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• Optimization of reinforcing steel with the Genetic Algorithm for the design of concrete columns

  L. Verduzco Martínez, J. Horta, M. Hernández, G. Contreras

  Optimización de acero de refuerzo con el Algoritmo Genético para el diseño de columnas de concreto (2020). https://coloquioposgradoingenieria.home.blog/

  
  

  Abstract

  Is presented hereby the creation of an optimization program for the design of reinforcing steel for any type of structural elements which may be considered as columns, pillar, pilots or dies, subjected to flexo-compression mechanic stresses for rectangular cross sections elements with the support of numeric methods and meta-heuristic algorithms for the optimization of constructions costs, particularly the Genetic algorithm, adapting such algorithms to the optimization problem so that it makes the resultant designs practical and conve nient for its application in the construction industry, based on certain criteria from the NTC-17 and questioning other. It will be shown how such optimization algorithm was adapted to the problem, as well as other general numeric methods for engineering and others developed specifically for structural engineering for the optimal design of this sort of concrete elements. Moreover, sensibility cost analysis of unitary construction prices are presented as well, with which the objective function for the optimization algorithm was created. At the end, results of various experiments with and without the optimization program are shown, making comparisons between different structural models regarding cost and geometry.

  Abstract
  Is presented hereby the creation of an optimization program for the design of reinforcing steel for any type of structural elements which may be considered as columns, pillar, [...]

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• Free-clash and overlap reinforcement criteria for optimal design of reinforced concrete frames through visual programming

  L. Verduzco Martínez, J. Rangel, M. Hernández, J. Zaragoza

  Criterios de refuerzo por traslapes y empalmes a través de programación visual para el diseño óptimo de marcos de concreto reforzado (2021). Coloquio 15, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, 2021

  
  

  Abstract

  In the present work the development and application of an optimal design process for reinforced concrete frames is exposed, taking on account optimal distributions of reinforcing bars in the structural elements under free-clash and slap reinforcement criteria, aside of other restriction by code specifications (ACI-318 and NTC-17) such as minimum separation and maximum reinforcement area, through visual programming in ANSYS Space-Claim using Python language for the automatic generation of detail CAD drawings. Artificial Intelligence is employed with the meta-heuristic Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) given its rapid convergence to find optimal dimensions of the elements for a structural frame, and the Steepest Gradient Descent Method (SGD) was used along with the Idealized Smeared Reinforcement analogy (ISR) to find optimal distributions of rebar in such elements through simple search, considering symmetric reinforcement in columns. Only one numerical structural model was built for experimentation under two different design approaches for comparison: one under free-clash and slap reinforcement criteria and another without considering such criteria. Results show a great influence in the optima convergence of dimensions by considering such reinforcement criteria, Besides, great final visual detailing results of such reinforcement are obtained, demonstrating thus, that it is possible to generate with the technology nowadays available more accurate models for civil infrastructure that may represent better construction conditions under which structures are subject to.

  Abstract
  In the present work the development and application of an optimal design process for reinforced concrete frames is exposed, taking on account optimal distributions of reinforcing [...]

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• Performance-Based Optimization of Reinforced Ductile Concrete Frames with Asymmetric Reinforcement in Columns, using the ISR analogy

  L. Verduzco Martínez, J. Rangel, M. Hernández, J. Zaragoza

  Performance-Based Optimization of Reinforced Ductile Concrete Frames with Asymmetric Reinforcement in Columns, using the ISR analogy (2021). Available: https://www.journalcjast.com/index.php/CJAST/article/view/31469

  
  

