Study of the electric vehicle implementation on the smart grid

Abstract

Since some years ago the electric vehicle popularity, and so the pluggable hybrid, notably increased although it's not a brand new development. To understand it, together with the oil prices rise, another factors are to be considered like the CO2 emissions reduction or the fossil fuels dependence. This work is devoted to the study of the electric vehicle integration on the Smart Grid exploring the synergies and the challenges of it. Geographically the study illustrates the Spanish case using as a main data inputs the International Energy Agency forecasts for western Europe together with some highly valuable European Union studies, especially those issued by the JRC. On a first step an electric vehicle market penetration investigation shows that, on year 2030, a 21% of the cars running trough the Spanish roads will be electrically powered. The impact of such a presence of electric vehicles could be assumed, disregarding power grid meshing requirements, by the Spanish electric generation pool and transport infrastructures even if no improvement on them takes place on the next 15 years. The bottleneck will then be found on the low voltage distribution systems and their associated medium voltage lines, that will not be able to hold the electric vehicle deployment forecast unless their capacities are increased or the users car availability is impaired. A solution must be found to this fix this issue that should also explore all the possible synergies with the rest of the electrical system. As a result two countermeasures arise preserving as much as possible the cars availability to their owners. One is to size up all the low voltage and related medium voltage systems to accommodate bigger power flows solving the main problem but doing nothing to integrate the steadily increasing renewal energy that should be consumed when is produced or stored on expensive, environmentally harmful, hydropower pumping stations. The other countermeasure, the main outcome of the next pages, derives from the functionalities of the Smart Grid and is in fact a reviewed version of the, yet popular, Vehicle To Grid (V2G) strategy. Its about to add an inertia battery emulating the inertia tanks in central sanitary water production facilities. Such a kind of proposal is possible because the grid-wide information share and distributed control that lies on the Smart Grid concept. The countermeasure will allow not only a 21% presence of the electric vehicle but even a 100% with almost no cost for the owners, will greatly help the renewables integration as offers a big energy storage capacity on valley hours without compromising the electric vehicles batteries life and also could prevent outages acting as a grid energy supplier in some case

Original document

The different versions of the original document can be found in:

• http://hdl.handle.net/2099.1/23388 under the license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/