(the title and abstract are written in both spanish and english)
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En conclusión, el FFRB representa una opción más respetuosa con el medioambiente para componentes náuticos, aunque son necesarias futuras investigaciones para optimizar su gestión al final de su vida útil.
 
En conclusión, el FFRB representa una opción más respetuosa con el medioambiente para componentes náuticos, aunque son necesarias futuras investigaciones para optimizar su gestión al final de su vida útil.
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<u>ABSTRACT</u>
  
 
The widespread use of glass fibre-reinforced composites in the marine industry is primarily attributed to their low cost, favourable mechanical properties, and high resistance to marine corrosion. However, their limited recyclability poses significant environmental concerns at end-of-life (EoL). Consequently, more sustainable alternatives such as biocomposites reinforced with natural fibres are being explored.
 
The widespread use of glass fibre-reinforced composites in the marine industry is primarily attributed to their low cost, favourable mechanical properties, and high resistance to marine corrosion. However, their limited recyclability poses significant environmental concerns at end-of-life (EoL). Consequently, more sustainable alternatives such as biocomposites reinforced with natural fibres are being explored.

Revision as of 12:38, 12 April 2025


ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DEL CICLO DE VIDA (ACV) DEL TAMBUCHO DE UNA EMBARCACIÓN EN FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y FIBRA DE LINO. COMPARATIVE LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) OF A BOAT HATCH MADE OF GLASS FIBRE AND FLAX FIBRE REINFORCED COMPOSITES.
ALBERTO LOPEZ-ARRAIZAa, GORKA MARTÍNEZb
a Escuela de Ingeniería de Bilbao (UPV/EHU)
b Escuela de Ingeniería de Bilbao (UPV/EHU)

RESUMEN

El uso generalizado de composites de fibra de vidrio en la industria náutica se debe a su bajo coste, buenas propiedades mecánicas y elevada resistencia a la corrosión marina. No obstante, su escasa reciclabilidad plantea importantes desafíos medioambientales al final de su vida útil. En este contexto, los biocomposites reforzados con fibras naturales surgen como una alternativa más sostenible.

El presente estudio compara el Análisis del Ciclo de Vida (ACV) del tambucho de proa de una embarcación, fabricado tradicionalmente con resina poliéster y fibra de vidrio (GFRP), con una versión alternativa compuesta por bio-epoxi reforzada con tejido de lino (FFRB), empleando el proceso de infusión al vacío.

Primeramente, se fabricaron laminados FFRB y se caracterizaron mediante ensayos de flexión tres puntos. Según la norma ISO 12215-5:2019 para embarcaciones de recreo, se calcularon los espesores necesarios, observándose una reducción del 14 % en el peso respecto al tambucho actual de GFRP.

Posteriormente, se realizó un ACV “de la cuna a la tumba” utilizando OpenLCA y la base de datos Ecoinvent391. Los resultados muestran que el tambucho de FFRB presenta menores impactos en el uso de recursos fósiles (ΔADP-f = –16 %) y en la toxicidad humana (ΔHTP = –54 %), aunque incrementa la ecotoxicidad terrestre (ΔTETP = +238 %) debido al uso agrícola de pesticidas y fertilizantes en el cultivo del lino.

En conclusión, el FFRB representa una opción más respetuosa con el medioambiente para componentes náuticos, aunque son necesarias futuras investigaciones para optimizar su gestión al final de su vida útil.

ABSTRACT

The widespread use of glass fibre-reinforced composites in the marine industry is primarily attributed to their low cost, favourable mechanical properties, and high resistance to marine corrosion. However, their limited recyclability poses significant environmental concerns at end-of-life (EoL). Consequently, more sustainable alternatives such as biocomposites reinforced with natural fibres are being explored.

This study presents a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the fore hatch of a small boat, currently manufactured by hand lay-up using glass fibre reinforced polyester glass fibre (GFRP), and a proposed alternative with flax fabric reinforced bio-epoxy (FFRB) produced by vacuum infusion.

Initially, FFRB laminates were manufactured and mechanically characterised through three-point bending tests. Based on ISO 12215-5:2019 for small craft construction, the required laminate thicknesses for the FFRB hatch were determined, achieving a 14% weight reduction compared to the GFRP counterpart.

Subsequently, a cradle-to-grave LCA was performed using OpenLCA software and the Ecoinvent v3.9.1 database. Results revealed that the FFRB hatch offers lower environmental impacts in fossil fuel depletion (ΔADP = –16%) and human toxicity (ΔHTP = –54%). However, terrestrial ecotoxicity (ΔTETP = +238%) increased due to pesticide and fertiliser use in flax cultivation.

In conclusion, FFRB represents an environmentally sustainable alternative for marine component manufacturing, although further research is required to enhance its end-of-life performance.


Palabras clave: LCA, biocomposite, flax, GFRP, flexural properties.

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Document information

Published on 22/10/25
Accepted on 23/07/25
Submitted on 12/04/25

Volume 09 - Comunicaciones MatComp25 (2025), Issue Núm. 2 - Reciclaje y Sostenibilidad, 2025
Licence: Other

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