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• Free-clash and overlap reinforcement criteria for optimal design of reinforced concrete frames through visual programming

  L. Verduzco Martínez, J. Rangel, M. Hernández, J. Zaragoza

  Criterios de refuerzo por traslapes y empalmes a través de programación visual para el diseño óptimo de marcos de concreto reforzado (2021). Coloquio 15, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, 2021

  
  

  Abstract

  In the present work the development and application of an optimal design process for reinforced concrete frames is exposed, taking on account optimal distributions of reinforcing bars in the structural elements under free-clash and slap reinforcement criteria, aside of other restriction by code specifications (ACI-318 and NTC-17) such as minimum separation and maximum reinforcement area, through visual programming in ANSYS Space-Claim using Python language for the automatic generation of detail CAD drawings. Artificial Intelligence is employed with the meta-heuristic Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) given its rapid convergence to find optimal dimensions of the elements for a structural frame, and the Steepest Gradient Descent Method (SGD) was used along with the Idealized Smeared Reinforcement analogy (ISR) to find optimal distributions of rebar in such elements through simple search, considering symmetric reinforcement in columns. Only one numerical structural model was built for experimentation under two different design approaches for comparison: one under free-clash and slap reinforcement criteria and another without considering such criteria. Results show a great influence in the optima convergence of dimensions by considering such reinforcement criteria, Besides, great final visual detailing results of such reinforcement are obtained, demonstrating thus, that it is possible to generate with the technology nowadays available more accurate models for civil infrastructure that may represent better construction conditions under which structures are subject to.

  Abstract
  In the present work the development and application of an optimal design process for reinforced concrete frames is exposed, taking on account optimal distributions of reinforcing [...]

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• Performance-Based Optimization of Reinforced Ductile Concrete Frames with Asymmetric Reinforcement in Columns, using the ISR analogy

  L. Verduzco Martínez, J. Rangel, M. Hernández, J. Zaragoza

  Performance-Based Optimization of Reinforced Ductile Concrete Frames with Asymmetric Reinforcement in Columns, using the ISR analogy (2021). Available: https://www.journalcjast.com/index.php/CJAST/article/view/31469

  
  

  Abstract

  The present work exposes the design of optimization procedures both with the “Particle Swarm Optimization” (PSO) algorithm and the “Genetic Algorithm” (GA) for the design of reinforced concrete frames, making comparisons in cost, weight of the structure and predicted damage. The optimization procedures are built up using the “Idealized Smeared Reinforcement” (ISR) analogy for each element of the structural model frames considered for this work. Two different numerical structural plane-frame models were created for the application and comparison of the performance of the optimization design procedures hereby proposed. The optimization procedures were mono-objective with a cost-objective function, taking on account steel reinforcement and concrete for the cost computation. Two different design approaches were carried on for this work, one proposing asymmetrical reinforcement for columns and the other with symmetrical reinforcement. In order to compute the damage indices considered for this study a non-linear Pushover structural analysis is performed. Results show that asymmetrical reinforcement in columns may reduce concrete volumes, although such reduction in material might not be quite proportional with construction cost, given that asymmetric reinforcement in columns is more expensive than symmetrical, per unit-cost. The bigger the structure, the more likely is to obtain lighter structures by using asymmetrical reinforcement. Regarding damage of the structure, results show that when using asymmetrical reinforcement in columns, it is more likely to obtain smaller values for the expected damage with no great difference on the estimated collapse Safety Factors for the seismic loads. In general, the proposed methodology hereby proposed enhances quite good optima results, requiring only a few adjustments of clash-free and slap reinforcement after the optimization procedure terminates. When designing reinforced concrete frames with asymmetric reinforcement in columns, an increase in construction costs of as much as $25\%$ as that obtained for symmetric reinforcement could be enhanced. In general, with the proposed methodology to optimally design reinforced concrete frames, savings of as much as $20\%$ in construction costs from an initial structural proposal can be reached.

  Abstract
  The present work exposes the design of optimization procedures both with the “Particle Swarm Optimization” (PSO) algorithm and the “Genetic Algorithm” [...]

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• The Idealized Smeared Reinforcement (ISR) method for the optimization of concrete sections: a survey of the state-of-the-art and analysis of potential computational approaches

  L. Verduzco Martínez, J. Horta

  Revista Mexicana de Métodos Numéricos (2021). Vol. 5, 1

  
  

  Abstract

  The present work aims to define formally the method termed as \textit{``Idealized Smeared Reinforcement'' (ISR)} for optimization in the design of reinforcing steel in concrete structures, its boundaries, background and potentials. Such method has been extensively used implicitly in many different studies of reinforced concrete structures related with optimization and mechanical structural behaviour, but it has not yet been formally established as a method itself even though it represents a great solution approach when designing optimally concrete sections, which is a tendency so vital nowadays for sustainability in construction projects. A general survey of such method of the ISR will be presented on in this document, presenting relevant background research related to the use of the method and optimization of reinforcing steel in general for concrete structures, thereafter proposals of different optimization methods, both classical optimization and meta-heuristic methods will be regarded as possible approaches to apply the ISR, specifically Gradient Descent Optimization methods when one variable for the ISR is considered and meta-heuristics for more than one variable involved given their versatility and flexibility to adapt to different problems, particularly the Particle Swarm Optimization PSO method and the Genetic Algorithm GA. At the end, these solution approaches for the application of the ISR method will be compared for the testing of rectangular solid geometries with different analysis parameters in order to show how adaptable and feasible such ISR method might be using a proper optimization algorithm and analysis for its approach when designing reinforcing steel.

  Abstract
  The present work aims to define formally the method termed as \textit{``Idealized Smeared Reinforcement'' (ISR)} for optimization in the design of reinforcing steel [...]

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