Latest revision as of 11:12, 19 March 2026

Abstract

Analytical solutions provide an efficient means to evaluate the internal forces of tunnels and elucidate the relationships among key influencing parameters. This paper presents an analytical solution for the internal forces of the nuclear power plant’s water intake and outlet tunnel under P waves. In order to consider the slippage effect of the ground-tunnel and lining-lining interfaces, a spring-type tangential stiffness coefficient K iis introduced. Moreover, the proposed analytical solution can accommodate tunnels with an arbitrary number of lining layers and treat the linings as thick-walled cylinders, providing higher analytical accuracy. The validity of the proposed analytical solution is demonstrated through a comparative analysis with the traditional analytical solution and finite element simulations. The comparison results confirm the accuracy and superiority of the proposed method. A comprehensive parametric investigation is conducted to examine how the tangential stiffness coefficient K i, the flexibility ratio F, and the characteristics of the isolation layer influence the tunnel’s seismic behavior.OPEN ACCESS Received: 25/12/2025 Accepted: 28/01/2026 Published: 20/03/2026

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