  Abstract

  The present work exposes the design of optimization procedures both with the “Particle Swarm Optimization” (PSO) algorithm and the “Genetic Algorithm” (GA) for the design of reinforced concrete frames, making comparisons in cost, weight of the structure and predicted damage. The optimization procedures are built up using the “Idealized Smeared Reinforcement” (ISR) analogy for each element of the structural model frames considered for this work. Two different numerical structural plane-frame models were created for the application and comparison of the performance of the optimization design procedures hereby proposed. The optimization procedures were mono-objective with a cost-objective function, taking on account steel reinforcement and concrete for the cost computation. Two different design approaches were carried on for this work, one proposing asymmetrical reinforcement for columns and the other with symmetrical reinforcement. In order to compute the damage indices considered for this study a non-linear Pushover structural analysis is performed. Results show that asymmetrical reinforcement in columns may reduce concrete volumes, although such reduction in material might not be quite proportional with construction cost, given that asymmetric reinforcement in columns is more expensive than symmetrical, per unit-cost. The bigger the structure, the more likely is to obtain lighter structures by using asymmetrical reinforcement. Regarding damage of the structure, results show that when using asymmetrical reinforcement in columns, it is more likely to obtain smaller values for the expected damage with no great difference on the estimated collapse Safety Factors for the seismic loads. In general, the proposed methodology hereby proposed enhances quite good optima results, requiring only a few adjustments of clash-free and slap reinforcement after the optimization procedure terminates. When designing reinforced concrete frames with asymmetric reinforcement in columns, an increase in construction costs of as much as $25\%$ as that obtained for symmetric reinforcement could be enhanced. In general, with the proposed methodology to optimally design reinforced concrete frames, savings of as much as $20\%$ in construction costs from an initial structural proposal can be reached.

  Abstract
  The present work exposes the design of optimization procedures both with the “Particle Swarm Optimization” (PSO) algorithm and the “Genetic Algorithm” [...]

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• Optimization of reinforced concrete structures with the ISR analogy

  L. Verduzco Martínez, J. Horta

  XVII International Engineering Congress, UAQ, CONIIN-21 (2021). Revista del Congreso Internacional de Ingeniería (CONIIN), (in press)

  
  

  Abstract

  The present work presents the application of the ISR analogy (Idealized Smeared Reinforcement) for the optimization of reinforced concrete frames, focusing fully on the reinforcement of its elements. A disclosure of the ISR analogy applied to different concrete structural elements is developed in order to build different rebar optimization formulations and algorithms from such ISR formulations for each type of element. Thereafter, such optimization formulations are joint and adapted for its application to reinforced concrete plane frames, in a way in which the mere numerical models and analysis are built using the reinforcement details obtained from the reinforcement optimizations. Comparisons of results between the different rebar and ISR optimization procedures are made, as well as an analysis of the performance regarding its application to RC frame models, considering weight of the structure, lateral stiffness, and quality of reinforcement detailing. Results show that optimum design considering symmetric reinforcement in columns are just slightly higher than asymmetric designs regarding cost and reinforcing area, and sometimes even lower; therefore, only symmetric reinforcement in columns was considered for this research when applied to the RC frame models, using classical optimization algorithms (the Steepest Gradient Descent method was employed here), as it was found that great savings in time with quite acceptable accuracy could be enhanced in relation with metaheuristic optimization algorithms. The algorithms hereby developed for the rebar optimization through simple search from the ISR analogy resulted quite simple for replication.

  Abstract
  The present work presents the application of the ISR analogy (Idealized Smeared Reinforcement) for the optimization of reinforced concrete frames, focusing fully on the reinforcement [...]

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• The Idealized Smeared Reinforcement (ISR) method for the optimization of concrete sections: a survey of the state-of-the-art and analysis of potential computational approaches

  L. Verduzco Martínez, J. Horta

  Revista Mexicana de Métodos Numéricos (2021). Vol. 5, 1

  
  

  Abstract

  The present work aims to define formally the method termed as \textit{``Idealized Smeared Reinforcement'' (ISR)} for optimization in the design of reinforcing steel in concrete structures, its boundaries, background and potentials. Such method has been extensively used implicitly in many different studies of reinforced concrete structures related with optimization and mechanical structural behaviour, but it has not yet been formally established as a method itself even though it represents a great solution approach when designing optimally concrete sections, which is a tendency so vital nowadays for sustainability in construction projects. A general survey of such method of the ISR will be presented on in this document, presenting relevant background research related to the use of the method and optimization of reinforcing steel in general for concrete structures, thereafter proposals of different optimization methods, both classical optimization and meta-heuristic methods will be regarded as possible approaches to apply the ISR, specifically Gradient Descent Optimization methods when one variable for the ISR is considered and meta-heuristics for more than one variable involved given their versatility and flexibility to adapt to different problems, particularly the Particle Swarm Optimization PSO method and the Genetic Algorithm GA. At the end, these solution approaches for the application of the ISR method will be compared for the testing of rectangular solid geometries with different analysis parameters in order to show how adaptable and feasible such ISR method might be using a proper optimization algorithm and analysis for its approach when designing reinforcing steel.

