiments are conducted on realistic database POIs and EV charging stations of Podlasie region in Poland. Tests results and execution time of the algorithm shows that the described solution could be a part of EV software module with generates the most interesting route. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

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Part 5: Modelling and Optimization; International audience; Nowadays, different changes from the economical, societal and environmental contexts are happen in cities. In fact, cities are generally the best place to endorse and enhance various experience in order to improve the quality of life of its citizens. In this context, the new vision of Smart Mobility fill into this context. The concept of Smart Mobility as a means to enhance the mobility experience of citizen has been gaining increasing importance in the agendas of cities stakeholder. It represents the best balance the economic, environmental and societal aspect of current transportation tools. The implementation of the smart mobility concept in the case of Tunis city is the subject matter of the paper. In fact, we focus on considering the Personal Rapid Transit system as an effective and efficient tool to bring smart mobility experience to Tunis city. This paper also presents and study the viability of implementing PRT in our specific context. An extensive simulation and economic feasibility study is conducted to validate our proposal. Computational results prove the different advantages of our proposal in the studied context. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

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Part 5: Smart Cities; International audience; The advances in information and communication technology (ICT) have extended the applicability of citizen coproduction in government service delivery and have entailed transformative changes, especially at the city level. City governments around the globe increasingly rely on the private sector to set ICT-based urban innovations, like initiatives to involve citizens in the coproduction of smart mobility. Although there are many benefits of ICT-based coproduction, there is nevertheless the potential for tension between private companies and the government with whom they are cooperating. Those tensions are built on the differences in interests and values of private and public actors, and the way of realizing them, and they can compromise the vision and duty of the government. We, therefore, aim to understand the potential impact of private companies’ involvement on the expectations and perceptions of coproducing actors towards social-oriented and service-oriented public values. We conducted an exploratory in-depth case study of the smart bike-sharing system in one of the major cities in Flanders, Belgium. Data were collected through official documents and 27 semi-structured interviews with key coproducing actors. These data were then qualitatively analyzed using Nvivo software. Our exploratory case study indicated that the private actor upholds the realization of values such as efficiency, reliability, and ease of access by bringing in resources and expertise to coproduce smart mobility. However, certain social-oriented values like citizen empowerment and engagement, and (digital) inclusiveness are not part of the private partner’s vision. The study highlights the potential assets and risks for the realization of public values when dealing with conflicting interests between coproducing actors, and in this way considers a different angle on private companies’ involvement in the coproduction of public services. Document type: Conference object