Diversidad florística y factores agroclimáticos en los Montes de María en Colombia: una revisión de la literatura. Floristic diversity and agroclimatic factors in the Montes de María, Colombia: a literature review

Abstract

The tropical dry forest (Bs-T) is one of the most fragile habitats in Colombia, threatened by deforestation, the expansion of poor agricultural and livestock practices, and the fragmentation of the ecosystem. In the Montes de María, which spans territories of the departments of Bolívar and Sucre, a remnant of Bs-T of great relevance is preserved due to its biological and sociocultural value. This article provides a review of the current knowledge of floristic diversity and the agroclimatic factors that condition its composition and distribution. Several studies are analyzed that expose the role of climatic seasonality, the richness of plant species, as well as the main warnings facing this ecosystem. On the other hand, advancements in conservation, restoration, and participation are examined, highlighting the need to combine science with local knowledge to strengthen the planning of its territorial viability. The collected information provides an important resource to verify the execution of existing environmental policies and allows for the search for elements that contribute to the protection of biodiversity in the context of climate change, and the weight that human activities impose on ecosystems and natural resources.

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