  Abstract
  The present work aims to define formally the method termed as \textit{``Idealized Smeared Reinforcement'' (ISR)} for optimization in the design of reinforcing steel [...]

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• Optimización de acero de refuerzo para el diseño de columnas de concreto

  L. Verduzco Martínez, A. Hernández-Martínez

  (2019). Tesis de Grado, University of Guanajuato, Mexico, http://www.repositorio.ugto.mx/handle/20.500.12059/2684

  
  

  Abstract

  Is presented hereby the creation of an optimization software for the design of reinforcing steel for any type of structural elements which may be considered as columns, pillars, pilots or foundation dies, subjected to flexo-compression mechanic stresses for rectangular and circular cross section elements with the support of computational numeric methods and a new mathematical original model named "The idealized steel profile" for the optimization of constructions costs, in which the reinforcing steel is idealized as a steel structural profile embeded in concrete columns, so that then an approxiamte required reinforcing steel area may be determined in order to compute all the possible reinforcing bar options over the element cross section making comparisons in structural efficiency and cost for each option generated to then determine the optimal topology regarding cost and efficiency. The optimization problem is adapted so that it makes the resultant designs practical and convenient for its application in the construction industry in Mexico, based on certain design criteria from the <span style="color: #800000;">NTC-2017</span> (Technical Construction Normative of Mexico City) and questioning other such criteria.   It will be shown how such optimization algorithm was adapted, as well as other general numeric methods for engineering. Moreover the implementation of this program as a software for its practical application in the industry for any concrete structure with "n" number of concrete elements is presented. At the end, results of various experiments with the optimization program are shown, making comparisons between different resultant structural models regarding structural eficciency and geometry.

  Abstract
  Is presented hereby the creation of an optimization software for the design of reinforcing steel for any type of structural elements which may be considered as columns, [...]

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• Optimization of reinforcing steel for the design of concrete columns

  L. Verduzco Martínez, A. Hernández-Martínez

  (2019). Bachelor Thesis, University of Guanajuato, Mexico, http://repositorio.ugto.mx/handle/20.500.12059/2684

  
  

  Abstract

  Is presented hereby the creation of an optimization software for the design of reinforcing steel for any type of structural elements which may be considered as columns, pillars, pilots or foundation dies, subjected to flexo-compression mechanic stresses for rectangular and circular cross section elements with the support of computational numeric methods and a new mathematical original model named "The idealized steel profile" for the optimization of constructions costs, in which the reinforcing steel is idealized as a steel structural profile embeded in concrete columns, so that then an approxiamte required reinforcing steel area may be determined in order to compute all the possible reinforcing bar options over the element cross section making comparisons in structural efficiency and cost for each option generated to then determine the optimal topology regarding cost and efficiency. The optimization problem is adapted so that it makes the resultant designs practical and convenient for its application in the construction industry in Mexico, based on certain design criteria from the <span style="color: #800000;">NTC-2017</span> (Technical Construction Normative of Mexico City) and questioning other such criteria.   It will be shown how such optimization algorithm was adapted, as well as other general numeric methods for engineering. Moreover the implementation of this program as a software for its practical application in the industry for any concrete structure with "n" number of concrete elements is presented. At the end, results of various experiments with the optimization program are shown, making comparisons between different resultant structural models regarding structural eficciency and geometry.

  Abstract
  Is presented hereby the creation of an optimization software for the design of reinforcing steel for any type of structural elements which may be considered as columns, [...]

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