Anti-Erosion Behavior and Mechanism of Novel Graphene-Modified WC Coatings under High-Velocity Solid-Liquid Impingement

Date:Novemer.9, 2025

Dear Editors:

On behalf of my co-authors, I am submitting the enclosed material “Anti-Erosion Behavior and Mechanism of Novel Graphene-Modified WC Coatings under High-Velocity Solid-Liquid Impingement” for Geoenergy Science and Engineering.

Author contribution:

Jiangshuai Wang:Conceptualization and Methodology.

Zixiao Song:Writing Original Draft and Writing Review & Editing.

Haobo Zhang:data collection.

Song Deng:Supervision.

Qianyu Ren:Investigation and Formal Analysis.

Bohan Zheng:Investigation and Validation.

This study investigates the erosion resistance of a novel graphene-modified tungsten carbide coating under high-speed solid-liquid two-phase flow. Experiments and numerical simulations analyzed the effects of flow velocity, sand particle size, concentration, and fluid temperature. Results show the erosion rate follows a power-law relationship with velocity. It increases significantly with sand diameters exceeding 0.5 mm and rises substantially with higher fluid temperatures, while sand concentration has a minor effect. SEM and simulations reveal that tungsten carbide enhances coating hardness, and graphene promotes a denser microstructure with reduced porosity, improving impact and erosion resistance. The coating demonstrates superior performance, making it highly suitable for enhancing PDC drill bit durability in complex downhole environments.

We have reviewed the final version of the manuscript and approve it for publication. To the best of our knowledge and belief, this manuscript has not been published in whole or in part nor is it being considered for publication elsewhere. We are willing to pay any associated publication fees.

Best Regards

Thanks very much for your attention to our paper.

Yours Sincerely,

Jiangshuai Wang

Changzhou University

E-mail: wjs125126@163.com