Improving Trade and Transport for Landlocked Developing Countries : A Ten-Year Review


== Abstract ==

Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs)             are completely dependent on their transit neighbors              infrastructure and administrative procedures to transport             their goods to port. This publication provides a             comprehensive ten-year review in order to assess the             progress made in improving access of LLDCs to global             markets, identify the remaining challenges faced by LLDCs,             and present improved and innovative ways to overcome them.             This publication is based on the practical knowledge from             implementing the Almaty Program policies, shared by both of             our institutions. It provides a snapshot of the economic             trends in LLDCs, with regard to trade costs, connectivity             constraints and trade diversification. It reviews the key             access policies in the Almaty Program of Action framework             that include infrastructure, transport and logistics             services, regional integration, trade and transit             facilitation. It combines data and substantial feedback from             implemented projects and policy changes. The focus of the             document is general in scope and does not include detailed             economic or policy analysis of all the potential components             of reforms. The publication is organized as follows:             Chapter1: Economics of Landlockedness; Chapter 2:             Connectivity Constraints; Chapter 3: Hinterland Connections;             Chapter 4: Transit and Trade Facilitation, Regional             Integration; Chapter 5: Physical Connectivity, Corridors.             This document is based primarily on the experience of             project implementation by the World Bank, and on analytical             work on trade corridors and LLDCs, including reports and             presentations on progress in implementing the Almaty Program             of Action.


== Original document ==

The different versions of the original document can be found in:

* [http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21800 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21800] under the license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/