Sources of Air Pollution

Abstract

Publisher Summary National anthropogenic annual emission inventories can, on their own, give a misleading picture regarding the appropriate sources to control. What is important for most pollutants are those sources that make major contributions to elevated concentrations during pollution episodes. As most people live in cities, urban inventories are important for identifying these sources. The main source of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels, particularly in power stations and motor vehicles. Emissions from both these sources have begun to decline in recent years owing to the introduction of efficient abatement measures. In most urban areas, road transport is the dominant source of pollution as measures to reduce wintertime smogs in earlier decades lead to the re-location of many large stationary sources to rural or semi-rural sites. Road transport is the single most important source of most of the classical air pollutants. The exceptions are sulfur dioxide and volatile organic compounds. To develop effective control strategies for reducing urban emissions, it is important to know which type of vehicles are contributing most to the total road traffic emissions. It is not possible to measure emissions from every single one. Instead, emissions are generally calculated from a measure of activity relating to the emissions, such as fuel consumption for stationary sources and distance traveled for mobile sources. Emission factors, derived from measurements of individual or representative sources, are then multiplied by the appropriate statistic to give the emission rate.

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DOIS: 10.4018/978-1-5225-3540-9.ch011 10.1016/b978-012373615-4/50011-x 10.1002/9780470999318.ch5 10.1016/b978-0-08-050707-1.50010-x 10.1016/b978-012352335-8/50083-1