Revision as of 10:22, 8 June 2026

Abstract

The deployment of communication base stations establishes an efficient information transmission network; however, implementing deployment in mountainous areas with complex terrain remains amajor challenge. To address the issues of large topographical variations, dispersed villages, and low coverage efficiency, this study focuses on application issues, develops a mountainous deployment environment model that incorporates terrain elevation increments and village exclusion zones. On this basis, a Differential Evolution algorithm with Multiple Mutation Strategies (MSM-DE) is proposed to improve the balance between global exploration and local exploitation. The algorithm introduces a probabilistic multi-mutation mechanism that dynamically selects among several mutation strategies according to population diversity, and an adaptive parameter memory archive that guides the search toward promising regions.These modifications enhance both convergence speed and robustness in complex terrain optimization. Three objectives—coverage rate, village coverage satisfaction, and signal security—are combined into a weighted multi-objective function, and experiments are performed under two deployment scenarios (fixed and random village distributions).The results demonstrate that MSM-DE achieves significantly faster convergence and higher coverage performance than benchmark DE variants, validating that the proposed mutation synergy and adaptive parameter control effectively strengthen the algorithm’s optimization capability and stability in mountainous base station deployment.

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